Maker's Micro City by Ed Stangoe

Maker’s Micro City Edward Stangoe Masters of Architecture Project report LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF ART AND DESIGN

ED STANGOE I pride myself as diligent, resourceful, reliable team-player and I have developed a passion for expanding his expertise in the pursuit of becoming a registered architect. I used to work full time for Roberts Limbrick Architects, where I enjoyed my role as an assistant for the residential team. I focused on learning as much as I can from my colleagues and the projects we have been working on. Over the past couple of years, I have travelled to cities such as Rome, Paris, Venice and Florence specifically to explore the architecture. I am very passionate about rugby, having played at Longlevens RFC since I was six years old, which accumulated to winning the county cup twice and earning myself player of the year in 2013. I also support Gloucester Rugby and regularly go to watch matches with colleagues and friends. I am also interested in Formula 1, running, climbing, sketching people, travelling and socialising.

EDWARD STANGOE

Maker’s Micro City

Contents 01 Brief

02 Context

03 Concept

04 Programme

05 Resolution

06 Exterior Approach

07 Interior Layout

08 Sectional Study

09 Internal Areas

10 Environmental Systems

11 Construction Detail

12 Fire Strategy

13 Cost Appraisal

Web Browser VR Model: https://api2.enscape3d.com/v1/view/5ed657c5-1251-4f5d-a29a-485148dde3b5 Maker’s Micro City

EDWARD STANGOE

Maker’s Micro City

01 Brief The preceding urban design project proposed the redevelopment of disused areas of the Calton district in Glasgow. Part of this redevelopment was to introduce a subterranean art gallery along a disused rail route cutting through the site. It was proposed that a collection of art maker’s studios would be situated at the entrance to subterranean art gallery. The studios will comprise of at least 12 studio spaces accommodating metal, glass-blowing, ceramics, stone carving, woodwork, fine art, street art, printing, textiles, jewellery, FAB lab and photography.

Maker’s Micro City

EDWARD STANGOE

02 Context The chosen site for this thesis project lies less than one kilometre east of Glasgow city centre and encompass a square plot of land bound by Armour Street, Sydney Street, Gallowgate and Barrack Street. A Victorian rail cutting passes through the south western corner of the site, dividing the orthogonal block into segments with its disruptive angle. An attempt to bring order to the surface landscape takes the form of two garage buildings and a small triangular piece of land dedicated to hand washing cars. The remainder of the site is open lawn

EDWARD STANGOE

Maker’s Micro City

EDWARD STANGOE

GRID

IRREGULAR

EDWARD STANGOE

Maker’s Micro City

SCULPTURE PARK

STUDIO

INTERACTION SPACE GALLERY

STUDIO

CAFE

03 Concept This contrast of geometry is what defines the site and is to be reflected within the thesis building design. This can be done by applying a grid layout to the building interior, with rules, commonality and consistency that creates order. The cutting slices through this framework in form, scale, light quality, structure, materiality, use of colour and texture. It is the space between the studios that provokes interaction, critique and discussion which in turn inspires innovation and collaboration. The studios are designed to breakout into a central open space that provides visual and spatial connections with other studios. Circulation routes pass through breakout landings that provoke interaction between the artists at work with artists on commute. Windows between workspaces create visual interaction connecting artists of different craft.

Maker’s Micro City

EDWARD STANGOE

n Excavation n Demolition

n Industrial Workshops n Workshop / Studios n Artist Studios n Gallery n Shop n Cafe

n Grid Mass n Irregular Mass

n n n n n

Workshop Massing Internal “Streets” Gallery Entrance Lobby Breakout Core

04 Programme The workshops are logically arranged throughout the building by classing them into or between two categories: ‘industrial workshops’ and ‘studios’. It was determined that crafts dealing with metal, glass, stone, ceramic and timber would have more active, noisier, riskier and heavier spaces than crafts dealing with paint, ink, paper, textiles, jewellery, plastics and photography. As a result, the workshops with a more industrial nature are situated at the base of the building, and quieter studios are situated on the upper floors. The workshop massing is broken down further to accommodate double height workspace, single height workspace and breakout workspace. The floor levels are paired up due to the relationship between double height space and single height space. Double height space is imperative to the creation of large sculptures.

EDWARD STANGOE

Maker’s Micro City

Level 2

n n n n n

Double Height Workshop Single Height Workshop Breakout Space Circulation Eatery

Level 0

n n n n n n

Double Height Workshop Single Height Workshop Depot Breakout Space Circulation Shop

Level -2

n n n n n n

Double Height Workshop Single Height Workshop Depot Breakout Core Reception Circulation

Maker’s Micro City

EDWARD STANGOE

Maker’s Micro City

05 Resolution The building conforms to an internal grid framework that aligns to the urban grid system. The contrast between the two sides of the building are visible in this axonometric. On the north side are the workshops that feature the grid throughout it’s structure and layout, and on the south the irregular gallery space which has been wrapped in a translucent facade. This axonometric also highlights the change in level between the surface world and subterranean rail cutting.

Maker’s Micro City

EDWARD STANGOE

Maker’s Micro City

Proposed: 01. Sculpture Park 02. Parking Bays 03. Depot Entrance 04. Gallowgate Bus Stop 05. Art Trail Pedestrian Route 06. Subterranean Art Gallery 07. Festival Square 08. Arts Campus 09. Library 10. Train Station Park 11. Mixed-Use Residential

10 08

07 02

Existing 12. Gallowgate 13. Barrack Street 14. Armour Street 15. Sydney Street 16. Hielan Jessie Public House 17. Residential Apartments (POI)

17 16

hpo i rt n o t n

06 Exterior Approach Gallery visitors would primarily approach the building from the west via the pedestrian rote provided by the Art Trail urban design project. This route passes through an urban square that gradually sloped down to the subterranean level, where a tunnel entrance passes into the gallery atrium. The translucent gallery facade obscures the view of the sculptural display inside, creating a sense of mystery that invites pedestrians to venture into the tunnel. The atrium would be light and vast in contrast to all concept of a rail tunnel. The two contrasting areas of the building oppose each other in elevation design. On one side, all aspects of the grid framework are on display. The workshop masses are composed of cross laminated modules fitted within the exposed structural framework. The framework allows panels of artwork to be affixed to the facade which showcase the materiality of the workshops inside the building. In other words, the materials on the gridded elevations are a true reflection of the structure, finish treatments and functions within the building. Maker’s Micro City

EDWARD STANGOE

01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. 11.

Glass-blowing Workshop Metal Workshop Ceramic Workshop Stone Workshop Timber Workshop Depot Gallery Hall Entrance Hall Plant Room Breakout Core Entrance Gallery

12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.

Fine Art Studio Press Print Studio Graffiti Studio Textile Studio Art Shop Jewellery Studio FAB LAB Studio Photography Studio Rentable Studios Eatery Administration

06 14

Level 00

07 Interior Layout The workshops are designed as cuboid pods that align with the grid structure. The main space within the workshop is a double height workspace reserved for crafting. The workshops also contain single height spaces with storage, cleaning, meeting spaces being contained on the lower level. The mezzanine level provides design, drafting, computer and lounge spaces. A shared space for all artists is situated in a cathedral-like hall between the workshops pods. Artist can use this space as a respite from the active workshops or as a place for drafting new ideas. The space accommodates a large floorspace raised on like a podium that bridges the subterranean and street levels. Small meeting spaces and tiered seating flank steps connecting all three levels.

EDWARD STANGOE

Maker’s Micro City

06 14

Level 02

08 03

Level -02 Maker’s Micro City

EDWARD STANGOE

A C B

B A

SECTION AA

Gallowgate

SECTION BB

Festival Square

South Entrance

Gallery Atrium

Subterranean Gallery Entrance

Artist Studios Double Height Workspace

Barrack Street

SECTION CC Armour Street

EDWARD STANGOE

Sculpture Park

Maker’s Micro City

Breakout Core

Gallery Atrium

Gallowgate

Gallowgate Single Height Space

Entrance Hall

Gallery Atrium

Sculpture Park

Armour Street

Subterranean Gallery continues for 600m

Gallowgate

08 Sectional Study The gallery atrium is designed break any rule applied to the workshop side of the building. Here the grid is ignored and the material pallet is expanded to include the existing sandstone retaining walls, polycarbonate, enamel steel panels, render. The main atrium space is just one stop along a subterranean enfilade of display space. The void mimics the scale of turbine hall in the Tate Modern and can similarly accommodate macro sculptures. The structure encompass a group of irregular pods that contain an art shop, eatery and display space.

Maker’s Micro City

EDWARD STANGOE

Gallery Atrium

EDWARD STANGOE

Maker’s Micro City

Breakout Core

Artist Studios

Maker’s Micro City

EDWARD STANGOE

10 Environmental Systems The project was designed in accordance with BREEAM to enhance the environmental effectiveness of the design. The building uses stack ventilation as a natural system for increasing comfort in the building as-well-as providing louvres and blinds for adaptability in reducing solar gain. The roof provides ample space for photovoltaics to power lighting whilst heating is produced using a ground source heat pump and under floor heating. The overall carbon footprint is vastly reduced by opting for a CLT structure with a concrete substructure consisting of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) or pulverised fuel ash (PFA) as a low carbon substitute.

EDWARD STANGOE

Maker’s Micro City

Stack ventilation effect in atrium spaces boosted by glazed roof. Automated aperture ventilate building in

openings

Interior building massing aligned on a north/south axis to allow daylight to reach into the building. Louvre ceiling suspended from roof structure reduces solar gain. Automated blinds follow the sunpath to reduce solar gain from glazed and polycarbonate curtain walls in the summer months and increase solar gain in the winter months. EFTE rooflight angled northwards minimises direct sunlight. Plant room for energy monitoring. Heat pump system supports heating distribution. Photovoltaic panels situated on the roof power lighting and heating systems. Underfloor heating system keeps wall space free for artwork display. LED lighting panels for energy efficient internal and external lighting. Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery system provides constant fresh air at room temperature at a low energy demand. Grey water collection and directed to WCs and planting. Site ecology enhanced through planting of trees and shrubs. Integration with sculpture display areas ensures long term maintenance and management. Accommodation of bird and bat boxes encourage wildlife to the site. Nighttime lighting reduced and directed downwards to reduce light pollution. New technology machinery saves on energy and reduces CO2 pollution (ie. EnerViT kiln). Planting and maintained drainage system to proposed excavated land reduces the risk of flooding. 19 parking spaces fitted with EV charging outlet. Public Transport: Gallowgate bus stop bus routes 60, 60A, 61, 240 and 255. Proposed train station 1 minute walk away. Construction comprises of CLT columns, beams, floor slabs, walls and roof structure. Timber has the lowest embodied C02 of any building material, can be locally produced, is organic and renewable. Timber also creates a warm atmosphere for the artists, is proven to reduce stress, generate greater creativity and facilitate better interpersonal relations (Dr D. Fell - FP Innovations). Use of concrete restricted to substructure. Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) or pulverised fuel ash (PFA) substitutes reduce the carbon footprint. Maker’s Micro City

EDWARD STANGOE

11 Construction Detail The structural strategy for this project combines the CLT elements in 3 of the case studies discussed in the structural workshops. These include the loadbearing frame of the Believe in Better Building, the roof modules of the National Automotive Innovation Centre and the layered facade modules used in Hardman Square Pavilion. The framework consists of 280mm x 560mm CLT columns positioned on a 8m x 7m grid. Connections to 920mm x 280mm loadbearing CLT header joists are reinforced by triple flitch steel plates which are bolted and plugged within the structure. 140mm x 280mm joists support the CLT floor slabs. The framework is bolted to a substructure of steel piles which support a reinforced cast-insitu concrete foundation made using either ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) or pulverised fuel ash (PFA). These ingredients reduce the carbon impact of using concrete. 24

EDWARD STANGOE

Maker’s Micro City

Roof Structure 01. 4000mm x 3500mm rooflight with canted walls of CLT and roof of EFTE printed with dot matrix to control solar gain. 02. Single ply membrane on 400mm insulation lapped in vapour control layer. 03. CLT deck faceted to accommodate slight pitch of glulam grid below. 04. 8000mm x 7000mm grid module of glulam beams. Sub grid approx 2000mm x 1750mm. 05. Acoustic ceiling panels of perforated plywood with integrated lighting, smoke detectors and fire suppression are recessed within the coffers.

Level 05 22000mm

Level 04 21000mm

Level 03 17500mm

Facade Module 06. 560mm x 280mm external CLT columns and 130mm x 280mm external beams. Module size of 7720mm x 3370mm. 07. Insulated horizontal larch weatherboards cladding on solid CLT panels with prefabricated openings for double-glazed units. 08. Diagonal steel brace bolted to central plate of triple flitch. 09. Dark powder coated steel grid support frame for louvre screens and changeable cladding.

Level 02 14000mm

Level 01 10500mm

Substructure 10. 75mm screed, under flood heating, polyethylene separation membrane, 100mm insulation, DPM. 11. 150mm thick reinforced cast-in-situ concrete slab made with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) or pulverised fuel ash (PFA) substitute. 12. DPM, 50mm sand binding, 150mm compact hardcore. 13. Steel piles aligned with the CLT columns on 8000mm x 7000mm grid.

Level 0 7000mm

CLT Frame Joinery

Level -01 3500mm

14. 560mm x 280mm internal CLT column. 15. CLT floor slabs span across two bays and act as structural diaphragm to transfer stability forces to cores. 16. 280mm 920mm CLT rim joist. 17. 130mm x 130mm CLT joist. 18. Fully threaded reinforced screws prevent splitting due to moisture movement. 19. Double flitch plates through beams with M16 bolts. 20. 20mm plugs for 30 minute fire protection.

Level -02 0mm

Maker’s Micro City

EDWARD STANGOE

Fd Fd

EDWARD STANGOE

Maker’s Micro City

Fd Fd

12 Fire Strategy Tools used in the metalwork, glass blowing and ceramic workshops include furnaces, kilns, blowtorches and welding tools. As a result, there is a higher risk of uncontrolled fire starting within a workshop than any other place in the building. A member of staff who knows the fire strategy (fire marshal) must be present in a workshop for high risk tools to be used. In addition, individuals must be trained to use the tools provided and be approved by the fire marshal to use the equipment. The appropriate fire extinguishers will be provided within each workshop. Each workshop will be equipped a fire detection and alarm system, manual call point, the appropriate fire extinguishers, fire blanket and a first aid kit. Everyone must exit the workshop containing the fire. The fire suppression will be activated either manually or after a period of time (water mist/chemical clean agent/inert gasses/carbon dioxide where appropriate). The fire stategy accommodates 3 compartmentised staircases in each corner of the building, providing less than 25m horizontal distance to the exits. The fire assembly point is situated adacent to armour street. Maker’s Micro City

EDWARD STANGOE

Construction Cost LAND REMEDIATION Demolition of existing structures Excavation Disposal costs BUILDING Arts and drama centres m² Independent commercial art gallery m² Restaurant m² LANDSCAPING Hard Landscape m² Soft Landscape m² LOCATION Adjusted for regional value (Scotland)

Unit

Rate £/m²

Total £

3675.27 m³ 40946.27 m³ 44621.54 m³

£23.15 £15.00 £28.00 Subtotal:

£85,083 £614,194 £1,249,403 £1,948,680

7867.00 m² 1019.64 m² 524.48 m²

£1,450.00 £1,662.50 £1,775.00 Subtotal:

£11,407,150 £1,695,159 £930,951 £14,033,261

1033.94 m² 1033.94 m²

£15.00 £60.00 Subtotal:

£15,509 £62,036 £77,545

87.00% CONSTRUCTION TOTAL:

£13,971,752 £13,971,752

Rate %

Total £

2.0% 4.4% 2.5% 2.0% Subtotal:

£279,435 £614,757 £349,294 £279,435.05 £1,522,921.01

3.0% FEES TOTAL:

£419,152.57 £1,942,074

TOTAL COST:

£15,913,826

Fees Cost PROFESSIONAL Quantity Surveyor Architects Structural Engineers Services Engineer CONTINGENCIES Contingencies

13 Cost Appraisal An initial approximation for the cost of the building would be calculated at £2000/m2, by rule of thumb. The building GIA measures to be approximately 9500m2, which would make a total cost of £19,000,000. A further cost appraisal study has been made using the average price of the price ranges stated ‘Building Prices per Square Metre’ chapter of the Spon’s Architect’s and Builder’s Price Book 2018. It is estimated that the total cost is estimated to be £16,000,000, although the appraisal is vague and does not account for everything. This would back up the estimation of £19m stated in the simple ‘rule of thumb’ method. Further calculations could be investigated that apply a rate to number of people using the building or by directly referencing precedent buildings of a similar nature. One category of funding by Creative Scotland is the Regular Funding programme which has supported 121 Scottish organisations with £101.6m of Grant-in-Aid funding over a 3 year period. 28

EDWARD STANGOE

Maker’s Micro City

EDWARD STANGOE