Invisible Networks - Understanding the city through the journeys of female asylum seekers - mapping by Elena Giral

REFUGEE Is a person that has left their country without possibility to return because of a threat to their lives or freedom. It is a legal term protected by international conventions.

26M

worldwide

MIGRANT is a person who has left their place of origin, regardless of the reasons. It is not a legally recognised or defined status.

She left first her city and then the cvountry after death threats linked to her denounce of irregularities in the school, in relation to drug cartels and corrupt polititians.

‘‘I went to France with a tourist visa and then came to Belgium’’

Ayssatou spent 7 months in a RC Centre in Ceuta and 1 month in Bilbao

‘‘The last day of the course I jumped on a train and dissapeared. ‘‘

Mexico [128.9M] >>11.2M · 46,8%

♀

Morocco [36.9M] >>3.26M ·47.7%

‘‘My fear was not to be killed. Its what they do to you’’

Colombia [50.8M]

♀

Milena,24

Beautician. Runs a foundation for children with low resources. As a child suffered dire violence in her family, living in a region where guerrilla conflicts are still active. She was forced to prostitute herself since the age of 13

♀

Senegal [16.7]

>>693.700 ·38%

Venezuela [28.4M] >>5.4M · 51.9%

‘‘We were 50 in the boat’’

♀

Sandra, 36

♀

‘‘In Dakar, a smuggler gave me a fake identity and a plane ticket’’

Mariama,37

Lamyae,19

She left morocco to run away from an abusive family where she was forced to stay at home to clean and cook.

Fatoumata,18

Linguist.Women’s health activist against female genital mutilation.

‘‘I traveled for 10 weeks, the group would change Audiovisiual technician. all the time. I crossed to Left Venezuela in 2018 due to the She fled death threats Mali, then Algeria, Morocco socioeconomic situation and political by a religious leader and and Spain. I traveled by threats, leaving her son behind family after denouncing a road and sometimes also case of FGM that led to walked. I was 16 at the time.’’ ‘‘I travelled 5 days the death of a girl. by bus to get to the Peruvian Jungle, where Guinea [13.1M] I sold icecream for a living’’. >>550.790 ·43.3% ‘‘They locked me in ‘‘I spent so many hours a small room with no in the street under windows and a dirty the sun and it was so mattress on the ground. ‘‘ hot. I suffered a lot of xenophobia in Peru’’

‘‘My house was almost falling appart and my mother was sick, so I took control of the house at a very young age. The building gets regularly raided. ‘‘

LEGEND - INDIVIDUAL JOURNEYS

46%

WOMEN. of all internationally displaced population are female.38% of the total are minors.

Place on the migration journey: Most journeys aren’t a straight line, and they require several stops Individual migration route: Some women took days to arrive, some took several years City journeys: movements that create their own vision of the city

*Name has been changed at the request of the person

Population

Colombia [50.8M] >> 3M · 54.5%

Population out of the country

RECEPTION: [9:30-11] & [19:30-23:30] Women arrive and depart from here. All appointments are made from here (medical, community services, activities..) It is also the central point to borrow things, from a stapler to the key to the TV room and where they can receive transportation tickets.

♀

Percentage of female migrants

Source: United Nations Population Division 2020

https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock

‘’I cannot practice my religion here. The space is very limitating’’.

EXIT PERMIT: A daily check-in is compulsory and they have to request authorisaton and give a warning if they will not spend some nights in the centre. They will lose their bed if they leave for more than 3 nights without it.

ADMINISTRATION: Each woman has an assigned social worker who oversees their files and advices them individually.

This step implies entering the system, in most cases a temporary accomodation while a place in an asylum center is being found according to each profile. Can take hours or up to a couple of months in some cases.

-1

GARDEN

THE PARK: It serves as a place for the children to play and for the women to spend some time outdoors. However, some women never spend time here, as parks are not a part of their culture.

KEY: Every room is locked. Residents have the key to their own rooms. However Red Cross workers have a master key, so there is not a truly ‘‘owned’’ space by the women.

The centre tried to create partnerships with ‘‘community kitchens’’ where the women could cook but it was not very successful.

COOKING: Residents cannot cook their own food, which is a significant barrier to expressing their cultural behaviour as well as a loss of autonomy.

‘‘I didn’t feel safe so I started runnning’’

WORK: As soon as they receive the Orange Card, asylum seekers can work.. They must pay tax and declare it to Fedasil, who will discount their housing expenses. However, many don’t do it and have to pay big sums when they get regularised

ERRANDS: ‘‘I walk in the shops or the supermarket. Even if I don’t buy anything it helps me forget a bit about my life’’.

BELFIUS: This is the bank of their accounts, so it conditions their movements significantly in order to avoid commissions.

‘‘I got lost on my way to the centre, I was really scared and I spent all the money I had in a taxi’’.

DEPARTURE: Here is where buses leave for ARRIVAL: Most people other destinations in Belgium come here when they and internationally, Including first arrive, as this point other reception centres appears in most stories

‘‘I felt like a fellon’’. It was a tiny space with no room to move or store my things. There are 9 cubicles per room with a curtain instead of a door. It was cold, and the food is horrible, my stomach hurt for a week’’.

-1st phase RECEPTION REGISTRY FORM FINGERPRINTS EU DATABASE TRANSITIONAL SHELTER WHILE BEING ASSIGNED A PLACE IN A RECEPTION CENTRE

‘‘On tuesdays morning I do a cleaning service here’’.

Dublin III (EC 604/2013):

-1st INTERVIEW EXAMINATION OF DUBLIN PROCEDURE ELIGIBILITY FOR REQUEST TO BE EXAMINED BY BELGIUM

NORMALLY WITHIN 30 DAYS AFTER NOTIFICATION

Determine which country is responsible to examine the request. In general it is the first country of arrival. However, there are other criteria: family considerations, recent possession of a visa or residence permit of a member state, and whether an applicant has entered the EU legally or illegally. If the process determines it is not Belgium’s responsibility, then the corresponding country will be requested to receive the applicant, who will be put in a temporary centre waiting to be repatriated. This can take up to 2 months.

-3rd phase RECEPTION SOCIAL SERVICES FOR INTEGRATION After obtaining refugee status, individuals have the right to reside in Belgium for a period of five years, starting from the day they applied for asylum. After this period of five years, they will be given permanent residence.

IDENTITY:‘’I come here to find other Senegalese, I really like how the street feels, how people have taken the space. [..]we buy products from our country, and get support from our compatriots, we feel a bit at home, before I go back to the centre.’’.

EDUCATION, activities & support services 1-PLOEF! Rue Bonaventure 100, 1090 - Theater association/ homework school 1-Hopital Brugmann - Place A.Van Gehuchten, 1020 -medical follow up, psychiatry 2-Creche Arbre de vie Rue Camille Simoens 9, 1030 2-Emergency room Place A.Van Gehuchten, 1020 Bruxelles 3-Actiris - Rue Léon Theodor 108, 1090 trainings and job search 3-Queen Fabiola Children’s hospital - Avenue Jean Joseph Crocq 15, 1020 4-Music Academy - Rue du Saule 1, 1090 4-Hopital UZ - Avenue du Laerbeek 101, 1090 5-La recré ASBL 26, rue Esseghem - activities for kids 0-3years old ‘‘I feel good in this city 5-ONE Brugmann - Place A.Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Bruxelles service for pregnant 6-Fire Gym Rue Auguste Hainaut 48/C, 1090 - special access for MENA because it’s calm. I also women and new mothers 7-Agentschap integratie en inburgering – BON - multiple adresses - integration like it because there are 6-ONE – Jette - Rue Léopold I 337, 1090 Jette 8-SB Overseas-Rue du Progrès 231, 1030 activities for refugees many migrants, and they 7-Planning Familial Leon Theodor 108. (contraception, youth 9-Cours de Promotion social Erasme Chaussée de Mons 700, 1070 - alphabetizahelp eachother’’. 8-GAMS – Rue Gabrielle Petit 6, 1080 Follow up for Female Genital Mutilation tion, French classes 9-Constats Rue Jules Vieujant 9, 1080 - certification of scars due to violence 10-IAPS - Waversesteenweg 1649, 1160 - Social Promoton school 10-Cemavie - Rue Haute 320, 1000 - certification & follow up FGM 11-Cité ‘‘LAMINATED COPY’’: If des métiers - Avenue de l’Astronomie 14, 1210 - training and orientation 11-Ulysse – Rue de l’Ermitage 52, 1050 - mental health – workshops mother child 12-Bruxelles formation - network of centres I lost my orange card it 12-EXIL - Avenue de la Couronne 282 - Psychological follow up exile and migration would be a nightmeare. 13-Primary school La Sagesse Philomene Rue Potagère 74, 1210 13-Woman do – Drève de La Brise 28, 1170 body reappropiation 14-IEPSCF - Rue Gatti de Gamond 95, 1180 - School for French after A1 level SEND MONEY BACK 14–Women Now - galeries agora 103 -Social support for women 15-Convivial Rue du Charroi 33, 1190 support to housing material, clothing, proHOME: ‘‘I come here once 15 – Red Oasis- rue de la mongagne 54, 1000 - social support fessional guidance, equivalence diploma, integration on French Belgium a week. It takes me over 16 CSD Central Services Domicile -Babyzen Rue St.Bernard 43, 1060 an hour to avoid taking 16-Vestiboutique - RC Schaerbeek – Rue Anatole France, 1030 - clothing 17- Campus C.E.R.I.A - Avenue Emile Gryson 1, 1070 - Training the metro, but it is the ‘‘I work as a caregiver in Liedekerke’’. 18- School Victor Horta - Avenue des Anciens Combattants 200, 1140 best rate to send money

to Venezuela’’.

or for

simplified version the reception of

of the ‘‘official asylum asylum seekers, FEDASIL.

She won a scholarship for an arts course in Portugal. ‘‘The day I went to the airport was the happiest day of my life. We went at 3am so nobody would stop us, I was completely covered in the taxi’’

‘‘I thought I was going to the UK and it turned out to be Belgium’’

♀

Cameroon [25.5M]

Fortune,24

♀

Aamiina, 17

Student and caregiver.

Student of pre-nurse training ‘‘My mother helped her flee to Kenya paying a smuggler who gave me a passport and a plane ticket’’. I lived 4 months with his wife, helping at his house. I was 15 years old’’.

Afghanistan [38M]

>>5.85M · 44.9%

CARING FOR OTHERS: ‘‘ I am a volunteer in a care centre, and afterwards I go help some children with homework in an afterschool centre’’

19 - Secondary School don Bosco- Avenue du Val d’Or 90D, 1150 20 - Institut Dominique Pire - Rue De Lenglentier 6/14, 1000 21 - Institut Sint Guidon - Place de Sainte-Adresse 12, 1070

Rasika,18

She had to flee due to the threats of the Taliban against her father who worked for an American company and afther they tried to kidnap her to prevent her from going to school.

‘‘On tuesdays I go to Overijse in the afternoon to clean in a house, it takes me almost 2h to get there after my morning job’’.

Michelle was trafficked to South Korea, where prostitution is punished with death penalty at age 18.

‘‘They hit me with a metal bar’’

‘‘I would only go out when it was dark, and I missed a lot of class because I was very scared. I decided to wear a full hijab so nobody could recognise me ‘‘

She suffered violence in her original Somalia.

INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT.

DISPLACEMENT

79.5M or

1% of the world population

is displaced. Displacement includes internal movements in the country of origin due to violence or insecurity.

‘‘I go a lot to Tervuren because that is where my Tutor lives. She is no longer my guardian because i am not a minor but she still helps me a lot ’’.

ADMINISTRATION 1- Commune Jette – Chaussée de Wemmel 100, 1090 - Orange card / 3 months 2- La poste - Rue Ferdinand Lenoir 29, 1090 procedures and certified mail 3-Belfius – Boulevard de Smet de Naeyer 2/a, 1090 - assigned bank 4 -Police station - Place Cardinal Mercier 11, 1090

♀

Student. Works in a logistics centre in Antwerp.

Somalia [15.4M]

>>2.34M · 47.7%

Once the person has received the status of refugee or a subsidiary protection status, they will exit the ‘‘asylum’’ process and be chanelled into the social structures available in the country.

‘‘THey didn’t give me much food so I was hungry. I entered a shop where I was followed around. A woman accused me of stealing the money I had, so they kicked me out and I coldn’t eat that day’’

‘‘Mondays I do a baby sitting here. I do take the metro because it is really far’’.

‘‘I felt very welcome, they gave us tea and biscuits’’

-2nd INTERVIEW DEEP BACKGROUND CHECK LEADS TO DECISION ON INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION

This image represents an idealised procedure withh the Federal agency

>>441.000 · 50.3%

BUY: Many residents come here to buy products at low prices, often sold directly in the street

‘‘I like to go to the Grand Place because they have nice chocolate’’.

WAITING IN THE COLD: ‘‘You have to wait in a long queue in the street’’

SLEEP: Often newly arrived, including minors, spend 2-3 nights sleeping at the station before finding their way to the registration points or heading to a police office.

EXAMINATION OF THE FILE AFTER APPEALS

UNACOMPANIED MINORS CAN BE TAKEN TO AN ‘‘ORIENTATION AND OBSERVATION CENTRE FOR SOME WEEKS

[THIRD RECEPTION LEVEL]

Source: Belgian Red Cross

‘‘On Friday I go all the way to Zaventem to clean in a company’’.

RELIGION: ‘’I go to the cemetery because it is the only place where I feel I can practice Santeria, for which I need to be surrounded by the dead. I cannot keep a skull in my room in the centre’’.

-2nd phase RECEPTION -

Once registered as an asylum seeker, the person can be hosted in a center and receive support while the process is being developped. During this time elligibility for asylum, and later the request itself will be evaluated.

FOOTBALL: In kraainem there is a team of asylum seekers and they play also with locals. The centre provides transport and equipment

CONNECTIONS: ‘‘ I come here often with friends I met at the centre for minors. It’s a nice place to take selfies’’.

DETOUR: At night, women avoid crossing the park.

2-4[SECOND RECEPTION LEVEL] 1-24 m

AGENCY refers to the capacity of asylum seekers to use and appropriate spaces. It can also refer to personal agency regarding the autonomy or free will in their daily lives and actions.

COMMUNITY SERVICE: Residents can suscribe to different activities such as cleaning, laundry, food service.. in order to earn a small amount of money for their personal spendings.

EATING: [6:30-8:45] & [11:45-12:45] & [17:30-18:30] Residents receive food 3 times a day at specific times. The menu is fixed but adapted to dietary restrictions. Only certain people get an afternoon snack like minors or people with some health problems.

HEALTH

Country

Place of origin: Journeys start in the place they had to flee

CURFEW: Residents must be back in the centre before 10pm.

‘‘I was living with this man.. but one day he got really drunk and threw me out to the street in the middle of the night. I spent the night outside and the following day I went to petit chateau’’.

‘‘I escaped one night while the family was in a religious ceremony. I tricked the guards and ran through the smallest gate of the compound, towards the highaway, hoping somebody would pic me up. ‘‘

She grew up in a very bad neighbourhood, surrounded by drug kitchens.

CURFEW: After 10pm, the narco groups do ‘‘clean ups’’. They hand in panphlets with ‘‘rules’’..they will kill anybody that is still in the street at night after 10pm.

♀

‘’They touched my things. You shouldn’t touch my things’’.

INDIVIDUAL ACCOMPANIMENT: Each resident has an assigned worker who is in charge of overseeing their files and helping them throughtout their reception and stay in the centre. They meet once a month.

RELAX: ‘‘On Wednesdays I go watch kids play at 4pm. For me it is the most important appointment of the week,like going to watch a movie. I sit there sometimes, I even swing a bit. it brings me joy. I Go back at 7pm for the prayer’’

DEBIT CARD: Asylum seekers are entitled to certain allowances depending on their situation and needs. They receive them in cash in a bank account opened for this purpose.

1[FIRST RECEPTION LEVEL] 1-3weeks

LUDOTHEQUE: Here mother and babies can find a safe space to play and create bonds while developing basic motor skills

NURSE: Asylum seekers are Deputy Director entitled to health assistance. An in-house nurse carries routine Director chekups and facilitates medical appointments with other centres and hospitals. LAUNDRY: It is not possible to do your own laundry. It is collected at certain times and done by somev of the residents, as part of the in-house working opportunities. MATERIAL ASSISTANCE: Some products used to be given ‘‘in kind’’ (hygiene, cleaning..). However this has been subsistuted first, by a system of ‘‘tokens’’ to use the inhouse shop. ALLOWANCES: Now they receive cash in their credit card to use in any regular shop.

She requested asylum in the Netherlands in 2019, passing through 8 different centres.

She migrated to NY in 2018, where she was exploited working illegally as a nanny.

She escaped being kidnapped jumping on a speed bump and crossing the road

>> 3M · 54.5%

GLOBA

worldwide

Lawyer and school teacher.

MENA Room: minor girls have this space specificately dedicated to them. They can read or watch movies.

LEARNING: This room holds language and literacy classes for those mothers who cannot leave the centre at the moment. It is also used as a meeting room, storage facility, and general backup room.

4.2M

Laura,58

I N V I SIBLE N E T WORKS Isolated women with children or female minors

Image by the author. Data source: https://www.fedasil.be/fr/les-centres-daccueil

Source: UNHCR 2020 https://www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html

The intention is to raise a reflection on their urban lives and integration in the city of Brussels through their spatial agency and appropiation of space while understanding a complex asylum system from a territorial perspective.

Image by the author. Data source MYRIA - Centre Federal de Migration

Asylum seekers are waiting to get a response to their asylum claim. It can take several years, which makes it very hard to project themselves in the future. This affects their ability to find jobs, study or rent their own accomodation.

TV ROOM: Residents need to book the use of the room leaving their badge at the reception to get the key. the one who gets it first will decide what to see

THE RIGHT TO RECEPTION

73%

MIGRATION HAPPENS AMONGST NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES.

45.7M people are

displaced within their own country due to violence, conflict or poverty

Vincent Rif, Asile et Migration, 2015 in À la rencontre de l’autre, Croix Rouge de Belgique, 2015.

TEMPORALITY

This cartography represents the global migration journeys and the urban movements of 9 female asylum seekers currently residing in the Red Cross Reception Centre for Asylum Seekers in Jette.

ASYLUM SEEKER Is a person that has requested International Protection in a third country, and is in the process of waiting for a response.

95 residents 22 nationalities

THE OFFICIAL ASYLUM PROCEDURE

‘‘I found a job in Antwerp because I learnt Dutch in school. I work there in the weekends and holidays’’.

JOURNEY

Understanding the city through the journeys of female asylum seekers Elena Giral Alonso - Master of Human Settlements

TERRACE: It remains closed after neighbours complained that the women would hang their clothes to dry here

Source: UNHCR 2020 https://www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html

INVISIBLE NETWORKS

THE RED CROSS RECEPTION CENTRE IN JETTE

95 residents 22 nationalities

TV ROOM

CURFEW: 10/11vpm

Source: Belgian Red Cross

RECEPTION: [9:30-11] & [19:30-23:30]

26M

worldwide

MIGRANT is a person who has left their place of origin, regardless of the reasons. It is not a legally recognised or defined status.

Director NURSE

Image by the author. Data source MYRIA - Centre Federal de Migration

REFUGEE Is a person that has left their country without possibility to return because of a threat to their lives or freedom. It is a legal term protected by international conventions.

[THIRD RECEPTION LEVEL]

Deputy Director

Image by the author. Data source: https://www.fedasil.be/fr/les-centres-daccueil

Source: UNHCR 2020 https://www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html

2-4[SECOND RECEPTION LEVEL] 1-24 m

INDIVIDUAL ACCOMPANIMENT

CLASSROOM

worldwide

During the process of requesting International Protection, asylum seekers in Belgium are entitled to Reception, which consists on ‘’material support’’, medical and social assistance and to be hosted in a reception centre. This step implies entering the system, in most cases a temporary accomodation while a place in an asylum center is being found according to each profile. Can take hours or up to a couple of months in some cases.

LUDOTHEQUE

MENA Room

4.2M

THE RIGHT TO RECEPTION

1[FIRST RECEPTION LEVEL] 1-3weeks

Isolated women with children or female minors

ASYLUM SEEKER Is a person that has requested International Protection in a third country, and is in the process of waiting for a response.

THE OFFICIAL ASYLUM PROCEDURE

TERRACE

ADMINISTRATION

EATING: [7:00-8:45] & [11:45-12:45] & [17:45-18:30] STORAGE

GARDEN

-2nd phase RECEPTION -

EXAMINATION OF THE FILE AFTER APPEALS

UNACOMPANIED MINORS CAN BE TAKEN TO AN ‘‘ORIENTATION AND OBSERVATION CENTRE FOR SOME WEEKS

-1st phase RECEPTION REGISTRY FORM FINGERPRINTS EU DATABASE TRANSITIONAL SHELTER WHILE BEING ASSIGNED A PLACE IN A RECEPTION CENTRE

Dublin III (EC 604/2013): -1st INTERVIEW EXAMINATION OF DUBLIN PROCEDURE ELIGIBILITY FOR REQUEST TO BE EXAMINED BY BELGIUM

NORMALLY WITHIN 30 DAYS AFTER NOTIFICATION

-3rd phase RECEPTION SOCIAL SERVICES FOR INTEGRATION

46%

WOMEN. of all internationally displaced population are female.38% of the total are minors.

MY NOTES

After obtaining refugee status, individuals have the right to reside in Belgium for a period of five years, starting from the day they applied for asylum. After this period of five years, they will be given permanent residence.

HEALTH 1-Hopital Brugmann - Place A.Van Gehuchten, 1020 -medical follow up, psychiatry 2-Emergency room Place A.Van Gehuchten, 1020 Bruxelles 3-Queen Fabiola Children’s hospital - Avenue Jean Joseph Crocq 15, 1020 4-Hopital UZ - Avenue du Laerbeek 101, 1090 5-ONE Brugmann - Place A.Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Bruxelles service for pregnant women and new mothers 6-ONE – Jette - Rue Léopold I 337, 1090 Jette 7-Planning Familial Leon Theodor 108. (contraception, youth 8-GAMS – Rue Gabrielle Petit 6, 1080 Follow up for Female Genital Mutilation 9-Constats Rue Jules Vieujant 9, 1080 - certification of scars due to violence 10-Cemavie - Rue Haute 320, 1000 - certification & follow up FGM 11-Ulysse – Rue de l’Ermitage 52, 1050 - mental health – workshops mother child 12-EXIL - Avenue de la Couronne 282 - Psychological follow up exile and migration 13-Woman do – Drève de La Brise 28, 1170 body reappropiation 14–Women Now - galeries agora 103 -Social support for women 15 – Red Oasis- rue de la mongagne 54, 1000 - social support 16 CSD Central Services Domicile -Babyzen Rue St.Bernard 43, 1060

EDUCATION, activities & support services 1-PLOEF! Rue Bonaventure 100, 1090 - Theater association/ homework school 2-Creche Arbre de vie Rue Camille Simoens 9, 1030 3-Actiris - Rue Léon Theodor 108, 1090 trainings and job search 4-Music Academy - Rue du Saule 1, 1090 5-La recré ASBL 26, rue Esseghem - activities for kids 0-3years old 6-Fire Gym Rue Auguste Hainaut 48/C, 1090 - special access for MENA 7-Agentschap integratie en inburgering – BON - multiple adresses - integration 8-SB Overseas-Rue du Progrès 231, 1030 activities for refugees 9-Cours de Promotion social Erasme Chaussée de Mons 700, 1070 - alphabetization, French classes 10-IAPS - Waversesteenweg 1649, 1160 - Social Promoton school 11-Cité des métiers - Avenue de l’Astronomie 14, 1210 - training and orientation 12-Bruxelles formation - network of centres 13-Primary school La Sagesse Philomene Rue Potagère 74, 1210 14-IEPSCF - Rue Gatti de Gamond 95, 1180 - School for French after A1 level 15-Convivial Rue du Charroi 33, 1190 support to housing material, clothing, professional guidance, equivalence diploma, integration on French Belgium 16-Vestiboutique - RC Schaerbeek – Rue Anatole France, 1030 - clothing 17- Campus C.E.R.I.A - Avenue Emile Gryson 1, 1070 - Training 18- School Victor Horta - Avenue des Anciens Combattants 200, 1140

19 - Secondary School don Bosco- Avenue du Val d’Or 90D, 1150 20 - Institut Dominique Pire - Rue De Lenglentier 6/14, 1000 21 - Institut Sint Guidon - Place de Sainte-Adresse 12, 1070 ADMINISTRATION 1- Commune Jette – Chaussée de Wemmel 100, 1090 - Orange card / 3 months 2- La poste - Rue Ferdinand Lenoir 29, 1090 procedures and certified mail 3-Belfius – Boulevard de Smet de Naeyer 2/a, 1090 - assigned bank 4 -Police station - Place Cardinal Mercier 11, 1090

Vincent Rif, Asile et Migration, 2015 in À la rencontre de l’autre, Croix Rouge de Belgique, 2015.

-2nd INTERVIEW DEEP BACKGROUND CHECK LEADS TO DECISION ON INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION