Future Experiences Project Process Journal
Eddie Allbutt Glasgow School of Art 2018/19
“Personalised health is an approach to healthcare that puts the citizen at the centre of a discussion about their own care and well-being. This is possible due to the development of tailor-made diagnostic, treatment and prevention strategies, so that patients receive therapies that are specifically designed for them. Only through the collaboration between clinical scientists, medical practitioners, pharmaceutical companies and designers, capable of giving form to the future, can the potential of this technological breakthrough deliver the promise of better lives for all our fellow citizens. �
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Future Experience
Contents Part One 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 20 22 24 32 36 37
Introduction Project Launch Research Visit Group Research Future Forecasting Recognising Stakeholders Further Speculating Physicalising Research Design & Build Exhibition Design Final Outcome Conclusion Final Reflections
Glasgow School of Art
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Introduction One of the most significant societal shifts currently taking place within the field of Precision Medicine is the transformation around what it means to be a patient and a professional working within this context. The public’s role is developing beyond oncepassive patients into stakeholders valued within the medical industry and healthcare sector for their participation in clinical trials, and contribution towards policy-making and decision-making committees. This new dynamic is changing the traditional patient-doctor relationship and challenging the hegemony of medical practice at an institutional level. The impetus for this shift is relentless technological acceleration and increased scientific research, in particular driven by advances in PM. Contemporary product design is not only an industrial or production-focused occupation; rather, it is becoming an epistemological practice, which explores the future, generates new knowledge and formulates hypotheses about how people may live or work in the years to come. Whether a designed product is an artefact, service or experience, knowing ‘how’ to understand what drives people, ‘what’ their needs are and ‘why’ remains fundamental to the role of a designer.
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Future Experience
This fourth-year project presents the opportunity to apply my design education to a field previously disassociated with design practice; healthcare. By catalysing the collaboration of a class of Art School students with a diverse team of healthcare professionals, GSA is hypothesising on the role that design practice might have on future healthcare. From my perspective, this project allows me to build experience in applying design practice and thinking to subjects dominated by science; those of cancer, precision medicine and end-of-life-treatment. This project process journal acts as a chronological documentation of the design process; reflecting on a project that blended theoretical research and strategic insight with an end-point of some practical application.
Glasgow School of Art
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Project Launch
“Your objective is to investigate, in both analytical and speculative ways, future forms and functions of cancer treatment and care in relation to PM, to develop a future scenario and design the artefact, service and the experience(s) associated with it.�
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Future Experience
Designer
Genomic Researcher & Geneticist
Oncologist
Kirsty Ross
Nicol Keith
Rob Jones
The project launch, at CitizenM hotel in Glasgow city centre was a brief introduction to this experimental project. Under the guidance of Kirsty Ross, Course Leader, Nicol Keith, Genomic Researcher and Rob Jones, Oncologist, the diverse and interdisciplinary subject matter was presented. Cancer Care is a subject that we as designers rarely find ourselves encountering. The insight of Nicol and Rob was an initial push to understand the workings of the medical field, to empathise with workers we had never before encountered and for scientific environments we hadn’t expected ourselves to be in.
The project presentation, led by Kirsty and Nicol while complimented by Rob, introduced the necessity and value of interdisciplinary collaboration within the medical field. The experience of this project will provide the opportunity to meet the precise, prescribed world of medicine with the human-centred, emotional application of design thinking.
precise speciďŹ c
broad ethereal
Precision Medicine
Design Opportunities
Glasgow School of Art
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Research Visit Clinical Innovation Hub- University of Glasgow
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Future Experience
As a class, we visited the Clinical Innovation Hub at the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital. This was an attempt to familiarise ourselves with the companies and research bodies currently working with precision medicine. The Hub at the is an interdisciplinary research/innovation base that capitalises on an access link to the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital and the plethora of medical data that it holds.
A valuable reflection from the experience was in recognising the hub as for its role both as a centre for collaboration and as base for the cross-pollination of ideas. It provides the space for politicians, clinicians, designers and investors to base themselves and innovate, with the benefit of the attatched medical environment.
We had conversations with the doctors, researchers, data engineers and many other workers based in the hub; going over their expectations of innovation in the medical field; educating ourselves as much as possible in the matter.
Designers
Politicians Clinicians
Nurses Researchers Geneticists
Oncologists Investors
Glasgow School of Art
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Group Research Collectively researching through a certain ‘lens’
Social Technological Economic Ecological Ethical Political Legal Educational
The class was encouraged to research cancer care technology and precision medicine collectively, with each group of four people focusing on one particular ‘lens’. My group was tasked with researching future cancer care and medical technology through the lens of ‘Education’. Our firsts steps of research were formulated through the creation of ‘Steeple’ cards. The ‘Steeple’ Card methodology allows insights and their relevant links to be collected in succinct cards and then used throughout discussions as stimulus to design propositions.
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Future Experience
Indicators 1. Waldorf schools champion an alternative methodology
Creation of Research Cards 2. Montessori nurseries encourage primary education via outdoor play
Links
https://montessori-nw.org/what-is-montessori-education/ https://www.edinburghsteinerschool.org.uk/
Alternative Education Educators use alternative methodology to mainstream
Present
E
Insight Technological Prowess in Artifical Intelligence allow
Insight
machines to learn and develop independently. This permits independent research on the computer’s behalf, solving complex problems at no expense to a human-being
The proliferation of health-tech start ups contribute health kits to be used in the domestic home. These pick up user information over any given period and provide insight (unprofessional)
Indicators
Insight
1. Imaging Center of Excellence (Glasgow) employs AI methods 2. AI explored as useful in classrooms.
Indicators
Institutions allow a dynamic with two-way communication, the teacher can learn from the student as much as the
1. Apple Health Kit, Nike+, Fitbit are now gaining an in-
student can learn from the teacher. Learning is championed
sight into our health. 2. Partner Applications link physical world with digital data
by guided experiences rather than prescribed materials
Links https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2018/07/25/how-is-ai-usedin-education-real-world-examples-of-today-and-a-peek-into-the-future/ https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/healthcare/publications/ai-robotics-new-health/transforming-healthcare.html Indicators
1. Waldorf schools champion an alternative methodology Artificial Intelligence
2. Montessori nurseries encourage primary education via Near
Machines building understanding of human data outdoor play
Links https://montessori-nw.org/what-is-montessori-education/ https://www.edinburghsteinerschool.org.uk/
Links
Insight
https://developer.apple.com/healthkit/ http://digitalhealthblog.upthereeverywhere.com/
The proliferation of health-tech start ups contribute health
E
kits to be used in the domestic home. These pick up user information over any given period and provide insight (unprofessional)
AI enabled kits with embedded sensors
1. Apple Health Kit, Nike+, Fitbit are now gaining an in2. Partner Applications link physical world with digital data
Present
Educators use alternative methodology to mainstream Links
Insight Technological Prowess in Artifical Intelligence allow
E
https://developer.apple.com/healthkit/ http://digitalhealthblog.upthereeverywhere.com/
AI enabled kits with embedded sensors
There is “potential to transform the public’s dependency and demands of the healthcare system moving fowards”
Indicators
Present
E
https://digital.nhs.uk/services/nhs-app Fooducate, Glooko, Glucosio (apps)
advisors/services leads to seemingly well informed patients, responsible for their own diseases, choosing between a number of options for managing their illness.
2. AI explored as useful in classrooms.
and demands of the healthcare system moving fowards”
https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2018/07/25/how-is-ai-usedin-education-real-world-examples-of-today-and-a-peek-into-the-future/ https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/healthcare/publications/ai-robotics-new-health/transforming-healthcare.html
between a number of options for managing their illness.
Introduction of technology-based healthcare providers/
There is “potential to transform the public’s dependency
KEY INSIGHTS
patients, responsible for their own diseases, choosing
Links
methods
Links
advisors/services leads to seemingly well informed
management of pre-existing conditions. etc diabetes
Insight
1. Imaging Center of Excellence (Glasgow) employs AI
Introduction of technology-based healthcare providers/
2. Companies launch applications catering for scheduling/
Health Kits
independent research on the computer’s behalf, solving
Indicators
E
1. NHS launches 24/7 digital advice application
machines to learn and develop independently. This permits complex problems at no expense to a human-being
Present
Insight
Indicators
sight into our health.
Alternative Education
Health Kits
Condition Self-Management Mediums Patients benefit from instant access to care/information
Present
E
Indicators 1. NHS launches 24/7 digital advice application 2. Companies launch applications catering for scheduling/ management of pre-existing conditions. etc diabetes
Difference between information and Artificial Intelligence E knowledge: Doctors have concern about The cards we created numbered over giving patients information they don’t knowSelf-Management thirty, between Condition Mediums the efforts of four group E how to handle members; exploring themes such as: Patient Management Mediums, Wearable Digital Platforms: The best cure for handling Technology, Alternative Education Models. illnesses often doesn’t included more time We then presented these cards to the class, with a phone and in turn furthered our education in Precision Medicine through their alternative Genomic Family Tree: What are the physical insights. effects of genomic medicine in the long term, and for future generations? This process naturally demarcated thematic similarities and we found there to be Collaboration: How, as designers, do we feel recurring insights that would likely be we can contribute to the practice of medical revisited later in the project. masters students? We also learnt that the theme ‘education’ as Workforce: How will precision medicine alter an umbrella term can be applied to a wide the required experience/education of the range of contexts and interpreted in various general workforce? eg Pathological Analysts ways: literally, metaphorically, purely visually requiring coding knowledge etc. Links
https://digital.nhs.uk/services/nhs-app Machines building understanding of human data
Near
Fooducate, Glooko, Glucosio (apps)
Patients benefit from instant access to care/information
Glasgow School of Art
Present
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Future Forecasting with Studio AndThen
Under the leadership of Santini Basra, from Studio AndThen, we participated in a future forecasting workshop, aimed at extracting possible future scenarios from a central theme of research: Precision Medicine. The exercise worked by initially recognising stakeholders; these provoking first-round effects from the central stimulus: Precision Medicine. Page 12
Future Experience
3rd round effect
2nd round effect
1st round effect
Stimulus
In developmental stages of thinking, we moved through evolved stages of speculation on how these people, interactions and products might function in the future, as shown in the following pages of this journal. This was incredibly valuable in exploring abstract futures and allowed the rapid discovery of more unpredictable applications for precision medicine than currently understood. Glasgow School of Art
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Recognising Stakeholders Hypothesising User Journeys
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Future Experience
This first round of work involved the creation of stakeholders from our existing ‘Steeple’ card research, observed through the lens of Education. We quickly developed stakeholders into a user-journey map to understand their possible experiences in a process of a cancer journey. The emphasis on rapid iteration allowed quick development of thinking. We were able to collect all stakeholders applicable to our lens and assess their relevance to the theme of ‘Education’.
Glasgow School of Art
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Further Speculating
Second & Third Round Effects
In the second round of effects, we created a number of future scenarios under the consequences of the application of precision medicine.
With each progressing round, we looked further into the future of precision medicine and abstracted the possibilities of its application.
In the third round, these were developed again in to the consequences of the second round effects.
This was an effective exercise for developing thinking, although the most abstracted and impractical scenarios would not necessarily be considered as applicable for this project.
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Future Experience
Glasgow School of Art
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Four Future Scenarios We chose four of these future scenarios collected from the previous stages, that we were interested in, and expanded them in to four posters. These were then presented to the rest of the class and discussed in a democratic setting.
This was the first stage in expanding on what had been before a collection of data and written research. The presentation of these pieces of work was another step in realising ideas and sharing insight with the group.
In the same vein, we created future news stories that communicated the unexpected events occurring from our Future Precision Medicine Scenarios.
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Future Experience
News Stories in the future world
Glasgow School of Art
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Physicalising Research
At this stage, we took part in a prototyping workshop, with Brian Proudfoot, of GOOOD design. Brian’s workshop included physicalising the intended design experience in an effort to articulate visually and sensorially the feelings of the healthcare experience. The moodboard structure encourages the recognition of various elements of the future of design. This exercise was invaluable in beginning to understand the sensorial aspects of the design. This stage moved on our groups thinking from 2 to 3-dimensional. With the early choice of pink, pastel colours we began to build the idea of a service with a soft, comforting and caring tone.
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Future Experience
External Consultation This day allowed consultation with practitioners to discuss the design directions and any medical areas of uncertainty. This was helpful in understanding the practicalities and limitations of design opportunities at this stage. The experts were able to advise from a medical perspective on early identified design opportunities. I spent a few days on a personal project, experiencing the perspective of a patient first-hand; ill with mumps and forbidden from the studio. It was an interesting time to suddenly become a involuntary participant in the medical system; while undertaking a project analysing it. The design research was left in the capable hands of my group members, Monika, Clarisse and Sophia, who ensured the research continued to be undertaken.
Glasgow School of Art
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Design&Build
Synthesising Research into Presentable Deliverables
The project deliverable at this stage was an exhibition that communicated our research findings up until this point. We worked in the framework of: Educating____ on ______ because_______. This allowed us to collect and present our research in set scenarios. We sourced this information fromm the research we had demarcatdc into loose themes earlier in the process, these being: Genomic Identification, Knowing your Genetic Roots, Educating about Private Data, New Job and Education Opportunities, and An Approach to Mental Health Provision & End of Life Care Page 22
Future Experience
We took the research map that we had illustrated; that which laid out the identified research themes and their relationships with each other, and began to distill them into a communicative exhibit that would summarise this complex process. The physical parameters were 1 metre by 1 metre.
1m x 1m Glasgow School of Art
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Exhibition Design
Through an extensive and taxing process of deliberation and experimentation, we managed to distill a portion of our research into an illustrative map, that demonstrates our themes and their relationships to one another. This solar system strategy represents a designed methodology for collecting and presenting our research.
Themes: Understanding my condition Learning about my experience Learning to live with cancer Learning to talk about cancer
We categorised our research into four themes, centred around the theme of education. Four approaches to education in the Future Cancer Care setting, each represented by an accompanying artefact within our exhibition. Page 24
Future Experience
Glasgow School of Art
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The Future Scenario
A situation in which the exhibition will exist
The future of Precision Medicine will not only explore the medical side of cancer diagnosis and treatment, but will also consider the patient’s life outside of these clinical environments. By implementing a more holistic practice, patients will have the opportunity to better educate themselves, with tools and artefacts provided by unified future health services. The empowerment of patients and their loved ones will encourage them to explore the topic of cancer.
Sally has recently been diagnosed with breast cancer. This news is shocking and overwhelming. For Sally and many other cancer patients, the future at this stage feels uncertain. It’s important for Sally to feel reassured before speaking to her loved ones about her condition.
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Depending on your age, class or background certain places tend to suit you better. We don’t want division, instead championing a more human centred approach: learning from experience; empowering patients to reflect on themselves so they can go on to educate people around them.
Future Experience
Source: It’sNiceThat.com
The Future Exhibition
This desktop exhibition that we built is a collection of objects representative of the future cancer care experience, ranging from contemporary objects to experiences further into the future.
Material Now
Immaterial Future
Glasgow School of Art
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healthy eating A healthy, balanced diet is key to an eective recovery and a sustainable lifestyle
In addition to the solar system poster
This poster represents current similar posters in doctors’ waiting rooms and practices. Generalised, unstimulating and one-dimensional, we wanted to represent the ineffectiveness of a poster such as this.
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Future Experience
Aa Bb Cc
anxiety breast cancer
This poster inserts relevant subjects into the context of a child’s educational poster. Anxiety, cancer, breasts; topics largely not discussed in the health realm. We believed that an early and honest discussion for developing minds would make for better future experiences. Glasgow School of Art
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Exhibition Objects
The cards are an emotional tool for discussing emotions and experiences from the cancer treatment. It could allow patients to communicate their feelings more fluidly with loved ones and professionals.
Losing a breast or changes to a breast through surgery and radiotherapy can have a big impact on a person’s sexual satisfaction. They may experience areas of numbness and sensitivity, or loss of sensitivity. In the future, we envision a human centred approach to educating the patient about their needs and sexuality.
This information sheet represents the failure of current cancer information provision. The list of sources, while useful in collection of valid information, is ineffective in connecting with patients emotionally and providing a high quality of cancer care service.
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Future Experience
The genomic identification card represents cancer empowerment. Through precision medicine, the patient can identify the exact mutation in their body. Physicalising the nonmaterial illness makes it no longer an alien source.
This diary, be it electronic or physical, is a tool to enable patients to record and reflect on their experiences over a 5 year period. The diary can be used to pass on to future patients who may experience similar journeys based on their genomic match.
Glasgow School of Art
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Final Outcome We presented our developed, final exhibition design in a public setting: the Reid Gallery on the ground floor of the Glasgow School of Art. The exhibiton was refined into a central, circular table, with one singular object representing each of our medical themes. The objects were laser cut in a striking blue acrylic in contrast with the white platforms that supported them. The stands were designed to suggest gesture; each object sitting at a different height, in a different position; both in motion and framed within the scene.
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Future Experience
Glasgow School of Art
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Future Experience
Glasgow School of Art
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Conclusion
Precision medicine allows treatment to be chosen precisely for the individual. However, with every cancer diagnosis, the process gets overwhelming by the information and sources provided by different institutions. Access to information online could cause the patient to become overwhelmed with sometimes irrelevant, repetitive or contradictory information about their treatment. Furthermore, the tone of voice from these institutions vary, causing further confusion. Embracing a holistic view is key to the future of Precision Medicine. We envision effective Precision Medicine that looks beyond genomic technology and demands a more holistic approach to the patients. Interventions are tailored according not only to individual’s genes and family history but also emotions, needs, spirituality, personality and culture.
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Future Experience
Final Reflection
This project was, without a doubt, the most challenging and taxing I’ve undertaken during my education at The Glasgow School of Art. The initial stages of planned research were rigorous, and the distillation of information rapid. The development of physcial concepts and building their representations was a challenging process; amplified by the additional pressure of writing my BDes Dissertation and trying to negotatiate studio/workshop access over the course of the Winter Break. The education I’ve received and the familiarity I’ve gained with designing for Future Cancer Care, and Healthcare in general, I’m very grateful for, but the process of this project was immensely challenging due to the above factors. With the enormous effort my group undertook, the outcome was worthwhile, and I was very happy with the exhibtion and its accompanying presentation as a representation of our project efforts. Following this first part of the project, I was looking forward to returning to my individual style of work, as I identified my area of interest and developed an individual response to the opportunity of designing with precision medicine in the future cancer landscape. Glasgow School of Art
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Part Two Introduction Healthcare Tribes Chosen Users Accompanying Theory Practitioner Contributions Refining Persona Design Philosophy Concept Designing for Interactions Design Aesthetic Design Alterations Further Applications Conclusion Final Reflection
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Future Experience
38 40 42 44 46 48 52 54 62 64 66 68 70 71
Introduction
“The individual part of the project asks you to select an aspect of the future world you have created, and develop it in order to design imaginative artefacts, services and experiences for the people who live and work within it. To begin with, you should generate concepts to explore who you are designing for within different scenarios and establish the specific context in which you are designing. These concepts will form the basis of a specialist workshop, during which you will produce a clear definition of who it is you are designing for – future users – with consideration for how Precision Medicine could be used to enable the dynamics of people, process and practice.”
Glasgow School of Art
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Healthcare Tribes
As an introduction to the individual phase of this project, a second workshop from Studio AndThen encouraged the refinement of stakeholders, identified previously as being significant to our chosen context of Education in cancer care, into individualised groups, or ‘tribes’. We were able to use these tribes to hypothesise, through discussion, on the scenarios at which they would interact. The act of creating these tribes was an exercise that advanced my thinking, bringing the processes of discussion and research back into more practical scenarios.
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Future Experience
Uninformed Family & Friends
Complete novices in the realm of cancer care, they are in need of information and advice in terms of caring and accommodating for a cancer patient
While they have the best intentions, this tribe can be clumsy with their interactions. They are learning constantly and want to do be the best for their friend/ family
Recently Diagnosed Youth
They are the young people who have recently been diagnosed with a chronic disease and are preparing to deal with it.
New Parents
While outwardly relaxed, they silently worry about how the condition will impact their development. They need to be prompted in discussion regarding their feelings/ emotions. Confident in thinking pragmatically; weaker in listening to their own advice and expressing themselves.
To manage the prospect of cancer through their inexperienced lens and cater for a possible baby of theirs entering the world
A young family, distressed with the prospect of cancer and how it will affect their young family.
Glasgow School of Art
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Chosen Users
My interest from the workshop was sparked by two tribes in particular, the “Recently Diagnosed Youth” and “Uninformed Family and Friends”. My thinking was that, as a young person myself, I had already had friends close to me affected by cancer, and felt it was a stakeholder I could really empathise with. The uninformed family and friends I felt had a lot of opportunities for design intervention. They are a group who have so much love for the patient and attention to the situation, but my previous research from discussion with healthcare professionals had informed me that their attention was often misplaced, and they could be an ineffective addition to the process. An added insight to this situation was in the ubiquity of the bedroom as a place of rest for the patient. As a site where the recovering patient will spend an overwhelming majority of their time, it seems fitting that it might provide design opportunities and should be acknowledged. This quick workshop process of constructing a scenario and communicating this in a low fidelity video unearthed a number of themes that run through the relationship of the patient, the carer and the home environment.
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Future Experience
Themes
Convalescent domesticity- health monitoring in the future home
Carer dialogue
Relationship to outside world
Food & Nutrition Provision Glasgow School of Art
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Accompanying Theory
It’s important to acknowledge, at this stage, the link between the project at this point and the research it is founded upon. My personal project direction is concerned with the understood realms of “Learning to Live with Cancer” and “Understanding my Condition”. Each of these themes have the patient at the centre of the experience, and my intention at this point was to continue to develop from the identified thematic Healthcare opportunities with the user at the centre of the intervention.
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Future Experience
Of the artefacts we created in the first stage of this project; these are the ones that stand out in relevance for me. This Diary in this case represents patient selfreflection. The Genomic Identification card represents cancer empowerment; physicalising the nonmaterial illness makes it no longer an alien source. The Holistic Information Form allows personalised care from the healthcare provider for the cancer treatment in line with an understanding of the patients’ preferences. Each of these objects, and their characteristics, were emblematic of the considerations I wanted to take forward into my design.
Glasgow School of Art
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Practitioner Contributions Consultation with visiting consultants, Liz and Elspeth, sparked an interest in extreme/ isolated patients. The collective understanding was that mainstream design envelops the vast majority but forgets those on the periphery. Those who don’t know how to ask for help, who don’t have an immediate support system or aren’t capable of giving themselves the best chances.
Attention/Care
Their insight was that there would be more value in focusing on those out-with the mainstream design scope, as they would be the ones who benefit from design the intervention the most.
People
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Future Experience
precise speciďŹ c
broad ethereal
Precision Medicine
Design Opportunities
In addition, Liz stressed the importance of a practical solution; of ideas working in a very strict reality. This reinforced the existing philosophy for the aim of this project; finding the intersection between the precise, specific realm of precision medicine and the broader, ethereal world of design work.
Glasgow School of Art
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Refining Persona
Through the process of refinement I further created a number extreme users; those on the fringes of the cancer care system who may not have their needs suitably catered for currently. Each at opposite ends of the spectrum and with different accessibility needs. I tried to consider their circumstances being both unusual but applicable to others, and was able to begin hypothesising on what their cancer treatment might be like. Page 48
Future Experience
Scenario concept Early morning self-care Student name: Scenario name: Visualise your idea here as if telling a story . . .
Eddie Allbu
Who is involved? Linda, 65, a widow from South Uist. Her son lives on the mainland, in Inverness. She’s from a small community where people live distances apart. Connected digitally but not physically What are they doing? Linda is getting up in the morning, making herself a cup of tea and a decent breakfast. She eats well, and then make her way to the doctor’s for a consultation. Personalized medicine is integrated into her morning routine and accounts for a part of her recovery process Why are they doing it? Linda needs to start the day right. She is not good at self-care and tends to put others needs before hers. She needs to eat well, stay warm, rest, and keep up good interaction with friends and family to aid her recovery. She is motivated by keeping up a good example for her concerned family When will it occur? Every morning, 7-9am. 2028; the near future. Remote communities can be connected digitally but not physically. The future cancer care landscape caters for patients in similarily universal fashion with integrated home technology
healthcare provider
Where will it be located? Within her home. Bedside. An ephemeral presence in the sleeping setting of Linda’s life. There might be accompanying material but the service itself is likely to be immaterial/surreptitous. What is the key moment within it? The first thing when Linda wakes up. Providing comfort and satisfaction. An intermediary. Also important: The repetition of the key moment. The regularity of the contact.
Of the six persona I created, at this stage carers I decided to work with Linda, a 65 year old widow from South Uist, in the Outer Hebrides. She would be a character who is living by herself, in a geographically isolated community, but who has a strong support system surrounding her. I created a scenario to design for, part of Linda’s day of cancer recovery and treatment at home that might be provide opportunity to intervene.
Glasgow School of Art
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Linda’s moments in the morning
I initially worked with an extended user journey of Linda’s movements to get up in the morning, but decided to focus this in on the first two steps and look at them in more detail. This process was, again, communicated by video in the same style as the previous, and was constructed from a selection of colour and textures that began to set the scene for the visual language of the design. The identification of these most key aspects of Linda’s days provided insights of what her priorities were, what she needed to do to start the day off right and continue a good recovery process.
(she’s a traditionalist)
Quiet Environment, she lives alone
Devices wake up, heating spikes
Archetypal alarm clock set on bedside cabinet
ACT
Linda lies in bed asleep
House prepares for wakeup
Alarm goes off
FUTURE TECHNOLOGY
Sound of ocean, peaceful, set sounds
Artificial intelligence connected to home devices, knows her preferences
Sleep tracker recognises best time for her to wake up
DESCRIPTION
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Future Experience
The Extreme Needs of Linda
1.
Getting in contact with her doctor
Physically receiving her Prescription
2. These are the three absolute needs of Linda, to ensure a positive recovery process and continued optimism.
3.
Somebody accounting for her continued wellbeing
My design thinking, in progression from these insights, bears in mind these three needs.
Volume increasing exponentially on slow scale
Linda wakes
Sound of birds, ocean
She looks to the ceiling, interface
She lies in bed, awake
Messages displayed on ceiling
Considers sleep, thinks about day ahead
Moving, day has begun
Sits up, feet on oor
Out of bed
Sensoral carpet grows to her touch
Home registers she is out of bed
Glasgow School of Art
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Design Philosophy
It became clear over the course of this research project that the NHS sits at the middle of a vast array of medical practitioners of varying output; the NHS is the centre-point and the main control body.
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In the same way, the notion of home care involves a number of stakeholders; the healthcare provider itself, the patient, their family/friends and any number of carers.
Future Experience
In the future, I can see a more fluid intersection of healthcare and homecare. The NHS as the central provider may see itself integrated more intimately into the lives of its patients in order to provide a higher standard of care.
Glasgow School of Art
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Concept
NHS HomeCare is a future service framework, provided by the Scottish Health System, specifically designed to cater for vulnerable patients in unusual, spread-out locations. The service is founded on the idea that in the future landscape, healthcare will be more significantly integrated into our home lives.
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Future Experience
NHS HomeCare Patient User Journey
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Following surgery, patient sent home, Referred to NHS HomeCare Infrastructure
Individualised Treatment Plan Designed
Package physically provided to patient
Patient home, devices set up
Treatment monitored, developed
Constant sampling, data fed in to medical research
The Service would be integrated into the patients treatment process following a significant event like chemotherapy or radiotherapy, when at home recovering alone. The next stage is the design of an individualised treatment plan. Holistic medicine is an important focus for the future. The patient will be provided with the collection of artefacts in much the same way as a baby box, at which point patient set-up will be aided by HomeCare representatives. The medical treatment plan can then be monitored collaboratively constantly. The home sampling arm of this service permits the constant circulation of genomic data; understanding how the body reacts to treatment and applying it to a variety of trials, remotely. Glasgow School of Art
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The delivered box would be filled with a genetic sampling kit; an interface for interacting with medical practitioners, and a vital-sign monitoring device.
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Future Experience
Glasgow School of Art
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The genetic sampling kit is a pre-existing technology that allows the analysis of genomic data within the home. Currently, the sample might be taken in the house and sent of to the laboratory for interoperation. In the future, I’m imagining that not only can the sample be taken in the home, but read in the home, using technology as simple as a smartphone. The immaterial then being sent over to the HomeCare research lab for further digestion.
Collect urine.
1. Use our Urine Collector.
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Scan the lid
2. Scan the lid using the app. Follow the in-app instructions to scan the test strip.
Future Experience
Analyze
3 Track your results with the app! We'll take care of the rest!
As you can see here, it’s possible to translate complex medical data into digestible, user-friendly graphics. In the context of NHS HomeCare, the patient is able to see, on some level, the changes their body is undergoing, and use this as a reference point in consultations with their nurses to understand their condition.
Glasgow School of Art
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Remember this photo You took last Saturday at Clachan Sands
I would imagine the HomeCare interface would advise on eating and drinking habits, as well as suggesting additions when compiling the shopping list. The Interface acts as a medium for intelligence to be gathered on the patients habits and advice to be given on areas for change. NHS HomeCare is able to build up a picture of the patients routine, understanding their schedule and knowing when to suggest positive actions.
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It’s also important to include pages on how the patients genomic data has been used. What treatment it has impacted and how it might be applied in the future, communicated in a brief news update. In the same vein, it might be that genomic information has helped the patient themselves, and so it should be explained its application to their own treatment. This continuity in communication should be transferred across to the sampling; with a description accompanying the material with medical precision to every log; explaining what was learnt from each piece. Interface idea wireframes How my data has helped others Treatment...
Future...
SAMPLE: 17/4/2028
Context
What We Learnt
Glasgow School of Art
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Designing for Interactions I wanted to experiment with applying the structure of the HomeCare system by revisiting the extreme users I had created earlier in the project. One of the most valuable element of this service its personalisation, so I wireframed the interface with separate features depending on the needs of the individual users The treatment designed for 65 year old Linda from South Uist isn’t going to suit 5 year old Alice from bearsden. With a core functionality of a few features most important to the patient, the exact nature of this differs. For Alice, her treatment is more emotional and basic, while Linda’s involves greater intelligence and consideration.
The use of medical services and the application of genomic data is adapted to the needs of each new patient A young man like Kyle has services that cater to his dealing with High School Education while the uses of John’s application are more centred around ownership and dignity.
Picture Exercise
Hi Alice!
Hope you’re ready for an action packed day
Chat to Nurse Kate See Mum and Dad
Alice 5 from Bearsden Brain Tumor
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Dr. Nick Check-in
Morning John
Let’s see what the day is bringing
David Johnson Scheduled Call Future Planning
John 57 from Edinburgh Proud Grandfather Prostate Cancer
Exam Liason
Hey Kyle
Here’s the outlook for today!
Nurse Matthews Call Visualisation
Kyle 16 from Ballater Testicular Cancer Glasgow School of Art
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Design Aesthetic
homecare
The aesthetic for NHS Homecare is derived from the blue of traditional NHS branding, diluted to differentiate itself as a slightly different service. Organic shapes align to images of organic cells and natural land formations. The structure of the home forms the vital structure for the icon. The typeface is arial; the secondary choice of NHS itself, and this will form the go-to for all communication. Page 64
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& Development
A modest expansion to allow greater breadth in colour palette and depth in variation of organic shapes. The implementation of various shades of the three main colour groups, brown, blue and green, allow for more options in terms of branding.
homecare
Glasgow School of Art
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Design Alterations Blood Testing
A Home diagnostic blood testing kit will look for the existence of cancerous cells in the blood. This post-chemotherapy treatment course will monitor the process of the body’s declining cancer. This information will then be fed back to the specialist HomeCare consultants in assessing the patient’s recovery. This will be assessed by measure of Complete Blood Count (CBC) and is the most accessible and common method of testing. The value of this is in finding cancer cells in the blood, this service is not looking for constant genomic data but constantly searching for existence of cancer cells.
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Source: Wired Magazine https://www.wired.co.uk/article/smartphone-blood-test “Perform Blood Tests with your Smartphone Screen”
Measuring Project Success This project would be a success if...
Future
Now Consultations
61% of patients said they saw their GP once or twice before being told they had to go to hospital.
Survival
50% of patients survive cancer for 10 or more years, 2010-11, England and Wales
• People are able to continue to live at home in comfort • Regular contact with the medical consultant via NHS Homecare is maintained • An efficient cancer recovery is made. • The service evolves with future technologies
Inequality
Cancer survival is generally lower in deprived areas, 2006, England
Improvement
from 24% to 50%: Cancer survival in the UK has doubled in the last 40 years
“Most of the gains in survival are experienced in people living in the most isolated areas where there remains more scope for improvement.” All Statistics: Cancer Research UK Accessed 21/12/18 https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/ cancer-statistics/survival/socio-economic-group Glasgow School of Art
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Further Applications I wanted to create a number of poster-cards; revisiting the extreme users I had created earlier in the project. These posters are useful in illustrating the use-cases of patients with their NHS Homecare provision, by communicating what might be included in their service and how it makes them feel. Establishing these scenarios is useful for future development; in which case the next step would be to source patients who possess these characteristics: being extreme users, and who could assess the worthiness of this design.
Vector illustrations initally sourced from Dribble @scottlewis
John 57 from Edinburgh Prostate Cancer
Consultant Yellow Pages Emergency Alarm
Cancer Care Diary
“With NHS Homecare, I have control again�
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Nurse Kate Doll
Communication Cards
Alice 5 from Bearsden Brain Tumor
Mummy and Daddy Monitor
“I was scared of the doctors until I had NHS Homecare”
Kyle 16 from Ballater Testicular Cancer
Positive Visualisation Games Exam Revision Prompts
School Medication Box
“NHS Homecare lets me keep going in to school, feeling normal” Glasgow School of Art
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Conclusion
NHS Homecare is a natural suggestion for the NHS to restrucure it’s organisation. In future healthcare, it’s very likely that vastly improved communication systems will allow for more intimate medical consultations. There are slow, incremental moves towards these practices being made today, therefore some manifestation of NHS Homecare is almost guaranteed. With that in mind, to develop this project I would see it taking one of two paths. On the one hand, it might be that the focus on this concept would progress through an analysis of the organisational structure of the NHS; proposing a Strategic Design intervention that suggests how their efforts might be replaced in the future; and reports, to the Managing Board, an outlook for the future of Public Healthcare. On the other hand, the project might be developed by really focusing in on the interactions that the patient is having with the service; how it develops in practicaliy with their developing needs, and the tactility of its touchpoints. This project has been conflicted by a variety of possible outcomes, and reflects my varied interest in the application of design; across the spectrum from strategic to user-centred. Page 70
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Final Reflections
The individual section of this project was an enjoyable, liberating process. A solid foundation of established research left me well positioned to develop my design proposition in any way I saw fit. I think I played it quite safe in creating NHS Homecare and wished I had attempted to grapple with something a little more uncommon and usual. The direction the second half of this project took was likely a reaction to the experience of working through the first half. The themes and emerging technologies that we discussed seemed to be likely solutions to future medical innovations, and creating a framework that would allow these innovations to exist was a natural progression. A project such as this is always a compromise between multiple aspirational viewpoints for its direction, under the additional constraints of time. I’m happy with the output, and intend to present continued developments of the final product at the stages of assesment and degree show presentation. Eddie
Glasgow School of Art
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