既存建筑的再思考：重复、减少和循环使用的可持续性
RECONSIDERING THE EXISTING: SUSTAINABILITY AS REUSE, REDUCE AND RECYCLE 达维德·托马索·费兰多/Davide Tommaso Ferrando 孙德龙 译/Translated by SUN Delong 过去的数十年中，再生在建筑实践中逐渐受到重
心地重新设计以容纳高度多样化的新方案，并因此成功
业建筑的体量削减，再加上与人和自然的不同寻常的互
视，这要归因于人们日益增长的对年代较近的物质遗
转变为一个“城中城”。改造项目尊重既有肌理，保留
动，生成了一处出人意料的、带有不可思议的纪念性的
产的关注，即认识到 20 世纪城市扩张废弃了大量的闲
了其最具特色的品质——500m 长的城市立面，混凝土
城市景观 ：与公园周围在建的居住建筑完全不同。
置建筑（尤其是工业建筑）。近来的危机似乎加剧了这
柱梁的模块结构，内庭院的规则排列，但其创新性体现
自 1912 年开业以来，卡雷纳砖厂就处于不断的
一趋势，使得设计策略要考虑已有建筑的缩减、精简、
在顶部加建的两个显眼的标志性元素 ：一个供精英会面
变革之中，在坎比亚诺这个都灵东南的小自治市逐步
改造、整修等一系列经济因素。去年威尼斯双年展的
的玻璃“泡泡”，以及一个容纳画廊的钢铁“箱子”。自
形成了分层的工业建筑群系统。工厂曾专门用于制砖，
德国馆（减少使用，重复使用，循环使用 ：建筑作为
2003 年完工以来，尽管受到经济危机的影响，林格托
而如今，功能多元化的转型过程已持续 20 年（仍未完
资源 ）为传播这一观念做出了重要贡献，即从城市综 合体的再生到废物的循环利用，在不同尺度层面实现 了可持续性，其中展出的 16 个项目都是从现存建筑中 汲取灵感的。而上期西班牙杂志《a+t》（改造 ：修复， 再用，循环 ）也同样功不可没，它对全球 39 项目中采 用的 82 个改造策略做了深入而透彻的分析。 林格托汽车厂持续 12 年之久的功能多元化的转型 或许是都灵所有改造中最具象征性的，这些改造标志 着都灵正从单一工业城镇向后福特主义城市过渡。林 格托这个机械时代的纪念物在 1982 年关闭后，就被精
对于促进周边区域的变革还是起到了重要作用，因而，
成），其目的是在未利用的空间中置入混合文化和居住
新的林格托工厂将逐渐成为都灵复兴的中心之一。
的方案。尽管建成项目（一个办公楼、一个小博物馆
多拉公园是由占地 39hm2 的前工业区改造而来的，
和一个警卫室）在功能及复杂程度上差别很大，但它
位于都灵一个战略性的再开发区域——斯皮纳 3 号。组
们都从地方独特的精神中汲取灵感，这体现在对既存
成公园的 5 个区跨越多拉河两岸，并未完全受原有结构
建筑价值的认知、对取自熔炉（无论其是否破损、融
束缚，减法的处理方式既揭示了该区原有的工业痕迹，
化或是坚硬 ）的可回收材料及建筑本身的利用，还体
又赋予其新的用途。结果着实令人振奋 ：一个由连续步
现在业主切萨里奥 · 卡雷纳对贫穷艺术运动的文化倾
行路径组成的网络，部分处于地平面，部分抬高，引导
向。弗那斯工厂无空地可用 ：其更新过程是有机的，
游客穿越别致的混凝土和钢铁废墟，这些废墟部分被植
并以一种潜在的同时也是经济的循环方式对同一事物
物覆盖并巧妙地融入区域内的公共项目系统中。对前工
解构、替代和重组。□
In the last decades, re-processes have acquired a growing importance in architectural discourse, thanks to the rise of a new attention to the physical heritage of our recent past － an attention primarily impulsed by the recognition of the critical stock of unused structures (especially industrial ones) that XX Century urban growth has dramatically left behind. The recent crisis seems to have reinforced this tendency, adding a set of economic reasons to design strategies that focus on shrinkage, downsizing, conversion and refurbishment of existing buildings. More recently, important contributions to the diffusion of such approaches － that address sustainability at different scales, from the regeneration of urban complexes to the recycling of wasted materials － have been given by the German Pavilion at last year's Biennale di Venezia (Reduce Reuse Recycle: Architecture as Resource ), which exhibited 16 projects taking inspiration from existing structures, as well as by the last number of the Spanish magazine "a+t" (Reclaim: Remediate Reuse Recycle ), which offers a deep and thorough analysis of 82 re-strategies pursued in 39 projects all over the globe. The twelve years-long transformation of the Lingotto car factory into a multipurpose center is probably the most symbolic of all the interventions that are defining Torino's on-going transition from one-company town to post-fordist city. A monument of the age of the machine, after its closure in 1982 the Lingotto has been meticulously redesigned
to host a new and highly diversified program that has managed to convert the complex into a "city within the city". The reuse project intervenes respectfully on the existing fabric, by preserving its most characteristic traits － the 500 meters-long urban facade, the modular structure of concrete pillars and beams, the regular sequence of inner courtyards － but declares its novelty by adding two visible and iconic elements on top of it: a glass "bubble" for elite meetings and a steel "chest" hosting an art gallery. Since its completion in 2003, the new Lingotto has slowly become one of the neuralgic centers of Torino's regeneration, being its simple presence an important impulse for the transformation of its surrounding areas, although the economic crisis is now slowing down the process. Parco Dora is a new park obtained from the conversion into public soil of 39 hectares of a former industrial district, located in a strategic redevelopment area of Torino known as Spina 3. Spanning on both sides of the river Dora, the five zones that compose the park have been partially liberated from their original structures, in a subtraction process meant both to reveal and give a new use to the traces of the area's industrial past. The result is indeed fascinating: a continuous network of pedestrian paths, partially at ground level and partially elevated, leads the park users through picturesque sequences of concrete and steel ruins, partially covered by growing vegetation and subtly integrated in the system of collective programs now
hosted within them. The volumetric reduction of the former industrial complex, in its unusual encounter with people and nature, has managed to produce an unexpected, strangely monumental urban landscape: whose quality, unfortunately, is not comparable with that of the residential buildings that are now being constructed around the park. In a permanent state of transformation since its first opening in 1912, the Fornace Carena is a layered system of industrial buildings progressively erected in Cambiano, a small municipality in the south-east of Torino. Once exclusively dedicated to brick production, the complex is now undergoing a 20 years-long (and still unfinished) process of functional diversification, aimed at installing a mix of cultural and residential programs in its unused spaces. Although the already completed projects (an office, a little museum and a guardhouse) are quite different in function and complexity, they all draw inspiration from the unique Stimmung of the place, which they filter through the recognition of the value of the existing structures, the availability of recyclable materials coming out of the furnace (it doesn't matter if broken, melted or straight) as well as from the buildings themselves, and the cultural proximity of the owner Cesario Carena with the Arte Povera movement. There's no space for tabula rasa at the Fornace: its transformation goes on organically, in a suggesting － and, of course, economically convenient － cycle of decomposition, displacement and recomposition of the same matter. □
作者简介：达维德·托马索·费兰多，建筑研究者，评论家，都灵 理工大学建筑学博士，马德里理工大学建筑学院建筑学硕士， 网络杂志《Zeroundicipiù》主编及同名文化协会主席。 Davide Tommaso Ferrando is an architecture researcher and critic, Ph.D in Architecture and Building Design (Politecnico di
Torino) and Master in Advanced Architectural Design (Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid). He is editor-inchief of the web-magazine "Zeroundicipiù" and president of the namesake cultural association. 收稿日期：2013-04-08
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1 1 卡雷纳砖厂，回收材料/Fornace Carena, recycled materials
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林格托工厂改建，都灵，意大利
LINGOTTO FACTORY CONVERSION, TORINO, ITALY, 1983-2003 建筑设计：伦佐·皮亚诺建筑工作室 ARCHITECTS: Renzo Piano Building Workshop
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1 鸟瞰/Aerial view（摄影/Photo: Studio Merlo）
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3
2
庭院4/Courtyard4
2 工厂原状：鸟瞰显示出建筑的纪念性/The factory as it was: aerial view shows the length and nobility of the machine become monument 3 历史照片：车辆在测试车道转弯处高速行驶/Historical image: cars speeding round corners of test track
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4
庭院3/Courtyard3
4 改造前：从汽车坡道望向屋顶/Original building prior to renovation: view up vehicular ramp to roof (2－4 © Lingotto) 5 平面/Plan 6 剖面/Section
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位于都灵的林格托工厂曾经是菲亚特汽车主要的 生产场地，现在仍然是现代建筑最具代表性的工业建 筑之一。
复兴老工厂 ；与此同时，保持老工厂的建筑个性。 林格托工厂是伦佐 · 皮亚诺建筑工作室系统性关
结构中，围绕新结构的混凝土梁被一系列橡胶垫隔离。 礼堂中声学效果的变化通过调整其由木板组成的 活动顶棚元素来实现。
注城市空间主题的第一个项目。
工程师马特 · 特鲁科从 1915 年开始了对工厂的设
经过漫长的改建过程，这座工厂被划分为多种功
乔瓦尼与马雷拉 · 阿涅利美术馆，在竖向上延伸
计，他从北美工业建筑中获得灵感，并沿用了亨尼比
能 ：商业空间，住宅，酒店，以及处于优先地位的文
至 6 层空间，总面积将近 2 800m2。它从带有售票处
克曾在福特工厂的钢筋混凝土结构建造中使用的手法。
化功能。在外部的结构保持不变的同时，建筑内部经
的二层连廊开始。与之相邻的楼层包含了办公室和教
过了戏剧性地转变，以满足这些新的功能需求。
学中心。测试车道层和它下部的空间是为临时展览服
这座建筑位于尼斯米利方蒂区，坐落在尼斯路 （230 号－ 294 号）与都灵铁路的一条支路之间。 林格托工厂的体量达 100 万 m3，长 500m，高 5 层，
从 1991 年开始至 2003 年结束的改建过程被分为
务的，而最顶层用于永久性展陈。由于前 5 层空间都
3 个连续的阶段 ：每一个完成的区域都可以单独运营，
是从北塔楼内部分离出来的，第 6 层在材料和结构上
是基于重复柱、梁、楼板这 3 种构成元素的模数化钢
无须等待至整个项目结束。展览中心在 1992 年开幕，
则完全不同。
筋混凝土建筑的最早先例。
而后，会议中心和礼堂在 1994 年完成，酒店于 1995
“珠宝盒”是与“泡泡”位于同一层的一个 450m2
年完成，服务中心、办公空间以及一个完全用于商业
的钢结构，其中收纳了乔瓦尼与马雷拉 · 阿涅利美术
的空间在 2002 年完成，另一个酒店在 2003 年完成。
馆的永久性展陈。
工作车间由两个超过 500m 长的、用于制造汽车 的纵向元素构成，它们之间又通过 5 个容纳员工设施 的多层横向元素连接。1924 年－ 1926 年间，在纵向
1997 年，菲亚特集团管理总部搬回至办公楼。
元素的端头增加了两个螺旋坡道。
能够提供汽车工程学位的工艺学校的总部于 2002
地面层的汽车可以借此坡道直达建筑屋顶上的测
年成立，同年成立的还有美术馆。
这部分区域从上部获得光照 ：屋顶的外表面是透 明的，可以透过自然光线。为了使展出的作品不暴露 在直射光中，在屋顶的下面设置了一系列活动铝板以
试车道。测试车道包含两个超过 400m 长的直道和与
工地的开放时间维持了 16 年。
调整日光。一个由特殊合成材料制成的保护层从内部
其相连的两个行驶时速可达 90km/h 的抛物线弯道。
这个建筑综合体中包含 ：
完全覆盖屋顶。
林格托工厂在 1982 年关闭。1984 年，菲亚特公 司举办了一次概念竞赛，而后在 1985 年，委托伦佐 · 皮亚诺建筑工作室将这座建筑从一个工厂改造为一个 多功能中心。 这个项目有两个目标 ：通过转变为多功能中心来
“泡泡”：一个完全透明的会议室位于林格托工厂的 2
屋顶，测试车道上方。面积 150m ，直径 14m，高 8m。 2 000 座的乔瓦尼 · 阿涅利礼堂。优先考虑的问题 之一是保证彻底的隔声效果 ：工厂原有 4 个庭院，礼堂 被设置于其中一个庭院的下面，新的结构被整合进原有
在“珠宝盒”的上方，支起了由 4 层型钢和 1 600 片玻璃板构成的 1 000m2 的顶篷。顶篷由钢柱支撑， 悬浮在画廊上方大约 1m 处。 美术馆在 2002 年 9 月 20 日开幕，为林格托改造 工程画上了句号。□（李若星 译）
北坡道 North ramp
奇幻花园/Garden of wonders
庭院1/Courtyard1
5
6
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Torino's Lingotto building was once one of Fiat's major production facilities, and remains one of the modern architecture's most emblematic industrial structures. Its design began in 1915 by engineer Matté Trucco, who drew his inspiration from North American industrial architecture and employed the same methods Hennebique used for the construction of the reinforced concrete structures at the Ford factories. The building is located in the Nizza Millefonti district, nestled between Via Nizza (from number 230 to 294) and a branch of the Torino railway link. With a volume of one million cubic metres, a length of 500 metres and a height of 5 storeys, the Lingotto building was the first exemplar of modular reinforced concrete construction based on the repetition of three constituent elements: columns, beams and floors. The workshops were made up of two long longitudinal elements of over five hundred metres in length, used for manufacturing the automobiles, 7
which were joined by five multi-level traverse elements dedicated to the facilities for the personnel. Between 1924 and 1926, two spiral ramps were added at the ends of the long elements. This provided the automobiles on the ground floor with direct access to the test track, which was located on the building's roof. The track was comprised of two straight tracts of over four hundred metres in length, which were connected by two parabolic curves that could be travelled at 90 km/h. The factory was closed in 1982. In 1984, Fiat S.p.A. announced an idea competition and, in 1985, commissioned the Renzo Piano Building Workshop to convert the building from a factory into a multipurpose centre. The project had two objectives: to revive the factory by transforming it into a multipurpose centre and to maintain its architectural identity. The Lingotto building was the first project in which RPBW systematically addressed the theme of urban space. Through a lengthy restructuring process,
8 7 林格托工厂改造后外景，望向“泡泡”/View of the Lingotto Factory after the rehabilitation, looking the “Bubble”（摄影/Photo: Gianni Berengo Gardin） 8“泡泡”，剖面 /Section,“Bubble”
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9 9“泡泡”，内景 /Interior view,“Bubble”（摄影 /Photo: Michel Denancé）
都灵·可持续策略/TORINO. SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES
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10
11
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12
the factory was divided into various functions:
include:
While the first five levels have been derived from
commercial spaces, dwellings and hotels, with
The "Bubble": a completely transparent meeting
the interior of the north tower, the sixth level is
precedence being given to cultural use. While the
room on the Lingotto building's roof, above the test
a foreign element in terms of both materials and
structure's external aspect remained unaltered, its
track. It offers an area of 150 square metres, a
structure.
interior was drastically modified in order to meet
diameter of 14 metres and a height of 8 metres.
these new requirements.
The "jewellery box" that houses the permanent
The Gianni Agnelli Auditorium, seating up to
collection of the Giovanni and Marella Agnelli
The conversion process was carried out in
2 000 people. One of the priorities was to ensure
Pi c t u r e G a l l e r y i s a 450 s q u a r e m e t r e s t e e l
three consecutive phases, from 1991 to 2003: each
complete sound insulation: located beneath one
structure, located on the same level as the Bubble.
completed area was rendered operational without
of the factory's four courtyards, the new structure
The area receives lighting from above: the
awaiting the finalization of the entire project. In
has been integrated into the existing structure
outer surface of the roof is transparent and let in
this manner, the exhibition centre was inaugurated
and encased by concrete beams, each of which is
the natural light. Beneath it, a system of mobile
in 1992, followed by a conference centre and an
isolated by a series of rubber cushions.
aluminium slats is used to adjust the lighting in
auditorium in 1994, a hotel in 1995, a service
The structure's acoustic variability is achieved
order to ensure that the works are not exposed
centre, several offices and an area devoted entirely
thanks to its mobile ceiling elements, which are
to direct sunlight. A protective layer made from
to commercial spaces in 2002, and another hotel in
comprised of wood panels.
a special synthetic material completes the roof
2003. In 1997, Fiat group's management headquarters returned to the office block.
The Giovanni and Marella Agnelli Picture
internally.
Gallery, extending vertically over six floors and
Above the treasure chest, protruding on all four
occupying a total area of approximately 2,800
sides, is a 1 000 square metre canopy made up of
The headquarters of the Polytechnic, which
square metres. The structure begins with the first
four layers of profiled steel and 1 600 glass plates.
offered a degree in automotive engineering, was
floor arcades, where the ticket counter is located.
The canopy is secured by steel posts, which keep it
inaugurated in 2002, as was the Picture Gallery.
The subsequent floors house the offices and teaching
suspended about a metre above the gallery.
The worksite remained open for a total of 16 years. Some of the complex's architectural elements
centre. The test track level and that just below it
The Picture Gallery was inaugurated on 20
contain a space for temporary exhibitions, while the
September 2002, thus concluding the Lingotto
uppermost level houses the permanent collection.
building's transformation process. □
10 庭院/View from the courtyard（摄影/Photo: Gianni Berengo Gardin） 11 音乐/会议厅，剖面/Section, concert-congress hall 12 音乐/会议厅，内景/Interior view, concert-congress hall （摄影/Photo: Gianni Berengo Gardin）
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13
14
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15
16 13 乔瓦尼与马雷拉·阿涅利美术馆，夜景/Night view, Giovanni and Marella Agnelli Art Gallery 14 阿涅利美术馆夜景，下面是商业部分开放空间上的新的玻璃屋顶/ Night view of the Agnelli art Gallery Looking down on new glass roof over shopping court with opening central portion （13、14摄影/Photo: Enrico Cano） 15 乔瓦尼与马雷拉·阿涅利美术馆，草图/Sketches, Giovanni and Marella Agnelli Art Gallery 16 乔瓦尼与马雷拉·阿涅利美术馆，内景/Interior view, Giovanni and Marella Agnelli Art Gallery（摄影/Photo: Michel Denancé）
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18
19
17
林格托工厂改造 / Lingotto Factory Conversion,
M.Rossato Piano, A.Sacchi, P.Sanso, A.Stadlmayer,
剧场设备 /Theater Equipment: Techplan
1983-2003 竞赛 /Competition: 1983
A.H.Temenides, K.Van Casteren, N.Van Oosten,
照明 /Lighting: P.Castiglioni
H.Yamaguchi
平面设计 /Graphic Design: P.L.Cerri, ECO S.p.A.
业主 /Client: Fiat S.p.A.
CAD 绘图 /CAD Operators: S. Arecco, F. Bartolomeo,
室内 / 酒店 /Interiors/Hotel: F.Santolini, F.Mirenzi
建筑师 /Architects: Renzo Piano Building Workshop
M. Busk-Petersen, N. Camerada, M. Carletti, I.
室内 / 购物中心 /Interiors/Shopping Center: CIA
设计团队/Design Team: S.Ishida (合作/Associate), C.Di
Cuppone, R. Croce Bermondi, B.Lenz, L.Micucci, M.
现场管理 /Site Supervision: Studio Vitone & Associati,
Bartolo, O.Di Blasi, M.Carroll, F.Doria, G.Fascioli,
Nouvion, P. Pedrini, M. Piano; I. Corte, D. Guerrisi, G.
F.Levi/G.Mottino, Studio Rousset
E.Frigerio, R.Gaggero, D.Hart, P.Terbuchte,
Langasco, L. Siracusa
R.V.Truffelli
模型 /Models: D.Cavagna, O.Aubert, C.Colson,
乔瓦尼与马雷拉·阿涅利美术馆 / The Giovanni and
设 计 深 化 和 施 工 阶 段 /Design Development and
P.Furnemont, Y.Kyrkos
Construction Phase: 1991-2003
顾问 /Consultants:
Marella Agnelli Art Gallery, 2000-2002 业主 /Client: Lingotto S.p.A. + Palazzo Grassi
业主 /Clients: Lingotto S.p.A. + Pathé + Palazzo Grassi
结构与服务 /Structure and Services: Ove Arup &
建筑师 /Architects: Renzo Piano Building Workshop
设计团队 /Design Team:
Partners, AI Engineering, Fiat Engineering
设计团队 /Design Team: M.van der Staay ( 负责合
合 伙 人 及 负 责 建 筑 师 /Partners, Partners and
服务 / 影院 /Services/Movie Theater: Manens Intertecnica
作者 /associate in charge) with A.Belvedere, K.
Architects In Charge: M.Carroll, M.Cucinella,
服务 / 牙医学校 /Services/Dental School:
van Casteren, D.Dorell, F.Florena, B.Plattner ( 合
S.Ishida, B.Plattner, M.Salerno, S.Scarabicchi,
Prodim+Teksystem
伙人 /partner) and A.Alborghetti, M.Parravicini,
R.V.Truffelli, M.van der Staay, M.Varratta, P.Vincent
声学 /Acoustics: Arup Acoustics, Müller BBM, Peutz
A.H.Temenides; C.Colson, Y.Kyrkos, O.Aubert ( 模型 /
A.Belvedere, M.Cattaneo, D.Piano, M.Pimmel
& Associés
models)
with P.Ackermann, A.Alborghetti, E.Baglietto ( 合
防火 /Fire Prevention: PI Greco Engineering
顾问 /Consultants:
伙人 /partner), L.Berellini, A.Calafati, A.Carisetto,
造价控制 /Cost Control: Davis Langdon Everest, Fiat
屋顶结构 /Roof Structure: RFR
G . C o h e n , F. C o l l e , P. C o s t a , S . D e L e o , A . D e
Engineering, GEC Ingénierie
主要结构及服务 /Primary Structure and Services:
L u c a , D . D o r e l l , S . D u r r, F. F l o r e n a , K . F r a s e r,
立面工程 / 汽车工程学校 /Facade Engineering/Car
Fiat Engineering
A.Giovannoni, C.Hays, G.Hernandez, C.Herrin,
Engineering School: Emmer Pfenninger Partner
防火 /Fire Prevention: PI Greco Engineering
W.Kestel, P.Maggiora, D.Magnano, M.Mariani,
屋顶结构 / 艺术画廊 /Roof Structure/Art Gallery:
照明 /Lighting: P.Castiglioni
K.A.Naderi, T.Nguyên, T.O' Sullivan, M.Parravicini,
RFR
顾问建筑师 /Consulting Architect: Studio Inarco
17 高技酒店，内景/Interior view, The High Tech Hotel（摄影/ Photo: Enrico Cano） 18 酒店，夜景/Night view, Hotel
19 林格托酒店，内景/Interior view, Lingotto Hotel （18、19摄影/Photo: Giorgio Cravero） 20 都灵工艺学校内景/Interior view, Politecnico di Torino（摄影/Photo: Michel Denancé）
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世界建筑 2013/05
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都灵·可持续策略/TORINO. SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES
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多拉公园，都灵，意大利
PARCO DORA, TORINO, ITALY, 2004-2013 建筑设计：拉兹+合伙人景观建筑及城市规划事务所 LEADING ARCHITECTS: Latz + Partner Landscape Architects Urban Planners
48
世界建筑 2013/05
1 维塔利/Vitali （摄影/Photo: Ornella Orlandini）
都灵·可持续策略/TORINO. SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES
49
莫尔塔拉地块
维塔利地块 因吉斯特地块 华道角地块
米其林地块
2
3
4
5
2 总平面/Master plan 3－5 改造前/Before renovation（3、4摄影/Photo: Latz + Partner， 5 摄影/Photo: Città di Torino）
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世界建筑 2013/05
景观重塑自身
作为公园与道路之间的屏障。一列壮观的钢柱支撑着
到的标志性景观，并且内部形成了一个神秘的新世界。
19 世纪末都灵工业化开始，许多工厂沿着多拉河
从伯格若路引向位于公园中心的维塔利的抬升步行
低层的“蓝厅”光线柔和，光带沿着步行路，描画出
道。
以前大厅的外轮廓线。
被建造起来。20 世纪初，随着菲亚特钢铁制造和铁皮 加工厂以及米其林轮胎厂的建设，工业化抵达鼎盛时
从高处可以看到神圣的工业建筑——7 栋高塔、
期。1980 年代，这些工厂随着工业大萧条而关闭。这
被改建为新圣托瓦尔托教堂钟楼的烟囱以及维塔利的
使城市中心弃置了大面积破败不堪的城市用地，以及
高耸钢柱——之间和谐的相互作用。
许多零星废弃的土地。
米其林 前米其林轮胎厂的地段被改造成了一片广阔的草 地公园，因其景观和地貌而特征鲜明。一片新建的潮
维塔利和莫尔塔拉路
汐池打开了多拉河的边界 ；开挖料用于制作朝向道路
1998 年，一个城市更新项目启动了，用以重塑这
位于前维塔利钢厂大厅的巨型结构形成了令人着
和建筑的庇荫的大地雕塑。沿河通道可以连接水面和
些后工业时代大萧条遗留的地区，并且赋予它们全新
迷的、充满生气的公园中心。建筑的外表皮和大部分
跨池钢桥，以及通往对岸维塔利的人行桥。一列列不
的功能。由于多拉公园包括了一些积极的工业遗产景
屋顶被拆卸后，30m 高的红色钢柱群现在看起来像一
同树种的树木被种植在大地雕塑的浅坡上提供着树荫。
观，它象征着对于反映城市变迁的内部城市景观的全
片“未来的丛林”。茂密的草木和公共生活已经接管了
一条“高路”到达顶点，人们可以从那里望向因吉斯
新解读。
这片人造环境，巨大的混凝土高塔和基础正在变成绝
特和维塔利，以及东边的苏佩加尔朝圣教堂和西边的
妙的游乐场。
阿尔卑斯山。从远处可以看到公园西南侧的冷却塔，
公园包括 5 个独立区域，其中 3 个以曾经位于此 处的工业公司命名。多拉河、主要的交通干线和新住 宅区处于主导地位，但是，其真实的、独一无二的特 点则源于工业化过往的残迹。
仍保留屋顶的大厅部分已经变为提供遮蔽的多功 能活动区。
它将被改造成可进入的声光雕塑。 华道角
在北面，柱网一直伸向种植着开花树木的大片草
在华道角，菲亚特钢厂延伸至整个区域，同时
公园 5 个分区之间的联系及它与周边地区的连接
地。公园内部的空间由新的公路隧道围绕。沿途设有
跨越了河流。地块内仅剩下覆盖了这部分公园的 3/4
是新公园可持续理念的重要元素。该理念的目标是混
廊架和大树的宽敞步道连接着临近的居住区。它不仅
的混凝土路面，坚固的混凝土石板将从多拉河上被清
合各部分的独立特点，并加入新元素强化其特点，创
提供了令人愉悦的环境，同时提供了望向这片由废弃
除，但是河流仍保留其混凝土河床。水面从黑暗处上
造出统一的公园体验。
工业用地改造而成的景观的独特视角。
升到可见处，流过钻孔的墙体，就如同穿过荒芜的峡
从西侧穿过公园钢铁心脏的人行天桥，横贯毗连
谷。开放的水道两侧是有围墙的步道。在河两岸用开
因吉斯特是公园中区域最狭长、设计理念注入最
的草地，伸向新的“城市阳台”。一片沿着隧道墙的种
挖料修建的平台上种植的几百棵树，让人回想起从
多的一处。最高处精心设计的广场和步道连接着毗邻
植树木的大斜坡连接着公园的两个高差，左右两边均
前建筑物的格网。树荫为不同的活动提供了荫庇的场
的建成区域，并且形成了西侧公园的入口。坡道和台
有令人印象深刻的维塔利冷却塔。
所，宁静的布置为自由的水道创造了完美的背景。在
因吉斯特
阶沿着 6m 的高墙伸向南侧区域，它为多种不同的活 动和沉思冥想提供了空间。 令人印象深刻的先前层压机的底座结构被转化为 水景花园，建筑毁坏的内部也被转化为“封闭的花园”，
塔和泥浆坑现在都用于容纳干净的水。它们是雨 水处理系统的一部分，从屋顶和开放的水沟、水渠表
旧建筑的底部结构上建造的步道连接了华道角的南北 两侧。 华道角的南部于 2011 年完成，并与京都议定书
面收集雨水，并在水塘和蓄水池中存储。 夜间照明使这些工业纪念碑变为周边地区都可看
6
一致，实现碳中和（“零影响”）。□（王寒妮 译）
7
6.7 米其林，效果图/Perspectives, Michelin
都灵·可持续策略/TORINO. SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES
51
A landscape reinvents itself The industrialization of Turin began at the end of the 19th century along the banks of the River Dora. It reached its zenith in the early 20th century with the construction of the Fiat Ferriere Piemontesi steel and sheet metal works and the Michelin tyre factory. The factories shut down in the general decline of the industry during the 1980s. They left a large area of urban dereliction in the city center, in addition to many small pockets of disused land. An urban renewal programme was launched in 1998 to regenerate these areas of post-industrial dereliction and to give them a new use. Due to the positive inclusion of its industrial heritage the Parco 8
Dora signifies a new understanding of inner urban landscapes that reflects the transition of society. The park comprises five separate areas , three of which are named after the industrial companies that used to occupy the site. It is dominated by the River Dora, main traffic arteries and new residential areas, although its true and unique character is derived from the remnants of its industrial past. The connection between the park's five areas and the links into the surrounding neighborhoods were an essential element in the sustainable concept for the new park. The aim was to incorporate the individual character of each area, to strengthen and enhance them with new elements and create a unified park experience.
9
Ingest Ingest is the narrowest area of the park with the most design input. At the uppermost level carefully designed squares and promenades link into the adjacent built-up areas and form the entrance points in the west of the park. Ramps and steps along six-meter high walls lead to the southern part, which offers space for many different activities as well as contemplation. The impressive substructure of the former laminating works was transformed into water gardens and the gutted building into a "hortus conclusus", which screens the park from the road. A line of imposing steel columns supports the elevated walkway that leads across Via Borgaro to Vitali in the center of the park. The elevated viewpoint reveals the harmonious interplay of sacred and industrial architecture － the seven towers, the industrial chimney that was
10
transformed into the campanile at the new Santo Volto church and the tall steel columns at Vitali. Vitali and Corso Mortara The huge structure of the hall at the former
8 因吉斯特，水景花园/Water garden, Ingest（摄影/Photo: Latz + Partner） 9 因吉斯特，旧建筑内部的花园/Garden in old buildings, Ingest（摄
11
52
影/Photo: Ornella Orlandini） 10 因吉斯特，平面/Plan, Ingest 11 因吉斯特，剖面/Section, Ingest 12 因吉斯特，钢柱支撑的抬升步道及远处的高塔/Elevated walkway supported by steel columns, and view to the towers, Ingest（摄影/ Photo: Andrea Serra）
世界建筑 2013/05
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都灵·可持续策略/TORINO. SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES
53
13
14
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15
13－16 维塔利/Vitali（13摄影/Photo: Andrea Serra，14摄影/Photo: Fabrizio Zanelli 2011－Torino，15、16摄影/Photo: Ornella Orlandini） 16
都灵·可持续策略/TORINO. SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES
55
17
Vitali steel mill forms the fascinating and vibrant
with pergolas and tree canopies links across it to the
surfaces in open rills and channels, and stores it in
center of the park. After the outer skin and large
adjacent residential area. Not only does it provide
pools and cisterns.
sections of the roof had been dismantled, the
a pleasant environment but also offers exceptional
Night-time illuminations turn the industrial
30-metre high red steel columns now look like a
views of the landscape that has developed since the
monuments into widely visible landmarks and create
"futuristic jungle". Lush vegetation and public life
demise of the industries.
a mysterious new world on the inside. The lower
have taken over this artificial environment, the vast
The Passerella crosses the steel heart of
level of the "blue hall" is softly lit, light bands follow
concrete towers and foundations are being turned
the park from the west, traverses the adjoining
the walkway and trace the outline of the former hall.
into fantastic playgrounds.
meadows and leads to the new "city balcony". A wide ramp with tree planting along the tunnel
Michelin The site of the former Michelin plant is
wall connects the two levels of the park which are
developed into a spacious meadow park that is
flanked by the impressive Vitali cooling towers.
characterized by its landscape and topography. A
The section of the hall that still has a roof has become a sheltered multi-functional event space. In the north, the grid of the columns extends towards a large meadow with the trunks of flowering
The towers and the slurry basins now hold clean
newly constructed tidal pool opens up the edge of the
trees. The space within the park is contained by the
water. They are part of the stormwater management
Dora; the excavation material is used in a sheltering
wall of the new road tunnel. A broad promenade
system that collects rainwater from roofs and
earth sculpture towards the road and the buildings. A
18
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世界建筑 2013/05
19
path along the river allows access to the water, steel
A concrete slab covering three-quarters of this
Walkways erected on the old substructure connect
bridges cross the pool and link up with a footbridge
section of the park is all that remained. The solid
the north of Valdocco with the south.
to Vitali on the opposite bank. Rows of different tree
slab will be removed above the Dora, but the
The southern section of Valdocco was completed
species are planted on the shallow slopes of the earth
river kept in its concrete bed. Water rises out of
in 2011 and, in line with the Kyoto Protocol,
sculpture where they provide shadow. A "high route"
darkness into the light of day and flows through
implemented carbon neutrally ("impatto zero"). □
follows the crest and offers views of Ingest and Vitali,
the pierced wall, like through a wild gorge. The
as well as impressive vistas to the Superga pilgrimage
opened up water course is flanked by walled-in
业 主 /Client: 都 灵 市 城 市 重 建 部 /City of Turin,
church in the east and the Alps in the west. The
promenades. On the terraces, which have been
Division of Urban Restructuring
widely visible landmark of the cooling towers in the
constructed with excavation material on both sides
领 衔 设 计 / 景 观 建 筑 /Lead Design/Landscape
south-west of the park will become a walk-in light
of the river, hundreds of trees are reminiscent of
Architecture: Latz+Partner Landscape Architects
and sound sculpture.
the grid of the former buildings. Their canopies
Urban Planners
Valdocco In Valdocco, the Fiat steel works extended
provide shady spaces for diverse activities, and the
项目管理 / 水文地理 /Project Management/ Hydrology:
tranquil setting creates the perfect backdrop for
STS Servizi Tecnologie Sistemi S.p.A.
over the entire site as well as across the river.
the "technical ravine" of the freed water course.
建筑 /Architecture: Studio Pession 工程 /Engineering: Studio Cappato 照明设计 /Light Design: Pfarré Lighting Design 农艺 /Agronomy: Dario Grua 艺术 /Art: Ugo Marano 委托时间 /Commission: 2004 开放时间 /Opening: 2011.05（第一阶段 /First parts） 竣工时间 /Completion: 2013 总面积 /Total Area: 39hm2
17 华道角/Valdocco（摄影/Photo: Andrea Serra） 18 华道角，效果图/Perspectives, Valdocco 19 华道角/Valdocco（摄影/Photo: Andrea Serra） 20.21 改造前/ Before renovation（20 摄影/Photo: Latz + Partner, 21 摄影/Photo: Città di Torino） 20
都灵·可持续策略/TORINO. SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES
21
57
卡雷纳砖厂整建，坎比亚诺，都灵，意大利
FORNACE CARENA RENOVATION, CAMBIANO, TORINO, ITALY, 2001建筑设计：ELASTICO事务所， MOTOElastico事务所，切萨里奥·卡雷纳 ARCHITECTS: ELASTICO, MOTOElastico, Cesario Carena 卡雷纳砖厂是个拥有 101 年历史的砖厂，位于一
来，新功能和活动也逐步入驻，其中包括 ：实验艺术，
个距都灵 10km 的小镇——坎比亚诺。在其历史中，
建筑和设计工作室，电影装置，会议与展览，剧院演出，
砖的制造不断进步，从 20 世纪初的第一座棚屋转移
以及导览活动，共同组成了 MUNLAB 的内容 ；粘土生
到容纳先进机器和烧窑的新建筑之中。持续的革新促
态博物馆则是一个致力于保护历史并设计坎比亚诺粘
使工厂 4 度扩建，并导致技术向新建筑物中迁移。每
土文化中心未来的永久机构。
次迁移都会留下不同种类的建筑 ：一些已被用作仓储，
卡雷纳砖厂历经 101 年的历史后仍十分活跃，还
一些则被废弃。同时，在附近的采石场，开采区的不
利用附近采石场的粘土生产模制品。自 2004 年起，新
断转移也形成了大片萧条区，这些区域对于粘土挖掘
总体规划中基本没有增加新的功能，以更好地满足新
已毫无用处。
的生产和管理要求。
1980 年代末，文化组织“弗那斯永久空间”开始 从自然和文化两方面着手整个建筑组群的改建工作。 在过去的 20 年中，修复的工业空间逐渐被利用起
58
另一边是不动产。 工厂部分包含所有现有生产设施、管理部分及仍 在开挖的采石场。 不动产是各种再生功能的组合，如生态博物馆、 画廊、Loft、工作室、工作坊及一个自然绿洲。 整个改造仍在进行 ：一些项目已经完成 ；另一些 仍在实施 ；还有一些在开发中 ；少部分还有待构思。 卡雷纳办公楼 新的办公楼被设置在一个曾被用来储存未进入生
总体规划
产周期的粘土的旧仓筒内。项目维持了原来填充空间
2004 年，弗那斯董事会决定重新设计整个建筑组
的粘土堆的形体，并在其上加入新功能。商务间和办
群的功能布局。原有资产被分为两个部分：一边是厂区；
公空间藏在土堆空间下。斜坡到达顶层处，是由原有
世界建筑 2013/05
拱形屋顶覆盖的一个会议室和一个公寓。拱顶上的圆
理的大型砌块。
目仍在进行 ：这是一个开放的过程，不断地适应并激 发 MUNLAB 的新的需求。
集雨水（这是为了纪念绰号为“鳄鱼”的米歇尔大叔，
MUNLAB MUNLAB 在卡雷纳砖厂最古老的也是废弃最久的
他在运营工厂数年之后移居非洲）。二层是工作空间，
设施中。改建工程始于 1980 年代末，旧霍夫曼烧窑被
为了制砖必须开挖大量的土壤，而在 101 年的运
客户可以通过一个由再生粘土铺成的坡道到达二层。
切萨里奥 · 卡雷纳改造成一个展览画廊。改建策略主要
营中，工厂高强度地开采了附近的采石场。一旦挖到
一个高高的圆筒体里面是专用卫生间。
洞形成了露台和天光，而一个长长的粘土鳄鱼可以收
绿洲
包括 3 部分 ：1）老建筑的改建，包括去除所有不必要
了不能用于生产的土层，就会换个地方再挖，留下了
卡雷纳警卫室
的加建并修复墙体受损部分 ；2）植入容纳新功能的新
大片荒废的区域。其中一些区域被雨水填满，变成了
这一项目紧邻新办公楼，它利用原烧窑的旧外壳
建部分，这些新的当代加建与现有建筑明显分开 ；它
滋养当地多种动植物的自然湖泊。自然总是自发地恢
承载新功能 ：警卫住所，Loft 以及仓库 。原有屋顶的
们使用影响较小的现有产品作建材（比如弗那斯砌块），
复平衡，但这种脆弱的生态系统也需要深度保护。切
改造让自然光能照入建筑。植物和草地也被纳入室内，
并在可能的时候利用回收的从当地建筑物拆除的材料，
萨里奥 · 卡雷纳与一批农学家、植物学家、艺术家以
而广告塔和警卫控制室守望在外。外墙的修复利用了
比如，钢梁、窗框和玻璃 ；3）新的室内设计多用粗糙
及动物爱好者合作，确立了长期的整治策略。□（孙
其他建筑物的回收建材，而新建体量外覆盖着具有肌
建材，以与现有建筑的厚重形成有趣的对比。改造项
德龙 译）
1 卡雷纳办公楼外景/Exterior view, Carena Offices（摄影/Photo: Beppe Giardino）
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4 2 鸟瞰/Aerial view 3.4 老照片/Historical photos （2-4© Fornace Carena Archive） 5 轴测图/Axonometric drawings
1-老砖厂/Old brick factory(1907) 2-老工厂扩建/Old factory extension(1960) 3-现在的工厂/Current factory(1980-) 4-新工厂设施/New factory facilities
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5-新警卫室/New guard house 6-新办公室/New offices 7-粘土准备区/Clay preparation area 8-现在的粘土采集场/Current clay quarry 9-生态及活动公园（绿洲）/Eco and event park (the oasis) 10-池塘/Ponds 11-观鸟区/Birdwatching area 12-植物参观隧道/Vegetation visitors tunnel
13-圆环艺术装置/The circle art installation 14-通向博物馆的通道/Path to museum 15-MUNLAB生态博物馆/The MUNLAB ecomuseum 16-招待餐厅/Reception restaurant 17-接待设施/Hospitality facilities 18-顶楼公寓/Loft apartments 19-实验室-工作室-办公室/Labs-studios-offices
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6 6 卡雷纳办公楼外景/Exterior view, Carena Offices（摄影/Photo: Beppe Giardino）
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The Fornace Carena is a 101 year old brick factory located in Cambiano, a small town 10 kilometers away from Torino. During its history, the brick production of the factory evolved and moved from the first canopy of the beginning of the century, to new buildings designed to accommodate state of the art machineries and kilns. This continuous innovation caused four different building extensions and technology "migrations" into new constructions. Every "migrations" left behind different kinds of buildings: some of them have been used as storage, some of them have been abandoned. At the same time, in the nearby quarry, also the active extraction areas were shifting, leaving behind a large depressed area, not usable anymore for clay excavation purposes. A t t h e e n d o f t h e 1980' s , t h e c u l t u r a l 7
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association La Fornace Spazio Permanente started working on the renovation of the entire complex both from a naturalistic and a cultural point of view. I n t h e p a s t 20 y e a r s n e w f u n c t i o n s a n d activities started to occupy and reuse the restored industrial spaces: experimental art, architecture and design studios, movie sets, conventions and exhibitions, theater performances and guided tours supported the constitution of the MUNLAB, the Clay Ecomuseum, a permanent institution aimed to preserve the history and to design the future of Cambiano Clay Culture. The Carena Brick Factory, after 101 years of history, is still very active and produces molded products using the clay of the nearby quarry. Starting from 2004, as a consequence of the new master plan, few functions were relocated to better satisfy the new production and administration requirements.
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12 7－10 卡雷纳办公楼内景/Interior view, Carena Offices（摄影/Photo: Beppe Giardino） 11 卡雷纳办公楼，四层平面/Plan, level 3, Carena Offices 12 卡雷纳办公楼，三层平面/Plan, level 2, Carena Offices 13 卡雷纳办公楼，二层平面/Plan, level 1, Carena Offices 14 卡雷纳办公楼，剖面/Section, Carena Offices 1-工作设备/Workers facilities 2-回收砖坡道/Recycled bricks ramp 3-室外有顶休息区/Outdoor shaded rest area
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4-办公楼中庭/Office atrium 5-办公楼接待处/Office reception 6-秘书区/Secretaries area 7-经理办公室/Director office 8-卫生间/WC 9-厨房/Kitchen 10-会议区/Meeting area 11-通向顶层的楼梯/Stairs to top floors 12-档案室/Archives
13-总裁区/CEO area 14-总裁区/CEO area 15-主会议厅/Main meeting hall 16-屋顶平台/Roof terrace 17-阁楼公寓/Loft apartment 18-百年纪念活动厅/Centenary event hall 15 卡雷纳办公楼外景/Exterior view, Carena Offices（摄影/Photo: Beppe Giardino）
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16 MUNLAB内景/Intervior view, MUNLAB（摄影/Photo: Beppe Giardino） 17 2013年日内瓦车展上，宾尼法利纳的概念车Sergio在砖厂主展厅展出/The Pininfarina concept car Sergio, unveiled at the 2013 Geneva Motor Show on display in the main Fornace Gallery（© Pininfarina） 18 MUNLAB外景/Exterior view, MUNLAB（摄影/Photo: Paolo Mussat Sartor） 19 轴测图/Axonometric drawing 20.21 MUNLAB内景/Interior view, MUNLAB（摄影/Photo: Beppe Giardino）
博物馆办公室 Museum office
博物馆厨房 Museum kitchen
1－接待剧场/Reception theater 2－活动院落/Activity yard 3－中庭/Atrium 4－地学室/Geology room 5－装置/Installations 6－烧炉空间/Oven space 7－历史展室/History room 8－多媒体室/Multimedia room 9－主要活动厅/Main event hall 10－接待厅/Reception hall 11－接待花园/Reception Garden 12－粘土实验室/Clay labs 13－博物馆商店/Museum shop 14－设计办公室/Design offices 15－主要艺术家工作室/Main artist studio 16－博物馆办公室/Museum office 17－卫生间/WC 18－更衣室/Changing room 19－粘土炉/Clay oven 20－通向夹层/To mezzanine 21－博物馆厨房/Museum kitchen 博物馆地学室 Museum geology room
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Masterplan In 2004, the Fornace board of directors decided
the rainwater (in memory of uncle Michele, who
walls' portions. 2) The insertion of new volumes
run the factory for several years and then moved to
hosting new functions. These new contemporary
to redesign the functional layout of the entire
Africa: his nickname was Crocodile). The first floor
containers are visibly separated from the original
complex. The original property has been divided into
holds the worker facilities and a ramp covered with
structure; they use low impact current production
two parts: Factory on one side and the Immobiliare
recycled clay elements takes the clients to the first
materials (such as the Fornace blocks)and, when
(real estate) on the other.
floor. A tall cylinder contains a special WC.
possible, recycled materials coming from local
Carena Guardhouse This project is located next to the new office
demolitions such as steel beams, window frames
The Immobiliare is divided into a mix of
building and it uses the old drying kilns as an
rough construction materials to create a interesting
reinvigorating functions such as the Ecomuseum
ancient shell to host new organisms: the residence
contrast with the massive original structures. The
and Gallery Spaces, Lofts, Studios, Workshops and a
for the guards, a loft and a warehouse. The original
transformation project is currently ongoing: it is an
natural oasis.
roofs have been remodeled to allow natural lighting
open process continuously adapting to the new and stimulating requirements of the MUNLAB community.
The Factory includes all the current production facilities, the administration and the active quarry.
and glasses. 3) New interior design often build using
The whole transformation is now on the move:
into the building. Also plants and grass are welcome
some of the projects have been completed, others
inside while a signboard tower and the guardians'
are under construction and some are still under
booth peek outside. The outside walls have been
Oasis In order to make bricks you have to dig a large
development. Few are yet to be imagined.
restored using recycled materials from other
amount of soil and in 101 years of activity the
Carena Offices The new offices are located in an old silo used
construction, while the new volumes will be covered
Factory intensively exploited the nearby quarry.
with large size texturized blocks.
Once the excavation reached non-productive
to keep the clay before it entered the production
MUNLAB The MUNLAB is located in the oldest, and long
ground, it moved to the next field, leaving behind
cycle. The project keeps the volume of the pile of clay that used to fill the space and climbs on it
time dismissed, facilities of the Fornace Carena. The
filled with rainy water and they became natural
with new functions. The executive rooms and the
renovation process started at the end of the 80's with
lakes hosting different types of local plants and
office spaces lay or hide under the ghost trace of
the transformation of the old Hoffmann kiln into an
animals. Nature was spontaneously rebalancing,
the pile. The slope reaches the top floor where the
exhibition gallery by Cesario Carena. The renovation
but this delicate eco-system needed some further
original vaulted roof covers a meeting room and an
strategy can be divided into three main elements.
protection. Cesario Carena, together with a team
apartment. Circular holes in the vault form terraces
1) The renovation of the old structures, removing all
of agronomists, botanists, artists and animal lovers,
and skylights, while a long clay crocodile collects
the unnecessary additions and restoring the damaged
defined a long-term renovation strategy. □
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总体规划，坎比亚诺，都灵 /Masterplan, Cambiano, Torino, 2003项目负责 / Project: Cesario Carena+ 2003-2005: ELAS TICO(Simone Carena, Stefano Pujatti, Alberto Del Maschio) 2006-: MOTOElastico (Simone Carena, Marco Bruno)+ Giorgio Chiosso 卡雷纳办公楼，坎比亚诺，都灵 /Carena Offices, Cambiano, Torino, 2001-2005 项目负责 /Project: ELASTICO（Simone Carena, Stefano Pujatti, Alberto Del Maschio）+ Cesario Carena 设计团队 /Design Team: Manuela Luis y Garcia, Luca Macri', Davide Musmeci, Ester Musso, Giovanni Tironi, Ivan Martini, Alex Morassut, Roberto Boella 卡雷纳警卫室，坎比亚诺，都灵 /Carena Guardhouse, Cambiano, Torino, 2006项目负责 /Project: MOTOElastico（Simone Carena, Marco Bruno）+ Cesario Carena + LSB + Giorgio Chiosso + Marco Giubilato/Claudia Costanzovi 设计团队 /Design Team: Heejung Moon MUNLAB，坎比亚诺，都灵 /MUNLAB, Cambiano, Torino, 2006项目负责 /Project: Cesario Carena + MOTOElastico (Simone Carena, Marco Bruno) 策略规划 /Strategic Planning: Munlab Board of Directors 设计及施工团队 /Design and Construction Team: Francesco Audenino, Romano Bravo, Agostino Rigoni 22 卡雷纳警卫室外景/Exterior view, Carena Guardhouse 23 卡雷纳警卫室内景/Interior view, Carena Guardhouse （22、23 摄影/Photo: Beppe Giardino） 24 卡雷纳警卫室平面/Plans, Carena Guardhouse 25.26 采石场，绿洲/Quarry, Oasis（摄影/Photo: Sisto Giriodi）
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