Intelligent Lighting Smart Lighting for the Home and Beyond Design research and proposal for a senior capstone project by Eduardo Calmon http://ecalmondesign.wordpress.com
A final deliverable for IDES 431 Design Theory + Capstone Prep - Fall 2012 coordinated by Jason Lempieri and Jonas Milder
Industrial Design Program http://www.id-uarts.org Š 2012 School for Design College of Art, Media, and Design University of the Arts 320 South Broad Street Philadelphia PA 19102 http://uarts.edu
Illuminating Data Enlightening People A SENIOR THESIS BY EDUARDO CALMON
Table of Content ---------
Primary Research
Pg. 7
Secondary Research
Pg. 13
Tertiary Research
Pg. 25
Project Statement
Pg. 34
Project Strategy
Pg. 37
Project Timeline
Pg. 49
Appendix
Pg. 55
Primary Research Connecting with People
“[...] its [Light] abstract visual qualities have many advantages, among which are a clear distance from any attempts at mimicking reality, an ability to captivate and dominate physical space through its luminous qualities, and the need to be relatively unspecific and open to interpretation.�
-Erwin Redl
User Profiles:
Residential Home Owners People who want a smarter and more customized system of lights in their homes. • • • •
How do you use lighting in your home? Do you have any issues when it comes lighting? If lights could talk, what would you want them to say? Could you imagine the lighting in your house doing more than just illuminating a space? What?
DKOR Interiors
What do people want their lights to do? • • • • • • • • •
Work on their Own Save Energy Communicate / Inform Set a Mood Provide Adequate Lighting Change Colors Protect their Home Controlled Wirelessly Be Intelligent (be aware of its surroundings)
What do people want their lights to communicate? • • • • • • • • • •
Traffic Weather / Temperature Air Quality Index / Pollen Stock Market UV Index Sports Updates Current / Local News Energy Consumption Email / FaceBook / Twitter... Kitchen Timer (if in another room)
Moving Forward:
Technical Lighting
What are different sources of Light? • How are they used? • How do they differ technically?
What are the characteristics of light? • How is lighting defined? • Objective vs Subjective
thorium.at
Secondary Research Looking into the Light
“[...] light in itself is not perceptible until in its swift and unobtrusive journey through space it meets a body. The photons emitted by a light source speed silently, radiating in all directions in search of a form, a surface to flood, to kiss in an instant, a dimension to pluck out of the darkness. Can we allow such a magical phenomenon to have a purely utilitarian function? Lighting, lighting well, lighting for convenience, lighting and furnishing, lighting to show one’s status; lighting cannot be so limited, nor so limiting!”
-Paolo Targetti
Light Sources Incandescent Low Color Temperature Low Lumens per Watt (gives off heat) Short Lifespan
Halogen
petco.com
High Color Temperature Burns much Hotter Better Lifespan than Incandescent
Fluorescent
commons.wikimedia.org
High Color Temperature Argon / Mercury Gas Long Lifespan rgbopto.com
Sodium Very Low Color Temperature Energy Efficient Limited Applications commons.wikimedia.org
Neon Cold Cathode Gas Discharge Low Efficiency Multiple Color Options neonyouth.org
High Intensity Discharge Electrical Arc Variety of Temperature and Efficiency Limited Uses lighting-e.co
LED Electroluminescent Extremely Efficient & Long Life Low Luminescence
OLED
commons.wikimedia.org
Organic Electroluminescent Film Flexible Expensive agfa.com
LASER Stimulated Photos Narrow Beam Limited Residential Applications
djkit.com
BioLuminescence Biological Process
NOAA.gov
Chemiluminescence Chemical Reaction
Photoluminescence
sodahead.com
“Glow in the Dark� Temporary Light Source
highsnobiety.com
Six Principles of Lighting Design Philippe de Bozzi - L’Observatoire International - 1989 Images from “Architectural Lighting: Designing with Light and Space”
Illuminance Quantifies the light emitted by a source that lands on a given material.
Luminance Quantifies the intensity of emitted light from a given surface.
Color and Temperature Quantifies the physical electromagnetic properties of a light source.
Height The quantified height at which a luminaire is positioned.
Density The precise numeric count and arrangement of luminaries in a space. Arranged in Three Categories. • Linear • Random
Direction and Distribution Qualifies the aim, shape, and beam characteristics of a light source. Described as • Direct • Indirect • Up • Down • Multidirectional
Within the scope of intelligent lighting, not much research could be found.
“[...] most of the developments in these works have focused on the physical hardware and the aesthetics of the physical objects that constitute the grid of lights, rather than the content they display.”
-Jesús Rafael This will be my Point of Entry.
How can light communicate? • What kind of sensors are there? • How can light be used to visualize data?
How is lighting used on different scales? • Residential (Interior, Exterior, Personal) • Architectural (Interior, Exterior, Public) • Outdoor Spaces (Streets, Parks)
Tertiary Research Precedents
[...] “light and space artists” were using the materiality of light, space, and time to create immersive phenomenological experiences, often with no physical component, or object, as central focus – a trend still developing today with artists such as Olafur Eliasson.
-Anthony Rowe
Philip’s “Hue” 600 Lumes RGB LED Bulb Controlled via iOS device through WiFi Timer Select Colors from Photos Away from Home Access Simple way to customize lighting Only control one bulb at a time $100 per bulb
LIFX Bulb 110-160 V RGB LED Bulb Controlled through mobile device Control Individual Bulbs, Rooms, or Entire House Full Color and Dimmer Control Sunrise / Sunset Sync Timer / Auto on/off Music Visualization SDK Kit Lots of applications built in SDK allows for more controls Cost: $80 per bulb
L8 SmartLight “Soundless Speaker� 8x8 RGB LED Matrix Built in Sensors Proximity Luminosity Temperature Social Media Notifications Full Customization through SDK Matrix of lights allow for a greater variety
AmbientOrb by Ambient Devices RGB LED Orb Collects Data Online Visualizes Data by a Red to Green Scale Provides a simple way to read information Constrained to a yes/no scale.
Motoblur Hotel by EGWRK / KLIP Motorola’s Motoblur mobile interface Large Scale Projection + Mapping Interactive Live Twitter Feed Weather
DIY Ambient Television Backlight 16 RGB LED Frame Arduino Controller Expands beyond the TV to create a fully immersing experience DIY Build and Program
Her Secret is Patience by Janet Echelman Industrial Woven Lace Reacts to wind Large Scale Spectacle “The sculpture could now be entirely soft, which made it so light it could tie in to existing buildings -- literally becoming part of the fabric of the city.�
The Philadelphia Project by Janet Echelman “I’m using this sculpture material to trace the paths of subway trains above ground in real time -- like an X-ray of the city’s circulatory system unfolding.”
Project Statement ---------
I want to create dynamic lighting that is both aware of its surroundings and user customizable in order to visualize data. I wish to develop a system of data visualization that can be applied on multiple scales; from private residential lighting to large public cityscapes.
NOAA.gov
“Like constellations of stars in the vast Milky Way, we can read this map as the figurative stories of our global history and visualize the economic power of America, Europe, China, and Japan, the connectivity of the TransSiberian Railway, the insistent production of oil in the Middle East, and the resultant coastal inhabitation of postcolonial South America. While in our daily lives it is easy to forget the symbolic power associated with light, clearly, on a greater scale, these implications still exist.�
-Herve Descottes
Project Strategy ---------
David Wade Brann Designer Currently working on a series of High End custom lighting fixtures for a private residents. Will learn lighting construction and simple programming Technical Skills -Material and Processes -Arduino Programming
Samantha “Delirium� Stage Lighting Designer Understands the technical application of scene lighting. Has access to an array of professional lighting equipment
Kevin “Kevlar� Farrell President / Founder of Visual Infinity Media Artist Does large scale lighting production for High Profile companies and artists -Live8 -Bacardi -Nike World (NYC) -Dave Matthews Band -Jay Z
Current Project Large Scale Multi Projection Mapping on the Philadelphia Museum of Art Will help with design and art direction, 3D mapping, and installation.
nwicon.com
Karen Clancy Center City Designer Associated with the Avenue of the Arts Lights Understanding of public lighting on a massive, citywide scale Potentially working on a future project involving the transformation of Philadelphia fountains to a year round spectacle
Janet Echelman American artist Specializing in public art installations and sculpture. Currently working on a large scale permanent installation for the reconstruction of Dilworth Plaza. Bands of light diffused through mist show the real time location of Philadelphia’s major transit lines.
SWOT Analysis ---------
Strengths Technical knowledge of Lighting Basic understanding of Programming Connections to people in Related Industries
Weaknesses Lack of Access to lighting supplies and equipment Small working knowledge of Arduino
Opportunities The chance to work on real world projects Working with a variety of professionals -Designers -Artists -Urban Planners -Engineers
Plan of Action Ignition
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Appendix ---------
Bibliography Architecture Is Space: The Space-Positive Tradition Kenneth D. B. Carruthers Journal of Architectural Education (1984-) Vol. 39, No. 3 (Spring, 1986), pp. 17-23 Published by: Wiley on behalf of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1424783 Art in the Space Age: Exploring the Relationship between Outer Space and Earth Space Takuro Osaka Leonardo Vol. 37, No. 4 (2004), pp. 273-276 Published by: The MIT Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1577601 Barzel, Amnon. Light Art:Targetti Light Art Collection. Milano: Skira, 2006. Print.
Canogar, Daniel. “Illuminating Public Space: Light Shows In Contemporary Art.” Public Art Review 15.2 (2004): 8-13. OmniFile Full Text Mega (H.W. Wilson). Web. 10 Dec. 2012. Concepts of Space in Urban Design, Architecture and Art N. N. Patricios Leonardo ,Vol. 6, No. 4 (Autumn, 1973), pp. 311-318 Published by: The MIT Press Article Stable URL: http://0-www.jstor.org.catalog.library.uarts.edu/ stable/1572847
My Only Sunshine: Installation Art Experiments with Light, Space, Sound and Motion Jennifer Steinkamp Leonardo Vol. 34, No. 2 (2001), pp. 109-112 Published by: The MIT Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1577011 The Orbiting Unification Ring-Space Peace Sculptures: Progress Report on Global Art in Space Arthur R. Woods and Marco C. Bernasconi Leonardo Vol. 24, No. 5 (1991), pp. 601-606 Published by: The MIT Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1575669 Rowe, Anthony. (2012). ‘Within an Ocean of Light: Creating Volumetric Lightscapes’. Leonardo Vol 45, No 4. 358 – 365. Available: http://www. leonardo.info/isast/journal/toc454.html