ƣƔƚ 82-3 ƑƑƚ 84(2Ơƾǁ-Ơǃǁ)6-4 Ɨ-43
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ƒ ƺƾƻƻưƶƵ ƿǀƸ ƾDŽƾǀƼƻƵƽƸƸ ƿƵǀƵƿƻƵǂư ƸǁƿƾƻnjƷƾƲưƽNj ǀưƱƾǂNj DŽƾǂƾƳǀưDŽư . рел ва
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в . . ƔǀǃƳƸƵ. ơƾƻƴưǂNj ƲƵLJƽƾǁǂƸ / ơƵǀƳƵƹ ƗƲƵǀƵƲ. — Ɯ. : ƭƺǁƼƾ, 2013. — 352 ǁ. — (ơƿƵdžƽưƷ). ISBN 978-5-699-64359-2 ƞƱǁǂưƽƾƲƺư Ʋ ƔǀǃƳƾƹ ƧƵLJƽƵ – ƿưǀưƻƻƵƻnjƽƾƼ ƼƸǀƵ, Ʋ ƺƾǂƾǀNjƹ Ƽƾƶƽƾ ƿƾƿưǁǂnj ǂƾƻnjƺƾ LJƵǀƵƷ ƢƾƽƽƵƻnj ƒǀƵƼƵƽƸ ƱƻƸƷ ǁƵƻư ƒƵƴƵƽƾ, – ƽưƺưƻƸƻưǁnj ƴƾ ƿǀƵƴƵƻư. ƔƵƻƾ Ʋ ǂƾƼ, LJǂƾ ǀǃƺƾƲƾƴƸǂƵƻƸ Ɛƻnj-ƚưƸƴNj ǃǁǂǀƾƸƻƸ ǂưƼ ƱưƷǃ ƿƾ ƿƾƴƳƾǂƾƲƺƵ ǂƵǀǀƾǀƸǁǂƾƲ, ư Ƽưƹƾǀ ǁƿƵdžƽưƷư ƐƻƵƺǁưƽƴǀ ơǂƾƻnjƽƸƺƾƲ ƾƱ ǍǂƾƼ ǃƷƽưƻ. ƞƽ ǁ Ƴǀǃƿƿƾƹ ǁƲƾƸDž ƻǃLJLjƸDž ƱƾƹdžƾƲ ǁǂưƻ ƼƵǂƾƴƸLJƽƾ ƸǁǂǀƵƱƻǏǂnj ƱưƽƴƸǂƾƲ. ƢƾƳƴư ǂƵǀǀƾǀƸǁǂNj ƿǀƸƺưƷưƻƸ ƿǀƵƴưǂƵƻǎ ƿƾƻƺƾƲƽƸƺǃ Ɩƴưƽǃ ǃƽƸLJǂƾƶƸǂnj ǀưƷƲƵƴƳǀǃƿƿǃ, ư Ʒưƾƴƽƾ Ƹ ƲǁƵDž ǂƵDž, ƺǂƾ Ʋ ƿǀƸƽdžƸƿƵ ƷƽưƵǂ ƾ ǁǃljƵǁǂƲƾƲưƽƸƸ ƔǀǃƳƾƹ ƧƵLJƽƸ. Ɩƴưƽ ǁ ƳƾǂƾƲƽƾǁǂnjǎ ƱǀƾǁƸƻǁǏ ƸǁƿƾƻƽǏǂnj ƿǀƸƺưƷ, ƽƵ ƿƾƴƾƷǀƵƲưǏ, ƺưƺǃǎ ǁǂǀưLjƽǃǎ džƵƽǃ ƵƼǃ ƿǀƸƴƵǂǁǏ ƷưƿƻưǂƸǂnj Ʒư ǁƲƾƵ ƿǀƵƴưǂƵƻnjǁǂƲƾ… УДК 82-3 ББК 84(2 )6-4
ISBN 978-5-699-64359-2
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ÏÐÎËÎÃ ƟƾǂƵǀǏƲ ǁƲǏƷnj ǁ ƘƱǀưƳƸƼƾƲNjƼ, Ɩƴưƽ ƸǁƿNjǂưƻ LJǃƲǁǂƲƾ, ǁǀưƲƽƸƼƾƵ ǁ ǂƵƼ, ƺưƺƾƵ ƸǁƿNjǂNjƲưƵǂ LJƵƻƾƲƵƺ, ƾǁǂưƲƻƵƽƽNjƹ ƺƾƼưƽƴƾƹ ƽư ƽƵƾƱƸǂưƵƼƾƼ ƾǁǂǀƾƲƵ. ƧƵƻƾƲƵƺ Ɛƻnj-ƚưƸƴNj ƾƱƵljưƻ ƿƾƷƲƾƽƸǂnj ƲƵLJƵǀƾƼ, ƴƾ ƲƵLJƵǀư ƾǁǂưƲưƻƾǁnj ƽƵǁƺƾƻnjƺƾ LJưǁƾƲ. ƒƵLJƵǀ. Ƨǂƾ ǂưƺƾƵ ƲƵLJƵǀ? ƔƻǏ ǂƾƳƾ ƺǂƾ ƶƵƻưƵǂ ƵƳƾ ƾǂǁǀƾLJƸǂnj, ƾƽ ƼƾƶƵǂ ǂǏƽǃǂnjǁǏ Ƹ ƴƾ ƿƾƻǃƽƾLJƸ. Ɛ ƴƻǏ ǂƾƳƾ, ƴƻǏ ƺƾƳƾ ƲǀƵƼǏ ǂǏƽƵǂǁǏ ƺưƺ ǀƵƷƸƽư, ƲƵLJƵǀ ƽưLJƸƽưƵǂǁǏ ǁǀưƷǃ ƿƾǁƻƵ ƾƱƵƴư... Ɲư LJưǁưDž — ƱƵƷ LJƵǂƲƵǀǂƸ LjƵǁǂƽưƴdžưǂnj. ƒƵǁǂƵƹ ƾǂ ƿƾƴƿƾƻƺƾƲƽƸƺư ƘƱǀưƳƸƼƾƲư ƽƵǂ ǃƶƵ ƱƾƻƵƵ ƴƲǃDž LJưǁƾƲ. Ɩƴưƽ LJǃƲǁǂƲƾƲưƻ, LJǂƾ ǁƻǃLJƸƻƾǁnj ǁǂǀưLjƽƾƵ, ƽƾ ƽƵ DžƾǂƵƻ ƼƸǀƸǂnjǁǏ ǁ ǍǂƸƼ. ƘƱǀưƳƸƼƾƲư ƱƾƻnjLjƵ ƽƵǂ. ƝƵǂ Ƹ ƵƳƾ ǁƾƻƴưǂ. ƭǂƾ ƾƷƽưLJưƻƾ, LJǂƾ ǁƸƻƾƲƾƹ ƿƾƴƴƵǀƶƺƸ, Ʒư ƸǁƺƻǎLJƵƽƸƵƼ ƲƷƲƾƴư ǁƿƵdžƽưƷư, ƾDžǀưƽǏƲLjƵƳƾ ƲDžƾƴ Ʋ ǂƾƽƽƵƻnj, ƽƵǂ Ƹ ǃ ƽƵƳƾ, Ɩƴưƽư. ƕljƵ ǃǂǀƾƼ ƲǁƵ ƺưƷưƻƾǁnj ǃǁƿƵLjƽNjƼ Ƹ ƱƵƷƾƱƻưLJƽNjƼ. Ɛ ǂƵƿƵǀnj ƽǃƶƽƾ ǁǀƾLJƽƾ ƿǀƸƽƸƼưǂnj ǀƵLjƵƽƸƵ. Ɩƴưƽ ƿƾLJǃƲǁǂƲƾƲưƻ, ƺưƺ ǁƿƸƽư ǁǂưƻư Ʋƻưƶƽƾƹ Ƹ ƻƸƿƺƾƹ. ƑƵƶưǂnj! 5
ÄÐÓÃÈÅ. ÑÎËÄÀÒÛ ÂÅ×ÍÎÑÒÈ
ƣƽƸLJǂƾƶƸǂnj ƲǁƵ ƴƾƺưƷưǂƵƻnjǁǂƲư ƿǀƸLJưǁǂƽƾǁǂƸ ƺ ƾǀƳưƽƸƷưdžƸƸ ǃƽƸLJǂƾƶƵƽƸǏ ƳǀǃƿƿNj ơǂƾƻnjƽƸƺƾƲư Ƹ — ƱƵƶưǂnj! Ƣǃƴư, ƳƴƵ ƽƵ ƽưƹƴǃǂ. ƞƽ ƿƾƴƾLjƵƻ ƺ ǁƵƹDŽǃ. ƞǂƺƸƽǃƻ ƴƲƵǀdžǃ Ƹ ǁǂưƻ ƲNjƺƻưƴNjƲưǂnj ƸƷ ǏLJƵƵƺ ǁƾƴƵǀƶƸƼƾƵ. ƢƵƻƵDŽƾƽ ƺƾǁƼƸLJƵǁƺƾƹ ǁƲǏƷƸ — ƺ LJƵǀǂǃ! ƢƵƿƵǀnj Ǎǂƾ ƱƵǁƿƾƻƵƷƽưǏ Ƹ ƴưƶƵ ƾƿưǁƽưǏ ƸƳǀǃLjƺư. Ɵưǁƿƾǀǂ ƽư ƸƼǏ ƳǀưƶƴưƽƸƽư ƤǀưƽdžƸƸ Ɩưƽư ƚǀƸƼnjƵ, ƿưǁƿƾǀǂ ƽư ƸƼǏ ƳǀưƶƴưƽƸƽư ƘƷǀưƸƻǏ ƝƸǀƾ ƚưƽư, ƿưǁƿƾǀǂ ƽư ƸƼǏ ƳǀưƶƴưƽƸƽư ƓǀƵdžƸƸ ƓǀƸƳƾǀƸǃǁư ơƾƿưƺƾǁư. Ƙ ƿưǁƿƾǀǂ ƳǀưƶƴưƽƸƽư ƠƾǁǁƸƹǁƺƾƹ ƤƵƴƵǀưdžƸƸ ƘƳƾǀǏ ƚǀǃƶƺƾƲư. ƝƵǁƺƾƻnjƺƾ ƱưƽƺƾƲǁƺƸDž ǃƿưƺƾƲƾƺ ƵƲǀƾ, ƽƵǁƺƾƻnjƺƾ ƱưƽƺƾƲǁƺƸDž ǃƿưƺƾƲƾƺ ƴƾƻƻưǀƾƲ. Ɵƻƾǂƽƾ ƷưƿƵLJưǂưƽƽNjƹ ƺƾƽƲƵǀǂ, Ʋ ƺƾǂƾǀƾƼ ƺƻǎLJƸ ƾǂ ưƲǂƾƼƾƱƸƻƵƹ, ǁǂƾǏljƸDž ƽư ƿƾƴƷƵƼƽNjDž ǁǂƾǏƽƺưDž Ʋ ƜưǀǁƵƻƵ, Ʋ ƐDŽƸƽưDž Ƹ ƜưƴǀƸƴƵ. ƝƸƺƵƻƸǀƾƲưƽƽNjƹ «ƱǀưǃƽƸƽƳ» — Ʋ ƺưǀƼưƽ. ƒNjƽǃƻ Ƹ ƺƾƽǂƵƹƽƵǀ, ƽƵ ƷưƱNjƲ ƿƾǁƼƾǂǀƵǂnj ƽư ƿƾƺưƷưƽƸǏ ƴưǂLJƸƺƾƲ. ƒǁƵ ƱNjƻƾ Ʋ ƿƾǀǏƴƺƵ: Ʋƻưƶƽƾǁǂnj ƲƾƷƴǃDžư Ƹ ǂƵƼƿƵǀưǂǃǀư ƱNjƻƸ ƽƵƸƷƼƵƽƽNj ƲƽǃǂǀƸ ƺƾƽǂƵƹƽƵǀư Ʋƾǂ ǃƶƵ ǁƵƼnj ƻƵǂ. ƒǁƵ ƾǁǂưƻnjƽƾƵ: ƴƾƺǃƼƵƽǂNj ƽư ƴƾƼƾƲƻưƴƵƽƸǏ, ǃLJưǁǂƺƸ ƷƵƼƻƸ, ưƺdžƸƸ, — ƽưDžƾƴƸǂǁǏ Ʋ ƱưƽƺƵ ƨƲƵƹdžưǀƸƸ. ƝƵ ƴƾƱƵǀǃǂǁǏ! ƚưƺ Ƹ ƴƾ ƴƵƽƵƳ. ƞƺƾƻƾ ǁǂư ǁƻƸǂNjDž Ɛƻnj-ƚưƸƴƾƹ ƼƸƻƻƸƾƽƾƲ ƴƾƻƻưǀƾƲ. ƥƲưǂƸǂ, LJǂƾƱNj ƶƸǂnj ƴƾƻƳƾ Ƹ ƺǀưǁƸƲƾ... Ɩƴưƽ ƲNjƽǃƻ ƸƷ LjƺưDŽLJƸƺư, ǁǂƾǏƲLjƵƳƾ ǀǏƴƾƼ ǁ ǁƵƹDŽƾƼ, ƱǃǂNjƻƺǃ ƲƸǁƺƸ Ƹ ƿǀƸǁƵƻ ƽư 6
Ñåðãåé ÇÂÅÐÅÂ
ǁǂǃƻ. ƒǁƵ ǍǂƸ ƳƾƴNj ƾƽ ƱNjƻ ǃƲƵǀƵƽ, LJǂƾ ƽưǁǂưƽƵǂ ƼƾƼƵƽǂ, Ƹ ƵƼǃ ƿǀƸƴƵǂǁǏ ƸƴǂƸ ƿƾ ƺǀǃƳưƼ, ƺƾǂƾǀNjƵ ƿǀƾLjƵƻ ơǂƾƻnjƽƸƺƾƲ. Ƙ ƽƵ ƲƸƴƵƻ Ɩƴưƽ ǀưƷƽƸdžNj ƼƵƶƴǃ ǁƾƱƾƹ Ƹ ƲƾƹǁƺƾƲNjƼ ǀưƷƲƵƴLJƸƺƾƼ. ƓǀưƽƸdžư, ƿƵǀƵƴ ƺƾǂƾǀƾƹ Ǎǂư ǀưƷƽƸdžư ƱNjƻư ƲƸƴƸƼư Ƹ ƿƾƽǏǂƽư, ƴưƲƽƾ ƱNjƻư ƿƾƻƺƾƲƽƸƺƾƼ ƿƵǀƵǁƵLJƵƽư. ƞƽ ƿƻƵǁƽǃƻ ƲƸǁƺƸ Ʋ ǁǂưƺưƽ Ƹ ƿǀƾƳƻƾǂƸƻ ǁƾƴƵǀƶƸƼƾƵ. ƚ LJƵǀǂǃ ǁǂưƺưƽ! ƟǀƸƻƾƶƸƻ ƳƾǀƻNjLjƺƾ ƺ ƳǃƱưƼ. ƒƾƷƼƾƶƽƾǁǂnj ǂưƺƾƳƾ ǀưƷƲƸǂƸǏ ǁƾƱNjǂƸƹ ƱNjƻư ƿǀƵƴǁƺưƷǃƵƼư. Ɲƾ Ɩƴưƽ, ƺƾǂƾǀNjƹ ƳƾǂƾƲƸƻǁǏ ƲǁǂǀƵǂƸǂnj ǍǂƸ ǁƾƱNjǂƸǏ ǁ ƱƵǁƿǀƸƼƵǀƽNjƼ ƼǃƶƵǁǂƲƾƼ, ƲƴǀǃƳ ƾƺưƷưƻǁǏ ƺ ƽƸƼ ƽƵ ƳƾǂƾƲ. ƒǁƵ ǍǂƸ ƳƾƴNj ƾƽ ƿƾƽƸƼưƻ, LJǂƾ ƿƾƴƾƱƽƾƵ ƿǀƾƸƷƾƹǂƸ ƼƾƶƵǂ. Ɲƾ ǁƻǃLJƸƻƾǁnj ƲǁƵ ǀưƲƽƾ ƴƾ ƸǁƿưǀƸƽNj ƽƵƾƶƸƴưƽƽƾ. ƑNjƻư ƵljƵ ƽưƴƵƶƴư, LJǂƾ ƲƼƵǁǂƵ ǁ ƘƱǀưƳƸƼƾƲNjƼ ǁƳƸƽǃƻ Ƹ ơǂƾƻnjƽƸƺƾƲ. ơƳƸƽǃƻƸ ƲǁƵ ǀưƷƲƵƴLJƸƺƸ. Ƙ, ƲƿƾƻƽƵ ƲƾƷƼƾƶƽƾ, ƷưƴưLJư, ƿƾǁǂưƲƻƵƽƽưǏ ƸǁƻưƼƸǁǂưƼƸ, ƲNjƿƾƻƽƵƽư. Ƙ ƲNjƿƾƻƽƵƽư ƽư «ƾǂƻƸLJƽƾ»! Ɲƾ ǁǂƾƸƻƾ ƻƸ ǀƸǁƺƾƲưǂnj? Ɯƾƶƽƾ, ƺƾƽƵLJƽƾ, ƾǁǂưǂnjǁǏ Ƹ ƴƾƻƾƶƸǂnj ƾ ƳƾǂƾƲƽƾǁǂƸ ƔǀǃƳƾƹ ƧƵLJƽƸ ǁǂưǂnj ơƲǏljƵƽƽƾƹ ƷƵƼƻƵƹ ƐƻƻưDžư... Ɲƾ ƲǁƺƾǀƵ ƲNjǏǁƽƸǂǁǏ, LJǂƾ ơǂƾƻnjƽƸƺƾƲ ƶƸƲ? Ƨǂƾ ǂƾƳƴư? ƢƾƳƴư Ɩƴưƽǃ ƿǀƾǁǂƾ ƾǂǁƵƺǃǂ Ƴƻǃƿǃǎ ƳƾƻƾƲǃ. Ƣưƺ LJǂƾ ƻǃLJLjƵ ƱƵƶưǂnj, ƴưƶƵ ƵǁƻƸ Ʋ ƔǀǃƳƾƹ ƧƵLJƽƵ ƽƵ ƾǁǂưƻƾǁnj Ƹ ǃƿƾƼƸƽưƽƸǏ ƾ ǀưƷƲƵƴLJƸƺƵ! ƗưƴưƽƸƵ ƲNj7
ÄÐÓÃÈÅ. ÑÎËÄÀÒÛ ÂÅ×ÍÎÑÒÈ
ƿƾƻƽƵƽƾ, ư Ɩƴưƽ ƸǁLJƵƷ. «Ɲǃ Ƹ LJƵǀǂ ǁ ƽƸƼ, ǁƾ ƖƴưƽƾƼ! — ǁƺưƶǃǂ... ƗưƱǃƴǃǂ, ƾƱǏƷưǂƵƻnjƽƾ ƷưƱǃƴǃǂ...» Ɩƴưƽ ƻƳưƻ ǁƵƱƵ, ǃƱƵƶƴưǏ, LJǂƾ ƷưƱǃƴǃǂ. ƢưƼ, Ʋ ƳƻǃƱƸƽƵ ǁƾƷƽưƽƸǏ, ƺƸƿƵƻƾ Ƹ ƶƳƻƾ — ƽƵǂ! ƝƵ ƷưƱǃƴǃǂ. Ɣưƴǃǂ ƾǂǁƸƴƵǂnjǁǏ Ƹ ƿƾǂƵǀǏǂnj ƱƴƸǂƵƻnjƽƾǁǂnj. Ɛ ƿƾǁƻƵ ǀưƷNjljǃǂ, ƿƾǂǀưǂƸƲ ƽư Ǎǂƾ ƽƵƼưƻƾ ǁƸƻ Ƹ ǁǀƵƴǁǂƲ, Ƹ ƿǀƸƺƾƽLJưǂ. ơƻƸLjƺƾƼ ƼƽƾƳƾ Ɩƴưƽ ƷƽưƵǂ. ƞƽ — ƽƾǁƸǂƵƻnj ƱƵǁdžƵƽƽƾƹ ƸƽDŽƾǀƼưdžƸƸ. ƞƽ ƿƾƴƻƵƶƸǂ ǃƽƸLJǂƾƶƵƽƸǎ, ƺưƺ ƷưǀưƶƵƽƽưǏ ƱƵLjƵƽǁǂƲƾƼ ǁƾƱưƺư. Ɲƾ ƽƵƻnjƷǏ ǃƹǂƸ ƿǀƾǁǂƾ ǂưƺ. ƒ ƔǀǃƳƾƹ ƧƵLJƽƵ ƾǁǂưƻǁǏ ƟƻƾƲdžƾƲ. ƨǂǃǀƼưƽ ƸƷ ƳǀǃƿƿNj ơǂƾƻnjƽƸƺƾƲư, ǁ ƺƾǂƾǀNjƼ ƵƳƾ ǂƵƿƵǀnj ǁƲǏƷNjƲưƻƾ ƱƾƻnjLjƵ, LJƵƼ ƱǃƴǃljƵƵ. ơ ǀưƱƾǂƾƹ ƟƻƾƲdžƾƲư Ʋ ƔǀǃƳƾƹ ƧƵLJƽƵ Ɩƴưƽư ǁƲǏƷNjƲưƻƾ ƲƵLJƽƾƵ ƱǃƴǃljƵƵ. ƣƹǂƸ ǁƵƹLJưǁ ƾƷƽưLJưƻƾ ǀưǁǁǂưǂnjǁǏ ǁ ƼƵLJǂƾƹ ƾǂNjǁƺưǂnj ƘǁǂƾLJƽƸƺ. ƘǁǂƾLJƽƸƺ... ƚǂƾ ǂƾƻnjƺƾ ƽƵ Ƹǁƺưƻ ƵƳƾ, Ƹ ƳƴƵ ǂƾƻnjƺƾ ƵƳƾ ƽƵ ƸǁƺưƻƸ... ƘƷ-Ʒư ƽƵƳƾ ƳƸƱƻƸ, ǂƵǀǏƻƸ ǀưǁǁǃƴƾƺ ǁƾǂƽƸ ǂNjǁǏLJ ƻǎƴƵƹ. Ƨǂƾ ǍǂƸ ƴƾƼƾƲƻưƴƵƽƸǏ, ǃLJưǁǂƺƸ ƷƵƼƻƸ Ƹ ǁLJƵǂư, ƾƶƸƴưǎljƸƵ ƿǀƸƱNjǂƸǏ ƲƻưƴƵƻnjdžư! ƭǂƾ — ǁǃƵǂư ǁǃƵǂ, ƺƾǁǂnj, ƱǀƾLjƵƽƽưǏ ǁƼƵǀǂƽƾƼǃ. ƔǀƵƲƽƵƸƽƴƸƹǁƺƸƹ Ǎƿƾǁ «ƜưDžưƱDžưǀưǂư» ƿƾƲƵǁǂƲǃƵǂ ƾ ǁƾƺƵ ǂưƸƽǁǂƲƵƽƽƾƳƾ ƴƵǀƵƲư, ƿǀƾƴƻƵƲưǎljƵƼ ƶƸƷƽnj ƴƾ ƴƵǁǏǂƸ ǂNjǁǏLJ ƻƵǂ. ƒ ƴǀƵƲƽƵƳǀƵLJƵǁƺƸDž ƿƸǁnjƼƵƽưDž ǃǂƲƵǀƶƴưƻƾǁnj, LJǂƾ ǁǃ8
Ñåðãåé ÇÂÅÐÅÂ
ljƵǁǂƲǃƵǂ ƽƵƺƾƵ «ƴǀƵƲƾ ƶƸƷƽƸ», ǁƿƾǁƾƱƽƾƵ ƲƾƷƲǀưǂƸǂnj LJƵƻƾƲƵƺǃ Ƽƾƻƾƴƾǁǂnj. ƒ ǂǀǃƴưDž ǁǀƵƴƽƵƲƵƺƾƲNjDž ưƻDžƸƼƸƺƾƲ ƾƿƸǁNjƲưƻƸǁnj ƸǁǁƻƵƴƾƲưƽƸǏ, ƽưƿǀưƲƻƵƽƽNjƵ ƽư ƿƾƸǁƺƸ «DŽƸƻƾǁƾDŽǁƺƾƳƾ ƺưƼƽǏ», ƿǀƵƲǀưljưǎljƵƳƾ ƼƵǂưƻƻNj Ʋ Ʒƾƻƾǂƾ, ư ǂưƺƶƵ ƸƷƻƵLJƸƲưǎljƵƳƾ ƾǂ ƲǁƵDž ƱƾƻƵƷƽƵƹ Ƹ ƴưǀǃǎljƵƳƾ ƱƵǁǁƼƵǀǂƸƵ. Ƙ ǂƵƿƵǀnj — ơƲǏǂƾƹ Ɠǀưưƻnj... ƧưLjư, ƲNjǁƵLJƵƽƽưǏ ƸƷ džƵƻnjƽƾƳƾ ƺǀƸǁǂưƻƻư ƸƷǃƼǀǃƴư Ƹ ƾƱƻưƴưƲLjưǏ ƼưƳƸLJƵǁƺƸƼƸ ǁƲƾƹǁǂƲưƼƸ. ơƲǏǂƾƹ Ɠǀưưƻnj ƸƷƻǃLJưƵǂ ƲƾƻLjƵƱƽNjƹ ǁƲƵǂ Ƹ ƽưƴƵƻǏƵǂ ǁƲƾƸDž ƷưljƸǂƽƸƺƾƲ ƲƵLJƽƾƹ Ƽƾƻƾƴƾǁǂnjǎ Ƹ ƱƵǁǁƼƵǀǂƸƵƼ. Ɲƾ ƴƾ ǁƸDž ƿƾǀ ƽƸ «ƴǀƵƲƾ ƶƸƷƽƸ», ƽƸ «DŽƸƻƾǁƾDŽǁƺƸƹ ƺưƼƵƽnj», ƴưǀǃǎljƸƹ ƱƵǁǁƼƵǀǂƸƵ, ƽƸ ơƲǏǂƾƹ Ɠǀưưƻnj ƽƵ ƽưƹƴƵƽNj. Ƙ ǁƺƾƻnjƺƾ ƵljƵ ƻǎƴƵƹ Ƹljǃǂ ƸDž, Ƹ ǁƺƾƻnjƺƾ ƿƾƴƺƻǎLJưǎǂǁǏ ƺ ƿƾƸǁƺưƼ, LJǂƾƱNj ƿƾǂƵǀǏǂnj ƶƸƷƽnj Ƹ ƲƵǀǃ ƽư ǍǂƾƼ ƿǃǂƸ? Ɛ ƿƾƺư ƾǂLJưǏƽƽNjƵ Ƹljǃǂ, ǃƼƽNjƵ ƴƾƶƸƴưǎǂǁǏ. Ɵƾƺư ǁǃljƵǁǂƲǃƵǂ ƻƸLjnj ƾƴƸƽ ǁƿƾǁƾƱ ǁƾDžǀưƽƸǂnj ǁƲƾƵ ǂƵƻƾ ƴƾ ǂƾƳƾ ƼƾƼƵƽǂư, ƺƾƳƴư ƺǀƸƾƽƸƺư ƴƾǁǂƸƳƽƵǂ ƲƾƷƼƾƶƽƾǁǂƸ ƺƾǀǀƵƺǂƸǀƾƲưǂnj ƲǁƵ ƸƷƼƵƽƵƽƸǏ ƾǀƳưƽƸƷƼư, ǁƲǏƷưƽƽNjƵ ǁ ƱƾƻƵƷƽǏƼƸ Ƹ ǁǂưǀƵƽƸƵƼ. ƢƵ, ƺǂƾ ƼƾƳǃǂ ǁƵƱƵ ƿƾƷƲƾƻƸǂnj ǁƾDžǀưƽƵƽƸƵ ǂƵƻư ƴƾ ƾƱƽưǀǃƶƵƽƸǏ ƘǁǂƾLJƽƸƺư, ƿǀƵƴƿƾLJƻƸ ƷƵƼƻƵ DžƾƻƾƴƸƻnjƽƸƺ. ƢưƺƾƵ ǁƾDžǀưƽƵƽƸƵ ƿǀƵƴƿƾƻưƳưƵǂ ǁƾƷƴưƽƸƵ ǃǁƻƾƲƸƹ, ƿǀƸ ƺƾǂƾǀNjDž ǂƵƻƾ ƽƵ ƱǃƴƵǂ ƿƾƴƲƵǀƶƵƽƾ ǀưƷƻƾƶƵƽƸǎ ƼƸƺǀƾƾǀƳưƽƸƷƼưƼƸ, ư Ǎǂƾ ƴƾǁǂƸƳưƵǂǁǏ 9
ÄÐÓÃÈÅ. ÑÎËÄÀÒÛ ÂÅ×ÍÎÑÒÈ
ƿǀƸ ƷưƼƾǀƾƷƺƵ ƴƾ ǂƵƼƿƵǀưǂǃǀNj ƶƸƴƺƾƳƾ ưƷƾǂư. Ɩƴưƽ Ʒƽưƻ, ƳƴƵ ƽưDžƾƴƸǂǁǏ ƚƻǃƱ ƑƵǁǁƼƵǀǂƽNjDž. Ƙ ƸǁƿNjǂNjƲưƻ ƽƵƿǀƵƾƴƾƻƸƼƾƵ ƶƵƻưƽƸƵ ǀưƷƼƾǀƾƷƸǂnj ƽƵƺƾǂƾǀNjDž ƸƷ ƽƸDž Ƹ ƿƾƳƾƲƾǀƸǂnj. ƝưƿǀƸƼƵǀ, ơưƻnjƲưƴƾǀư ƔưƻƸ. ƣƾƻǂ ƔƸǁƽƵƹ ƿƾƻƺƾƲƽƸƺư ƽƵ ƸƽǂƵǀƵǁƾƲưƻ. ƞƴƽư ƸƷ Ƴǀǃƿƿ ǃLJƵƽNjDž, ǀưƱƾǂưǎljƸDž Ʋ ƝƘƘ ƿƾƴ ƒƵƴƵƽƾ, ƷưƽƸƼưƻưǁnj ƸƷǃLJƵƽƸƵƼ ǁƼƵǀǂƸ Ƹ ƺǀƸƾƽƸƺƾƹ. ƞƱ ǍǂƾƼ ƽƵ Ʒƽưƻ ƴưƶƵ ƳƵƽƵǀưƻƿƾƻƺƾƲƽƸƺ ƗǃƱƾƲ, ǀǃƺƾƲƾƴƸǂƵƻnj ƝƘƘ Ƹ ƽưLJưƻnjƽƸƺ ƣƿǀưƲƻƵƽƸǏ ƸǁƿƾƻƽƵƽƸǏ ƽưƺưƷưƽƸƹ ƿƾ ơƵƲƵǀƽƾƼǃ ƚưƲƺưƷǃ. ƝƵ ƷƽưƻƸ ƾƱ ǍǂƾƼ Ƹ ƻǎƴƸ, ǁǂƾǏljƸƵ ƽưƴ ƖƴưƽƾƼ. ƣ ǁƵǀnjƵƷƽƾƳƾ LJƵƻƾƲƵƺư ƲǁƵƳƴư ƴƾƻƶƽNj ƱNjǂnj ƼưƻƵƽnjƺƸƵ ǁƵƺǀƵǂNj ƾǂ ƽưLJưƻnjǁǂƲư. ƒƿƵǀƲNjƵ ƾ ƓǀưưƻƵ ƼƸǀǃ ƿƾƲƵƴưƻ Ʋ ƺƾƽdžƵ XII ƲƵƺư ƚǀƵǂnjƵƽ ƴƵ Ƣǀǃư, Ƹ ƿǀƵƴưƽƸƵ ǁ ƽƵƲƸƴưƽƽƾƹ ƱNjǁǂǀƾǂƾƹ ǀưǁƿǀƾǁǂǀưƽƸƻƾǁnj ƿƾ ƕƲǀƾƿƵ. ƞƽƾ ƳƻưǁƸƻƾ, LJǂƾ Ʋ ƷưƳưƴƾLJƽƾƹ ǁǂǀưƽƵ Ƶǁǂnj ƽƵƿǀƸǁǂǃƿƽưǏ Ƴƾǀư, ƽư ƺƾǂƾǀƾƹ ƲƾƷƲNjLjưƵǂǁǏ ƷưƼƾƺ ƜƾƽǁưƻnjƲưǂ, «Ɠƾǀư ǁƿưǁƵƽƸǏ». Ɵǃǂnj ƽưƲƵǀDž ƿǀƵƳǀưƶƴưǎǂ ƱǃǀƽưǏ ǀƵƺư Ƹ ƾǂƲƵǁƽNjƵ ǁƺưƻNj. Ƙ ǂƾƻnjƺƾ LJƸǁǂNjƹ ǁƵǀƴdžƵƼ, ǁưƼƾƾǂƲƵǀƶƵƽƽNjƹ, ƿƾƼƾƳưǎljƸƹ ǁƻưƱNjƼ Ƹ ǁǀưƶưǎljƸƹǁǏ Ʒư ƴƾƱǀƾ Ƹ ǁƿǀưƲƵƴƻƸƲƾǁǂnj, ƼƾƶƵǂ ƲƾƹǂƸ Ʋ ƷưƼƾƺ ƜƾƽǁưƻnjƲưǂ, ƳƴƵ DžǀưƽƸǂǁǏ ƲƵƻƸLJưƹLjưǏ ǁƲǏǂNjƽǏ — Ɠǀưưƻnj. Ƣƾƻnjƺƾ ƿƾƱƵƴƸƲLjƸƹ ǁƾƱƻưƷƽNj Ƹ ƸǁƺǃLjƵƽƸǏ ǍǂƾƳƾ ƼƸǀư Ƹ ǀưƷƲƸƲLjƸƹ ƼƽƾƳƸƵ ƴƾƱǀƾƴƵǂƵƻƸ ƼƾƶƵǂ ǁƾƷƵǀdžưǂnj Ɠǀưưƻnj. Ƙ ǂƾ — 10
Ñåðãåé ÇÂÅÐÅÂ
ƵǁƻƸ ƱǃƴƵǂ ƿǀƸƳƻưLjƵƽ. ƝƵǃƴƸƲƸǂƵƻnjƽƾ, LJǂƾ ƽưLJƸƽưǏ ǁ XII ƲƵƺư ƼƽƾƳƸƵ ƿNjǂưƻƸǁnj ƿƾƿưǁǂnj Ʋ ƷưƳưƴƾLJƽǃǎ ǁǂǀưƽǃ Ƹ ƴƾǁǂƸLJnj ƲNjǁƾLJưƹLjƵƹ ƸƷ džƵƻƵƹ. ƘǁǂƾǀƸǏ ǍǂƸDž ƿƾƸǁƺƾƲ ƲƵǁnjƼư ƿƾǃLJƸǂƵƻnjƽư: ƴƻǏ ƽƵƼƽƾƳƸDž ƻǎƴƵƹ ƿƾƸǁƺ ƓǀưưƻǏ ǁǂưƻ ƴǃDžƾƲƽNjƼ ƿǀƸƺƻǎLJƵƽƸƵƼ, ƴƻǏ ƱƾƻnjLjƸƽǁǂƲư ƶƵ — ƿƾƳƾƽƵƹ Ʒư ƲƿƾƻƽƵ ƺƾƽƺǀƵǂƽNjƼ ǁƾƺǀƾƲƸljƵƼ, ƸǁǂƾLJƽƸƺƾƼ ƲƻưǁǂƸ Ƹ ƱƵǁǁƼƵǀǂƸǏ. ơƵƼnj ƻƵǂ ƽưƷưƴ Ɩƴưƽ, ƿǃǂƵLjƵǁǂƲǃǏ Ʋ ƾǂƿǃǁƺƵ ƿƾ ƕƲǀƾƿƵ Ƹ ƾƿưǁưǏǁnj ƲǁǂǀƵǂƸǂnjǁǏ ǁƾ ơǂƾƻnjƽƸƺƾƲNjƼ ƳƴƵ-ƽƸƱǃƴnj Ʋ ƓƵǀƼưƽƸƸ ƸƻƸ ƘǂưƻƸƸ, ƿƾƱNjƲưƻ ƽư ưǃƺdžƸƾƽƵ Ʋ ƜƸƻưƽƵ. ƣƶƵ Ƹ ƽƵ ƿƾƼƽƸƻ ƾƽ, LJǂƾ ƿƾƱǃƴƸƻƾ ƵƳƾ ƲNjǁǂǃƿƸǂnj ǃLJưǁǂƽƸƺƾƼ, ƽƾ Ʒư ƿǏǂnj ǂNjǁǏLJ ƵƲǀƾ ƾƽ ƿǀƸƾƱǀƵƻ ƿƸǁnjƼƾ ƲƸƷưƽǂƸƹǁƺƾƼǃ ƸƼƿƵǀưǂƾǀǃ ƜưƽǃƸƻǃ ƾǂ ƽƵƸƷƲƵǁǂƽƾƳƾ ưƲǂƾǀư. ƣƶƵ ǂƾƳƴư Ɩƴưƽ, ƸƼƵǎljƸƹ ƴƾǁǂǃƿ ƺ DŽƸƽưƽǁƾƲNjƼ ƲƾƷƼƾƶƽƾǁǂǏƼ ƝƘƘ, ƽƵ ƷưƱNjƲưƻ ƿǀƾ ǁƲƾƵ ƱǃƴǃljƵƵ. Ɵƾƺǃƿƺư ƿǀƵƴƼƵǂƾƲ ǁǂưǀƸƽNj ƳưǀưƽǂƸǀƾƲưƻư ǁƾDžǀưƽƵƽƸƵ ƽưƶƸǂƾƳƾ Ƹ, LJǂƾ ƽƵ ƼƵƽƵƵ Ʋưƶƽƾ, ƽƵ ƾǁǂưƲƻǏƻư ǁƻƵƴƾƲ DŽƸƽưƽǁƾƲNjDž ƾƿƵǀưdžƸƹ. ƐǃƺdžƸƾƽNj ǁƻưƲǏǂǁǏ ǁƲƾƸƼ ƽƵƿǀƾƱƸƲưƵƼNjƼ ǃƿǀǏƼǁǂƲƾƼ Ʋ ƾǂƺưƷưDž ƿǀưƲƾƾDžǀưƽƸǂƵƻnjƽNjƼ ǁƸǁǂƵƼưƼ ƲǁƵDž ǁǂǀưƽ Ʋ ƸƽDŽƾǀƼưdžƸƸ ƾ ǁƴƵƻƺưDž. Ɩƴưƽ ƾƱƵǁƿƵLJƸƲưƻ ǁƲƾƵ ƱǃƴǃljƵƵ. ƚƾƳƴư ƲƿƵǀƲNjƵ ƿǀƸLjƻư ƼNjǁƻnj ƿǀƾ ƱƵƷƱƵƴƽƾƵ ƱǃƴǃljƵƵ? ƝưƲƵǀƽƾƵ, Ʋ ǂƾǂ ƼưƹǁƺƸƹ ƴƵƽnj ƴƲƵ ǂNjǁǏLJƸ ƿƵǀƲƾƳƾ Ƴƾƴư, ƺƾƳƴư Ʋ ƔǀǃƳƾƹ ƧƵLJƽƵ ƾƽ ǁǂƾƻƺƽǃƻǁǏ ǁƾ ǁƼƵǀǂnjǎ Ƹ ƲNjǀƲưƻǁǏ ƸƷ 11
ÄÐÓÃÈÅ. ÑÎËÄÀÒÛ ÂÅ×ÍÎÑÒÈ
ƵƵ ƾƱNJǏǂƸƹ ƽƵƲǀƵƴƸƼNjƼ. ƚưƺ ƱNj ǂƾ ƽƸ ƱNjƻƾ, ƿƸǁnjƼƾ ƸƼ ƱNjƻƾ ƺǃƿƻƵƽƾ Ƹ ƿǀƸƲƵƷƵƽƾ Ʋ ƠƾǁǁƸǎ. ƒ ƽƵƼ, ƴưǂƸǀƾƲưƽƽƾƼ 1165 ƳƾƴƾƼ, ƲƸƷưƽǂƸƹǁƺƾƼǃ ƸƼƿƵǀưǂƾǀǃ ƜưƽǃƸƻǃ ǁƾƾƱljưƻƾǁnj ƽƵƸƷƲƵǁǂƽNjƼ ưƲǂƾǀƾƼ: «ƟǀƵǁƲƸǂƵǀ Ƙƾưƽƽ, ƲǁƵƼƾƳǃljƵǁǂƲƾƼ ƑƾƶƸƸƼ Ƹ Ʋƻưǁǂnjǎ ƓƾǁƿƾƴƸƽư ƽưLjƵƳƾ ƘƸǁǃǁư ƥǀƸǁǂư džưǀnj džưǀƵƹ, ƿƾƲƵƻƸǂƵƻnj ƿƾƲƵƻƸǂƵƻƵƹ, ƶƵƻưƵǂ ƴǀǃƳǃ ǁƲƾƵƼǃ ƜưƽǃƸƻǃ, ƺƽǏƷǎ ƚƾƽǁǂưƽǂƸƽƾƿƾƻnjǁƺƾƼǃ, ƷƴǀưƲǁǂƲƾƲưǂnj Ƹ ƱƻưƳƾƴƵƽǁǂƲƾƲưǂnj ƿƾ ƼƸƻƾǁǂƸ ƑƾƶƸƵƹ». ƒƿƾƻƽƵ ƾƱNjLJƽƾƵ ƽưLJưƻƾ ƴƻǏ ƿƾǁƻưƽƸǏ ǂƵDž ƲǀƵƼƵƽ. ƟƸǁnjƼƾ ƱNjƻƾ ƲNjǁǂưƲƻƵƽƾ ƽư ưǃƺdžƸƾƽ, ǀưƷǃƼƵƵǂǁǏ, ƽƵ ƿƾǂƾƼǃ, LJǂƾ ưƲǂƾǀƾƼ ƵƳƾ ǏƲƻǏƻǁǏ ưƿƾǁǂƾƻ Ƙƾưƽƽ, ƿǀƵƴƲƸƴƵƲLjƸƹ ưƿƾƺưƻƸƿǁƸǁ. ƚǂƾ ƱNj ƿƾƲƵǀƸƻ Ʋ Ǎǂƾ. Ƙ ǁưƼ DŽưƺǂ ǂƾƳƾ, LJǂƾ ƴƾƺǃƼƵƽǂ ƾƺưƷưƻǁǏ ƽư ưǃƺdžƸƾƽƵ Ƹ ƽƵ ƱNjƻ ƲNjƺǃƿƻƵƽ ƦƵǀƺƾƲnjǎ, ƱNjƻ ƴƾƺưƷưǂƵƻnjǁǂƲƾƼ ƽƵƿǀƸLJưǁǂƽƾǁǂƸ Ƙƾưƽƽư ƺ ƽƵƼǃ. Ɵǀƾǁǂƾ Ǎǂƾ ƱNjƻƾ ƴǀƵƲƽƵƵ, ƾLJƵƽnj ƴǀƵƲƽƵƵ ƿƸǁnjƼƾ. Ƙ ƽƵ ǁǂƾƸƻƾ ƱNj ƾƽƾ ƿǏǂnj ǂNjǁǏLJ ƵƲǀƾ, ƺƾƳƴư ƱNj ƽƵ ǃƿƾƼƸƽưƽƸƵ Ʋ ƽƵƼ ƻƸdž, ƷưƱNjǂnj ƺƾǂƾǀNjƵ ƽƵƲƾƷƼƾƶƽƾ. ƚưƺ ƱNj ǂƾ ƽƸ ƱNjƻƾ, ƿƸǁnjƼƾ Ɩƴưƽ ƿǀƸƲƵƷ Ʋ ƠƾǁǁƸǎ, ư ǃƶƵ ƿƾǂƾƼ ƿƾƿǀƾǁƸƻ ƽưDžƾƴǏljƵƳƾǁǏ Ʋ ƝƘƘ ǃLJƵƽƾƳƾ ƻƸƱƾ ƾƿǀƾƲƵǀƳƽǃǂnj, ƻƸƱƾ ƿƾƴǂƲƵǀƴƸǂnj ƷưǏƲƻƵƽƽNjƹ ƽư ǂƾǀƳưDž ǂƵƺǁǂ ƴƾƺǃƼƵƽǂư. Ƙ ƲǁƺƾǀƵ ƲNjǏǁƽƸƻƾǁnj, LJǂƾ ƿƸǁnjƼƾ ǁƾƴƵǀƶƸǂ ƸƽDŽƾǀƼưdžƸǎ, ƺƾǂƾǀǃǎ džƵƽƽƾƹ, Ƹ ƿǀưƲƴư, 12
Ñåðãåé ÇÂÅÐÅÂ
ƽưƷƲưǂnj ƽƵƻnjƷǏ. Ɲƾ Ɩƴưƽ ƽƵ ǃƽNjƲưƻ, ƿƾǁƺƾƻnjƺǃ Ʋưƶƽư ƴƻǏ ƽƵƳƾ ƱNjƻư ƽƵ ǁǂƾƻnjƺƾ ƸǁǂƸƽƽƾǁǂnj ƸƽDŽƾǀƼưdžƸƸ ƿƸǁnjƼư, ǁƺƾƻnjƺƾ ƴǀƵƲƽƾǁǂnj ǁưƼƾƳƾ ƿƸǁnjƼư. ƧƵǀƵƷ ƴƵǁǏǂnj ƻƵǂ ƴƾƺǃƼƵƽǂ ǁǂưƽƵǂ ƳƾǀưƷƴƾ ƴƾǀƾƶƵ. ƒ ƿƸǁnjƼƵ ƾƿƸǁNjƲưƻƾǁnj ǀưǁƿƾƻƾƶƵƽƽƾƵ ƳƴƵ-ǂƾ ƽư ƒƾǁǂƾƺƵ ƽƵƾƱNjƺƽƾƲƵƽƽƾƵ ƳƾǁǃƴưǀǁǂƲƾ, Ʋ ǁưƼƾƼ džƵƽǂǀƵ ƺƾǂƾǀƾƳƾ ƱnjƵǂ ƘǁǂƾLJƽƸƺ ƲƵLJƽƾƹ ǎƽƾǁǂƸ: ǂƾǂ, ƺǂƾ ǂǀƸ ǀưƷư ƲNjƿnjƵǂ ƲƾƴNj ƸƷ ƽƵƳƾ, ƽƸƺƾƳƴư ƽƵ ǁǂưƽƵǂ ǁǂưǀLjƵ ǂǀƸƴdžưǂƸ ƻƵǂ. ƟǀƵǁƲƸǂƵǀ Ƙƾưƽƽ ǁƿǀưLjƸƲưƻ ƸƼƿƵǀưǂƾǀư ƜưƽǃƸƻư: «ƜNj DžƾǂƸƼ Ʒƽưǂnj Ƹ ǁƿǀưLjƸƲưƵƼ, Ƶǁǂnj ƻƸ ǃ ǂƵƱǏ ƾƱljưǏ ǁ ƽưƼƸ ƸǁǂƸƽƽưǏ ƲƵǀư Ƹ ƿǀƸƴƵǀƶƸƲưƵLjnjǁǏ ƻƸ ǂNj Ʋƾ ƲǁƵDž ƴƵƻưDž ƘƸǁǃǁư ƥǀƸǁǂư? ƘƱƾ Ʋ ǂƾ ƲǀƵƼǏ ƺưƺ ƼNj ƷƽưƵƼ, LJǂƾ ƼNj ƻǎƴƸ, ǂƲƾƸ ƻƵƳƸƾƽNj ǁLJƸǂưǎǂ ǂƵƱǏ ƱƾƳƾƼ, ư ƼƵƶƴǃ ǂƵƼ ƽưƼ ƸƷƲƵǁǂƽƾ, LJǂƾ ǂNj ǁƼƵǀǂƵƽ Ƹ ƿƾƴƲƵǀƶƵƽ LJƵƻƾƲƵLJƵǁƺƾƹ ƱǀƵƽƽƾǁǂƸ». Ɩƴưƽ ƸǁƿNjǂưƻ ƻǎƱƾƿNjǂǁǂƲƾ Ƹ ƿƾƿǀƾǁƸƻ ǃLJƵƽƾƳƾ ƲNjǏǁƽƸǂnj ƿƾƴǀƾƱƽƾǁǂƸ ƾǂƲƵǂư, ƵǁƻƸ ǂưƺƾƲƾƹ ƱNjƻ. Ƙ ƲǁƺƾǀƵ ƿƾƻǃLJƸƻ ƾǂƲƵǂ ƸƷ ƠƸƼư. ơǂƾƻnj ƴƵǀƷƺƾƵ ƾƱǀưljƵƽƸƵ ƺ ƸƼƿƵǀưǂƾǀǃ ƽƵ ƼƾƳƻƾ ƾǁǂưǂnjǁǏ ƱƵƷ ƾǂƲƵǂư. 27 ǁƵƽǂǏƱǀǏ 1177 Ƴƾƴư ƿưƿư ƐƻƵƺǁưƽƴǀ ƢǀƵǂƸƹ ƿƸLjƵǂ Ƙƾưƽƽǃ, Ƹ ƿƾǀǃLJưƵǂ ǁƲƾƵƼǃ ƲƵǀƽƾƼǃ ƲǀưLJǃ ƤƸƻƸƿƿǃ ƴƾǁǂưƲƸǂnj ƾǂƲƵǂ ưƴǀƵǁưǂǃ. ƒǀưLJ ƽƵ ƲƵǀƽǃƻǁǏ. Ɩƴưƽ ƽƵƴƾǃƼƵƲưƻ. ƗƽưLJƸǂ, ƦƵǀƺƾƲnj ƱNjƻư ƸƽDŽƾǀƼƸǀƾƲưƽư ƾ ƿƵǀƵƿƸǁƺƵ ƿǀƵǁƲƸǂƵǀư Ƙƾưƽƽư Ƹ ƸƼƿƵǀưǂƾǀư ƜưƽǃƸƻư? ƟƾLJƵƼǃ ƶƵ ǂƾƳƴư 13
ÄÐÓÃÈÅ. ÑÎËÄÀÒÛ ÂÅ×ÍÎÑÒÈ
ƽƵ ƲNjƺǃƿƸƻư ƴƾƺǃƼƵƽǂ? Ƙ ƲǁƺƾǀƵ ƴƾƳưƴưƻǁǏ — ƾƿƻƾLjƽƾǁǂnj! ƒưǂƸƺưƽ ƽƸƺƾƳƴư ƽƵ ƿǀƾƿǃǁǂƸƻ ƱNj ưǃƺdžƸƾƽ ǁ ƿƾƴƾƱƽNjƼ ƻƾǂƾƼ ƽư «ƚǀƸǁǂƸ» ƸƻƸ «ơƾǂƱƸ», ƽƾ ưǃƺdžƸƾƽ Ʋ ƜƸƻưƽƵ... ƚǂƾ ƱNj ƼƾƳ ƿƾƴǃƼưǂnj, LJǂƾ ƿƸǁnjƼƾ ƲǁƿƻNjƲƵǂ ƸƼƵƽƽƾ ǂưƼ! ƣƶƵ ƷƽưǏ, LJǂƾ ƷưǀưƱƾǂưƵǂ ƽư ǍǂƾƼ ƽƵƼưƻƾ, Ɩƴưƽ ƲǁƵ-ǂưƺƸ ƿƾǀǃLJƸƻ ǃLJƵƽƾƼǃ ƴƾƱNjǂnj ƴƻǏ ƽƵƳƾ ƸƽDŽƾǀƼưdžƸǎ ƾ ƿǀƵƴǂƵLJƵ ǍǂƾƳƾ ƿƸǁnjƼư. ƟǀƾljƵ ƳƾƲƾǀǏ, ǁƴƵƻưǂnj ƴƻǏ ƽƵƳƾ ǍƺǁƺǃǀǁƸǎ Ʋ ƿǀƾLjƻƾƵ. ƒǁƺƾǀƵ ƾƽ ǃƷƽưƻ, LJǂƾ ƘǁǂƾLJƽƸƺ, ƾ ƺƾǂƾǀƾƼ ƽƵ ƳƾƲƾǀƸƻƾǁnj Ʋ ƿƸǁnjƼƵ ƿǀǏƼƾ, ƽƾ ƾ LJƵƼ ƿǀƾƷǀưLJƽƾ ǃƼưƻLJƸƲưƻƾǁnj, ƱNjƻ ǁƾƲǁƵƼ ǀǏƴƾƼ ǁ ƜưƽǃƸƻƾƼ. Ɵƾ ƲǁƵƾƱljƵƼǃ ǃƱƵƶƴƵƽƸǎ ƶƸǂƵƻƵƹ ǁǀƵƴƽƵƲƵƺƾƲƾƹ ƕƲǀƾƿNj XIII ƲƵƺư DžǀưƽƸǂƵƻǏƼƸ ƓǀưưƻǏ ƱNjƻƸ ƺưǂưǀNj. ƒƻƸǏƽƸƵ ƺưǂưǀƾƲ, «LJƸǁǂNjDž», ƿǀƾƿƾƲƵƴƾƲưƲLjƸDž ƽǀưƲǁǂƲƵƽƽǃǎ LJƸǁǂƾǂǃ, ƱNjƻƾ ǂưƺ ƲƵƻƸƺƾ, LJǂƾ Ʋ 1209 Ƴƾƴǃ ƿưƿư ƘƽƽƾƺƵƽǂƸƹ III ƾƱNJǏƲƸƻ ƺǀƵǁǂƾƲNjƹ ƿƾDžƾƴ ƿǀƾǂƸƲ ǍǂƸDž ƵǀƵǂƸƺƾƲ. ƞƽ DžƾǂƵƻ ƽƵ ǁǂƾƻnjƺƾ ǃƽƸLJǂƾƶƸǂnj ƺưǂưǀƾƲ, ǁƺƾƻnjƺƾ ƷưDžƲưǂƸǂnj ǂưƸƽǁǂƲƵƽƽNjƹ Ɠǀưưƻnj, ƴưƲưƲLjƸƹ ƸƼ ƽƵǁƾƼƽƵƽƽƾƵ ƴǃDžƾƲƽƾƵ ƿǀƵƲƾǁDžƾƴǁǂƲƾ. ƘǁǂƾLJƽƸƺ. ƣƴƸƲƸǂƵƻnjƽƾ, ƽƾ ƸƼƵƽƽƾ Ʋ ƱƾǀnjƱƵ Ʒư LJƸǁǂƾǂǃ ǁƲƾƵƹ ƲƵǀNj, ƿƾǁǂǀƾƵƽƽƾƹ ƽư ƻǎƱƲƸ ƺ ƱƻƸƶƽƵƼǃ, ƦƵǀƺƾƲnj ƿǀƾƴƵƼƾƽǁǂǀƸǀƾƲưƻư ƽƵƲƸƴưƽƽǃǎ ƴƾ ǍǂƸDž ƿƾǀ ƶƵǁǂƾƺƾǁǂnj. Ƙ Ɩƴưƽ ƿƾƽǏƻ, LJǂƾ ǁǂưƻ ƾƱƻưƴưǂƵƻƵƼ ǃƽƸƺưƻnjƽƾƳƾ ƴƾ14
Ñåðãåé ÇÂÅÐÅÂ
ƺǃƼƵƽǂư. ƚƾƳƴư ƶƸǂƵƻƸ ƾƺǀǃƶƵƽƽƾƳƾ Ƴƾǀƾƴƺư ƑƵƷnjƵ ƾǂƺưƷưƻƸǁnj ƲNjƴưǂnj ƿưƿǁƺƾƼǃ ƻƵƳưǂǃ ƐƼƾǀƸ ƺưǂưǀƾƲ, ƾƽ ƿǀƸƺưƷưƻ ƽƵ ljưƴƸǂnj ƽƸƺƾƳƾ, ƽƵƷưƲƸǁƸƼƾ ƾǂ ǁƾǁƻƾƲƸǏ, ƲƾƷǀưǁǂư ƸƻƸ ƿƾƻư, Ƹ ƱƵƷ ƶưƻƾǁǂƸ ǃƱƸƲưǂnj Ƹ ƺưǂưǀƾƲ, Ƹ ƺưǂƾƻƸƺƾƲ. «Ɠƾǁƿƾƴnj ƑƾƳ ƿƾǂƾƼ ǁưƼ ǀưƷƱƵǀƵǂǁǏ», — ǁƺưƷưƻ ƿƾǁƻưƽƽƸƺ ƿưƿNj. ƖƵǀǂƲưƼƸ ǃǁǂǀƾƵƽƽƾƹ ǀƵƷƽƸ ǁǂưƻƸ ƿǏǂƽưƴdžưǂnj ǂNjǁǏLJ LJƵƻƾƲƵƺ, Ƹ ǁǀƵƴƸ ƽƸDž ƱNjƻƾ ƲǁƵƳƾ ƴƲƵ ǁƾǂƽƸ ƺưǂưǀƾƲ. ƘƼƵƽƽƾ Ʋƾ ƲǀƵƼǏ ǍǂƾƳƾ ƱƵǁƿǀƵdžƵƴƵƽǂƽƾƳƾ ƿƾ ƶƵǁǂƾƺƾǁǂƸ ƺǀƵǁǂƾƲƾƳƾ ƿƾDžƾƴư Ʋ ƢǃƻǃƷƵ ƱNjƻ ǃLJǀƵƶƴƵƽ džƵǀƺƾƲƽNjƹ ƾǀƳưƽ, ƿǀƸƷƲưƽƽNjƹ Ʋ ƴưƻnjƽƵƹLjƵƼ ǃƽƸLJǂƾƶưǂnj ƽƵƲƵǀƽNjDž. ƕƳƾ ƸƼƵƽƾƲưƻƸ ƢǀƸƱǃƽưƻƾƼ ƸƽƺƲƸƷƸdžƸƸ. ƠǃƸƽNj ƿƾǁƻƵƴƽƵƳƾ ƾƿƻƾǂư ƺưǂưǀƾƲ, ƷưƼƺư ƜƾƽǁƵƳǎǀ Ʋƾ ƤǀưƽdžǃƷǁƺƸDž ƟƸǀƵƽƵǏDž, ƶƸƲǃǂ ƴƾ ǁƸDž ƿƾǀ. ƞƽ ǁLJƸǂưƵǂǁǏ ƿǀƵƴƿƾǁƻƵƴƽƸƼ ƼƵǁǂƾƼ ƾƱƸǂưƽƸǏ ƘǁǂƾLJƽƸƺư ƿƾǂƾƼǃ, LJǂƾ ƸƷ Ǎǂƾƹ ƽƵƿǀƸǁǂǃƿƽƾƹ džƸǂưƴƵƻƸ Ʋƾ ƲǀƵƼǏ ƵƵ ƾǁưƴNj ǂưƸƽǁǂƲƵƽƽƾ ƸǁLJƵƷƻƸ LJƵǂƲƵǀƾ ǀNjdžưǀƵƹ-ƺưǂưǀƾƲ, ƺƾǂƾǀNjƵ ƿǀƵƴƿƾƻƾƶƸǂƵƻnjƽƾ ǃƲƵƷƻƸ ǁ ǁƾƱƾƹ ƲƵƻƸLJưƹLjƵƵ ǁƾƺǀƾƲƸljƵ — ơƲǏǂƾƹ Ɠǀưưƻnj. Ɩƴưƽ ƿƾƽǏƻ, LJǂƾ ƻƵǂ LJƵǀƵƷ ƴƵǁǏǂnj, ƷưǏƲƸƲ ƾ ƴƾƺǃƼƵƽǂƵ ǂưƺƸƼ ƾƱǀưƷƾƼ, LJǂƾƱNj ƾƱ ǍǂƾƼ ǃƷƽưƻ ƒưǂƸƺưƽ, ƾƽ ƲNjǁǂǃƿƸǂ ƽư ưǃƺdžƸƾƽƵ ǃƶƵ ƽƵ ƺưƺ ƿƾƺǃƿưǂƵƻnj, ư ƺưƺ ƿǀƾƴưƲƵdž. Ƙ ƽƵ Ʋ ƜƸƻưƽƵ, ư ƽư «ƚǀƸǁǂƸ». Ƙ ƲǀǏƴ ƻƸ ƷưǏƲƻƵƽƽưǏ ǁǂƾƸƼƾǁǂnj ƿƸǁnjƼư ƱǃƴƵǂ ƽƸƶƵ džƵƽNj ƿƾƻƾǂƽư ƒưƽ 15