Figure 1
Introduction Exposure of our bodies to high temperatures or physical exertion can lead to an increase in body temperature. Blood vessels near the skin’s surface dissipate heat well. Therefore, blood flow in the skin rises when body temperature increases. To help dissipate heat, sweat production increases significantly. It is done by over three million sweat glands spread throughout the skin. Sweat production and evaporation are essential to maintaining body temperature, but can lead to dehydration if water loss is not replaced by drinking. In this experiment we observe heat dissipation by measuring the effect of an increase in hand temperature on sweat evaporation.
Equipment einstein™Tablet with MiLAB or Android /IOS Tablet with MiLAB and einstein™LabMate 2 Temperature Sensors (-40°C to 140°C) Plastic bag
Equipment Setup
| Heat Loss Measured at Fingertips with a Humidity Sensor | 1.
Launch MiLAB (
).
2. 3.
Connect the Temperature Sensors to ports of the einstein™ Tablet or einstein™ LabMate. In the Current Setup Summary window choose Full Setup and use the table below to set up the experiment. Make sure that only the Temperature Sensors are selected under Measurements.
Current Setup Summary Program the sensors to log data according to the following setup: Temperature (-40°C to 140°C) Rate:
Every 1 sec
Duration:
2000 sec
Procedure 1.
Attach one Temperature Sensor to the outside of your hand and another to your fingertips as demonstrated in Figure 1 above. Make sure you are touching the tip of the Temperature Sensor with your fingertips.
2.
Tap Run (
3.
Follow temperature changes in your fingertips in the Graph window of MultiLab4 until the temperature stabilizes (about 2 - 3 minutes). Cover the hand holding the Temperature Sensor with a plastic bag. Tie the bag covering your hand to prevent airflow into and out of the bag. Follow changes in temperature inside the bag for about 10 minutes. Remove the plastic bag from your hand. Follow changes in the temperature inside the plastic bag as well as the temperature of your fingertips for an additional 10 minutes.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
) to begin recording data.
Save your data by tapping Save (
).
Data Analysis 1. 2. 3.
For more information on working with graphs see: Working with Graphs in MiLAB Use the cursors to mark the changes in temperature while the hand was covered by the plastic bag. What was the initial value of temperature, the final value, and the difference between the two values? Mark the course of changes in temperature after the removal of the plastic bag. Examine your hand immediately after removal of the plastic bag: Is it moist or dry?
Questions 1.
2. 3. 4.
What is the effect of covering your hand with a plastic bag: a. On the temperature level measured at your fingertips? b. On the temperature level measured inside the plastic bag? What causes the changes in the temperature of your fingertips during the experiment? Did you observe any change in the humidity of your skin during the experiment? Explain your observation. Why did the humidity in the bag decrease immediately after the removal of the bag?
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| Heat Loss Measured at Fingertips with a Humidity Sensor | 5. 6. 7.
What is the source of the water accumulated in the bag? What happens to the water accumulated in the plastic bag after the removal of the bag from the hand? What can you conclude from this experiment, regarding: a. The warming up your hand held inside the plastic bag? b. The process of heat loss from your hand after removal of the plastic bag?
Further Suggestions 1. 2. 3. 4.
Connect an additional Temperature Sensor to the fingertips of your other hand. Follow temperature changes in the covered and uncovered hands. Perform exercise while holding your hand inside the plastic bag, and follow its effect on the temperature. Increase the humidity of the surrounding air and measure its effect on heat loss. Create airflow close to your hand. Remove the plastic bag, and immediately follow its effect on temperature.
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| Heat Loss Measured at Fingertips with a Humidity Sensor |
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