The Aboriginal Kinship System Eli Cook
Family is one of the most important components in maintaining a functional society. It allows us to meet our basic human needs, provides security, and offers us an inbuilt support structure that we can turn to when needed. First Nations people have understood the importance of family for tens of thousands of years. It is at the very essence of our survival and continues to be at the forefront of our existence today. For generations, First Nations people have depended upon a complex kinship system, which is significantly different from how most Australians perceive their own families and relationships. This system has long provided First Nations people with a sense of belonging, along with a connection to the land. This connection allows us to define our identity and helps us to maintain close family bonds. Within the kinship system, an individual will have many mothers, fathers, uncles, aunties, brothers, and sisters in an extended family unit, which may not necessarily be related by blood or language group. Our aunties and uncles are considered as our mothers and fathers in the same sense as our biological parents. Therefore, what western society would consider as our cousins, are in fact considered as our brothers and sisters. This system allows for a vast extended family group that can be called upon to support each other in preserving a fruitful existence. Such a structure has far reaching influences, such as the social organisation of our communities, how children are
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Top: Cook children. Left: Cook extended family
raised and cared for, and how the wealth of the land is shared and maintained. The kinship system is just as important today as it was prior to 1788. However, generations of outside influence, along with the damage caused by colonisation, has had a far-reaching impact on how this system operates. While the basic premise remains the same, the loss of story and family connections have diminished the role that the kinship system plays in our day-to-day lives. We still maintain our close connections to extended family members and will call upon them for assistance whenever needed. But our impact on each other’s successes and failures has become increasingly less
prevalent. We no longer play the substantial role we once played in raising our children as a collective family group. As our kinship system becomes less and less ingrained within our way of life our children no longer maintain the strong sense of identity and belonging that they once had. Today, most of us live within a hybrid family structure, which still embodies aspects of the kinship system while adopting westernised interpretations of family. The success of the kinship system over millennia provides us with an insight into just how important family is to maintaining and sustaining an efficient and peaceful society into the future.
FAMILY
FEBRUARY 2022 15
