EU Procedural Law
Second Edition
KOEN LENAERTS
KATHLEEN GUTMAN
JANEK TOMASZ NOWAK
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom
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The moral rights of the authors have been asserted
First Edition published in 2014
Second Edition published in 2023
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DOI: 10.1093/law/9780198833086.001.0001
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Preface
This book explains how to enforce Union law in court. It sets out the remedies available to enforce Union law rights and the mechanisms affording judicial protection against unlawful action on the part of Union institutions, bodies, offices, and agencies. It is directly oriented towards legal practice. Accordingly, competition law, State aid, and anti-dumping law are dealt with in separate sections wherever it was felt appropriate to provide guidance as to how the available remedies work concretely in those fields.
Considerable attention is given to the central role played by the national courts in the European Union legal order, both in deciding cases alone and in dialogue with the Court of Justice through the preliminary ruling procedure. Additionally, the various actions which can be brought before the Court of Justice and the General Court are analysed.
This book reflects the state of the law on 1 May 2023. Two remarks should be made in that respect.
First, the Court of Justice has recently submitted a request to amend the Treaties, with a view to establishing the preliminary ruling jurisdiction of the General Court in specific areas and to extending the scope of the preliminary admission mechanism for appeals brought against decisions of the General Court. As this book takes account of such developments, we have decided to proceed with its publication without waiting for the formal adoption of the relevant rules on these matters.
Second, since 2014, the Court of Justice of the European Union has used a citation method for its case-law based on the ECLI (European Case-Law Identifier). This book relies on that method in referring to such case-law in the Table of Cases. Nevertheless, this book employs an abbreviated citation method in the chapter footnotes to save space and enhance readability.
Finally, all views expressed in this book are our own.
Koen Lenaerts
Kathleen Gutman
Janek Tomasz Nowak
PART V: PROCEDURE BEFORE THE UNION COURTS
1.
2.
PART I: THE JUDICIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
3. Cooperation between National Courts and the Court of Justice: The Reference for a Preliminary Ruling
A.
D.
E.
PART II: ENFORCEMENT OF UNION LAW
5. The Action for Infringement of Union Law by a Member State I.
C.
6. Preliminary Rulings on the Interpretation of Union Law
I.
B.
7. The Action for Annulment
8. The Action for Failure to Act I.
9. The Objection of Illegality
I.
10. Preliminary Rulings on the Validity of Union Acts
I.
II. Special Characteristics
A. Review of legality of Union acts reserved to the Court of Justice under Foto-Frost
B. Differences compared with an action for annulment
C.
D. Assessment of validity normally based on the situation existing when Union act was
E.
III.
11. The Action for Damages
I.
12. Application for an Opinion on the Compatibility with the Treaties of an International Agreement to Be Concluded by the Union
I.
IV.
13. Proceedings for Interim Measures Before the Union Courts
14. Proceedings for Authorization to Serve a Garnishee Order on the Union I.
15. Jurisdiction of the Union Courts to Give Judgment pursuant to an Arbitration Clause or a Special Agreement
16. Proceedings Brought by Officials and Other Servants of the Union (Staff Cases)
I. Subject-Matter 16.01
IV.
17. Jurisdiction of the Union Courts over Disputes Relating to Intellectual Property Rights
IV.
18. Unlimited Jurisdiction of the Union Courts in Respect of Actions Relating to Sanctions
19. Appeals
I.
21. Jurisdiction of the Court of Justice under Conventions Concluded by the Member States
I.
PART V: PROCEDURE BEFORE THE UNION COURTS
22. Start of the Procedure
I.
III. Language Arrangements
A.
B.
B.
C.
J.
K.
L.
23. Incidental Elements of
C.
D.
E. Actions in which a request for access to documents is at issue
F. Exceptional regime relating to the security of the Union or its Member States, or the conduct of their international relations
G.
IV. Preliminary Issues, Discontinuance, Withdrawal of Reference, and No Need to Proceed to Judgment
C. Withdrawal of the reference for a preliminary ruling
D. No need to proceed to judgment 23.62
24. Main Elements of the Procedure
I.
25.
II.
D.
A.
B.
C.
III.
V.
A.
III.
Table of Cases
COURT OF JUSTICE
1/54, France v High Authority, EU:C:1954:7
2/54, Italy v High Authority, EU:C:1954:8
7�162, 7�173
7�173, 22�17
6/54, Netherlands v High Authority, EU:C:1955:5 4 46, 7 162, 7 172
7/54 and 9/54, Groupement des industries sidérurgiques Luxembourgeoises v High Authority, EU:C:1956:2
5/55, Assider v High Authority, EU:C:1955:8
�24�07
25�51, 25�53
9/55, Société des charbonnages de Beeringen v High Authority, EU:C:1956:12 22 15
10/55, Mirossevich v High Authority, EU:C:1956:14 24 47
1/56, Bourgaux v Common Assembly, EU:C:1956:15
�15�08
2/56, Geitling Ruhrkohlen-Verkaufsgesellschaft and Others v High Authority, EU:C:1957:4 � � � �7�180
7/56 and 3/57 to 7/57, Algera and Others v Common Assembly, EU:C:1957:7 7 10
8/56, Alma v High Authority, EU:C:1957:12 18 08
9/56, Meroni v High Authority, EU:C:1958:7 7 168, 10 06
1/57 and 14/57, Usines à tubes de la Sarre v High Authority, EU:C:1957:13
2/57, Compagnie des hauts fourneaux de Chasse v High Authority, EU:C:1958:5
7�10, 7�11
7�191, 7�192
13/57, Wirtschaftsvereinigung Eisen- und Stahlindustrie v High Authority, EU:C:1958:10 22 07
15/57, Compagnie des hauts fourneaux de Chasse v High Authority, EU:C:1958:6 7 191
18/57, Nold v High Authority, EU:C:1959:6
3/58 to 18/58, 25/58 and 26/58, Erzbergbau v High Authority, EU:C:1960:18
�13�24
20/58, Phoenix-Rheinrohr v High Authority, EU:C:1959:14 7 21
21/58, Felten & Guilleaume v High Authority, EU:C:1959:15 22 07
24/58 and 34/58, Chambre syndicale de la sidérurgie de l’est de la France v High Authority, EU:C:1960:32
32/58 and 33/58, Snupat v High Authority, EU:C:1959:18
14/59, Société des fonderies de Pont-à-Mousson v High Authority, EU:C:1959:31 7 162, 24 63
30/59, De gezamenlijke Steenkolenmijnen in Limburg v High Authority, EU:C:1961:2 23 03
36/59 to 38/59 and 40/59, Präsident Ruhrkohlen-Verkaufsgesellschaft and Others v High Authority, EU:C:1960:36
�24�06
42/59 and 49/59, Snupat v High Authority, EU:C:1961:5 7 19, 7 75, 23 03, 24 63
42/59-TO and 49/59-TO, Breedband v Société des Aciéries du Temple and Others, EU:C:1962:24
43/59, 45/59 and 48/59, Von Lachmüller and Others v Commission, EU:C:1960:37
44/59, Fiddelaar v Commission, EU:C:1960:47
�13�31
46/59 and 47/59, Meroni and Others v High Authority, EU:C:1962:44 22 19 1/60 REVI, Acciaieria Ferriera di Roma v High Authority, EU:C:1960:22 25 43 9/60-TO and 12/60-TO, Vloeberghs v High Authority, EU:C:1962:25
25�35
14/60, 16/60, 17/60, 20/60, 24/60, 26/60 and 27/60, Meroni and Others v High Authority, EU:C:1961:16 9 20 19/60, 21/60, 2/61 and 3/61, Société Fives Lille Cail and Others v High Authority, EU:C:1962:1
13/61, De Geus, EU:C:1962:11
21/61 to 26/61, Meroni and Others v High Authority, EU:C:1962:12
�22�15
3�20, 3�27, 6�19
8�10
4/62 SA, Hübner v High Authority, EU:C:1962:9 14 04 18/62, Barge v High Authority, EU:C:1963:56 7 189
19/62, Fédération nationale de la boucherie en gros and Others v Council, EU:C:1962:48 5 88
25/62, Plaumann v Commission, EU:C:1963:17�
26/62, van Gend & Loos, EU:C:1963:1
7�86, 7�99, 7�118
2�02, 3�41, 4�02, 4�14, 24�68
28/62 to 30/62, Da Costa en Schaake and Others, EU:C:1963:6 3 41, 3 48
31/62 and 33/62, Wöhrmann v Commission, EU:C:1962:49 3 16, 7 158
15/63, Lasalle v Parliament, EU:C:1964:9
18/63, Schmitz v EEC, EU:C:1964:15
�23�04
26/63, Pistoj v Commission, EU:C:1964:53 16 04
64/63 SA, Potvin v Commission, EU:C:1963:13 14 04
73/63 and 74/63, Internationale Crediet- en Handelsvereniging Rotterdam and Others, EU:C:1964:8
78/63, Huber v Commission, EU:C:1964:54 16 05
83/63, Krawczynski v Commission, EU:C:1965:70 22 19
90/63 and 91/63, Commission v Luxembourg and Belgium, EU:C:1964:80 7 20
101/63, Wagner, EU:C:1964:28
106/63 and 107/63, Toepfer v Commission , EU:C:1965:65
108/63, Officine Ellettromeccaniche Merlini v High Authority, EU:C:1965:4 24 13
111/63, Lemmerz Werke v High Authority, EU:C:1965:76
6/64, Costa, EU:C:1964:34
12/64 and 29/64, Ley v Commission, EU:C:1965:28
20/64, Albatros, EU:C:1965:8 6 19
21/64, Macchiorlati Dalmas e Figli v High Authority, EU:C:1965:30 7 172 23/64, Vandevyvere v Parliament, EU:C:1965:31 16 08
26/64, Rosenstiel-Schwarz v High Authority, EU:C:1964:62
45/64, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1969:58
�24�47
55/64, Lens v Court of Justice, EU:C:1965:113 22 19
8/65, Acciaierie e Ferriere Pugliese v High Authority, EU:C:1966:5 7 181
16/65, Schwarze, EU:C:1965:117
18/65 R, Gutmann v Commission, EU:C:1965:41
25/65 and 26/65, Simet and Others v High Authority, EU:C:1967:13 7 07
28/65, Fonzi v Commission, EU:C:1966:57 23 52
32/65, Italy v Council and Commission, EU:C:1966:42 9 09, 9 12
44/65, Singer, EU:C:1965:122
48/65, Lütticke v Commission, EU:C:1966:8
5�36, 5�37
59/65, Schreckenberg v Commission, EU:C:1966:60 11 14
61/65, Vaassen-Goebbels, EU:C:1966:39 3 05
62/65, Serio v Commission, EU:C:1966:61
3/66, Alfieri v Parliament, EU:C:1966:55
4�41
5/66, 7/66 and 13/66 to 24/66, Kampffmeyer and Others v Commission, EU:C:1967:31 11 34, 11 42, 11 70
24/66 bis, Getreidehandel v Commission, EU:C:1973:163
29/66 R, Gutmann v Commission, EU:C:1966:52
30/66, Becher v Commission, EU:C:1967:44
�25�51
�13�32
�11�34
4/67, Collignon v Commission, EU:C:1967:51 11 14
5/67, Beus, EU:C:1968:13 10 17
13/67, Becher, EU:C:1968:26
5/68, Sayag and Zurich, EU:C:1968:42
6�33, 25�28
�11�28
7/68, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1968:51 5 01, 5 66, 5 71 10/68 and 18/68, Eridania and Others v Commission, EU:C:1969:66 7 97, 8 06, 8 10 13/68, Salgoil, EU:C:1968:54
29/68, Milch-, Fett- und Eierkontor, EU:C:1969:27
3�28, 6�19
6�32, 6�33
30/68, Lacroix v Commission, EU:C:1970:46 7 07, 22 13
31/68, Chanel v Cepeha, EU:C:1970:52 3 27
4/69, Lütticke v Commission, EU:C:1971:40 11 13, 11 40, 22 15
6/69 and 11/69, Commission v France, EU:C:1969:68 5 72
7/69, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1970:15
9/69, Sayag and Zurich, EU:C:1969:37
11�07, 11�26
28/69, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1970:26 5 18
29/69, Stauder, EU:C:1969:57 3 14
31/69, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1970:10
33/69, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1970:14
5�74
41/69, Chemiefarma v Commission, EU:C:1970:71 7 30, 7 174
48/69, ICI v Commission, EU:C:1972:70
50/69 R, Germany v Commission, EU:C:1969:42
56/69, Hoechst v Commission, EU:C:1972:77
69/69, Alcan v Commission, EU:C:1970:53 7
8/70, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1970:94 5 10, 5 40
15/70, Chevalley v Commission, EU:C:1970:95
18/70, Duraffour v Council, EU:C:1971:515
22/70, Commission v Council, EU:C:1971:32�
25/70, Köster, EU:C:1970:115
40/70, Sirena, EU:C:1979:236
48/70, Bernardi v Parliament, EU:C:1971:28
56/70-REVI, Mandelli v Commission, EU:C:1971:4
7�11, 7�14, 7�17,
�7�171
�25�43
59/70, Netherlands v Commission, EU:C:1971:77 8 19
62/70, Bock v Commission, EU:C:1971:108 7 97, 7 100
1/71 SA, X v Commission, EU:C:1971:48 14 01, 14 03, 14 04, 14 05
2/71 SA, X v Commission, EU:C:1971:54
7/71, Commission v France, EU:C:1971:121
5�66
8/71, Deutscher Komponistenverband v Commission, EU:C:1971:82 6 22
9/71 and 11/71, Compagnie d’approvisionnement, de transport et de crédit and Others v Commission, EU:C:1972:52
15/71, Mackprang v Commission, EU:C:1971:98
24/71, Meinhardt v Commission, EU:C:1972:37 16 08
35/71, Schleswig-Holsteinische Landwirtschaftliche Hauptgenossenschaft, EU:C:1971:126 11 44
37/71, Jamet v Commission, EU:C:1972:57 7 217
40/71, Richez-Parise v Commission, EU:C:1972:9
42/71, Nordgetreide v Commission, EU:C:1972:16
7�15, 7�103
43/71, Politi, EU:C:1971:122 3 24
44/71, Marcato v Commission, EU:C:1972:53 16 15
48/71, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1972:65
96/71, Haegemann v Commission, EU:C:1972:88
3�29, 11�31
6/72, Europemballage and Continental Can v Commission, EU:C:1975:50 7 155 11/72, Giordano v Commission, EU:C:1973:39 11 70
13/72, Netherlands v Commission, EU:C:1973:4
21/72 to 24/72, International Fruit Company and Others, EU:C:1972:115
39/72, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1973:13
7�188, 10�14
5�02, 5�20, 5�63, 5�79 41/72, Getreide-Import-Gesellschaft, EU:C:1973:2 10 15
43/72, Merkur v Commission, EU:C:1973:108 11 32
48/72, Brasserie de Haecht, EU:C:1973:11�
58/72 and 75/72, Perinciolo v Council, EU:C:1973:52
7�30
�7�171
63/72 to 69/72, Werhahn Hansamuehle and Others v Council, EU:C:1973:121 11 22, 11 45
70/72, Commission v Germany, EU:C:1973:87 5 24, 5 75 6/73 and 7/73, Istituto Chemioterapico Italiano and Commercial Solvents v Commission, EU:C:1974:18
�18�06
9/73, Schlüter, EU:C:1973:110 6 10
15/73 to 33/73, 52/73, 53/73, 57/73 to 109/73, 116/73, 117/73, 123/73, 132/73 and 135/73 to 137/73, Kortner and Others v Council and Others, EU:C:1974:16 9 20
xxii Table of Cases
34/73, Fratelli Variola, EU:C:1973:101 5 20
36/73, Nederlandse Spoorwegen, EU:C:1973:130
3�07
41/73-ITRP, 43/73-ITRP and 44/73-ITRP, Générale sucrière and Béghin-Say v Commission and Others, EU:C:1977:41 25 57
112/73, 144/73 and 145/73, Campogrande v Commission, EU:C:1974:97 24 05
120/73, Lorenz, EU:C:1973:152
130/73, Vandeweghe and Others, EU:C:1973:131
5�25
146/73, Rheinmühlen-Düsseldorf, EU:C:1974:12 3 27
153/73, Holz & Willemsen v Council and Commission, EU:C:1974:70 11 32
166/73, Rheinmühlen-Düsseldorf, EU:C:1974:3
167/73, Commission v France, EU:C:1974:35
3�01, 3�04, 3�16
5�18
169/73, Compagnie Continentale France v Council, EU:C:1975:13 11 22, 11 61
173/73, Italy v Commission, EU:C:1974:71 5 24
175/73, Union Syndicale and Others v Council, EU:C:1974:95 7 84, 16 10
181/73, Haegemann, EU:C:1974:41
188/73, Grassi v Council, EU:C:1974:112
6�15, 7�188
�22�19
17/74, Transocean Marine Paint Association v Commission, EU:C:1974:106 7 175
18/74, Syndicat général du personnel des organismes européens v Commission, EU:C:1974:96
19/74 and 20/74, Kali und Salz and Kali-Chemie v Commission, EU:C:1975:58
7�84, 16�10
�24�05
20/74 R, Kali-Chemie v Commission, EU:C:1974:33 13 13
26/74, Roquette Frères v Commission, EU:C:1976:69 11 31, 11 33, 11 57
32/74, Haaga, EU:C:1974:116 3 14
56/74 to 60/74, Kampffmeyer and Others v EEC, EU:C:1976:78
68/74, Alaimo, EU:C:1975:11
11�54, 11�65
6�35
71/74, Fruit- en Groentenimporthandel and Frubo v Commission, EU:C:1975:61 13 04
72/74, Union syndicale and Others v Council, EU:C:1975:43 11 19
73/74, Papiers Peints v Commission, EU:C:1975:160
74/74, CNTA v Commission, EU:C:1976:84
�7�180
79/74, Küster v Parliament, EU:C:1975:85 16 05
90/74, Deboeck v Commission, EU:C:1975:128 16 07, 16 08
99/74, Société des grands moulins des Antilles v Commission, EU:C:1975:161 11 32
100/74, CAM v Commission, EU:C:1975:152
9/75, Meyer-Burckhardt v Commission, EU:C:1975:131
23/75, Rey Soda, EU:C:1975:142 3 14, 10 20
43/75, Defrenne, EU:C:1976:56 6 39
52/75, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1976:29
58/75, Sergy v Commission, EU:C:1976:102
59/75, Manghera and Others, EU:C:1976:14 10 09
109/75 R, National Carbonising Company v Commission, EU:C:1975:133 13 03 110/75, Mills v EIB, EU:C:1976:152
113/75, Frecassetti, EU:C:1976:89
1/76, Wack v Commission, EU:C:1976:91
6�10
�7�168
5/76, Jänsch v Commission, EU:C:1977:163 7 155 15/76 and 16/76, France v Commission, EU:C:1979:29 5 01, 7 55, 7 197 23/76, Pellegrini and Others v Commission and Others, EU:C:1976:174
26/76, Metro v Commission, EU:C:1977:167
7�193, 15�16
7�39, 7�88
27/76, United Brands v Commission, EU:C:1978:22 7 201, 7 217 33/76, Rewe, EU:C:1976:188 4 03, 4 06, 4 55
44/76, Eier-Kontor v Council and Commission, EU:C:1977:37
45/76, Comet, EU:C:1976:191
�22�09
4�03, 4�06, 4�55
50/76, Amsterdam Bulb, EU:C:1977:13 5 20
52/76, Benedetti, EU:C:1977:16 3 23, 6 32
62/76, Strehl, EU:C:1977:18 10 15
64/76, 113/76, 167/78, 239/78, 27/79, 28/79 and 45/79, Dumortier and Others v Council, EU:C:1982:185
Table of Cases xxiii
11�45, 11�56, 11�59
83/76, 94/76, 4/77, 5/77 and 40/77, Bayerische HNL Vermehrungsbetriebe and Others v Council and Commission, EU:C:1978:113 11 45
85/76, Hoffmann-La Roche v Commission, EU:C:1979:36 7 175
88/76, Exportation des Sucres v Commission, EU:C:1977:61
101/76, Koniklijke Scholten Honig v Council and Commission, EU:C:1977:70
107/76, Hoffmann-Laroche, EU:C:1977:89 3 14, 3
112/76, Manzoni, EU:C:1977:152 3
5/77, Tedeschi, EU:C:1977:144
25/77, De Roubaix v Commission, EU:C:1978:100
7�86
34/77, Oslizlok v Commission, EU:C:1978:101 7
54/77, Herpels v Commission, EU:C:1978:45
61/77 R, Commission v Ireland, EU:C:1977:88
65/77, Razanatsimba, EU:C:1977:193
70/77, Simmenthal, EU:C:1978:139
90/77, Stimming v Commission, EU:C:1978:91 22 09
103/77 and 145/77, Royal Scholten-Honig and Tunnel Refineries, EU:C:1978:186 10 15
104/77, Öhlschläger, EU:C:1978:69
106/77, Simmenthal, EU:C:1978:49
2�01, 3�17, 3�26
113/77, NTN Toyo Bearing v Council, EU:C:1979:91 7
116/77 and 124/77, Amylum and Tunnel Refineries v Council and Commission, EU:C:1979:273 11 33
118/77, ISO v Council, EU:C:1979:92
121/77, Nachi Fujikoshi v Council, EU:C:1979:95
7�86
123/77, UNICME v Council, EU:C:1978:73 7 95, 7 97, 7 101
132/77, Société pour l’exportation des sucres v Commission, EU:C:1978:99 11 60
135/77, Bosch, EU:C:1978:75
148/77, Hansen & Balle, EU:C:1978:173
6�22
156/77, Commission v Belgium, EU:C:1978:180 5 72, 9 08 8/78, Milac, EU:C:1978:157 10 18
17/78, Deshormes v Commission, EU:C:1979:24 16 07
30/78, Distillers Company v Commission, EU:C:1980:186�
83/78, Redmond, EU:C:1978:214
3�28
92/78, Simmenthal v Commission, EU:C:1979:53 7 144, 7 194, 7 220, 9 03
92/78 R, Simmenthal v Commission, EU:C:1978:106 13 38
98/78, Racke, EU:C:1979:14
125/78, GEMA v Commission, EU:C:1979:237
8�22, 22�19
141/78, France v United Kingdom, EU:C:1979:225 5 34, 5 75
166/78, Italy v Council, EU:C:1979:195 7 77
166/78 R, Italy v Council, EU:C:1978:161
168/78, Commission v France, EU:C:1980:51
170/78, Commission v United Kingdom, EU:C:1983:202
�22�14
5�75
177/78, McCarren, EU:C:1979:164 5 26
209/78 to 215/78 and 218/78, Van Landewyck and Others v Commission, EU:C:1980:248
7�172, 7�177, 16�29 220/78 and 221/78, ALA and ALFER v Commission, EU:C:1979:114�
7�156, 24�13 222/78, ICAP, EU:C:1979:90 3 23, 6 32 232/78, Commission v France, EU:C:1979:215 22 14, 22 19 238/78, Ireks-Arkady v EEC, EU:C:1981:155
11�20, 11�32, 11�45, 11�56 241/78, 242/78 and 246/78 to 249/78, DGV and Others v EEC, EU:C:1981:157
�11�32 243/78, Simmenthal v Commission, EU:C:1980:65 7 145 244/78, Union laitière normande, EU:C:1979:198 3 21, 6 20 250/78, DEKA Getreideprodukte v EEC, EU:C:1983:49 11 20, 11 32, 24 31
xxiv Table of Cases
261/78 and 262/78, Interquell Stärke-Chemie and Diamalt v Council and Commission, EU:C:1979:228
4/79, Providence agricole de la Champagne, EU:C:1980:232
�11�32
�10�23
12/79, Wagner v Commission, EU:C:1979:286 11 32
26/79 and 86/79, Forges de Thy-Marcinelle et Monceau v Commission, EU:C:1980:82 24 07
40/79, P� v Commission, EU:C:1981:32
51/79, Buttner v Commission, EU:C:1980:96
�23�08
7�75
61/79, Denkavit italiana, EU:C:1980:100 4 51, 4 54, 4 59, 6 38, 6 39
65/79, Chatain, EU:C:1980:108 3 14
68/79, Just, EU:C:1980:57
72/79, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1980:109
73/79, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1980:129
76/79, Könecke v Commission, EU:C:1980:68
102/79, Commission v Belgium, EU:C:1980:120
104/79, Foglia v Novello, EU:C:1980:73
109/79, Maiseries de Beauce, EU:C:1980:233
114/79 to 117/79, Fournier v Commission, EU:C:1980:124 16 28
130/79, Express Dairy Foods, EU:C:1980:155 4 02, 4 59, 10 22
133/79, Sucrimex v Commission, EU:C:1980:104
136/79, National Panasonic v Commission, EU:C:1980:169�
7�28
138/79, Roquette v Council, EU:C:1980:249 7 102, 7 172, 7 173, 7 174, 23 05
139/79, Maizena v Council, EU:C:1980:250 7 102, 7 172, 7 173, 7 174, 23 05
145/79, Roquette Frères, EU:C:1980:234 10 23
155/79, AM & S v Commission, EU:C:1982:157�
730/79, Philip Morris v Commission, EU:C:1980:209
7�33
�7�124
792/79 R, Camera Care v Commission, EU:C:1980:18 7 35
806/79, Gerin v Commission, EU:C:1980:264 16 15
817/79, Buyl and Others v Commission, EU:C:1982:36
1253/79, Battaglia v Commission, EU:C:1982:38
1/80, Salmon, EU:C:1980:157 6 31
24/80 R and 97/80 R, Commission v France, EU:C:1980:107 5 76
36/80 and 71/80, Irish Creamery Milk Suppliers Association and Others, EU:C:1981:62
46/80, Vianl, EU:C:1981:4
66/80, International Chemical Corporation, EU:C:1981:102 3
126/80, Salonia, EU:C:1981:136 3
138/80, Borker, EU:C:1980:162
142/80 and 143/80, Essevi and Salengo, EU:C:1981:121
158/80, Rewe, EU:C:1981:163
3�07
179/80, Roquette Frères v Council, EU:C:1982:357 7 145 182/80, Gauff v Commission, EU:C:1982:78
184/80, Van Zaanen v Court of Auditors, EU:C:1981:173
�16�26 197/80 to 200/80, 243/80, 245/80 and 247/80, Ludwigshafener Walzmühle and Others v Council and Commission, EU:C:1981:311 24 49 244/80, Foglia v Novello, EU:C:1981:302 3 29, 3 30, 3 35, 3 37 246/80, Broekmeulen, EU:C:1981:218
3�06 256/80, 257/80, 265/80, 267/80, 5/81, 51/81 and 282/82, Birra Wührer and Others v Council and Commission, EU:C:1987:87 11 20, 11 56, 11 66 267/80 TO, Birra Dreher v Riseria Modenese and Others, EU:C:1986:472 25 35 10/81, Farrall v Commission, EU:C:1981:60
�13�23 11/81, Dürbeck v Commission, EU:C:1982:120
�22�16 14/81, Alpha Steel v Commission, EU:C:1982:76 7 09, 22 20 17/81, Pabst & Richarz, EU:C:1982:129 24 51 26/81, Oleifici Mediterranei v EEC, EU:C:1982:318 11 61
Table of Cases xxv
28/81, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1981:257 5 54
29/81, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1981:258
51/81, De Franceschi v Council and Commission, EU:C:1982:20
5�54
11�20, 11�56
60/81, IBM v Commission, EU:C:1981:264 7 13, 7 23, 7 24, 7 25, 7 30, 7 53, 13 14, 13 32
60/81 R and 190/81 R, IBM v Commission, EU:C:1981:165, 13 14, 13 32
65/81, Reina, EU:C:1982:6
94/81, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1982:74
3�26
5�10, 5�40
96/81, Commission v Netherlands, EU:C:1982:192 5 67, 5 70
102/81, Nordsee, EU:C:1982:107 3 09
104/81, Kupferberg, EU:C:1982:362
106/81, Kind v EEC, EU:C:1982:291
109/81, Porta v Commission, EU:C:1982:253 15 09
114/81, Tunnel Refineries v Council, EU:C:1982:324
132/81, Vlaeminck, EU:C:1982:294
135/81, Groupement des agences des voyages v Commission, EU:C:1982:371
141/81 to 143/81, Holdijk and Others, EU:C:1982:122
207/81, Ditterich v Commission, EU:C:1983:123
210/81, Demo-Studio Schmidt, EU:C:1983:277
211/81, Commission v Denmark, EU:C:1982:437
213/81 to 215/81, Norddeutsches Vieh- und Fleischkontor and Others, EU:C:1982:351
�7�168 217/81, Interagra v Commission, EU:C:1982:222 11 29 230/81, Luxembourg v Parliament, EU:C:1983:32
232/81, Agricola Commerciale Olio v Commission, EU:C:1984:358
249/81, Commission v Ireland, EU:C:1982:402
261/81, Rau, EU:C:1982:382
�24�68 267/81, SPI and SAMI, EU:C:1983:78 6 18
282/81, Ragusa v Commission, EU:C:1983:105 7 172
283/81, CILFIT and Others, EU:C:1982:335
301/81, Commission v Belgium, EU:C:1983:51
3�16, 3�46, 3�47, 3�48,
5�71
306/81, Verros v Parliament, EU:C:1983:143 22 17
307/81, Alusuisse v Council and Commission, EU:C:1982:337 7 135
314/81, Waterkeyn, EU:C:1982:430
318/81, Commission v CO�DE�MI�, EU:C:1985:467
1/82, D� v État luxembourgeois, EU:C:1982:367
2/82 to 4/82, Delhaize and Others, EU:C:1983:268 3 27
11/82, Piraiki-Patraiki v Commission, EU:C:1985:18
35/82 and 36/82, Morson and Jhanjan, EU:C:1982:368
41/82, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1982:418
42/82, Commission v France, EU:C:1983:88 5 59
42/82 R, Commission v France, EU:C:1982:83 13 31
43/82, VBVB and VBBB v Commission, EU:C:1984:9
43/82 R, VBVB and VBBB v Commission, EU:C:1982:119
62/82, Italy v Commission, EU:C:1983:74
�7�171
74/82, Commission v Ireland, EU:C:1984:34 5 54
75/82 and 117/82, Razzouk and Others v Commission, EU:C:1984:116 9 20, 16 26
85/82, Schloh v Council, EU:C:1983:179
92/82, Gutmann v Commission, EU:C:1983:286
7�143, 16�07
�22�07 107/82, AEG v Commission, EU:C:1983:293 7 32 133/82, Commission v Luxembourg, EU:C:1983:136 11 29 191/82, FEDIOL v Commission, EU:C:1983:209
7�106, 7�134 199/82, San Giorgio, EU:C:1983:318
4�08, 4�17, 4�20, 4�43, 4�59, 4�60 205/82 to 215/82, Deutsche Milchkontor and Others, EU:C:1983:233 3 23, 4 63 225/82, Verzyck v Commission, EU:C:1983:165 16 29 228/82 and 229/82, Ford v Commission, EU:C:1984:80 7 35
xxvi Table of Cases
235/82 REV, Ferriere San Carlo v Commission, EU:C:1986:237 25 45
239/82and 275/82, Allied Corporation and Others v Commission, EU:C:1984:68
7�86, 7�102, 7�133, 7�135, 10�11
264/82, Timex v Council and Commission, EU:C:1985:119 7 134, 10 20
266/82, Turner v Commission, EU:C:1984:3 7 221
267/82, Développement and Clemessy v Commission, EU:C:1986:253
281/82, Unifrex v Council and Commission, EU:C:1984:165�
�11�29
11�29, 11�32, 22�13
296/82 and 318/82, Netherlands and Leeuwarder Papierwarenfabriek v Commission, EU:C:1985:113 7 124
323/82, Intermills v Commission, EU:C:1984:345
324/82, Commission v Belgium, EU:C:1984:152
7�119, 7�124
325/82, Commission v Germany, EU:C:1984:60 5
13/83, Parliament v Council, EU:C:1985:220
14/83, Von Colson and Kamann, EU:C:1984:153 4 16
28/83, Forcheri v Commission, EU:C:1984:111
29/83 and 30/83, Compagnie Royale Asturienne des Mines and Rheinzink v Commission, EU:C:1984:130
41/83, Italy v Commission, EU:C:1985:120 7 77, 7 180
51/83, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1984:261
52/83, Commission v France, EU:C:1983:328
59/83, Biovilac v EEC, EU:C:1984:380 11 45
62/83, Eximo v Commission, EU:C:1984:197 11 32
80/83, Habourdin International and Others, EU:C:1983:321 21 07
108/83, Luxembourg v Parliament, EU:C:1984:156
112/83, Société des produits de maïs, EU:C:1985:86
7�20
10�04, 10�22, 10�23
114/83, Société d’initiatives et de coopération agricoles v Commission, EU:C:1984:246 11 19 118/83, CMC v Commission, EU:C:1985:308 7 98, 11 17, 11 29
126/83, STS v Commission, EU:C:1984:257
130/83, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1984:263
145/83, Adams v Commission, EU:C:1985:445 11
7�98
5�24
152/83, Demouche, EU:C:1987:421 6 12
172/83 and 226/83, Hoogovens Groep v Commission, EU:C:1985:355 7 158
178/83, P�, EU:C:1984:272
224/83, Ferriera Vittoria v Commission, EU:C:1984:208
�21�07
�7�156
274/83, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1985:148 5 45, 5 70
289/83, GAARM v Commission, EU:C:1984:398 11 19
290/83, Commission v France, EU:C:1985:37
293/83, Gravier v Ville de Liège, EU:C:1985:69
5�24
�24�68
294/83, Les Verts v Parliament, EU:C:1986:166 1 03, 3 03, 3 52, 4 14, 6 04, 7 70, 7 84, 7 92, 7 104, 7 165, 10 04, 10 10, 22 07
298/83, CICCE v Commission, EU:C:1985:150
21/84, Commission v France, EU:C:1985:184
29/84, Commission v Germany, EU:C:1985:229
25�21
5�10
5�15
35/84, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1986:59 5 10
41/84, Pinna, EU:C:1986:1 10 21, 10 23
42/84, Remia v Commission, EU:C:1985:327
50/84, Bensider and Others v Commission, EU:C:1984:365
7�199, 7�202
7�84, 7�160
50/84 R, Bensider and Others v Commission, EU:C:1984:190 13 23
56/84, Von Gallera, EU:C:1984:136 21 07
75/84, Metro v Commission, EU:C:1986:399
121/84, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1986:4
5�67
142/84 and 156/84, British American Tobacco and Reynolds Industries v Commission, EU:C:1987:490 7 39, 7 202
150/84, Bernardi v Parliament, EU:C:1986:167 7 172
Table of Cases xxvii
159/84, 267/84, 12/85 and 264/85, Ainsworth and Others v Commission, EU:C:1987:172 7 223
166/84, Thomasdünger, EU:C:1985:373
169/84, Cofaz and Others v Commission, EU:C:1990:301
6�29
7�118, 7�122, 7�125
175/84, Krohn v Commission, EU:C:1987:8 11 13, 11 14, 11 29, 11 32
179/84, Bozzetti, EU:C:1985:306 3 15
190/84, Les Verts v Parliament, EU:C:1988:94
191/84, Barcella v Commission, EU:C:1986:197
7�21
�22�19
222/84, Johnston, EU:C:1986:206 4 14
234/84, Belgium v Commission, EU:C:1986:302 7 176, 7 197, 7 213
240/84, Toyo v Council, EU:C:1987:202
258/84, Nippon Seiko v Council, EU:C:1987:205
279/84, 280/84, 285/84 and 286/84, Rau and Others v Commission, EU:C:1987:119 22 16
297/84, Sahinler v Commission, EU:C:1986:45 22 08
309/84, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1986:73 5 10, 5 40, 5 57
5/85, AKZO Chemie v Commission, EU:C:1986:328
�7�170 15/85, Consorzio Cooperative d’Abruzzo v Commission, EU:C:1987:111
7�10
20/85, Roviello, EU:C:1988:283 10 13, 22 34
42/85, Cockerill-Sambre v Commission, EU:C:1985:471 7 157
53/85, AKZO Chemie v Commission, EU:C:1986:256
7�08, 7�33, 7�144, 7�177, 7�221 67/85, 68/85 and 70/85, Kwekerij van der Kooy and Others v Commission, EU:C:1988:38 7 106, 7 121, 7 123, 7 130
69/85, Wünsche, EU:C:1986:104 6 13, 6 33, 6 36, 10 03
85/85, Commission v Belgium, EU:C:1986:129 5 35 89/85, 104/85, 114/85, 116/85, 117/85 and 125/85 to 129/85, Ahlström Osakeyhtiö and Others v Commission, EU:C:1988:447
7�167, 7�188 C-89/85, C-104/85, C-114/85, C-116/85, C-117/85 and C-125/85 to C-129/85, Ahlström Osakeyhtiö and Others v Commission, EU:C:1993:120 7 30, 7 32, 7 200, 24 59
98/85, 162/85 and 258/85, Bertini, EU:C:1986:246
103/85, Stahlwerke Peine-Salzgitter v Commission, EU:C:1988:398
133/85 to 136/85, Rau, EU:C:1987:244
146/85 and 431/85, Maindiaux and Others v ESC, EU:C:1988:189
150/85, Drake, EU:C:1986:257
152/85, Misset v Council, EU:C:1987:10
154/85, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1987:292
3�30
10
154/85 R, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1985:249 13
220/85, Fadex v Commission, EU:C:1986:427 15 17
265/85, Van den Bergh en Jurgens v Commission, EU:C:1987:121
281/85, 283/85 to 285/85 and 287/85, Germany and Others v Commission, EU:C:1987:351
�11�45
�22�70
282/85, DEFI v Commission, EU:C:1986:316 7 129, 7 143
293/85, Commission v Belgium, EU:C:1988:40 5 48, 5 54
293/85 R, Commission v Belgium, EU:C:1985:446
309/85, Barra, EU:C:1988:42
310/85, Deufil v Commission, EU:C:1987:96
�13�37
4�56, 6�39
�7�211 311/85, VVR, EU:C:1987:418 6 20
314/85, Foto-Frost, EU:C:1987:452 3 03, 3 56, 3 57, 10 01, 10 04, 10 13, 10 17, 10 19, 11 31
318/85, Greis Unterweger, EU:C:1986:106
331/85, Bianco and Girard, EU:C:1988:97
3�07
4�60 338/85, Pardini, EU:C:1988:194 3 13 358/85, France v Parliament, EU:C:1988:431 23 57 391/85, Commission v Belgium, EU:C:1988:58
403/85 REV, F� v Commission, EU:C:1991:119
5�60
�25�44 12/86, Demirel, EU:C:1987:400 6 16 14/86, Pretore di Salò v X, EU:C:1987:275 3 14, 3 23, 3 24, 6 33 22/86, Rindone, EU:C:1987:130 4 17
xxviii Table of Cases
23/86 R, United Kingdom v Parliament, EU:C:1986:125 13 13, 13 19
24/86, Blaizot, EU:C:1988:43
31/86 and 35/86, LAISA v Council, EU:C:1988:211
6�39
7�76, 11�22
33/86, 44/86, 110/86, 226/86 and 285/86, Stahlwerke Peine-Salzgitter and Others v Commission, EU:C:1988:402 7 191, 7 194, 7 217
34/86, Council v Parliament, EU:C:1986:291
45/86, Commission v Council, EU:C:1987:163
7�70, 7�75
7�77, 7�219
68/86, United Kingdom v Council, EU:C:1988:85 7 178
69/86, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1987:85 5 80
70/86, Commission v Greece, EU:C:1987:374
81/86, De Boer Buizen v Council and Commission, EU:C:1987:393
5�74
85/86, Commission v EIB, EU:C:1988:110 22 09
89/86 and 91/86, Étoile commerciale and CNTA v Commission, EU:C:1987:337 11 29
97/86, 193/86, 99/86 and 215/86, Asteris and Others v Commission, EU:C:1988:199
113/86, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1988:59
5�59
119/86, Spain v Council and Commission, EU:C:1987:446 7 181
128/86, Spain v Commission, EU:C:1987:447
131/86, United Kingdom v Council, EU:C:1988:86
147/86 TO1, Panhellinia Omospondia Idioktiton Frontistirion Xenon Glosson and Others v Greece and Commission, EU:C:1989:610 25 34
147/86 TO2, Panhellinios Syndesmos Idioktiton Frontistirion Xenon Glosson and Trechas v Greece and Commission, EU:C:1989:611 25 34
147/86 TO3, Panhellinios Syndesmos Idioktiton Idiotikon Technikon Epangelmatikon ke Naftikon Scholikon Monadon v Greece and Commission, EU:C:1989:612
�25�34
166/86, Irish Cement v Commission, EU:C:1988:549 7 19
199/86, Raiffeisen, EU:C:1988:99 10 20
207/86, Apesco v Commission, EU:C:1988:200
222/86, Heylens, EU:C:1987:442
229/86, Brother Industries v Commission, EU:C:1987:403
231/86 R, Breda-Geomineraria v Commission, EU:C:1986:338
236/86, Dillinger Hüttenwerke v Commission, EU:C:1988:367
240/86, Commission v Greece, EU:C:1988:173
247/86, Alsatel, EU:C:1988:469
267/86, Van Eycke, EU:C:1988:427
272/86, Commission v Greece, EU:C:1988:433
279/86, Sermes v Commission, EU:C:1987:343
295/86, Garelly v Commission, EU:C:1987:344
300/86, Van Landschoot, EU:C:1988:342 10 20
301/86, Frimodt Pedersen v Commission, EU:C:1987:345 7 135
305/86, Neotype Techmashexport v Commission and Council, EU:C:1990:295
23�03, 24�05 314/86, de Szy-Tarisse and Feyaerts v Commission, EU:C:1988:471
6�13
1/87 SA, Universe Tankship v Commission, EU:C:1987:298 14 04, 14 05
33/87, Christianos v Court of Justice, EU:C:1988:300 9 20
46/87 and 227/88, Hoechst v Commission, EU:C:1989:337
46/87 R, Hoechst v Commission, EU:C:1987:167
7�27, 7�28
7�28, 13�32
76/87, 86/87 to 89/87 and 149/87, Seguela and Others, EU:C:1988:220 6 37
85/87, Dow Benelux v Commission, EU:C:1989:379 7 28
85/87 R, Dow Chemical Nederland v Commission, EU:C:1987:472
91/87, Gutshof-Ei, EU:C:1988:235
7�28
�14�05
94/87, Commission v Germany, EU:C:1989:46 4 63
97/87, Dow Chemical Ibérica and Others v Commission, EU:C:1989:380 7 170
106/87 to 120/87, Asteris and Others v Greece and EEC, EU:C:1988:457 11 33
Table of Cases xxix
125/87, Brown v Court of Justice, EU:C:1989:399 16 04
126/87, Del Plato v Commission, EU:C:1989:115
16�07, 16�26
133/87 and 150/87, Nashua Corporation and Others v Commission and Council, EU:C:1990:115 7 62, 7 135, 7 136
133/87 R, Nashua Corporation v Commission, EU:C:1987:315 13 18
141/87, Commission v Italy, EU:C:1989:165
142/87, Belgium v Commission, EU:C:1990:125
5�67
5�24
156/87, Gestetner Holdings v Council and Commission, EU:C:1990:116 7 62, 7 133, 7 135, 7 136, 7 214
162/87 and 351/87, Tagaras v Court of Justice, EU:C:1989:448
165/87, Commission v Council, EU:C:1988:458
�7�219
�7�173
193/87 and 194/87, Maurissen and Union syndicale v Court of Auditors, EU:C:1990:18 7 19, 7 70, 16 10
205/87, Nuova Ceam v Commission, EU:C:1987:485 7 135
224/87, Koutchoumoff v Commission, EU:C:1989:38
226/87, Commission v Greece, EU:C:1988:354
�16�26
5�28, 5�72, 9�08
229/87, Commission v Greece, EU:C:1988:501 5 45
241/87, Maclaine Watson v Council and Commission, EU:C:1990:189 5 14
247/87, Star Fruit v Commission, EU:C:1989:58
301/87, France v Commission, EU:C:1990:67�
7�07, 8�06
5�24, 7�54
302/87, Parliament v Council, EU:C:1988:461 8 09, 8 21
308/87, Grifoni v EAEC, EU:C:1994:38 11 61
346/87, Bossi v Commission, EU:C:1989:59 11 14
359/87, Pinna, EU:C:1989:107
374/87, Orkem v Commission, EU:C:1989:387
�10�20
7�27
376/87 R, Distrivet v Council, EU:C:1988:37 13 23
377/87, Parliament v Council, EU:C:1988:387 8 01, 8 05, 8 08, 8 21
383/87, Commission v Council, EU:C:1988:388
1/88 SA, Générale de Banque v Commission, EU:C:1989:142
8�01, 8�05
14�04, 14�07
20/88, Roquette frères v Commission, EU:C:1989:221 11 31, 11 69
22/88, Vreugdenhil and Others, EU:C:1989:277 7 169
30/88, Greece v Commission, EU:C:1989:422
35/88, Commission v Greece, EU:C:1990:302
62/88, Greece v Council, EU:C:1990:153
70/88, Parliament v Council, EU:C:1991:373
109/88, Handels- og Kontorfunktionærernes Forbund i Danmark (Danfoss), EU:C:1989:383
111/88 R, Greece v Commission, EU:C:1988:240�
112/88 R, Crete Citron Producers Association v Commission, EU:C:1988:241 13 37 119/88, AERPO and Others v Commission, EU:C:1990:231 11 32 133/88, Del Amo Martinez v Parliament, EU:C:1989:124
C-143/88 and C-92/89, Zuckerfabrik Süderdithmarschen and Zuckerfabrik Soest, EU:C:1991:65
16�22, 16�26
4�19, 4�77, 4�79
C-150/88, Eau de Cologne & Parfümerie-Fabrik 4711, EU:C:1989:594 3 35
C-152/88, Sofrimport v Commission, EU:C:1992:21 7 100, 7 102, 11 56, 25 01
C-177/88, Dekker, EU:C:1990:383
C-202/88, France v Commission, EU:C:1991:120
4�16
5�27
C-213/88 and C-39/89, Luxembourg v Parliament, EU:C:1991:449 7 20
C-221/88, Busseni, EU:C:1990:84 3 02, 6 03, 10 01
C-229/88, Cargill v Commission, EU:C:1990:138
�7�101
C-244/88, Usines coopératives de déshydratation du Vexin and Others v Commission, EU:C:1989:588 7 101
C-262/88, Barber, EU:C:1990:209 6 39
C-286/88, Falciola, EU:C:1990:33 3 32
