Przedszkole Samorzadowe w ZPO w Woli Filipowskiej
POLAND
ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN POLAND
According to the State Council for Nature Protection nature protection in Poland is faced with numerous problems, among which are particularly relevant. They are:
I.THE PROBLEMS OF A POLITICAL NATURE
1. Failure of natural conventions and international agreements . Poland does not participate actively in global efforts to protect wildlife and in many fields does not respect its commitments. 2. Poor progress in the implementation of the Natura 2000 network.
3. Illusory nature of the national strategy for biodiversity conservation. 4. Strategic documents and planning of the economy does not take into account the protection of nature. 5. The poor status of protection in the state administration . Nature protection interests are poorly represented at both the ministerial - government and provincial. 6. Insufficient system of public consultations important decisions. No practices and fair and substantive public debate about important issues of nature protection. 7. Weak cooperation with scientific administration and NGOs.
II. LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS
1. The lack of clearly designated responsibility for the state of nature. In addition to national parks and landscaped , there is no institution in Poland, analogous to checking out the world " management area " who cares about a specific area of protected and would be responsible for the condition . 2. No structures implementing nature conservation. Nature protection authorities are legally administrations. Their duties primarily the issue of lawful decisions and enforcement of prohibitions . 3. National Parks in crisis . 4. Liberum Veto Right for local governments to conservation. Under the current rules, you cannot create or enlarge the protected area without the consent of the local authorities. 5. The instability of the forms of nature protection area created by local governments. 6. Insufficient linking protection with the development of space. 7. Treatment of forestry as a parent in the management of some forms of conservation. 8. The ineffectiveness of the procedures of environmental impact assessments in relation to the protection of nature and the lack of full implementation of the EU directives on this issue. European legislation on environmental impact assessments are in Polish law included in an incomplete or wrong . 9. Rules species protection against the natural EU Directives. 10. A small degree of enforcement of criminal laws. 11. No one guard or police nature . 12. The centralization of licensing exemptions from the prohibitions . 13. Negligible permissions landscape parks departments . 14. No lagging, and their little protection. Around the many natural parks and reserves not set up protection zones in the form of lagging or coatings are formed too small. 15. No legal guarantees for private forms of conservation.
III. PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DIAGNOSIS OF NATURAL AND PROTECTION PLANNING
1. No protection plans or their failure. 2. Low levels of natural commissioned studies. 3. Poor progress of the national inventory of natural habitats and species. 4. Inadequate environmental monitoring. 5. No system of information on protective measures and their effects.
IV. THE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH FINANCING
1. Inadequate funding for protection of national resources and inadequate allocation of resources. 2. Organizational barriers hindering the acquisition of national measures for the protection of nature. 3. Low utilization of foreign funds for nature protection. 4. Insufficient use of agri-environmental. 5. Errors in the system of agricultural subsidies limit the positive effects.
V. ISSUES MANAGEMENT PRACTICES PROTECTED AREAS AND HABITATS
1. Unfinished national system of protected areas in Poland. 2. Excessive interference in forest ecosystems of national parks and some reserves. 3. Reducing the role of strict protection. Contrary to ecological knowledge, often waives the application of strict protection ( passive ) where possible and appropriate, f.e. in ecosystems spontaneously returning to a state of almost original. 4. Failure to active protection of habitats that such activities require . 5. Blocking the appointment of ecological in the National Forests . 6. The scarcity of dead wood in forest ecosystems . 7. The scarcity of reference in the woods. 8. Inadequate spatial policy afforestation . 9. The minimum share of natural regeneration and afforestation
10. Lack of sufficient protection of small enclaves of natural 11. Insufficient protection of river valleys . 12. Mass regulation and hydropower constructions of small rivers and streams. 13. Progressive eutrophication of the Baltic Sea 14. There is no national action to reduce diffuse pollution ( nitrogen reduction of agricultural origin). 15. Unsatisfactory progress in the protection of inanimate nature .
VI. PROBLEMS OF SPECIES MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
No differentiation prohibitions in protected species . Insufficient use of protection zones for some species. Gunshots as the only response to the " congestion in the" population of protected animals. Disruption of the balance between predators and prey. Poaching in inland waters and forests. Natural and inefficient systems of stocking and fisheries management. Lack of effective regulation hobby kennel alien invasive species. The widespread use of alien species of plants, including invasive and no strategy for dealing with invasive alien species. 9. No refuges for confiscated animals and exotic plants. 10. No system of marking specimens of CITES. 11. Insufficient ex situ protection of protected and endangered plant species.
VII. ISSUES RELATING TO EDUCATION AND PUBLIC AWARENESS
1. Antiquated system of teaching the principles of conservation. 2. Lack of adequate information on the Natura 2000 network . No broader , coordinated action to clarify the purpose and objectives of the functioning of the Natura 2000 network and the straightening of misconceptions about it. This causes fear of this new form of protection, and also leads to practical use illegal rule that in cases of conflict management to protection of species and habitats, priority must always give the economy. 3. Fear of the new . New forms of nature protection introduced by EU law - a network of Natura 2000, Water Framework Directive, Agri-environment payments, the system of environmental impact assessment, liability rules for damage - even though they are flexible, modern, supported by large funds are often faced with reserve. This is mainly due to the lack
of sufficient information on the rules for these forms, but also with the usual fear of something new, unknown. 4. Anty-nature campaign authorities. Both the Government and a number of local propagate through the media make false vision that natural values are the result of the backwardness of the country, and their protection is a firewall, disabling the possibility of development of the economy and infrastructure. They are not perceived great opportunities that the development of regions create their natural values. Politicians of different options without embarrassment preach the idea that Poland should build the infrastructure first , and only then worry about these natural assets that remain.
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be
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