Yifeng_zhang_journal by Yifeng Zhang

Studio 36 NGV_C

Yifneg Zhang_977564

Task 1 Week 1

Anamorphic Doors

Spaces similar to door openings are widely used in architecture, and there is also a "frame scenery" technique in traditional Chinese architecture. Using visual errors to create a combination of virtual and real forms can get more possibilities in space.

Distortion Walls

Use the interlacing of curved surfaces to get an interesting spatial structure, and then repeat and superimpose to form a space.

Blur Shape

This is an interesting combination. The dense column net formed by the vertical stripes is then cut on the top with a distortion shape to obtain an undulating shape. This will be an interesting iteration both on the plane and on the facade.

Fragmentation

Shape

Inspired by the honeycomb, I tried to derive the shape by repeating, staggering, and stacking hexagons. And irregularly arrange the solid and hollow hexagons to get different effects.

Super graphic Facade

This is an iteration inspired by cheese. There are many works from life in contemporary art. If you regard this building as a work of contemporary art, you can present its facade in the simplest way to get an interesting light and shadow effect and internal structure.

Task 1 Week 2 Iteration in daily life

Positive and Negative/Illusion Roof

The use of stepped voids to create different light and shadow effects can form pixelated patterns in subsequent deepening. People can see the step-shaped recessed yard indoors, forming an interesting spatial structure.

Fragmentation Facade

This iteration is inspired by video art. The whole form is surrounded by a frame structure, and then a rich facade effect is obtained by changing the size and width.

Distortion

Facade

As an exterior façade imitating the water cube, a few round protrusions are used to enrich the shape of the façade. The use of color fully expresses the theme of this iteration, ‘calm’.

Fold/Illusion

Structrue

The roller coaster track has always been an interesting shape. It is very close to the truss in the building. If the truss is used in the curve of the roller coaster track, it may have different effects.

Fold Shape

Perhaps screws are often overlooked in our daily lives, but in architectural design we can use this interesting thread-like form as a passage connecting two volumes.

Fold Shape

Thread-shaped shells are very common on the seashore. It may be a bit sloppy to use it directly as the shape of a building, but if the spiral shape inside it can be used as the vertical traffic space of the building, it may not be an overly mediocre form.

Super graphic

Shape

Hexagons are not very common in our lives, but they have very superior stability, so this form of iteration can be used as the basis of structure and modeling.

The foam board that can be seen everywhere in our lives can also be an object that inspires us. The shape of the facade is changed to the shape of the foam board. The holes dug can also change the size and direction, allowing light to enter the building in different ways.

Super graphic

Facade

The cracking of the earth is a very common pattern, and the use of such cracked cubes as the form of the building is also a very common construction technique. It is the randomness of the cracks that can increase the interest and richness of the building.

Fragmentation

Shape

Fragmentation/ Distortion Shape

The use of some subtractions in the cracking technique allows the building to get more outdoor space, so that the building can be more integrated with the surrounding environment to achieve indoor and outdoor interaction.

Separation is another deformation of cracks. Some small blocks are pulled out of the main body of the building to form a morphological "island". Such small blocks can give people a sense of intimacy and desire for exploration.

Fragmentation

Shape

Fragmentation Shape

Finally, the cube is turned into a ball. This series of changes are all evolved from the same technique.

Blur/Transparency

Structure

When I look at the candy on the table, it seems to be a form that can be used as a structure. The truss wraps the fragile space inside and creates a sense of privacy. At the same time, the use of transparent materials can make the whole building more layered .

Repetition Shape

This is a simple structure, weave the structure together with the weaving technique, and build the form with the simplest repetition technique.

This is an inspiration from the Bird's Nest, using a double helix structure to divide the entire building into two streamlines, and then slightly rotating to get an interesting form. Based on the rotation of the two streamlines, the shape and structure of the entire building are obtained.

Blur/Illusion/Repetition

Shape

Casestudy

STUDIO 36 RESEARCH TASK Museum: Western Australian Museum ARCHITECT: OMA LOCATION: Perth

STUDIO 36 RESEARCH TASK: Western Australian Museum by OMA

PROGRAM

Located in Perth’s Cultural Centre, the new Western Australian Museum provides spaces for exhibitions and events, and new retail and dining opportunities for the former museum, showcasing the State’s natural and cultural collections. Formed with renovated heritage-listed buildings and new volumes, the Museum has been conceived as a framework to share the diverse stories of Western Australia—a State characterised by its extraordinary people and places and home to the oldest continuous culture on earth, an increasingly diverse, multicultural population, and a world biodiversity hotspot. FORM

In the old buildings of art galleries, libraries and contemporary art institutes dating back to the late 19th century, the design team inserted a seemingly “top-heavy” facade with extremely glossy architectural structure and an open layout Coupled with the suspended design in the middle, the whole building is in a mood of interlacing virtual and real. The addition of the new structures—including a large volume cantilevered over the Hackett Hall— has created a sheltered outdoor space, or the City Room. It is designed for public events, and accessible to everyone for daily gatherings. Visually connected to the two circulation loops inside the Museum, the City Room is the project’s focal point—at once inviting the public to explore the exhibitions, and encouraging Museum visitors to gather and exchange dialogues.

Huge Contrast among heritage buildings

Huge spiral staircase

STUDIO 36 RESEARCH TASK: Western Australian Museum by OMA

New and old collision

COMBINATION OF NEW AND OLD

In the New Museum, heritage and contemporary structures complement each other. Preserved and revitalised buildings on site include the Old Gaol dating from the mid-19th Century, the Jubilee Building built in 1899, the original Art Gallery, built in 1908 and Hackett Hall—the State Library’s reading room built in 1913. New volumes wrap around these heritage buildings to create two core elements of the Museum: two intersecting circulation loops that offer a variety of curatorial possibilities, and a ‘City Room’—a public space at the Museum’s centre for cultural programs and daily activities.

Pure Facade

SHEET&METAL FACADE

The preserved historical buildings evoke the site’s social and cultural history. Clad with perforated metal facades, the new rectangular volumes shine under sunlight and glow in the dark. The New Museum is a landmark in Perth’s Cultural Centre—for the city and the State.

Pure Facade

STUDIO 36 RESEARCH TASK: Western Australian Museum by OMA

INDOOR & OUTDOOR

The addition of the new structures—including a large volume cantilevered over the Hackett Hall— has created a sheltered outdoor space, or the City Room. It is designed for public events, and accessible to everyone for daily gatherings. Visually connected to the two circulation loops inside the Museum, the City Room is the project’s focal point—at once inviting the public to explore the exhibitions, and encouraging Museum visitors to gather and exchange dialogues.

STUDIO 36 RESEARCH TASK: Western Australian Museum by OMA

Two Loops

The two loops link the existing buildings and new volumes to create multiple visitor routes that connect exhibition galleries, event and program spaces, and commercial leases. Visitors are encouraged to explore the Museumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s collection with different perspectives and create their own experience.

Floor Plans

STUDIO 36 RESEARCH TASK: THE MAXXI BY ZAHA HADID

Cultural container

In the section, we can clearly see that the newly built museum covers the outside of the old building. The new museum is like the coat of the old site, while the old museum with rich cultural characteristics in the middle is like a protected cultural treasure. This technique is very suitable for such old site reconstruction, but it can also be used for reference in our projects. Using a similar technique, the museum is built into a â&#x20AC;&#x153;mattress-likeâ&#x20AC;? building.

Task 1 Week 2

Massing 1

Two circles are used to express two flow lines: permanent exhibition and temporary exhibition. The two streamlines are intertwined to form a staggered shape and enclose a courtyard.

Massing 2

For a city, culture is like the gene of the city, and the museum, as a carrier of culture, uses this spiral to form the shape of the building and connect them.

Massing 3

Repeated hexagonal building shapes are used to form different venues, with different proportions to express their priorities.

Massing 4

Ref: Mondrian

Massing 5

Ref: Theo van Doesburg

Massing 6

Ref: Nadezhda Petrovna Khodasevich

Massing 7

Collage+abstract object Artist ref: Auguste Herbin

Massing 8

FigerGround+building as landscape+Fragmentation Artist ref: Issey Miyake

Massing 9

Figure Ground+jump cut

Week 5-6 Mid

iteration

urban massing iteration

Site analysis

Eureka Tower

1 297.3m

Hamer Hall 162m

98m

Art Center 3 NGV

30m 5

4 Ballet Center

81m

Quest 7

9 ABC Radio

Recital Center

Southbank Theatre

Design Statement Massing 1 "How to use the least pen and ink to depict the largest amount of information" The NGV Contemporary is located on the south bank Precinct in Melbourne. Contemporary art requires contemplation and reflection. In this NGV-C, is a complex program of functions including "permanent exhibition" and "temporary exhibition" double stream line; small leisure courtyard; indoor coffee shop; gift shop. For such a multi-functional building, the attitude of breaking down of parts or function while still being connected has been adopted. Such as I refer to the creative technique of Japanese designer Issey Miyake. The site here has been broken into smaller triangular modules and forms as a continuous surface pr strategy. Each triangle has its unique function, and different materials are used in the treatment of the facade to distinguish each functional purpose. At the same time, the Federation Square plaza is not far away, and the fragmentation processing method can also echo it. The whole building is composed of triangular fragments which is similar to the faรงade of the Federation Square but it would be arranged in different ways. These broken triangles can be seen from the facade or the plan.

Perspective 1

Perspective 2

Perspective 3

Perspective 4

tio

Re c

ra ry

lle

rd tya ur co

2 Te m

or d

isp

1 tdo

lay

Ground Floor

Cafe

Ent ran ce

First Floor

Connect to the Plaza

Gift shop

Display Room

1-1 Section

Display Room

Foyer

Gift Shop

Cafe

2-2 Section

Display Room

Temporary Gallery

Display Room

Foyer

Massing 2

Second Half Semester Version 1

Corroded

Figure ground+Building as landscape+Fragmentation

Design Statement

Sou Fujimoto said that ‘What I call architecture is closely related to nature. It is the foundation of architectural thinking. Architecture is originally a man-made object, so how to make it closer to nature is the subject we often think about.’ Contemporary art also has relationship with the nature. Fragmentation can very well fragment the building into a natural similar form. According to Li He, famous professor in China, ‘Contemporary art is the sum of the characteristics of artistic phenomena and trends of thought in various regions within a period of time. Unlike postmodern art, it is not an art genre with a certain proposition, nor does it have an accurate time limit.’ Therefore, I set the theme of NGV-C as time and nature, which are displayed in the form of fragmentation. NGV-C by fragmenting the top of the entire building and gradually disappearing, it reflects the rapid development of the modern art wave, and in the "hidden" part, through the cover of plants, people feel the endless art of art. This makes NGV-C not only a contemporary art showroom, but also a contemporary artwork.

Basic Iteration

Blur

Fragmentation

Inspiration

Corroded wood

MahaNakhon by OMA

Entrance of Southbank

Perspective from ABC Radio

Perspective from gift shop

Perspective of promenade

Second Half Semester Casestudy

1.Muxin Gallery The Mu Xin Art Museum was designed and built to commemorate Mu Xin, a painter, writer, and poet, to showcase Mu Xin's paintings and literary works during his lifetime. The Mu Xin Art Museum was designed and supervised by the disciple of Pei I.M., Hiroshi Okamoto and Lin Bing of New York OLI Studio. The whole building is facing north to the south, with a slender, highly modern minimalist shape, across the surface of Wuzhen Yuanbao Lake, accompanied by reflections in the water, becoming a quiet and handsome scenic line of Wuzhen Xizha. The art gallery covers an area of 6,700 square meters and is located in Wuzhen, a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. It is located in the open area at the northern entrance of Xizha Scenic Area, between Xizha Old Street and Wuzhen Grand Theater. Its appearance matches the simple aesthetics that Mr. Mu Xin likes.

The spatial layout of buildings and streets in Wuzhen is developed by the intersection of the unique vertical and horizontal rivers in the south of the Yangtze River. The basic skeleton is formed by the water alleys and streets arranged at intervals. The streets are winding and twisting with the change of the terrain, and the residential buildings are built along the water lanes and streets , The small bridge connects the two sides of the water lane, and the buildings on both sides are staggered and advanced, forming a complete spatial pattern of the Jiangnan water town. The densely arranged houses along the water alleys and streets are the mass elements in the spatial structure of the water town. The dwellings are arranged relatively freely in the street and lane pattern. The layout of the waterfront residential buildings is more organic, following the direction of the river, the heights are staggered and inconsistent. Therefore, the spatial elements of Wuzhen Water Town can be summarized as bridges, lanes and houses.

After completion, the museum will stand facing the water, connected by three or five modern geometric shapes. The whole building is facing south, facing the Xizha Scenic Area across the water, across the surface of Wuzhen Yuanbao Lake, accompanied by reflections in the water. The first and second floors of the museum are divided into five exhibition areas, displaying a large number of paintings and literary works of Mr. Mu Xin.

The whole building is connected in series by modern and simple square boxes, and the blocks are strewn with each other, forming a contrast with the tradition of Wuzhen. The base is located in the Wuzhen Scenic Area, across the water from the Wuzhen Grand Theater designed by Yao Renxi. Entering the art gallery through the trestle bridge, the various volumes are connected by winding corridors, winding and winding, showing a relationship between the canal and the street, like walking in a water gallery, and finally the waterscape courtyard introduces water into the building, which is very shocking.

Function composition: ① Public space: foyer, lounge, ticket room, coffee shop. ② Main use space: exhibition hall. ③ Special use space: lecture hall. ④ Auxiliary space: office, warehouse, machine room, bathroom, elevator.

Wuzhen folk houses often organize their internal space by entering the courtyard as soon as they enter the courtyard. Sometimes the buildings are small and the space is separated by patios. Taking the traditional residence of Wuzhen, Qingtang, as an example, the building on the west side consists of two courtyards and two patios connecting each space; the east side is organized by three patios, and finally an enclosed back garden serves as the end of the spatial sequence.

The courtyards of Wuzhen residential buildings are mostly arranged on the central axis of the building. People travel through the courtyards to reach the various spaces inside the building, thus forming a clear hierarchy of elders and children. In contrast, the courtyard of the Muxin Art Museum is invisible and inaccessible, and the circulation inside the building is organized around the courtyard, forming a circuitous route. In addition, these courtyards are not arranged regularly along the axis of the building, but staggered across the building. As a result, the internal circulation of the museum is more varied and diverse, and the organization of the space is more flexible.

â&#x2018; Size ratio: The facade is mainly composed of three different volumes, and the gap between the three volumes will not be too large.

â&#x2018;Ą High-low relationship: The height of the volume is staggered, forming a rich architectural skyline, making the building more vivid and active.

③ Sparse relationship: The building blocks are separated by courtyards of different scales, with different sizes, density and rank.

④ Bite ratio: A similar bite ratio is used between the body blocks, generally one-third of the bite volume.

⑤ Relationship between virtual and reality: Expo buildings are dominated by exhibition halls, with low demand for lighting, mainly solid walls, decorated with a small number of "virtual" openings.

2. OMA-National Gallery of Quebec The mission of the National Gallery of Quebec (MNBAQ) is to promote and protect Quebec art from the 17th century to the present, and the second is to introduce international art exhibitions to the residents of Quebec. "In order to continue the existing topography of the park, we designed the exhibition hall as three overlapping and gradually rising volumes. The activities in the city will extend below the building, providing a brand new communication space for the city and the park." Said Shigematsu, a Japanese architect from OMA, the principal in charge. "The building facade uses three-layer glass curtain wall. For this we used three different glass materials. The first one is with special texture, the second is fritted glass, and the third is ordinary common glass. In this way, three different kinds of glass can not only form the depth and level of the building facade, but also create a illusory facade effect. Among them, the special glass material with texture can capture different light and follow the light. Subtle changes have taken place, changing the glass from a transparent and crisp stateâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;like ice or metalâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;to a typical green glass. This green glass resonates with the copper roof of the church next to it, and complements each other."

A common handling method in OMA is to empty the bottom of the urban interface to form a public space. The Shenzhen Stock Exchange also has such a design (the one nicknamed "miniskirt" by the folks). The ground floor is empty without glass, and a natural outdoor public space.

The function layout is organized according to the frequency of visits, and it is basically vertical here. The archive storage and restoration must be placed at the bottom to facilitate transportation. The large auditorium is placed on the first floor to facilitate the flow of adults. Temporary exhibition halls that often need to change exhibits are placed on the first floor and permanent exhibition halls. On the second floor, the professional niche ones are placed on the top third floor. Finally, in addition to the internal traffic connection, a circulation is added to the outside, which is good-looking and easy to use.l glass material with texture can capture different light and follow the light. Subtle changes have taken place.

According to the physical relationship formed after finishing the above, seeing the original ancient building on the right, the concession relationship formed an echo, and at the same time fell towards the park.

Inside the exhibition hall, column-free exhibition halls, auditoriums, cafes and a museum shop are all accommodated in three gradually smaller volumes. The three volumes gradually stack up from the park to the street. A huge hall with a height of 12.5 meters opens up to AllĂŠe Street. At the same time, the huge cantilever of 26.5 meters on the highest level of the building also creates a new urban square space. When strolling through a huge spiral staircase and a staircase that protrudes outwards, you can enjoy carefully designed landscapes that guide visitors to other parts of the park, city, and museum. Inside the building, the mezzanine is used to connect the temporary exhibition space and the permanent exhibition space. In the upper part of the building, the roof terrace provides a venue for outdoor exhibitions and events in the new hall.

The urban interface, the public space of a full-height glass box formed under the three-story box. The cafe should be right when you enter the door.

Second Half Semester Render Testing

Second Half Semester Plan Design Process

Brief Public

Display

Temporary exhibition hall, permanent exhibition hall, outdoor exhibition hall, foyer, viewing hall. . .

Service

Ticket sales, coffee shop, souvenir shop, bookstore, rest area, restroom, small items storage,studio. . .

Storage

Collection library, buffer room, management office

Component

Staff

Office Research

Management office, duty room, fire control center Research room, library, technical laboratory. . .

Plan Structure

Staff

Storage

Office

Shops

Research

Cafe

Exhibition Room 1 Visitor

Exhibition Room 2

Ticket Foyer

Rest Area

Temporary Exhibition

Restroom

Outdoor Exhibition

Display Circulation Return line: the entrance and exit are at the same position, the pedestrian flow line is a return line, and the entrance and exit are at the end or middle of the exhibition hall.

Display Circulation One-way route: The entrance and exit of the exhibition hall are on the two wings respectively, and the flow of people has a clear sequence and continuity.

Display Circulation Free Line: The pedestrian flow route is not a single clear route. The flow direction of the pedestrian flow will produce the phenomenon of "seepage", and tourists can freely choose the objects to visit.

Case Study Bharat Bhavan Free line

Bharat Bhavan is built on a hillside, sloping towards the lake, and consists of a series of terraces and courtyards. After entering, visitors can choose to extend down the stepped path to the lake or down to three courtyards, which provide most of the cultural facilities. These include contemporary art galleries, tribal art museums, auditoriums, Indian poetry libraries, print shops and studios where artists live. As large as the courtyard, as small as the openings in the details of the building, it ensures that everyone can understand the building in front of them from the text and graphics.

Case Study Bharat Bhavan

Second Half Semester Version 2

FANNING ST

GROUND FLOOR

10 4

1.FOYER 2.TICKET 3.CAFE 4.WORKSHOP 5.REGULAR EXHIBITION 6.SPECIAL SCULPTURE 7.ART CORRIDOR 8.ATRIUM 9.LOADING DOCK 10.STAFF OFFICE

AV A

7 2

0 1

20 (m)

BASEMENT

5 6

4 3

1.TEMPORARY EXHIBITION 2.SPECIAL EXIBITION 3.REGULAR EXHIBITION 4.ATRIUM 5.STORAGE 6.RESEARCH ROOM 7.VIP LOUNGE 8.LOUNGE 9.LIBRARY 10.SPECIAL SCULPTURE

10 down

0 1

20 (m)

FIRST FLOOR 4

1.REGULAR EXIHIBITION 2.ART CORRIDOR 3.SPECIAL SCULPTURE 4.SPECIAL EXIHIBITION

0 1

20 (m)

RENDER 1

RENDER 2

MOCK UP

Site analysis

Eureka Tower

1 297.3m

Hamer Hall 162m

98m

Art Center 3 NGV

30m 5

4 Ballet Center

81m

Quest 7

9 ABC Radio

Recital Center

Southbank Theatre

Design Statement

Basic Iteration

Inspiration

Blur

Corroded wood

Fragmentation

MahaNakhon by OMA

FANNING ST

GROUND FLOOR

10 4

1.FOYER 2.TICKET 3.CAFE 4.WORKSHOP 5.REGULAR EXHIBITION 6.SPECIAL SCULPTURE 7.ART CORRIDOR 8.ATRIUM 9.LOADING DOCK 10.STAFF OFFICE

AV A

7 2

0 1

20 (m)

BASEMENT

5 6

4 3

1.TEMPORARY EXHIBITION 2.SPECIAL EXIBITION 3.REGULAR EXHIBITION 4.ATRIUM 5.STORAGE 6.RESEARCH ROOM 7.VIP LOUNGE 8.LOUNGE 9.LIBRARY 10.SPECIAL SCULPTURE

10 down

0 1

20 (m)

FIRST FLOOR 4

1.REGULAR EXIHIBITION 2.ART CORRIDOR 3.SPECIAL SCULPTURE 4.SPECIAL EXIHIBITION

0 1

20 (m)

Render views chosen

Final Review

STUDIO 36 NGV-C FINAL REVIEW

977564 Yifeng Zhang （E）

Site Plan

Site

Surroundings Eureka Tower 1 297.3m

Hamer Hall 162m

98m

Art Center 3 NGV

30m 5

4 Ballet Center

81m

Quest 7

9 ABC Radio

Recital Center

Southbank Theatre

Iteration

Urban Massing Iteration

Aerial Perspective

Design Statement Sou Fujimoto said that ‘What I call architecture is closely related to nature. It is the foundation of architectural thinking. Architecture is originally a man-made object, so how to make it closer to nature is the subject we often think about.’ Contemporary art also has relationship with the nature. Fragmentation can very well fragment the building into a natural similar form. According to Li He, famous professor in China, ‘Contemporary art is the sum of the characteristics of artistic phenomena and trends of thought in various regions within a period of time. Unlike postmodern art, it is not an art genre with a certain proposition, nor does it have an accurate time limit.’ Therefore, I set the theme of NGV-C as time and nature, which are displayed in the form of fragmentation. NGV-C by fragmenting the top of the entire building and gradually disappearing, it reflects the rapid development of the modern art wave, and in the "hidden" part, through the cover of plants, people feel the endless art of art. This makes NGV-C not only a contemporary art showroom, but also a contemporary artwork.

Explode Diagram

Design Process

Basement_ South

1 TEMPORARY EXHIBITION 2 SPECIAL EXHIBITION 3 RESEARCH ROOM 4 SOTRAGE 5 DISPLAY ROOM 6 ATRIUM 7 LIBRARY 8 LOUNGE 10 KID ACTIVITY ROOM 11 SPECIAL SCULPTURE 12 COURT YARD

4 3

(m)

AV A

1 TICKET 2 FOYER 3 CAFE 4 COURT YARD 5 DISPLAY ROOM 6 LOADING DOCK 7 STAFF OFFICE 8 ART STUDIO 10 ART CORRIDOR 11 SPECIAL SCULPTURE

FANNING ST

Ground Floor _ South

8 10 5

10 12

B 1

0 1

(m)

First Floor _ South

1 ART CORRIDOR 2 SPECIAL SCULPTURE 3 DISPLAY ROOM 4 PERMANENT EXHIBITION 5 DISPLAY ROOM 2

1 2

(m)

Second Floor _ South

1 PROMENADE 2 GIFT SHOP 3 PERMANT EXHIBITION 4 ART CORRIDOR 5 SPECIAL SCULPTURE

0 1 5 10

(m)

Basement _ North

1 STORAGE 2 TEMPORARY EXHIBITION 3 ART CORRIDOR 4 RESEARCH ROOM 5 EXHIBITION ROOM

5 3

1 4

(m)

Ground Floor _ North

1 FOYER 2 STAFF OFFICE 3 TICKET 4 LOADING DOCK 5 SPECIAL EXHIBITION 6 ART CORRIDOR 7 ART STUDIO 8 EXHIBITION ROOM

3 8

C 5

(m)

First Floor _ North

1 SPECIAL EXHIBITION 2 ART CORRIDOR 3 PERMANENT EXHIBITON 4 GIFT SHOP 5 CAFE 6 PROMENADE 1 4

6 5 3

(m)

Section A

(m)

Section B _ South

0 1

(m)

Section C _ North

(m) 0 1

Detail Sections

(m) 0

Perspective 1

Perspective 2

Perspective 3

Perspective 4

Perspective 5

Perspective 6

Perspective 7