Trim Tab v.4 - Winter 2010

Page 1

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AN ENVIRONMENTAL LEADER ON WHAT INSPIRES HIM 6AHD/

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ISSUE 004 CASCADIAGBC.ORG

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A living building and a learning center for students and the community

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A conversation with a true environmental leader on what inspires him

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Cascadia is dedicated to the transformation of the built environment toward true sustainability.

Out of difficulties grow miracles Jean De La Bruyere

WE THANK THE FRIENDS OF CASCADIA FOR THEIR STEADFAST SUPPORT

LIVING

PLATINUM

GOLD

*

SILVER

2020 ENGINEERING | Alaska Energy Authority | Alaska Housing Finance Corporation | Arup BrN Engineering, Inc. | CDI Engineers | Clean Water Pipe Council | Control Contractors, Inc. DA Architects + Planners | DLR Group | gBL Architects, Inc. | Gerding Edlen Development | Glumac GLY Construction | King County GreenTools | kpb architects | LMN Architects | Lutron Electronics, Inc. McKinstry | MCW Consultants Ltd. | Northwest Construction | Opsis Architecture | Oregon Electric Group Otak | PAE Consulting Engineers, Inc. | PBS Engineering + Environmental Portland Bureau of Planning and Sustainability | Read Jones Christoffersen | ReNu Recycling / Nuprecon Sellen Construction Company | ShoreBank Pacific | THA Architecture, Inc. | The Miller|Hull Partnership LLP Unico Properties, LLC | Univercity on Burnaby Mountain

CERTIFIED

AHBL, Inc. | Allsteel, Inc. | ARC Architects | Ashforth Pacific | BLRB Architects | BOMA Portland | Boora Architects Coughlin Porter Lundeen, Inc. | Dull Olson Weekes Architects | Fletcher Farr Ayotte | Forensic Building Consultants Fortis Construction, Inc. | Group Mackenzie | Hargis Engineers, Inc. | Ideate, Inc. | Integrus Architecture Iredale Group Architecture | J. H. Heerwagen & Associates, Inc. | KMD Architects | KPFF Consulting Engineers Lorig Associates, LLC | McCool Carlson Green | Natural Systems International | O’Brien & Company Optimization Technologies, Inc. | Oregon BEST | PACE Engineers, Inc. | Portland Trail Blazers | R&H Construction Co. RIM Architects | schemata workshop, inc. | Studio 9 | Swensen Say Faget | United Fund Advisors | USKH, Inc. Willamette Print and Blueprint | Zeck Butler Architects PS

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On
the
island
of
Hawaii,
The
Hawaii
Preparatory
Academy
 (HPA)
is
located
in
the
foothills
of
the
Kohala
Mountains
 in
 Waimea.
 
 The
 school
 is
 known
 for
 its
 unique
 courses
 that
range
from
sea
turtle
research
to
scuba
certification.

 The
 HPA
 Energy
 Lab
 hopes
 to
 elaborate
 on
 their
 unique
 curriculum
 by
 offering
 a
 hands‐on
 learning
 approach
 to
 alternative
energy.

 The
 lab
 is
 intended
 to
 serve
 a
 hands‐on
 approach
 to
 learning.
 
 Students
 in
 grades
 6
 –
 12
 will
 build,
 test
 and
 monitor
the
labs’
alternative
energy
technologies.

“Data
 developed
by
the
energy
lab
will
aid
the
next
generation.

 Students
 will
 understand
 the
 firsthand
 workings
 of
 a

,

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building
 that
 relies
 solely
 upon
 wind,
 rain
 and
 sun
 to
 maintain
operation.

Educational
aspects
are
threefold:
 “student
 participation
 in
 the
 design
 process,
 student
 participation
in
the
operation
of
the
facility,
and
student
 outreach
 into
 the
 community”
 states
 a
 project
 team
 member.
 The
 HPA
 Energy
 Lab
 contributes
 to
 the
 communtiy
 as
 well
 as
 to
 the
 curriculum.
 Weather
 data
 will
 be
 shared
 with
the
local
airport
in
Waimea
and
with
other
Big
Island
 meteorological
institutions.
“The
faculty
will
likely
end
up
 being
 the
 best
 weather
 data
 tracking
 facility
 in
 Hawaii”
 says
the
project
team.

?JHI I=: ;68IH/ AD86I>DC/ Waimea,
Hawaii 8DBEA:I>DC 96I:/
January
2010 6G8=>I:8I/
Flansburgh
Associates,
Inc.
 8A>:CI/ Hawaii
Preparatory
Academy DLC:GÉH G:E/
Pa’ahana
Enterprises
LLC
 HJHI6>C67>A>IN 8DCHJAI6CI/ Buro
Happold
Consulting

Engineers
 8>K>A :C<>C::G/ Belt
Collins B:E/ Hakalau

Engineering
LLC
 HIGJ8IJG6A :C<>C::GH/
Walter
Vorfeld
&
Associates 8DCIG68IDG/
Quality
Builders
Inc
(QBI)

E=DID 8G:9>IH/

Flansburgh
Associates,
Inc.
Architects
(FAI)
 and
Quality
Builders,
Inc.
(QBI).

Aside
 from
 the
 great
 opportunities
 to
 connect
 sustainability
 with
 education,
 the
 project
 team
 quickly
 realized
the
challenges
associated
with
a
Living
Building
 project.

The
remote
site
location
was
the
first
immediate
 challenge
the
team
faced
during
the
design
phase,
which
 hindered
 in
 budget
 constraints.
 
 Longer
 lead
 times
 associated
with
preferred
materials
also
delayed
the
fast
 track
project
schedule.

architecture
 echoes
 original
 campus
 designer
 Vladimir
 Ossipoff.
 
 3
 ‐
 The
 educational
 program,
 “the
 science
 based
 building
 is
 dedicated
 to
 the
 study
 of
 alternative
 energy
 which
 led
 to
 transparency
 and
 expression
 of
 building
systems
for
educational
purposes.”

The
 project
 team
 concludes,
 “as
 a
 team
 we
 learned
 by
 doing…giving
 students
 the
 same
 opportunity,
 a
 hands‐ on
approach
to
learning,
enriching
their
experience
and
 While
 there
 were
 design
 and
 construction
 challenges
 the
 empowering
them
with
knowledge
and
sensitivity
to
the
 team
managed
to
find
different
ways
to
solve
the
issues
that
 delicate
balance
of
what
the
resources
are
and
how
they
 arose.

The
team
stressed
that
the
“Living
Building
Challenge
 are
used.”
 cannot
happen
without
an
integrated
design
process.”

 In
2010,
the
Energy
Lab
will
enter
the
12‐month
Living
 Communication
 was
 key.
 
 The
 team
 discovered
 that
 the
 Building
Challenge
verification
process
all
while
utilizing
 openness
of
sharing
data
between
the
designer
and
builder
 the
alternative
energy
and
green
building
pedagogy.
 was
 essential.
 “The
 Living
 Building
 Challenge
 inspired
 a
 spirit
 of
 cooperation
 among
 these
 two
 parties,”
 states
 a
 team
member. Inspiration
for
designing
the
Energy
Lab
came
from
three
 main
influences.

1
‐
“Harnessing
wind
and
sun,
the
building
 is
on
a
south
facing
slope
with
northeast
wind
arriving
over
 Ig^b IVW i]Vc`h 6C6 H:GG6 d[ 7jgd =VeedaY VcY i]Z Zci^gZ one’s
left
shoulder.”

2
‐
Campus
aesthetics
and
unity,
the
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6c :kVc\Za^hi [dg 8]Vc\Z Bob
Berkebile:

A
true
pioneer
in
the
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movement ;dg cjbZgdjh nZVgh! hjhiV^cVWaZ YZh^\c e^dcZZg! 7dW 7Zg`ZW^aZ! ]Vh WZZc Xdbb^iiZY id bV`^c\ edh^i^kZ hdX^Va! ZXdcdb^X VcY Zck^gdcbZciVa X]Vc\Z ^c djg Xdbbjc^i^Zh# >che^gZY Wn 7jX`b^chiZg ;jaaZg VcY i]Z ^YZV d[ cVijgZ eaVn^c\ V Y^gZXi gdaZ ^c YZh^\c YZX^h^dch! 7Zg`ZW^aZ ^h Xdbb^iiZY id igVch[dgb^c\ i]Z Wj^ai Zck^gdcbZci id V bdgZ hnbW^di^X gZaVi^dch]^e l^i] cVijgZ# 7dW 7Zg`ZW^aZ ]Vh WZZc ^chigjbZciVa ^c i]Z [djcY^c\ d[ JH<78 VcY A::9! i]Z 6bZg^XVc >chi^ijiZ d[ 6gX]^iZXiÉh 8dbb^iiZZ dc i]Z :ck^gdcbZci 6>6Éh 8DI: ! VcY 7C>B 6gX]^iZXih# ;dg YZXVYZh! ]Z ]Vh WZZc YZkdiZY id igVch[dgb^c\ i]Z Wj^ai Zck^gdcbZci idlVgYh edh^i^kZ X]Vc\Z#

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.

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IG>B I67 :
First
I
want
to
congratulate
you
on
winning
 the
Heinz
Award.

The
award
celebrates
the
ideal
that
 individuals
have
the
power
and
responsibility
to
change
 the
world
for
the
better.

How
do
you
feel
that
you
do
this? 7D7 7:G@:7>A: :
Certainly
my
goal
is
to
change
the
 world
for
the
better,
but
I
am
not
in
a
position
to
claim
 success.

Either
the
PR
surrounding
our
work
confused
 the
selection
committee,
or
I
was
the
oldest
breathing
 member
of
the
green
design
movement
they
could
locate.

 I
mentioned
at
the
awards
ceremony
that
I
was
standing
 on
the
shoulders
of
thousands
who
were
actually
 responsible
for
the
work
(the
transformation
of
the
 design
and
construction
industry)
they
were
recognizing.

 IG>B I67 :
What
in(luenced
you
to
get
started
in
 architecture
and
responsible
environmental
design
 practices? 77 :
My
plan
as
I
entered
college
was
to
become
the
 fourth
generation
craftsman
contractor
in
my
family.

But
 my
imagination
was
captured
almost
immediately
by
the
 creative
energy
I
discovered
for
art
and
architecture
and
 my
life
plan
was
adjusted
to
pursue
this
new
focus,
which
 fed
my
soul
even
more
than
beautiful
craftsmanship. My
interest
in
the
environment
was
born
out
of
my

ig^b iVW

parents’
interest
and
mentoring,
but
the
breadth
and
 depth
of
my
interest
was
expanded
when
I
encountered

 Buckminster
Fuller
as
a
professor.

Bucky
taught
me
that
 every
design
decision
either
enhances
the
vitality
of
 spaceship
earth
and
her
passengers,
or
not.

From
that
 perspective
it
became
obvious
that
a
comprehensive
 understanding
of
natural
systems
was
critical
to
 informing
good
design
decisions.

Approximately
20
 years
later
I
had
an
epiphany
following
a
major
building
 failure.

It
raised
new
questions
for
me,
including
possible
 unintended
impacts
of
our
building
designs
on
the
 people
we
intend
to
serve,
and
on
the
vitality
of
their
 neighborhood,
city,
region
and
planet.

The
search
for
 answers
led
directly
to
the
creation
of
AIA’s
Committee
 on
the
Environment,
and
later
to
the
(irst
conversations
 about
USGBC
and
the
LEED
rating
system. II :
How
do
your
designs
incorporate
a
sense
of
place,
 climate
and
culture? 77 :
I
think
of
our
design
process
as
a
collaborative
 dialogue
of
discovery.

It
begins
with
seeking
a
deep
 understanding
of
the
place
and
the
culture
that
evolved
 from
the
human
dance
with
nature
over
time
in
a
 speci(ic
place.

We
are
discovering
that
usually
(but
not
 always)
(irst
nations
cultures
maintained
a
synergetic

/

relationship
with
nature.

Often
their
presence
and
 behavior
increased
the
vitality
of
the
(lora
and
fauna,
 including
the
depth
of
topsoil
and
its
capacity
to
absorb
 rain
and
support
life.

This
symbiotic
relationship
was
 celebrated
in
their
art,
architecture
and
rituals.


 
 This
relationship
has
changed
since
the
industrial
 revolution
which
was
based
on
the
assumption
 that
earth’s
resources
and
carrying
capacity
were
 unlimited.

We
are
learning
that
our
assumption
 was
naïve
and
that
our
take,
make,
waste
doctrine
is
 destructive
and
not
sustainable.

The
good
news
is
that
 the
science,
technology
and
tools
we
have
developed
can
 measure
our
impact
and
assist
with
restoring
the
damage
 we
have
done.

The
bad
news
is
that
if
we
care
about
our
 children’s
future,
time
is
not
our
friend.


Place‐based
 design
in
the
21st
century
must
be
adaptive
(to
anticipate
 the
impact
of
climate
change)
and
breathtakingly
 beautiful
to
inspire
new
behavior.

I
believe
this
is
the
 de(ining
issue
of
our
generation. II :
Can
you
explain
to
our
readers
what
restorative
 design
means
to
you? 77 :
Restorative
design
begins
with
the
reality
that
our
 current
design
doctrine
is
diminishing
the
vitality
of
 the
planet
and
its
capacity
to
support
human
life.

Until
 recently,
even
the
most
forward
thinking
architects
and
 environmental
designers
sought
only
to
diminish
the
 negative
impact
of
buildings
and
communities
on
the
 environment.

In
fact,
that
is
the
goal
of
the
LEED
rating
 system.

A
Platinum
rating
is
third
party
certi(ication
 that
a
building
or
development
is
creating
less
damage
 to
the
environment
than
others,
but
the
earth’s
carrying
 capacity
is
still
being
diminished;
even
Platinum
buildings
 consume
non‐renewable
resources,
and
contribute
to
 climate
change.

Restorative
(or
what
some
refer
to
as
 regenerative)
design
is
the
concept
of
moving
beyond
 doing
less
damage
to
restoring
the
earth’s
capacity
to
 support
human
life
and
the
resilience
of
human
and
 natural
systems.
 II :
Your
(irm
is
known
to
practice
something
called
Plus
 Ultra.

What
is
this
and
how
can
this
approach
help
change
 the
built
environment
towards
a
sustainable
future? 77 :
In
1993
we
began
the
design
of
the
EpiCenter
in
 Bozeman,
Montana.

It
was
an
ambitious
project
funded
 by
a
grant
from
the
National
Institute
for
Standards
and
 Technology;
their
goal
was
to
set
a
new
benchmark
for
 energy
ef(iciency
in
research
laboratories.

Early
in
our

'&

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dialogue
we
discovered
the
importance
of
the
beautiful
 site
in
the
Gallatin
Valley,
which
had
been
celebrated
and
 documented
by
Native
Americans
and
the
Lewis
and
 Clark
journals.

We
discovered
in
our
research
that
even
 though
we
found
the
site
to
be
beautiful,
its
real
beauty
 (biodiversity
and
resilience)
had
been
dramatically
 diminished
by
farming
and
development.

We
enlarged
 our
program
to
include
restoring
biodiversity,
human
 health
and
productivity,
and
to
study
the
economic
 impact
of
this
project
on
the
Gallatin
Valley.

As
I
was
 looking
for
a
way
to
characterize
this
expanded
design
 program
and
sell
it
to
NIST
and
Montana
State
University,
 I
discovered
the
phrase
“Plus
Ultra”
which
is
Latin
for
 “more
beyond.”


 
 This
project
became
more
of
a
benchmark
than
NIST
or
 any
of
us
imagined
when
we
began.

It
became
one
of
 the
pilot
projects
for
LEED
V1
(including,
for
example,
 the
proximity
of
materials).

It
created
a
broad
variety
of
 new
approaches,
tools,
materials
and
systems
including
 a
hybrid
integrated
solar
collector,
super
ef(icient
fume
 hoods,
high
strength‐low
carbon
concrete
utilizing
mine
 tailings
and
(lyash.

Many
of
our
team
members
went
 on
to
play
key
roles
in
the
green
building
movement,
 especially
the
USGBC
(Kath
Williams,
David
Gottfried,
 Rick
Fedrizzi,
Jason
McLennan,
Janine
Benyus,
John
Todd,
 Gail
Vittori,
Pliny
Fisk,
Jim
Goldman,
Greg
Franta,
Nancy
 Clanton,
Colin
Franklin,
Peter
Rumsey,
Judith
Heerwagen
 and
others).

Jason
McLennan
joined
our
(irm
during
the
 project
and
it
was
through
dialogue
with
Jason,
Janine
 and
the
rest
of
the
team
that
the
concept
of
Plus
Ultra
 evolved
to
become
the
Living
Building.

 II :
You’ve
been
a
huge
supporter
of
the
Living
Building
 Challenge
–
what
does
the
program
mean
to
you?

 77 :
I’ve
been
working
on
this
concept
for
more
 than
(ifteen
years
and
was
delighted
when
Jason
and
 Cascadia
took
on
the
evolution
of
the
idea
that
was
born
 in
Montana
and

re(ined
in
our
work
with
the
David
 and
Lucile
Packard
Foundation.

Later
I
was
honored
 to
help
him
introduce
the
Living
Building
Challenge
 at
Greenbuild.

Thanks
to
Cascadia’s
investment
and
 leadership
it
has
become
one
of
the
most
powerful
tools
 available
globally
to
transform
our
thinking,
lifestyles
 and
built
environment
to
create
a
restorative
21st
Century
 global
community.
 II :
BNIM
played
a
big
part
in
the
design
of
the
new
 Omega
Center
that
is
aiming
for
the
Living
Building
 Challenge.

What
aspect
of
that
project
are
you
most
excited
about? 77 :
The
Omega
Institute
is
a
learning
center
in
 upstate
New
York
that
focuses
on
spiritual
renewal
and
 increasing
human
potential.

Their
clients
often
speak
of
 transformative
experiences.

This
new
facility,
the
Omega
 Center
for
Sustainable
Living,
(which
we
hope
will
be
 certi(ied
a
Living
Building
next
spring
after
its
(irst
year
 of
operation)
has
expanded
their
potential
to
reconnect
 their
clients
with
natural
systems,
and
to
demonstrate
 that
treating
human
waste
can
be
beautiful,
carbon‐free
 and
regenerative. But
my
excitement
centers
mostly
on
the
vision
and
 collaboration
at
the
heart
of
this
project.

I
have
always
 loved
a
pioneers’
spirit
of
adventure,
willingness
to
 explore
and
embrace
the
unknown
for
a
good
cause.

Skip
 Backus
and
his
colleagues
at
the
Omega
Institute
have
 demonstrated
all
of
those
attributes
and
more.

They
 entered
into
a
collaboration
with
BNIM
Architects
(led
 by
Laura
Lesniewski)
and
Cascadia
that
involved
more
 time,
cost
and
risk
for
their
organization.

It’s
the
kind
 of
behavior
that
can
change
the
outcome
of
the
human
 story.

We
were
privileged
to
be
their
architect
and
to
 work
with
them,
Jonathan
Todd,
our
team
of
consultants
 and
Cascadia
to
create
the
right
design
and
to
explore
 strategies
to
re(ine
the
Living
Building
Challenge,
but
Skip
 and
his
team
at
Omega
are
my
heroes! II :
Do
you
think
we
are
on
the
right
path
to
making
 necessary
changes
in
the
building
industry
and
how
we
 affect
the
natural
environment?

Given
what
we
know
 of
climate
change
–
we
seem
to
be
falling
behind
the
 timeframe
of
change
required.

How
do
you
feel
about
this? 77 :
I
think
we
are
on
the
right
path,
but
because
there
 are
too
few
embracing
the
level
of
change
that
is
required,
 climate
change
continues
to
accelerate
causing
confusion
 and
making
the
path
to
a
sustainable
future
more
 dif(icult
and
expensive.

If
we
think
of
this
like
climbing
 a
mountain,
we
have
now
established
a
good
base
camp,
 but
the
mountain
looks
different
from
here,
and
the
 delays
resulting
from
our
debate
about
which
route

to
 take
and
how
we
(inance
it
has
been
costly.

The
weather
 is
now
changing
and
becoming
more
severe
than
was
 forecast;
some
are
considering
not
venturing
beyond
the
 base
camp,
and
some
are
retreating
to
the
old
village
in
 spite
of
the
risk
of
avalanche.

 I
hope
Churchill
was
right
when
he
said,
“You
can
always
 count
on
Americans
to
do
the
right
thing,
after
they

have
tried
everything
else
and
failed.”

Surely
we
have
 exhausted
most
of
the
wrong
options
and
stand
on
the
 threshold
of
doing
the
right
thing,
but
I
have
never
felt
 more
urgency.

Science
has
con(irmed
that
Nature
is
 screaming
at
us
to
take
decisive,
restorative
action
now! II :
What
critical
societal
changes
need
to
happen
for
the
 built
environment
to
be
truly
transformed? 77 :
Einstein
said,
“We
shall
require
substantially
a
new
 manner
of
thinking
if
mankind
is
to
survive.”

He
was
 talking
about
the
bomb,
but
I
am
convinced
that
he
was
 correct
at
an
even
larger
scale.

It
seems
that
Western
 scienti(ic
thought
led
us
to
see
ourselves
as
separate
 from
nature,
and
from
one
another;
unless
we
can
 engage
our
hearts
and
spirits,
in
addition
to
our
heads,
 and
see
ourselves
as
an
integral
part
of
all
life
today
and
 tomorrow
we
will
not
be
able
to
embrace
the
level
of
 change
that
will
be
required
to
offer
our
children
reasons
 to
be
optimistic
about
their
future. II :
Finally,
what
inspires
you?

What
gives
you
hope? 77 :
I
am
encouraged
by
what
Paul
Hawken
described
 as
Blessed
Unrest
(the
phenomenal
growth
of
this
 movement
including
USGBC
and
the
World
GBC)
and
 by
thought
leading
organizations
like
Cascadia
and
the
 Living
Building
Challenge,
One
Planet
Communities,
The
 Clinton
Climate
Initiative’s
Climate
Positive
Partners,
 Greensburg
Kansas,
Oberlin
Ohio’s
plan
to
become
the
 (irst
post‐carbon
economy
in
America,
and
a
growing
 body
of
important
initiatives
that
continue
to
raise
the
 level
of
exploration
and
accelerate
change.

 I
am
most
inspired
by
the
rapidly
expanding
community
 of
clear,
young
voices
that
are
bringing
passion,
brilliance
 and
urgency
to
this
growing
conversation,
and
I
am
 hopeful
that
our
impressive
communication
technologies
 will
connect
nearly
everyone
with
this
bright
futuristic
 thinking
as
well
as
give
them
real
time
access
to
the
best
 ideas
and
developments
no
matter
where
they
happen
to
 be
on
the
planet.

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WHAT’S IN YOUR WATER? If there is rigid PVC piping in your community water system, you and your family could be exposed to bacteria, lead and other toxins. PVC has been banned by: The City of San Francisco The City of Seattle Microsoft Target Walmart Go to www.CleanWaterPipeCouncil.org to learn more about the potential health and environmental impacts of rigid PVC in your community water system.

CLICK

for more info about this important issue

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thousands
of
 years
the
relationship
between
 community
and
agriculture
was
simple.

 Wherever
you
had
human
settlement
–
in
great
 numbers
that
is,
you
found
agriculture.

Beyond
 those
that
moved
to
their
food
source
(migratory
hunter
 gatherers)
–
humanity
had
to
live

close
to
their
cultivation.

 The
distances
between
city
and
country
–
between
fields
and
 farms
and
tenements
and
factories
was
related
directly
to
the
 rapidity
of
our
transportation
systems
–
after
all
food
spoils.
So
it
 is
has
only
been
very
recent
in
human
history
–
less
than
200
years
 for
the
more
industrialized
societies
–
and
really
only
in
the
last
80‐ 100
years
for
the
majority
of
humanity,
that
our
food
sources
could
 be
completely
separated
from
the
civic
and
cultural
life
of
people.

 Imagine
that?

For
thousands
of
years
our
food
–
domesticated
 animals,
vegetables,
fruit,
fish
was
interwoven
into
the
 constant
fabric
of
humanity
–being
a
central
determinent
of
 our
regional
personalities,
our
taboo’s,
stories,
rituals
 and
beliefs
–
not
to
mention
serving
as
our
most
 constant
and
powerful
reminder
of
our
place
 in
creation
and
our
role
in
caring
for
 the
lands
that
fed
us.

ig^b iVW

')

And
 then
 suddenly,
 over
 the
 course
 of
 just
 a
 few
 generations,
 timed
 with
 the
 rise
 of
 the
 steam
 train,
 the
 internal
 combustion
 engine
 and
 then
 the
 jet
 engine
 (in
 concert
with
refrigeration),
we
began
to
quickly
separate
 ourselves
from
all
manner
of
food
production.

Each
decade
 over
 the
 last
 two
 hundred
 years
 has
 seen
 significantly
 fewer
people
(as
an
overall
percentage)
responsible
for
 feeding
 the
 rest
 of
 us
 as
 the
 urban/rural
 divide
 grows.

 A
great
disconnect
now
exists
between
what
it
takes
to
 sustain
 ourselves
 and
 what
 the
 environment
 can
 safely
 and
sustainably
produce.

Left
in
the
unfortunate
position
 to
 suddenly
 provide
 for
 oneself,
 most
 global
 citizens
 –
 and
 certainly
 the
 majority
 of
 Americans
 and
 Canadians
 would
quickly
starve.

The
cultural
knowledge
of
how
to
 sustain
our
life
as
a
species
has
been
outsourced.

Food
 is
global
–
grown
often
by
faceless
and
nameless
people
 and
corporations
from
somewhere
else.

As
a
result,
food
 has
 changed
 from
 the
 very
 basis
 and
 fabric
 of
 society
 to
 merely
 something
 we
 merely
 eat.
 Beef
 and
 chicken
 simply
something
that
we
buy
at
the
grocery
store.

Fish
 something
that
comes
deep‐fried
in
the
shape
of
a
stick.
A
 farmer‐
a
quaint
and
somewhat
embarrassing
occupation
 for
those
that
don’t
have
other
options.

that
 create
 geographic,
 physical
 and
 emotional
 barriers
 between
 us
 and
 what
 we
 eat.
 
 Most
 food
 is
 grown
 and/ or
packaged
so
far
from
where
it
is
eventually
consumed
 that
 people
 have
 very
 little
 connection
 to
 the
 process
 of
 food
 production.
 The
 effects
 of
 such
 a
 disconnect
 damage
our
species
just
as
profoundly
as
they
damage
the
 environment.
 As
 we
 reexamine
 how
 we
 build
 our
 cities
 and
neighborhoods
of
the
future
–
to
be
‘living
cities
filled
 with
living
buildings,
sites
and
infrastructure’
it
is
critical
 that
we
simultaneously
address
the
question
of
how
and
 where
 we
 grow
 food
 and
 reconnect
 civilization
 with
 the
 very
thing
that
started
it
–
agriculture.

 We
 need
 to
 return
 food
 and
 the
 art
 of
 farming
 to
 where
 they
 belong:
 our
 own
 backyards,
 neighborhoods
 and
 communities,
whether
we
live
in
a
megacity
or
a
small
town.

 By
doing
so,
we
will
rejuvenate
our
relationship
with
what
 we
 put
 in
 our
 bodies
 while
 reconnecting
 us
 mentally
 and
 spiritually
with
this
wonderful
world
that
sustains
us.

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Let’s
 take
 a
 very
 quick,
 cursery
 look
 at
 just
 some
 of
 the
 catastrophic
problems
associated
with
our
current
global
 In
 short
 we
 have
 engaged
 in
 a
 rapid
 social,
 cultural
 and
 system
of
food
production. ecological
 experiment
 that
 we
 now
 know
 is
 responsible
 for
a
significant
portion
of
our
global
environmental
and
 An energy nightmare and an imbalance of calories.
 social
problems.

 The
amount
of
‘calories’1
we
input
in
order
to
generate
an
 For
most
of
humanity,
food
–
real
food
–
has
slipped
from
 our
 grasp,
 falling
 into
 the
 clutches
 of
 industrial
 systems

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“The 20th-century industrialization of agriculture has increased the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by the food system by an order of magnitude; chemical fertilizers (made from natural gas), pesticides (made from petroleum), farm machinery, modern food processing and packaging and transportation have together transformed a system that in 1940 produced 2.3 calories of food energy for every calorie of fossilfuel energy it used into one that now takes 10 calories of fossil-fuel energy to produce a single calorie of modern supermarket food.” — Michael Pollan2

edible
calorie
has
gone
from
a
positive
to
a
negative
ratio
 in
only
this
last
century.

According
to
Michael
Pollan,
the
 ratio
 of
 food
 energy
 to
 expended
 fossil
 fuel
 energy
 has
 plummeted
in
the
years
since
industrialized
food
emerged
 on
the
American
landscape.

In
other
words,
for
thousands
 of
 years
 we
 extracted
 more
 edible
 calories
 from
 our
 soil
 than
we
spent
to
farm
our
food,
but
we
now
devote
many
 times
 more
 calories
 than
 we
 ever
 harvest.
 This
 inverse
 ratio
is
clearly
not
sustainable
and
is
a
significant
part
of
 our
climate
change
dilemma.

Soil depletion and future starvation.
 Large‐scale
 industrialized
 farming
 operations
 are
 destroying
 the
 natural,
 cyclical
 productivity
 of
 the
 soil
 that
 nurtures
 our
 harvests.
 
 University
 of
 Washington
 Geologist
 David
 Montgomery
states
that
approximately
one
percent
of
our
 topsoil
is
lost
every
year
to
erosion,
most
of
which,
he
notes,
 is
 caused
 by
 agriculture.3
 This
 most
 productive
 segment
 of
the
soil
has
been
subject
to
repeated
disturbances
over
 the
 years,
 to
 the
 point
 where
 its
 most
 fertile
 layers
 are
 literally
 blowing
 or
 draining
 away.
 This
 approach,
 used
 by
 so
 many
 factory
 farms,
 minimizes
 the
 usefulness
 of
 the
 land.
 Fields
 are
 abandoned
 after
 just
 a
 few
 years
 of
 productivity,
 and
 crops
 are
 moved
 to
 the
 next
 location.
 America
 has
 lost
 75
 percent4
 of
 its
 most
 productive
 P'R Æ6c DeZc AZiiZg id i]Z ;VgbZg ^c 8]^Z[Ç [gdb i]Z CZl Ndg` I^bZh BV\Vo^cZ! &%$&'$%-! ]iie/$$lll#b^X]VZaedaaVc#Xdb$Vgi^XaZ#e]e4^Y2., P(R ÆI]Z AdlYdlc dc Idehd^a/ >iÉh 9^hVeeZVg^c\#Ç HZViiaZ E"># &$''$%]iie/$$lll#hZViiaZe^#Xdb$cVi^dcVa$()-'%%TY^gi''#]iba4hdjgXZ2bne^ P)R Ç9^Zi [dg V CZl 6bZg^XV " ?d]c GdWW^chÇ

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topsoil
in
the
last
two
centuries
and
many
countries
have
 literally
stripped
the
fertility
of
their
soils
in
the
name
of
 short
term
gain
and
by
growing
inappropriate
crops
using
 inappropriate
methods
in
order
to
satisfy
global
appetites
 for
particular
food
trends.5
If
this
cycle
continues,
we
will
 literally
end
up
starving
the
land
of
the
soil
we
need
to
feed
 ourselves.

Rising
population
with
dropping
soil
fertility
is
 a
worrisome
trend
to
say
the
least.

A toxic legacy and gambling on our future. 
Our
 land
and
waters
have
now
endured
decades
of
chemical
 assault
 from
 fertilizers
 and
 pesticides
 whose
 long‐ term
 combined
 effects
 are
 often
 still
 not
 fully
 known.
 What
 we
 do
 know
 is
 scary
 –
 all
 of
 humanity
 (not
 to
 mention
 nearly
 all
 other
 species)
 now
 
 ingest
 food
 sprayed
 with
 carcingens,
 mutagens
 and
 endocrine
 disrupters
–
dangerous
neurotoxins
and
substances
that
 bioaccumulate
and
concentrate
in
the
food
chain.
Despite
 the
rising
trend
in
organic
food6,
our
global
food
supplies
 are
increasingly
tainted,
if
not
by
direct
application,
then
 indirectly
 such
 as
 mercury
 from
 coal
 generating
 plants.
 Generations
of
humans
have
consumed
food
grown
in
soil
 treated
with
toxic
substances
and
increasingly
seafood
is
 no
longer
safe
to
eat.
It
is
a
harsh
reality
that
if
current
 trends
 persist
 that
 all
 seafood
 will
 be
 unfit
 for
 human
 consumption
within
the
next
few
decades. P*R eVgi^XjaVgan YZegZhh^c\ ^h i]Z YZeaZi^dc d[ igde^XVa gV^c[dgZhi id \gdl XVh] Xgdeh i]Vi i]Zc gZcYZgh i]Z aVcY cZVgan hiZg^aZ l^i]^c V YZXVYZ# P+R Dg\Vc^X [ddY cdl VXXdjcih [dg Veegdm^bViZan ' eZgXZci d[ 6bZg^XVc VcY 8VcVY^Vc [ddY VcY \gdl^c\ fj^X`an#

'+

The rise of giant agribusiness and the loss of local these
 practices
 every
 day
 when
 we
 visit
 the
 grocery
 control.
While
food
production
and
storage
has
always
 store
and
patron
restaurants
selling
food
from
these
food
 been
used
as
a
point
of
control
between
people,
we
now
 have
the
situation
where
a
few
corporations
control
and
 manipulate
crops
and
animal
products
on
a
global
scale
 –
often
with
little
accountability
and
oversight.

When
we
 pushed
food
production
out
of
our
lives,
we
pushed
them
 into
the
hands
of
organizations
more
than
happy
to
have
 a
monopoly
over
‘products’
that
every
person
needed
to
 purchase
every
day.

suppliers.

When
 corporations
 control
 and
 manipulate
 crops
 or
 animals
 to
 the
 point
 where
 they
 patent
 life
 forms
 and
 claim
ownership
of
genetic
heritage,
I
consider
it
nothing
 less
than
a
crime
against
future
generations
and
the
height
 of
 human
 arrogance.
 
 Genetically
 modified
 food
 is
 being
 pushed
 to
 market
 often
 with
 little
 testing
 and
 a
 limited
 understanding
 of
 the
 potential
 long
 term
 ecological
 and
 We
now
have
the
situation
where
significant
percentages
 health
impacts.

Food
(even
if
modified)
should‐
like
clean
 of
 the
 food
 we
 eat
 is
 controlled
 by
 a
 handful
 of
 mega‐ air
and
clean
water
–
belong
to
all
of
humanity,
not
merely
 corporations
 so
 powerful
 that
 they
 often
 sway
 national
 wealthy
shareholders. politics
 in
 third
 world
 countries
 in
 order
 to
 maximize
 profits
at
the
expense
of
the
masses.
Going
even
further,
 A Global Game of Resource Allocation.

The
global
 many
of
these
corporations
purchase
and
control
water
 agribusiness
paradigm
is
to
do
what
can
be
done
and
grow
 in
 ways
 that
 is
 at
 best
 highly
 unethical
 and
 at
 worst
 what
 can
 be
 grown,
 wherever
 the
 cost
 is
 lowest
 and
 the
 criminal.
One
need
only
look
at
the
example
of
a
software
 potential
 profit
 is
 greatest.
 
 So
 crops
 are
 planted
 where
 company
 in
 rural
 India,
 accused
 by
 locals
 of
 siphoning
 they
would
not
normally
survive,
and
resources
(such
as
 badly
 needed
 ground
 water
 used
 by
 30,000
 residents
 water
 and
 labor)
 are
 brought
 in
 often
 from
 hundreds
 of
 and
 farmers
 in
 surrounding
 communities.7
 We
 support
 miles
 away
 to
 meet
 the
 short‐term
 goals.
 
 Growing
 rice
 and
 cotton
 in
 a
 desert
 is
 insane
 for
 example
 –
 but
 that
 is
 in
 fact
 what
 is
 often
 done
 and
 underground
 aquifers
 P,R >cY^Vc ;VgbZgh! 8dXV"8daV K^Z [dg HXVgXZ LViZg Hjeean# E7H and
 rivers
 are
 sucked
 dry.
 Raising
 cattle
 by
 slashing
 CZlh=djg! &&$&,$%-! ]iie/$$lll#eWh#dg\$cZlh]djg$WW$Vh^V$_jan" YZX%-$lViZglVghT&&"&,#]iba and
 burning
 tropical
 forest
 for
 rangeland
 is
 short
 term

',

L^ciZg '%%.$'%&%

thinking
 of
 the
 highest
 order
 –
 yet
 it
 too
 is
 standard
 operating
procedure.8
 Shipping
grapes
and
asparagus
to
 New
York
and
Vancouver
in
January
is
absolutely
insane
 from
a
carbon
standpoint
–
and
yet
every
grocery
store
 in
every
community
in
North
America
is
proud
to
sell
you
 such
 bounty
 out
 of
 season
 and
 out
 of
 sanity.
 As
 Eric
 A.
 Davison
 described,
 “You
 can’t
 eat
 GNP,”
 and
 in
 the
 next
 few
 decades
 we
 will
 learn
 some
 harsh
 lessons
 from
 misguided
 economists
 and
 corporate
 and
 government
 leaders
who
sold
us
on
the
idea
that
we
can
eat
whatever
 we
want,
whenever
we
want,
wherever
we
want.

consumption
 result
 in
 exponential
 increases
 in
 carbon
 emissions
 and
 water
 use.
 Worse,
 meat
 is
 becoming
 increasingly
 processed
 and
 packaged
 –
 to
 look
 like
 nuggets
or
strips
or
bound
in
fast
food
forms
that
further
 tip
the
calorie
and
resource
imbalance.

Furthermore,
 the
 drive
 to
 increase
 meat
 production
 and
the
subsequent
industrialization
of
animals
creates
 health
 risks
 and
 pollution
 problems:
 unsanitary,
 oversized
 feed
 lots
 are
 breeding
 grounds
 for
 disease,
 for
 example,
 given
 the
 unnaturally
 cramped
 quarters
 and
the
way
they
are
treated
and
housed
that
leaves
the
 The inhumane abuse and misuse of animals.
Eating
 animals
in
a
constant
state
of
stress.

The
water
pollution
 less
 meat
 is
 a
 powerful
 way
 to
 lower
 one’s
 personal
 and
methane
from
factory
farms
can
be
horrific
and
can
 environmental
 impact.
 Raising
 most
 animals
 as
 food
 devastate
local
landscapes.

 demands
 an
 enormous
 amount
 of
 land
 and
 water
 and
 calorie
for
calorie
the
process
demands
far
more
energy
 Worst
 of
 all
 I
 believe,
 is
 how
 we
 have
 desicrated
 and
 input
than
what
it
yields
in
edible
form.

This
is
less
of
a
 dishonored
our
domesticated
partners.
When
all
we
see
is
 problem
when
meat
was
a
small
percentage
of
our
diets
 the
pork
chop
or
the
chicken
breast
we
forget
the
wonderful
 –
but
every
year
people
around
the
world
are
increasing
 animal
 that
 it
 came
 from.
 Humanity
 at
 its
 worst
 can
 be
 their
 meat
 consumption
 and
 view
 it
 as
 an
 important
 found
in
the
factory
farm
where
we
create
conditions
so
 indicator
 of
 success.
 Small
 increases
 in
 national
 meat
 barbaric
and
inhumane
that
if
the
majority
of
americans
 were
 to
 visit
 them
 they
 would
 give
 up
 meat
 altogether.

 There
 is
 no
 excuse
 to
 treat
 animals
 with
 such
 contempt
 P-R igde^XVa hd^ah VgZ cdidg^djhan eddg h^cXZ bdhi dg\Vc^X a^[Z ^h [djcY ^c and
 lack
 of
 respect
 that
 do
 so
 much
 to
 sustain
 our
 lives,
 i]Z [dgZhi XVcden Ä dcXZ hig^eeZY d[ igZZ XdkZg! [VgbZY aVcY dg gVc\ZY aVcY ^c i]ZhZ VgZVh VgZ jcegdYjXi^kZ ^c V kZgn h]dgi i^bZ# especially
when
it
is
possible
to
raise
animals
with
dignity.

ig^b iVW

'-

“We learn from our gardens to deal with the most urgent question of the time: How much is enough?� —Wendell Berry

The industrialized and inhumane feedlots for chickens, pigs  8The  good  news  is  that  awareness  of  these  issues  has  and cattle needs to end, to be replaced only with free range,  begun  to  grow,  and  the  idea  of  localizing  food  is  taking  organically fed and humanely�kept animals. root  throughout  the  country.  A  counter�revolution  to  industrialized  food  is  emerging,  with  people  taking  back  Obesity trends and the health crisis of diet. control of what and how they eat: Industrialized food standards is one of the leading causes  of obesity and a host of emerging medical conditions. It is  v Farmers’  markets  have  risen  in  popularity.    According  to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, there were 4,685  ironic that many of the poor in our country are not starving  farmers’ markets operating across America in mid�2008,  – but in fact are obese and get too many calories� yet from  up from 4,385 in 2006.9 the wrong places. The center aisles of the grocery store  are jammed with products that offer minimal nutritional  v “Locavores�  promote  the  idea  of  consuming  food  that  value  and  whose  packaging  and  transport  require  is  grown  or  produced  within  a  certain  number  of  enormous amounts of energy.  And they’re advertised as  miles (50�250, depending on the location).   More and  “easier to prepare� or “more appealing to picky kids.�   more  individuals  are  now  describing  themselves  as  Worst of all, they’re usually less expensive than natural  goods.  Chips cost less than broccoli; soda costs less than  milk.    So  someone  on  a  tight  budget  shopping  for  their  family  can  get  several  times  more  calories  per  dollar  from the unhealthy packaged food than by simply buying  vegetables  and  fruit.    Guess  what  they  choose?  Again,  our  disconnect  from  how  food  is  grown  and  where  it  comes from have terrible manifestations that affect all of  us including rising health care costs and higher rates of  diabetes and heart disease and possibly cancer. These trends would be simple to reverse by appropriately  taxing or subsidizing foods depending on their nutritional  content. 

EA6CI>C< I=: H::9H Alright, let’s leave this bad news for now. There are some  incredible books on these subjects as well as documentaries  that can provide you with more information than you could  ever process. 

'.

L^ciZg '%%.$'%&%

locovores.

v The Slow Food organization was formed to “counteract  fast  food  and  fast  life,  the  disappearance  of  local  food  traditions  and  people’s  dwindling  interest  in  the  food  they  eat,  where  it  comes  from,  how  it  tastes  and  how  our food choices affect the rest of the world.�10  

v Similarly,  there  are  more  associations  forming  with 

the  goal  of  preserving  heirloom  vegetables  and  ‘non� industrialized’ domestic animals that once saw different  types of chickens, cows, pigs in every region.

v Vegetarianism is losing its radical image and becoming 

more  mainstream,  with  an  increasing  number  of  Americans  embracing  a  meat�free  lifestyle.  Vegans  – 

P-R > gZXdbbZcY gZVY^c\ B^X]VZa EdaaZcÉh Wdd`h Vh lZaa Vh LZcYZaa 7Zggn VcY LZh ?VX`hdc# P.R ]iie/$$lll#Vbh#jhYV#\dk$6BHk&#%$Vbh#[ZiX]IZbeaViZ9ViV#Yd4iZbe aViZ2IZbeaViZ< cVk>92L]daZhVaZVcY;VgbZghBVg`Zih aZ[iCVk2L]daZ hVaZVcY;VgbZghBVg`Zih eV\Z2L;B;VXih6Wdji;VgbZghBVg`Zih YZh Xg^ei^dc2;VXih 6Wdji ;VgbZgh BVg`Zih VXXi2[gbgY^gb`i P&%R lll#hadl[ddY#Xdb

who
take
it
one
step
further
are
also
slowly
increasing
 a
regional
and
local
one
also
comes
with
many
potential
 in
numbers. economic
 opportunities
 as
 new
 industries
 evolve
 to
 v Community‐supported
agriculture
(CSA)
farms
are
on
the
 support
this
new
paradigm. rise,
enabling
people
to
invest
with
the
farmer
‐
taking
the
 risk
out
of
smaller
more
diverse
farms
and
reconnecting
 people
with
who
grows
their
food
and
how.

While
 this
 may
 sound
 radical,
 more
 radical
 is
 the
 hubris
 that
 we
 can
 simply
 grow
 cities
 without
 concern
 for
 carrying
capacity
–
at
some
point
in
this
century
this
rude
 awakening
is
coming
and
its
conceivable
that
whole
cities
 will
be
abandoned
as
quickly
as
they
were
created. I
 might
 suggest
 for
 example
 that
 at
 least
 half
 of
 every
 consumed
 calorie
 in
 a
 given
 community
 comes
 from
 within
 200
 miles
 of
 its
 core.
 Achieving
 this
 milestone
 would
 have
 huge
 environmental
 benefits.
 In
 that
 same
 vein,
a
community
should
also
seek
to
get
80%
of
its
food
 supply
 from
 within
 a
 500‐mile
 radius.
 
 With
 this
 model,
 only
 a
 small
 percentage
 of
 high‐value
 or
 climate
 specific
 products
(like
bananas,
coffee,
chocolate)
would
make
up
 part
 of
 our
 diets.
 We
 would
 eat
 seasonally
 and
 learn
 to
 appreciate
food
a
great
deal
more. “But
surely
this
would
make
us
poorer?”
someone
schooled
 in
the
current
paradigm
might
say. But
the
answer
is
emphatically
–
no!

 There
is
a
reason
why
we
like
regional
cuisines
–
French,
 Italian,
 Indian,
 Thai,
 Mexican,
 Chinese
 etc.
 that
 arose
 based
on
locally
available
 inputs.
It
is
in
fact
‘limits’
that
 make
 us
 creative
 and
 drive
 culinary
 innovation
 –
 access
 to
 everything
 at
 any
 time
 makes
 us
 lazy
 and
 our
 food
 bland.
Transforming
from
a
global
food
paradigm
back
to

ig^b iVW

Our society would in fact be much richer if we ate seasonally and regionally The
 idea
 is
 to
 return
 food
 to
 its
 local
 and
 sustainable
 roots,
ensuring
that
we
can
feed
humanity
for
thousands
 of
more
years
to
come
rather
than
hijacking
the
future
so
 that
we
can
have
tomatoes
in
January
and
fish
flown
in
 from
South
America.

Each
region
of
the
country
would
 have
 its
 own
 set
 of
 specialties
 that
 get
 shipped
 out
 of
 the
area
on
a
limited
basis
with
pricing
that
reflected
its
 uniqueness.

But
the
majority
of
our
food
products
would
 stay
 close
 to
 home
 so
 that
 our
 regions
 would
 be
 self‐ sufficient
and
self‐sustaining.

I=: ;JIJG: D; ;DD9 A
future
food
system
that
is
truly
sustainable
must
be:

s Organic: 
There
is
simply
no
place
for
chemicals
in
the
 food
chain.

None,
zip,
zero.

s Less processed:
 When
 our
 food
 comes
 from
 nearby
 sources,
its
journey
from
field
to
table
is
refreshingly
brief.

 Ingredients
are
pure;
additives
are
unnecessary.

Chicken
 should
look
like
chicken
and
taste
like
chicken
–
not
like
 cardboard
and
salt.

'/

s Mindfully packaged:
 
 When
 food
 packaging
 is
 required,
it
must
be
done
so
that
the
shelf
life
of
the
 product
and
the
shelf
life
of
the
package
is
in
relative
 sync.
An
item
that
will
spoil
within
ten
days
should
 be
 wrapped
 in
 a
 vessel
 that
 perhaps
 has
 a
 lifespan
 of
 two
 months–
 not
 a
 petroleum
 package
 that
 lasts
 ten
 thousand
 years.
 Containers
 should
 either
 biodegrade
or
be
reusable,
with
even
recycling
a
last
 order
resort.

s Primarily Vegetable or Fruit:
 While
 I
 am
 not
 suggesting
 an
 exclusively
 vegetarian
 future,
 I
 believe
 that
 our
 society
 should
 dramatically
 reduce
 it’s
 meat
 consumption
 by
 50‐75%
 and
 the
 majority
 of
 our
 calories
should
come
from
vegetables,
fruits
and
grains.
 Animals
 that
 are
 raised
 for
 slaughter
 should
 be
 kept
 in
 free‐range,
 non‐industrial
 settings
 appropriate
 to
 region
and
sold
only
to
local
consumers.

Meat
and
fish
 should
 almost
 exclusively
 be
 local
 with
 the
 potential
 exceptions
 of
 cured
 meats
 like
 salami.
 
 Shipping
 refrigerated
 animal
 products
 around
 the
 world
 is
 insanity.

s Regional:
 
 The
 great
 foods
 of
 the
 world
 emerged

from
 the
 unique
 climatic
 realities
 of
 those
 regions,
 where
 food
 was
 grown
 and
 eaten
 locally.
 
 In
 recent
 generations,
globalization
has
made
virtually
all
foods
 available
in
all
corners
of
the
world
at
any
time
of
the
 year.
 While
 recipes,
 like
 ideas,
 should
 travel
 around
 the
world,
ingredients
should
be
local
–
unique
fusion
 cuisines
 are
 created
 through
 local
 substitutions
 for
 exotic
ingredients.

68=>:K67A:! >C:K>I67A: 8=6C<: Here’s
 the
 thing,
 the
 changes
 outlined
 in
 this
 article
 are
 not
 philosophical,
 they
 are
 inevitable.
 How
 long
 we

(&

L^ciZg '%%.$'%&%

think
 we
 can
 live
 with
 a
 food
 production
 system
 that
 would
take
several
planet
earths’
to
sustain
it
is
an
easy
 question
to
answer
–
not
long.

Our
current
paradigm
has
 a
shelf
life
of
likely
two‐to‐four
decades
at
most.

Peak
oil,
 peak
water,
the
growing
toxicity
of
our
oceans
and
soils
 and
 increased
 population,
 combined
 with
 the
 globally
 disruptive
impacts
of
climate
change
are
going
to
bring
 change
 to
 us.
 Food
 in
 2030
 will
 be
 radically
 different
 than
in
2010

‐
get
over
it.

Rising
fuel
prices
alone
will
be
 enough
to
trigger
a
shrinking
of
our
food
footprint.

 When
 the
 price
 of
 energy
 and
 water
 reach
 a
 certain
 threshold,
the
cost
of
shipping
food
and
ingredients
around
 the
 world
 will
 become
 prohibitive.
 
 We
 will
 then
 see
 a
 market
contraction
at
that
point,
and
regional
food
will
re‐ emerge
on
its
own.
Its
simple
economics.
Left
to
the
path
 we
are
currently
on
we
are
going
to
be
forced
into
radical
 systemic
modifications. Much
better
to
plan
ahead. Just
 as
 it
 was
 considered
 patriotic
 to
 plant
 crops
 and
 harvest
 food
 for
 family
 and
 neighbors
 during
 the
 post‐ World
 War
 II
 Victory
 Garden
 movement
 (in
 which
 an
 estimated
 20
 million
 Americans
 participated),
 the
 coming
trend
will
follow
similar
patterns.

People
will
re‐ connect
with
their
land
and
re‐acquaint
themselves
with
 what
 they
 eat,
 ultimately
 nurturing
 the
 health
 of
 their
 communities.
 Market
 forces
 will
 drive
 individuals
 and
 families
 in
 urban,
 suburban
 and
 rural
 settings
 toward
 the
 soil.
 Sections
 of
 the
 landscape
 previously
 reserved
 for
suburban
sprawl
development
will
gradually
convert
 to
 local
 food
 production
 zones.
 Homeowners
 will
 turn
 useless
lawn
into
useful
garden
plots.

ig^b iVW

I=: A>K>C< 7J>A9>C< 8=6AA:C<: '#% When
the
primary
goal
is
true
sustainability,
then
we
must
 always
 assess
 density
 and
 carrying
 capacity
 as
 a
 species
 for
a
given
place
–
beginning
with
our
broader
regions
and
 drilling
 down
 to
 our
 cities,
 neighborhoods,
 multifamily
 buildings
and
single‐family
homes.

 As
discussed
in
previous
Trim
Tab
issues,
sustainability
 hinges
 on
 density.
 Our
 current
 cities
 are
 not
 dense
 enough
 and
 rely
 almost
 exclusively
 on
 the
 automobile
 at
 the
 expense
 of
 public
 transportation,
 biking
 or
 walking.
 
 It
 is
 our
 belief
 that
 cities
 will
 continue
 to
 get
 more
 dense
 in
 the
 coming
 years
 which
 will
 greatly
 lower
their
environmental
footprint,
and
yet
we
have
to
 recognize
 that
 there
 is
 a
 tension
 between
 growing
 food
 in
communities
and
significant
density
–
after
all
–
there
 is
only
so
much
space.
Grow
too
much
food
in
a
city
and
 you
 reduce
 density,
 potentially
 causing
 even
 greater
 environmental
problems.
Moreover,
a
living
city
should
be
 energy
independent
with
rooftops
and
structures
covered
 with
 photovoltaic’s.
 
 When
 food
 and
 energy‐generation
 collide
in
a
dense
community,
energy
generation
should
 dominate.

It
would
be
extremely
counter‐productive
to
 replace
a
rooftop
solar
system
with
a
rooftop
garden
in
 order
to
grow
food
for
the
building’s
residents
as
food
can
 be
brought
into
the
center
of
the
city
more
efficiently. Addressing
the
tension
between
density
and
sustainability,
 and
considering
how
food
comes
into
proper
play,
involves
 looking
at
the
bigger
picture
of
each
community’s
needs.

 Projects
in
the
urban
core
that
satisfy
density
requirements
 and
 function
 in
 self‐sustaining
 ways
 should
 be
 released
 from
 aggressive
 food
 production
 duties.
 Urban
 farming
 should
 definitely
 play
 a
 role;
 but
 areas
 with
 greater
 percentages
of
land
and
lower
density
levels
should
bear
 more
of
the
agricultural
burden.

('

Suburbs,
 as
 it
 turns
 out,
 offer
 ideal
 farming
 landscapes.

 Land
 is
 more
 plentiful,
 and
 is
 in
 close
 proximity
 to
 the
 dense
 city
 populations
 that
 require
 the
 crops.
 
 Lower
 density
 neighborhoods
 can
 serve
 both
 residential
 and
 agricultural
 purposes
 or
 simply
 repurposed
 as
 new
 agricultural
zones.

but
 land
 is
 still
 limited,
 would
 have
 difficulty
 reaching
 agricultural
independence,
so
it
is
through
a
combination
 of
 growing
 a
 small
 but
 visible
 percentage
 of
 our
 food
 within
a
city,
a
greater
percentage
yet
in
our
suburbs
and
 the
bulk
then
within
a
few
hundred
miles.

86AA>C< ;DG I=: JG76C ;6GB 8O6G ;DD9! ;6GB>C< 6C9 I=: A>K>C< 7J>A9>C< As
 urban
 and
 suburban
 agriculture
 gains
 momentum,
 8=6AA:C<: Food
 production
 systems
 are
 such
 a
 critical
 part
 of
 sustainability
 that
 they
 have
 earned
 a
 required
 spot
 in
 the
Living
Building
Challenge
2.0
(LBC).

The
LBC’s
Urban
 food
 Imperative
 establishes
 specific
 guidelines
 for
 food
 and
its
place
along
the
density‐sustainability
continuum.

 The
standard
spells
out
site
density
requirements
based
on
 a
Floor
Area
Ratio
(F.A.R.)
calculation.

Higher
density
urban
 buildings
that
cover
their
entire
sites
and
climb
above
three
 stories,
for
example,
carry
F.A.R.
ratios
of
3.0
or
more,
while
 suburban‐based
 structures
 surrounded
 by
 large
 areas
 of
 land
have
F.A.R.
ratios
that
drop
below
1.0.

Simply
put
–
the
 less
dense
the
greater
food
production
required.

it
 will
 need
 oversight.
 
 One
 possible
 solution
 would
 be
 to
 establish
 ‘Municipal
 Farmers’
 or
 Urban
 Farm
 Czars
 in
 every
community
just
like
there
are
city
planners
or
police
 commissioners.
 These
 officials
 would
 rank
 high
 in
 local
 government,
reporting
straight
to
the
mayor
or
city
manager,
 and
have
direct
access
to
all
key
municipal
departments.


 Here’s
how
it
would
work:

Managing urban agriculture.
 Larger
 cities
 would
 require
 entire
 Urban
 Farm
 departments,
 while
 a
 small
 town
might
only
need
one
person
to
manage
its
processes.
 The
 individual
 or
 team
 would
 be
 responsible
 for
 comprehensive
food
production
programs
within
a
city’s
 boundaries.

The
Urban
Farm
Czar
would
help
assess
and
 re‐purpose
 appropriate
 public
 land
 for
 agricultural
 use.
 Vegetable
 plots
 would
 appear
 in
 municipal
 parks,
 fruit
 trees
would
grow
along
city
sidewalks,
available
rooftops
 of
 public
 buildings
 and
 participating
 private
 buildings
 would
grow
rooftop
gardens.

The
LBC
Urban
Agricultural
Standard
(which
applies
to
any
 building,
 regardless
 of
 its
 location)
 calls
 for
 responsible
 land
use.
(see
diagram
on
page
23) A
typical
American
family
would
need
to
devote
a
half‐
to
 a
full
acre
to
agriculture
if
it
were
to
be
self‐sufficient
in
 terms
 of
 its
 food
 calories.
 
 Clearly,
 this
 is
 not
 a
 realistic
 scenario
 within
 the
 more
 dense
 landscapes
 of
 our
 cities
 required
 for
 humanity
 to
 live
 sustainably
 on
 the
 planet
 Turning property into profits.
Most
cities
and
towns
 in
 the
 numbers
 we
 currently
 have.
 
 Even
 a
 city’s
 outer
 own
vast
tracks
of
land
that
end
up
being
fiscal
burdens
 neighborhoods,
 where
 density
 levels
 are
 slightly
 lower
 due
 to
 the
 costs
 of
 cutting
 park
 grass
 and
 cleaning
 up

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trash‐filled
 streets.
 
 By
 allocating
 a
 portion
 of
its
 land
 to
 agriculture,
a
municipality
could
grow
some
of
its
citizens’
 own
 food,
 charging
 enough
 to
 meet
 its
 expenses
 and
 employ
 its
 workers.
 
 The
 low‐hanging
 fruit
 in
 sidewalk
 orchards
 would
 be
 freely
 available
 to
 pedestrians,
 while
 the
 majority
 of
 crops
 would
 be
 picked
 and
 processed
by
 department
 crews
 or
 private
 companies
 on
 contract.

 Produce
 would
 be
 sold
 directly
 to
 citizens
 or
 to
 local
 private
enterprise.
Even
city‐owned
farm
equipment
could
 be
rented
to
locals.

Tying in to other urban processes. Once
we
start
fixing

systems
 as
 broken
 as
 our
 food
 production
 process,
 other
 improvements
 tend
 to
 fall
 into
 place.
 
 Water
 run‐off
 from
 green
buildings,
monitored
by
the
Urban
Farm
Czar,
could
 help
irrigate
urban
crops.

Safe
water
practices
would
need
 to
 be
 observed,
 so
 the
 Urban
 Farming
 Department
 would
 coordinate
 with
 city
 water
 management
 and
 state
 public
 health
agencies
and
localized
waste
management
systems,
 perhaps
incorporating
municipal
composting
programs
to
 increase
 soil
 fertility
 within
 city
 boundaries
 and
 turning
 stormwater
 runoff
 from
 a
 burden
 to
 an
 amenity.
 
 Such
 Satisfying all levels of density.
 Residents
 of
 lower
 synergistic
links
among
industries
would
contribute
to
the
 density
areas
could
rent
out
portions
of
their
land
so
that
 overall
health
of
the
community
and
enable
an
integrated
 citizens
from
denser
urban
neighborhoods
could
also
farm
 food
economy.
 –
playing
off
of
the
current
“pea
patch”
model.

Of
course,
 certain
 sections
 of
 industrialized
 cities
 are
 ill‐suited
 to
 Enhancing the strength of the local food industry.

 farming,
given
the
proximity
to
harmful
chemicals
and
the
 The
 Farm
 Czar
 would
 see
 to
 it
 that
 local
 farming
 efforts
 risk
of
crop
contamination.

Similarly,
land
adjacent
to
busy
 work
in
tandem
with
the
local
food
industry,
particularly
 roadways
and
freeways
absorbs
far
too
many
toxins
from
 when
it
comes
to
distribution
of
by‐products.

For
example,
 vehicle
exhaust.

(However,
in
an
ideal
future,
automobiles
 a
brewery
might
offer
its
spent
grain
to
dairy
farmers,
who
 will
produce
zero
emissions.) could
feed
it
to
their
cows.

By
evaluating
the
many
points
 along
 the
 local
 farming
 chain,
 the
 Farm
 Czar
 would
 let
 Paid for by taxes on undesirable products.
 
 The
 nothing
useful
go
to
waste.



 position
 and/or
 department
 would
 be
 funded
 by
 local
 taxes
on
processed
foods
(perhaps
one
percent
of
sales
 Nurturing entire communities.

Local
 harvests
 will
 from
 a
 certain
 class
 of
 products).
 
 Expenses
 would
 be
 put
 fresh,
 organic
 foods
 on
 family
 tables
 throughout
 covered
 and
 food
 incentives
 realigned.
 
 Broccoli
 would
 cities
 and
 the
 surrounding
 communities
 through
 go
untaxed,
but
Doritos®
would
help
underwrite
urban
 active
 farmers
 markets
 that
 become
 centerpieces
 of
 farming.
 
 Families
 on
 a
 budget
 would
 be
 rewarded
 for
 each
 neighborhood.
 
 Eating
 habits
 will
 improve
 with
 feeding
 healthy
 food
 to
 their
 children.
 
 Taxes
 might
 an
 increase
 in
 healthy
 ingredients
 and
 a
 decrease
 in
 even
 be
 assessed
 based
 on
 the
 distance
 food
 products
 processed
 products.
 
 Cities
 could
 create
 centralized
 must
 travel.
 
 Economic
 realities
 would
 lead
 to
 greater
 food
banks,
supplied
by
the
harvests
of
their
own
local
 entrepreneurial
agricultural
efforts. fields.

Healthcare
costs
would
decline
as
the
population
 embraces
healthier
eating
habits.

(*

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Establishing grants and financial incentives.
 build
green
farming
high‐rises,
but
I
respectfully
suggest
 Citizens
 could
 apply
 to
 the
 Farm
 Czar
 for
 city
 grants
 to
 help
fund
new
food
ventures
that
would
capitalize
on
local
 harvests
and
create
jobs
for
local
residents.

Farming
and
 value‐added
food
development
would
become,
once
again,
 a
viable
way
to
make
a
living
and
support
a
family.

Introducing Food and Animals back into culture:

that
they
shift
their
focus
to
what
food‐related
problems
 can
be
tackled
on
land
rather
than
in
the
sky. Our
food
system
is
unquestionably
broken.

But
it
is
fixable.

 If
enough
of
us
reject
overly
packaged
goods,
purchase
more
 local
 food
 products,
 commit
 to
 environmentally‐friendly
 processes
 and
 make
 better
 use
 of
 the
 land
 that
 surrounds
 us,
we
can
plant
the
seeds
of
profound
food‐oriented
change
 that
will
sprout
as
inevitable
pressures
drive
food
local
once
 again.

how
 will
 our
 attitudes
 and
 values
 change
 if
 every
 neighborhood
had
their
own
flock
of
chickens
or
goats?

 What
 if
 children
 in
 the
 next
 generation
 began
 to
 truly
 understand
the
connections
between
food,
consumption,
 waste
 and
 environmental
 health?
 The
 Urban
 Farm
 This
next
decade
is
the
beginning
of
a
revolution
in
Urban
 Czar
 could
 coordinate
 new
 educational
 opportunities,
 Agriculture. internships
 and
 outreach
 to
 local
 schools
 at
 all
 levels.

 Retired
 individuals
 often
 possessing
 invaluable
 knowledge
 of
 local
 agriculture
 as
 well
 as
 recipes
 could
 form
a
new
corp
of
volunteer
food
stewards
training
and
 overseeing
projects.

7J>A9>C< 6 HJHI6>C67A: ;JIJG: ;GDB I=: <GDJC9 JE As
 we
 examine
 our
 food
 processes
 and
 explore
 the
 long‐ term
possibilities
of
urban
agriculture,
it
all
comes
back
to
 what
is
most
sane
and
most
sustainable.

 As
 much
 as
 I
 admire
 the
 notion
 of
 “vertical
 farming”
 –
 urban
skyscrapers
devoted
to
year‐round
fruit,
vegetable
 and
algae
harvests
–
I
still
contend
that
crops
belong
in
the
 soil
on
the
ground.

The
earth
is
where
it
is
for
a
reason,
 and
 I
 believe
 that
 it
 makes
the
 most
 ecological
 and
 even
 spiritual
 sense
 to
 get
 our
 hands
 dirty
 as
 we
 tend
 to
 our
 gardens
and
farms.

I
applaud
the
visionaries
who
want
to

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There’s strength in numbers Become a member today and take your place at the leading edge of the green building movement. “The New Green is Blue” Wednesday, January 20th 4pm, Henrybuilt’s Seattle Showroom

Duwamish “Superfund” River Boat Tour Wednesday, February 3rd 12pm-2pm

Speakers: Jason F. McLennan, Cascadia Green Building Council Scott Wolfe, The Miller | Hull Partnership

Guided by: Cari Simson Duwamish River Cleanup Coalition

Cascadia Region Green Building Council

Often overlooked, water resource issues are quickly moving into the center of the environmental and social justice debate worldwide, with huge implications related to climate change, toxic releases and human equity. This session will explore why Blue is the New Green.

Explore 5.5 miles of the Duwamish River’s natural and human history aboard the Admiral Pete power boat. DRCC guides and guests will share information about the Superfund cleanup process and environmental justice concerns for the Duwamish Valley.

Join Today

ARCADE

ARCADE Volume 28

28.2 Water

A New Alchemy, Education Series

“The New Green is Blue” Wednesday, January 20th 4pm-6pm, Henrybuilt’s Seattle Showroom

Using the basic elements of our world — earth, water, air or fire — as starting points, we ask, “How can the design community re-imagine the very basic aspects of our world to create something unexpected, new and valuable?” A New Alchemy is a series of education events organized by ARCADE, AIA Seattle, and Henrybuilt.

Look for email invitations soon. To join our email list or for more information, please contact info@arcadejournal.com or call 206.971.5596. www.arcadejournal.com ARCADE provides independent dialogue about design and the built environment.

ARCADE ARCHITECTURE / DESIGN IN THE NORTHWEST

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Speakers: Jason F. McLennan, Cascadia Green Building Council Scott Wolfe, The Miller | Hull Partnership Often overlooked, water resource issues are quickly moving into the center of the environmental and social justice debate worldwide, with huge implications related to climate change, toxic releases and human equity. This session will explore why Blue is the New Green. Duwamish “Superfund” River Boat Tour Wednesday, February 3rd 12pm-2pm Guided by: Cari Simson Duwamish River Cleanup Coalition Explore 5.5 miles of the Duwamish River’s natural and human history aboard the Admiral Pete power boat. DRCC guides and guests will share information about the Superfund cleanup process and environmental justice concerns for the Duwamish Valley.

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 as
 the
 concept
 of
 sustainable
 design
 spreads,
 and
 tools
 like
 the
 USGBC’s
 LEED
 rating
 system
 expand
 in
 acceptance
 and
 application,
 a
 movement
 is
 taking
 shape
 that
is
driving
sustainable
design
toward
a
more
holistic
 and
systemic
approach.

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At
 a
 conceptual
 level,
 we
 have
 long
 been
 aware
 of
 the
 interconnectedness
 of
 things,
 and
 we
 have
 understood
 individual
 buildings
 to
 be
 part
 of
 a
 larger
 whole
 –
 a
 neighborhood,
a
larger
district,
a
city
and
so
forth.
But
for
 a
 variety
 of
 reasons,
 whether
 cost,
 complexity,
 political
 will
or
knowledge,
that
whole
has
rarely
been
the
focus
of
 sustainable
design
efforts.
Instead,
a
building‐by‐building
 approach
has
ruled.
 But
eyes
are
now
opening
to
the
limits
of
that
approach,
 due
 to
 the
 emergence
 of
 carbon
 neutrality
 as
 a
 building
 benchmark
and
because
performance
metrics
have
made
 clear
that
the
building‐by‐building
approach
to
sustainable
 design
 has
 thus
 far
 fallen
 short
 of
 achieving
 the
 desired
 environmental
benefits.
 And
 so
 an
 alternative
 approach
 is
 needed;
 an
 approach
 that
 views
 buildings
 not
 as
 individual
 entities
 but
 as
 interconnected
 structures
 capable
 of
 producing
 and
 sharing
resources
like
water
and
energy.
Indeed,
it
is
only
 through
 such
 interconnectedness
 that
 carbon
 neutral
 design
will
be
possible
on
an
economically
viable
scale.

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As
is
so
often
the
case,
nature
provides
us
with
a
blueprint
 for
what
an
interconnected
system
of
buildings
might
look
 like.
 For
 example,
 in
 an
 ecosystem
 all
 plants,
 animals
 and
 micro‐organisms
 in
 an
 area
 function
 together
 with
 all
 of
 the
non‐living
physical
factors
of
the
environment,
creating
 a
 unit
 of
 interdependent
 organisms
 that
 share
 the
 same
 habitat.
 As
 Janine
 Benyus
 explains,
 in
 the
 case
 of
 mature

(-

forests
 this
 interconnectedness
 manifests
 in
 canopy
 trees
 sharing
CO2
underground
with
the
root
systems
of
shaded
 undergrowth,
or
in
differing
plants
utilizing
roots
of
differing
 depth
to
store
and
share
water
as
needed
seasonally.

1999.
There,
following
the
tornado,
the
city
council
passed
 a
resolution
stating
that
all
city
buildings
would
be
built
to
 LEED
Platinum
standards,
making
it
the
first
city
in
the
nation
 to
do
so,
and
one
of
the
few
where
the
idea
of
“starting
over,”
 however
unfortunate,
became
a
reality.

Similarly,
buildings
can
be
coupled
to
form
an
EcoDistrict,
 creating
a
system
where
the
whole
is
able
to
outperform
 Now,
for
communities
where
starting
over
isn’t
an
option,
 the
individual. EcoDistricts
 are
 providing
 a
 similar
 opportunity,
 using
 performance
 data
 from
 existing
 LEED
 certified
 buildings
 and
the
goal
of
carbon
neutrality
to
expand
the
sustainable
 >>/ L=6I >H 6C :8D9>HIG>8I design
frontier. Rob
Bennett,
the
founding
Executive
Director
of
the
Portland
 +
 Oregon
 Sustainability
 Institute
 (POSI),
 and
 a
 former
 policy
manager
for
the
Clinton
Climate
Initiative,
defines
an
 >>>/ ;GDB K>H>DC ID G:6A>IN EcoDistrict
as
“a
neighborhood
that
generates
all
its
energy
 EcoDistricts
 are
 being
 considered
 in
 a
 variety
 of
 locations,
 from
 on‐site
 renewables,
 collects
 and
 recycles
 rainwater
 from
college
campuses
to
dense
urban
neighborhoods,
and
in
 and
 waste,
 and
 prioritizes
 pedestrian,
 bike,
 and
 transit
 many
cases
a
single
building
project
has
served
as
the
catalyst
 access.
It
combines
mixed
use,
mixed
income
development,
 for
exploring
a
systemic
approach
to
sustainable
design.
 neighborhood
scale
parks,
schools,
community
centers
and
 services,
and
enhanced
IT
infrastructure.”
 In
 Portland,
 Oregon,
 for
 example,
 the
 development
 of
 a
 hotel
 adjacent
 to
 the
 city’s
 convention
 center
 recently
 Portland’s
Pearl
District,
Denver’s
LoDo,
and
Salt
Lake
City’s
 sparked
 the
 exploration
 of
 incorporating
 an
 EcoDistrict
 City
 Creek
 all
 serve
 as
 examples
 of
 neighborhoods
 where
 into
the
surrounding
Lloyd
District,
a
neighborhood
that
 urban
renewal
efforts
have
spawned
a
slew
of
LEED‐certified
 features
 a
 variety
 of
 businesses;
 multi‐family
 housing;
 mixed‐use
 buildings
 and
 other
 positive
 developments,
 two
sports
stadiums;
limited
greenways;
and
a
number
of
 including
expanded
retail
opportunities,
new
mass‐transit,
 public
transportation
options,
including
light
rail
and
bus,
 and
 the
 development
 of
 parks
 and
 cultural
 venues.
 
 But
 as
well
as
a
new
streetcar
line.
 these
neighborhoods
do
not
yet
produce
their
own
power
 or
treat
their
water
in
a
closed
loop.
 Among
the
catalysts
for
this
broader
exploration
are
both
 the
political
and
the
physical.
 EcoDistricts,
 however,
 seek
 to
 do
 just
 that,
 leveraging
 not
 only
 new
 technology
 and
 new
 research
 but
 also
 growing
 Politically,
the
state
of
Oregon
and
the
city
of
Portland
have
 political
 and
 economic
 will
 to
 push
 the
 boundaries
 of
 created
 entities
 to
 help
 foster
 both
 cross‐jurisdictional
 sustainable
design.
 development
 efforts
 and
 broader
 sustainable
 initiatives.
 For
example,
Oregon
Solutions
was
formed
to
help
address
 To
 understand
 how
 significant
 this
 shift
 is,
 consider
 what
 complex
 issues
 that
 require
 collaborative
 community
 might
be
the
most
prominent
domestic
example
of
a
systemic
 governance,
including
efforts
like
EcoDistricts
that
require
 approach
 to
 sustainable
 design:
 Greensburg,
 Kansas,
 a
 buy‐in
from
governments,
private
landowners,
developers,
 town
that
was
all
but
destroyed
by
a
category
5
tornado
in
 and
business.

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i]gdj\] KZ]^XaZ"id"<g^Y X]Vg\^c\! VcY i]Z Y^hig^Xi ldjaY ]VkZ i]Z WZ\^cc^c\h d[ V hbVgi \g^Y#Z Y^hig^XiÉh ]diZah! i]Z DgZ\dc 8dckZci^dc 8ZciZg! VcY i]Z GdhZ <VgYZc 6gZcV XVc WZ iVeeZY id XgZViZ ZaZXig^X^in ^c Vc 6cVZgdW^X 9^\Zhi^dc [VX^a^in! h]dlc ]ZgZ Vi i]Z hdji] ZcY d[ i]Z DgZ\dc 8dckZci^dc 8ZciZg# 8dbW^cZY l^i] Y^hig^WjiZY gdd[ide VcY Wj^aY^c\"^ciZ\gViZY hdaVg e]didkdaiV^X eVcZah! i]ZhZ hnhiZbh egdk^YZ \g^Y"i^ZY gZcZlVWaZ ZcZg\n i]Vi ZmXZZYh l]Vi XVc WZ VX]^ZkZY Wn ^cY^k^YjVa Wj^aY^c\h# 6YY id i]Vi i]Z [jijgZ ediZci^Va [dg Vkd^Y^c\ eZV` ZcZg\n YZbVcYh i]gdj\] KZ]^XaZ"id"<g^Y X]Vg\^c\! VcY i]Z Y^hig^Xi ldjaY ]VkZ i]Z WZ\^cc^c\h d[ V hbVgi \g^Y#

Similar
organizations
can
be
found
across
the
country,
 many
 of
 them
 being
 formed
 as
 communities
 confront
 significant
 economic
 and
 environmental
 challenges
 –
 and
opportunities.
 Indeed,
 it
 is
 the
 opportunity
 to
 transform
 (and
 to
 benefit
 economically
from
that
transformation)
that
is
driving
much
 of
the
political
will.
Thus,
just
as
cities
like
Portland,
Denver,
 and
Salt
Lake
City
have
seen
their
inner
cities
spring
to
life
 via
existing
urban
renewal
projects,
so
too
there
is
hope
that
 EcoDistricts
will
fuel
further
economic
and
physical
renewal,
 coupled
with
true
environmental
benefit,
including;
 >begdkZY LVhiZ BVcV\ZbZci Hdaji^dch/
 Reducing
 landfill
volumes
and
minimizing
waste
collection
by
using
 waste
to
generate
electricity.
 GZYjXZY 8VgWdc ;ddieg^ci/
 District
 thermal
 systems
 minimize
distributed
use
of
natural
gas
to
generate
heating
 and
cooling;
decreased
vehicle
miles
traveled
due
to
24/7
 uses
 and
 services
 in
 district
 with
 intermodal
 transit;
 increased
 vegetation
 and
 wetland
 conditions
 sequester
 more
CO2
from
the
atmosphere.

&

:cZg\n :[[^X^ZcXn/
Reduced
energy
consumption
achieves
 cost
 savings
 for
 district
 occupants;
 renewable
 energy
 utilized
effectively
to
meet
limited
loads. LViZg :[[^X^ZcXn/
Drinking
water
not
used
for
any
use
for
 which
potable
water
is
not
required.
 HidgblViZg BVcV\ZbZci! edaaji^dc gZYjXi^dc/
100%
of
 stormwater
filtered
within
the
district,
and
either
reused
 or
 infiltrated
 so
 as
 to
 recharge
 natural
 waterways
 and
 aquifers;
 wastewater
 treated
 100%
 within
 the
 district,
 eliminating
spills
of
untreated
sewage
to
waterways.
 =VW^iVi/ Open
space
planted
with
species
providing
shelter
 and
food
for
avian
and
riparian
species;
creating
connections
 across
district
via
habitat
corridors
to
natural
areas.

ig^b iVW

'

(/

( 6cVZgdW^X 9^\Zhi^dc XgZViZh lVhiZ ]ZVi ^c i]Z egdYjXi^dc d[ ZaZXig^X^in l]^X] ^h WZhi XVeijgZY [dg jhZ ^c V i]ZgbVa ZcZg\n hnhiZb# Di]Zg hdjgXZh d[ i]ZgbVa ZcZg\n ^c i]Z Y^hig^Xi ^cXajYZ/ i]Z hZlZg! i]Z 7^\ E^eZ egd_ZXi XVeijg^c\ hidgblViZg! VcY Y^hig^WjiZY gdd[ide hdaVg i]ZgbVa eVcZah# ) 6c :Xd9^hig^Xi XVc XZcigVa^oZ ZmeZch^kZ cdc"ediVWaZ lViZg jhZ hnhiZbh hjX] Vh lVhiZlViZg igZVibZci! hidgblViZg [^aigVi^dc VcY hidgV\Z! VcY ejbe^c\ [dg Y^hig^Wji^dc# I]ZhZ Xdhih XVc WZ egd]^W^i^kZ [dg ^cY^k^YjVa eg^kViZ YZkZadeZgh! Wji i]^gY eVgin

>K/ 8DC8AJH>DC

In
light
of
these
constraints,
architects
and
engineers
have
 begun
to
look
to
alternative
power‐generation
resources,
 Achieving
 true
 carbon
 neutrality,
 as
 many
 municipalities
 including
food
waste. and
 organizations
 are
 now
 mandating,
 isn’t
 possible
 unless
the
built
environment
as
a
whole
contributes
to
the
 With
the
dense
concentration
of
restaurants,
residences,
 solution.
While
further
research
and
development
on
the
 and
 offices
 in
 cities,
 food
 waste
 represents
 both
 an
 individual
 building
 level
 will
 likely
 improve
 results,
 and
 available
 and
 a
 relatively
 easy
 waste
 stream
 to
 source‐ must
indeed
continue,
these
efforts
must
be
coupled
with
 separate
 and
 utilize
 on‐site.
 In
 addition,
 food
 waste
 systemic
approaches
to
sustainable
design.
 represents
a
land
use
burden
and
results
in
greenhouse
 gas
emissions.
As
a
result,
many
proposals
for
EcoDistricts
 EcoDistricts
 provide
 a
 framework
 for
 such
 an
 approach,
 have
 included
 waste‐to‐energy
 as
 part
 of
 an
 integrated
 and
 in
 many
 communities
 policies
 are
 leading
 to
 their
 system,
 whereby
 technology
 could
 capture
 either
 food
 consideration
 and
 potentially
 to
 their
 adoption.
 What,
 waste
in
an
anaerobic
digestion
cogeneration
system
or
 ultimately,
 such
 a
 district
 will
 look
 like,
 or
 how
 exactly
 all
 municipal
 solid
 waste
 in
 a
 biogasification
 system
 to
 it
will
operate,
is
still
being
debated
and
considered
–
in
 produce
both
electricity
and
heat.
 fact
they
may
be
highly
case‐specific.
What
is
more
certain
 is
 that
 such
 districts
 are
 critical
 to
 achieving
 significant
 Both
 systems
 operate
 on
 the
 same
 principle,
 whereby
 environmental
change
in
the
built
environment. microorganisms
 break
 down
 biodegradable
 material
 in
 the
 absence
 of
 oxygen,
 producing
 both
 methane
 and
 carbon
dioxide
rich
biogas
suitable
for
energy
production.
 That
 energy,
 in
 turn,
 would
 be
 distributed
 throughout
 By
 approaching
 sustainable
 design
 from
 a
 systemic
 the
EcoDistrict
via
a
Smart
Grid,
a
system
that
is
capable
 perspective,
EcoDistricts
in
essence
tie
all
the
buildings
in
 of
 not
 only
 augmenting
 the
 electricity
 produced
 via
 a
neighborhood
together,
creating
economies
of
scale
with
 biogasification
 with
 electricity
 generated
 by
 privately
 respect
 to
 power
 generation,
 water
 reuse,
 transit,
 and
 owned
or
third‐party
owned
photovoltaics,
but
a
system
 so
forth,
the
goal
being
to
create
neighborhoods
that
are
 that
can
also
respond
to
varying
user
demand.
 truly
self‐sufficient
with
respect
to
water
and
energy
and
 yet
vibrant
with
regard
to
retail,
culture,
urban
living,
and
 Of
note,
the
biogasification
system
significantly
reduces
the
 outdoor
space. volume
and
mass
of
the
input
materials,
and
the
remaining
 solids
(at
least
from
anaerobic
digestion)
can
be
used
as
 The
components
of
such
a
district
are
as
follows: a
 nutrient‐rich
 fertilizer,
 greatly
 reducing
 transportation
 needs
and
landfill
waste. 6/ DC"H>I: :C:G<N <:C:G6I>DC

:Xd9^hig^Xih ^c 9ZiV^a

On‐site
renewable
energy
generation
has
to
date
proven
to
 be
a
significant
hurdle
to
achieving
carbon
neutral
design,
 especially
 in
 dense
 urban
 environments
 where
 surface
 area
constraints
limit
effective
solar
collection
and
urban
 wind
energy
generation
is
not
yet
viable
on
a
large
scale
or
 applicable
to
most
locations
and
building
types.

)&

L^ciZg '%%.$'%&%

7/ 9>HIG>8I I=:GB6A :C:G<N Waste
 heat
 generated
 by
 the
 composting
 and
 energy
 generation
processes
is
also
of
use.
Captured
as
an
energy
 source,
 that
 heat
 can
 be
 used
 to
 generate
 hot
 water
 for
 the
 district,
 which
 in
 turn
 could
 be
 used
 in
 heat
 pumps

dlcZgh]^e XVc bV`Z hjX] hnhiZbh ViigVXi^kZ id V kVg^Zin d[ Y^hig^Xi egdeZgin dlcZgh# * Hjg[VXZ gjcd[[ ^c i]Z ejWa^X g^\]i"d["lVn XVc WZ bVcV\ZY ^c eVgi i]gdj\] [adl"i]gdj\]"eaVciZgh ^cXdgedgViZY ^cid i]Z higZZihXVeZ! XVaaZY <gZZc HigZZih# EdgiaVcYÉh <gZViZg <gZZc egd\gVb VagZVYn XVaah [dg i]Z jhZ d[ i]ZhZ <gZZc HigZZi [VX^a^i^Zh ^c cZl XdchigjXi^dc! l]^X] Vaadlh [^aigVi^dc id ]VeeZc dc V Y^hig^WjiZY WVh^h! Za^b^cVi^c\ i]Vi kdajbZÉh ^beVXi dc XdbW^cZY hZlZgh Vh i]Z [^aiZgZY lViZg XVc WZ hZci Y^gZXian id i]Z g^kZg dg ^cXajYZY ^c i]Z Y^hig^Xi lViZg gZjhZ hnhiZb#

( throughout
the
EcoDistrict.
Depending
upon
the
demands
 of
the
district,
heat
transfer
could
be
achieved
for
cooling
 as
well
through
district
chilled
water.
 Alternatively,
an
ambient
loop
could
serve
as
either
a
heat
 source
 or
 heat
 sink,
 and
 additional
 heat
 could
 also
 be
 generated
either
via
solar
thermal
panels
or
via
waste
heat
 mined
from
the
sewer
treatment
process. 8/ DC"H>I: L6HI:L6I:G IG:6IB:CI To
 date,
 on‐site
 wastewater
 treatment
 has
 proven
 to
 be
 expensive
and
ineffective,
requiring
both
significant
initial
 investments
and
high
maintenance
costs
to
produce
more
 treated,
 non‐potable
 water
 than
 most
 buildings
 create
 demand
for.
 An
 EcoDistrict,
 however,
 makes
 on‐site
 wastewater
 treatment
scalable,
spreading
the
cost
of
the
system
over
 more
 users
 and
 utilizing
 treated
 water
 for
 more
 uses.
 For
 example,
 excess
 non‐potable
 water
 generated
 by
 the
 treatment
facility
could
be
used
for
functions
such
as
park
 irrigation
 or
 facilities
 that
 do
 not
 themselves
 generate
 sufficient
volumes
of
wastewater
to
be
self‐sufficient.

)

Moreover,
 by
 utilizing
 just
 one
 or
 two
 systems
 for
 wastewater
 treatment,
 an
 EcoDistrict
 also
 significantly
 reduces
the
energy
necessary
to
support
the
pumping
and
 redistribution
of
water,
thus
reducing
energy
demand.
 EcoDistricts
also
help
address
water
quality
and
water
 quantity
with
respect
to
runoff,
issues
that
are
especially
 challenging
 in
 dense
 urban
 environments
 that
 feature
 large
 impervious
 developed
 areas
 and
 significant
 pollution
challenges.
 Green
 infrastructure
 makes
 sense
 for
 tackling
 both
 problems.
Codes
and
policies
that
encourage
green
roofs,
 pervious
 landscape,
 and
 onsite
 reuse
 and/or
 infiltration
 work
 hand‐in‐hand
 with
 strategies
 to
 distribute
 the

ig^b iVW

*

)'

+ I]Z Y^hig^Xi XVc gZYjXZ ^ih hidgblViZg ^beVXi Wn [jgi]Zg ZmiZcY^c\ i]Z 8^inÉh higdc\ ^cXZci^kZh [dg eg^kViZ YZkZadeZgh id ^cXdgedgViZ kZ\ZiViZY gdd[h VcY lVaah dc i]Z^g egdeZgin# , I]Z AadnY :Xd9^hig^Xi ^h adXViZY Vi i]Z :Vhi H^YZ cZmjh d[ ejWa^X igVchedgiVi^dc l^i] ( A^\]i GV^a A^cZh! bjai^eaZ Wjh a^cZh! eZYZhig^Vc VcY W^XnXaZ gdjiZh! VcY V hddc"id"WZ XdbeaZiZY HigZZi 8Vg a^cZ# I]Z Y^hig^Xi ]Vh VagZVYn WZZc Xdch^YZg^c\ i]Z XgZVi^dc d[ YZY^XViZY higZZih [dg eZYZhig^Vch VcY W^XnXaZhÅl]^X] ldjaY [jgi]Zg gZ^c[dgXZ i]Z VXXZhh^W^a^in d[ i]Z Y^hig^Xi#

+ filtration
burden
for
street
runoff
to
green
streets. With
stormwater
reuse,
a
similar
benefit
could
be
achieved
 by
sharing
the
cost
of
storage,
filtration,
and
pumping
over
 a
wide
swath
of
occupants
while
maintaining
the
efficiency
 of
providing
such
services
to
a
smaller
area.
 In
 fact,
 there
 is
 already
 precedent
 for
 seeking
 to
 control
 water
pollution
and
for
placing
the
burden
on
developers
 to
 minimize
 pollutant
 contributions
 to
 waterways,
 and
 an
EcoDistrict
would
simply
make
meeting
those
targets
 easier
by
providing
the
tools
necessary
to
store
and
clean
 the
water
used
in
the
development
before
it
is
infiltrated,
 reused
 or
 returned
 to
 rivers.
 Moreover,
 in
 communities
 facing
a
slew
of
water
rights
challenges,
it
is
important
to
 note
 that
 while
 the
 water
 used
 in
 an
 EcoDistrict
 is
 used
 , more
 than
 once,
 it
 does
 ultimately
 return
 to
 the
 water
 table
or
waterways,
preserving
downstream
flow.
The
goal
 is
to
use
water
efficiently
and
less
frequently,
not
prevent
 it
from
flowing.
 for
transportation
also
tends
to
support
a
socially‐diverse
 community
 with
 workforce
 housing
 and
 places
 for
 all
 9/ IG6CHEDGI6I>DC residents
to
gather
and
share
community
space.
Without
 Transportation
accounts
for
30.2%
of
the
carbon
emissions
 this
 physical
 manifestation
 of
 community,
 residents
 are
 of
a
conventional
existing
building,
and
137%
of
a
building
 either
 not
 attracted
 to
 living
 in
 the
 district,
 or
 they
 are
 designed
to
meet
ASHRAE
90.1‐2004.

But
locating
green
 driven
 to
 leave
 their
 neighborhood
 to
 visit
 places
 that
 buildings
 in
 dense,
 urban
 locations,
 where
 citizens
 can
 provide
those
needs.
Ultimately,
any
district
is
viable
only
 access
a
variety
of
services
within
close
proximity,
reduces
 when
 social
 systems
 are
 supported
 and
 vibrant.
 That
 those
transportation
impacts
significantly. health
 drives
 successful
 development
 and
 the
 ongoing
 improvement
of
shared
systems. Thus,
it
follows
that
any
EcoDistrict
needs
to
provide
for
a
 diverse
mix
of
uses.

Ideally,
it
would
also
support
a
strong
 intermodal
 transportation
 system
 that
 links
 pedestrian,
 ?D=6C C 6 7G>8@B6C ! 6hhdX^ViZ bicycle,
bus,
street‐car
and/or
light
rail
to
achieve
ease
of
 6>6! A::9 6E! ^h 9^gZXidg d[ transportation
within
the
district. HjhiV^cVW^a^in [dg O<; 6gX]^iZXih AAE

:/ 8DBBJC>IN The
 same
 business/user
 diversity
 that
 reduces
 the
 need

)(

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www.kimballoffice.com ))

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Cascadia
 Region
 Green
 Building
 Council,
 Cushman
 &
 Wakefield
 and
the
Vancouver
Valuation
Accord
released
a
high
performance
 green
 building
 valuation
 study
 in
 2009
 to
 bridge
 the
 gap
 in
 understanding
 between
 the
 building/design
 and
 financial/ investment
 communities.
 The
 study
 provides
 information
 about
 the
valuation
of
high
performance
green
buildings
with
a
focus
on
 commercial
investment
office
properties.
Download
the
full
study
 here.
 (www.cascadiagbc.org/resources/research).
 The
 following
 article
is
a
“progress
report”
on
recent
initiatives
in
this
arena.

focusing
on
first‐time
costs
associated
with
green
initiatives
 or
the
broader
environmental
issues
of
carbon
footprints,
 offsets
 and
 other
 related
 factors
 currently
 working
 their
 way
into
corporate
sustainability
policies.

HI6I: D; I=: C6I>DC

When
 my
 daughters
 were
 small,
 I
 used
 to
 tell
 them
 that
 “books
 will
 take
 you
 wherever
 you
 want
 to
 go.”
 I
 still
 believe
that,
but
unfortunately,
without
the
requisite
books
 
 (or
a
statistically
relevant
body
of
data)
that
can
document
 EGD<G:HH ID 96I: the
 financial
 benefits
 of
 green
 and
 guide
 the
 real
 estate,
 Innovation
in
financial
instruments
has
long
been
rewarded
 investment,
 valuation
 and
 underwriting
 communities,
 by
 investors;
 unfortunately,
 current
 economic
 conditions
 then,
basically,
we’re
not
going
much
of
anywhere.
 reflect
 some
 of
 the
 fallout
 from
 overly
 creative
 analysts
 and
 Wall
 Street
 brokers.
 This
 situation,
 in
 turn,
 has
 made
 Given
 that
 sustainable
 building
 strategies
 have
 been
 investors,
 lenders
 and
 valuation
 professionals
 even
 more
 actively
practiced
in
the
United
States
for
at
least
25
years,
 skeptical
of
new
and/or
innovative
strategies
in
real
estate
 why
 isn’t
 there
 more
 financial
 information
 available?
 The
answer
is
quite
simple:
for
years
the
focus
on
green
 investment.
 or
 sustainable
 development
 lay
 almost
 solely
 on
 the
 Despite
 increasing
 awareness
 of
 the
 benefits
 of
 green/ environmental
 benefits.
 Only
 in
 more
 recent
 years
 have
 sustainable
development
strategies,
the
U.S.
remains
behind
 informed
 market
 participants
 recognized
 that
 “green”
 other
 areas
 of
 the
 globe,
 including
 Europe,
 Australia
 and
 principles,
practices
and
protocols
actually
constitute
“best
 Canada
in
terms
of
adoption
and
promotion
of
investment
in
 practices”
in
property
development
and
re‐development.
 green
buildings.
While
energy
certificates
are
required
in
the
 These
principles
are
not
just
about
being
green,
but
about
 United
Kingdom
for
a
building
to
transfer,
only
a
couple
of
 creating
 the
 most
 efficient,
 best
 performing
 product
 for
 states
within
the
U.S.
(California
and
Arizona)
have
mandated,
 both
the
environment
and
the
consumer.
 or
are
close
to
mandating,
energy
disclosure
policies.
 The
 broader
 investment
 community
 remains
 largely
 8=6AA:C<:H 6=:69 uninformed
 as
 to
 the
 benefits
 of
 developing
 green
 or
 Today,
we
find
ourselves
mired
in
an
economic
environment
 upgrading
existing
buildings
to
improve
efficiency,
mainly
 where
the
value
of
real
estate
is
anybody’s
guess.

Investors

)*

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don’t  want  to  get  their  properties  formally  valued/ appraised for fear of what the appraisal community will tell  them. Banks are pretty much in the same situation – they  sometimes  avoid  formal  validation  of  decreased  values  in  order  to  steer  clear  of  larger  reserve  requirements,  so  many  properties  that  might  have  once  been  valued  externally are now staying in�house, in confidence.  How  is  this  all  affecting  the  momentum  of  “green�?  Like  many other aspects of real estate, many new projects have  been  placed  on  hold.  However,  owners  of  and  investors  in  existing  buildings  are  looking  for  every  possible  competitive advantage they can find for when the market  turns and demand for commercial real estate returns. For  those  versed  in  the  benefits  of  green,  there  is  no  better  time to investigate upgrading existing buildings to increase  performance and become more competitive. 

such as LEED, will not be enough to qualify a building as  a  top  performer.  Investors  will  also  closely  consider  and  scrutinize  the  “green  proficiency�  of  property  managers,  assessing  and  ranking  how  successful  management  professionals  are  at  creating  and  implementing  green  strategies in their property portfolios.  And  finally,  the  importance  of  tenant  engagement  will  also  play  heavily  in  the  determination  of  a  truly  “high  performing�  building.  Appropriate  assessment  of  tenant  needs  and  implementation  of  tenant  education  policies  so  that  the  tenant  population  can  become  engaged  and  participate in the building’s green policies will be critical  to  achieve  the  top  performance  necessary  to  attract  investment consideration. 

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Real estate horizons will certainly get brighter as the market  improves and investment horizons will become “greener�  Going  forward,  an  emphasis  on  better  performance  as recognition grows that “going green� can improve both  –  meaning  greater  efficiency  in  building  systems  and  building performance and bottom line results.  standards,  coupled  with  anticipated  savings  from  more  efficient  management  strategies  and  better  informed  “We’ve got a long way to go and a short time to get there.�  tenants �� will most likely set the benchmarks for building  But we’re on the way.  performance. Class A buildings will no longer be determined  by  level  of  finish  and  glitz,  but  by  an  assessment  of  how  I=:99> LG><=I 8=6EE:A A ! 8G : ! the  buildings’  physical  and  operational  efficiencies  can  B6>! ;G>8H! 66E>! A ::9 6E positively impact bottom�line performance.  BVcV\^c\ 9^gZXidg! KVajVi^dc 6Yk^hdgn

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The initial focus on solely physical elements of buildings,  promoted  successfully  via  various  building  standards 

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)-

The
benchmark
development
process
has
been
a
lightning
 rod
 for
 intensive
 lobbying
 by
 the
 two
 opposing
 “camps”
 that
 back
 FSC
 and
 SFI:
 activists
 in
 the
 environmental
 community
and
the
green
building
movement
on
the
one
 hand,
and
big
timber
and
its
trade
associations
and
allies
 on
 the
 other.
 The
 battle
 reached
 a
 fever
 pitch
 in
 the
 fall
 of
 2009
 as
 strikes
 and
 counterstrikes
 were
 launched
 by
 both
 sides.
 The
 environmental
 group
 ForestEthics
 filed
 complaints
 with
 the
 Federal
 Trade
 Commission
 (FTC)
 accusing
SFI
of
deceptive
claims
(greenwashing)
and
with
 the
Internal
Revenue
Service
accusing
them
of
operating
a
 bogus
charity.
A
month
later,
a
coalition
led
by
a
number
 of
large
timber
companies,
including
Weyerhaeuser,
filed
 a
counter‐complaint
with
the
FTC
against
FSC
and
USGBC,
 alleging
deception
and
collusion
(see
recent
articles
in
the
 New
York
Times
and
Architecture
Week).

The
 more
 serious
 effects
 of
 industrial
 forestry
 may
 be
 the
 less
 visible
 impacts
 that
 accumulate
 over
 time:
 the
 gradual
 loss
 of
 natural
 soil
 fertility;
 soil
 erosion
 and
 the
 sedimentation
 of
 fish‐bearing
 streams;
 the
 accumulation
 in
soil
and
water
of
the
chemical
remnants
of
herbicides
 used
 to
 suppress
 plants
 that
 compete
 with
 commercial
 plantings;
 the
 decline
 of
 populations
 of
 wildlife
 that
 rely
 on
 extensive
 areas
 of
 complex
 and
 mature
 forest
 that
 industrial
forestry
tends
to
fragment
or
eliminate.

Sometimes
 the
 devastation
 wrought
 by
 industrial
 forestry
is
more
dramatic,
as
in
the
infamous
landslides
 and
 flooding
 that
 occurred
 in
 Washington
 state
 in
 December
2008
and
that
many
believe
were
exacerbated
 by
 widespread
 logging
 by
 Weyerhaeuser
 on
 steep
 and
 unstable
 slopes.
 But
 the
 true
 environmental
 effects
 of
 extensive
 clearcutting
 and
 tree
 farming
 may
 not
 be
 On
 the
 surface,
 this
 controversy
 centers
 on
 competing
 known
or
felt
for
many
generations
to
come. standards,
the
technical
details
of
which
are
bewildering
 (and
 boring)
 to
 all
 but
 the
 most
 pinny‐headed
 policy
 Many
believe
that
the
prevalent
model
of
industrial
forestry
 wonks.
However,
penetrate
beneath
the
veneer
of
jargon
 practiced
 in
 Cascadia
 is
 not
 ecologically
 sustainable,
 and
 acronyms
 and
 you
 will
 find
 that
 what
 is
 really
 at
 and
 progressive
 forest
 land
 owners
 and
 foresters,
 folks
 the
 heart
 of
 the
 fight
 are
 two
 fundamentally
 different
 in
 the
 environmental
 community,
 and
 others
 have
 been
 approaches
to
timber
production
and
forest
management.
 working
 for
 years
 to
 advance
 more
 environmentally
 and
 And
Cascadia
lies
at
the
very
epicenter
of
the
conflict,
for
 socially
responsible
alternatives
to
the
industrial
forestry
 nowhere
are
the
differences
between
the
two
models
more
 paradigm.
I’ll
use
the
term
“ecoforestry”
as
shorthand
for
 striking
than
in
the
prime
timber‐producing
lands
that
lie
 this
 forestry
 counter‐culture,
 which
 is
 really
 a
 diverse
 between
the
Cascades
and
the
Pacific. patchwork
 of
 alternative
 practices
 and
 initiatives
 rather
 than
a
monolithic
“model.”

>C9JHIG>6A ;DG:HIGN DG :8D;DG:HIGN The
 dominant
 model
 for
 timber
 production
 in
 Cascadia
 is
 familiar
 to
 all
 who
 dwell
 in
 the
 region
 because
 it
 is
 everywhere
 around
 us.
 Often
 referred
 to
 as
 industrial
 forestry
because
of
its
scale
and
intensity,
the
model
centers
 on
clearcutting
–
frequently
up
to
the
size
limits
permitted
 by
law
–
and
the
replanting
and
growing
of
monocultures
 of
commercial
tree
species.
West
of
the
Cascades,
much
of
 the
emphasis
is
on
Douglas
fir. Many
recoil
from
large‐scale
clearcutting
because,
to
most
 people
outside
of
the
forest
products
industry,
it’s
ugly.
A
 recent
clearcut
looks
like
the
scene
of
ecological
massacre:
 the
acres
of
stumps
gape
upward,
the
soil
is
torn
up,
and
 there
is
a
lot
of
trashy‐looking
woody
debris
around.
But,
as
 industry
advocates
point
out,
aesthetics
are
not
a
reliable
 barometer
 of
 environmental
 impact
 or
 ecological
 health.
 After
 all,
 most
 people
 do
 not
 react
 negatively
 to
 bucolic
 agricultural
 scenes
 that,
 nevertheless,
 may
 represent
 a
 monoculture
that
has
been
established
at
the
expense
of
 native
forest.

).

L^ciZg '%%.$'%&%

The
ecoforestry
approach
is
a
mirror
image
of
industrial
 forestry
in
many
important
respects:

I=: 8DHI ;68IDG The
great
hurdle
that
ecoforestry
practitioners
in
Cascadia
 face
is
market
acceptance
of
the
cost
of
their
products.
The
 products
 of
 ecoforestry
 cost
 more
 than
 the
 products
 of
 industrial
forestry
for
several
reasons:

•
 The
 direct
 costs
 of
 practicing
 ecoforestry
 can
 be
 higher.
 For
 instance,
 it
 can
 cost
 more
 to
 remove
 vegetation
that
competes
with
the
growth
of
desired
 species
 mechanically
 or
 manually
 instead
 of
 using
 heavy
 applications
 of
 herbicides.
 Or
 the
 cumulative
 costs
of
relatively
frequent
entries
into
a
selectively‐ managed
 stand
 can
 exceed
 those
 of
 a
 single
 entry
 every
50
years
when
all
trees
in
a
stand
are
removed.

•
 The
bulk
of
the
profits
of
ecoforestry
may
be
deferred
 into
the
future.
One
approach
to
ecoforestry
relies
on
 the
removal
of
about
one‐third
of
the
timber
volume
in

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)/

•
 The
 ecoforestry
 industry
 is
 relatively
 small
 and

•

fragmented,
 and
 there
 are
 gaps
 in
 the
 distribution
 chain.
 Too
 often,
 logs
 and
 finished
 products
 are
 trucked
 longer‐than‐normal
 distances
 because
 mills
 and
 distributors
 committed
 to
 ecoforestry
 and
 FSC
 are
relatively
few
and
far
between.
The
lack
of
a
large
 land
 base
 that
 is
 managed
 to
 ecoforestry
 standards,
 and
 large
 manufacturers
 and
 concentration
 yards
 that
 are
 committed
 to
 making
 ecoforestry
 products
 I=: ;JIJG: A>:H >C I=: =6C9H D; I=: and
getting
them
to
market,
means
that
the
emerging
 <G::C 7J>A9>C< BDK:B:CI ecoforestry
 industry
 is
 well
 below
 the
 threshold
 of
 Ecoforestry
 in
 Cascadia
 will
 only
 grow
 and,
 perhaps
 at
 economies
 of
 scale
 achieved
 by
 the
 industrial
 forest
 some
point
in
the
future,
supplant
the
industrial
forestry
 products
companies. paradigm
if
the
market
supports
it.
Industrial
forest
land
 Perhaps
 most
 important,
 the
 chasm
 that
 separates
 owners
have
a
fiduciary
responsibility
to
their
shareholders
 ecoforestry
and
legal
industrial
forestry
in
the
Cascadia
 to
 maximize
 profit.
 This
 all
 but
 forces
 them
 to
 manage
 region
is
as
great
or
greater
than
in
any
other
part
of
the
 their
 forest
 lands
 to
 the
 lowest
 common
 denominator
 of
 country.
In
the
predominantly
hardwood
forests
of
the
 what
state
and
provincial
law
permits. East,
 selective
 felling
 and
 uneven‐age
 management
 is
 often
the
norm
rather
than
the
exception.
In
California,
 the
state
forestry
regulations
are
more
stringent
than
any
 other
state
in
the
U.S.,
which
sets
the
“floor”
of
industry
 practice
 relatively
 high
 and
 closer
 to
 an
 ecoforestry
 standard.
But
in
the
Pacific
Northwest
(and
certain
other
 parts
of
the
country
as
well,
such
as
in
Maine
and
much
 of
 the
 Southeast),
 intensive
 and
 extensive
 even‐age,
 industrial
forestry
is
the
standard
approach.
This
means
 that,
in
Cascadia,
the
underlying
cost
and
profit
structure
 of
ecoforestry
and
industrial
forestry
are
far
apart,
which
 translates
into
significant
differences
in
the
cost
of
the
 products
 that
 derive
 from
 them
 (largely
 construction
 materials
like
lumber
and
plywood).

For
 all
 of
 these
 reasons,
 the
 price
 of
 FSC‐certified
 Douglas
 fir
 framing
 lumber,
 CDX
 plywood,
 engineered
 wood
 products
 and
 other
 regional
 products
 can
 be
 significantly
 higher
 than
 their
 SFI‐certified
 or
 non‐ certified
 counterparts.
 According
 to
 the
 best
 available
 information,
depending
on
factors
like
advance
planning,
 quantity,
timing
and
other
details,
the
premium
for
FSC
 over
 non‐FSC
 products
 originating
 from
 the
 Cascadia
 region
generally
ranges
from
10
to
35%.
And,
according
 to
 one
 ecoforestry
 practitioner,
 his
 costs
 for
 growing
 a
 log
are
30
to
35%
higher
than
for
industrial
producers.

*&

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a
stand
on
each
entry,
targeting
the
poorest
quality
and
 least
valuable
timber.
This
has
the
effect
of
improving
 the
 quality
 of
 the
 standing
 timber
 over
 time.
 As
 the
 stand
matures,
the
remaining
trees
will
eventually
put
 on
 large
 volumes
 of
 high‐quality
 wood,
 theoretically
 yielding
increasingly
healthy
profits
while
enhancing
 social
and
environmental
values.

L^ciZg '%%.$'%&%

Add
 to
 this
 that
 decades
 of
 overharvesting
 and
 abuse
 of
 National
Forests
led
to
the
dramatic
curtailing
of
harvest
 levels
 on
 federal
 lands
 under
 President
 Clinton,
 and
 the
 pressure
 on
 industrial
 private
 land
 owners
 to
 prioritize
 maximum
timber
yields
and
profits
on
their
forest
lands
–
 and
to
subordinate
long‐term
impacts
to
the
health
of
soil,
 water,
recreational
values,
timber
quality
and
community
 benefits
–
has
never
been
greater.
Cascadia
cannot
look
to
 the
timber
industry
to
reform
itself;
instead,
the
committed
 green
 building
 professionals
 of
 Cascadia
 must
 drive
 the
 market
transformation
of
the
mainstream
timber
industry
 in
the
Pacific
Northwest
toward
greater
sustainability. Individual
 homeowners
 and
 consumers
 are
 probably
 not
 in
 a
 position
 to
 drive
 this
 market
 transformation
 because
 their
 significant
 purchases
 of
 forest
 products
 are
 relatively
 infrequent.
The
same
consumer
that
is
willing
to
pay
a
hefty
 premium
 for
 organic
 produce
 when
 buying
 it
 one
 grocery
 bag
at
a
time
may
well
balk
at
paying
the
premium
for
FSC‐ certified
construction
materials
for
a
new
home
or
addition. One
 would
 hope
 that
 the
 same
 is
 not
 true
 for
 green
 developers
 and
 homebuilders
 who
 build
 project
 after
 project;
 for
 green
 architects
 and
 designers
 who
 specify
 materials;
and
for
the
green
builders
who
buy
them.
The
 Living
 Building
 Challenge
 takes
 a
 huge
 step
 in
 the
 right

?J9N ;DGC68>6G> " 69K:G<G6E=>8H

direction
 through
 its
 Responsible
 Industry
 prerequisite,
 which
requires
that
all
wood
used
in
Living
Buildings
be
 FSC‐certified
 (or
 salvaged).1
 However,
 Living
 Buildings
 alone
are
probably
not
enough
to
tip
the
scales
in
favor
of
 ecoforestry
in
our
region. The
greatest
challenge
lies
in
the
economics
and
incentives
 of
 standard
 practice
 when
 it
 comes
 to
 procuring
 wood
 for
construction.
Owners
and
developers
understandably
 want
 to
 get
 their
 projects
 built
 as
 inexpensively
 as
 possible,
 and
 place
 pressure
 on
 contractors
 to
 come
 in
 with
 the
 lowest
 bid.
 Contractors
 in
 turn
 often
 make
 a
 considerable
part
of
their
profit
by
bidding
materials
at
 one
price
and
then
shopping
the
market
to
find
materials
 at
a
lower
price.
All
of
this
amounts
to
a
race
to
the
bottom
 when
it
comes
to
forestry
and
forest
products
–
only
the
 products
 of
 industrial
 forestry
 can
 prevail
 if
 nothing
 changes
in
this
scenario. The
 fact
 is
 that
 we
 will
 either
 pay
 for
 the
 true
 costs
 of
 ecoforestry
 upfront,
 or
 we
 will
 pay
 for
 the
 direct
 and
 indirect
 costs
 of
 industrial
 forestry
 down
 the
 line,
 in
 the
 form
of
depleted
soil,
sediment‐choked
streams,
collapsing
 fisheries,
increased
landslides
and
flooding,
and
the
boom
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and
 bust
 of
 local
 economies
 at
 the
 mercy
 of
 markets
 for
 low‐quality
commodities.
We
can
invest
in
the
stewardship
 of
 our
 natural
 capital
 today,
 or
 we
 can
 drive
 down
 that
 capital
and
diminish
the
prospects
of
our
progeny. It
 is
 up
 to
 leaders
 in
 the
 green
 building
 movement
 to
 educate
 their
 clients
 and
 hold
 the
 line
 when
 it
 comes
 to
specifying
and
procuring
the
products
of
ecoforestry.
 During
 a
 session
 at
 the
 last
 Living
 Future
 conference,
 family
 forest
 landowner
 and
 ecoforestry
 practitioner
 Peter
 Hayes
 showed
 a
 series
 of
 slides
 depicting
 the
 landscape‐level
clearcuts
with
which
we
are
all
familiar.
 With
 each
 slide,
 a
 speech
 bubble
 popped
 up
 with
 the
 rhetorical
question
that
many
of
us
ask
when
confronted
 with
such
scenes:
“How
could
they
do
that?”
At
the
end
of
 the
series,
Peter
posed
a
challenge
to
the
audience:
“The
 more
important
question,”
he
suggested,
“is
to
ask,
‘How
 could
they
not
do
that?’”
The
answer
to
this
question
lies
 in
the
hands
of
the
green
builders
of
Cascadia.

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This!
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Read
This!

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Articles, websites and other social media that are also turning the ship

“Waterpleinen” Speaking
of
water,
water
everywhere,
how
can
water
 in
the
urban
environment
be
visually
captivating
and
 socially
benefical?

Rather
than
send
storm
water
 underground
to
be
ferried
about
in
sewers,
this
 landscape
architecture
piece
designed
for
Rotterdam
 makes
storm
water
management
an
urban
“event... staged
for
the
young
and
old”
when
dry
AND
when
 inundated.

“McLennan’s
mission
is
idealistic
yet
 simple:
to
change
the
way
the
world
 builds” 
 Dear
Readers,
 This
section
contains
interesting
and
 forward­thinking
social
media
pieces
 that
are
also
raising
awareness
and
 facilitating
change.
We
encourage
you
to
 check
them
out!
Simply
click
to
view:

Imagine
solar
“trees”
in
parking
lots You
may
envision
a
future
free
of
parking
lots.

Until
 that
day,
seed
those
asphalt
lawns
with
some
new
 “trees”
that
produce
solar
energy
and
provide
shade
 for
the
dominant
local
species...cars!

FLOAT
House
gets
LEED
Platinum Getting
excited
for
the
upcoming
Natural
Talent
 Competition
and
its
New
Orleans
focus?

Well,
check
 out
what
Brad
Pitt,
the
Make
It
Right
Foundation,
 Morphosis
Architects,
and
UCLA
students
have
done
 to
rebuild
New
Orleans
homes
greener
and
more
 flood‐resistant.

The
USGBC
gave
props
to
the
prefab
 prototype
called
FLOAT
House.

One
man
thinking
about
water
(and
energy
and
 materials
and
site....)
is
our
very
own
CEO
Jason
F
 McLennan,
recently
featured
in
Seattle
Magazine
 as
one
of
Seattle’s
Most
Influential
People
of
2009!

 Check
out
the
story
on
Jason
and
other
Seattle
movers
 and
shakers
with
an
eye
on
sustainability.

The
Top
10
Green
Building
Trends
 in
2010 Green
Building
Services
released
their
list
of
top
 10
trends
to
look
for
in
the
new
year.

The
Living
 Building
Challenge
comes
out
on
the
top
of
the
list!

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*)

-

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BY S A R A H VA N G E L D E R POSTED FEB 13, 2009

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&'

From Lawn to Lunch To
convert
your
sunny
lawn
to
a
 lunch
box,
remove
turf
in
long,
18‐ inch
strips.
Cut
the
edges
of
each
 strip
with
a
sharp‐bladed
edging
tool.
 While
one
partner
rolls
up
the
grass
 like
a
jellyroll,
another
slices
through
 grass
roots
with
the
edging
tool.
 Remove
about
an
inch
of
rooty
soil
 with
the
top
growth.
When
the
roll
 gets
heavy,
slice
it
off
and
load
it
in
a
 wheelbarrow. To
compost
the
strips,
layer
green
 sides
together,
then
brown
sides
 together,
ending
brown‐side‐up.
 Cover
the
stack
with
soil
and
mulch
 (straw,
chopped
leaves,
or
shredded
 bark)
and
let
stand
for
10‐12
months. Make
beds
10
to
20
feet
long
and
 six
to
eight
feet
wide
(so
you
can
 reach
the
center
from
each
side).
 Mulch
three
to
four‐foot
wide
paths

**

L^ciZg '%%.$'%&%

between
beds
(grass
left
in
the
 path
will
infiltrate
your
beds)
to
 accommodate
a
wheelbarrow.
Now
 fork
over
the
soil
strips
and
remove
 as
many
roots
as
possible.
Aerate
 beds
with
a
garden
fork,
sinking
it
as
 evenly
and
deeply
as
possible. Spread
on
two
or
three
inches
of
 compost,
then
set
plants
about
six
 inches
apart,
in
staggered
rows.
Top
 with
a
mulch
containing
corn
gluten,
 a
high‐nitrogen
protein
that
prevents
 weed
seeds
from
germinating. —Ann
Lovejoy
is
author
of
Ann
 Lovejoy’s
Organic
Garden
Design
 School
(A
Rodale
Organic
Gardening
 Book,
2004)
and
many
other
books.

Look who wants to TransFarm the White House lawn… www.YesMagazine.org/lawn

&(

Eat Your Vegetables

Some
18
percent
of
greenhouse
 gas
emissions
are
caused
by
meat
 production.
The
USDA
attributes
 14
percent
of
all
deaths
in
the
U.S.
 to
poor
diets
and/or
sedentary
 lifestyles.
You
can
improve
your
 health
and
the
health
of
the
planet
 by
following
food
columnist
Michael
 Pollan’s
simple
rule:
“Eat
food.
Not
 too
much.
Mostly
plants.” 
 
 

 &)

Party with Your Preserves

Ten
quarts
of
pumpkin
puree
in
the
 pantry,
and
not
a
jar
of
tomato
sauce
 left?
Throw
a
canning
swap
party.
Here
 are
some
tips
and
recommendations
 from
foodroutes.org:

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LESLIE M. FRIEND

PLAN AHEAD.
Gauge
interest
with
your

friends
early
on.
Then
remind
them
 throughout
the
planting,
growing,
 and
harvesting
season
to
set
aside
 extras
for
canning
and
swapping. DON’T BE AFRAID TO GROW A LOT OF SOMETHING.
If
you’re
a
budding
salsa

artist,
plant
that
extra
row
of
toma‐ toes.
Or
if
you
see
a
good
deal
on
a
 box
of
local
pears—get
them. TRY NEW RECIPES ON YOUR SWAPPERS.

Bust
out
that
crazy
5‐alarm
salsa
 verde
recipe
you’ve
always
been
 scared
to
try.
Make
sure
to
can
 extra
so
you
can
pop
a
jar
open
for
 samples. BE AWARE OF WHAT CONSTITUTES A “FAIR” TRADE.
This
is
simple.
You’re
all

friends
and
canners
who
know
how
 time‐consuming
canning
can
be.
Be
 open
and
ask
what
your
neighbor
 feels
comfortable
receiving
in
ex‐ change
for
one
jar
of
Grandma
Edie’s
 apricot
chutney.

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B A R B A R A K I N G S O LV E R

Buy dinner fresh from a roadside stand. Get the kids involved.

protects
them
from
liability,
and
ask
 everything
at
the
canning
swap
party
 for
written
permission
to
glean. Recruit
gleaners.
Family,
friends,
 has
to
be
pressure‐canned
or
boiled
 students,
and
members
of
your
faith
 in
a
hot
water
bath.
Dried
items,
 community
are
potential
volunteers.
 homemade
baked
goods,
candies,
 and
homebrewed
beer
are
all
eligible.
 You
can
also
put
a
notice
on
craigslist,
 bulletin
boards,
at
farmers
markets,
 You’ll
be
amazed
by
what
can
be
pre‐ or
in
the
local
paper. served
from
the
season’s
bounty. 
 Contact
food
banks,
shelters,
and
 
 other
facilities
to
check
on
their
 

 
 needs,
and
to
arrange
delivery
times. 
 &* On
gleaning
day,
bring
collection
 baskets
and
buckets,
snacks,
water,
 and
other
necessities
that
will
ensure
 a
successful
expedition. THINK OUTSIDE THE BALL JAR.
Not

Glean Those Fields Clean

A
lot
of
perfectly
good
food
is
left
to
 rot
in
farm
fields
and
under
fruit
and
 nut
trees.
With
a
bit
of
work,
you
can
 gather
a
group
to
“glean”
this
free
 food,
providing
fresh,
nutritious
food
 to
your
community.

As
the
day
ends,
gather
your
freshly
 harvested
food,
thank
the
landowner,
 distribute
something
to
each
gleaner,
 and
leave
the
land
in
better
condition
 than
you
found
it. —Kim
Nochi Source:
University
of
Maine
Cooperative
Extension

To
glean
in
your
area,
talk
to
farmers,
 gardeners,
and
orchard
owners.

Explain
your
purpose,
share
a
copy
of
 federal
“Good
Samaritan”
law,
which

*+

LIZ DEANE

&+

Shop Outside of Supermarkets

It’s
easy
to
see,
taste,
and
feel
the
 benefit
of
locally
produced
food,
but
 for
many
of
us
it’s
a
hassle
to
locate
 alternative
food
sources.
Local
foods
 are
not
nearly
as
well‐advertised
or
 visible
as
chain
supermarket
foods,
 so
even
those
who
want
to
give
 locally
harvested
food
a
try
may
not
 know
where
to
get
it.
Here
are
some
 ways
you
can
find
local
food
sources
 in
your
area. Get
the
lay
of
the
land;
consider
what
 types
of
agriculture
are
natural
to
 your
environment.
Does
your
area
 have
a
history
of
blueberry
farming
 or
cod
fishing?
Are
there
traditional
 foods
that
have
been
neglected
in
the
 fast‐food
age? Talk
to
old
timers,
ask
around
at
 farmers
markets,
look
for
road‐ side
food
stands
and
U‐pick
places.
 Watch
for
hand‐painted
signs.
You
 may
find
a
wide
variety
of
freshly
 harvested
foods
and
get
to
know
new
 communities
and
regional
traditions
 at
the
same
time.

*,

L^ciZg '%%.$'%&%

Visit
localharvest.org,
 sustainabletable.org,
and
 eatwellguide.org
to
find
sources
 of
affordable
and
environmentally
 friendly
food. —Heather
Purser 
 
 
 &,

Start a Community Garden Start
by
calling
a
meeting
(or
better
 yet,
a
potluck)
to
decide
what
kind
 of
garden
you
want,
what
locations
 might
work,
and
how
to
manage
plots.

plots
with
gardeners’
names,
and,
if
 possible,
include
on‐site
storage
for
 tools
and
equipment.
Also
designate
 a
spot
for
compost. When
the
first
planting
season
comes
 around,
consider
hiring
someone
to
 turn
the
earth,
or
throw
a
work
party
 to
build
raised
beds. Meet
now
and
then
with
your
 fellow
gardeners
to
swap
seeds
and
 seedlings,
advice,
and
produce,
and
to
 resolve
any
difficulties.
Have
potlucks
 to
enjoy
the
harvest. For
more
ideas,
including
sample
 bylaws
and
insurance
policies,
go
to
 communitygarden.org

Identify
possible
sites.
Look
for
land
 that
gets
plenty
of
sunlight,
has
a
 water
source,
is
convenient
to
get
to,
 and
is
free
of
soil
contamination.
You
 could
consider
combining
back
yards
 if
several
neighbors
are
involved. Identify
the
owner
of
the
land
and
 negotiate
a
lease
long
enough
to
 make
it
worth
building
the
soil
and
 the
community
involvement.
Invite
 immediate
neighbors
to
join.

&

Test
the
soil
for
nutrient
levels
and
 contaminants.
Clean
the
site,
mark

•
 Skip
the
so‐called
convenience
 foods;
processed
foods
almost

Plant a Row for the Hungry As
unemployment
rises,
more
people
 are
wondering
how
they
will
put
food
 on
the
table.
How
can
you
boost
food
 security
at
home
…

Meet Jim Haynes, the man who invites the world to dinner. www.YesMagazine.org/sundaydinner

always
cost
more
for
what
you
get. •
 Form
a
buying
club
to
get
healthy
 food
in
bulk
at
discount
prices. •
 Grow
your
own—start
a
 community
garden,
or
transform
 your
lawn
or
parking
strip
(see
#1
 and
#6).
 •
 Buy
in
season,
or
harvest
and
 preserve
it
yourself. •
 Study
(and/or
teach)
the
art
of
 cooking
and
preserving
tasty,
 nutritious
food
on
a
budget.

&.

Share Your Table The
best
antidote
to
fast‐food
culture
 is
as
close
as
your
table.
Invite
 friends
and
a
few
strangers
to
a
 local‐foods
potluck.
In
good
weather,
 eat
outside.
Share
an
evening
of
 conversation
and
enjoy
the
good
life.
 
www.YesMagazine.org/ sundaydinner

…
and
in
your
community: •
 Contribute
something
from
every
 shopping
trip
to
local
food
banks.
 •
 Glean
(see
#4
above).
 •
 Plant
a
row
for
the
hungry
and
 donate
the
produce
to
a
shelter,
 day
care
center,
neighbor,
or
food
 bank.

•
 Start
a
food
bank
out
of
a
faith
 center
or
community
center
if
 there
are
no
similar
programs
 nearby
(see
www.yesmagazine. org/pantry).

ig^b iVW

PAT R I C K B A R B E R

Sarah
van
Gelder,
Anne
Lovejoy,
Kim
 Nochi,
and
Heather
Purser
wrote
 pieces
for
this
article
as
part
of
Food
 for
Everyone,
the
Spring
2009
issue
of
 YES!
Magazine.
Sarah
is
the
Executive
 Editor
of
YES!
Magazine.

*-

Bdk^c\ JehigZVb/ EGD<G:HH >C I=: 7>DG:<>DC 6C9 7:NDC9

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E=6H:"8=6C<>C< 9GNL6AA D;;:GH E:6@ E:G;DGB6C8:###7JI J#H# B6G@:IH 6G: HADL ID 69DEI

If
the
idea
of
a
developer
receiving
a
standing
ovation
at
a
 community
 presentation
 of
 their
 proposal
 seems
 like
 the
 stuff
of
fantasy,
it’s
time
to
meet
Dockside
Green,
an
urban
 development
in
Victoria,
B.C.
that’s
a
model
of
sustainable
 development.
 
 With
 strong
 commitment
 on
 the
 city
 and
 community
level,
the
RFP
to
potential
developers
outlined
 that
each
proposal
would
be
grading
on
the
triple
bottom
 line
 so
 that
 environment,
 economy,
 and
 community
 goals
 were
 all
 addressed.
 
 Franc
 D’Ambrosio
 and
 D’Ambrosio
 Architecture
+
Urban
Design
were
up
to
the
challenge.
The
 first
 phase,
 called
 Synergy,
 has
 been
 built
 and
 lauded
 by
 both
the
CaGBC
and
the
AIA
Committee
on
the
Environment.
 The
six‐minute
documentary
Natural
Growth:
The
Story
of
 Dockside
 Green
 introduced
 the
 key
 players
 in
 the
 project
 and
makes
a
case
for
this
sustainable
urban
development
 model
 as
 “the
 way
 for
 cities
 to
 step
 into
 the
 next
 urban
 century”.

A:6GC BDG:

With
 as
 much
 heat
 storage
 capacity
 as
 15
 cm
 (7.4
 in)
 of
 brickwork
or
9
cm
(
)
of
concrete
wall,
the
thin,
1.5
cm
(0.6
 in)
 profile
 of
 Micronal®
 PCM
 (Phase‐Changing
 Material)
 is
 attrative
 to
 projects
 that
 want
 to
 maximize
 passive
 heating
 and
 cooling
 strategies
 without
 bulking
 up
 the
 walls.
 
 When
 the
 outdoor
 temperature
 rises,
 the
 phase‐ changing
 spheres
 microscopically
 embedded
 in
 the
 wall
 become
 liquid,
 storing
 some
 of
 the
 environmental
 heat
 and
 mantaining
 a
 constant
 interior
 temperature.
 
 As
 the
 outdoor
 temperature
 drops,
 the
 spheres
 phase‐change
 back
to
solids,
thus
releasing
their
stored
energy
into
the
 interior
space.
Treehugger
reports
that
“in
Europe
[where
 the
product
is
sold
as
KNAUF
PCM
Smartboard]
they
have
 been
 studying
 [PCM
 drywall]
 for
 years,
 and
 in
 climates
 like
London’s
and
Paris’s
they
found
that
it
could
reduce
 energy
consumption
by
up
to
30%.”

While
samples
from
 a
 U.S.
 manufacturer
 National
 Gypsum
 were
 featured
 at
 GreenBuild
2009,
the
PCM
is
not
yet
available
for
projects
 this
side
of
the
pond.

A:6GC BDG:

76>C7G>9<: >HA6C9 8G:6I:H <G::C 7J>A9>C< >C8:CI>K:H Cities
 up
 and
 down
 the
 West
 Coast
 are
 beginning
 to
 adopt
 various
 green
 building
 certification
 requirements
 and
 incentives.
 In
 late
 November,
 the
 city
 of
 Bainbridge
 Island,
 Wash.,
 became
 the
 first
 in
 the
 nation
 to
 provide
 development
incentives
for
projects
aiming
to
achieve
the
 Living
Building
Challenge.

A:6GC BDG:#

*.

L^ciZg '%%.$'%&%

>CI:G"8>IN ;6GB>C< 8=6AA:C<:H EG:8DC8:EI>DCH D; A6C9 JH: 6H L:AA 6H <G6K>IN City
 dwellers
 support
 local
 agriculture
 through
 farmer’s
 markets
 as
 CSA
 (Community
 Supported
 Agriculture)
 subscriptions,
but
some
engineers
are
looking
to
bring
not
 just
the
food
but
the
land
into
the
city
limits.
GLOBE‐net

interviewed
Dickson
Despommier
of
Columbia
University,
 NY,
 to
 catch
 a
 glipse
 of
 what
 verticle
 farming
 might
 be.
 
 Despommier
 reminds
 urbanites
 and
 farmers
 alike
 that
“”We
know
how
to
grow
food
inside.

That’s
not
the
 problem.
What
we
don’t
know
yet
is
how
to
integrate
that
 technology
into
a
tall
building.
That
appears
to
be
a
simple,
 but
 perhaps
 expensive
 engineering
 problem.”
 
 Vegetated
 high‐rises
 that
 feed
 densly
 populated
 cities
 more
 land‐ efficiently
 that
 traditional
 agriculture
 have
 “inspired
 a
 dazzling
 display
 of
 proposed
 projects
 that
 present
 novel
 architectural,
 energy,
 farming
 and
 recycling
 solutions”
 including
 the
 graphics
 featured
 here
 of
 both
 cylindrical
 and
prismatic
towers
within
the
city.

A:6GC BDG:

6C :A:8IG>8 86G <D:H I=: 9>HI6C8:/ DK:G (%% B>A:H DC 6 H>C<A: 8=6G<:

celebrated
with
a
grand
reopening.

In
pursuit
of
Silver,
the
 redesign
 features
 “free
 charging
 stations
 for
 up
 to
 eight
 electric
vehicles;
extensive
bike
parking;
a
large
selection
 of
organic
foods
and
products;
a
sushi
bar
with
sushi
train
 conveyor
belt;
no
plastic
bags
at
check
stands
and
produce
 bags
 made
 of
 recycled
 plastic;
 and
 a
 community
 mural
 designed
by
local
artists.”
A:6GC BDG: =:G: 6C9 =:G:

HI::A ?D>CIH 6AADL EG:;67 =DB: ID ;DA9 In
 the
 world
 of
 factory‐fabricated,
 site‐erected
 home
 building,
the
flatbed
has
been
king,
dictating
the
widths
of
 the
 homes
 possible
 in
 this
 model.
 
 Blu
 Homes
 challenges
 that
premicy
by
designing
a
“fold”
into
the
house
designs
 that
 allows
 homes
 to
 be
 up
 to
 20
 ft
 wide
 on
 site
 while
 only
10
ft
for
travel.

Builders
at
the
Littleton,
MA,
factory
 praise
the
efficiencies
and
comfort
of
building
indoors,
then
 folding
up
the
house,
shipping
it
to
the
site,
and
adding
just
 a
few
adjustments
onsite.

Reduction
of
construction
waste
 is
 a
 jewel
 in
 the
 crown
 of
 the
 prefab
 industry,
 seeking
 to
 claim
its
place
in
green
design.

A:6GC BDG:

Of
 all
 the
 car
 myths
 in
 the
 world,
 Simon
 Hackett
 set
 out
 to
 clear
 up
 one
 misconception
 about
 electic
 vehicals
 (EVs):
point
A
and
point
B
better
not
be
far
apart.

As
he
 participated
in
the
Australian
solar
car
race,
Global
Green
 Challenge,
Hackett
said
he
and
co‐diver
Elilis
Prelgauskas
 “wanted
to
prove
a
point
about
the
ability
of
EVs
to
drive
 truly
large
distances‐‐and
we
have
done
so!
This
ends
any
 contention
 that
 EVs
 aren’t
 practical
 cars.
 They’re
 more
 than
that‐‐they
are
the
future
of
motoring.”
Hackett’s
EV
is
 >; CDI 7N A6C9! I=:C 7N H:6/ ;AD6I>C< L>C9 a
Tesla
Roadster,
powered
by
more
than
6,000
lithium‐ion
 :C:G<N IJG7>C:H batteries
to
give
the
car
its
range.
A:6GC BDG: In
 an
 effort
 to
 capture
 wind
 energy
 while
 side‐stepping
 resistence
from
property
owners,
wind
energy
is
heading
 over
 the
 horizon.
 
 Offshore
 wind
 farms,
 far
 enough
 offshore
 to
 keep
 turbines
 hidden
 from
 view,
 must
 float
 EDGIA6C9 ;G:9 B:N:G >C I=: GJCC>C< ;DG ;>GHI on
 the
 surface,
 rather
 than
 send
 turbine
 shafts
 to
 ocean
 floor
far
below.

“Hywind,
a
floating
wind
turbine
project
 G:I6>A HIDG: ID 7J>A9 A::9 H>AK:G >C DG:<DC of
 Germany’s
 Siemens
 and
 StatoilHydro
 of
 Norway
 is
 While
a
5
cent
discount
for
brining
your
own
bags
to
the
 now
 being
 tested
 in
 more
 than
 700
 feet
 of
 water
 more
 grocery
 store
 is
 nice,
 the
 opportunities
 for
 greening
 the
 than
 7
 miles
 off
 the
 Norwegian
 coast”
 with
 the
 state
 of
 grocer
go
far
beyond
disposables.

Green
Options
reported
 Maine
 close
 in
 line
 to
 test
 the
 technology.
 
 With
 support
 in
 Nov
 2008
 that
 the
 well‐known
 Northwest
 institution
 from
 the
 U.S.
 Department
 of
 Energy,
 in
 the
 form
 of
 an
 8
 was
 undergoing
 a
 rennovation
 to
 pursue
 LEED
 Silver
 million
dollar
grant,
“consortium
led
by
the
University
of
 certification.

LEED
quaility
construction
and
management
 Maine’s
Advanced
Structures
and
Composites
Center
will
 is
“’a
natural
fit
for
supermarkets.

Their
energy
bills
are
 develop
and
deploy
three
small‐scale
deep
water
offshore
 so
 high
 because
 of
 refrigeration
 that
 they
 are
 constantly
 wind
 turbines
 that
 will
 float
 on
 platforms
 off
 the
 coasts
 looking
for
ways
to
become
more
efficient.
So,
it’s
a
little
 of
 Maine
 and
 New
 Hampshire.”
 
 Government
 investment
 more
money
upfront
in
construction
costs
but
tremendous
 in
 renewable
 energies
 has
 been
 much
 touted
 as
 key
 to
 savings
 in
 the
 long
 run.
 And
 it’s
 the
 right
 thing
 for
 the
 building
 a
 green
 economy
 in
 the
 wake
 of
 the
 recession.
 environment,’...according
 to
 Justin
 Doak,
 who
 manages
 A:6GC BDG: the
 LEED
 for
 Retail
 program”.
 
 In
 November
 2009,
 the
 the
Hawthorne
Fred
Meyer
at
3805
S.E.
Hawthorne
Blvd.

ig^b iVW

*/

7J>A9>C<<G::C 6CCDJC8:H '%%. IDE"&% <G::C EGD9J8IH What
does
the
green
builder,
architect,
or
designer
have
on
 his
or
her
wish
list?

A
good
place
to
start
is
Environmental
 Building
News’
2009
list
of
top
green
products.

Long
the
 source
for
quality
product
reveiw,
EBN
and
it’s
publication
 GreenSpec
 shine
 the
 spotlight
 on
 products
 that
 help
 designers
spec
sustainabiliy.

This
year’s
hot
items
include
 Pozzotive
Plus
concrete
masonry
units
(CMUs)
and
concrete
 brick
which
use
ground
recycled
glass
to
offset
some
of
the
 concrete
content,
saving
about
one
ton
of
CO2
for
every
ton
 of
cement
replaced,
and
the
Rheem
HP‐50
heat‐pump
water
 heater
 which
 boasts
 an
 Energy‐Star
 rating
 and
 “among
 heat‐pump
water
heaters
on
the
market...
has
the
longest
 warranty
and
is
the
quietest”.

A:6GC BDG:

I=: A>K>C< 7J>A9>C< 8=6AA:C<: =>IH H:6IIA: The
Seattle
City
Council
recently
approved
the
pilot
program
 which
 will
 allow
 up
 to
 12
 Living
 Building
 projects
 to
 be
 developed
in
Seattle
of
the
next
three
years.
A:6GC BDG:

bV`^c\ egd\gZhh4 Do
you
have
a
lead
on
cutting‐edge
green
 building
progress
in
the
region?

Contact _dVccV5XVhXVY^V\WX#dg\
and
put
“Moving
 Upstream
News
Lead”
in
the
subject
line.

M7DJ JE H;79> D;7HBO (&"&&& B;7:?D= FH79J?J?ED;HI5 8dciVXi jh id VYkZgi^hZ ^c i]Z cZmi ^hhjZ I=: B6<6O>C: ;DG IG6CH;DGB6I>DC6A E:DEA: 9:H><C

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+&

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<H;;

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Djg 8]d^XZ 7N 6A <DG:

While
lobbyists
wined
and
dined
delegates
during
recent
 conversations
in
Copenhagen,
Al
Gore
reminds
us
that
the
 future
of
the
climate
crisis
is
in
our
collective
hands
by
 offering
us
his
newest
book,
Our
Choice:
A
Plan
To
Solve
 The
Climate
Crisis.
That
Gore
opens
with
Kurt
Vonnegut
 is
a
welcome
beginning,
providing
a
sense
that
we
should
 prepare
to
digest
a
raw
and
spirited
truth.
The
message
 Gore
sends
on
the
wings
of
Vonnegut’s
cynicism
is
that
 “despair
serves
no
purpose
when
reality
still
 offers
hope.
Despair
is
simply
another
form
of
 denial,
and
it
invites
inaction.
We
don’t
have
 time
for
despair.
The
solutions
are
available
to
 us!
We
need
to
make
our
choice
to
act
now.” As
one
that
is
more
naturally
drawn
to
Vonnegut’s
 penetrating,
somewhat
dark
view
of
humanity,
it
is
this
 kind
of
hope
that
I,
and
likely
many
of
us,
need
in
these
 troubling
times.
 It’s
clear,
too,
that
Mr.
Gore
has
responded
to
the
criticism
 of
“An
Inconvenient
Truth”
as
being
short
on
solutions

ig^b iVW

by
providing
us
with
this
incredibly
applicable
guide.
In
 doing
so,
he
hands
us
the
needed
framework
to
move
 from
a
fossil‐fuel
based
economy
to
one
that
transitions
 towards
the
goal
of
“350
parts‐per‐million”,
the
upper
 limit
for
safe
atmospheric
carbon
concentration
that
 NASA
scientist
James
Hansen
identified.
 Gore
began
his
task
by
gathering
leading
experts
from
 around
the
world
for
30
intensive
“Solution
Summits”.
The
 culmination
of
these
lengthy
conversations
provides
this
 books’
blueprint,
with
practical
and
well‐developed
results.
 First,
Gore
examines
energy
sources;
concentrated
solar
 thermal
(CST)
power
and
photovoltaic
(PV)
power
are
 logically
explained
and
evaluated.
Wind
harvesting,
 geothermal
energy,
and
biomass
are
all
well
analyzed
 versus
the
backdrop
of
our
present
coal‐hungry,
fossil
 fuel
based
addiction.
No
mention
was
made
of
using
 solar
thermal
technologies
to
heat
water
for
residential
 applications,
though,
which
is
definitely
an
oversight. Still,
Gore
makes
up
for
it
by
providing
an
updated
view
 on
smart
grid
technologies,
including
modernizing
our
 present
grids,
storage
opportunities,
and
progress
in
 the
development
of
batteries.
He
also
does
a
great
job
 of
insisting
that
energy
efficiency
is
the
needed
first
 step
in
solving
our
climate
crisis,
affirming
that
it
is
also
 the
most
cost‐effective
and
most
quickly
implemented
 option
we
possess.

+'

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The
easy‐to‐grasp
arc
mapping
our
current
crisis
and
 the
science
behind
it,
an
overview
of
the
options
we
can
 presently
rely
on,
to
the
very
real
political
obstacles
we
 face,
forms
a
logical
pathway
to
help
us
create
a
future
 positive
outcome.

Touching
on
everything
from
how
a
simple
turbine
works
 to
carbon
capture
and
sequestration,
from
deforestation
 and
agriculture
to
carbon
offset
programs,
this
textbook‐ like
compilation
provides
the
layman
and
expert
alike
a
 thorough
and
comprehensive
reference
guide.

First
and
foremost
is
our
need
for
a
paradigm
shift
 in
both
the
way
we
think
about
this
crisis,
and
in
our
 consumptive
behavior.
This
thinking
reminded
me
of
 Thomas
Pynchon’s
The
Logic
of
Sufficiency,
in
which
the
 idea
of
sufficiency
(not
meant
to
infer
“doing
without”,
 but
rather
doing
well)
claims
that
a
society
cannot
 operate
as
if
“there’s
never
enough
and
never
too
much”.

Presented
in
book
form
that
feels
like
a
power
point
 presentation
(no
need
to
reinvent
the
wheel,
right?),
the
 graphics
are
at
times
beautiful
and
stark
in
depicting
 the
grandness
of
our
planet
and
its
life,
to
downright
 pedestrian
while
visually
describing
the
“urbanization
 and
growth
of
megacities”
and
other
robust
ideas
that
 require
a
simpler
translation.

Gore
provides
a
great
anecdote,
too,
retelling
the
story
 of
constructing
medieval
cathedrals.
He
describes
how
 our
ancestors
had
the
ability
to
think
long
term,
knowing
 that
these
projects
would
take
a
century
to
complete.
The
 message,
of
course,
is
that
we
do
possess
the
ability
to
act
 now
to
affect
change
for
a
future
we,
ourselves,
will
not
 fully
experience.

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WORKSHOPS PRESENTED BY CASCADIA: DESIGN & BUILD NEW ENERGY-EFFICIENT HOSPITAL AND HEALTHCARE FACILITIES IN BC Vancouver, BC – 01/28

OTHER EVENTS: INTEGRATED LARGE-SCALE GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS WORKSHOP Victoria, BC – 01/27 SUSTAINABLE BUILDING ADVISOR PROGRAM Bend, OR – 02/5 + 02/6 LIVING FUTURE Seattle, WA – 05/5 – 05/7

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