Ekrem Sungur- Architecture Part1 Stage2 Portfolio-Newcastle University

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charette yazi ve foto

charette foto yapilis asama

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charette foto

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logo marketting

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model photo

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exhibition

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The structure of my building is formed by rectangular steel frame which consist of steel I beams and columns. I have a rectangular design and lots of load so steel frame structure was the best choice for this project.

My primary structures are steel I beams and the columns which supports the load of the building on concrete foundation.

Primary structure: Steel I columns

Primary structure: Steel I beams

Concrete foundation

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The workshop is burried in to the ground. So the groung itself also gives support to the steel frame to bear the load

The secondary structure is consist of steel studs which provides stiffness and space for installation of exterior wall and openings. 74

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Tertiary structure is the steel decking which provides flooring and roof. Also the Polymer Modified Render of the external wall can be considered as tertiary structure.

Tertiary structure: Steel decking

Tertiary structure: Solid insulation and wooden floor finish

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External wall

Primary structure: Steel I beams

Secondary structure: Steel studs Tertiary structure: Polymer Modified Render Solid Polyurethane (PUR) Insulation

Intermediate floor

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Polymer Modified Render

Solid Polyurethane (PUR) Insulation

DPM

Sheating Board

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Fire Resistant Plasterboard

Skirting Board

Wooden Floor Finish Solid Insulation DPM

Steel Column filled with Mineral wool insulation

Sand binding

Hardcore

Concrete Floor Slab

Ground

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Scale: 1/10

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Fire Resistant Plasterboard

Polymer Modified Render

Solid Polyurethane (PUR) Insulation

Skirting Board

Wooden Floor Finish

Solid Insulation

DPM Steel Decking filled with mineral wool insulation

Sheating Board Steel Column filled with Mineral wool insulation

Steel Beam filled with Mineral wool insulation

Fire Resistant Plasterboard

Scale: 1/10 77

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Triple Glazed Window

Polymer Modified Render Window Frame Solid Polyurethane (PUR) Insulation Window Sill DPM

Sheating Board Steel Column filled with Mineral wool insulation Fire Resistant Plasterboard

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Scale: 1/10

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Polymer Modified Render

Solid Polyurethane (PUR) Insulation

DPM

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Steel Column filled with Mineral wool insulation

Fire Resistant Plasterboard

Sheating Board Steel Lintel filled with Mineral wool insulation Steel L Beam Window Frame

Triple Glazed Window

Scale: 1/10 79

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Solid insulation

Concrete capping

Lead flashing

Wooden block

Bituminous Layer Polymer Modified Render

Solid Polyurethane (PUR) Insulation

DPM

Steel Decking filled with mineral wool insulation

Steel Beam filled with Mineral wool insulation

Sheating Board

Steel Column filled with Mineral wool insulation

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Fire Resistant Plasterboard

Scale: 1/10

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External Wall:

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Internal Wall:

Flat Roof:

http://www.bre.co.uk/greenguide/ggbuildingtype.jsp?id=2070

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Intermediate Floor:

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Ground Floor:

Windows:

http://www.bre.co.uk/greenguide/ggbuildingtype.jsp?id=2070 http://www.greenbuildingstore.co.uk/page--progression.html

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In my design, I decided to use steel frame structure because I had almost a rectangular shaped design so that it was easy to form a steel frame. The steel frame is more suitable because it can handle more load. I located the workshop on the ground floor because the furniture in the workshop have excessive load. Also, I wanted to use the site; the ground also helps supporting the upper floors’ load. For the materials, I wanted to use environment friendly and sustainable materials. For example, for the insulation I used Solid Polyurethane (PUR) Insulation because it has light weight and lower U value which provides better thermal performance. Also, in order to decrease the cold bridge, I insulated the steel beams and columns with mineral insulation. For the windows, I used triple glazed windows both for thermal and lighting performances. In order to form the floors, I preferred steel decking because of it is light and easy to install between steel frame. I preferred to use Polymer Modified Render as the external finish of the wall and as the interior finish I used fire-resistant plaster board (there is a high risk of fire in a glass blowing workshop) which is easy to install and can be painted. Also, in order to minimize the risk of fire, fire resistant paint can be applied to the steel frame.

Steel decking

Solid Polyurethane (PUR) Insulation

Triple Glazed Window 83

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‘’The code for sustainable homes is the national standard for the sustainable design and construction of new homes. It aims to reduce carbon emissions and promote higher standards of sustainable design above the current minimum standards set out by the building regulations.’’ * In my initial design, I made the calculations according to U values of standard wall and flooring materials. Because I had a poor insulation on windows, walls and floors, I could not achieve any credit rating. I got a negative value of DER/TER % and the CO2 emission of the building was too much for the Code standards. Also the building requires too much energy per year which is not suitable for a sustainable design. I improved my design by using more environment friendly and energy efficient materials. I increased the insulation of the walls so I got lover U values which improved my calculation. In order to reduce heat loss, I decided to use triple glazed windows rather than double. Rather than just changing materials, I also made some changes in the design itself in order to achieve better calculations. I reduced the volume by changing the storey height from 3 m to 2.5m which gave me less areas of walls so less heat loss. Also, I reduced the size of windows on North-East facade because the heat loss is greater than solar gain with oversized windows on North-East facade but on South-east facade I wanted to use bigger windows because the building gets better sunlight which reduces the energy requirement.

Initial Design

Improved Design

SAP

75

87

DER/TER (%)

-30

37

Credit Rating

None

7

CO2 Emissions (kgCO2/year)

2748.5

1411.2

Total Energy Cost (ÂŁ/year)

448.9

240.1

Table1: Comparison

After all the changes on both the design and the materials, I got value of 37% improvement of DER/TER. I also achieved 7 credit rating which equals to Level 3 on mandatory levels. I was also able to reduce the amount of CO2 emission per year as well as the total energy needed per year.

* https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/improving-the-energy-efficiency-of-buildings-and-using-planning-to-protect-the-environment/supporting-pages/code-for-sustainable-homes

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I used Dialux in order to test the light conditions of the tutors’ flat. As it can be seen on the diagrams before the improvements, the areas which are close to the windows are 800 lux which is too bright. There are five identical windows on the North-East facade with the dimensions of 1200 mm x 2800 mm. On the South-ast facade there are three identical windows which have dimensions of 1500 mm x 2000 mm. They all are double glazed windows. The windows on the common living room are big so they let too much sunlight in which ends up with too high lux level that is not suitable for a living room. So, I made improvements both by changing the material and dimensions of the windows rather than decreasing the numbers.

BEFORE

I changed the dimensions of windows on North-East to 700 mm x 1500 mm and the windows on South-East to 1600 mm x 1300 mm. Also, I decided to use triple glazed windows so that it can both decrease the heat loss and limit the amount of sunlight coming in. As it can be seen from the diagrams after the improvements, the brightest are is 400 lux which is still high but can be considered as fine. The only problem is the corridor which is too dark but because it is just a circulation space it would be fine just by using artificial lighting.

AFTER

I wanted to have bigger windows on South-East facade for better sustainability because it would increase the solar gain but the lux levels are limited the dimensions so the solar gain but by decreasing the dimensions of widows on North-East facade I also decreased the amount of heat loss. 95

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Walls: For a for better thermal performance, I wanted to use insulated render cladding system for the walls. The overall U value of the 250 mm wall is 0.15 W/m²K when 120 mm of insulation is used which is suitable for sustainable housing. The layer of the wall can be seen below: • 12.5mm fire resistant plasterboard, Type F internally • Steel C sections studs at 600mm centres; 100mm depth; 50mm width and 1.6mm thickness • 9.5mm external cement particle board (CPB) • Rigid PUR insulation (120mm) • 8mm silicone render on insulation • Fixings through rigid insulation have been modelled using stainless steel of 18.09mm2 at a density of 8 per m2.

0$7(5,$/6 8 9$/8(6 Polyurethane (PUR)

‘’Rigid urethane insulation products offer good insulating properties due to the very low thermal conductivity of urethane foam. Heat passes through the board at a very slow rate which allows relatively thinner, lighter, less costly, roof, wall and floor construction.’’

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Windows: For the windows, I wanted use triple glazing for better thermal insulation and light conditions. I used Progression by Slavona which is passivhaus certified A-rated timber window that has contemporary minimalist appearance: with narrow sightlines. It has a U value of 0.68 W/m²K

‘’Urethane insulating boards can achieve very low U-values with a minimum of material thickness. They can provide reliable long term energy savings for houses and meet the current and future requirements of the Building Regulations and the Code for Sustainable Homes’’

Doors: For the doors, I used Solidor88 by Passivdor ‘’A combination of a KBE/KĂśmmerling 88mm frame and a 62mm Solidor based composite door slab, which achieves a Uvalue of just 0.618 W/(m²K).’’

U value = 0.15 W/m²K 96

U value = 0.62 W/m²K

U value = 0.68 W/m²K

http://www.steelconstruction.info/Code_for_Sustainable_Homes http://www.greenbuildingstore.co.uk/page--progression.html http://www.passivdor.com/Solidor_88.html http://www.lowenergyhouse.com/urethane-insulation.html

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After the improvements on materials and the design itself, I was able to reduce both CO2 emission and the total energy cost per year but with other techniques both can be reduced more. Mechanical ventilation and heat recovery (MVHR):

Using renewable sources Solar photovoltaic (PV) cells

‘’MVHR is a mechanical fan-driven ventilation system that provides fresh air to habitable rooms. Exhaust air extracted from the dwelling passes through the central unit which contains a heat exchanger, transferring the heat energy from the exhaust air to the fresh incoming air which is then pumped into the dwelling.’’ By u using a MVHR in my m design I can significantly reduce the heat redu losses from loss vent ventilation so I can also reduce ene energy con consumption and CO2 emissions.

Sun is a renewable source so it can be used in order to reduce total energy cost per year. Photovoltaic cells are used to transform sunlight energy into electric energy. Also by using the cells hot water can also be obtain. In my design, I have 180 m² of flat roof which can be covered with solar photovoltaic cell in order to decrease the cost for energy per year.

Using the excessive hot air produced in the glassblowing workshop In my design, the tutor’s flat is located in the upstairs of the glassblowing workshop where there is lots of excessive hot air which can be used in the tutors’ in order to reduce energy amount to heat the flat. By convection the hot air rises, walls and ceilings conduct the warm air and it radiates through the flat so it can be used in the tutors’ flat.

http://www.steelconstruction.info/Code_for_Sustainable_Homes 97

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