Project Report
“The cultural landscape is fashioned from a natural landscape by a cultural group. Culture is the agent, the natural area is the medium, the cultural landscape is the result” Sauer, C., 1925. The Morphology of Landscape. University of California Publications in Geography (22), p. 19-53
Axonometric Views by Harriet Lee-Merrion, source: socks-studio.com
Contents I
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Kipos3 Project From Concept to Commitment
7
Philosophy & Goals
8
Research & References
12
A “Garden” for Thessaloniki
24
Implementation Process & Achievements Phase I : Mapping
37
Phase II: Building
43
Phase III: Changing a City
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Days in Kipos Towards a New Urban Ecology Towards a New Citizen’s Profile Educational Activities Cultural Activities International Interest
III
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Appendix & More About Us Publications & References Acknowledgements
50 54 58 62 68 74
82 84 86 88
I
Kipos3 Project From Concept to Commitment
Summer Park, Governors Island, New York, 2007, 20 acres // top-down // Concept & Design: Michel Desvigne
Philosophy & Goals Public Space in the era of socio-economic uncertainty In front of the great socio-economic uncertainty the cities of the 21st century have to face up to, new forms of public space are demanded combining environmental, cultural and design qualities, while engaging more protagonists in the decision – making process. It is a fact that the majority of cities and municipalities can hardly afford new green spaces and the management or maintenance of the existing. Along with the limited budgets for urban infrastructure and expensive top-down masterplans, a new need for efficient and even resilient urban governance is born, related primarily with the use and morphology of the public space, the last spots for social co-existence in the contemporary growing cities. In this new context, the local communities and authorities obtain the great force to change the everyday urban landscape, more than the way that the central governement managed during the last decades. The cities are emerging as the central poles where crises are born but even cured. Considering open spaces as parts of the urban landscape, as “urban commons”, there is a need to approach them as fields of deliberation among the involved actors as well as fields of architectural practice which generates the formation of a space experience, create identity, a sense of place and belonging. To invest in the public space in times of a crisis is considered less as a luxury and more as a necessity to re-determine the urban ground, create new land values, bring a mixture of new uses, contribute in the cultural regeneration, social welfare, ecological renewal and economic empowerment. The citizen in the discussion of the city In this framework there is the challenge to think in programmatic terms – inventive uses, activities, events, installations or happenings, temporaril or permanent -, a new planning culture of less authoritarian impact from “top-down”, adapted to the citizens’ needs and spontaneous initiatives, to local responsibilities, to economic and ecological impulse with the appropriate coordination of all protagonists. With these qualities to get of stronger and stronger importance for city planners and architects in the future, “small scale” projects seem to have a potential to create
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Kipos3 Project From Concept to Commitment
broader impact and innovation in the stable urban environment of economic shrinkage. In this concept, the “green commons” in the city centers are emerging as experimental grounds in need of research by design and on social interaction. The introduction of “food” in the core of this discussion, is meant less as an asset for self-sufficiency, and mainly as a key tool for building in a holistic way the concept of the co-ownership of public space. Moreover, it is seen, as the “carrot” to bring citizens in the discussion of the city and towards the development of a collective memory and a new culture of civic engagement. The Challenging Greek City’s Case Even if the Greek City’s case combines all the facts that could guide the citizens’ engagement in the management of the cityscape, the dramatic “crisis” in Greece up to this moment doesn’t seem to play any specific role as a possible activator for an enhancement of community and social spirit orientated projects. The lack or the fragmentation of public space (only 2,5 m2 of public green / resident when in Europe the percentage is up to 8-10 m2 / resident), the non planned urban space, the cut of urban regeneration projects and even the emerging need for relieving spaces inside the city core, seem not to be yet phenomena powerful enough to activate innovative approaches. The lack of the political will, of a well-adjusted mechanism of urban governance, equipped with the tools to quide the citizen’s action, envision and plan the urban landscape, are set as the main challenges to overcome, towards a more resilient and multifunctional model of public green use. A vision for a Common Ground In contrast with the status quo, Kipos3 project, born in the Masters studios of Landscape Architecture in the School of Architecture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in 2014, described for the first time in the form of a social and cultural commitment, the potential of the transformation of residual sites within the Greek cities’ cores, using the energy and imagination of the citizens, the creative capacity of the designers and the powerful volition of the local authorities. The name “Kipos” refers to the Greek word for the “garden”, the archetype of the designed nature as a common meeting ground with aesthetical, productive, educational, cultural dimensions. “Kipos in the cube” (Kipos3) becomes the module, the return of the archetypical “garden” to fill, reshape and determine the leftover sites, to bring life and identity instead of vagueness, to bring the idea of the “citizen” upper the “individual”. The proposed spots aim to operate as a green but mainly as “red” infrastructure with ecological and social value. Kipos3 projected the introduction of “urban commons” as a means for renewal and social interaction in times of crisis, it gained assistance by the Angelopoulos
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// Philosophy & Goals
Global Initiative Fellowships 2014, traveled in U.S.A. to evolve through Clinton Global Initiative University network, and was supported by the Municipality of Thessaloniki to get implemented. Today, the first community garden exists concentrating interest as the first experiment of citizens’ stewardship with public space in times of socio-economic uncertainty and as a model for methodizing the strategic goal of Thessaloniki for the the co-ownership of public space. The story of Kipos3 lies on the point of focus about its success to bring citizens around a common nature, a co-owned landscape. It concentrates interest about its success to exist, to get established, to be communicated, to persuade Municipality, assistants and citizens to work together. The story of Kipos3 is also special because it was conceived and designed as a garden, collectively cared and managed, proving how a tiny but enthusiastic initiative can create in contrast with the inaction of the past -, a broader impact, how now, in deep recession, this city is a virgin ground again for innovation. The story of the creation of the first urban garden in the city center of Thessaloniki discusses an academic project meeting reality, the evolution of a social commitment, the process of working with the local authorities for a new strategic goal to work with communities. It discusses the process of mapping the city and counting people’s willingness to contribute in the transformation of their green, the process of reactivating one neighborhood creating a garden out of scratch, the process of keeping this garden alive after one year, investing on the team-building. It describes a new field of study and a very promising, minimum turning point, the very first “taste” of an upcoming “landscape of change”.
Kipos3 is: a return to the public space a citizens – Municipality synergy an innovative form of place-making & story-telling a red and green infrastructure an application of urban resilience concept an urban experiment to redefine the idea of “citizen” instead of the “individual” a foodscape a meeting point a walk the everyday coffee hour an encyclopedia of a different urban natures a space to experiment with the long-lasting effects of the ephemeral a landmark for the city 11
Research & References
The emerging trend of transforming public spaces by groups of residents, as a result of the modern urban challenges (economic recession, lack of investment in urban infrastructure, the need to upgrade its immediate urban environment, need for self-expression and spontaneity), is reflected in the formation of the contemporary urban landscapes in different cities worldwide. Actually, the “urban commons” consist a new form of public space with great social, cultural and even political potential, and they are incorporated appropriately in the Municipalities’ strategies and action plans, while they create a scope of professional practice for a wide range of experts: planners, architects and designers, sociologists, geographers or cultural managers.
Pourquoi cultiver en ville?
The interesting blendings, coming up of these “urban yards”, “jardins partagées”, “campaignes urbaines” or “commonscapes”, among the different communities engaged and the different spatial qualities applied, mark more than utopias, contemporary urban realities, neighborhood landscapes, cultural symbolisms and urban manifests. Among the main functions are referred: Environmental dimension: changing the urban microcliatic conditions and introducing a new biodiversity Social and Cultural dimension: building a collective memory and identity between the engaged parts Economic dimension: except for the productive part , these spaces create opportunities for shared economy models In this unit, different models will be examined, concerning the form, the function and the core role of these spaces in the city.
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Kipos3 Project From Concept to Commitment
Adding value to the neighborhood In U.S.A., the tradition in volunteerism brings the communities more close to the formation of the urban space, protected by the Municipality. Interesting examples emerge when the motivation given top-down activate the bottomup action. Brooklyn waterfront (Brooklyn Greenway Initiative), NYC
Self-organisation and strategy building for an area of 14miles of a post-industrial waterfront, by the local communities of residents, entrepreneurs and employees.
High Line, NYC
The work of the Friends of High Line to claim and contribute in the redesign of the old train rails is considered pioneering. The real estate values increased impressively following the intervention at the Meatpacking District, even though the “gentrification� came as a consequent phenomenon.
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// Research & References
Grounds for Innovation City Growers, NYC
A group tansforming roofs into collective spaces.
Waldorf Astoria Rooftop Garden, NYC
A restaurant in a rooftop of NYC, projecting the “commons� as a lifestyle.
Thriving natures Lafayette Greens, Detroit In a shrinking Downtown like that of Detroit, the initiative of an entrepreneur to transform a former building into a garden for his employees, marked a new common ground for the whole city.
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Kipos3 Project From Concept to Commitment
A Business model ?
Prinzessingarten, Berlin
“Indeed, this garden started with this romantic image of cooperative gardening and learning, and also of personal growth and a dialogue about food. And indeed there was the question of how you would ever make money doing this. Selling the vegetables would be hopeless. However, processing the vegetables, cooking them, and offering that as a selling point at the garden cafe, and to then make money with this —this was the original idea of financing the garden�. (the creator Clausen, 2013)
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// Research & References
“The Prinzessingarten was pioneering because it showed the sites & social needs existing in the city and had not been fully understood. It showed a way of thinking about the city Âť (Clausen, 2013)
Place-making Soradofarm, Tokyo
A top-down initiative organized by the Municipality of Tokyo to add recreation in the commuting time spent in the central train station of the city
56 st blaise, Paris an in-between space is redesigned as a common yard
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Kipos3 Project From Concept to Commitment
Jardin DeMain, Montpellier
“Les éspaces délaisées” (the neglected spaces) are seen by the local authorities as the links to “restructure” the social cohesion in the city of Montpellier
103rd Street Community Garden, NYC
A mixed use park managed by the residents
City of Zaragoza
Tactical urbanism interventions change the image of the city
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// Research & References
VivaCidade, Aveiro
Art is set on the basis of the community empowerment
Gezi Park, Istanbul
On the occasion of the Taxim Square events in 2013, Gezi park marks an evolutionary era for the contemporary city of Istanbul
An efficient urban renewal
City of Adernach
The area cross the old city’s walls, acquires a new form of green managed by unemployed people
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Kipos3 Project From Concept to Commitment
PHX Renews, City of Phoenix
The point of reference for the 2014 CGIU Day of Action was an impressive example of how a vacant land can be seen by a Municipality as an “opportunity� to regenerate a city. Arizona State University, designers, groups of volunteers and restaurants work together for a social space
Grounds for Change: Activating Vacant Lots & Grounded Philly, Philadelphia
Cultivating Detroit & Detroit Future Strategy, City of Detroit
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// Research & References
596 Acres, NYC
LA Open Acres, LA
City of Glasgow Enable Glasgow Growing a Community “Stalled Spaces: A community fit... for a wee bit”
Guidelines to the neighbors by the City of Glasgow: “Rethink the vacant lot of your neighborhood as: a green gym/ play space/ outdoor exercise, a pop up sculpture, an exhibition space, a space for outdoor education, an arts project, an events/festival space, an urban beach, a pop up park, a growing space, or any innovative idea” (City of Glaskow, 2015)
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Kipos3 Project From Concept to Commitment
“Commons” in Greece In Greece we meer fragmented initiatives, most of them top-down with no real cultural dimensions, non well designed and non planned as commons. We find spontaneous forms of urban activism, capturing the public space, building a community, sometimes strong enough to practice political influence in the local authorities.
An old tradition
From the European medieval cloisters to the first garden cities of U.K., from the productive urban landscapes of the II World War in Europe and U.S.A. to the chinese communists’ structures, from the post-war “pocket gardens” of Aldo Van Eyck in the Netherlands to the first guerilla sunflowers of Liz Christy Bowery – Houston Garden in NYC of ‘70s, and from the prophetical collage of Agnes Denes «Wheatfield-A confrontation: Battery Park Landfill, Downtown Manhattan» in MoMa in 1982 to the Battery Urban Farm in the same place in 2014, the history of the “Commons” evolves as well as the history of the visions and ideas upon the “city of tomorrow” and the quality of the human life within it.
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// Research & References
Collage of Agnes Denes «Wheatfield-A confrontation: Battery Park Landfill, Battery Park, Manhattan, 2014 Downtown Manhattan» in MoMa in 1982
References: Arnstein, S.,1969. A Ladder of Citizen Participation, Journal of the American Institute of Planners. In LeGates, T.R. & Stout, F. (eds), The City Reader (1st ed. 1996), Routledge, Bristol Colding, J. & Barthel S., 2013. The potential of Urban Green Commons in the resilience building of cities, Ecological Economics 86, Elsevier, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. ecolecon.2012.10.016 [Accessed: 28/12/2014] Dussault, J., 2015. From Contention to Creation: Use of Public Space in Social Movements. Proceedings, Defining Landscape Democracy Conference, Centre for Landscape Democracy, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo - Oscarsborg, Norway, 3-6 June 2015, 100-101 Faczanyi, Z., 2013. Potentials of Urban Agriculture in Reflection of “The Thessaloniki Project - Red and Green””, YBL Journal of Built Environment, 201X/X Mostafavi, M., 2003. Landscapes of Urbanism. In Mostafavi, M. & Najle, C. (eds), Landscape Urbanism: A Manual for the Machinic Landscape, Architectural Association, London Gasparrini, C., 2015. In the City On the Cities, LISt Lab, Milan McDonough, W., 2003. Preface. Ιn Gissen, D. (ed), Big & Green: Towards Sustainable Architecture in the 21st century, Princeton Architectural Press, New York Mitchell, D., 2015. Claimnig a Right to Place in the Urban Landscape: Planning Resistance and Resisting Planning in Glasgow. Proceedings, Defining Landscape Democracy Conference, Centre for Landscape Democracy, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo - Oscarsborg, Norway, 3-6 June 2015 Plan NYC, 2013. A Stronger More Resilient New York, The City of New York, URL: http://smedia.nyc.gov/agencies/sirr/SIRR_spreads_Hi_Res.pdf [Accessed: 25/07/2015] Svendsen, E., 2013. Storyline and Urban Design: How Civic Stewardship Shapes Urban Design in New York City. In Pickett, S.T.A., Cadenasso, M.L., McGrath, B. (eds), Resilience in Ecology and Urban Design. Linking Theory and Practice for Sustainable Cities, Springer, New York 23
A “Garden” for Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki, the second city in Greece, concentrated special interest for the implementation of Kipos3 project; the small and fragmented remnant land within the city center, the absence of parks and citizens’ culture in the use of open spaces, 180.000 young people living in the city center and after the recession, limited budgets for urban infrastructure. It is characteristic that the 70% of the green spaces of the city is in the same form (with no redesign) for decades. In this context, Kipos was thought as a platform that could guide the reactivation of these last spaces within the city, a module that could appear everywhere, accessible by feet, close to every housing and combining the action of three groups: designers, Municipality, residents / companies. The target was every – even the most degraded neighborhood in the city center-, as “no territory is hopeless”. Primary and Secondary Schools are also tanks for change, bringing youth in the discussion of the public space and urban living quality as well as in the role of envisioning, designing and even constructing a better everyday landscape.
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Kipos3 Project From Concept to Commitment
2 out of 5 residents of Thessaloniki live in higher densities than the residents of New York City
Source: Metropolitan Development Agency Resilient Thessaloniki, Preliminary Resilience Assesement Report, Municipality of Thessaloniki, 2016
26
Kipos is special as 1) it lies within the city center, 2) it collaborates with Municipality (not a public land capture), 3) it is more than a cultivable area, it is the creation of a beautiful landscape using art and design as a driver for change, 4) it targets the community – not the self-sufficiency, 5) it is not a top-down social policy, but it creates synergies in order to get established as a cultural policy. In a neighborhood alerted only when the first planting pots were set up, the remnant green is managed today, after hard work of coordination and team-building, by 12 neighbors previously not knowing each other. It operates as a social space, a park, the evening walk, a “foodscape”, a hobby, a meeting point, the everyday coffee hour, a landmark for the city, even an “encyclopedia” of a different nature in the urban environment. The “food” in the case of KIPOS3, at the minimum scale of urban intervention, was used as the “carrot” to bring change, as the new, hopeful, unusual in the Thessaloniki’s reality, idea, powerful to activate a discussion into the Municipality’s offices and also in the city’s streets, appealing more than 3 other neighborhoods, schools, even other Municipalities.
// A “Garden” for Thessaloniki
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Implementation Process & Achievements
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Implementation & Achievements
process Diagram based on the “Stakeholders’ engagement plan”, PRA Report, Resilient Thessaloniki (2016), pg. 29 30
Kipos3 _ 2014-2016 The 1st Garden for the City of Thessaloniki total investment cost 3.500 euros
space
300 m2 84 m2 cultivable area 4-8 m2 open to experimentation space / family open 24h/day - 7days/week 0 vandalism events
10 families managing it active for 1 & 1/2 years living from 5 m to 1 km away from the garden’s fencing,
people
in a neighborhood of around 500 residents, in a city with a typical density 15.940 residents / km2 participants’ average age 45 years 1h spent / day / person in the Garden 2 community meetings / month
65% of the cultivated plants are edible 25% of the cultivable plants come from collected and locally regenerated
environment
2 Municipality Departments in collaboration
capacity
seeds (by the neighbors) & concern traditional or forgotten local varieties 2-3 forgotten varieties in each reaised bed 30-40 kg of harvest / semester / family
Department of Urban Environement Department of Urban Resilience & Development Planning
Proposals for collaboration from 3 more neighborhoods & 1 Municipality out of Thessaloniki participation in the Working
Group for the Public Space Development Strategy of the City of Thessaloniki, as part of the 100 Resilient Cities project
Best Practice in the Discovery Area: Co-Ownership of Public Space, Preliminary
formal reference of Kipos as a
Resilience Assesement Report, Municipality of Thessaloniki, as part of the 100 Resilient Cities project, pioneerd by the Rockefeller Foundation
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Implementation & Achievements
4 publications 25+ references of the project in scientific documents & press 3 referernces in PhDs as a case study 17 presentations in local and international forums 10 interviews to researchers, local and international journalists
about the concept and implementation of the project in Thessaloniki
5+ workshops in the garden for students and residents dissemination
90+ researchers visited the Garden as part of their research 160+ teachers attened lectures for the story of this project to get inspired for their schoolyards, 80+ of them visited the Garden 4 primary schools collaborated with the team of Kipos 30 students schools attened educational activities in the Garden 1 student award studying the case of Kipos 30 university students visited the Garden as part of their courses / projects
6 social & cultural projects referring to Kipos representatives from 20
cities from U.S.A. & Europe visited Kipos
representatives from 20 Kipos
Universities form U.S.A. & Europe visited
600 people like Kipos on Facebook Totally, at least 2000 people have heard about or visited Kipos within the 18 months of operation mean. 4 people / day 32
diagram showing the groups in collaboration
diagram showing the implementation process
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Implementation & Achievements
Institutions in Interaction Networking People or Institutions who asked to learn more, to visit, interview, study, watch or participate in Kipos3 project, as part of their research, acknowledging the project’s impact in the city of Thessaloniki City
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Institution
Project
Contact Name
Position
Architecture, Urban PlanningPlanning
linaliakou.arch@ gmail.com
Background
e-mail Resilient Thessaloniki 100 Resilient Cities, pioneered by the Rockefeller Foundation
Thessaloniki, Greece
Municipality of Thessaloniki
Lina Liakou
Deputy Mayor of Urban Resilience & Development
Thessaloniki, Greece
Municipality of Thessaloniki
Vaggelis Matziris
Service of Green, Department of Urban Environment
Forestry, Green Spaces’ Conservation
e.matziris@ gmail.com
Kipos3
Thessaloniki, Greece
Center for Environmental Education
Chrisoula Athanasiou
Director
Biology, Environmental Studies
xrisathanasiou@ gmail.com
Kipos3 Environmental Programs in Primary & Secondary Schools of Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki, Greece
ArtBox – Creative Arts Management
Christos Savvidis
Director
Art Projects’ Management
info@artbox.gr www.artbox.gr
Artecitya Thessaloniki (Residency Program for Artists)
Thessaloniki, Greece & Washington DC, U.S.A.
Municipality of Thessaloniki & Robert Bosch Fellowship Program “Start” (previously in Ashoka Greece)
Aphrodite Boukidis
Consultant on Urban Resilience & Start Program, Goethe Institute, Greece
International relations
aphrodite.boukidis @gmail.com
Start Program for Cultural Management, Robert Bosch Foundation & Goethe Institute, Greece
Thessaloniki, Greece
Aristotle University, School of Architecture
Maria Karagianni
PhD student, Department of Urban Planning
Regional Development
maria.a.karagianni@ gmail.com
PhD on Urban Green Commons
Thessaloniki, Greece
Aristotle University, School of Agriculture
Maria Partalidou
Associate Professor
Rural Sociology
parmar@ agro.auth.gr
COST Research Action TU1201 for Urban Allotment Gardens in Euroepean cities
Athens Greece
Panteion University of Social & Political Sciences
Theodosia Anthopoulou
Associate Professor
Social Geography
antho@ panteion.gr
Athens Greece
Fair Trade Hellas
Kelly Garyfalli
Project Manager
Food Systems Planning
activities@ faitrade.gr
COST Research Action TU1201 for Urban Allotment Gardens in Euroepean cities Food Smart Cities European Program
Utrecht, The Netherlands Coventry, UK
Municipality of Utrecht
Anne Marie Gout
Social Programs’ Management
Urban Management / Administration Grassroots Movements Food Systems
a.gout@utrecht.nl
Food Smart Cities European Program
buchanac@ uni.coventry.ac.uk
Bottom-up initiatives in Thessaloniki
University of Coventry, Christabel Centre of Agroecology, Buchanan Water & Resilience
PhD Student
City
Paris, France
Institution
University of Paris 1, Pantheon Sorbonne, Institute of Economic and Social Development
Contact Name
Kipos qui Pousse
Project Position Research Project of 4 master students: Laura, Clémence, Bettina & Lucie
Background
e-mail kipos.quipousse@ gmail.com
Urban Development
kiposquipousse. wordpress.com
Project on the parallel movements for urban green commons in France and Greece during the economic recession
Oslo, Norway
Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Landscape Architecture and Spatial PlanningStudies
Deni Ruggeri
Associate Professor
Architecture, Landscape Architecture, Urban Design
deni.ruggeri@ nmbu.no
Defining Landscape Democracy Research Center
Freiburg, Germany
ICLEI Europe – Local Governments for Sustainability
Vasilis Latinos
Officer
Sustainable Engineering, Urban Management
vasileios.latinos@ iclei.com
ICLEI research
Jena, Germany
Ernst-Abbe Hochschule Jena – University of Applied Sciences
Thomas Sauer
Professor of Economics, Department of Business
Geography, Economics
thomas.sauer@ fth-jena.de
Book: Cities in Transition & HORIZON 2020
Oldenburg, Germany
Jade University of Applied Sciences
Holm Kleinman
Emeritus Professor
Architecture, Urban Planning, Landscape Architecture
holm.kleinmann@ jade-hs.de
Kipos3
Aachen, Germany
ILS – Research Institut for Regional & Urban Development
Runrid-Fox Kaemper
Head of Research Group “Built Environment”
Architecture, Urban Development
runrid.fox-kaemper@ ils-forschung.de
Chair of Scientific Committee of the GROWING IN CITIES Conference, Chair of COST Action TU 1201 “Urban Allotment Gardens in European Cities”
Universita Degli Studi Firenze, DIDA (Dipartimento di Architettura)
Elisabetta Maino
Editorial board, Ri-Vista Research for Landscape Design since 2003
Architecture, Urban Design, Landscape Design
ri-vista@dida.unifi.it
Ri-Vista Foodscape Issue, January 2016
Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Robert Hersh
Director, Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Interdisciplinary & Global Studies Division
Geography, Environmental Studies
hersh@wpi.edu
“Engineering Projects with Social Impact”, Exchange Program, The American Farm School of Thessaloniki
Chicago, U.S.A.
School of Art Institute of Chicago
Eric Ellingsen
Visiting Professor
Architecture, Landscape Architecture
eric@speciesofspace. com
“Perceiving Academy”, in the context of Artecitya European Program Thessaloniki
Chicago, U.S.A.
Freelancer
Lynn Peemoeller
Food Systems Planning
Urban Planning, Activism, Art
“You Are the Food”, in the context of Artecitya European Program Thessaloniki
Halifax, Canada
Dalhousie University, Canada, Faculty of Agriculture
Robert France
Professor in Ecological Design
Environmental Studies, Landscape Architecture
lynn@ foodsystemsplanning. com www. foodsystemsplanning. com RFrance@Dal.Ca
Florence, Italy
Worcester, MA, U.S.A.
wpi.edu/+igsd
Book: Integrated Urban Agriculture: Precedents, Practices, Prospects
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Phase I : Mapping The first phase of the implementation was the detection of the appropriate, possible spaces for a pilot garden inside the city core; a process guided by the Department of Urban Environment, Service of Green. Unbuilt spaces were examined according to ownership parameters, accessibility and size, sense of neighborhood and appropriate conditions for plants’ growth. Among the main owners were the Church of Greece, the monastery Moni Vlatadon, the Metropolitan Church of Thessaloniki, the Catholic Church of Greece, as these own the majority of the last unexploited lots in the dense city core. The mapping concluded on top six spaces, appropriate for urban common gardening described below: 1. Agios Nicholaos Orphanos Church in Old City (Ano Poli), a monument under the protection of UNESCO. 2. The “Garden of 4 Seasons”, which is part of the new architectural intervention in the waterfront of the city . 3. Adjacent to the linear waterfront landscape architectural project, an abandoned field owned by the “Church of Greece” is sited. 4. A lot owned by the “Catholic Church of Greece” was studied for its potential reuse as it was also considered as a space in an enclosed neighborhood in the core of the city, well protected by a high fence. 5. The pilot garden could also gain a direct educational impact by being implemented next or inside the courtyards of schools and specially primary schools. 6. Last but not least, the Municipality proposed to participate in the green extension of a former hack stand in central location in addition to an urban Vineyard, set up about 3 years ago. This option was eventually chosen for the first pilot implementation as the most applicable and gained support by the Municipality of Thessaloniki, because of the prexisting gesture and the powerful symbolism of the area as a space open to urban experiments and ephemeral interventions.
April 2014 November 2014 Eleftheria Gavriilidou Eleni Oureilidou Maria Ritou Collaboration with: Department of Urban Environment, Municipality of Thessaloniki
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Implementation & Achievements
15+ open spaces mapped in the city center
6 posters in 6 neighborhoods asking people to get engaged
90+ positive answers
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// Phase I - Mapping
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Implementation & Achievements
// Phase I - Mapping
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Phase II : Building
After completing the process of “mapping the city”, the idea was implemented next to the existing public vineyard, a top-down Municipality’s initiative that never engaged the local community. KIPOS3 was brougth to add a garden for the neighborhood, for a limited time period, in order to review public approval. Several actions were employed aiming to get the citizens informed about the idea and to poll their reactions. Flyers with contacting details, and short description of the project with the moto “Don’t’s Shhhh but ACT!” were hanged up door-to-door. In a neighborhood alerted only when the first constructions were made, the first group of citizens was completed to stay the same one and a half years later. Among them, and the real “infrastructure” of the Garden, the head of the Center of Environmental Education, a competent gardener and fogotten seeds collector, an exceptional craftman and a traditional housewife. November 2014 March 2015 Eleftheria Gavriilidou Eleni Oureilidou Maria Ritou Collaboration with: Department of Urban Environment, Municipality of Thessaloniki Freelance Constructors
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Implementation & Achievements
// Phase I I - Building
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Implementation & Achievements
// Phase I I - Building
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Phase III : Changing a City With the experience of the Kipos garden created from scratch and operating in Thessaloniki successfully for one year, the second target would be a total re-approach of the green area as neighbourhood park open to design: the garden, the orchard, the vineyard, the space for walk, the space for meetings and free food tables, while a third goal would be every - even the most degraded - neighbourhood in the city. The common narration around the story of Kipos and the role playing that gradually developed among the participants (a craftman, an expert in traditional cultivation methods and plants, a specialist in collecting forgotten local seeds, two teachers active in environmental education programs) make up the main ingredients for the team building as well as the time spent in the garden, the common enthusiasm for the initiative, the hope that the city can change even in crisis, and even with low budgets, and the recognition of the external environment that this attempt could be exemplary for more neighbourhoods, municipalities and cities. The gradual introduction of more “players” in the network of Kipos, artists, primary and secondary schools, as well as activists or researchers is creating acceptance to a broader audience in the discussion of public space and urban life quality and the role of envisioning, designing and even constructing a better everyday landscape. The story of Kipos3 garden consists of a useful lesson on the reactivation of authorities and communities, a resilience lesson in crisis, a discussion on the top-down and bottom-up blending, the new role of citizens, designers and institutions, the power of vision and imagination in place-making and story telling for the renewal of every ostensibly hopeless land. The reference of Kipos as one of the best practices in the focus area of the “Co-ownership” of public space in the Preliminary Assesement Report for the Resilience Strategy of the City of Thessaloniki, under the project 100 Resilient Cities pioneered by the Rockefeller Foundation, responds to the question how small-scale initiatives have the potential to change not only the city experience by the users but also, the role of the citizens in the discussion for the city, the communication with the local authorities, and finally the development of a broader sensitivity on the quality of public space by all the engaged parts.
March 2015 present Eleftheria Gavriilidou Maria Ritou Collaboration with: Department of Urban Resilience & Development Planning & Department of Urban Environment, Municipality of Thessaloniki Centre of Environmental Education of Thessaloniki ArtBOX, Creative Arts Management
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Days in Kipos
15 05 25
50
// Phase I I I - Changing a City
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15 05 25
15 05 31
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// Phase I I I - Changing a City
15 07 08
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Towards a New Urban Ecology
15 05 25
15 05 31
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// Phase I I I - Changing a City
15 07 01
15 07 03
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15 07 08
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// Phase I I I - Changing a City
16 02 14
16 04 19
16 04 19
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Towards a New Citizen’s Profile
15 05 25
15 07 09
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// Phase I I I - Changing a City
16 02 14
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16 03 03
16 03 07
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// Phase I I I - Changing a City
16 06 22
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Educational Activities
15 10 31
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“Cultivating the City, Cultivating in Schools”: seminar for teachers Centre of Environmental Education, Direction of High School education in Thessaloniki Invited lecture & In Situ Visit entitled: “The world of urban commons: from urban gardens to school gardens. The experience of KIPOS3 project”
// Phase I I I - Changing a City
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15
Joint Postgraduate Program of Landscape Architecture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki visiting the Garden
16
Centre of Environmental Education, Direction of Primary School education in Thessaloniki Invited lecture Aristotle Univeristy of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Education
12 09
04 06
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// Phase I I I - Changing a City
16
Visit of Worcester Polytechnic Institute (Boston) exchange students from the American Farm School of Thessaloniki
16
Visit of 25 High School students
16
Visit of 30 Primary School students
04 11
04 17
05 19
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Implementation & Achievements
// Phase I I I - Changing a City
Educational exersises in the Garden, designed in collaboration with the Centre of Environmental Education 67
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Cultural Activities
15 12 18
Artecitya Thessaloniki, “The Unlearning Series� LABattoir, (Municipality of Thessaloniki & Goethe Institute): Installation
Exploring artworks from ragged materials found in remnant spaces within the city
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// Phase I I I - Changing a City
16 01 21
Artecitya Thessaloniki, “The Unlearning Series” (Municipality of Thessaloniki & Goethe Institute): Urban Action
“Mapping” the citizens’ needs & desires
16 02 28
Artecitya Thessaloniki, “Innovation Gym” (Municipality of Thessaloniki & Goethe Institute) Presenting Kipos3 as a “changemaking” innovative commitment with cultural, social & environmental impact in Thessaloniki
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16 04 04
16 05 20
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Artecitya Thessaloniki, Lynn Peamoller & Eric Ellingsen from Chicago visit Kipos team as part of their brainstorming for their residenceis with the projects “Food is You” & “Perceiving Academy” in Thessaloniki
Artecitya Thessaloniki, “The Unlearning series” Exhibition in Goethe Institut KIPOS3 Video Installation entitled “Getting Familiar in the Garden” with snapshots from the “neighborhood” building as part of this project. The best comment we heard was: “What you did is really contemporary”, from the art critique Eleni Garoufallia
// Phase I I I - Changing a City
The text we selected to be combined with the video: “The world is so empty if one thinks only of mountains, rivers & cities; but to know someone who thinks & feels with us, & who, though distant, is close to us in spirit, this makes the earth for us an inhabited garden� Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
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16
Artecitya Thessaloniki, “Food is You”, Lynn Peemoeller, Food Systems Planning, Chicago
16
Artecitya Thessaloniki, “Perceiving Academy”, Eric Ellingsen, Landscape Architect, School of Art, Institute of Chicago
07 KIPOS3 in a pick-nick with the garden’s products in the New Waterfront of Thessaloniki 05
07 06
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// Phase I I I - Changing a City
Discussing about the users’ experience of public space in different spots within thecity
16
Artecitya Thessaloniki, “Perceiving Academy”, Eric Ellingsen, Landscape Architect, School of Art, Institute of Chicago
07 Ephemeral interventions marking parts of the 12 cityscape
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International Interest
15 04 25
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100 Resilient Cities - Thessaloniki’s Resilience Challenge Workshop, Rockefeller Foundation, Municipality of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki: facilitator in stakeholders’ working group
// Phase I I I - Changing a City
15 06 02
15 06 07
Gavriilidou E., The urban landscape as a lever for democracy. Incentives for re-envisioning the landscape in times of crisis. The case of Thessaloniki, Greece. In Defining Landscape Democracy Conference, Centre for Landscape Democracy (CLaD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oscarsborg, Oslo, Norway. Proceedings pg.114-116, ISBN 978-82-575-1279-8
Gavriilidou E., Kafkoula K., Unraveling the concept of urban resilience through a landscape architectural approach. Learning from the world, rethinking Thessaloniki. In 52nd IFLA, International Federation of Landscape Architects, “History of the Future�, St. Petersburg, Russia. World Congress Proceedings pg. 501-6, ISBN 978-5-7422-4877-4
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15 06 24
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Gavriilidou E., Urban Green Commons: Emerging Landscapes in a Changing City Oral presentation In Changing Cities 2: Spatial, Design, Landscape & Socio-economic Dimensions, International Conference, Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly, Porto Heli, Peloponnese, Greece. Proceedings pg.1098-1107 & Book of Abstracts pg. 321 & 177, ISBN: 978-960-6865-88-6 / 85-5
// Phase I I I - Changing a City
15
Gavriilidou E., Urban Green Commons: Emerging Landscapes in a Changing City Oral presentation
06 In Changing Cities 2: Spatial, Design, Landscape & Socio-economic Dimensions, International Conference, 24 Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly, Porto Heli, Peloponnese, Greece. Proceedings pg.1098-1107 & Book of Abstracts pg. 321 & 177, ISBN: 978-960-6865-88-6 / 85-5
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// Phase I I I - Changing a City
16
Metropolitan Development Agency, Municipality of Thessaloniki
16
Fair Trade Hellas and Guests from European Municipalities are visiting the Garden
04 100 Resilient Cities pioneered by the Rockefeller Foundation 13 MiniLab. Discussing the challenges for the City of Thessaloniki with the Mayor and various Stakeholders
05 19
Their comment: “Did you make this in a volunteer base? We do this in our Municipalities!�, will remain unforgettable...
16
Falling Walls Lab, Goethe Institute Thessaloniki
06 16
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16 06 30
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Artecitya Thessaloniki ArtBox Creative Arts Management & Lynn Peemoeller from Chicago organising an interview with us and the cultivators about the story and evolution of Kipos3 project in time. The name of their documentary is “Food is You�
// Phase I I I - Changing a City
16 07 21
16 07 22
“Kipos qui Pousse� from Sorbonne, Paris (Master Students of Urban Development) meets Kipos3 Project! We inspired more people than we can imagine!
Journalist from Milano includes Kipos in a video oriented for the European Program Food Smart Cities for Development see --> www.milanurbanfoodpolicyact.org
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Eleftheria Gavriilidou Born: 17/09/1989 in Thessaloniki, Greece Contact: K. Palama 12, Filyro, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece t. +30 6975704260 elegvr@gmail.com
Eleftheria is an Architect, MLA Landscape Architect, graduate from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (2015), as a fellow of State Scholarships Foundation. She has exhibited her work in architectural and art exhibitions and participated in urban design workshops. She has focused on the transformative role of public space design in the age of socio-economic uncertainty. Since 2014 she runs the project Kipos3, creating the first common garden in the Municipality of Thessaloniki and promoting the idea of community aided design in the regeneration of public space. Currently, she works as an architect while she contributes in Thessaloniki 100 Resilient Cities, pioneered by the Rockefeller Foundation working team in the Metropolitan Development Agency, Municipality of Thessaloniki.
Education 2013-15 2007-13 2007
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th.) School of Architecture, MLA, Master of Landscape Architecture (2-year Curriculum) Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Architecture, Master Diploma in Architecture (5-year Curriculum) University of Macedonia Thessaloniki, Experimental High School Diploma
Experience Feb.-Jun. 2016 March 2016 -
March 2016 Apr. 2014 2013 - 2014 2011 - 2012
MLA Postgraduate Program in Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture External Assistant in the course: Theory and History of Urban Design, Prof. Alexandra Yerolympos (Architect, Urban Planner) Metropolitan Development Agency, Municipality of Thessaloniki Consultant of Urban Resilience, Urban Infrastructure and Environment for the project Thessaloniki - 100 Resilient Cities pioneerde by the Rockefeller Foundation (www.100resilientcities.org) TazLab Architects, Thessaloniki Kipos3 Project Design & Construction, Karidakis – Popovits & Associates, Thessaloniki School of Architecture, Aristotle University, Intern at the School’s Library and Exhibitions’ Design
Awards & Scholarships 2015 2014 2013-2015 2013 2011, 2009
Faculty Prize in Landscape Architecture: MLA A.U.Th. (1st graduate) Angelopoulos – Clinton Global Initiative Fellowship I.K.Y (State Scholarships Foundation) – SIEMENS: Fellowship of Excellence for Postgraduate Studies in Greece Faculty Prize in Architecture: School of Architecture, A.U.Th. (1st graduate) A.U.Th. / I.K.Y. reciprocal fellowship of excellence for graduate studies
Works featured 2015-2016 2013
LAB’attoir, Thessaloniki: “Art for Social Change” In the context of “Artecitya” (Municipality of Thessaloniki & Goethe Institute) ENTERviews on Crisis, Aristotle University & Institute HyperWerck Academy of Art and Design, University of Applied Sciences of Northwestern Switzerland. Presented also in Venice Biennale of Art “REALISE - The Resilience of Art in Liquid Crises” (“Turning Crisis into opportunity, Arising a Crisis Creative Intelligence, develop self – efficacy to strengthen democracy”) (2015) 2013 CMA | EDU 2013 Centre for Mediterranean Architecture in Chania, Crete. Exhibition of selected Design Theses 2012 “Rethinking Crisis” Venice Bienalle OPEN 15 international exhibition of contemporary art, San Servolo, A.U.Th.
Lectures, Symposia, Workshops 2015 2015 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011
ECOWEEK 2015 “Sustainability in Public Space”, Thessaloniki “Cultivating the City, Cultivating in Schools”. Seminar for teachers and professors Centre of Environmental Education, Thessaloniki International Master Class “Operative Territories: Re-designing the landscapes of tourism”, Sithonia, Chalkidiki, Greece “World Architecture Day. Happy Cities, Healthy Cities”, Central Hall. Technical Chamber of Greece Creativity + Design + Fast Forward, Creativity For.Th, Thessaloniki Youth Capital of Europe The City Wall Project: design workshop for creative urban interventions at the Old City of Thessaloniki, Istanbul Technical University Philippi Festival, “Hamlet by George Cheimonas”, Scenographic Curation, A.U.Th.
Languages 84
English. C2. Certificate of Proficiency in English, University of Michigan French. C1. DALF
// About Us
Maria Ritou Maria is an Agriculturist, MLA Landscape Architect, graduate from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (2015). In Spring 2011, she received a fellowship from the Lifelong Learning Programme, LLP/ERASMUS at the university of Florence, Italy, (departements of architecture and agriculture). During her postgraduate studies, she elaborated her thesis with subject “Configuration of coastal urban open spaces in Thessaloniki city”, while in 2012 she worked as an intern at the nursery of ornamental plants of the Municipality of Thessaloniki. Interested in landscape architecture and urban landscape, has attended meetings and seminars in Greece and relevant courses during the LLP/ERASMUS. Since April 2014, she runs the project Kipos3 as part of Angelopoulos Fellowships Programs 2014 and CGIU 2014.
Born: 25/08/1989 in Thessaloniki, Greece Contact: Vasilikou 1, 40 Ekklisies Thessaloniki, Greece t. +30 6948898157 ritoumaria@gmail.com
Education Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th.) School of Architecture, MLA, Master of Landscape Architecture (2-year Curriculum) 2013-15 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture & Viticulture (5-year Curriculum) 2007-13 Lifelong Learning Programme, LLP/ERASMUS at the University of Florence, Faculty of Agriculture (Universita degli studi di Firenze, 2010-11 Facolta di Agraria
Experience Interniship in the nursery of ornamental plants of the Municipality of Thessaloniki, Service of Green, Department of Urban 2012 Environment Kipos3 Project Apr. 2014 -
Awards & Scholarships Angelopoulos – Clinton Global Initiative Fellowship 2014
Educational Programs, Lectures & Workshops Attending the workshops “Summer Residencies”: Eric Ellingsen: Perceiving Academy / Lynn Peemoeller: “You are the Food” as part of Jun. 2016 the Artecitya project organised by the Goethe Institut of Thessaloniki “Cultivating the City, Cultivating in Schools”. Seminar for teachers and professors Centre of Environmental Education, Thessaloniki 2015 International Master Class “Operative Territories: Re-designing the landscapes of tourism”, Sithonia, Chalkidiki, Greece 2015 Attending the lecture “The role of planting in the renewal and sustainability of urban and suburban landscape: properties - design - 2013 evolution”, organised by the Aristotle Univeristy of Thessaloniki and the Municipality of Thessaloniki Attending the 4th Agrotica conference “New cultivations and Technologies in Agricultuure as prospect of development”, Helexpo, 2012 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Attending the lecture “Art & Landscape”, Martha Schwartz, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 2008
Languages English. C2. Certificate of Proficiency in English, University of Michigan French. B2. DELF Italian: B2. Diploma di Lingua Iatliana
More Interests 13 years Classical ballet, 3 years modern dance, 9 years lindy hop Courses in technical drawing and freehand drawing, AAS College, Thessaloniki
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Journal Gavriilidou E., Kleinmann H., Oureilidou E., Zafeiropoulos G.Z., Urban Agriculture in Thessaloniki. An Academic Project meets reality. In Ri-Vista Journal (Richerche per la progettazione del paessaggio), issue “Foodscape” 2015 (2), pg. 60-85, ISSN: 1724-6768
Proceedings Gavriilidou E., Ritou M., A yard out of nothing: Building a common landscape experience and place-making in Kipos3 project, Thessaloniki. In COST Conference, Growing in Cities, Hyperwerck University of Applied Sciences, Basel, Switzerland, 8-10 Sept. 2016 Gavriilidou E., Ritou M., KIPOS3 project: A Garden for Thessaloniki. Short paper & oral presentation. In COST Action TU1201 Meeting Report, Urban Allotment Gardens in European Cities, Thessaloniki, 17-19 March 2016, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Laboratory of Agricultural Extensions & Rural Sociology Gavriilidou E., Urban Green Commons: Emerging Landscapes in a Changing City Oral presentation In Changing Cities 2: Spatial, Design, Landscape & Socio-economic Dimensions, International Conference, Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly, Porto Heli, Peloponnese, Greece, 2226 June, 2015. Proceedings pg.1098-1107 & Book of Abstracts pg. 321 & 177, ISBN: 978-960-6865-88-6 / 85-5 Gavriilidou E., Kafkoula K., Unraveling the concept of urban resilience through a landscape architectural approach. Learning from the world, rethinking Thessaloniki. Paper & oral presentation. In 52nd IFLA, International Federation of Landscape Architects, “History of the Future”, St. Petersburg, Russia, 10-12 June 2015. World Congress Proceedings pg. 501-6, ISBN 978-5-7422-4877-4 Gavriilidou E., The urban landscape as a lever for democracy. Incentives for re-envisioning the landscape in times of crisis. The case of Thessaloniki, Greece. Paper & oral presentation. In Defining Landscape Democracy Conference, Centre for Landscape Democracy (CLaD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oscarsborg, Oslo, 1-3 June 2015, Norway. Proceedings pg.114-116, ISBN 978-82-575-1279-8 Gavriilidou E., Dedousi D., Oureilidou E., Ritou M., The city as a resource. In PECSRL 2014 (Permanent European Conference on the Study of the Rural Landscape) “Unraveling the logics of Landscape”, Gothenburg - Mariestad, Sweden, 8-12 Sept. 2014. Proceedings pg. 132 Gavriilidou E., Oureilidou E., Urban agriculture project in Lachanokipi district of Thessaloniki URC “Urban Regions Under Change” Conference, Hafen City University, Hamburg, 27 May 2014
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// Publications & References
Press VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=47TvZJ2nkWY&feature=youtu.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JYuUcHhHZw PRESS Article “ Kipos3: Α Garden in the cube”, Parallaxi magazine, 22-06-2015, http://parallaximag.gr/parallax-view/kipos-is-ton-kivo (in Greek) Article “Creating gardens in the City”, Iefimerida journal 19-06-2015 http://www.iefimerida.gr/news/212454/ftiahnoyn-kipoys-stin-poli-eikones-vinteo (in Greek) Central Newscast Skai TV, 18-06-2015 Central Newscast Alpha TV, 25-03-2015 Article “Urban gardening in a desert of cement”, Proto Thema journal 27-07-2014 NEWS https://www.facebook.com/cityasaresource/?fref=ts INTRODUCTION http://issuu.com/cityasaresource/docs/city_as_a_resource_portfolio
Referred as a Best Practice Liakou L., Kapetas L., Sitzoglou M., Boukidis A., Akylas V., Gavriilidou E., Resilient Thessaloniki - Preliminary Resilience Assessment, 100 Resilient Cities pioneered by the Rockefeller Foundation, Municipality of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, June 2016 Discovery area: “Co-Ownership of Public Space” find at: (In English) (In Greek)
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_zbMuz0nwfxMjA4bFIYIU4SzA https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_zbMuz0nwfxNDhRcU05X3ExS0k
Related Action Plans from other Cities of the network (San Francisco) https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_zbMuz0nwfxWIFud0o5MTI1cGs (Rotterdam) https://drive.google.com/open?id-0B_zbMuz0nwfxejVoYXFEZFdUS0k
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Acknowlegments
Kipos3 garden would not have been created without the Angelopoulos Clinton Global Initiative University Fellowships Program and the assistence of Mrs. Holly Taylor Sargent, Mr. Michalis Zacharatos and Mrs. Poly Boznou. Special thanks are given to the Mayor Yannis Boutaris, the Department of Urban Environment and Green, Municipality of Thessaloniki, and the Department of Urban Resilience and Development Programs, deputy Mayor Lina Liakou for the recognition of the garden as an initiative of vital value for the City of Thessaloniki. Many thanks are given to the Prof. Holm Kleinman for his incessant support to the idea as well as to the Centre of Environmental Education of Thessaloniki and the Dean, Mrs. Chrysoula Athanasiou for the inspiring collaboration. The garden would not exist without the enthusiasm and stewardship of the 10 neighbors and the exemplar gardener Mr. Yannis Karatakis
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