DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.HASSAN
STUDENT GUIDE FOR S.S.L.C STUDENTS SUB;DRAFT - ENGLISH
DISTRICT ASSOSIATION OF HIGH SCHOOL ASSISTANT TEACHERS.HASSAN INDEX
INDEX 1.
MODALS
3-5
2.
IF CLAUSES
6-8
3.
ARTICLES
9-11
4.
QUESTION TAGS
12
5.
COLLACATIONS
13-15
6.
FIGURES OF SPEECH
16-18
7.
EDITING THE PARAGRAPHS
19-20
8.
SHORT FORMS
21-22
9.
ANTONYMS
23-25
10. SYNONYMS
25-27
11. CROSSWORD
28-30
12. FLOWCHARTS
31
13. HOMOPHONES
32-35
14. UNSEEN PASSAGES
36-37
15. PHRASAL VERBS
38-40
16. LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
41-42
17. BALLAD
43
18. AUXILIARIES
44-46
19. PREPOSITIONS 20. CONJUNCTIONS
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47-50 51-52
21. REGULAR COMPARISION OF ADJECTIVES
53-54
22. FORMAT OF ADMISSION FORM
55-57
23. WORD MAZE
58-59
24. WRITING
60-66
25. DICTIONARY WORK
67-68
26. PHONETICS
69-77
27. REPORTED SPEECH
78-80
28. LETTER WRITING
81-87
29. THE ACTIVE AND THE PASSIVE VOICE
88-89
30. TENSES
90-92
31. MODEL QUESTION PAPER
93-100
******
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1. MODALS 1. What are modals? All The Auxiliary verbs except “Be”, “Do” & “Have” are called “Modals”. Unlike other auxiliary verbs modals only exists in their helping forms; they cannot act alone as the main verb in a sentence. The verbs can, could, may, might, will, would, should, must, and ought to, are called ‘Modal Auxiliary Verbs’. They are used before the Infinitives of other verbs and add certain kinds of meaning to the utterances. Need and Dare can sometime used as modal auxiliary verbs and the expression “had better” is used like a modal auxiliary. Modal verbs can be used to say with all these situations. Possible – may, can Certainly possible – must,
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Possible by force/compulsion/obligation – should, ought to Willingly possible – shall, will, would Impossible – can’t,
Probable – might, could Improbable – couldn’t, mightn’t Modal Uses
Can
They can control their own budgets. Ability/ possibility We can’t fix it? Inability/ Impossibility Can I write here? Asking for permission Can you help me? request
Asking for permission Request Could Suggestion Future possibility Ability in the past May
Examples
Asking for permission future possibility
Could I borrow your dictionary? Could you say it again? We could try to fix it ourselves. I think we could have another “Gulf War”. He gave up his old job, so he could work for us. May I have another cup of coffee? India may become a major economic
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power.
Might
Must
Shall
Present possibility Future possibility
Necessity Obligation Prohibition Offer Suggestion Asking what to do
Saying what’s right Should Recommending action Uncertain prediction Instant decisions Will Offer, promise Certain prediction Asking for permission request Would Making arrangements Invitation preferences
We’d better phone tomorrow, they might be eating their dinner now. They might give us 10% discount.
We must say good bye now. They must not disrupt the work. Shall I help you with your luggage? Shall I do that or will you? We should sort out this problem at once. I think we should check everything again. Profits should increase next year. I can’t see any taxis, so I will walk. I will do that for if you like. I will get back to you on Monday. Would you pass the salt please? Would you mind waiting a moment? Would you prefer tea or coffee? I’d like tea please.
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Rewrite the Sentence using modals and identify language functions;1. Please return my library books. Will……………… Function………..... 2. The files are heavy. I’ll carry them for you. Would……………….. Function…………… 3. Let me switch on the fan, ok? Do you ………………. Function ………………. 4. “Bring the books to my office” Would…………….
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Function…………
Modal verbs 1. Will you please return my library books? Request 2. Would I carry the files for you? Seeking permission -5-
3. Do you mind if I switch on the fan? Request 4. Would you bring the books to my office? Request
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2. If clauses Conditional sentences are also known as conditional clauses or if clauses. If clause is used when: a. It is possible to fulfill conditions. Form: If + simple present, will – future If I find her address, I will send her an invitation b. It is theoretically possible to fulfill conditions. Form: If + simple past, would + infinitive If I found her address I would send her an invitation c. It is impossible to fulfill conditions. Form: If + past perfect, would + have past perfect If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
Type- 1:
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If + the simple present tense + will / can or may / might.
Probable Actions in the future
1. If you leave before ten you’ll catch the train. 2. If you don’t hurry, you might miss it. 3. The bowl will break, if you drop it. 4. I can get some more milk if there is enough.
Type- 2:
If + the simple past tense + would, could or might.
Less probable actions in the future. 1. If we saved Rs.500 We’d have enough for a holiday trip. 2. We might save enough if we worked overtime. Unreal actions in the present. 3. If we were rich I’d travel around the world.
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4. We could buy a new car If you didn’t spend so much on clothes.
Type – 3:
If + the past perfect tense + would have, could have or might
have.
Impossible actions in the past 1. If it had rained yesterday there wouldn’t have been many people here. 2. If I hadn’t been ill I could have gone yesterday.
Other types of If clauses. 1) If + present tense + the imperative. a.. If it’s raining take a coat. b. Don’t wear those shoes if you want to go for walking.
2) If + simple present tense + simple present tense. a. If you mix blue and yellow you get green. b. If the temperature falls below zero, water freezes.
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3) If + present continuous / Present perfect tense + modal verb. a. If you’re planning a holiday, I’ll tell you about ours. b. If you haven’t been to Mysore you ought to go there. 4) If+
modal verb + modal verb.
a. If you can’t find your dress it might be in the cupboard. b. Well, Suman can’t use this shirt if he won’t wash up.
5)
If + will / would + modal verb. a. If you’ll give me your address, I can send you the information. b. If you would kindly wait a moment please, Mr. Kumar won’t be long.
6)
If + should + modal verb + imperative. a. I think it’s going to be nice but if it should rain we can have the meals inside.
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Exercise; Complete the sentence with appropriate clauses :1. If I ……………. (Have + bring) my camera we ……………. (Will + have take) some photographs. 2. If you ………….. (Have + go) to the station at 10.a.m you wouldn’t ……………….. (Have + miss) the train. 3. If you ………….. (Have + score) more marks, you ………. (Will + have + get) seat in the college you wanted. -8-
Key answers 1. Have brought, will have taken 2. Have gone, have missed 3. have scored, will have got
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3. Articles (A, An, The) Articles are the demonstrative adjectives. We use articles before countable and uncountable nouns. Countable nouns are things we count. Ex; One banana, two bananas Uncountable things / nouns are things we cannot count Ex: Sand, Rice
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We can use a / an with singular countable nouns. E.g.: a student, an umbrella, an orange. Article ‘a’ is used before the word which starts with a consonant sound and a is called indefinite article because it leaves indefinite the person or thing spoken of; E.g.: a bat, a cow, a dog, a rose, a doctor, a european, a one rupee note.
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Article ‘an’ is used before the word which starts with a vowel sound and an is called indefinite article because it leaves indefinite the person or thing spoken of; E.g.: an apple, an egg, an ice cream, an underpass, an hour (‘h’ is silent), an essay, an MLA (sound of the letter ‘M’ / em/ ).
Article ‘The’ is called definite article. ‘The’ is used when we are mentioning of one particular thing E.g.: I sat on the chair nearest to the door We use ‘the’ when there is only one of some thing.(Universal objects) The earth goes round the sun. The moon goes round the earth. ‘The’ is used before the names of peaks, oceans, seas, deserts... E.g., the Mount Everest, the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea, the Thar desert ‘The’ is used before musical instruments The flute, the violin, the guitar, the saxophone ‘The’ is used before superlative degree.
E.g. : The Nile is the longest river in the world Raju is the tallest boy in the class ‘The’ is used before ordinal numbers E.g.: the first, the second…. ‘The’ is used before directions The south, the north, the east etc.
Omission of articles 1. The article is omitted before the names of the persons or places.
Exercise Fill in the blanks with suitable articles;1. There are seven days in ……….week. 2. It wasn’t your fault it was …………accident 3. t.
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4. I eat ……..banana every day.
5. There is ……….hair in my soup. 6. I am looking for ……….job.
7. It was ………….good suggestion. 8. I am ………optimist. 9. I had ………….. Sandwich and ………apple for breakfast. 10. I am going to see ……………..doctor. 11. Do you want ……….egg. 12. What is …………..name of that man we met yesterday? 13. ……….sun is a star. 14. Which is …………highest peak in the world? 15. Can you tell me where ……….room No 25 is please? It is on ……………second floor. 16. Do you often listen to …………Radio? No, infact I haven’t …………Radio?
Key answers
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1.a
2. an
3.a
4.a
8.a, an
9.a(not particular)
12.the, the
13.the
14.the, the
5.the
6.a
10. An
7.an 11.the
15.the, the
*******
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4. Question tags. Form:- We form question tags with a. The auxiliary verbs / be form / have / do form. b. Modal verb. Type – 1 After a positive statement we use negative tag to ask if a person agrees with the statement. 1. Its lovely today, isn’t it?
Positive statement + negative tag.
2. You’ll be on holiday next week, won’t you? - Positive statement + negative tag. 3. Bab likes this weather, doesn’t he? 4. You saw Jennifer yesterday, didn’t you? Type – 2
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After a negative statement we use a positive tag to ask if a person agrees with The statement.
1. We haven’t had a nice summer, have we? 2. The dog can’t get ant, can it? 3. I won’t be long you’ll be back soon, will you? Type – 3 After a positive statement we can use a positive tag when we have just found out or just remembered some information. After ‘had better’ we use a tag with had. After ‘would’ rather we use a tag with would. After suggestions with let’s and after ‘offers’ we use a tag with shall. After an imperative we use a tag with will, would, can, could. 1. Let’s have some fresh air. Shall we? 2. Open the door. Will you? 3. Shut the window. Can you? ****
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5. Collocations Collocations are the words which frequently appear together in a natural way. It means a natural combination of words, it refers to the way English words are associated with each other. They will also help one to speak English in a more natural and accurate way. Ex. Home work, make mistake, commit suicide.
Six types of collocation. 1. Adjectives and nouns: Ex: 1. we had a brief chat with the head master. 2. Unemployment is a major problem in the country. 2. Nouns and verbs: Ex: We have launched a new product this month.
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3. Noun + noun:
Ex: Every parent feels a sense of pride when their child does well.
4. Verbs with prepositional expression. Ex: I was filled with horror when I saw the burns on her face.
5. Verbs and Adverbs: Ex. Renu placed the baby gently on the tiny chair.
6. Adverbs and Adjectives: Ex: They are happily married.
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Collocations are the words which frequently appear together in a natural way. Ex: verbs + noun 1. Make
-
trouble Lot of noise An excuse - 14 -
2. Do
-
one’s duty Wrong Lot of damage
3. Become
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weak Strong
4. Commit
-
Crime Murder
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Suicide 5. Perform
-
Operation
6. Raise
-
Doubts
7. Draw
-
Money
8. Lay
-
Emphasis
9. Investigate -
Case Crime
10. Open
-
The door The window The book
2. Adjective + nouns Beautiful
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Pictures Woman Flowers Lady Things
Handsome -
Person
Difficult
Problem
-
Question Interesting -
Story Thing
Important
-
Person Point - 15 -
Things Lucky
-
Person
Curly
-
Hair
Chubby
-
Cheeks
Dimple
-
Chin
Red
-
Rose
Simple
-
Task
3. Verbs + adverbs Sing
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Beautifully
Melodiously Run
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Fast
Listen
-
Carefully
Write
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Beautifully Legibly
Match the words in Box “A” and Box “B” that collocate. Box A Make
Brisk
Rapid
Speedy
Prompt
Swift
Exchange
Irreparable
Lay
Combat
Commit
Cold
Hatch
Rising
Shake
Sign
Break
Come
Cross
Step
Blessing
See
Herculean
Back
Cry
Tug of
Rain
My cup of
Mouth
Nuclear
Like father
Fish
Down to
Spare
Come under
Keep
Pay
Catch
Take a
Have a
Beat around
Do someone
Make
Box B
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Square
Out of
one
water
Wolf
A crime
Attention
Watering
Violence
In disguise
Forward
Like son
Task
Friendship
War
Payment
Earth
Attack
A favor
Chance
Fire
a noise
the bush Cats
Tea
The road
The ice
Action
Damage
Eye to eye
and dogs
The deed
Time
Hands
Ideas
Across
Quiet
Weapon
Progress
Recovery
Emphasis
Sea levels
Haircut
The egg
war
Walk
****
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6. Figures of speech 1. Simile: Comparison between two objects of different kinds. It is marked by words as, like, so. E.g. 1. Mercy droppeth as gentle rain from heaven. 2. He fights like a loin. 3. She sings like a Nightingale. 4. He swims as fast as fish. 5. Poet wondered lonely as a cloud. 2. Metaphor. Comparison between unlike things, without using word such as, ‘like’ or ‘as’ E.g. 1. Laugh for the time brief a thread length of a span. 2.
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He is a lion in the battle field.
3. Tippu is the tiger of Mysore. 4. Camel is the ship of desert.
5. Youth are the salt of the nation. 6. Sarojini Naidu is the nightingale of India. 3. Personification. Giving human like traits or characteristics to non living things. (Inanimate objects are said to be animate objects) E.g. 1. God moves in a mysterious way. 2. I am the land I wait. 3. Death lays his icy-hands on the king. 4. Death embraced him. 5. A chain link necklace chokes me now.
4. Alliteration
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A repetition of the same or similar sounds at the beginning of the words. E.g. 1. Sound sleep by night, study and ease. 2. I had a dove and sweet dove died. 3. Giving, giving, and giving to the very end I die. 4. She sells the sea shells on the sea shore. 5. Synecdoche. A term for a part of something that refer to the whole of something. (Whole to part, part to whole) E.g. 1. Tell that the sculptor well those passions read. 2.
Which yet survive, stamped on those lifeline things.
3. The hand that mocked them. 4. Sweet little red feet why should you die.
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5. The village arise when the sun rise in the east. 6. Irony:
Use of a word or a phrase conveys a meaning opposite to its usual
meaning. E.g
1. Water, water everywhere, and all the boards did shrink. Water, water everywhere or any drop to drink. 2. Operation is successful but patient is dead. 3. Love is a sweet poison. 7. Hyperbole. Over exaggeration of the statement. E.g. 1. Ring with azure word, he stands. 2. He has tongues of the word. 3. The bag weighed a ton. 4. Sachin is the god of cricket. ****
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7Editing Paragraph Errors INTRODUCTION;Editing a paragraph means, detecting the mistakes in a paragraph regarding language items and correcting them. The errors may be as follows. 1. Articles 2. Correct form of verb & words 3. Prepositions & conjunctions 4. Punctuations (.,? “”) 5. Numbers (singular & plural) 6. Subject and verb agreement 7. Capital letters 8. Spellings
Instructions; - Paragraphs are given below. They
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have errors. Edit the paragraphs using the clues Paragraph – 1 There was an great deal in conversation about rain but his family. He was very proud of his large family finally we got down to business. Clues;a. Error in the article b. Error in preposition c. Error in conjunction d. Error in verb form
Paragraph – 2 The next day as smitha with her father are leaving for the concert. Her brother smile and said, enjoy yourself though ____words came out in painful gasps lucky you.
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Clues;a. Error in the conjunction b. Error in the auxiliary verb c. Error in the verb from d. Fill the blank with correct article
Key answers;-
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Paragraph 1 ;- a) a
b) of
c) and
d) get
Paragraph 2; - a) and
b) were
c) smiled
d) the
***
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8. SHORT FORMS List of some short forms;1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C – see R – are U – you Y – why V – we ,b-be K – ok N – and 2 – to 4 – for Da-the, dat – that 4m – from Fwd – forward Coz/b’coz – because Cum – come tnks / thnx – thanks frnd – friend frnz – friends bro – brother Sis – sister Ppl - people
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Mr – mister Mrs – misters Ms – miss msg – message Pls/plz – please O M G - oh my god Str8 – straight b’day – birth day gd – good mrng – morning evng – evening aftnun – after noon n8 - night 2morw / tmrw – tomorrow Y’day – yesterday l8 – late yr – year gonna – going to Wanna – want to Gb – good bye
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Decode the following short forms and write in full sentences : 1. How r u? 2. Mr. n Mrs Bond r leaving 4 B’luru 2 morw 3. Hpy b’day 2 u. 4. U ppl stnd in a str8 line. 5. Y r u l8? 6. Wt r u dng? 7. Sum 1’s w8ing 4 u here. 8. My bro n sis r cmng 2morw 9. I don’t wanna c dis movie 10. Pls cl.
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11. Wt’ll v do nw? 12. Wn’ll u cm? 13. Y didn’t u atnd my cl? 14. Thnx 4 ur lvly gift 15. Dats k meet me in da evng. 16. Last n8 I couldn’t cl coz ..zzing. 17. U w8 4 10 min. - 22 -
18. ? s dis? 19. Wt did u,ve 4 brkfst 2 day. 20. C U l8r k? ANSWERS 1. How are you? 2. Mr. and Mrs. Bond are leaving for Bangalore tomorrow. 3. Happy birthday to you.
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4. You people stand in a straight line. 5. Why are you late? 6. What are you doing?
7. Someone is waiting for you here. 8. My brother and sister are coming tomorrow. 9. I don’t want to see this movie. 10. Please call 11. What will we do now? 12. When will you come? 13. Why did not you attend my call? 14. Thanks for your lovely gift 15. That ok. Meet me in the evening. 16. Last night I could not call because I was sleeping 17. You wait for ten minutes. 18. What is this? 19. What did you have for breakfast today. 20. See you later.Ok.
9. Antonyms (opposite words / negative words) Expected X unexpected. Kill X saves. Strong X weak. Strength X weakness. Coward X brave. cowardice X bravery, Attack X defend. Buy X sell. Cut X join. Whisper X shouts. Light X dark. Question X answer. Appear X disappear. remember X forget, true X false, cruelty X kindness, A Hero Important X unimportant. Late X early. Silence X noise. Continue X discontinues. presence X absence now X then touched X untouched mortal X immortal, Near X far. heavy X light, true X false, notorious X famous, Grateful X ungrateful. Usual X unusual. Clever X fool. Happy X unhappy, old X new/young, laugh X weep, better X worse, Grandma agree X disagree, all X none, Climbs A hell X heaven, peace X war, Tree wanted X un wanted, daunted X un daunted. start X end. right X left/ wrong Regular X ir regular. believe X disbelieve. silent X noisy. arrive X depart. There’s A connect X disconnect. forward X back ward. Girl employed X un employed. future X present. By The help X hinder. numerable X innumerable. Tracks conscious X un conscious. deep X shallow. morning X evening. full X half/empty. today X tomorrow Gentle X harsh. give X take. Quality of god X devil. justice X In justice. Mercy mightiest X weakest beautiful X ugly. Understanding X misunderstanding. fresh X faded/stale. careful X The Gentle careless. Man of obedient X disobedient. finally X initially. Rio en Medio refuse X accept. complete X in complete. generous X miser I am the Own X disown. patient X impatient Land
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Ancient X modern. poor X rich. suffer X enjoy. long X short. The Bird of covered X un covered. end X beginning. Happiness death X birth/life. sharp X blunt. plenty X scanty. destroy X create. hardship X happiness. comfort Laugh And Wrong X right. length X width. Be Merry friend X enemy. proud X humble Catch X drop. understand X misunderstand. lucky X un lucky. painful X painless. The Concert master X servant. fold X un fold. exit X entrance. carry X miscarry. kind X un kind. possible X impossible Living X dead. close X open. Jazz Poem done X un done. shaven X un shaven. Two trained X un trained. high X low. black X white Furious X patient. quickly X slowly. enough X plenty. content X dis content. ignore X consider. discipline X in discipline. The bitter X sweet. wild X mild. Discovery common X un common. used X un used. clear X un clear. known X un know. bless X curse Balled of the Fearful X fearless. clear X un clear. Tempest silence X nuisance Before X after. certain X uncertain. same X different. normal X abnormal. able X unable. comfortable X un comfortable. Colours of interesting X un interesting. ready X unready. Silence natural X un natural. knowledge X ignorance. hopeful X hopeless. optimistic X pessimistic. characteristic X uncharacteristic. popular X unpopular. ability X in ability. success X failure The Blind Bright X dull. make X mar Boy Freedom X slavery. promotion X demotion. balance X imbalance. thin X thick. Science and secretly X openly. difference X similarity. Hope of respect X disrespect. efficient X in efficient. Survival civilization X barbarism. release X arrest. responsibility X irresponsibility. wisdom X stupidity. humanly X cruelly Off to Outer Last X first. pass X fail. Space inner X outer
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Tomorrow Morning Include X exclude. different X same. Narayanpura dressed X undressed. Incident hide X seek.
small X big. outside X in side. dare X scare. believable X unbelievable
Experienced X in experienced. difficult X easy. On the Top encourage X in encourage. successful X un successful. of the World willing X un willing A Great Die X bear. patriot X traitor. Martyr Ever memory X forget. pride X humbleness Cherished Major X minor. permanent X temporary. Legal X illegal. obedience X disobedience. Dr .B.R Public X private. direct X misdirect/in direct. powerful X powerless. Ambedkar Creative X destructive. Inferior X superior. noble X ignoble. Dream X reality.
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10. Synonyms (Words which give similar / nearer meaning) Sternly
-
seriously, strictly, gravely
Apparition -
ghost, devil, demon
Mortal
-
temporary, ordinary
Burglar
-
highwayman, thief, house – breaker
Notorious
-
infamous, evil – minded
Undaunted -
courageous, daring, bold
Genius
-
talented, brilliant
Chore
-
task, work
Panic
-
dread, fright
Implore
-
request, appeal
Personnel
-
staff
Strained
-
forced constrained, tense
Majesty
-
royal power, greatness, nobility
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Attitude
-
view point, mood, opinion, leaning
Attribute
-
quality, character, trait
Negotiation -
bargain, official discussion, transaction
Ragged
-
torn, tattered, patched, worn out
Deed
-
agreement
Abode
-
home, residence, dwelling, house
Own
-
possess, have, occupy
Puny
-
small, tiny, miniature
Rage
-
anger, furious, fret
Ordeal
-
sufferings, calamity, distress
Reckless
-
unmindful, foolish, thoughtless, wild
Jubilant
-
happy, mirthful, joyful merry glad,
Splendid
-
excellent, beautiful, magnificent, wonderful, unique
Bother
-
disturb, trouble, perplex, provoke
Solitude
-
alone, loneliness, seclusion, isolation
Trifle
-
little, petty, trivial, small, insignificant
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Melancholy -
sad, grief, pensive
Vision
-
forethought, sight, eyesight, view
Startle
-
surprise, wonder, astonish, amazed, shock, stun
Ominous
-
bad, gloomy, threatening, ill-fated
Abundant
-
bright, glittering, shining, twinkling, gleaming
Savior
-
god, lord
Peer
-
look, gaze, inspect
Loyal
-
obedient, faithful, trustworthy, sincere
Big
-
mammoth, large, huge
Barley
-
scarcely, hardly, inadequately, meagerly
Fringe
-
border, edge, verge, margin
Stout
-
brave, determined
Accomplish -
achieve, fulfill
Mourn
regret, show. sorrow, grieve, languish,
-
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Hapless
-
unlucky, ill-luck, ill-fated
Annihilation -
destruction, ruin
Fundamental-
basic
Obvious
-
clear
Scared
-
frightened, feared
Crest fallen -
dejected, disappointed
Immense
great, tremendous, enormous
-
Fascinated -
attracted, lured, enchanted, charmed
Oppression -
cruelty, in humanity, injustice, tyranny
****
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11. CROSS WORD Will the clues given bellow fill the following cross word puzzle with appropriate words? 1.1
1.5
1.7
1.10
1.12
2.4 3.3
3.8 - 28 -
4.1 5.1
5.8 6.8
8.1
10.2
12.1
10.7
10.2
DRAFT 12.8
Across
Down
1.1 – Synonyms for home (5) 1.7 – A journey (6) 2.4 – Small family (3) 3.8 – To elevate (5) 4.1 – First number (3) 5.1 – Look casually (6) 6.8 – Full of passenger (5) 8.1 – Create fear (8) 10.7 – Losing one’s memory (6) 12.1 – Vital gas (6) 12.8 – Leaping fire (5)
1.1 – Being proud (8) 10.2 – Put together (3) 3.3 – Quantify (7) 1.5 – A tree (3) 5.8 – Go out (4) 3.8 – Usual (7) 1.10 – Keeping away (10) 1.12 – After ten (6) 10.12 – Definite article (3)
2. 1
2
3 4 6
8
5
7 9
10 11 - 29 -
13 14
15 16
17
18
Across 1
- To make a sound louder (7)
7
-A short unit in music (3)
8
- A lot of musicians play together (9)
11
-A popular dance in 1950 (5) given in cross word
13
- To call off (6)
14
- We will begin the work……Thursday (preposition) (2)
15
- Top rock stars ….. a lot of money (verb) 4
16
- A collective word for trumpets, trombones, etc (5)
17
- A song sung by two people (4)
18
- If you want to record a song, you should make………..of good studio (3)
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Down 1
- Preposition (2)
2
- It is not stereo (4)
3
- A long playing record (given in cross word) (2)
4
- Music & paintings are examples of this (3)
5
- The maestro keeps looking at it, as he conducts orchestra (6)
6
- Another name for word instrument (5)
7
- The most famous pop group of all time (7) given in cross word
9
- Musical entertainment to audience (7)
10
-It might be a CD. Or else vinyl (6)
12
- A flutist plays but a vocalist (5)
16
- It has forms like is, am, was
Answers 1. Across
down
- 30 -
1.1
– abode
1.1
1.7
- voyage
10.2 - fix
2.4
- elf
3.3
- measure
3.8
- raise
1.5
- elm
4.1
- one
5.8
- exit
5.1
- glance
3.8
- routine
6.8
- train
1.10 - alienation
8.1
- threaten
10.7 - forget
- arrogant
DRAFT
1.12 - eleven 10.12 - the
12.1 - oxygen 12.8 - flame
2. Across
Down
1
- amplify
1
- at
7
- bar
2
- mono
8
- orchestra
3
- LP
11
- twist
4
- Art
13
- cancel
5
- Charts
14
- one
6
- organ
15
- earn
7
- Beatles
16
- brass
9
- concert
17
- duet
10
- record
18
- use
12
- sings
16
- be
12. Flow chart Read the following paragraph and complete the given following.  Gandhiji was travelling from Durban to Martiburg in South Africa. He had a first class ticket. He sat in the train after sometime a passenger came and asked him to go to other compartment. Gandhiji showed his first class ticket and refused to leave the compartment. After sometime two policemen came and forcefully pushed him out of the train. His baggage was thrown out. So Gandhiji felt very sad.
Flow Chart Gandhiji was going to 1._____________________________________ Passenger come and asked him to 2._____________________________________
DRAFT
Gandhiji refused to leave the compartment because 3._____________________________________ Two policeman came and
4._____________________________________ Gandhiji felt 5._____________________________________
Key answers 1. Martiburg 2. Go to the other compartment. 3. He had first class ticket. 4. Forcefully pushed him out. 5. very sad.
*****
- 31 -
13. Homophones Words that sound the same but have different meanings and different spellings are called homophones. E.g : 1) buy – opposite of sell By – preposition 2) peace – calmness Piece – a bit/ part of anything Fill in the blanks with appropriate words;1. We had ………many apples to carry (two / too) 2. Grandma told a ………..(storey / story) 3. I …………. A horse at the Marina Beach (rode / road) 4. The books are over ……..on the shelf (there/ their) 5. ………….received the letter (knight / night)
DRAFT
6. She …………..the news paper (red / read)
7. ‘A Hero’ is written ……..R.K Narayan (buy / by) 8. He thought ………….a plan (off / of)
9. Anselmo ………..to the office (went / vent) 10. Mr Rao is the ………..of our college (principal / principle) 11. Wait for me for half an ………….(our / hour) 12. The snake crawled into a………….(hole / whole) 13. He solved the …………..(some / sum) 14. Rama is ………… of Dasharatha (son/sun) 15. Don’t………….the time (waist / waste) 16. The cat is under the ……….(cot / caught) 17. I don’t ………..Latin (now /know) 18. Jogfall is a beautiful ……..(site/sight) 19. Today …………is good (weather / whether) 20. He gave a ………..answer(write / right) 21. Gandhiji preached truth and ……………( piece / peace)
- 32 -
22. The river changed its …………..( coarse / course) 23. Let us go to the …………(fare / fair) 24. He is a member of the municipal ……….(counsel / council) 25. Many students …………. in the streets (room / roam) 26. The poet ………….. as a cloud ( wondered / wandered) 27. The heavy rainfall ……….a large part of the state (affected / effected) 28. The monkey has a long …………(tail / tale) 29. They could not ………..the bundle (brake / break) 30. She ………..a sun (bore / boar) 31. Please open the …………..(gate / gait) 32. It is an incurable ………(disease/ decease) 33. The patient is in ………..for a week (coma / comma) 34. The police ……………. the whistle ( blew / blue) 35. She lost her ……….. in the class (dairy / diary)
DRAFT
36. The thief hid in the……… (cell / sell)
37. Don’t …………. With others affairs (medal / meddle) 38. Our office is on the third …………. Of the this building (storey / story) 39. The Sahara is the largest …………(desert / dessert) 40. The cricket ……….won the trophy ( team / teem) 41. One must be loyal to …………country ( once / one’s) 42. He was released on …………( bale / bail) 43. He bought ………….dress ( bridal / bridle) 44. The wages of the …………..have been raised (minors / miners) 45. Education plays an important ……….. ( role / roll) 46. He was the ……….. chief – minister of Karnataka ( former / former) 47. He gave me …….. for Rs 10000 (check / cheque) 48. He …………..at me ( gaged / gazed) 49. We should not …………the best friends (loose / lose) 50. The patient needs fresh……… ( air / ear) 51. Please convey me ……….to my parents ( compliments / complement)
- 33 -
Answers 1. Too 2. Story 3. Rode 4. There 5. Knight 6. Read - 34 -
7. By 8. Of 9. Went 10. Principal 11. Hour 12. Hole 13. Sum 14. Son 15. Waste 16. Cot 17. Know 18. Sight 19. Weather 20. Right 21. Peace 22. Course 23. Fair 24. Counsil 25. Roam 26. Affected 27. Tail 28. Break 29. Bore
DRAFT
30. Gate 31. Disease 32. Coma 33. Blew 34. Diary 35. Cell 36. Meddle - 35 -
37. Storey 38. Desert 39. Team 40. One’s 41. Bail 42. Bridal 43. Miners 44. Role 45. Former 46. Cheque
DRAFT
47. Gazed 48. Lose 49. Air
50.air
51.compliments
****
14. Unseen passage Read the passage and answer the questions. The baby bomb was dropped on the densely populated industrial town of Hiroshima in Japan on 6th August 1945. The city of Hiroshima was flattened. At least 78.000 people possible many thousands more were killed or fatally injured. As great a number were injured and all their dwelling were damaged or destroyed. The city’s military garrison was wiped out. Only a handful of doctors remained alive and most hospitals medical supplies ever destroyed. Citizens of neighboring towns described the burned, living and dead as no longer recognizably human with their flesh raw and blackened, their hair gone and the features melted on their faces. It was the most shocking sight man had ever witnessed. 1. The passage is about a ______________ (fill in the blanks) 2. Where did the incident take place?
DRAFT
3. What had happened to the militancy garrison? 4. The survivors couldn’t be given medical help. Why do you think so? Key Answers. 1. Effect of war / bomb. 2. Hiroshima in Japan. 3. Wiped out. 4. A handful of doctors remained alive. Passage 2.(For exercise) A poor little girl was walking along the lonely deserted road. She was wearing a worn out dress and her feet bare. She had been asked by her father to sell boxes of matches and to bring home the money. The girls pocket was full of unsold boxes of matches. She did not want to go home because father would beat her for not bringing back any money. Sadly she lit one match after another. Suddenly the figure of her grandmother who had died a year before appeared in front of her smiling
- 36 -
happily. As the last flaming match was beginning to die out, her grandmother took her in her arms and carried her up to the heavens. The next morning the passersby found the frozen girl lying in the ice with a pretty smile on her lips. Her burnt matches lay scattered all around her. 1. What work did the father give her? 2. Where was the girl at the beginning of the story? 3. Why did the girl not want to go home? 4. What did the grandmother do to the child?
****
DRAFT
- 37 -
15. Phrasal verbs These are combinations of verbs and prepositions where in individual meanings of the contributing verb and the particle totally different from the meaning of the phrase are so formed. The same verb used when in combination with different particle (prepositions) would have different meanings and would need to be used in opt contexts. Sl. No.
- 38 -
Verb
Preposition
Put
In
1.
Adverbial
Usage in a sentence
meaning Contribute
She put in her best effort. They put away their
2.
Put
Away
Keep aside
books after doing their home work.
3.
Put
On
4.
Set
-
You could put on your
DRAFT
pink address.
Right adverbial
We tried to set the those
meaning (correct)
right
Wear
We set off on a 5.
Set
Off
Go away
mountaineering expedition.
Phrasal verbs are very often have an idiomatic meaning. Phrasal verbs are based on monosyllabic roots of German origin belonging to the following types. Motion
-
bring, carry etc.
Rest
-
sit, stand etc.
Affect
-
cut, kick, scrape etc.
Give
-
give, get, have etc.
Making
-
put, make, let etc.
1. I was so hungry, I could eat a mango.
2. She is older than the hills. 3. I could sleep for a year. I was so tired.
I. Choose the correct phrase and fill in the blanks;1. She ___________ tuberculosis (recovered by/ recovered from). 2. He ____________the term of the contract finally (agreed to / agreed of). 3. What time does Preetham ____________from work? (get back / get down) 4. The tires had ____________ (worn on / worn out)? 5. He will ____________my house work (helps me up / help me with). 6. He could not __________Spanish (make in / make out). 7. He ____________bad habits (give in / give up). 8. The sweets were _____________at the end of the program (given away / given out). 9. He was _____________with great care (brought on / brought up).
DRAFT
10. The car __________in the middle of the journey (broke up / broke down). 11. I left my mobile phone on the train, luckily, I __________from a passenger. (Got it with / got it back.)
12. Aero plane ____________ on the right time (took on / took off). 13. When teacher entered the class, all the students __________ (stood on / stood up). 14. The Head master ______________peon (called for / called off). 15. He __________the tree (fell from / fell off). 16. The ship __________storm (ran into / ran unto). 17. She is _____________English (good in / good at). 18. They are _______________smokes (afraid of / afraid off). 19. He is ______movies (fond to / fond of). 20. Cricket team is ___________eleven players (consisted with / consisted of).
- 39 -
Key answers 1. Recovered from.
11. Got it back
2. Agreed to.
12. Took off.
3. Get back.
13. Stood up.
4. Worn out
14. Called for.
5. Help me with.
15. Fell off.
6. Make out.
16. Ran into.
7. Give up.
17. Good at.
8. Given away.
18. Afraid of.
9. Brought up.
19. Fond of.
10. Broke down.
20. Consisted of.
****
DRAFT
- 40 -
16. Language Functions. We use language to communicate while communicating we structure the language to express our intention or purpose. The purpose for which the language is used indicates the function.
Expressions Function
Formal I’m convinced that………
Giving opinion
I consider………………… I’m of the opinion/view….. I hold the view…………… Personally I consider I should be interested to know……………………
Informal - 41 -
I think……………………. If you ask me…………… I’d say……………….. The way I see it…………..
Do you know…………….
DRAFT
Asking for
I wonder if you could tell
information
me……………………
I wonder if someone could tell me………………….
Do you happen to know…. Any idea…………………. Any clue…………………. Can you tell me ………….
I agree entirely with ……… Yes I agree how true……..
Agreeing
That’s Precisely my own
Well, that’s the thing…….
view / opinion……………
Right, I’m with you there.
I’m exactly of the same
I couldn’t agree more…….
opinion……………………. That’s what I was I think I’d accept.
thinking………………
Similarly single function may have many structures or expressions as can be seen in the seeking permission listed by Wilkins (1976). 1. Can/May I use your telephone? 2. Please let me use your telephone? 3. Is it all right to use your telephone? 4. If it’s all right with you, I’ll use your telephone? 5. Am I allowed to use your telephone? 6. Do you mind if I use your telephone? 7. Would you mind if I used your telephone? 8. You don’t mind if I use your telephone? 9. Do you mind me using your telephone? 10. I wonder if you have any objection to me using your telephone. 11. Would you permit me to use your telephone?
DRAFT
12. Would you be kind as to allow me to use your telephone? 13. Would it possible to use your telephone?
14. Do you think you could let me use your telephone? 15 Should be most grateful if you would permit me to use your telephone?
*****
- 42 -
17. The Ballad The ballad is a lyrical folk song. It is mainly sung by ministers and folk dancers. It is a simple short story in verse. The subject matter is common events and actions. The theme may be love, war, adventure, harvesting and so on‌.. Sometimes the themes are fierce or tragic. The ballad is measured in which it is written. 1
2
3
4
The ice / was here / the ice / was there. 1
2
3
The ice / was all / a round. 1
2
3
4
It cracked / and growled / and roared / and howled. 1
2
DRAFT
3
Like Nois / es in / a swound.
The first line contains four lambs and the second three, the line 1 and line 3 and 2 line 4 rhymes with each other.
*****
- 43 -
18. Auxiliaries Auxiliary verbs “Be” “Do” “Have” An auxiliary verb helps the main verb and is also called a “helping verb”. Be' form
Person Number Pronouns Singular Plural Singular Second Plural First
Third
Singular Plural
I We You You He, She, It They
Do' form
Present Past Present Past Present Past Am Was Do Did Have Had Are Were Do Did Have Had Are Were Do Did Have Had Are Were Do Did Have Had Is
Was
Does
Did
Has
Had
Are
Were
Do
Did
Have
Had
“Be” as an auxiliary verb: a. Used in progressive sentences :
DRAFT
I am taking a bath
She is preparing dinner for us
They have been studying whole night b. Used in passive sentence : I was given a free meal This song has been sung by all nations. “Do” as an auxiliary verb: a. Used in negative sentences I do not know the truth She doesn’t agree with me They did not arrive here yet b. Used in questions : Do you want to have another one? Did he finish his homework? “Have” as an auxiliary verb
Have' form
- 44 -
a. Used In perfect sentences: I have been following you for a mile She had been queen of the town
Choose the correct auxiliary verbs;1. The train ………….just arrived (have / has) 2. They ………been learning English for two years (have / has) 3. My uncle …………..not eat fish now a days (does / did) 4. ………….anybody rings up for me? (do / did) 5. She ………….not play the Piano (do / does) 6. I …………….not working today ( is / am) 7. The boy ……………playing with his toys (is / are) 8. What ………….you doing at the moment (are / is) 9. The first innings ………..very interesting (was / were)
DRAFT
10. Neither the children nor their mothers ……………..admitted in hospital (was / were)
11. Everyone of the boys …………….sitting silent in the hall (was /.were) 12. Every leaf ……………fallen from this tree (has / have) 13. Either Amrutha or her friends ………taken it (have / has) 14. Each of the boys ……….done his homework (has / have) 15. Ram as well as sham ………..intelligent (is / are) 16. One of the boys ………..punished (was / were) 17. Bread and butter ………….his daily diet (was / were) 18. His father and uncle …………their own businesses (has / have)
Verbs :talking about the future. Will
-
life will be very different in a hundred years.
Shall
-
we shall get in this rain.
- 45 -
Going to
-
Are you going to take a picnic?
Going to
-
I’m going to read this book.
Be + to
-
I’m American president is to visit India.
Be+ about to -
I’m about to leave the home station.
Will + have + ed form: I have some work to do but I’ll have finished it by about eight.
Uses of will and shall. Future
-
Meeting will be on 12th next month.
Deciding
-
I think I’ll buy it.
Requests
-
will you shut the window please?
Invitations -
will you please visit the training centre?
Promises
-
I will write I promise.
Refusing
-
Certainty
-
DRAFT
The car won’t start what’s wrong with it?
I sent the parcel last week. So they’ll have it by now.
Strict orders -
you’ll do as I tell you.
*****
- 46 -
19. Prepositions At - 8’o’ clock 10.30
I go to school at 9’o’ clock. The hospital closes at 5.30 P.M.
Mid night
On- Monday
In-
Good bye! see you on Monday.
25th April
I don’t come on Wednesday.
New years Day
The drama is on 22 November.
April / June
I am going to Hyderabad in October.
1985 / 1750
I was working here in 1998.
Summer / spring /
Madikeri is lovely in rainy season.
Rainy season From-
DRAFT
I lived in Bangalore from 2010 to 2014
Until + end of a period The MLA is going to Bangalore. He will be there until Monday
Since + a time in the past ( to now) Since Monday, since 1975, since 2.30. John has been in Chikamagalur since Monday. Mr. and Mrs. Rao have been living since 1968 in Bangalore. For-a period of time Ravi studied in this school for three years. I am going out of station for a few weeks. In, on, at (places) in bed
at home
on a bus
in hospital
at office
on the first floor
- 47 -
in the sky
at station
on the way
in a car
at friends house
To
Under
By
to Belur
under the table
by the window
to the airport
under the tree
by the door
Above and Below A
A is above the line
________ B
B is below the line.
Exercises 1. The dog swam………….the river. 2. The book fell …………the shelf.
DRAFT
3. The car came ………….the corner. 4. They got ………………the train.
5. They went ………the house ……..the window. 6. I looked …………the window.
7. Do you know how to put a film ……….this camera? 8. In volleyball you have to hit the ball ……the net. 9. The photo is hanged ………….the wall. 10. I am not going out this afternoon, I am staying ………home. 11. Next month we hope to go ………Mysore. 12. I went …………Sagar’s house yesterday. 13. Don’t sit …………the floor. 14. What is there ……………your bag. 15. There are lots of fish …………this river. 16. My brother lives ………Bangalore. 17. There is a small park …………the top of the hill.
- 48 -
To ``
Mysore
going to mysore.
From
Bangaluru
Coming from Bangaluru
In to
__ - - - - - - - - -
---------
We jumped in to the water.
Up We walked up the hill.
Down Don’t fall down the stairs.
DRAFT
Over The Aeroplane flew over the mountain.
Across The bridge is built across the river.
Through We went through the city.
- 49 -
Round The new road goes round the village. The car came round the corner.
Along I was walking along the road. -
------------------- - -
- 50 -
Under
o The ball is under the table
DRAFT
*****
20. Conjunctions A conjunction is a word that joins two or more words, phrases or clauses. Words: tired but happy Phrases: by the river or near the lake Clauses: the lion roared and the mouse ran. Coordinating Conjunctions: these can be remembered as “fan boys” – For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so,
- 51 -
Subordinating Conjunctions: A - After, although, as, as if, as soon as B - Because, before, by the time E - Even if, even though I – if, in case S – Since, so that
DRAFT
T – Than, that, though, till U – Unless, until
W – When, whenever, where, wherever, while
Correlative Conjunctions: both----and, either---- or, neither-----nor, not only but also, whether----or. Combine using linkers given in brackets:1. It rained heavily. We reached home in time (Though) 2. There is shortage of water. Some people are wasting it unthinkingly. (although) 3. There was heavy traffic. We were delayed. (since) 4. The students played for an hour. They attended to their studies later on. (And, Then) 5. We expected a difficult question paper. The questions asked in the examination were easy. (but) 6. The flight was delayed. The weather was cloudy (as) 7. The student scored less marks. He did not study properly. (because) Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunction:-
1. Receptionists must be able to relay information………….pass messages accurately.(and/but) 2. I did not go to the show ……………. I had already seen it.(because/so) 3. Keep the food covered…………the flies will contaminate it.(or/and) 4. …………he is thin, he is strong (though, as) 5. Susie………….phoned………..wrote after she left home. (either--or, neither---nor) 6. She had an unpleasant experience……….she was in Thailand (while, because) 7. That must be the place ………..the bird of happiness lives (where, when) 8. I did not sell the trees……….I could not, they are not mine (because, since)
Key answers 1. Has
-
III P – Singular
2. Have
-
III P – Plural
3. Does
-
Present tense
4. Did
-
Past tense – Question
5. Does
-
III P- Singular
6. Am
-
I Person
7. Is
-
III P-singular
8. Are
-
II Person
9. Was
-
Singular
10. Were
-
Plural
11. Was
-
Everyone - Singular
12. Has
-
Every - Singular
13. Have
-
Friends - Plural
14. Has
-
Each - Singular
15. Is
-
III Person-Singular
16. Was
-
One of - Singular
17. Was
-
Singular
18. Have
-
Plural
DRAFT
- 52 -
21. The Regular Comparison of Adjectives.(Degrees of comparison) 1. Cheap. 2. Expensive. 3. Tall. 4. Long. 5. Big.
- 53 -
6. Happy. I. This radio is cheap. A
B
Radio picture
Radio picture
1200Rs.
3800Rs.
DRAFT
1. Radio ‘A’ is cheaper than Radio B 2. [Petrol] Expensive [Vegetables].
“Petrol is more expensive than the vegetables”.
3.
Mohan
Darshan.
Darshan is taller than Mohan. Mohan is shorter than Darshan 4. [A-Bridge picture short]
B is longer than A.
[B-Bridge picture long]
Diagrams 1. Look at the two symbols, write a sentence using smaller than based on what you see. Symbol ‘A: __
@
symbol B: _@_
2. Look at the two circles. Write a sentence using bigger than based on what you see.
B
A
DRAFT
3. look at the two ladders write a sentence using ‘Taller Than’ based on what you see.
Ladder-A
Ladder-B
4. Look at the two arrows, write a sentence using ‘Shorter Than’ based on what you see.
Arrow- A
Arrow-B
*****
- 54 -
22. Format of Admission Form Name of the institution: Name of the student: Date of birth: Father’s name………………………
Education……………
Mother’s name ……………………..... Education…………… Occupation: Father………………….. Income………………
- 55 -
Mother………………….. Income………………… Number of dependents: Nationality, Caste, Religion:…………………………. Whether SC / ST:…………………………… Permanent Address:………………………. Details of school studied:………………….
DRAFT
Name of the school
Class
Year
Language studied: Core subject: Medium : Please
admit
my
son /
daughter
to
your
school
for
………..STD
…………..medium. Sign of parent
Sign of student
1.Imagine you are booking a ticket to visit Bangalore. Give the details in the following reservation form.
- 56 -
DRAFT
2. Imagine you are booking a ticket to visit Mysore. Give the details in the following Reservation Form
- 57 -
DRAFT
23. WORD MAZE Look for words in the maze, which matches with the given meaning, one is done for you.
A
Y
Z
W
T
D
Y
G
F
E
K
S
W
F
H
R
T
Y
A
T
L
A
S
D
H
O
X
V
E
U
M
J
B
L
R
S
I
R
B
Z
A
A
T
W
C
L
E
Q
L
P
O
L
C
A
G
A
V
L
P
K
O
S
U
B
H
I
H
J
B
J
S
L
C
Q
G
H
E
S
I
A
T
D
W
O
E
D
H
Y
R
H
T
K
U
I
N
R
D
N
T
A
R
I
G
N
M
P
Z
D
DRAFT E
R
F
L
E
M
Y
M
O
B
L
E
F
N
S
T
Q
G
P
R
Q
P
O
M
Across: 1. The book of maps ( line – 2) 2. Opposite of ‘noble’ ( line – 10) Down: 3. One who teaches ( line – 5) 4. Past form of ‘buy’ (line – 3) Diagonally: 5. It is the furniture ( done for you)
- 58 -
A
W
C
E
G
I
H
F
Z
D
B
S
R
W
X
Y
O
M
E
R
C
Y
M
E
J
T
C
J
S
B
H
O
R
C
Z
A
H
S
I
R
Y
Z
V
Q
H
S
G
A
R
R
T
U
Y
P
P
E
O
R
C
H
A
R
D
Z
I
W
D
M
F
W
E
G
D
W
E
X
E
R
D
Y
J
P
G
W
Z
Y
R
C
P
Q
A
S
K
E
Q
N
O
G
J
R
D
O
P
S
R
A
L
I
R
S
Q
H
M
M
P
M
N
O
Across:
DRAFT
1. Synonym for kindness 2. The place where are lot of fruit trees (line – 6) Down: 3. Unpleasant (line - 2) 4. Torn, tattered ( line – 7) Diagonally: 5. Royal power.
- 59 -
24. Writing Completion of Dialogue I. Rewrite the sentences by using the clue given and identify the language function: Ex : please return my library books. Begin with ‘will’: Will you please return my library books Function: seeking permission. - 60 -
The files are heavy I’ll carry them for you. Begin with ‘would’ ………………….. Function: ……………………….. II. Complete the conversation with modal auxiliary: Raju: can you come with me to the market? Ravi: No I can’t a. Can
DRAFT
b. Can’t c. Won’t d. Don’t Raju: Why can’t you come?
Ravi: I …………go to driving class. a. Can
b. has
c. must
d. have
III. Complete the following Dialogue: Imagine you are Raju write a dialogue convincing your father to take you to Dasara. Ex: Raju : father, where shall we go for the coming vacation? Father: I have no idea. Raj : Shall we go to Dasara. Father: What’s there to see in Dasara. Raju: We can see elephant carnival, palaces, exhibition and many more. Father: Yes, this seems better. We’ll go to Dasara. Raju: Thank you, father.
Imagine you are Harish. Write a dialogue asking permission from the Headmaster to attend your sister’s marriage.
Profile writing Given below is a profile of Mr. Prasanna, assistant in an office. Name:
Mr. Prasanna
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Age: Around 50 years Education: Graduate Height & weight: 5 feet, solid built. Family:
Small, one male and a female
Reason for popularity: Helpful, kind hearted Hobbies:
Gardening, stamp collection, reading books.
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The above information is given in the form of paragraph: Mr. Prasanna is 50 years old is an assistant in an office. He is a 5 feet tall and has solid built physique. He is a graduate having a small family a son and daughter. He is kind hearted, helpful and known for his generosity. His hobbies are gardening, stamp collection and reading books.
Dialogue Writing Arun and Prveen are on a visit to Mysore Zoo. They want to get some information from the staff. Some hints are given to help you to ask question and get answers. Ticket counter, Drinking water, Anaconda, Crocodiles, Refreshments, African elephant. Describe the experience at the zoo to your brother. (Elder brother: Arun younger brother: Harish) Harish: Brother, you visited the zoo yesterday. Will you give me some information about zoo?
Arun: Ok. With pleasure Harish: where can we get the tickets? Arun: There is a ticket counter at the left of the entrance. Harish: What can we see at first? Arun: You can see anaconda at the first near the drinking water counter. Harish: Are there bigger crocodiles? Arun: Yes, we find many types of crocodiles, both big and small Harish: Where can we view the African elephants closely? Arun: We can view them closely near by a refreshment counter. Harish: Thank you, brother for giving me helpful information.
Writing notices 1. Write a notice to the students for the payment of examination fees. All the 10th standard students are hereby informed to pay the exam fees with
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in 30-03-2015 at the office counter without fail. Date: 15/03/2015
Head Master Signature
2. Write a notice to the public not to enter the stadium after 8 pm to 5 am The public are hereby noticed not to enter the stadium after 8:00 pm to 5:00 to stop the illegal activities. Those who disobey the notice are punishable under the prohibition act 01/1998. Date: 20-08-14 Deputy Commissioner Signature
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Advertisements 1. “Rain slashes Hassan” Hassan: 25-09-2014 The heavy rain slashed yesterday in Hassan. The down pour started at 4 pm to 7 pm. The roads were submerged in water. Many vehicles on the roadside were drowned. It is a record since 21 years. - 63 -
2. “Mega Rajasthan sale” Hassan: 20-09-2014 “Buy one get one free” Offer only for 2 days Place: Slater’s hall. R C road, Hassan “Rajasthani Kurtas, carpets, dress materials, blankets, bedsheet with pillows and many more household articles are available.”
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3. “14 thousand teacher will be recruited within November” Education minister. The Education Minister told the media that there will be 14 thousand teacher recruitment. Within November on the inauguration of Vidya Bhavan, Banglore.
E – Mail writing Ex: you want to convey message to your friend about your visit to Kanyakumari. How would you sent it in a message format? Write an e – mail by using the following clues. The date you set sail Places of visit Talks you listened to
People you met Weather you had felt.
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Writing Dialogues In the present 10th std. Text book, the following functions of language are used for writing dialogues. 1. Accepting Invitation. 2. Refusing Invitation. 3. Expressing Sympathy. 4. Seeking Opinion. - 65 -
5. Expressing Gratitude. 6. Narrating. 7. Seeking Permission. 8. Seeking Information. 9. Persuading.
Sample Dialogues.
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Situation - 01- (Accepting invitation) Imagine that you are Pavan and your friend Vikas invites you to watch a movie. Accept his invitation. Pavan : Hi, Vikas, how are you? Vikas : Hi . I’m quite Ok. How nice to see you here. Pavan : By the by Vikas, I’m planning to watch a movie this evening. How about you joining me? Vikas : Oh! Why not. Actually you have snatched my idea. Pavan : Is it ? how fantastic. Let’s enjoy the evening them. Vikas : Ok Pavan let’s do enjoy .Bye. (Snatched my idea =have the same idea)
Situation-0-(Seeking permission) Imagine that you are Sneha ask your teacher’s permission to be on leave to look after your sick mother at home. Sneha : Good evening sir Teacher : Good evening. What brings you’re here?
Sneha : Sir ….My mother is sick at home ,so…… Teacher : So……? What do you expect from me? Sneha : Sir, please permit me to have leave for two days. Teacher : Two days ? Why? Sneha : Sir actually there is no one at home to look after her, That’s why I need your kind permission sir. Teacher : Ok, go ahead. - 66 -
Sneha : Thank you sir. Exercise: Your friend met with an accident and hospitalized. You have to sympathize him / her. Write short dialogue using the above situation. (Phrases in text book page – 36)
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25. Dictionary work Rearrange the following in the alphabetical order;1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Argue, accept, agree, account. Beat, board, boast, boat. Crest, create, creep, credit. Dream, dreadful, dreadlock, dress. Emigrate, emotion, empire, eminence. Flavor, favourite, flexible, flesh Gracious, graceful, graduation, gradual. Humanity, humorous, humility, hunter. Immortal, important, impress, imitation Junction, judgment, justice, jumbled. Knight, knowledge, knives, knighthood. Liberation, liberalism, library, location. Machine, mission, market, mechanic. Noble, nominee, nomination, notice. Opponent, operation, optimistic, oppressor. Poet, point, police, pocket. Quake, quick, quarrel, quality. Report, reaction, realistic, remind. Swallow, sweetly, sweep, swimmer. Teacher, teakwood, teapot, technical. Ultimatum, unanimous, undertake, unbelievable. Vaccinate, vanish, vacation, vagabond. Wallpaper, walkman, warden, wonder. Xylophone, x-mas, Xerox, xenophobia. Yesteryear, yesterday, yellowish, yearbook. Zoom, zoology, zodiac, zone. Emerge, attribute, educate, attention. Absent, object, adjust, obedient. Manager, messenger, major, master. Dedicate, defeat, determine, dead.
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Answers
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Accept, account, agree, argue. Beat, board, boast, boat. Crest, create, creep, credit. Dreadful, dreadlock, dream, dress. Emigrate, eminence, emotion, empire. Favourite, flavor, flesh, flexible. Graceful, gracious, gradual, graduation. Humanity, humility, humorous, hunter Imitation, immortal, important, impress. Judgment, jumbled, junction, justice. Knight, knighthood, knives, knowledge. Liberalism, liberation, library, location Machine, market, mechanic, mission. Noble, nomination, nominee, notice. Operation, opponent, oppressor, optimistic. Pocket, poet, point, police. Quake, quality, quarrel, quick. Reaction, realistic, remind, report. Swallow, sweep, sweetly, swimmer. Teacher, teakwood, teapot, technical. Ultimatum, unanimous, unbelievable, undertake. Vacation, vaccinate, vagabond, vanish. Walkman, wallpaper, warden, wonder. Xenophobia, Xerox, x-mas, xylophone. Yearbook, yellowish, yesterday, yesteryear. Zodiac, zone, zoology, zoom. Attention, attribute, educate, emerge. Absent, adjust, obedient, object. Major, manager, master, messenger. Dead, dedicate, defeat, determine.
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26. Phonetics A correspondence between the sound and the symbol used to represent it in writing. Unfortunately, is not perfect for any language, and indeed in the case of a language like English, it is far from satisfactory. Because of such a mismatch between spelling and sound, a learner of a language like English cannot be sure of how to pronounce a word that he encounters for the first time in the written from. Nor can he be sure of how a new word heard by him would be spelt. The latter is as much a problem of a child whose mother tongue is English as a anther learner of English. Ways to overcome the problem: To overcome the problem discussed above, a need had been felt to evolve an alphabet in which words of any language could be written unambiguously. One such alphabet, which is used very extensively by phoneticians all over the world. The International Phonetic Alphabet (or IPA) devised by the international phonetic association. It is claimed to have symbols to represent all the sounds that exist in the
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languages of the world: it can therefore be used to transcribe words of any language, i.e., to write them down more or less as one pronounces them. There are several varieties of English – British English, American English, Australian English, Canadian English, etc. in India, for academic purpose, we follow R.P. (received pronunciation) the variety of English spoken by the educated class in the southern part of England, around London. The phoneme: Every language has a large number of vowel and consonant forming the sound system of that language. These sounds can be grouped into a limited number of distinctive sound units and these sound units are called the phonemes of the language. English in R P has 44 phonemes in its sound system (but only 26 letters of alphabet).
The vowels of R.P: How many vowels are there in English? The very apt answer is five. We at this stage, must be very clear that there are five vowel letters in English – a, e, I, o, and u;
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but there are twenty vowel sounds (or vowels phonemes, to be precise) made up of twelve pure vowels or monophthongs and eight vowel glides or diphthongs. These are listed below, along with examples that illustrate their occurrence in the initial, medial and final positions. A blank space in the table indicates the nonoccurrence of a vowel. MONOPHTHONGS: Vowel
Initial
Medial
Final
/ i: /
east
seen
key
/I/
it
hit
duty
/e/
end
lend
/ ae /
and
land
/ a: /
arm
harm
/p/
on
cot
/c/
All
caught
//
Put
/:/
Ooze
chose
//
Up
cup
/3:/
earn
turn
sir
/e/
Ago
police
tailor
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car
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saw
shoe
DIPHTHONGS: /ei/
eight
straight
stray
/aI/
ice
mice
my
/ci/
Oil
boil
boy
/eu/
Oak
joke
slow
/re/
Out
shout
how
/re/
Ear
beard
clear
/ee/
Air
shared
/ue/
Cured
poor
care
Of the 12 monophthongs, 7 are shot: / I, e, ae, p, u, u, v, e / And 5 long: / I; a; c; u; 3; / Diphthongs are all long vowels. Before we discuss vowel phonemes in detail, let’s repeat a few very important pieces of information we have done so far. - 71 -
R.P (44 phonemes)
Consonants
vowels
(24)
(20)
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Pure vowels/
Diphthongs/
Monophthongs
vowel glides
(12)
Short vowels (7)
(8)
Long vowels (5)
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GROUP TASK Group 1: Ask five / six members in your group to say the vowels and identify the vowels that they are not able to discriminate while producing (speaking). Also analyze the reasons for it. Group 2: Read the following paragraph and identify the words which have the following - 77 -
diphthongs/ monophthongs. /3:/ /e/ /I / / / Earlier most of our students depended on the teacher in the classroom for a rice variety of exposure to language. But nowadays they have technology by them. Learners in the classroom, if they are equipped with those skills required to them to use the computer, can find the CDs that accompany some dictionaries in the market coming to their rescue. To all boys and girls in the classroom a dictionary with a CD
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may be a near and dear companion. They can also become more appropriate in their use of language. Group 3:
Design three tongue-twisters for practicing the sounds a. / p /
/ c: /
b. / ci /
/ Ie/
c. / ee /
/ ue /
Group 4: Compare the vowels in Kannada with those in English and try to identify the vowel sounds in English that may be problematic for the learners. Consonants: Consonants are speech sounds during the articulation of which there is either a complete or a partial closure of the air passage through the mouth./ p / is a consonant because during its articulation the two lips are in firm contact with each other and thus there is a total obstruction of the oral air passage.
27. Reported speech Reporting verbs: “There’s a game this evening” Mohan says. 1. Statements: Raju tells, “The training begins at 8 O clock”. ‘Say and tell’ are reporting verbs which report.
Statements or thoughts’ The reporting verb (eg says) usually comes before
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The reporting clause (there is a game this evening.)
2. Reporting in the present tense:Chethan is reading Suman’s letter and reporting what he reads to a friend. 1. “I’m
having
a
great
time
in
America”
Chethan
says.
Suman says he is having a great time in America.
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2. My girl friend likes it here, too (change into reported speech). _________________________________________________ (He mentions that his girl friend likes it there too). 3. We’ll be home next Tuesday _________________________ (He says that they’ll be home later. )
1. When the reporting verb is in the present tense (says, mentions) then the tense of the verbs in indirect reported speech (I’m having, likes, I’ll be) does not change. 2. Sometimes pronouns, adjectives and adverbs change in reported speech. Eg. I-He, My-his, Here-there.
Reporting in the past tense. Manoj is reporting Babu’s words to Raju. 1. We need Raju. Mohan said that they needed you. 2. I’m starting a coaching class. He told me he was starting a coaching class. 3. I haven’t found anyone who can teach He said that he hadn’t found anyone who could teach. 4. I’ll be at the training center. He told me that he would be at the training centre.
Reported speech I. Reporting orders and requests. 1. We report orders with tell + object + infinitive. “Take the pills before meals”
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The doctor told me to take the pills before meals. 2. “you mustn’t smoke”
He told me not to smoke. 3. I was told to take the pills before meals”. You were asked not to take the pills. 4. Can I have some water please? He/ she asked if he could have some water.
II. Reporting suggestions advise etc. Suggestions: let’s go out. Teacher suggested going out. Advice: you’d better phone the police. Mr. X advised me to phone the police. Warnings: Don’t be late. I warned you not to be late. Threats: if you don’t go I’ll call the police.
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I threatened to call the police. Promises: I’ll send you a post card. He promised to send us a post card. Invitations: ‘would you like to have lunch with us? The guest invited us to lunch.
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28. LETTER WRITING Letter is a media for communication. Types of letter a) Personal letter
c. Complaint Letter
b) Official letter
d. Application Letter - 81 -
Parts of a Letter 1
From address
2
To address
3
Salutation (respected sir)
4
Subject of the letter
5
Body of the letter
6
Complementary close (yours faithfully)
7
Signature
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OFFICIAL LETTER FORMAT Step-1 Address of the writer (FROM) ……………………………….. ……………............................... ……………………………… Date
Step- 2 ‘To’ Address ……………………….…… …………………………….. ……………………………..
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Step -3 (Respected sir / Madam)
Step - 4 Subject : Regarding ………………………………………………………….
Step-5
Thanking you
step-6&7 yours faithfully
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OFFICIAL LETTER Imagine that you are Shanthi / Shivanna, 10th std, G.H.S Hulikal. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper about the roads and drainage system in your locality. From, Shanthi, 10th standard Govt high school, hulikal Date To, The Editor, Deccan Herald, Bangalore.
Respected sir ,
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Sub : “Regarding bad condition of Roads�
There are four main roads and ten bye lanes in our village. The roads have not been swept for nearly one month. Flies and mosquitoes have been haunting us. I request you to draw the attention of concerned authorities to get the roads swept without fail. Thanking you Yours faithfully, Shanthi/Shivanna
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APPLICATION LETTER FORMAT Address of the writer (From) ………………………….….… ……………………………….. ………………………………..
To address, ………………….……. ……………………….. ………………….…….
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Step-3 (Respected Sir/Madam) Step-4 Subject : ……………………………………………………………………
I have passed the S.S.L.C examination in April -___________
Thanking you,
Place :
Yours obediently
Date :
xyz
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APPLICATION LETTER
Imagine that you are Ramya / Ranjith Studied in Government high school Hulikal. Write a letter to Your
Head Master requesting to issue Transfer
Certificate.
From, Ramya D/o Mohan Hulikal To, The Head Master, Govt High School, Hulikal.
Respected sir,
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Sub : Requesting to issue T.C
I have passed the S.S.L.C Examination in April this year, in first class, with register no-F1578736. I wish to continue my studies at Vivekananda college, Bangalore, I request you to kindly issue me the transfer certificate. I have returned all the books I had borrowed from the school library.
Thanking you, Yours Faithfully Ramya Place : Hulikal Date :
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PERSONAL LETTER FORMAT
From ………………………… …………………………. Date……………………. My dear. _________
I am fine, I expect the same from you, I am studying very well
DRAFT Yours lovingly XYZ
To, …………………………. ………………………… ………………………….
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PERSONAL LETTER Imagine that you are Jyothi / Prasad studying in 10th Std, Government High School Tiptur. Write a letter to your Father requesting him to send Rs. 500 / buy stationery things. From, Jyothi, Govt high school Tiptur ,
My dear father,
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Date :
I am fine, I expect the same from you. I am studying well. The teacher has informed us buy 10-two hundred page notebooks and 8-hundred page notebooks. I need Rs. 500/ will you send the amount to enable me to buy notebooks.
Yours lovingly Jyothi/Prasad
To, Ananda Kallappashetty garden, Tiptur-572201
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29.The Active and the Passive voice I.The passive - simple Tenses. The simple present tense.
1. Active
: The cleaners / empty / the bins / every day.
Passive: The bins are emptied by the cleaners/ everyday. - 88 -
2. Active voice : Does the manager lock the door? Passive
: Is the door locked by the manager?
3. Active voice Passive voice
: People heard the bomb five miles away. : The bomb was heard by the people five miles away.
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4. Did the bomb injure many people? Were many people Injured?
Active : How much has the government spent on them? How much the government has been spent on them?
III. The Passive will and other modal verbs. From: After modal verbs we use be + past participle to form the passive. Break fast will be brought to your room Meals cannot be served after 11.00 p.m. Your key should be given in before 11.30.am. IV. It + Passive verb + clause. 1. Active: people say that the company is in difficulties. Passive: It is said that company is in difficulties.
2. Active: They decided to appoint a new manager.
Passive: It was decided to appoint a new manager.
Use:- we can use [It] and the passive voice. 1. Before a clause with that, we can use these verbs. Say, think, feel, believe, know, expect, suppose, and report.
2. Before an Infinitive we can use these verbs, agree, decide, arrange. - 89 -
***
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30.THE TENSES
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29. S.S.L.C. Examination Model Question paper Second language English Marks:80
Time: 3 Hours
General Instructions: Attempt all questions 15 minutes is allotted a cool off time. Your are not allowed to write during the cool off time.
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Read the instructions and questions carefully. Section ‘A’ (prose, poetry, supplementary reading and vocabulary) I. Four alternatives are given for each of the following questions/incomplete statements. Write the correct or the most appropriate answer in the space provided. 1. The gentleman, Don Anselmo, was very fond of __________________ a. Children. b. The land.
c. Money.
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2. Wangjia was sent by the folic for some purpose. It was_______________ a. To meet the monsters.
c. to meet the bird of happiness.
b. To get on a long journey
d. to learn more about the word.
3. ‘Discipline is a thing of the past, sir, it’s you or us’ who said this_______________ a. Franciso.
c. Juan patino.
b. Guillermo ires.
D. Pedro qutirrez.
II. Answer the following questions in 2 or 3 sentences each.
2x4=8
4. In the darkness Swamy felt something was moving down. What did he do then? 5. Satish saw a bird through the window. How did the bird appear to him? 6. Smitha, on seeing the newspaper, almost shouted with excitement why she did react so? 7. What reward does a scientist get the study of science? How is it different from those of lawyers and business people in this respect?
Read the following extracts and answer the question give (qn.8,9 and 10). 8. There was nothing we could do, legally we owned the tress, but the old man had been so generous refusing what amounted to a fortune for him. It took most of the following winter to buy the trees. a. Who were the legal owners of the trees after the deed was signed? 1x1=1 - 94 -
b. Who refused to take more money? Why? 2x1=2 9. Looking at him defiantly in the face wangjia replied, “you can shout for all your are worth! But I m fond of my own grandpa, and I’ll never kill another man’s” a. Who was wangjia talking to?
1
b. What had the child done?
2
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10. “what ! does that child stand between me and death?” said Columbus a. When did Columbus say this? b. What had the child done?
11. After Roma made a full recovery, Baleshwar met her. Briefly describle how Roma thanked him, and what Baleshwar said in reply.
4
(In about 8-10 sentences) Or “Satish Gujral became a great artist” support this statement mentioning a few of his Achievements. (In about 8-10 sentences) POETRY 12. How, according to the poet, can we better the world? The poet says we can do with ___________(chose the most appropriate one and fill in the blank). 1 a. Song
c. dance.
b. Joy
d. wine.
13. What power of the king dose his scepter stand for?
1
(answer in a word / a phrase / a sentence). 14. ‘I wait….’ Is repeated in the poem “I am the land”. What feeling or the quality of the speaker is expressed through this repetition?
1
Answer the following in 2-3 sentences each. 15. What is uncommon about the desire or the quality of the grand mother? How does the poet term this uncommon quality or desire?
2
16. Give at least two descriptions of the jazz player to show that he is sad while not playing the instrument.
2
17. The sailors in the ‘Ballad of the Tempest’ shuddered in silence. When did they do so?
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18. Read the following extract, and answer the questions “There won’t be any calendar _______day light will be on the switch and winter under lock”
a. Why are calendars useless in the outer space?
1
b. ‘Winter under lock’ what does this mean?
2
19. Quote from memory the eight lines of the poem beginning with O say…………………………………. ……………………………………….. ……………………………………….. ………………………………………..Day or night? Or How does the speaker in the court try to convince sky lock that mercy is twice blessed and is a divine quality? Write briefly in about 8 sentences. Supplementary reading Answer the following in about 4-6 sentences each.
4
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20. Why were the students marching in the street? Why was it termed uncommon? Or When did Dicky Dolma climb Mt. Everest? How does she describe this achievement? 21. Hanifuddin had to battle with hardships right from his early age. Give a few Examples to illustrate this - 96 -
Or “Dr. Ambedkar was a voracious reader�. Give some examples to support this Statement.
2
22. Combine the word in column A with its collective word in B
1
A Curly
B
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(hair, journey, man, fight)
23. Write the opposites of these word a. True
1
/2x2=1
b. End
24. The spelling of a word is jumbled write the word TORAC
1
25. Which one of these words has only one syllable? Tick it Ago, school, survey, topper
1
SECTION-B Reading Read the passage and answer the question (26-29) Charlie Chaplin (Charles Spencer chaplin) was bron on 16th April at kennington in London. At an early age, Charlie performed on stage with his father and brother, Sydney. By the age of eighth, Charlie chaplin was already a seasoned stage performer. His skill as a comedian developed under the guidance of fred karno. 26. Who is the paragraph about?
1
27. Which sentence in the paragraph suggests that he was born in a family of actors. Write that sentence.
1
28. Charlie chaplin was a great comedian (true / false) tick the right one
1
29. Who was his tutor in the art of acting?
1
30. A dialogue is given below. Read it and answer the questions that follow (questions 30,31) Father: father, I suggest we sell the - 97 -
Land Grandfather: (keeps silent for a moment) No, we should not Father: But, why? Grandfather: it is inherited it’s my prized possession The silence of the grandfather. Suggests his_______________ willingness / unwillingness to sell the land
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1
(tick the right underlined word).
31. Which word in the conversation above means ‘property’?
1
32. Look at the two lines. Write a sentence using ‘longer than’ based on what you see Line A x____________x line B x__________x 3cms
1
5cms
33. The aero plane took off/took on at the right time
1
(Tick the right phrase and write is separately).
WRITING 34. A paragraph is given below. It has four errors. Edit the paragraph, clues are given. The old man came in. he bow to all of us. Then he removed his hat and glove. He handed over his things or the boy. The boy stood behind the old man’s chair.
Clues. a. Verbal mistake to be corrected. b. Noun plural to be corrected. c. Preposition to be corrected. d. Apostrophe to used. 4 35. Imagine you are Sangeetha/Uday living in Gadag at 24, 3rd cross, bender extension. Write a letter to your cousin Janaki inviting her to attend your baby brother’s birthday.
4 Or
Write a letter to you father, telling him about your performance in formative assessments and summative assessment of 9th standard. And telling him about your preparation for 10th standard. And telling him about your preparation for 10th standard exams.
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Grammar (Language use) 36. Read the conversation
1
a. Have you completed the work?
b. No, not yet, we are attending to that work now The passive from of the underlined sentence is………………….. ……………………………… (Choose the right one). a. That work was attended to now. b. That work is being attended to now. c. That work is attended to now. d. That work will be attended to now. 37. Read the conversation. Hamiz : when will he come here, Santosh? Santosh: don’t know. He_______________come any time. The most appropriate modal verb in the blank is. a. Must b. will
c? Can
38. Let’s start now,___________?
d) might
1 1
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The question tag to be used above is a. Can we?
b) Shall we?
c) De we?
d) Must we?
39. We spoke in better cheer
1
The correct ‘wh’ question for the above statement is a. How did we speak? b. How do we speak? c. How have we spoken? - 99 -
d. How are we speaking? 1
40. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions and articles
/2x4=1
I was walking alone. I saw __________ small crowd had gathered in front________ the park gate. I stood ____________ a
while to watch
_____________ scene. 41. Read the conversation. Based on it, complete the reported form given below:
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Chand: hello, prashant,
Prashant: how are you?
Chand: I’m fine. Thank you. Are you working in this company? Prashant: Yes, I am. I joined this firm last year Chand and Prashant greeted each other. Chand asked Prashant_________ Prashant replied he was and he________________
2
42. Fill in the blanks choosing the right from of the verbs given in brackets you can ____ (see) him now. See, how he _________ (be, stand). His face his ______________(wrinkle)
1
/2x4=1
43. Fill in the blanks using the appropriate linking words given in brackets the summons came from the soviet president_____________ I has to there. At was show a letter from the American president, ___________, to my surprise, __________ a few days. I was called to Geneva. The meeting was held so _________ we could hold talks (and, that, after, so)
1
/2x4=1
Reference skill 44. Arrange the following words in the order in which they are put in a dictionary Crest, create, creep, credit
2
45. A thesaurus gives ___________of words
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46. A message reads like this ‘YRV here’ What does it mean? Write it in the normal way
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DRAFT