Eco Flores Report of a congress September 2012 | Labuan Bajo
Flores
Eco Flores Report of a congress 1
Content 5 6 9 12 15
COLOPHON Draft: Moira Moeliono and Pam Minnigh Working Group Edits and final edits advisors: Mike Guilbeaux (Marine Management) Nikolaus Salo ( Disaster Risk Management) Ruedi Nuetzi (Tourism) Maria Goretti (Health) Irene Doubrawa (Community Development) Gusty Bandur (Community Development) Maribeth Erb (Tourism) Adi Soenarno (Tourism) Nina van Toulon (Founder Eco Flores) Photographers: Courtesy Leonardus Nyoman Chandra Novizal (all pictures from the congress) Pam Minnigh Nina van Toulon
Executive Summary Introduction The Eco Flores vision Communal Learning Workshop The Eco Flores Congress
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1
Guest-speakers
16
2
Working Groups
17
2.1 Tourism and Eco-Tourism
19
2.2 Water and Waste Management
21
2.3 Nature Conservation and Forestry
22
2.4 Marine Management
24
2.5 Community Development
26
2.6 Agriculture
27
2.7 Health
27
2.8 Disaster Risk Management
28 32 34 35
The ‘Market Place’ Action Plans Closing remarks Words of thanks APPENDIX APPENDIX APPENDIX APPENDIX
I: Details of Discussion results from each working group. II: List and contact details of participants III: List of Eco Flores Foundation advisors IV: List of sponsors of Eco Flores Congress September 2012
Graphic Design: Karin Minnigh www.ecoflores.org
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Executive Summary September 2012. Some 150 people from 12 countries and all districts of Flores gathered under a tent on the lawn of the seminary in Labuan Bajo. After a day communal learning workshop, people stood up sharing an individual action plan to respond to the question: “How can Eco Flores trigger and inspire sustainable development in Flores”. The idea was to think big (Flores Development in a globalized world) but act small (within individual capabilities). The workshop was part of the Eco-Flores Congress, a first congress initiated by the Eco Flores Foundation. Established in 2012, the foundation took up the mission to define sustainability issues on Flores at present and in the foreseeable future, identify local and international initiatives on Flores, facilitate cooperation by connecting local sustainability initiatives and projects in similar areas of work across Flores to foster sharing of experiences, resources, and best practices. The congress was sponsored among others by New Zealand Aid Program, WWF Indonesia, KLM and Transnusa Air Service, P.T Unilever Indonesia and private donations. Swiss Contact, Sustainability partners, VECO, and Caritas also supported the congress The question: How can Eco Flores trigger and inspire sustainable development in Flores
This first congress was meant to produce a framework for action and establish networks for coordination. Working groups on Disaster Risk Management, Community Development, Health, Agriculture, Tourism, Water and Waste management, Marine management, and Nature Conservation and Forestry convened to discuss challenges, needs and issues and develop solutions and action plans.
Developing action plans is a good exercise but implementing these action plans requires more time and the commitment from the initiators and funds. Nevertheless, the congress has resulted in a few directly doable proposals. While still requiring time and effort to develop, we think there is a lot of potential for the following ideas: •
Lobbying and advocacy, especially at government level to develop a collaboration and cooperation among the 8 districts with regard to spatial planning; designing a tourism master plan; nature conservation
•
Awareness raising, first and foremost at the level of the local community but also among all stakeholders in the tourism industry on the need for sustainability in all 8 topics discussed in the congress. This can be done individually or through EFF.
•
Support for local waste management initiatives. In Ende and Labuan Bajo (and possibly in other places as well) local waste management efforts have been initiated. Garbage Banks have been established and garbage collectors organized. Much more needs to be done to make this an effective effort.
•
A network for small scale community based businesses in support of tourism. So far the idea of linking home stays across Flores is being developed and a network for organic vegetable production and marketing has been initiated.
•
A larger global collaborative network: Learning from New Zealand (Kiwi) experience in developing ‘responsible tourism’ can only benefit Flores (Komodo)
The Eco Flores congress was a huge success, small in terms of practical action plans but certainly big in terms of networking, sharing of information, and triggering new ideas. However, this is only the beginning. More information is needed to develop ideas and action plans and newly formed networks need strengthening and maintenance. For these reasons, EFF is now working on organizing a second Congress.
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Eco Flores Report of a congress 5
Introduction Part of the eastern islands of Nusa Tenggara Timur, Flores is a beautiful, mountainous island stretching 360 km from east to west. It is part of a volcanic belt that stretches from Sumatra through Java and Bali to the Banda sea. Home to the now extinct small hominids, discovered in 2004, and the still thriving Komodo dragon, it is blessed with crystal clear waters, white and pink sandy beaches, jungle and mountains combined with a colorful parallel underwater world. Flores is indeed a truly remarkable place: hotspot of the Wallacea region, nexus of the Indian and Pacific oceans. Flores is environmentally and culturally quite distinct from the western as well as the more eastern part of Indonesia and historically has been always on the periphery of the state. Although the Portuguese arrived in the 16th century, and the Dutch took over the eastern part in 1854, the island as a whole was only integrated into the colonial state in the early 1900s, long after the establishment of the colonial state on Java (1800). In the struggling for independence and subsequent development of the Republic of Indonesia, the eastern parts have been neglected. Only recently has the government initiated programs
to accelerate development in the eastern regions (NTT, Maluku and Papua). As a result Flores is one of the most under developed areas in Indonesia. People are poor, mostly dependent on subsistence agriculture, and mother and infant mortality is the highest in Indonesia. Today, however, it has been discovered as a tourist destination. Records show that in 2011 some 78.000 people visited Flores. This is already moving towards the government target of 175.000 tourists by 2013. Tourism is developing at a fast pace, bringing opportunities but also challenging changes. The table below shows the steady increase of visitors to the two national parks, Komodo in the west and Kelimutu in the east. Flores is on a point of no return and in order to develop sustainably to the benefit of its people should learn from good and bad examples in other locations. Eco Flores evolved out of a perceived need for coordination of well intended efforts to support development in the island of Flores, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. In 2010, the founder Nina van Toulon started volunteering as PR liaison person for
a local waste management project in Labuan Bajo. She started to collect data about other sustainability initiatives on Flores and their national and international supporting organizations. By doing so she observed that most organizations were not working together, were not sharing expertise and resources and often were not aware of one another’s existence. In response she initiated www.ecoflores.org. This website presents information about local NGO’s and their initiatives, their ties with supporting organizations, useful links and updates. It lists governmental aďŹƒliations and private enterprises, companies with a Corporate Responsibility Program and their ties to local projects. The website is intended to create transparency and to promote sharing, to function as a market place, and for posting project proposals of local organizations which need support with expertise and/or funding.
Up to September 2012 contacts in this network were mostly virtual. In order to truly connect participants, EFF hosted the first Eco Flores Network Congress with the intention to share knowledge and experience in support of sustainable development of Flores. The congress was a huge success, gathering 154 participants from all over the world: from Flores, Komodo, Rinca, Sumbawa, Timor, Alor, Bali, Java, Singapore, Australia, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany, Hawaii, Austria, Thailand, Zimbabwe. The congress was sponsored among others by New Zealand Aid Program, WWF Indonesia, KLM and Transnusa Air Service, P.T Unilever Indonesia and private donations. Swiss Contact, Sustainability partners, VECO, and Caritas also supported the congress.
Over time, many volunteers joined this effort and Eco-Flores evolved into a global network organization. In 2012 Eco Flores Foundation (EFF) registered as a non-for-profit organization in Jakarta, Indonesia.
(x 1000)
(x 1000)
As a result: Flores is one of the most under developed areas in Indonesia Komodo National Park
Kelimutu National Park
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
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2010
2011
0
visitors local international
People are poor, mostly dependent on subsistence agriculture Mother and infant mortality is the highest in Indonesia
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
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The Eco Flores vision Eco-Flores is about sharing, supporting and creating transparency and insight. It is about connecting people and offering information for all. It is about giving: about sharing experience and expertise for the benefit or others. It is about joining forces cross-sector and cross-district borders. All topics are inter-related, we look with a bird-eye view and initiatives require a holistic approach. founder Nina van Toulon
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As founder Nina van Toulon says: “Eco-Flores is about sharing, supporting and creating transparency and insight. It is about connecting people and offering information for all. It is about giving: about sharing experience and expertise for the benefit of others. It is about joining forces across sectors and across district borders. Since all issues are interrelated, we look with a birds-eye view and initiatives require a holistic approach. According to research by John Kania & Mark Kramer published in Stanford Social Innovation Review Winter 2011 ‘Organizations have attempted to solve social problems by collaboration for decades without producing many results. The vast majority of these efforts lack the elements of success that enable collective impact initiatives to achieve a sustained alignment of efforts. Shifting from isolated impact to collective impact is not merely a matter of encouraging more collaboration or public private partnerships. It requires a systemic approach to social impact that focuses on the relationships between organizations and the progress toward shared objectives. And it requires the creation of a new set of non-profit management organizations that have the skills and resources to assemble and coordinate the specific elements necessary for collective action to succeed. Research shows that successful collective impact initiatives typically have five conditions that together produce true alignment and lead to powerful results: • • • • •
A common agenda, Shared measurement systems, Mutually reinforcing activities, Continuous communication, Backbone support organizations.
(Winter 2011 • Stanford Social Innovation Review page 39) To establish this alignment for these five conditions we facilitated this congress. This was a first step ” In other words, Eco Flores Foundation aims to catalyze a dialogue between stakeholders in order to faciliate collective actions and to develop a long term vision for the sustainable development of Flores. EFF initiates and facilitates partnerships in efforts for the sustainable development of Flores. As such its mission is defined as follows:
•
Define sustainability issues on Flores at present and in the foreseeable future
•
Identify local and international initiatives working for the sustainability of Flores
•
Facilitate cooperation and the sharing of expertise in some of, but not limited to the following ways: publicize local sustainability initiatives and funding needs on the Eco Flores website; connect local sustainability initiatives and projects in similar areas of work; and connect sustainability efforts across Flores to foster the sharing of experiences, resources, and best practices.
Flores is poor. It has an invaluable environment but little resources. Tourism is thus seen as an important source of economic development. However, tourism does not come without a price. The main concern of EFF is the issue of sustainability The World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), defined sustainable development as “development which meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. The concept supports strong economic and social development, in particular for people with a low standard of living. At the same time it underlines the importance of protecting the natural resource base and the environment. Economic and social well-being cannot be improved with measures that destroy the environment. Intergenerational solidarity is also crucial: all development has to take into account its impact on the opportunities for future generations. For Flores this implies the need to improve well being, alleviating poverty, without sacrificing the environment and culture on which tourism depends. Two issues are of particular concern. Water supply and mining. Although there are exceptions, in general throughout Flores, there is a shortage of water both for drinking and for agriculture. Many projects to alleviate this problem have been implemented but the success rate in terms of sustainable operation is questionable. Mining already has caused negative impacts. Indeed, as one guestspeaker pointed out, mining in Flores should be the last option, mining should be regarded as the last alternative if not be excluded.
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Communal Learning Workshop A full day Collective Social Learning (CSL)workshop was held on the first day of the Congress. The workshop was hosted by a local school and the community involved in the day worked tirelessly to start creating a common vision and identify collaborative actions for the individuals involved to take forward after the event. The CSL methodology was developed by Professor Valerie A. Browne from the Fenner School of Environment and Society at the Australian National University. Professor Browne says of Collective Social Learning: “Human-caused changes to the planet have led to worldwide social and environmental disruption. Many of the changes so produced are wicked problems: that is, problems which lie outside the current capacity of the society to resolve them. Resolving such problems requires comprehensive social change. This in turn calls for collaboration among the multiple knowledges into which Western thinking has become divided: individual, community, specialised, organisational and holistic ways of thinking. The global dominance of Western specialised knowledge acts as a barrier to the collective social learning involving multiple knowledges needed for significant change. It also blocks non-Western countries from accessing their own local knowledge. The collective social learning pattern seeks to realign the multiple knowledges in a way that allows for collective thinking and collaborative practice. A metapattern takes the form of a spiral of active intervention that brings the knowledges together on equal terms at each of the four stages of the social learning cycle. Each of the knowledges is a pattern in itself. Each of the learning stage requires an integrative process linking the patterns. As a coordinating framework, the collective social learning pattern combines the multiple knowledges in answering each of the questions in turn: What should be? (sharing ideals); What is? (establishing facts); What could be? (creative ideas); and What can be? (collaborative action).”
Λ photographer Courtesy Leonardus Nyoman
The workshop was facilitated by Nigel Grier an experienced facilitator of CSL with support from Gavin Ryan and Marius Saridin. The event was held in both Bahasa Indonesia and English. Gavin Ryan wrote of the day: “As an artist who’s self-assigned artistic mission is to hold up a mirror to a society rapidly hurtling down the dead-end highway towards a very bleak future, I don’t often see tangible signposts pointing in the opposite direction. I don’t often see signs of hope that we might achieve the collective shift in consciousness necessary
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before it’s all too late, but I saw one such sign today. And I was fortunate enough to be part of it. I saw people from all sorts different backgrounds, agendas, nationalities, races and religions come together and find unity and common purpose in a commitment to save something special to all of them. I was part of a Collective Social Learning conducted by Nigel Grier on the Indonesian island of Flores as part of the Eco Flores Congress, a bringing together of all the individual groups of local stakeholders and NGOs who have some interest in the sustainable future of this wonderful patch of paradise. There, in a field, in a school, under a specially erected tent I saw a process unfold whereby barriers of language and difference of opinion and priority were overcome, through clear communication and a structured sequence of actions, to achieve a really meaningful deepening of connection that will add up to all sorts of positive outcomes for the future. In my art I try to shine a light on aspects of our collective dysfunction and the endless irrational, self-destructive cycles and patterns we are all stuck in, to reveal the underlying evolutionary motivations that drive it all and to try and point the way forward towards a conscious transcendence of that destiny. Such a transcendence was implicit in what I waspart of today. I saw a general lessening of ego and a magnification of the oneness that underlies all our differences… I saw a communal freeing of the imagination in the quest to uncover new synergies and solutions to common problems… I saw individuals overcoming blocks and learn new ways of seeing things and saying things… I saw openness overcoming closure… I saw fresh ideas replacing dogma and resistance… I saw new relationships and partnerships and co-operation arising. A small shift in the grand scheme of things but profound in it’s promise for a better tomorrow. My involvement was to bring whatever guidance I could to the first phase of the process whereby all participants are encouraged to make a graphical representation of “What should be?” … to let their minds free and come up with the most idealistic and fantastical leaps of imagination of which they are able.” As the Collective Social Learning process is transformative, the community can be greatly supported and energised through further workshop processes, it gets easier, more fun and most importantly more effective with each turn of the learning spiral therefore it is intended to make this a regular event for the Eco Flores network!
Communal Learning Workshop
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The Eco Flores Congress To create a more solid structure, the Eco Flores Foundation hosted its first congress in Labuan Bajo, 26 to 29 of September 2012. Some 150 participants, international as well as local, united through their shared interest in the development of Flores, gathered to share knowledge and experience in support of the sustainable development of Flores. The objective of the Congress was first of all to share knowledge and experience in support of the sustainable development of Flores. Sustainability is understood to cover social, economic and environmental aspects of well being. The congress was also to serve as a process to identify priorities, strengths and weaknesses of the foundation and its members. To facilitate the process, participants were divided into several working groups: Disaster Risk Reduction, Community Development, Health, Agriculture, Tourism, Water and Waste management, Marine management, and Nature Conservation and Forestry. There were no working groups on Education and Preservation of Cultural Heritage: these topics were integrated into various other working groups. The aim was also to have working groups on Women’s Empowerment and on Energy. We were not able to form these groups in September. A side note about Energy: in preparation for the congress we were not able to find local initiatives involved in renewable energy solutions. Meanwhile we have found an NGO willing to enter Flores with a biogas project. As a side note about Women’s Empowerment: Over the past year we have been able to connect and form a group for Eco Flores Congress 2013. The expected results of the congress were: • •
Lunch during workshop was catered by students of the local Tourism School
• • •
Defining sustainability issues on Flores at present and in the foreseeable future Indentify which expertise is present on Flores and whether such expertise can be used in other locations on Flores Define needs and gaps Define action plans Discuss the future role of the Eco Flores network.
On the right page we present the highlights of the conference:
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1 Guest-speakers To provide background and context, 4 guest speakers presented their views on development in Flores. Dr Sonny Keraf, (minister of environment 1999-2001) expressed the need for a people centered and community based development. In this vision, resources are controlled by the people and the role of the government is to provide infrastructure, easy access to credit, technology and training. NGOs and the church would provide facilitation with the private sector providing support through employment. Through his talk, Dr Keraf discussed the potential of the leisure industry and eco-tourism but also the destructive impacts of mining. The mining industry is still small but growing and, as is the case in most places in Indonesia, provides little sustainable benefit to local people. He emphasized that in his opinion mining in Flores should be the last option, mining should be regarded as the last alternative if not to be excluded. Dr Jatna Supriatna is a respected conservation warrior, pioneer of conservation biology at The University of Indonesia and the National University in Jakarta and since 2004 the driving force for Conservation International activities in Indonesia. In his presentation he talked about Indonesia as the hotspot of biodiversity and Flores as the hottest hotspot due to its location in the Wallacea region, the transition area between the Sunda and Sahul continental shelves. He highlighted the potential but also the challenges of eco-tourism and warned about the possibility of overuse and the high costs of providing necessary facilities, infrastructure and services. His vision on development is applying science based spatial/land use planning in establishing a rights based and green economy. Included in this vision is the development of alternative livelihood options using re-greening and adding value to locally produced handicraft and green products through branding and re-packaging. Branding and re-packaging should also be applied to the design, destination management, and the hospitality aspects of eco tourism. The third speaker, Dr Agustinus Bandur is a native of Flores who is now a lecturer at the Center for Research and Community Development, University Persada Indonesia in Jakarta. His talk focussed on the need to overcome the crisis in education and how to adjust education to the needs globalization. The fourth guest speaker was Dr Maribeth Erb, associate professor at the National University of Singapore. Dr Erb is a well known expert on Flores and Eco Flores Report of a congress 15
has a long history of anthropological and sociological research in the area. Most recently she has studied the development tourism. Her talk focussed on the question of whether Sustainable Tourism is actually possible. She highlighted the ‘dissonance of tourism’, where tourists come to seek unspoiled nature and unchanging culture, while on the other hand local people yearn for development and change. Tourism might make development possible but through this process might in fact destroy the environment and culture that tourists seek. If not planned well, it might also leave local people dissatisfied, since the prosperity they seek often remains elusive, since tourism developments, such as in Bali, result in many locals selling land and afterwards struggling for existence. In Western Flores, near Labuan Bajo loss of land to wealthy investors has already become a controversial issue. She voiced the concern that Flores should not go the road of Bali. It is not Bali and should not try to emulate Bali, although local government tourism officials often look to Bali for their inspiration and goals in developing tourism on Flores. Flores instead needs to design its own development based on its own characteristics and needs, and should instead learn from Bali’s mistakes. Thus Sustainable Development needs to be seen as development without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The fifth guest speaker was Y.W Junardy, president of Indonesia Global Compact network, President Commissioner P.T. Rajawali Corporation and advisor of the Yayasan Komodo Kita organization which is working on the development of the Komodo national park. In his talk he presented figures on different aspects of the economy, highlighting the dire condition of NTT and Flores compared to Indonesia and the world. While there are lots of opportunities, there is also a big challenge in human capital and leadership which constrains the actual potential. He further explained different aspects of developing sustainable business including collaboration among stakeholders, branding and positioning of eco-tourism destinations and ended with an explanation on the Global Compact and its uses.
2 Working Groups To facilitate more focused discussion, participants were divided into several working groups. Each working group had an assigned facilitator and over the course of three days were given the task to: assess challenges, needs and issues; identify gaps and strategies; and develop some action plans.
2.1 Working Group on Tourism and Eco-Tourism Moderators in Working Group on Tourism and Eco-Tourism I : Maribeth Erb, Department of Sociology National University of Singapore and Adi Soenarno, CEO of Destination Management Organisation of Flores Moderator Working Group on Tourism and Eco-Tourism II : Ruedi Nuetzi, Project Manager Swisscontact
Results for each group are summarized below. With few alternatives, the tourist industry is considered a driving force for economic development in Flores. Already a high level of investment has occurred; most visible are the big hotels in Labuan Bajo. However, most benefits accrue to the outsiders who invested big and little goes to local communities, which do not have capital. There is also little consideration for environmental impacts such as too many visitors on Komodo island and the national park, limited water supply in Labuan Bajo, waste and waste water management. Nevertheless tourism and eco-tourism is seen as a promising easy source of income for local communities. Dr Jatna Supriatna named it the ‘real payment for environmental services’.
With more than $2.4 billion dollars earned per day, tourism is now the world’s largest industry, capturing 10% of the global economy. Destination Flores: tourism paying for environmental services. From the presentation by Dr Jatna Supriatna, September 27
Swisscontact has been actively working to promote a more sustainable/responsible development of tourism in Flores. Like all outside funded donor projects this raises questions such as, have all
stakeholders understood the work of Swisscontact or is this regarded as “third party” interest only? what will happen if/when Swisscontact moves away?; Who will continue this work? Who will find eco-tourism destinations? Answers to these questions need to come from the region and requires involvement of various parties. As many of the foreign participants at the congress had come to Flores originally as tourists, interest in discussing these issues was high and participants were divided in two groups. One group was facilitated by Dr Maribeth Erb who has made a study on the subject over the past years. Another group was facilitated by Ruedi Nuetzi who is leading the Swisscontact Wisata project on development of tourist destination management . The differences in background are reflected by the results. While the more academic approach highlighted concerns about the potential negative impacts and the need to ensure that benefits accrue to local communities, the other group highlighted issues of human capital to organize tourism. Both groups concluded that raising awareness and improving skills through training and education should be part of any action plan. Regardless of this project issue, the discussions highlighted several components of tourism which need to be considered: local people, their skills and capability to gain and take advantage of benefits: the tourists, their needs; tourism operators, coordination and governance issues; and the potential environmental and cultural impact. A warning repeated throughout the Congress was that Labuan Bajo is not, should not and wishes not to be Bali. To take advantage of potential employment in the growing tourist ‘industry’, the government as well as private actors have established schools for tourism
A final talk was presented by his Excellency David Taylor, ambassador for New Zealand in Indonesia. He emphasized the similar experiences of New Zealand and Flores in the reliance on and development of tourism and shared lessons learned in New Zealand. He promised future support and closed with some thoughts on a possible Kiwi-Komodo partnership.
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and hotel management in almost all larger towns of Flores. However, the curriculum and focus is often not adapted to local conditions and geared to the large scale capital intensive business of large hotels and operators. As a result, graduates are employed as low skill staff only and few make it into management. One action point is therefore an assessment of the needs of the tourism industry in Flores. Number one clear need already identified is the need for coordination and collaboration among the many stakeholders. Governments need to be more involved in regulating and preventing negative impacts. Many see the need for a Flores wide tourism master plan including spatial planning and involving all kabupaten and private operators as well as communities. Meanwhile, community involvement needs to be encouraged. Collaborative management, strengthening village and adat institutions, developing a concept of tourist village and perhaps most importantly providing (understandable) information. Number two - and equally important as the previous need - is to convince the local governments and also the local population of the potential of-and the need for the development of Tourism. It is unquestionable that the natural and cultural assets of Flores to support the development of tourism are huge. However, the fact is that none of Flores eight Kebupaten put the development of Tourism as number one priority regarding allocation of budget. There is no “one voice” expressing the need to have an International Airport, international standard hospital or other practical standard infrastructure that supports the tourism industry. It still seems very difficult to unify all stakeholders on Flores in expressing a common view regarding the promotion of the destination. Lacking in these discussions is the voice of local guides. In places such as Labuan Bajo and Moni, competition of guides is high and tourists are often mobbed by people wanting to be hired. Labuan Bajo is known to be the ‘wild west’ because of this.
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We need to think how to improve organizing these guides, develop codes of conduct. In Labuan Bajo there is a Tour Guide Association.In general, tourism development also requires a business point of view. The government has determined 50 top destinations/objects in Flores and needs to not only promote these but also develop them to fulfill tourist needs without compromising their value. Further details from the discussion are included in the appendix.
2.2 Working group on Water and Waste Management Moderator: Pam Minnigh, Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation Consultant The working group on water and waste faced the fact that water as well as waste are both elementary and of major importance for the development of Flores, but the issues and mechanisms concerned are very different. The group has explored both issues, but problems related to waste became a focus, since(mis) management is very visible, especially in Labuan Bajo, and it has become a major hindrance in daily life and in particular with regard to tourism. An explosive growth of towns like Labuan Bajo over the last 2-3 years, but a lack of awareness, responsibility and commitment of individuals as well as institutions regarding waste, results in poorly managed and mostly ignored waste and waste related problems. On the other hand this situation has triggered several initiatives, among others the ‘Bank Sampah’, the “Koperasi Sampah”, and the Plastic Man Institute, whereby collection and selection of waste can generate cash for local people.
the living conditions, in particular in towns like Labuan Bajo. •
The increased water need for tourism is not considered. The availability of water through the surrounding water sources is not known, as monitoring is fairly absent , there is no mapping and no sustainable planning based on trustworthy data. Therefore it is not possible to balance water for rural and urban areas, for private households and businesses. As a result, it is not clear how much water is actually available for the tourism industry, which absorbs significantly high amounts of liters per person and will demand more and more water from the area.
•
Related to water availability--the quantity as yielded by the sources-- is that there is no coordination between projects and institutions. Many plan and/or implement water related projects and programs but their data are not shared, in particular on availability and usage of water, which makes area-wide planning impossible.
•
Community based management of water systems is weak. Though many projects have and are promoting community based water supply systems, their sustainability is doubtful, since more than half of the constructed systems cease to function after 1-2 years. There is a lack of awareness, involvement and ownership with regard to the systems put in place, and there is no safety net to support community management efforts and improve the capacity of the management groups and the service level of the systems. Management of water systems is not only an institutional, but also a financial and technical matter, and for basically voluntary organizations it is hard to keep them running.
•
There no clear standard for drinking water and contaminated water, though officially there is.
The working group identified a large number of issues (see Annex I) and after the discussions they were graded in terms of their importance to the group members at this point in time. The main concerns that were identified concentrated on the following issues: In the field of Water and Waste Water it was indicated that: •
There is no planning for waste water management. Overall it seems that waste water, including urban drainage and storm water is not managed and it is not even clear how big the problem really is. Roles and responsibilities are lacking and as a result only ad hoc activities and projects are organized, which do not considerably improve
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However, laboratory facilities and human resources are needed to find out the state of the water, and hereafter the government has to react with measures and/or sanctions if contamination has been found. Standards are not known, the use of laboratory facilities is limited and they cannot be accessed by non-governmental organizations nor individuals, and no effective enforcement of existing rules and regulations is in place.
waste water is mostly considered an individual responsibility, but when this responsibility is not considered, it is the government who has to step in, with existing rules and regulations. Though efforts are made, it lacks an overall solution, and the way water management is organized is not sustainable at present. •
There is a lack of awareness on roles of stakeholders, as there are many involved in waste management. The garbage pickers at the bottom of the chain play an important role in the first selection and recycling of waste. Individuals and groups already are collecting and recycling waste in many places, without rules, regulations or a mandate. It was indicated that respect for the different roles those groups and individuals already have, such as collection and recycling, will be instrumental in the development of a sustainable waste management network.
•
Rehabilitation of open dumping is necessary since many existing dumping sites are a hazard to
In the field of Waste and Waste management it was indicated that: •
littering / dumping is done indiscriminatively by individuals, NGO’s, institutions, businesses. It is not felt as basic wrong doing, and the awareness about the impact on the environment including individual’s own living condition is still limited. Whereas it can also be observed that many people just do not care.
•
The role of government related to waste management is neither evident nor clear. Waste and
the environment, and the public health. Lack of proper management, operation and maintenance has made these dumps uncontrolled and often dangerous places. Rehabilitation including management of these dumps is a priority in cleaning up polluted areas and providing safe dumping places for the future. •
The concept of ‘waste bank’ and ‘waste cooperatives’ is not well understood although there are already examples. The Plastic Man Institute has indicated that collection and recycling is already delivering cash for waste in Flores. However, the concept needs to be further spread to get more people involved, so residual waste will become considerably less. Places where people can bring their waste, as well as businesses which buy and sell waste in Flores and beyond, need to be known so the network can work well even in remote areas in Flores.
Action Points
Education, awareness, advocacy
- Developing common principles Short-term 2013 and messages - Training & practice on managing Long-term 2017 waste, waste water and clean water - Developing TOT & facilitators - Special action days (E.g clean up the world,etc) - Special training on bank sampah/ koperasi sampah – bahan - Identifying the waste and recycling networks - Preparing tools and equipment for waste separation
Short-term 2013
Establishing a network/partnership for waste management
- Identify stakeholders in waste water management - Establishing the waste network - Sharing best practices
Short-term 2013
Establishing a Clean Up Brigade
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- Set-up of a Clean Up Brigade (like a voluntary fire brigade)
One of the main issues, which was also raised in the working group of tourism, is that conservation and forestry is perceived to have no direct benefit to local communities (and to the local government). As said, nature conservation and forestry is seen as the domain of the government and in the case of national parks, of the central government. There is thus not only a lack of civil society engagement, but a lack of local government engagement.
Time line
Establishment of the Waste Bank/ Waste Cooperation as an alternative
Long-term 2017
Although eco-tourism is the business of selling nature, there was little interest in this topic. Clearly, there is more marine tourism, rather than eco-tourism, focused more on the marine environment than forested areas. As well, nature conservation and forestry are the least tangible of the topics promoted in the congress compared to the more tangible issues of waste, lack of water and ecotourism itself. There are also issues of tenure, the facts that forestry and nature conservation is in the hands of the government, which is still reluctant to share and does not lend easily to individual actions. Nature and forest conservation requires collective action by civil society. The working group was consequently small (7 persons) and lost half of its members after the first day. The three remaining members therefore joined other groups. However, the first day did have some preliminary outputs.
A short overview of the Actions proposed were:
Proposed Solution
2.3 Working Group on Nature Conservation and Forestry Moderator: Moira Moeliono, Senior Associate Forest and Governance Program Center for International Forestry Research
The Spider in the Web of WASTE in Flores:
• Further details from the discussion are included in the appendix.
Some suggested action points were: Awareness campaign to engage civil society (might be good to link with the other campaigns: conservation and water; if Flores loses its characteristic forest and biodiversity its value for tourism will diminish)
Long-term 2017
Long-term 2017
Eco Flores Report of a congress 21
•
•
•
Link the campaign to livelihood issues and if possible to livelihood activities already under way (Birdlife in Mbeliling; Rainforest Alliance in Bajawa and mid Manggarai; activities in and around Komodo national parks) and involve adat communities Build a scientific data base (in the sense of collecting all available information and persuade everybody working in Flores to share data) Engage civil society in working towards an agreement of all 8 Bupati in Flores on how to approach forestry and nature conservation (since ecotourism and tourism and in fact all development activities can benefit from cooperation between all 8 kabupaten, this might be linked to these issues)
It was discussed who should do this since it is not known how individual small actions in forestry and nature conservation might led to an 8 bupati agreement. Indeed, this discussion is far from finished and needs more thought and commitment. Future development in Flores might hinge on the spatial/ landuse planning and a Flores wide plan needs to be developed, as was also discussed in the tourism group, a Flores Master Plan for tourism development. Again this requires the cooperation of all 8 kabupaten and can include all topics of interest from Ecoflores.
2.4 Working Group on Marine Management Moderator : Michael Guilbeaux , Advisor at Locally Managed Marine Area Network The Marine environment is one of the main tourist attractions/destinations in Flores, as well as a source of food and income for local residents. Komodo National Park, while centered on the islands of Komodo and Rinca, is in large part marine, and this is a prominent and influential feature of Western Flores. Beyond the park boundaries, the sea is dotted by small coral islands. However the Park, its biodiversity, and surrounding marine and coastal environments have been subject to an increasing level of threats in recent decades. Overfishing and the use of destructive fishing practices has left fish populations reduced and once healthy habitats damaged. It is the coral environment and diving opportunities which made Labuan Bajo a tourism destination. Thus far little efforts have been carried out to establish a coordinated program of ‘sustainable’ and/- or ‘responsible’ tourism which considers also the potential environmental impact and the impact on local communities. The diagram above outlines relationships between some of the topics discussed. Of all these topics, the Marine Working Group focused on the following subjects: 1
1996 IUCN Redlist: Threatened Bird Species: Total Number of Species in Megadiversity Countries (12) on this list = 833. The highest number - 104 species - are in Indonesia.
22 Eco Flores Report of a congress
Ocean Debris/ Plastic Waste The most visible impact of development (and tourism) is the amount of garbage produced. Plastic garbage is especially a problem and when trash is thrown in the sea it can cause damage to the coral and is problematic for the fishermen. Solving the problem needs cooperation with the harbor master as well as awareness raising of fishermen, the surrounding communities, as well as tourists and tourist guides. If, as is the case in Labuan Bajo, an existing waste management institution, the Plasticman Institute, has emerged, efforts should be linked to these.
2
Lack of Alternative Livelihood (Resulting from: Overfishing/ Destruction of Fisheries This was recognized as a fundamental problem but for the present requires further analysis and feasibility studies of alternatives.
3
Fishing by outsiders This problem can be divided into fishing for commercial purposes by outsiders, usually carrying sophisticated equipment and fishing for recreation from the many diving boats. The effective
control of both will require more government involvement and action: clear regulations, monitoring and enforcement. Details identifying needs, action points and outcome are presented in the appendix.
Permitting Issues
Refresh Zoning/ Management Rules: For easier understanding and compliance
Problems with Control/Regulation
Outside Fishers Overfishing / Destructive Fishing
Zoning Problems (limits fishing options
Lack of Effective Enforcement Damage to Coral from Fishing Practices and Anchors
Education and Awareness Too many Divers in the park
Lack of information (from agencies)
Terrestrial Based Threats (erosion, pollution)
Other Species / Habitats
Lack of Awareness (of residents)
Lack of Coordination (among agencies)
Promote / support Alternative Income
Fish Declining Populations Coral Damage / Health
Networking - Sharing
Advocacy: Develop Coalition of NGO’s/ Private Sector to amplify pressure
Flores Environment Sustainable
Climate Change Bureaucracy Problems
Lack of Consultation Engagement with Local Community
Sharing / cooperation
“Off-shore” Live-aboard Boats /
Not Enough (alternative) Income
Flores Socio-economic Issues
Marine Debris / Plastic Waste
Large Cruise Ships Access to Land for Agriculture (suggested for displaced residents)
Illustration Diagram
Eco Flores Report of a congress 23
Livelihood Attractive Destination
2.5 Working Group on Community Development Moderators: Irene Doubrawa, Institute for History of Art, Building Archaeology and Restoration, Vienna University of Technology Agustinus Bandur, Director of Community Planning and Research at Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP) in Ruteng Community Development is of high interest to many and the focus of many NGOs participating in the congress. However, the participants came from widely diverse backgrounds and the discussion was somewhat difficult after the identification of issues became seemingly insurmountable. After much discussion 5 top priority issues were selected: 1
2
3
Value chain of agricultural products (does not benefit the community) Although the global price of products such as vanilla and coffee is quite high, farmers receive barely more than the costs of production. Access to the market is limited and trade beyond the boundaries of the village goes to a long hierarchy of traders. Women situation – patriarchal system Although already changing in urbanized centers, generally women in Flores are at a disadvantage. They do not have their own property and are still often seen as the property of men. Often families do not see the benefit in educating female children as they will be ‘given away’ at marriage. Money oriented (passive) mentality caused by money oriented projects (profit > benefits)
Throughout Flores, social links have been maintained through gift exchange. With the advent of the cash economy, gifts are now translated into cash. Exchange of labor has also shifted towards paid labor. As a result, people expect to be paid for everything.
24 Eco Flores Report of a congress
The motivation of people for participating in projects often depends more on money than on considering the benefits for the community. Lack of information and skills (soft skills � hard skills) – education (?) Good education certainly is a key element in community development, since many people lack the skills to successfully improve their living standard. One of the reasons why trainings targeting hard skills do not lead to success is the decision-making process within communities in Flores. Usually only one or two people, who possess a high status within the community, speak for the other people, which means that the majority of the community is not involved in the process of decision making. This results in a lack of knowledge about the importance of certain issues or the benefits of certain trainings. Thus it is exceedingly important that trainings begin by targeting soft skills, such as adapting the decision-making process or communicating the benefits of partnerships, to make way to successful projects that increase the hard skills.Politics and development – policy issues – distribution of power The traditional hierarchical system keeps power within the elite and access is often indirectly through the influential persons one knows. While the policy of first approaching the “right” people within a community has to be respected, the whole community has to be included after the first approach. On a higher political level the communities need a stronger (law-based) position when approaching politicians. In truth, too many development projects have been and are implemented to solve these and other persistent issues. There have been general and specific training programs for men and women, field schools, extension work, water supply projects and regreening projects, marketing projects and many others under the heading of community empowerment. Why is it not working?
How can Eco-Flores make a difference? The discussion raised the issue that for the time being agriculture remains the main source of livelihood for people in Flores. Currently, it is mainly for subsistence and there is little drive to grow crops for the market. As said, gaining access to the market outside the village is a problem. As Swiss-Contact shows there is need to help people to find the market and help the market know that the people and their products are there. People also have to appreciate what they are selling and often this needs to be shown by outsiders: e.g. cocoa and its taste is a product.
The group’s final message was that empowerment means the community organizes itself and works together to achieve their goals. For this they need information and education rather than projects. The notes of discussion groups can be found in the appendix.
Another issue raised was the lack of community participation in all development efforts. It is suggested that the lack of attention to soft skills development (decision making processes, partnership building) is hampering the uptake of hard skills (growing organic vegetables, road building). To solve the 5 identified issues, the group suggested further training in specific skills such as business planning, post harvest technologies, as well as leadership skills. Helping farmers organize to do collective marketing and or getting certified was also mentioned but not further discussed. In the end no action plans could be developed as community development was too general and the people came from too many different backgrounds. However, the group suggested that the Eco-Flores Network Organization is in an excellent position to further develop a better understanding of community development as the big picture seems to be missing; it can provide information through building links directly to communities and promote better collaboration among NGOs, cooperatives, communities, government etc.
Eco Flores Report of a congress 25
2.6 Working Group on Agriculture Moderators:Aholiab Aoetpah, MRurSc, Lecturer at Feed Technology Study Program,State Agricultural Polytechnic of Kupang Tarsis Hurmali, Director Ayo Indonesia, Ruteng The working group on Agriculture was facilitated by Tarsi Hurmali, director of the NGO Ayo Indonesia. Ayo Indonesia is a well established NGO with a long experience in community development projects. Their focus has been on water supply, road building and agriculture. They are promoting organic farming which is reflected in the direction the discussion took. The discussion kicked off with the question of whether organic farming is for the sake of foreign tourists or is it for natives as well and whether the focus is on organic farming or agriculture in general. However, problems faced in organic farming are also hampering general agriculture. Technical problems are: low productivity due to high salinity or lack of water or lack of quality seeds, lack of skills in post-harvest treatment and processing. Structural problems: little diversification; lack of access to the market and the long market/value chain; lack of information and skills about alternatives to chemical fertilizers. As well, there is no pride in being a farmer as society’s appreciation is low. Additional concerns are the threat of extinction of local varieties as they are being replaced by ‘modern’ varieties which are often easier to grow and produce a higher yield. There is as yet no appreciation for the better taste of local varieties as is the case in urban centers of Java, nor is there an understanding of how to improve quality for better pricing. Indeed often the extra effort to improve quality is not worth the price it gains.
is converted for tourism use and or forest. As a result, there is not enough (good) land for agriculture.
2.7 Working Group on Health Moderator: Dr. Maria Goretti, Lela Hospital Sikka
As in the case of community development, the issues are chronic and despite the decades of projects have still not been solved. Indeed the many projects have created a dependence on outside intervention. While some projects have been successful, often farmers have no motivation to continue on their own.
It is sad but true that Flores is known for the highest rate of mother and infant mortality. In addition, child nutrition is bad and Malaria, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, HIV Aids and TB are rampant. This tragic picture has become a concern of many. The NGO Caritas is developing programs to solve the problem, together with the NGO ACCESS.
The group thinks therefore that there is need for education and training, including training in shifting to different products, and intensification. As well they call for a service to provide information and support to help organize farmer’s cooperatives and associations; and to establish a seed bank in each district. The detailed table of discussion points is appended.
A good coordination and collaboration between all sectors, both government and non-government is needed. Since the project proponents are part of the group, the discussion was more focussed and the result was a quite detailed action plan. The main thrust of the program is improving health services throughout the health institutional framework as shown in the diagram presented at the final day of the Congress. Shown is the target group, the people at the bottom, with the 5 targets: 1. improving mother-infant health; 2. Improving nutrition; 3. Improving medical services; 4. Establishing operational rules; and 5. improving sanitation and hygiene. The diagram shows parallel structures of government on the right and church on the left linked to collaborative efforts in improving health facilities and services.
2.8 Working group on Disaster Risk Management Moderator: Nikolaus Salo, board member of YLPM-Bangwita Foundation Maumere Based on the big picture of the Eco-Flores Congress “How can Eco-Flores Trigger and inspire sustainable development in Flores” the working group on Disaster Risk Management started the discussion with identifying the issues or problems faced by Flores people. Principally, there were five aspects that are involved in the DRM domain. These aspects were social – culture – politics, economy, infrastructures, ecology and human resource. At the session of issue or problem identification, the group focused on these five aspects (the results are attached in Appendix I). The methods of discussion were brain-storming, role play, small group discussion, and presentation. The discussion was really participative and also included a gender perspective. In addition, the group discussed the action plan. The group highlighted the issue of human resource development as the main factor in order to overcome disaster risk in Flores areas (the results are attached). Moreover, the group discussed the strategies and resources available as the tools for realizing the mentioned issues and/or problems, including role distributions, as General Coordinator and Region coordinators (the results are attached).
The group also discussed the issue of land use. In general land in Flores is not highly fertile but with the right treatment can produce well. However, conversion to other uses is also high and usually the best land
26 Eco Flores Report of a congress
Eco Flores Report of a congress 27
The ‘Market Place’ During Day 3 all participants were given the opportunity to present their special “wares” that they hope to market. Many participants consequently opened a booth showing and selling different products from organic vegetables to “Junk Art”, necklaces and other products from recycled materials as well as nice jams and honey. Other booths presented information on local initiatives such as the program on health and the Home Stay idea. Overall it was a lively and diverse “market place” and a good place to continue with the networking for Flores, the basic idea of this ECOFlores conference.
28 Eco Flores Report of a congress
Eco Flores Report of a congress 29
30 Eco Flores Report of a congress
Eco Flores Report of a congress 31
Action Plans Each working group developed a specific working plan for the group, although it was often not clear who is actually going to implement these plans. In some groups, plans applied to participants already involved in the particular action. For example: Yayasan Komodo Kita and Swiss Contact on tourism management and Community Development , AYO Indonesia on Agriculture development; Joint stake holders from all districts and cross-sectors on improving Health And Waste Management. In these cases, action plans applied or were linked to existing programs. The EFF, being a networking organization is in an excellent position to support action plans on 1
Awareness Raising and Advocacy in Sanitation, Health, and Environmental protection
2
Capacity Building, training and education
3
Networking and coordination of initiatives
These three were mentioned in all working groups as both a challenge and a need. The congress also triggered initiatives for actions requiring the network- and coordination function of the EFF. Over the past year EFF organization has actively worked to get the underneath listed initiatives going. In all efforts EFF has an hand-on approach and uses out-of-box creative thinking in finding useful connections for each initiative :
1
Support for emerging small scale business networks Here the idea is to support local communities fishing and farming - to set up a homestays linked through and advertising through a network. Linked to this could be efforts to revive traditional weaving of Ikat and organic farming. This involves issues as - Land rights and ownership - Gender issues and considerations - Community coaching about positive interaction with tourists - Carrying capacity - Social Cohesion - Integrating tourism into a mixed economy: link to agriculture, craft development and Preservation of Cultural Heritage- Interpretation of identity, language, culture and traditions - Equitable relationships, marketing and support : e.g. Internet access - Hygiene: Water and sanitation – Waste Management - Security Multi-stakeholder communications have been initiated by EFF with: Yayasan Komodo Kita, Tour Guide Association, Moira Moeliono, Pam Minnigh, Plasticman Institute, SNV(BIRU), Profs Stroma Cole and Anthonie Nankervis, Swisscontact, Irene Doubrawa, Lamalera community (Lembata), Ayo Indonesia. This group of stakeholders is expanding as we progress. Planning and actions: Initial community training in October 2013 in Bajawa by Prof. Stroma Cole. Concept is being developed.
3
Eco Flores Waste Management Initiative EFF initiated and facilitated a multi-stakeholder meeting October 2012 in Ruteng. This involves companies Air Ruteng and Unilever Jakarta, waste management experts of Plasticman Institute, Swisscontact and Bappeda Ende (VSO), government representatives of various Kebupaten, Bali Audax, Sail Indonesia Planning and actions: joint awareness campaign during sports event for maximum press coverage: Flores AUDAX and Sail Komodo. Monthly sloth at local radio stations. 4
HIV/AIDS awareness EFF initiated and facilitated a multi-stakeholder meeting on 15 December 2012 in Ruteng. Multi-stakeholders joined forces, KPA departments, Ayo Indonesia, Bajawa Health Department, NGO Yakkestra Maumere, Kupang Women Empowerment Department, Lela Hospital Dr. Maria Goretti, Ondine Francis of the Lynde Francis Trust Planning and actions: workshops – 3 x 3 days in Labuan Bajo, Maumere, Bajawa October 2013. Directed at HIV/AIDS patients, empowerment and prevention of further spreading.
5
Internet Access for All on Flores Finding solutions and attracting providers. Most communities can only access internet via telephone signal on smart phones. Schools do not have access to the world wide web and are deprived of up-todate information. Communities are willing to donate land to providers in order to raise signal poles. This might help attract providers, cutting down on investment. Action: communications with communities 6
Locally Managed Marine Area in Kampung Ujung – Labuan Bajo Since 2010 EFF has been lobbying for a community based managed marine area. In 2012 a multi-stakeholder initiative resulted in Zibiru (means deep water = sea = coastal area = open water). Involved: Fishing Community of Kampung Ujung, Local Government, Plasticman Institute, Support International (UK), Stella Maris Sea School, The Tree School project Eddy Bataona, Marij Aben – diving operation, Pater Marsel Agot, Ministry of Tourism and Creative Industry Planning and actions: supporting Kampung Ujung community, setting up a Marine Management Learning Centre in Stella Maris Sea School, volunteer program Support International.
2
The Komodo-Kiwi Network The various ideas and plans would require expertise and financial support. David Taylor, highlighted the similarity between Flores and new Zealand in terms of its dependency on tourism. New Zealand has a much longer experience with tourism and understands that tourism should be cross-sectorial and integrated, involving all stakeholders including local communities. Thus the idea for future exchanges of experience, information and knowledge through a Komodo-Kiwi network.
Λ photographer Courtesy Leonardus Nyoman
Planning and actions: EFF is working on Komodo -Kiwi logo to visualize- and continue cooperation.
32 Eco Flores Report of a congress
Eco Flores Report of a congress 33
Closing remarks Though not explicitly stated, the overall theme of the congress was sustainable development of the tourism industry. Recognizing the high potential for further tourism development there is also a rising concern that Labuan Bajo and Flores should not follow Bali’s development model. A vision for Flores is a more community based industry, more equitable sharing of benefits, and more consideration to environmental constraints and impacts as well as the care for cultural integrity. With this in mind, the Eco Flores congress was a big success, certainly in terms of defining issues, needs and gaps, networking, sharing of information, and triggering new ideas and also in terms of practical action plans. This congress is only the beginning. It laid the foundation for further cross-border and cross-sector cooperation, networking, for further development of ideas and further meetings. As such it served its goal in taking advantage of opportunities such as meeting Ibu Nafsiah Mboi minister of Health and Ibu Mari Elka minister of Tourism and Creative Industry by chance during the 100 year Catholic Church celebration in Ruteng. Both were quite positive and on top of Flores development. Eco Flores has already become the liaison in passing on information, such as the environmental problems in various Kabupaten (districts), involving cross-sector stakeholders and it has also triggered ideas such as the development of Flores Home Stays Network , HIV/AIDS Workshops and the Komodo-Kiwi network. This last one is of particular importance to learn how to learn from Bali so as to avoid the trap of practices that erode sustainabilty over time. The expertise and experience of New Zealand’s tourism industry could serve for Flores to face and overcome the threats and challenges such as are already evident in Lombok and Bali. As emerging from the discussions during the congress, EFF might be developing into a clearing house, where information is exchanged and shared. Yet there are still lots of things to be done. EFF needs to consolidate further. Action plans need to be developed further to explain goals, targets, funds and implementers. Some need to be developed further into concrete proposals.
34 Eco Flores Report of a congress
Words of thanks This first congress, as said, was a success in establishing the network and raising interest. However, networks need strengthening and maintenance. By unanimous vote participants requested a follow-up coming together again after one year. For this purpose, EFF is planning a second congress end-October 2013 in Bajawa, Ngada.
Silvester Deni, Eco Flores Management Board: “Eco Flores Congress was a very strategic meeting, bringing together people to share ideas on how to develop Flores in a sustainable fashion. We all certainly hope that good concepts will come out of this meeting and can be implemented.”
The Eco Flores Congress would not have been possible without our sponsors and without the continuous support of many volunteers . Organization of the congress: Zoe Pastorfield-Li, Chandra Novizal, Stefan Rafael, Emmy Hafild, Ferry Samosir and his team at Swissscontact, Ferdy Ampur, Jeanette van Oostrum, Marjon Tjia, Anouk & Loty van Toulon, Mirjam Balbi, Catherine Amsberg, Meghan Larson, Ondine Francis, Eugene Riawalujo, Tarsisius Hurmali, Marius Saridin and Silvester Deni. We also thank all moderators, key-note speakers and advisors for their guidance and inspiration: Sonny Keraf, Jatna Supriatna, David Taylor, Pak Junardy, Nigel Grier, Gavin Ryan, Michael Guilbeaux, Maria Goretti, Tarsisius Hurmali, Adi Soenarno, Agustinus Bandur, Asmor Aholiab Aoetpah, Twen Dato, Petrus Malo Bulu, Maribeth Erb, Irene Doubrawa, Ruedi Nuetzi, Tarsis Hurmali, Richard Roden, Niko Salo, Theodoor Bakker, Ricky S. Nazir, Moira Moeliono, Pam Minnigh and André van Heemstra. We thank also the Bupati of West Manggarai, Drs. Agustinus Ch Dula and Bupati of Manggarai Drs. Christian Rotok who open and closed the congress respectively. A big thanks to all volunteer translators who spent many hours on translating congress documents and web pages at www.ecoflores.org : Maksimus Doni, Kornelya Wells, Agnes Pranugrahaning, Frans Lajur, Herawaty, Marta Muslin, Konstantinus Nobal, Mega Anjar Sari Rahayu, Samantha Saskia. Thank you to Alwine van Heemstra, Françoise Guerrier and Elivia Shaw for documenting on video. Gratitude to Moira Moeliono and Pam Minnigh who donated their time for drafting this report.
David Taylor, ambassador of New Zealand, Nina Toulon, Pak Marius Saridin, Eco Flores Management Board and Pak Junardy, Chaiman UN Global Compact Indonesia and Eco Flores Advisor
And finally a big thank you to all involved in Eco Flores. In the two years running up to the congress countless communications with countless persons have taken place to form and consolidate the connections in Eco Flores network. As a result of this Eco Flores flourished and this generated a strong communal commitment to the sustainable development of Flores.
Eco Flores Report of a congress 35
APPENDIX APPENDIX I APPENDIX II APPENDIX III APPENDIX IV
Details of Discussion results from each working group. List and contact details of participants List of Eco Flores Foundation advisors List of sponsors of Eco Flores Congress September 2012
APPENDIX I
Details of Discussion results from each working group.
Working Group on Tourism and Ecotourism Group 1: facilitated by Maribeth Erb and Adi Soenarno ISSUES
CHALLENGES
ACTION PLAN
1
1 2 3
-
Development of tourism in Flores for the well being of its people
No understanding of tourism as an industry Loss of the Flores indentity No environmental awareness
-
Education and Training Developing a concept on ‘tourist village” managed by local communities Raising awareness
2
Safety and comfort in Flores tourism
Cleanliness (according to tourist standards) is not part of the local culture
-
‘Sapta pesona’ campaign Provide info and literature for guides Regulation on safety
3
Weak relation among the different stakeholders (government, private sector and others)
Weak governance and weak community participation
-
Establish an international rescue/ emergency response system and facilities Promote synergies between government and the private sector
4
Identification of tourism potential in Flores
Destination priorities and links with areas outside the destinations
-
Map destination potential
5
Uncontrolled tourism development
Determine the Type of tourism most appropriate for Flores (mass tourism or special inrest) & and its economic scale
-
Conduct an analysis as basis for the master plan Review the existing spatial plan and advocate to include tourism in the detailed plans which are legalized through government regulations
6
Benefit sharing is inequitable and multiplier effect is small
-
How to increase the multiplier effect & share benefits equitably
-
-
7
Impact of tourism on local culture and behavior
How can local communities adapt to and interact with tourists without losing their cultural identity?
-
8
The presence of the National Park does not provide economic benefits for the local communities
How to find legal opportunities and negotiate with the central government for more equitable benefit sharing
-
Lack of and weak regulation
Utilize political processes
-
9
2 Eco Flores Appendix-I
Community empowerment and development of community managed tourism Human resources development
Group 2: facilitated by Ruedi Nutzi ISSUES
CHALLENGES
ACTION PLAN
1
Graduates from the tourist school have no understanding on the needs of the industry Teachers have low competence limited availability of information
Assess the needs of industry Establish working group btw. Department of Education and Tourism, using existing organization (if possible, with involvement of school) Write down term of reference Analyze and create competence list for students (both technical and soft skills) Plan the financing/ budgeting btw. Department of Education and Tourism organization Time frame: begin 2013
HR Issues
Improve competence of (current) teachers: * send to internship and or workshops to get experience in hospitality (competence in hospitality is necessary) * establish checklist/ guidelines for competence with industry to be used in recruiting (formalize recruiting/assessment process) Provide information material 2 *
Government
Lack of political will, local nor provincial government hardly pays attention to eco-tourism Lack of policies/ legislation for eco-tourism The drafted master plan is not yet endorsed (notes on master plan: 1) more developed in W. Flores, E. Flores is left out; 2) it is discussed at an academic level and not at a practical/regional level
Lobbying government: to have regular meetings of all bupatis to socialize the master plan by DMO, TMO, Dinas W. starting as per October 2012 review, adjust and endorse the master plan
3
Cultural Issues
Traditional law still exists and encourages people to keep tradition Flores is late but not too late to restore what is almost destroyed (ex: restoration of Waerebo) Govt. needs to acknowledge local tradition tourism can bring back culture but can also endanger culture limited written knowledge about culture culture is first of value to Flores people and then for tourists lack of regional discussions and promotion about other tourist objects, including cultural/ traditional sights
-
Design special plans for tourists in order that all communities receive some benefits Prevent commercialization of culture Collaborative management
Strengthen villages through village and adat regulations
initiate meeting with cultural representatives at Kabupaten level and Dinas to define activities to realize Cultural Preservation to update Flores (new) cultural aspects in “People and Culture” book to provide content to Events Calendar Start 2013
Eco Flores Appendix-I 3
4
Social Issues
Weakening of customary institutions throughout Flores -
(eco)tourism attracts business but community does not always benefit from this growth
Strengthen customary communities in Flores TMO to participate in govt. discussions of regional developing strategy, starting from rural level (as from 2013) Written inventory of flores culture; monuments, attractions and customary events in each kabupaten
Working Group on Water and Waste Management Group facilitated by Pam Minnigh
ISSUE WATER
CHALLENGES
NEEDS
Rural water supply
-
Education, Collaboration and Partnership Clear roles and supervision Clear roles during post construction Needs assessment for water in schools Clear responsibility for existing systems
introduce label “Made in Flores� to protect quality of products Support local businesses to use social media Initiate program on community based tourism involving the TMO in each kabupaten through the planning meetings at each level.
-
No feeling of ownership Urban Water supply
Provide internet access to promote community based tourism 5
Environment Issues
Weak law enforcement Lack of coordinated approach in various initiatives (ex: waste management/ recycling program)
-
socialize with govt. to reinforce regulations DMO/TMO/Dinas Pari Wisata to develop action plan/ strategy proactively regarding what are the possibilities feasibilities to reinforce regulations (be realistic)
Community based management is weak/ not clear Field staff is not active Leaking pipes not repaired Schools have no water
Management is very weak;
Multi-stakeholder planning and budgeting Monitoring by DPRD Strong and transparent system
Service is weak Mapping of water sources (water yields) Water resources
-
No regulations/ policies
-
Water yield is decreasing (sources) Buffer/protection zones not clear; no rules; forest is destroyed No overview on water availability Diversification of water use not considered in planning Different human resources in each area require different solutions Technology is not appropriate
Mapping and development of local rules Mapping of water sources/yields Inventory of all types of water use Holistic solution Inventory of appropriate technologies and innovations
Water technology
There is hardly any coordination between projects and institutions
Develop results indicators
Coordination for water supply
Environmental services not considered
Identification of the appropriate environmental service (system)
-
Waste water is still handled by individual people/agencies There are many rules but it is unclear which apply to Flores, enforcement and control is weak Waste water management for towns are being considered but not for rural areas There is no planning for waste water
Strategies and action plans to be integrated Identification of rules which apply to Flores
Gap in behavior of people with different economic level Planning for water needs for tourism is not yet considered Standards for drinking water and waste water are not clear Water supply and waste water issues often trigger other problems-bigger problems
Inclusive plans
WASTE WATER Waste Water
-
Others
-
4 Eco Flores Appendix-I
Implementation of strategy and action plans in towns and villages accompanied with a budget (DPR should allocate funds in line with planning) Integrated planning
Mapping of water needs for tourism Agreements on standards Analysis of the problem in fair manner and multi-stakeholder involvement
Eco Flores Appendix-I 5
ISSUE
CHALLENGES
NEEDS
Waste is dumped anywhere Organic and non-organic waste are mixed Waste is not managed based on topography
Education and sanctions Education and facilities Mapping and area-based planning
Individual responsibility as starting point not enough knowledge about the impact of littering Conventional waste management system does not apply anymore
Individual responsibility should be a basic principle Education
WASTE Littering
Awareness about waste
Education about waste in schools and other places is not happening The roles of government, NGOs and other agencies is not understood, unclear and not sustainable Insufficient understanding on amount and type of waste There is no integration of and involvement of the community in waste management
Involvement in joint commitment Identification of functions and planning of the management Identification of types of waste and sustainable management Planning and implementation of cleaning and improvement of open dumping sites and developing possible alternatives
Inventory of types of waste management systems appropriate and potential innovation Education
Advocacy
Mapping of waste
Regulations about waste
There is no special regulation about special waste Coordination and partnership and marine waste Identification of problems and best management the role of the government with regard to waste damaging the environment is not evident practices (facilities and infrastructure) (sanctions and tax) Prepare legal instruments which are appropriate and feasible 3R, 4R, 5R is not yet ingrained in society Bank Sampah is still new but there are good Education examples - kooperasi sampah Recycling network is not yet clear, it does not yet Education and advocacy function optimally There are ‘Pemulung’ garbage pickers do not function optimally
Waste as resource
Education and training is not sufficient
identification of the recycling network
There are not enough local examples of good waste management Many people do not care about waste Mismanagement of the temporary and final garbage dumps There is no sustainable solution yet for the residual waste Rehabilitation of former open garbage dumps
Capacity building and improvement of their role in the structure Holistic education and training
6 Eco Flores Appendix-I
Other issues
Identification of local examples
Eco Flores Appendix-I 7
Working Group on Nature Conservation and Forestry
Working Group Marine Management: Priority issues
Group facilitated by Moira Moeliono
Group facilitated by Michael Guilbeaux
ISSUES
CHALLENGES
ACTION PLAN
Little interest in Conservation
Conservation (and forestry) are perceived to have no direct benefit to local communities (and to the local government
Link the campaign to livelihood issues and if possible to livelihood activities already under way (Birdlife in Mbeliling; rainforest alliance in Bajawa and mid Manggarai; activities in and around Komodo national parks) and involve adat communities
•
•
Lack of (scientific) information on endangered species and protection of endangered species in areas outside protected areas (e.g the Komodo in Wae Wuul, some endemic birds in the Mbeliling area outside the park)
Build a scientific data base (in the sense of collecting all available information and persuade everybody working in flores to share data)
Lack of civil society engagement
Awareness campaign to engage civil society (might be good to link with the other campaigns: conservation and water; if flores loses its characteristic forest and biodiversity its value for tourism will diminish Engage civil society in working towards an agreement of all 8 Bupati in Flores on how to approach forestry and nature conservation (since ecotourism and tourism and in fact all development activities can benefit from cooperation between all 8 kabupaten, this might be linked to these issues)
1) ISSUE: Ocean Debris/ Plastic Waste
NEEDS
ACTION NEEDED
1
Giving out trash bags/ receptacles to fishermen
-
2
Trash Campaign
3
Connecting with Plasticman
4
Boat
-
OUTCOME
Coordination with harbor master to collect Plasticman Project trash off the boats Plasticman collaboration to ensure deposits are given in exchange for collected rubbish Instituting an educational program in the schools kepal 2
2) Lack of Alternative Livelihood NEEDS
ACTION NEEDED
WHO
Problem Analysis
Trainings and Education, example: Naturalist guide Dive guide Captain of boat Craftsmen
-
Scientific Study for Fairness Potencies Searching in Local Areas
Tourism Schools Tourism Operators Hotels & Resort Marketting
3) Fishing by outsiders PROBLEMS
ACTION NEEDED
WHO
Foreign Diving Boats come from the outside of the country
Install Mooring Buoy
-
Operator boat KNP
-
Tourism Department Local stakeholder
-
Controller Office Controller Office Tourism Department Harbor master Local stakeholder Fishery
-
Local stakeholder Govt. agency
Too many people diving in the TNK
Karang yang rusak
8 Eco Flores Appendix-I
Re-preview of the regulations: Regional regulations about tourism operational in TNK/Mabar > Controlling Controlling of the upcoming boats from outside registration local income Similarity of Understanding between the tourism actors > Eco Tourism
WHEN April 2013 (New Season) Make a new one Repair the broken one -
After buoy is set up
-
1 month Reach the TNK
-
In 10 months
Eco Flores Appendix-I 9
Working Group on Health
5 -
Group facilitated by Maria Goretti PROBLEMS/ NEEDS / CHALLENGE/ ISSUES
RESOLUTION
PLANS TO DO
TIMELINE
High maternal and child mortality 1 Mother and Child’s Health Information and education Health facilities and medical staff, scheduled prenatal care access
-
-
Pamphlets, brochures, film screening Maternal excercise Procurement of medical tools Emergency-faced trainings for medical staffs Health Baby copetition and standby husband
-
Brochures, Film screening / slide presentation, home visit Trainings, exhibitions, cooking competitons Health baby competitions Medical treatment by giving the aids PMT for primary schools and kindergartens
-
Twice a month Jan 2013 Once a year
Brochures, Film screening / slide presentation, home visit Increase medicine supplies Add some medical tools and properties for people with HIV AIDS, disable (wheelchair) and TB Giving some special therapies and before that, training the therapist
-
Twice a month (Nov) Jan 2013 As long as it needed
Dealing Increase networking Socialization / counseling / pamphlet Jum’at bersih (Friday’s clean) Jamkernas
-
2013 2013 (Jan) Twice a month
-
Socialization and counseling of PNC Health Facilities Increasing skills, abilities and knowledges for the medical staffs
-
Nutrition (Malnutrition) The lack of information and education about nutrition and local food The increasing of the diseases (TBC, stomach-ache, HIV, typhus,diarrhea) Increasing of supplemented food
-
Medical treatment Accessibility to get medical treatments The medicines are not enough (in case of quantities and varieties) Medical Facilities and Staffs Medical treatment for people with special needs (disable people, lepers, etc)
-
Government’s regulations The lack of socilization - Peraturan / system (Jamkesmas) yang banyak memihak masyarakat luas, termasuk penyandang cacat dll. Notes: I think it’s a bit weird to place this as a problem. The Jamkesmas which ran for the communities included the disable people is a good thing. The placement of the medical staffs is not effective
-
2 -
-
-
3 -
-
4
10 Eco Flores Appendix-I
-
Socialization and counseling Improving skills in making various local foods Complete treatments for the diseases
-
-
-
Socialization and counseling Increase medicine supplies Add some other medical facilities Medical treatment for special cases (disable people, etc)
-
Coordinating the co-work between the sectors Make a new Jamkesmas (Community Health Security of the Community) regulation that favorable for the communities, included disable people and people with special needs
-
-
-
-
-
Sanitation and Hygiene Lack of water supply facilitations Information and education Waste Management
-
Installation of water supply facilitations Socialization and Counseling Increasing the waste management education
-
twice a month For how long? Jan 2013 -
Pamphlet / film Install a big cistern for water supply Socialization and demonstration of 3 M (menguras- wash the cistern, I-covering the cistern for preventing from the mosque’s larva, and mengubur buried all the things that can be filled with water such as unused cans, etc) Install the waste recycling plan Waste management training
Twice a month (Jan 2013) Jan 2013
One a month (Nov)
Eco Flores Appendix-I 11
Working Group on Community Development (Groups 6 & 7)
Bishop level
SESSION 1 - 27. 09. 2012 Notes by Irene Doubrawa (English) Notes by Augustinus Bandur (Bahasa Indonesia)
Distric Level (Kadinkes Kab di Flores) Bagian-bagian : KIA, Nuytrisi,
Parishes
Chairman of the Environment/ Ketua Lingkungan
Group facilitated by Irene Doubrawa and Agustinus Bandur
Prov Gov + Health
Figure: Action Plan, working group on health
HEALTH FACILITYFACILITIES
Organisations
Health / Puskesmas
Hospital/ Rumah Sakit Umum
community health clinics/ Puskesmas pembantu
Youth, schools, childeren Woman
HH groups
Prayer groups
Polindes Midwife
COMMUNITY / MASYARAKAT 1 2 3
Maternal child / Kesehatan Ibu anak Nutrition / Nutrisi Medical Services / Pelayanan Medis
12 Eco Flores Appendix-I
4 5
Regulations (Alur work procedures) / Peraturan- peraturan (Alur tata kerja) Sanitation Hygiene / Sanitasi Hygiene
IDENTIFYING PRIORITY ISSUES / CHALLENGES (ISU-ISU PRIORITAS) 1 The marketing chained system is not for the benefits of the community Pemasaran: Rantai masyarakat hasil pertanian yang merugikan 2 Availability of building materials Tidak ada ketersediaan bahan bangunan rumah masyarakat 3 Rumah sehat 4 Strong patriarchal system Patriarkat-masih kuat 5 Money-oriented projects / activities Mental proyek komunitas 6 Lack of communication Kurang komunikasi 7 Education Pendidikan tidak baik 8 Infrastructure Prasarana 9 Government policies Kebijakan yang dipolitisir 10 Balance between local culture and development Keseimbangan centara kebudayaan lokal dengan pembangunan 11 Passing on knowledge (oral tradition, no written records) Masyarakat punya budaya lisan yang tinggi, kurang baca tulis 12 Lack of information Kurang informasi 13 Involvement into projects, but no participation Hanya keterlibatan, bukan partisipasi 14 Development is managed politically for status quo Pembangunan dikelola secara politis 15 Community Empowerment Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
TOP 5 PRIORITY ISSUES 1 Value chain of agricultural products (does not benefit the community) 2 Women situation – patriarchal system 3 Money oriented (passive) mentality caused by money oriented projects (profit <> benefits) 4 Lack of information and skills (soft skills <> hard skills) – education (?) 5 Politics and development – policy issues – distribution of power
SESSION 2 – 28. 09. 2012
-
PRIORITY ISSUE 1 (The value chain of agricultural products does not benefit the community) WHAT IS ALREADY BEING DONE TO RESOLVE THESE ISSUES / CHALLENGES / NEEDS? - Organizing of farmers (e.g. Ende, Larantuka, cocoa, food) - Field training centres (Kico) to increase production - Improvement of marketing through cooperatives - Studies – survey (e.g. by NGO Baku Peduli) -
Pengorganisasian petani berdasarkan jenis hasil (Mis. Ende, Larantuka, Kakao, Pangan) Sekolah lapangan (Kico) untuk peningkatan produksi Pemasaran bersama melalui koperasi Studi (survey) – untuk memjediahan informasi (By Baku Pedutli NGO)
WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE? WHAT ARE THE GOALS? - Goal is that farmers process their own food – not only labourers for industry - Increase the entrepreneurship-skills of farmers • Training in business planning • Training on post-crop-production • Certification of organic products (IM�, BIOCERD) -
Kerja sama dengan industri Kewiransahaan di tingkat petani • Pelatihan perencanaan bisnis • Pelatihan pengolahan pasca-panen • Sertifikasi product organic – mente (sudah berhasil) – IM, BIOCERD (Ende, Maumere, Larantuka)
PRIORITY ISSUE 2 (Situation of women – strong patriarchal system) WHAT IS ALREADY BEING DONE TO RESOLVE THESE ISSUES / CHALLENGES / NEEDS? - Training for home industry (e.g. weaving, bags, etc.) for women who “slept” (when girls get married they rely too much on their husbands) - Comparative study (Bali – Yogya – Flores) about home industry - Training for public speaking - Project in cooperation with Switzerland: • Training /Education about agricultural knowledge in St. Claus for girls who drop out of primary school • Health training and family planning for girls
-
• • -
of community is often not involved in the process of decision making. This results in a lack of knowledge of the community. Required changes: • Discussion in the whole community • Style of leadership concerning: > compilation of program > decision making > compilation of agenda
Gender campaign – Global Fund for Women (California): addressing men and women, conveying that gender is a topic that relates to both sexes Pelatihan home industri – bagi perempuan yang “tidur” / Ditidurhan Studi banding (Yogya, Bali) utk home industri Public speaking Intercorporation Switzerland Project: e.g. anak putus sekolah (SD) diambil dari Setiap Parohi untuk belajar di St. Claus. Educational Health training for girls Gender campaign (252) – global fund for women (California)
-
PRIORITY ISSUE 3 (Money oriented and passive mentality of local communities caused by money oriented projects) WHAT IS ALREADY BEING DONE TO RESOLVE THESE ISSUES / CHALLENGES / NEEDS? -
Water project in Ngada: every community member gave a donation (after agreeing that they wanted the project), after they gave the donation everyone was very interested to make the project work > community participation worked! Important to ensure that community is committed.
Problems / Challenges: Mentality = high status, so not keen to the trainings
PRIORITY ISSUE 5 (Politics and development – distribution of power) WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE? WHAT ARE THE GOALS? -
-
Water project in Ngada: • Community participation • Contribute voluntary work and money -
PRIORITY ISSUE 4 (Lack of information – lack of skills: soft skills, hard skills, education) WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE? WHAT ARE THE GOALS? - Identification of what blocks the people from hard skills (such as e.g. growing organic vegetables, how to build roads, etc.)? • Is it because of decision making processes within the community? • Is it because of lack of cooperation within the community? Training has to target soft skills first (e.g. decision-making-process, partnership) to make way to successful projects to increase the hard skills. -
Base in communities: often only 1-2 people who speak (they are usually of high status and are often not keen to attend any trainings), majority
Komunites basis: Hanya 1-2 orang yang bicara, banyak tidak terlibat dalam proses Pengambilan keputusan. Ini ada kaitannya dgn kekurangan Pengetahuan. Pelatihan • Debat • Kepemimpinan: > menyusun Program > pengambilan keputusan > menyusun agenda
-
Hierarchy in a village leads to the formation of an elite – contact always has to be started by approaching one influential person of the community, e.g. the chief. This policy of approaching the “right” people first has to be respected. At the same time all the community has to be included after the first approach. The community has to take part in the decision process � democratic decision making “Domino effect”: Within a hierarchy it only takes one person to say “no” in order to break the chain of people suppressing each other. Right-based approach is needed (change of approach)
WHAT IS ALREADY BEING DONE TO RESOLVE THESE ISSUES / CHALLENGES / NEEDS? -
Community legal (law) advocacy by LBH Caritas for a stronger position of the community when approaching politicians
-
LBH Caritas – community legal advocacy approaching the politicians
SESSION 3 – 29. 09. 2012 WORKING TOWARDS AN ACTION PLAN DISCUSSION NOTES: - Quoting Karl Marx: ”Philosophers explain the world but the point is to change it.” At some point someone has to do something – who could/ should this be? - business? - A general improvement of skills (e.g. tourism, architecture, etc.) is needed. - Agriculture is an important issue in community development because it is still the backbone of society in Flores (food and income). - The mindset of the local communities has to be changed. Currently agriculture is almost entirely considered for food and not for business. Only some crops are market oriented (e.g. candlenuts, coffee), while many are not grown for profit (e.g. banana, orange, livestock) - Any action plan must be based on facts and on the community – data has to be obtained from the people why they use agricultural products only for food - Research that has already been conducted by Swisscontact showed that the community doesn’t know the marketplace / doesn’t know how to access the market information. - Marketing has to happen both ways: Tell the people where to find the market and tell the market that the people are there. - Breach people’s products and the market product (Example: Ende: people farm cocoa, but don’t even know how chocolate tastes – training program, now they process cocoa themselves into chocolate). This is also important for the people in order to become independent of “greedy middlemen” who only follow their own interests. - Inefficient agriculture is a lot about skills. Training needs to be divided into two steps: 1 Training on production (e.g.: adopting to climate change, ensuring food security, etc.) 2 Further development, such as assistance in turning a farm into a business (e.g. accounting basics) or how can women also profit (e.g. existing project about women included in the production of instant ginger tea) - There is a need for location integrated farming concepts. - In a proper development all of our priority issues (situation of women, distribution of power, etc.) also have to be included in order to improve the value chain of agriculture. - There is a need to put all studies together, put all information together to get a comprehensive Eco Flores Appendix-I 15
-
picture. The sharing of information is a problem in every issue. A comprehensive picture is good but the actual problems that are tackled through projects might be very specific.
IDEAS FOR ACTIONS: Value chain of agriculture • Make sure that tourist businesses use local products • Make sure the information reaches the market AND the farmers. How this is done depends on the kind of information! Thus it is difficult to provide a detailed action plan. Skills > empowerment of the community • How can many people be pulled together to ensure efficient training? Groups (cooperations) have to be formed, one person of the cooperation is trained and then brings the knowledge back to the other people of the cooperation. This is much more efficient than having to train every single person. • Give information to the people that enables them to organize themselves – the organization of people gives them power > empowerment of the community and awareness building Community = working together • In the communities there is a need for both hard and soft skills but community development is more about soft skills. The main question is: How can the community work together? • Which actions can be taken to break up the traditional hierarchies in communities? Ideas: sports (e.g. football club), music, etc. • Common interests are the first step of the formation of a successful group • Encourage people to form cooperatives – teach them why and what will be their benefits • It is important to build on already existing structures instead of creating new ones. Example: More than 75% of Worldbank projects failed due to conflicts among groups. The projects were not based on solidarity, because the groups were only together because of the project.
16 Eco Flores Appendix-I
Money oriented mentality - when you run a project, think about: • The situation of women • The community development effect – make sure the project doesn’t split the community Obtaining and sharing information • Comprehensive study on Flores > Who could do this? • Pull together existing information – extended platform based on ECO Flores? – Provide framework • Forum komunikasi – “Network Community Development Flores”: • Platform for sharing, for sharing lessons learnt, for arranging meetings (e.g. all NGOs working in a certain topic in a certain area will agree to meet and to share information) • Platform has to be provided but every member has to organize themselves • Also possible to connect studies through this network
FINAL PRESENTATION: Priority issues: - value chain of agricultural products (does not benefit the communities) - situation of women - passive mentality caused by money-oriented projects - lack of skills and information - distribution of power When it came to discussing action plans, it became very difficult because the issue of community development is very general and involves many different aspects. Our group identified 3 challenges linked to the development of communities that should be tackled through action plans. 3 challenges: - lack of understanding (on all sides – community, NGOs, etc. – especially on Flores level – a lot of specific knowledge, but the big picture seems to be missing almost entirely) - lack of collaboration (among NGOs, cooperatives, communities, government, etc.) - lack of information (lack of flow of information to all parties involved)
The group agreed on one action plan that tackles / will tackle all three challenges: “Network Community Development Flores”: - Taking the ECO Flores network further by providing the structure for a network specialised on community development - 1st step: virtual (mainly network of NGOs, government, etc.) - “Blackboard” where people working in certain areas can arrange meetings, publish information, upload or link to surveys, reports, etc. - 2nd step: in the future these groups could also link the communities into the network – this will have to include different ways of communication (not every person has access to internet), depending on the information that should be passed on (e.g. training in villages, training cooperatives, virtual and/or physical training centre, etc.) - Who will do it? The framework / platform might be provided by ECO Flores but the input has to be done each person/organization themselves – topdown approach does not make sense and is not appreciated - Timeline: The platform / framework could be established within the next year and could be used by the people and organizations that are already part of the ECO Flores network. Then continuous growth with the goal to link the communities into the network as well. Since this will require different communication strategies additional funding will probably be needed to set up trainings, etc.
and we could thus not find one detailed action plan that would target general community development. The type of education depends on the information that has to be passed on (training centre, personal training, training at school, etc.). Thus the issue of education has to be discussed separately according to each detailed project.
3 further messages that our group would like to pass on, to everyone involved in community development: - Through information/education the communities can organize themselves / can see the benefits of organizing themselves. The organization of communities gives them power > empowerment of the community - If you do a project think about the development effect on the community (e.g. situation of women, make sure not to split the community, etc.)! - Community = working together Comment from audience: Education is very important in community development – education is missing in our action plan. Answer (Irene Doubrawa): Education played a mayor part in our discussion (hard skills, e.g. farming, handicraft, etc. as well as soft skills, e.g. decision making process in communities) and we agree that education is one of the most important issues in community development. During our discussion we also agreed that the education required is strongly connected to specific issues Eco Flores Appendix-I 17
Working Group on Agriculture
ISSUES 25
Group facilitated by Tarsis Hurmali and Asmor Aholiab Aoetpah
26
Session1. Problem identification, needs and problems
27
ISSUES
CHALLANGES
NEEDS
1
1
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15
16
17 18
19 20 21 22 23
24
Is organic agriculture important only for tourists or also for local communities? Lack of seeds for local food staff Market chain is very long Extinct of local seeds Farmers are not the actors in the market. There’s no distinct capacity and farmer’s commitment Salt salinity is high causing low production Eating habits change Integrated farming system is there but the issue is how to raise the farm well. Coffee commodity price is so low 21000/kg vs 25000/kg Low accessibility that farmers have and also low bargain power There is no collaboration, they tend to work alone. Simple minded farmers (for example, most of them sold their fields or farms only to buy motorcycle and becoming an ojek) Moneylenders are still there. (Oct-Jan.) The decreasing of coffe productivities (1 tree should produce 2 kg, but now it only has 0,5 kg) Coffe commodition is the most important commodity, but it was not really watched so that the qualities are so low. Farmer’s education about coffee is low. From academic side: the new technoligy wasn’t adopted seriously, and tend to get back to traditional methods. The lack of co-workers from PEMDA, lack for sharing the funds from the government. Food processing for livestocks is still humble. Lack of PPL counceling for the farmers. The government recommended chemical fertilizer. The contribution of local agriculture for the tourists is not really clear. Farmer’s lands trading are still there. Most of it were sold and it will built hotels on it. Coffe farmers: there are no distinctive buyer.
18 Eco Flores Appendix-I
2
3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
The people still have a stigma that organic agriculture is only for elite people and tourists There are no cultivation of local seeds, there are so many transgenic seeds because that is what the government gave and the access is easier. There are still many moneyslenders, role of Koperasi is still low in farmers communities. Access to get the capital (funds) is also low. Same with Nr. 2 Bargaining position is low, farmers organisation’s role is not maximal yet. Project mentality is stil high. They only want what’s easier. There’re also many funds supporting which doesn’t educate the people (the people became a consumptive communities) Field organizing There’re so many imported rice. The lack of trainings and skills The price is decided by the buyer After crops technology is still low. Mentoring and connection to the market is low (lack of market information), lack of facilities (such as roads) Farmers Assosiation and cooperation is not going well. Simple minded Moneyslenders are still there and there’s no information about the market. The age of the coffee trees is already old. The cultivation of coffee commodity is low. Human resources for farmers is lacking Field management is still traditional Sustainable mentoring Lack of attention from the goventmental side
2 3 4 5
6 7
Skill trainings and education for the farmers, included local food processing to make various foods. Seeds bank is needed in every districts. Forming the farmers cooperation and assosiation Information services dan good market access from the government and cooperation. Cooperative culture to be reborn. How? Strengthening the tradional institutions, ethnic groups Funds and donors are needed. Agriculture intensification need to get more attention.
28 29 30 31 32 33
34 35 36 37 38 39
CHALLANGES
NEEDS
The lack of the fields for plants and food plants. Fields for agriculture is decreasing due to field change to forest and for tourism. Threat from animal diseases point of view: Rabies, Hog cholera dan ND Good quality foods are not the main issue yet. There’s no food processing diversification. Money, in this case the Bank hasn’t support the farmers yet. The lack of skilled resources. Young people tend not to work in agriculral sector but tourism sector. The lack of information and inspiration for farmers to process their crops in a better way. The feeling of not proud to be a farmer. The soil is not very fertile Farmer’s income is too low. Woman’s role in earn money for their daily lifes is still low. Farmer’s motivation to change his live and his economic condition is still low. Lack of water for agricultural irrigation.
Coffee farmers: there’s still no certain buyer
Eco Flores Appendix-I 19
APPENDIX II
List and contact details of participants
WORKING GROUP
NAME
ORGANIZATION
FROM
Guest Keynote speaker
Taylor, Mr. David
New Zealand Embassy Jakarta
David.Taylor@mfat. govt.nz / ira.indirawati@mfat.govt.nz /
Jakarta
Guest Keynote speaker
Drs. Agustinus Ch. Dula
Bupati ManggaraiBarat
Labuan Bajo
Guest Keynote speaker
Drs. Christian Rotok
Bupati Manggarai
Ruteng
Agriculture
Aoetpah, Aholiab (Asmor)
State Agricultural Polytechnic of Kupang
aoetpah@yahoo.com
Bulu, Petrus Malo (Piet)
State Agricultural Polytechnic of Kupang
pmalobulu@yahoo.com
ASNIKOM Assosiasi Petani Kopi Manggarai
delsosruteng@telkom. Ruteng net / adammusi_1162@ yahoo.co.id
082145177639
Agriculture Agriculture
Danja, Viktor
Kupang Kupang
PHONE
WORKING GROUP
NAME
ORGANIZATION
FROM
PHONE
Agriculture
Samosir, Ferry Sabam
Swisscontact / Field Office Manager, WISATA Flores Tourism Destination Development
ferry.sabam@ swisscontact-wisata. org
Labuan Bajo
038541845 08126087276
Agriculture
Uran, Kristoforus
YAKINES - Yayasan Komodo Indonesia Lestari
yakines_ngo@yahoo. com
Labuan Bajo
081241265121
Agriculture
van Rooijen, Loes
University Leiden
Loes.vanrooijen@ gmail.com
Netherlands
081236354210
Agriculture
Diwa, Donatus
WMTM Yayasan Mitra Tani Mandiri)
ymtmngada@telkom. net
Badjawa
81244966960
Collective Learning Workshop
Grier, Nigel
The Green Asia Group
zingspacebali@gmail. com
Singapore
085237345577 082144746666
Agriculture
Darsih
Agriculture Indonesia Organic
darsih@indonesiaorganic.com
Ubud Bali
08179709094 0361978822
Collective Learning Workshop
Ryan, Gavin
The Green Asia Group
Agriculture
Dato, Dr. Twen Dami
Cendana University
twendamidato@yahoo. com
Kupang
08122372694
Communitiy Development
Kondang, Kosmas
Lembu Nai Institute
kkondang@yahoo.com
Ende
Agriculture
Gedang, Aloysius
JANTAN Jaringan Petani Wulan Gitan
ayutani@telkom.net
Maumere
081339251568
Communitiy Development
Sem, Pak Samuel
Yayasan Komodo Kita
z_sam_sem@yahoo. com
Labuan Bajo
Agriculture
Hurmali, Tarsis
Ayo Indonesia
ayo2indonesia@gmail. com
Ruteng
085253086382
Communitiy Development
Kurniawan, Paulus Erwin
Plasticman Institute
Agriculture
Kuba, Yoseph
DELSOS Delegatus Sosial Keuskupan Ruteng
Ruteng
085239183365
Communitiy Development
Moe, Maria
Y. Tunes
wcctunasjaya@yahoo. co.id
Ruteng
Communitiy Development
Aminggus, Andreas
YASKIM
yastimende@yahoo. co.id
Ende
Communitiy Development
Beda, Kris
Baku Peduli
kb.sunspirit@gmail. com
Labuan Bajo
Community Development
Dale, Cypri Jehan Paju
Baku Peduli
cypri.jpd@gmail.com
Labuan Bajo
082116453192
Community Development
Darung, Anny
Peduli Perembuan Manggarai
hadyanydarung@ yahoo.com
Ruteng
081239380385
Community Development
Doubrawa, Irene
Institute for History of irene.doubrawa@ Art, Building Archaeo- tuwien.ac.at logy and Restoration, specialist on Flores traditional architecture
Vienna Austria
Agriculture
Manu, Ferdinandus M.
YAKINES - Yayasan Komodo Indonesia Lestari
yakines_ngo@yahoo. com
Labuan Bajo
085237946875
Agriculture
Meo, Fr. Anselm SVD
TTLS Sesari Flores
svdrewel@yahoo.com
Maumere
082144762829
Agriculture
Musi, Adam
Caritas Keuskupan Ruteng
delsosruteng@telkom. net; adammusi_1162@ yahoo.co.id
Ruteng
081339449744
Labuan Bajo 085238182355
Agriculture
Ndate, Rudolfus
SIKAP / CBO
rudolfsikap@gmail. com; ytn-flores@ telkom.net
Ende
085239308907
Agriculture
Nday, Nobertus Logo
ATOM Assosiasi Petani Organik Mbay
ozmyndumi@yahoo. com / nobertatom@ gmail.com
Bajawa
081338447158
CARITAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S International Indonesia / VSO VOLUNTEER
yikiipeter@yahoo.com
Maumere
082147465827
Firmanto, Annaas
annaas.firmanto@ swisscontactwisata.org
Labuan bajo
Peter YIKII
Community Development
Swisscontact
Agriculture
081338080501 - 0385 41845
Caritas Ende
81339417797
PERMATA Perkumpulan lapmas05@yahoo.com Masyarakat Watuata
Maumere
081387719247
caritasende@yahoo. co.id; Â dhae_feri@yahoo.com
Ende
Raga, Nikolaus
Community Development
Guntur, Fr. Cypranius
Agriculture Agriculture
Rendo, Paulus
LAPMAS Lembaga Advokasi dan Penguatan Masyarakat Sipil
lapmas05@yahoo.com / paulusrendo@yahoo. com
Bajawa
082144943084
Community Development
Hopwood, Jim
Sustainability Partners
jim.hopwood@btinternet.com
United Kingdom
+44.238084 5901 mobile: +44.772 503 1717
Joman, Yohanes
Plan International
085253222080
richard2roden@gmail. com
johnsteve15@yahoo. com
Maumere
Ayo Indonesia
Community Development Community Development
Nule, P. Goris
Seminary of Ledalero
rinso1204@hotmail. com
Maumere
081384784623
Agriculture Agriculture
Roden, Rikhard Sadipun ,Sipri
20 Eco Flores Appendix-II
Caritas
Ruteng Ende
085253422613
Eco Flores Appendix-II 21
WORKING GROUP
NAME
ORGANIZATION
FROM
PHONE
WORKING GROUP
NAME
ORGANIZATION
Community Development
Pala, Hironimus
Yayasan Tana Nua -YTN Ende
ytn-flores@telkom.net hironimus.p911@ gmail.com
Ende
081339456060
Forestry and Nature Conservation
Gde, Pak Agung
Rainforest Alliance Consultant for Flores, NTT
nugrahaery@yahoo. com / gde_amik@ yahoo.co.id
FROM
PHONE
Community Development
Pane, Vivi Andriani
“Swisscontact / PO Community Development, WISATA Flores Tourism Destination Development”
vivi.andriani@ swisscontact-wisata. org
Labuan Bajo
0385 41844 081362448883
Forestry and Nature Conservation
Hamin, Pak Ferdinand
Forum Peduli Kawasan Mbeliling (FPKM)
haminferdinand@ yahoo.co.id
Cunca Lolos
85239472369
Forestry and Nature Conservation
Hani, Pak Tiburtius
Burung Indonesia
t.hani@burung. org
Werang
08113822161 081328293428
Forestry and Nature Conservation
Lalu , Mr. Paskalis
Yayasan Konservasi Biologi Nusa Tenggara (SERBIO) Ngada
paskalissaomilomasa@ gmail.com
Ngada
03842223309
Forestry and Nature Conservation
Moeliono, Moira
CIFOR
moira.moeliono@ gmail.com
Bogor
08111117503
Forestry and Nature Conservation
Purwandana, Deni
Komodo Survival Program
aden_kzp@yahoo. com 0811154243
081328883301
Community Development
Sangu, Vinsen
FIRD
vinsensangu@fird.or.id Ende
085237544282
Community Development
Uran, Thomas
AYU TANI Flotim
thomuran@yahoo.com / ayutani@telkom.net
Larantuka
81338008705
Community Development
Weigel, Thomas
Hilfsgemeinschaft grenzenlos e.V.
thomasweigel@gmx. de
Germany
Community Development
Bandur, Agustinus
Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP)
durgus2000@yahoo. com
Jakarta
81339291490
Forestry and Nature Conservation
Supriatna, Jatna
Jatna Supriatna
jsupriatna@conservation.org / jatna. supriatna@gmail.com
Jakarta
Community Development
Albarran, Mikel
Pt. Saudara dua bangsa mikel.albarran@gmail. (S.D.B.) com
Bali
082145954780
Health
Agot, Pater Marsel
Labuan Bajo Health Centre
agotmarsel@yahoo. com
Labuan Bajo
Disaster Risk Reduction
Ampur, Ferdy
Manggarai Dissaster Risk Reduction Forum
Ruteng
081353100572 082145150288
Health
Ebar , Martinus (assistent manager)
Yayasan Ayo Mandiri
yayasanayomandiri@ gmail.com
Labuan Bajo
Disaster Risk Reduction
Bartholomeus K. Udak
Wetlands International Indonesia
Maumere
Health
Ferrero, Luciana
St. Damian Binongko
luciferrero@mac.com
Bali / Cancar
0361764834 0811158606
Disaster Risk Reduction
Bon Bagus
bon_bagus@yahoo. com
Ruteng
81353935202
Health
Francis, Ondine
HIV/AIDS Lynde Francis Trust
nyuchi@hotmail.com
Zimbabwe/France
+33611039132
Disaster Risk Reduction
Hagul , Tonie
toniehagul@gmail.com
Ruteng
081246014777
Health
RS St Elisabeth Lela
mg_1406@yahoo.com
Maumere
081321701961
Disaster Risk Reduction
Hutapea, Boyke
“Swisscontact/ Program Officer - MSME, WISATA Flores Tourism Destination Development”
Labuan Bajo
085239784252
Goretti Ametembun, Dr. Maria SpPD Margot
Health
Lihpa, Sr. Lusia, SSPS
St.Damian Cancar
ysdcancar2012@gmail. com
Cancar
81339134294
Health
Naro, Antonius M.K
SMANT Maumere / ABA St. Mary Maumere
antonionaro@yahoo. com
Maumere
082144695375
gulielmov@yahoo.com
boyke.hutapea@swisscontact-wisata.org
Disaster Risk Reduction
Jehata, Kris
Ruteng
Health
Quiggin, Rachelle
KPPC-KJ Labuan-Bajo
rachelle.quiggin@ gmail.com
Labuan Bajo
085259034800
Disaster Risk Reduction
Juanita, Agnes
Ruteng
Health
Unda, Kanisius
East-Manggarai
yayasankarunia2011@ hotmail.com
Wae Lengga
082139109998
Disaster Risk Reduction
Liba , Emil
Health
Wasa, Wilibrodus So (Pak Willy)
yakkestra@yahoo.co.id
Maumere
085231307738
Disaster Risk Reduction
Retno, Ika Praesty
YAKKESTRA MAUMERE -Yayasan Kesehatan & Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Flores-Lembata
Disaster Risk Reduction
Sunarti, Merlyn
Health
Goreti, Maria
Flores Village Development Foundation
mariagoreti814@ yahoo.com
Maumere
085238570506
Disaster Risk Reduction
Tatu, Ignas
Disaster Risk Reduction
Yudha, Michael W
Caritas Germany, Yogyakarta office
Disaster Risk reduction / Education
Salo, Nikolaus
Forestry and Nature Conservation
Ariefiandy, Achmad
22 Eco Flores Appendix-II
ratinangus@gmail.com Ruteng Karina KWI
retnoika@yahoo.co.uk
Maumere
subantukanp.simon@ yahoo.com
Ruteng
085339301572
Ruteng
085333741599
Health
Inggrita, Fransiska Aloysia
BAPPEDA Sikka
finggrita@yahoo.co.id
Maumere
yudha.caritas@gmail. com
Yogyakarta
081534479799
Health
Mehan, Salestinus / Vellyn
Yayasan Ayo Mandiri
yayasanayomandiri@ gmail.com
Labuan Bajo
YLPM-Bangawita
nikolaussalo@yahoo. co.uk
Maumere
Health
Nyambura, Nancy / Mayna
VSO
nyambura.nm@gmail. com
Maumere
achmad_ariefiandy@ yahoo.com
Marine Management
Hakim
Komodo Survival Program
Fisheries community Pulau Komodo
08156250370
81246519132
Pulau Komodo
Eco Flores Appendix-II 23
WORKING GROUP
NAME
ORGANIZATION
Marine Management
Muhamad Arok
Fisheries community Pulau Rinca
Pulau Rinca
FROM
Marine Management
Ramli
Fisheries community Pulau Komodo
Pulau Komodo
Marine Management
Salahudin
Fisheries community Pulau Komodo
Pulau Komodo
Fisheries community Pulau Rinca
Pulau Rinca
Fisheries community Pulau Komodo
Pulau Komodo
PHONE
WORKING GROUP
NAME
ORGANIZATION
FROM
Organization
Deni Harsidi, Silvester
Eco Flres Management Board / Kelompok Peduli Penyandang Cacat - Kita Juga
kppckj@yahoo.co.id
Labuan Bajo
PHONE
Organization
Amsberg, Catherine
Organization - Guest Relations
catherineamberg@ gmx.ch
Switzerland
Organization
Balbi, Mirjam
Organization - Guest Relations
mirjambalbi@yahoo.de Switzerland
Organization
Novizal, Chandra
IT - Photography
chandranovrizal@ gmail.com
Labuan Bajo
Organization
Pastorfield-Li, Zoe
Organization - Coordination Working Groups
zpastorfieldli@gmail. com
Hawaii
Organization
Tyers, Sam
Organization - Commu- me@samtyers.com nications Bali
Organization
van Oostrum, Jeanette
Organization - Guest Relations
stichtingkarunia@ hotmail.com
Netherlands
Organization
van Toulon, Anouk
Organization - Guest Relations
anoukvtvdk@gmail. com
Netherlands
Organization
van Toulon, Loty
Organization - Guest Relations
lty_vntln@hotmail. com
Netherlands
Organization
van Toulon, Nina
Organization
nina@ecoflores. org
Netherlands
87860505977
Marine Management
Sharif
Marine Management
Taher, Mohamad
Marine Management
Guilbeaux, Michael
Marine Management
Laura Smelter
Marine Management
Alias
Marine Management
Demopoulos, Katherine Wartawan
Marine Management
Hakim , Edo, Muhamad Ridha
WWF Indonesia Coordinator for Nusa Tenggara
rhakim@wwf. or.id
Marine Management
Ramang
Pulau Komodo / Masyarakat
korneliusrahalaka@ yahoo.co.id
Pulau Komodo
082144651495
PRESS
Makur, Markus
markus_makur@ yahoo.com
Borong
Marine Management
Ridwan, Wawan
WWF Indonesia, Marine Program Director
WRidwan@wwf.or.id
Jakarta
08119910082
PRESS
Rahalaka, Kornelius
korneliusrahalaka@ yahoo.co.id
Labuan Bajo
081337633118
Marine Management
Piazza, Stefan
Pt. Komodo Dragon Komodo Resort
stefano@komodoresort.com
Labuan Bajo
081353322373
Tourism
Laarhoven, Ad
Bayview Gardens
bayviewgardens@ gmail.com
Labuan Bajo
08563839067
Marine Management
Fellenius, Karl
Marine Mangement Consultant
karl@fellenius.net
Bali
Tourism
Aben, Marij
Diving Association
marij.aben@gmail.com Labuan Bajo
Mining
Tourism
Botha, Ivan
Ngada
081332115008
askeraf@gmail.com
Jakarta
0811835891
Mining
Marut, Rony
rony.marut@yahoo. co.id / marutrony@ yahoo.com
Ruteng
081339474769
Kantor Perhubungan Pariwisata Komunikasi dan Informatika Kabupaten Ngada
Ivan_bth@yahoo.com
Keraf, Dr. Sonny
Tourism
Daru, Ari
Tourist Guide/Lanuage Institute
ariedaru@gmail.com
Labuan Bajo
081392495607
Tourism
Duu, Yoakhim
TMO Sikka
yoakhimduu@yahoo. co.uk
Maumere
081339444346
Tourism
Ebu, Matias
Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Nagekeo
Nagakeo
081284514871
Tourism
Ganggus, Galus
Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Manggarai Timur
Tourism
Geroda, Yohanes Tamela
Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata
Tourism
Hafild, Emmy
Yayasan Komodo Kita
Tourism
Hashim, Feisol
Tourism
Junardy, Y. W.
Mining
Simon, Mrs Nyelong Inga
LMMA Network Manta Watch
mdguilbeaux@gmail. com
Hawaii
l.smelter@burung.org
Werang
Fisheries community Pulau Komodo
Forum PRB Floresta Raya
Pulau Komodo katherine@ demopoulos.co.uk
Jakarta
fiqihputri@ymail.com Assistant Deputy for Mining, Energy, Tourism and Environment at The Ministry for Development of Underdeveloped Regions of the Republic of Indonesia.
Jakarta
Mining
Surion Adu Florianus
Mining Group
feryadu@yahoo.co.id
Labuan Bajo
Organization
Saridin, Arie
Eco Flores Management Board - FLORES TOURSM FORUM
ariesaridin@gmail.com
Labuan Bajo
24 Eco Flores Appendix-II
082145255757 081398189930
081221617836 081339038969
galusganggus@gmail. com
31651368664
081338571958
Flores Timur
081239484642
ehafild@komodokita. org
Labuan Bajo
0812930204
Entrepeneur
fh@feisolhashim.com
Bali Labuan Bajo
President, Indonesia Global Compact Network
junardy@rajawali.com
Jakarta
0818160510
Eco Flores Appendix-II 25
WORKING GROUP
NAME
ORGANIZATION
Tourism
Lelan, Dr.Thomas
Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Propinsi NTT
kalakik.den@gmail. com
Tourism
Letisia, Maria Minsia
Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Sikka
Tourism
Leysen, Joeri
Caritas Asia Regional Office
Tourism
Mbira, Yachobus
Chairman of DMO Ende, eddykelimutu@gmail. com as a representative of TMO Ende and DMO presidium
Tourism
Mimault, Philippe
Tourism
Nankervis, Dr. Tony
FROM
PHONE
WORKING GROUP
NAME
ORGANIZATION
FROM
PHONE
081314848670
Tourism
Jenco, Nurlela Cesilia
Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Ende
ceciliaadhea@yahoo. co.id
Ende
082144695996
Tourism
Dhena, Andreas
Tourism Development Organization
dharmaprolife@gmail. com
Bajawa
082144411445
Tourism
Erb, Maribeth
socmerb@nus.edu.sg Department of Sociology National University of Singapore
Tourism
Fenie, Prof. Christian
Tourism
Fransicus De Rozari, Fransisco
Tourism
081239419087 j.leysen@caritasint.be/ Thailand joeri.leysen@gmail. com Ende
0891257857
Singapore
krisdive@indosat. net.id
Alor, Papua
TMO Manggarai Timur
f_de_rozari@hotmail. com
Mbalata, Wae Lengga
082145258797
Ondur, Martinus
TMO Manggarai
martinbst@yahoo.com
Ruteng
82147163063
Tourism
Maramis, Christian
Swisscontact Field Office Manager of East Office
christian.maramis@ swisscontact-wisata. org
Maumere
8123884077
Tourism
Hamun, Theo
Tourguide Association
theohamun@gmail. com
Labuan Bajo
Waste and Water Management
Cannuciari, Paola
Swisscontact
ecobali@yahoo.com / Bali pacmer@indosat.net.id
081246589721
0811414769
Waste and Water Management
Larson, Meghan
VSO / Bappeda Ende
meghan.larson@gmail. Ende com
082146908324 085239084140
081237749579
mimaultphi@yahoo.fr
Labuan bajo
81339183065
M.Bus.(Tourism Development), PhD (Vic Melb) ACAUTHE Senior Lecturer Discipline Leader Tourism Studies Swinburne University of Technology
anankervis@groupwise.swin.edu.au
50 Melba Avenue LILYDALE Vic 3140 Australia
+61392157159
Tourism
Ng, Sebastian
Incito Tour
bas.incito@gmail.com
Tourism
Nützi, Ruedi
Swisscontact
ruedi.nuetzi@swisscontact-wisata.org
Denpasar Bali
0361284074 08123810448
Waste and Water Management
Sales, Vincent
YPMF
lusy_51@yahoo.co.uk
Tourism
Rothe, David
EduChild
djrothe@gmail.com
Labuan Bajo
081237089709
adi.soenarno@ florestourism.com / adisoenarno@yahoo. com
Ende
081210111850
widiandayani@yahoo. com
081338746323
CEO of Destination Management Organisation of Flores
Widiandayani, Bernadeta
Yogyakarta
Soenarno, Adi
Water and Waste Management
PERSADA Director
Tourism
Water and Waste Management
Heighes, Stephanie
Green Community
schalchers@gmail.com
Labuan Bajo
082147277071
Rafael, Stefan
Plasticman Institute Chairman
stefankomodo@gmail. com
Labuan Bajo
08123860084
Tourism
Tjia, Marjon
EduChild
marjon_tjia@yahoo. com
Netherlands
+31611380347
Water and Waste Management
Oratravel
oratrav@plasa.com
Bima
08123773507
Wasele, Rofinus Jero
TMO Nagekeo
tmo.nagekeo@ florestourism.com
Mbay
081338397798
agustinus.tuauni@ swisscontact-wisata. org
038541844 085283402858
Tourism Tourism
Wempy, Alfred
Yayasan Pengembangan Masyarakat Flores (YPMF)
wempy.anggaf@gmail. com
Maumere
081339391097
“Swisscontact / Jr. PO for Environment, WISATA Flores Tourism Destination Development”
Labuan Bajo
Using, Pak Amireidda
Water and Waste Management
Tuauni, Agustinus
Tourism
Water and Waste Managmement
Naumann, Fr. Klaus
Caritas Maumere
klausnau@yahoo.com
Maumere
081239506453
Water and Waste Managmement
Minnigh, Pam
Simavi & ADB
minnigh@cbn.net.id
Indonesia/Holland
0811381287
Water and Waste Managmement
Bahagia, Petrus.S (Allen)
Yayasan Rupingh Flores
yapinflor@hotmail. com ; gbahagia77@ yahoo.com
Borong
081339142802 081239811611
WinWinStories
van Heemstra, Alwine
Organization Videography
alwine@winwinstories. Netherlands org
Women Empowerment
Widyawati, Ibu Fransiska Agot, Pater Marsel
Labuan Bajo Health Centre
agotmarsel@yahoo. com
Jein, Rosy
TMO Mabar
Tourism
Pandang, Sebastian
Tourist Guide Association
Tourism
Kedang, Aloys
TMO Flotim
Tourism
Geroda, Yohanes Tamela
Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Flores Timur, Secretary of Dinas
Labuan Bajo louiskedang@yahoo. co.id
Floerkemeier, Hans
PT Hanrin
floerkemeier@gmx.net
Tourism
Ganggus, Galus
Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Manggarai Timur, Secretary of Dinas
galusganggus@gmail. com
Wicked Diving
paul@wickeddiving. com
Landgraver, Paul
26 Eco Flores Appendix-II
Flotim Flotim
Tourism
Tourism
082195658934
085239816967 Manggarai Timur
081338571958
Labuan Bajo Mabar
082342182888
Labuan Bajo
Eco Flores Appendix-II 27
APPENDIX III
List of Eco Flores Foundation advisors Present at congress: Sustainable Development of Tourism: Dr Tony Nankervis M.Bus.(Tourism Development), PhD (Vic Melb) ACAUTHE Senior Lecturer Discipline Leader Tourism Studies Swinburne University of Technology, Australia anankervis@swin.edu.au Conservation: Dr Jatna Supriantna Member at Indonesia Academy of Science CEO at United in Diversity Forum Chairman at Reseach Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia jsupriatna@conservation.org Michael Guilbeaux Advisor at Locally Managed Marine Area Network mdguilbeaux@gmail.com Dr Sonny Keraf Former Minister of Environment Republic of Indonesia askeraf@gmail.com Forestry: Moira M.M. Moeliono Senior Associate Forest and Governance Program Center for International Forestry Research moira.moeliono@gmail.com Corporate social responsibility: Y.W.Junardy President, Indonesia Global Compact Network President Commissioner, PT Rajawali Corporation Phone +62-21-5760808 Fax +62-21-5761369 junardy@rajawali.comor yayajunardy@gmail.com Cultural heritage: Associate Professor Maribeth Erb Department of Sociology National University of Singapore socmerb@nus.edu.sg Dr Agustinus Bandur Director of Community Planning and Research at Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP) in Ruteng banduraustin@yahoo.co.id Irene Doubrawa, MSc Institute for History of Art, Building Archaeology and Restoration, Vienna University of Technology irene.doubrawa@tuwien.ac.at
28 Eco Flores Appendix-III
Sustainable Water and Environmental Sanitation: Ir. Pam E. Minnigh M.Sc. Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation Consultant Knowledge Management advisor on WASH for SIMAVI (SHAW Program) minnigh@cbn.net.id Renewable Energy: Dr. Twen Dami Dato Lecturer Biogas Cendana University Kupang Timor twendamidato@yahoo.com Animal Health: Petrus Malo Bulu,DVM Lecturer in Epidemiology Animal Health Study Program Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic pmalobulu@yahoo.com Aholiab Aoetpah, MRurSc Animal Nutrition: Lecturer at Feed Technology Study Program, State Agricultural Polytechnic of Kupang aoetpah@yahoo.com
Not present at congress: Sustainable Development of Tourism: Dr Stroma Cole Senior Lecturer International Tourism Development Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of the West of England, Bristol Coldharbour Lane Bristol PhD about Culture, tourism and development in Flores Director of Equality in Tourism - an international network that create change for women Stroma.Cole@uwe.ac.uk Conservation: Pieter Borkent Director Netherlands at Conservation International consintnl@hotmail.com
Professor Baruch Rinkevich Prof and senior scientist , National Institute of Oceanography Ph.D. 1982, Tel Aviv University, Israel At IOLR since 1988 buki@ocean.org.il B. Linden, MSc. bart.linden@gmail.com Corporate social responsibility: AndrĂŠ van Heemstra Chairman Steering Group at Netherlands Network UN Global Compact Vice-Chair Supervisory Board of the Academy of Business in Society Member of the Board at Netherlands Senior Experts (PUM) andre@van-heemstra.nl Cultural heritage: Emeritus Professor Dr.Wolfgang Marschall Social Anthropology Advisor regarding sustainable agriculture in relation to traditional agriculture. wolfgang.marschall@anthro.unibe.ch Health & Sanitation: Dr Mark Moore Plastic and Craniofacial Surgeon affiliated to OSSAA and the Australian Craniofacial Unit mhmoore@internode.on.net Dr Rita Kusriastuti Vector Borne Disease Control, Ministry of Health Indonesia ritakus@yahoo.com Dr Sean Beggs MBBS, MPH, FRACP Paediatrician Royal Hobart Hospital Senior Lecturer University of Tasmania Sean.Beggs@dhhs.tas.gov.au Indonesian legislation: Theodoor Bakker Ali Budiardjo, Nugroho, Reksodiputro (Theodoor Bakker) advises us on Indonesian legal matters tbakker@abnrlaw.com
James Ouellette, M.Sc. Conservation Scientist and Geomatics Specialist gaiageomatics@gmail.com Forestry: Coral rehabilitation: Emeritus Professor Alasdair Edwards Professor of Coral Reef Ecology alasdair.edwards@ncl.ac.uk
Eco Flores Appendix-III 29
APPENDIX IV
List of sponsors of Eco Flores Congress September 2012
New Zealand Aid Programme: HEAD OF MISSION FUND (HOMF)
Sustainability Partners UK
30 Eco Flores Appendix-IV