computational design portfolio by Eleni Skevaki

eleni maria skevaki

K N O T T E D

MOCK RUINS S M L XL

O N

P O P ) (

C O N C R E T E CHOREOGRAPHY

K L AT H M O N O S S Q U A R E

E N TA N G L E D

WORKSHOPS INTERNSHIPS

G L O R I O U S G A L A X Y

R O B O T I C D R A W I N G

SINTERBECKENPLATZ

T I M B R E R ASSEMBLIES

p. 32-37

01 p. 8-21

p. 44-47

p. 24-25

p. 48-51

02 p. 22-23

10 p. 52-55

p. 6-7

cv 07 p. 40-43

p. 26-31

12 00 p. 60-61

12 p. 56-59 06 p. 38-39

WORK EXPERIENCE

PERSONAL INFO Nov 2017Feb 2018

Eleni Maria Skevaki 04.08.1991, Athens (Greece) 85, kolokotroni st, kato Pefki (GR) eskevaki@gmail.com Greece: +306932891077

Oct 20192021 2018-2019

SOFTWARE

Specialization Master Degree: Research in Architecture: Architectural Design - Space Culture (NTUA)

Autocad Rhino(+Tsplines) Grasshopper (+plugins) V-Ray Keyshot Arduino(C) GHPython C# Processing(Python+Java) Adobe Illustrator Adobe Indesign Adobe Photoshop Cura/Simplify3d/IdeaMaker Meshmixer Autodesk Netfabb Maya Zbrush

Master of Advanced Studies ETH in Architecture and Digital Fabrication thesis in the chair or Gramazio Kohler & Digital Building Technologies tutors: Mathias Bernhard (DBT), David Jenny (GKR), JesĂşs Medina (GKR) Marius Neamtu (IfU EFM), Ulrike Pfreundt (IfU GWH) Marie Griesmar (ETH LibraryLab)

National Technical University Of Athens (NTUA) grade 8.76/10 Towards A Non-Standard Architecture | From the mechanical to the algorithmic imprint dissertation in the department of architectural theory, tutors: Panagiotis Tournikiotis, Christian Girard

grade 10/10

grade 9.3/10

2013-2014

ENSA Paris Malaquais

2007-2009

2nd General Lyceum of Pefki

Master 1 Exchange Program Erasmus 10 months

grade of completion: 19.6/20

LANGUAGES Greek English French German

Fabric formed Internship for Arrodesign development and construction of fabric-formed cantilevers, wall panels and precast stair threads. exposure to working on the construction site of a 1200sqft house

Dec 2014

Internship for Robofold London, UK volunteer as an intern during a production run (robotic metal folding) Assembly of a 1/4 mockup and preperation for shipping of stainless steal leafs for Treaty Centre Sculpture. Introduction to IO software

2012

Internship for NTUA in Systematic Analysis Of Vernacular Buildings And Settlements Peloponnese, Greece morphological and structural analysis of specific typologies of habitation in Mani such as two-stored houses, towers or tower houses

PERSONAL TIME online courses Creative Coding by MONASH UNIVERSITY programming using the Processing environment

Mock Ruins | 4 gardens in the concrete body of Athens diploma project in the department of architectural theory tutors: Panagiotis Tournikiotis, Tilemaxos Andrianopoulos (TAN)

competition for the construction of a new square at a site with industrial heritage in Belval, Luxembourg. conception and development of design proposal. (1st prize) digital+physical models for other projects including Luxembourg Pavilion for DUBAI EXPO2020

Vermont, USA

EDUCATION

Computational Clay Coral City | Robotic Clay Aggregation for engineered coral reefs

2010-2017

Jul-Aug 2017

Internship for Metaform Architects Luxembourg, Luxembourg

Mother C2 Tongue

Begin Robotics by UNIVERSITY OF READING An introduction to robotics

OPEN HOUSE ATHENS 2015

volunteer as a guide for architectural event Athens, Greece

3D printing reading prusa i3 mk2s ultimaker 3 extended Raise3D N2 Plus

traveling

social media

WORKSHOPS June-July 2019

Computational Design and Engineering of Tensioned Formworks for Concrete Shells

DISTINCTIONS/EXHIBITIONS/CONFERENCES June 2019

competition for the design of two facades for two neigh buildings in a Tech park in Bengaluru, India

By Prof. Dr. Philippe Block+Dr. Tom Van Mele - Block Research Group (BRG) in the context of DigitalFutures in Tongji University, Shanghai, China

Intense workshop based on COMPAS software to design and realize a large-scale concrete shell, built using a cable-net and fabric formwork

August 2016

By Karola Dierichs+Achim Menges- Institute for Computational Design The notion of designer matter was introduced through experimentation with particles made from hygroscopic actuated wood that moved from a convex linear to a double non-convex hook-shaped geometry. Two different prototypes were constructed which utilized cable robots, aerial robots, locally sourced straw as well as the particles, treated as robotic matter themselves

February 2015

26 Νovember 2018

3D PRINTING | ALGORITHMS By SpaceUnder, Office for Practice and Research A series of 3d printed models were studied, exploring parametric variations of a systematized code while a desktop 3dprinter was working in a feedback loop. Focus was put on different configurations, 3dprinting boundaries as well as issues of smoothness in the digital and physical model

International Conference ECHOPOLIS 2018 “Nature and Culturebased strategies and solutions for cities and territories” coauthor with Christos Montsenigos of paper Mock ruins -/+: 4 cases of unfinished construction sites in the Athenian city centre, which was presented as part of Special session III of the conference «Spatial strategies and built heritage»

Hygroscopic Aggregate Structure (ICD) Stuttgart

Finalist in Sqrfactor competition Skins

Nov 2017Feb 2018

1st prize with Metaform Architects & Latz + Partner in the international competition to design Belval's new square competition for the construction of a new square at a site with industrial heritage in Belval, Luxembourg.

MayJune 2018

Adaptive Reuse: cultural heritage towards a new sustainable future exhibition at KAM, Center of Mediterranean Architecture diploma project Mock Ruins was selected to be presented at Grand Arsenal – CAM, Chania within the framework of Sustainable Heritage Week

January 2016

Urban Depository Urban Sign exhibition at Benaki Museum Urban Sign exhibition of the entries to the Pan-Hellenic students’ architectural competition for the design of a wooden structure.

December 2015

Honorable Mention: Homeless Hover Homeless Cover Competition by Rethinking Architectural Competitions

September 2014

Workshop2014Beta:: METALLIC FREEFORM STRUCTURES by Faberarium in collaboration with Cavazos & Associates The objective was to design a self supporting grid with structural rigidity through tessellation made of aluminium profiles, and a component with rigid folds made of Etalbond composite material. Digital manufacturing and CNC routing was provided by ETEM&ELVAL COLOUR and final construction was presented at MEGARO Music Hall

September 2014

competition for creating a minimum shelter for homeless people

December 2015

In reference to the archetypical shrine (ikonostasi) of the Orthodox church, a place of worship for Le Corbusier was put together as a new age , sparkly and heavily embellished ICONostasi, on the occasion of #decorbuziers exhibition which was conceived as a memorial marking 50 years since the death of the architect. The project was selected after a competition launch

ArchitecTUNED Workshop by National Technical University Of Athens Architectural engineering workshop for the design of a pavilion for the housing of the ‘Europe in the Ionosphere’ event

ICONostasi #decorbusiers exhibition at ROMANTSO cultural center, Athens

September 2015

Researchers’ Night: The Greek events exhibition at NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS

01 Mock Ruins [2017] diploma project

4 Gardens in the concrete body of Athens tutors: Tilemaxos Andrianopoulos Panagiotis Tournikiotis

with Christos Montsenigos

software: Rhino3d, PlantFactory, Keyshot, Adobe ''I guess itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a pregnant void, isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t it, in some ways.'' Gordon Matta Clark The plethora of unfinished buildings sites in Athens is treated as an opportunity to imagine hybrid spaces, oscillating between garden and ruin. The experiment is undertaken in four different scales. Each scale introduces a greater scale of intervention as well as new program elements. Light and circulation are the main factors that dictate these interventions which include "cuts" in the original structural frame of the abandoned structures but also the introduction of new elements -structural, architectural or both. These said elements either serve as structural support for the buildings or aim to upset their existing order by introducing new ways in which they are inhabited and therefore understood. This self-assigned experiment attempted to explore the dynamic scenarios embeded in the intermediate state of an abadoned building site. Although seemingly trapped in an inactive, unbound state, the buildings present -through their proximitycharacteristics of a potential aggregate or of an assemblage.

FROM TOP TO BOTTOM: SECOND TYPOLOGY PLAN FIRST TYPOLOGY PLAN GROUND FLOOR PLAN CROSS SECTION PARALLEL TO PEIRAIOS ST.

FROM TOP TO BOTTOM: (RIGHT) PLAN OF INNER “VOID” (LEFT) PLAN OF RAMP LEVEL PLAN OF FINAL LEVEL LONGITUDINAL SECTION PARALLEL TO MENANDROU ST.

FROM TOP TO BOTTOM: PLAN OF FINAL LEVEL PLAN OF COMMON SLAB PLAN OF GROUND FLOOR SECTION PARALLEL TO AGIOU KONSTANTINOU ST.

(TOP LEFT) PLAN OF 1ST FLOOR (BASKETBALL COURT LEVEL) (TOP RIGHT) PLAN OF 2ND FLOOR (AMPHITHEATER LEVEL) (BOTTOM) AXONOMETRIC VIEW OF AMPHITHEATERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S STUCTURE

+10.20

+7.00

+3.70

AXONOMETRIC VIEW FROM PIRAIOS ST. , EMPHASIZING ON THE PIPE NETWORK.THE DEPICTED PIPES ACT AS HANDRAILS AND ALSO AS

(ABOVE) ELEVATION-SECTION OF

MARKINGS OF THE ARCHITECTURAL

NEW STAIRCASE, (LEFT) PLAN OF

PROMENADE WHILE ALSO FORMING

NEW STAIRCASE //THE SUSPENDED

THE SPRINKLING SYSTEM. THE WATER

STAIRCASE IS MATERIALIZED THROUGH

ENDS ITS DESCENT SURROUNDED

A“FOLDED”METAL SHEET AND CAN

BY THE PLANTATION AND THE TWO

BE ACCESSED ONLY FROM THE FIRST

TOGETHER MAKE UP A TRUE THREE-

FLOOR WHILE LEADING TO THE

DIMENSIONAL WATERING SPECTACLE .

OTHERWISE INACCESSIBLE SPLIT LEVEL

THE VERTICAL FLOW OF WATER

— SINCE ITS PRE-EXISTING HOLE IS NOT

FOLLOWS THE LOGIC OF MOSAIC

UTILIZED FOR THE INTRODUCTION

TILES WITH THE WATER BEING

OF A NEW VERTICAL MOVEMENT BUT

INTERRUPTED AT THE NEXT LEVEL BY

REMAINS INACTIVE.THE NEW STAIR IS

A PLANT COMPOSITE FROMING A

ELLIPTICAL IN PLAN.

ZIGZAG LOGIC.

(LEFT, FROM TOP TO BUTTOM :) ELEVATIONS OF FINAL LEVEL PLAN OF FINAL LEVEL PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF FINAL LEVEL // +31.50

A LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION IN THE FORM OF A PIPELINE, PERFORATED SPHERICAL VOLUME BECOMES THE NEW CROWN OF THE BUILDING.WITH THE FULL DEVELOPMENT OF ITS PLANTATION,THE CONSTRUCTION WILL ACT AS A SUNSHIELD OR UMBRELLA.

(RIGHT) PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF TREE-SHAPED COLUMN AND STAIRCASE// THE SYSTEM OF BEAMS DEVELOPS ANTICLOCKWISE WHILE A CIRCULAR STAIR WRAPS AROUND IT. ALL CONCRETE ELEMENTS ARE IMAGINED MOLDED USING NON-RIGID FORMWORK. THE STIFFNESS OF +31.50

THE RESULTING STRUCTURE IS ENSURED BY VERTICAL REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS WHICH FOLLOW THE ROTATION OF THE SYSTEM AND DISTRIBUTE STRESSES TOWARDS CIRCULAR RINGS AT THE RIM OF THE CIRCULAR HOLES OF THE SLABS. THIS SECONDARY SUPPORT SYSTEM CREATES AN INTRICATE WALL AROUND THE STAIRCASE WHICH IS COMPLETED WITH PERFORATED BRICKS.

BOTTOM: PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE GROUND LEVEL PLATFORM AND ITS CONNECTION TO THE MOVEMENT OF THE REST OF THE BUILDING TOP LEFT: DETAIL OF SUPPORT FOR MAIN RAMP ABOVE: CORNER FACADE RIGHT: PERSPECTIVE SECTION, SHOWING NEW BEAMS

+22.90

+8.85

TOP (FROM LEFT TO RIGHT): PLAN, LONGITUDINAL AND CROSS ELEVATIONS - SECTIONS OF INNER “M” STAIRCASE RIGHT: PERSPECTIVE SECTION ALONG THE EXPANSION JOINT OF THE BUILDING// THE INTRODUCTION OF THE M-SHAPED RAMP RESTORES ITS INTERNAL CONTINUITY WHICH WAS DISRUPTED WITH TH E INITIAL DIVISION TO THREE DISTINCT PARTS.

02 Robotic drawing [2018] Eth MAS Dfab tutors: David Jenny Inés Ariza with Chaoyu Du, Nik Eftekhar Oliivo

software: GHPython, Keyshot, Adobe

The project explores the potential of creating physical drawings through the controlled movement of a robotic arm, emphasising on parameters such as pressure and angle to introduce differentiation to the drawn artifact. The starting point of this expression is a mathematically defined Fermat’s Spiral. To these pre-determined points, an algorithm assigns seemingly random printing strengths — defined by the distance of the developped endeffector and a blank piece of paper — creating spheres or bubbles of different sizes and opacities. Every time the script is executed, a different result comes about. Dynamism is introduced by giving certain inclinations to the robotic arm, which is dependant on the distance between the point in question and the previous point. This makes the end result less deterministic and explains how the bubbles are more clearly defined and spherelike in the center of the spiral, while they develop a more arbitrary tail closer to the edges of the no longer blank paper. A reloading-station — in the form of a bowl full of paint — was introduced so that the robot could recharge its drawing tool every a specific number of points, so that it could function continuously, without running out of paint. Given the described setup, infinite iterations are achievable, each of them different, but all of them belonging to the same family of rule-based drawings.

d1 < d 2 < d3 1 / d1 > 1 / d2 > 1 / d3 h / d1 > h / d2 > h / d3 tan( Î¸1 ) > tan( Î¸2 ) > t an( Î¸3 )

Z = - 35

Z = - 33

Z = - 32

Z = - 31

Z = - 30

Z = - 28

Z = - 26

Z = - 25

Z = - 24

Z = - 22

Z = - 20

Z = - 18

03 Double-sided Fabric-Formed Shell [2019] 10 day workshop in Shanghai, China tutors: Prof. Dr. Philippe Block Dr. Tom Van Mele

with DigitalFutures 2019 Group1 participants

software: Rhino3d, Vray, Compas, Python 3

The projects aims at exploring a continuous workflow in the context of the computational design and fabrication of a tensioned formwork for a concrete shell. To achieve this, COMPAS platform handle form-finding, form-optimization and fabrication data generation. COMPAS is an open-source, Python-based computational framework for collaboration and research in architecture, engineering and digital fabrication, developed by the Block Research Group. It is designed to be used on different platforms and in combination with external software and libraries as well as the ones available in the Python ecosystem itself. As a result, the project is not tied to a specific CAD. Concrete is a fluid that offers the opportunity to economically create structures of almost any geometry - concrete can be poured into a mould of almost any shape. This fluidity is seldom used, with concrete instead being poured into rigid moulds. The ubiquitous use of orthogonal moulds as concrete formwork has resulted in a well-established vocabulary of prismatic forms for concrete structures, yet such rigid formwork systems must resist considerable pressures and consume significant amounts of material. Using a flexible membrane in place of conventional rigid mould as the main facing material offers many practical advantages as well as opportunities for improved structural efficiency. Unlike traditional formwork, the material is highly flexible and can deflect under the pressure of fresh concrete. The resulting forms exhibit curvature as well as excellent surface finishes that are generally not associated with concrete structures. Inviting flexibility into the casting process opens up new structural, architectural, and manufacturing possibilities.

CABLE NET EDGE CLAMP TIMBER FRAME STEEL BASE

279 NODES 2567 NUTS 1722 WASHERS 279 8MM RODS 120.3M CABLE DIVIDED INTO 55 SEGMENTS

2567 * NUTS, 1722 * WASHERS , 279 * 8MM RODS, 120.3M CABLE DIVIDED INTO 55 SEGMENTS STEEL BASE + TIMBER FRAME + EDGE CLAMP + CABLE NET + 279*NODES

CORNER EDGE DETAIL 2mm Cable 2cm *4cm wood plank

ASSEMBLY CABLE-NET FALSEWORK

NODE DETAIL

cabl rod *1, washer *6, nut *

0.32

2567 * NUTS, 1722 * WASHERS 0.32, 279 * 8MM RODS, 120.3M CABLE DIVIDED INTO 55 SEGMENTS 0.32 0.32 FRAME + EDGE CLAMP + CABLE NET + 279*NODES STEEL BASE + TIMBER 0.32

CORNER EDGE DETAIL

NODE DETAIL

2mm Cable 2cm *4cm wood plank

cable rod *1, washer *6, nut * 8

0.32

0.32 0.32

0.320.32

0.32

0.32 0.32

0.32

0.32 0.32

0.32

NODE DETAIL

0.32

CABLE ANCHOR DETAIL

0.32

2cm * 4cm wood plan

wire hoo CABLE ANCHOR DETAIL

0.32

2cm * 4cm wood plank wire hook

0.32 0.32

CABLE NET CABLE NET

0.32

EDGE CLAMP

0.32

EDGE CLAMP

TIMBER FRAME

0.32

ASSEMBLY CABLE-NET FALSEWORK

STEEL BASE STEEL BASE

0.32

CABLE ANCHOR DETAIL

2567 * NUTS, 1722 * WASHERS , 279 * 8MM RODS, 120.3M CABLE DIVIDED INTO 55 SEGMENTS STEEL BASE + TIMBER FRAME + EDGE CLAMP + CABLE 0.32 NET + 279*NODES

CORNER EDGE DETAIL 2mm Cable 2cm *4cm wood plank

0.32

0.32 0.32 0.32

0.32

0.32 0.32

0.32

INSTALLATION FABRIC SHUTTERING

0.32

17.05m2 PVC FABRIC (60m2 FOR ACTURAL USAGE) COMPAS GENERATING CUTTING PATTERN + PLOTTING + CUTTING FABRIC + SEWING + HANGING TO CABLE NET

17.05 M2 PVC FABRICÂ 0.326 M3 CONCRETE 815 KG SHELL INSTALLATION FABRIC SHUTTERING

CABLE ANCHOR DETAIL 0.32

CUTTING PATTERN

17.05m2 PVC FABRIC (60m2 FOR ACTURAL USAGE) COMPAS GENERATING CUTTING PATTERN + PLOTTING + CUTTING FABRIC + SEWING + HANGING TO CABLE NET 0.32

0.32

CABLE NET EDGE CLAMP

CUTTING PATTERN

TIMBER FRAME N

0.32

STEEL BASE

A. photo of two students interacting with the model

04 Glorious Galaxy [2018] Eth MAS Dfab tutor: Mathias Bernhard with Nicolas Feihl

software: Processing (Python), Keyshot, Adobe

Working with a series of subdivision strategies and rules defined as functions in the processing environment, the point of departure for this glorius galaxy are two Icosahedra, one encapulated inside the other. For this primitive geometry to be defined as well as the further rules of its transformation, we need first to define the components that allow us to decribe it such as vectors, nodes(or vertexes), faces or meshes.

B. photo of constructed model

Once these basic elements are clearly defined and postitioned in "space", we can determine the set of subdivision rules that, when applied in sequence, lead to the genesis of our glorius glaxy. Changing the order or the combination of this rules will lead to different instances of galaxies.

RuleMakeHole ( ) is responsible for creating the layered porosity of the inner structure, by subdividing a face inwards in a stepwise fashion and RuleAtomize ( ) transforms the outer Icosahedron into a small cloud around the planet, in the same way electrons fly around above the nucleus of an atom. As the galaxy orbits into the universe, a glimpse from within gives away the existence of some sort of life that glistens inexplicably through its openings. Perhaps protons and neutrons? Or it it something else? Finally an obj exporter needs to be developped in order to convert our glorius galaxy to a readable format for further development in other software such as Rhino.

05 Gradual Assemblies [2019] Eth MAS Dfab tutors: David Jenny Jesus Medina with ETH DFAB 2018-19 students

software: Processing (Python), COMPAS, Maya, Keyshot, Adobe

Invited by the Victoria & Albert museum in Dundee, Scotland â&#x20AC;&#x201D; a recently erected building by Kengo Kuma â&#x20AC;&#x201D; the brief asked for the design and construction of a pavillion-like structure to accompany and complement the rotating "Hello, Robot. Design between Human and Machine" exhibition. At the heart of the project stands the development of a new timber construction method, where short slats are held in space and locked by wood dowels. Spatially complex, the process takes full advantage of the potential for cooperative multi-robotic fabrication in the Robotic Fabrication Laboratory at ETH Zurich. The unique setup of two robotic arms suspended from a gantry allows to drill through a timber slat at a defined angle, while the other robot places the previously drilled slat in space. Taking advantage of the hygroscopic behavior of wood, the dowels are pre-dried in an oven to facilitate their manual insertion into the pre-drilled holes. Once moisture is applied, the volumetric expansion maximizes the frictional force between dowels and slats making any additional nails, glue or screws obsolete. With one dowel passing through three different slats positioned freely in space, and the angle between two dowels maximized, the strength of the final structure is assured. For the logistics of transportation and assembly / re-assembly, the structure was divided into 16 modules which develop a "seaming" logic, by repeating the same geometry in a mirrored fashion. The construction of the individual modules has already been undertaken by two robots and the 15 students of MAS Dfab 2018-2019 and assembly is expected to take place in the first week of October of the same year, preceding the inauguration of the aforementioned exhibition in Scotland next November.

1 Beams

STARTING WITH STANDARD CONFIGURATION OF THE BEAMS

2 4 Points

4 POINTS ARE GENERATED ACROSS THE BEAMS IN ORDER TO AVOID OVERLAPPING DOWELS

3 Connection between alternate beams (1-3)

4 Connection between alternate beams (2-4)

FIRST DOWEL IS GENERATED BETWEEN BEAMS 1 - 3

SECOND DOWEL IS GENERATED BETWEEN BEAMS 2-4

SINGLE SURFACE PROPAGATION LOGIC

2 SURFACE S PROPAGATION LOGIC - SEAM

3 SURFACE S PROPAGATION LOGIC - KEYSTONE

1 . DESIGN GEOMETRY

2 . SEGMENTS

10 . PLACING THE DOWELS

9 . PLACING THE BEAMS

3 . ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE

4 . SEGMENTS POSITIONING

8 . PICKING STATION

5 . BEAMS CUTTING STATION

7 . DRILLING STATION

6 . OVEN TO DRY THE DOWELS

Gantry

Oven

Fabrication Control Robot 11- Pick/ Place Robot 12 - Drill

Drilling Station

Picking Station

Fabrication Base

Cutting Station

B. boolean opperations between individual smart bricks

06 Pop() [2018] Eth MAS Dfab tutor: Mathias Bernhard with Keerthana Udaykumar

software: Processing (Python), Keyshot, Adobe

A. 6 X 4 Output Mesh

The proect explores the production of specialized building components in a speculative manner. The successful realization of the 1:1 scale prototypes is made possible only by the chosen fabrication method, a large-scale sandstone binderjet 3D printer. Working in the Processing programming framework using Python, volumetric modelling is explored in depth. Instead of using a boundary representation (BRep) which traditionally describes or encloses shapes or volumes by curves (2D) or surfaces (3D) defined by vertices inside a Cartesian space, volumetric modelling doesn't start with an empty space, but a function f(x,y,z) that returns a value for every point in space. This return value can for example be the distance to the surface enclosing the object to be modelled. It is then called a Signed Distance Function (SDF) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; signed because negative values are inside the object, positive values outside and the surface of the object is where the function evaluates to 0 (isosurface). Boolean operations (addition, subtraction and intersection) as well as smooth blending between objects is done without the need to calculate intersection points and reconstructing the topology of how the vertices are connected. There is no geometry â&#x20AC;&#x201C; vertices or lines or triangles â&#x20AC;&#x201C; until it needs to be rendered on screen. That's when, using a marching cubes algorithm, a watertight manifold mesh is computed and desplayed. With this tool in hand, pop ( ) was developped as a series of different interlocking smart bricks that can be added infinitively. Each brick starts from a simple 3-dimensional cube of inflated vertices that later gets populated by a series of spheres of randomly assigned radiuses that get smoothly blended into each other. Finally a series of of orchestrated boolean operations ensure the buildability of this new puzzle-like walling system.

box_p = VBox (-20, -20, -20, 20, 20, 20, 5) box_s1 = VBox (-15, -15, -50, 15, 15, 50, 5) box_s2 = VBox (-15, -50, -15, 15, 50, 15, 5) box_s3 = VBox (-50, -15, -15, 50, 15, 15, 5)

da = self.a.get_distance(x,y,z) db = self.b.get_distance(x,y,z) return max(da,-db)

pop ( )

D. 2 X 2 X 2

C. volumetric display of distance field

dx = abs(x - self.loc.x) - self.a / 2.0 dy = abs(y - s elf.loc.y) - self.b / 2.0 dz = abs(z - self.loc.z) - self.c / 2.0 d = max( [ dx, dy, dz ] )

40 A. sand printed modules (Voxeljet 1000)

B. 6 X 4 sand printed physical model (Voxeljet 1000)

07 Knotted [2018] Eth MAS Dfab tutors: Marirena Kladeftira Matthias Leschok with Wenqian Yang

software: GHPython, Axolotl, Keyshot, Adobe

The aim of this project was to design a table, which was imagined as an assembly of aluminium rods and a set of connections which were fabricated using an FDM 3d printer. Fascinated by the topological complexity of mathematically defined 3d Knots and particularily focusing on the trefoil Knot, a rich language of connecting nodes was developped Utilizing those newly designed connections, a distinct typology of tables was developped. In their majority, they had the same topology with the nods themselves, embodying the same algorithm but with a lower resolution â&#x20AC;&#x201D; a fewer number of points â&#x20AC;&#x201D;. This new low res polyline was then transformed into a network of rods and knots by another script developped in GHPython. Similar strategies were explored using random walk algorithms. (see picture A) With the aid of volumentric modelling and the grashopper plugin Axolotl, merging between the same or diferrent nodes became possible , giving birth to another form of expression and an ever-growing series of members of the axolotl kingdom. Working with volumetric modellig, smooth blending between objects is done without the need to calculate intersection points and reconstructing the topology of how the vertices are connected. The flexibility and bounciness which proved inherent to the geometry of the connections was further studied with the aim of developing a trully unprecedented artefact, comprising of a series of controllably engineered, flexible units. A malleable surface would be placed on top to assume its shape everytime according to the deformation of the underline structure.

x = 10(cos(φ)+cos(3φ)+cos(2φ)+cos(4φ) y = 6sin(φ)+10sin(3φ) z = 4sin(3φ)sin(5φ/2)+4sin(4φ)-2sin(6φ) 0 < φ < 2pi

x = cos(φ) ( 2-cos(2φ/(2k+1)) ) y = sin(φ)(2-cos(2φ/(2k+1)) ) z = -sin(2φ/(2k + 1)) 0 < φ < (4 k + 2) pi

x = (4cos(φ+pi))/3+2 cos(3φ) y = 4sin(φ)/3+2sin(3φ) z = sin(4φ)+sin(2φ)/2 0 < φ < 2pi

x=-22cos(φ)-128sin(φ)-44cos(3φ)–78sin(3φ) y=-10cos(2φ-27sin(2φ)+38cos(4φ)+46sin(4φ) z = 70cos(3φ)-40sin(3φ) 0 < φ < 2pi

x = (4 cos(φ+pi))/3+2cos(3φ) y = 4sin(φ)/3+2sin(3φ) z = sin(4φ)+sin(2φ)/2 0<φ<2pi

r=8( 0.8+1.6 sin(6φ)), β= 2φ, θ=0.6pi*sin(12φ) x = rcos(θ) * cos (β) y = rcos(θ) * sin (β) z = r * sin(θ) , 0 < φ< pi

46 B . A SERIES OF 3D PRINTED KNOTS

B . A SERIES OF 3D PRINTED KNOTS

08 Entangled [2018] Eth MAS Dfab tutors: David Jenny InĂŠs Ariza Zhao Ma with Wenqian Yang, Ying-Shiuan Chen

software: GHPython, Keyshot, Adobe

This research explores the potential of robotically aggregating soft clay particles through a shooting process. Compressed air is used to place soft pellets of clay to a desired target. Due to the malleable nature of the clay, as they collide each pellet deforms to create an interlocking bond. Potential inaccuracies or mistakes during the process are self-corrected leaving the final surface continuous. ln this context. a double-layered 3d printing process was explored with a robotic pick and place methodology to shoot compact beads of clay from a tube using pneumatics. The shot impact of each bead slightly deformed the clay as it hit the previously printed supporting layer. As the beads aggregated they interlocked with each other and formed a secure bond that allowed for a maximum freedom in terms of geometry, but also created a nice and consistent surface quality. Similar to conventional FDM 3d printing a strategy of supports was explored, where clay bullets were placed with a greater distance to each other, in order to be easily removed after the printing was finished. Different spatial and geometric typologies were explored to test the limits and the robustness of this newly-found fabrication method. Starting from the simpler examples of a wall varying vertically or horizontally to more complex geometries with a surface wraping into itself or two surfaces interlocking into each other evoking the endless screen walls of Erwin Hauer.

SINGLE LAYER

unequalUNEQUAL distribution DISTRIBUTION clay bullets are generated on given surface and then copied translation vectorsurclay bullets arealong generated on given normal to original surface

DOUBLE INTERLOCKING LAYER

SECURE BOND

MAXIMUM GEOMETRY FREEDOM

equal distribution EQUAL DISTRIBUTION clay bullets are generated on srf1 and srf2, clay bullets are generated onsurface srf1 and which are offseted from original

face and then copied along translation

srf2, which are offseted from original

vector normal to original surface

surface

CUT

BETTER CUT

cut is calculated based on intersection

between cut geometry and offset sur-

between cut geometry and original sur-

faces

face. Curve is then offset to the direction of offset surfaces

50 PHOTO OF PROTOTYPE CONSTRUCTED DURING SECOND WEEK

4 X SCREWS

AIR PRESSURE

4 X SCREWS

SUCTION

ACTUATOR UNIVERSAL ROBOT UR5 PISTON

METAL RING

ADAPTOR

09 Concrete Choreography [2019] Eth MAS Dfab T2 tutors: Ana Anton Patrick Bedarf Angela Yoo with ETH DFAB 2018-19 students

software: Processing (Python), ZBrush, Keyshot, Adobe

Enabled by a 6-axis robot that precisely deposits a semifluid, extrudable concrete which hardens upon deposition, Concrete Extrusion Printing can produce materially efficient and complex artefacts , while having an incredibly fast vertical build rate suitable for large scale implementation in architecture. Invited by Riom Origen Festival to design 12 columns to complement its performances for summer 2019, we developped two distinct generative approaches. The first one can be described as a series of subdivision rules applied in sequence in the different parts of the column (capital, shaft, pedestal) . The second one is explorying the expressive potentials of sinewaves mapped onto a homogeneous cylinder. By manipulating the parameters that define the latter (amplitude, phase, frequency) and by varying those results along the column we are able to achieve smooth transitions that agree with the fabrication method in question. Questions of order and proportions are treated in a similar manner for both paradigms to ensure coherence among the resulted artefacts.

This novel fabrication process allows the production of concrete elements without the need for any formwork. In addition, one-ofa-kind designs with complex geometries can be fabricated in a fully automated manner. Hollow concrete structures are printed in a way where the material can be strategically used only where needed, allowing a more sustainable approach to concrete architecture Computationally designed material ornament and surface texture exemplify the versatility and significant aesthetic potential 3D concrete printing holds when used in large-scale structures. Framing and informing the dance performances of the 2019 summer season in Riom, the project showcases how technological advancements can bring efficient and novel expressions to concrete architecture.

2 Design Approaches

Sine Function • High resolution starting mesh • Vertices are moved along sinewaves

Mesh Subdivision • Low resolution starting mesh • Mesh subdivision rules are applied

Step 1

Step 2

mag_z = sin(3*pos_z*pos_z_fac+0.5*math.pi)*0.5+2.0 * z/nLayers pFunction_1 = sin(5*pos_z+0.5*mag_z)*10+2 pFunction_2 = sin(5*pos_z+0.5*mag_z)*8+2

Applet 1 (Sine Columns)

Applet 2 (Subdivision Columns)

Hierarchy ratio 3 : 6 : 1 Pedestal ratio 1:1 Shaft ratio 1:1

Hierarchy ratio 3 : 6 : 1 Pedestal ratio 1 : 1 Shaft ratio 2 : 3

Hierarchy ratio 3 : 6 : 1 Pedestal ratio 1:1 Shaft ratio 2 : 3

Hierarchy ratio 3 : 6 : 1 Pedestal ratio 1:1 Shaft ratio 1 : 1

Hierarchy ratio 3 : 6 : 1 Pedestal ratio 1 : 1 : 1 Shaft ratio 1 : 1 : 1

C9 Hierarchy ratio 3 : 6 : 1 Pedestal ratio 1 : 1 : 1 Shaft ratio 1 : 1 : 1

C10 Hierarchy ratio 3 : 6 : 1 Pedestal ratio 1:1 Shaft ratio 1 : 1 : 1

ONLINE CONTROL STATION

CONCRETE PUMP

ACCELERATOR PUMP

3-AXIS GANTRY SYSTEM

CONSTANT FLOWRATE

ACCESSIBLE VOLUME: 5000MÂ³

CONTROL ROBOT MOTION

CONSTANT FLOWRATE

MONITOR ROBOT MOTION

PRESSURE MONITORING

ROS COMMUNICATION

TEMPERATURE MONITORING

MAXIMUM SPEED: 2000MM/S

6-AXIS ROBOTIC ARM MAXIMUM SPEED: 180DEG/S PER AXIS

PRINT HEAD PRESSURE MONITORING TEMPERATURE MONITORING TORQUE MONITORING JIT MIXING

PRINT BASE 1200 X 1200 MM

Add Inner Core Has Core? NO

Column Design

Analysis

Slicing

Has Core? YES

Detail Design

Path Simulation

Final Print

10 Augmented Brick Wall [2019] Sqrfactor competition Skins Shortlisted - Top 20 with Wenqian Yang

software: Rhino, C#, Keyshot,Adobe

The proposal explores the intervention of an expressive brick wall as the outermost skin of the two buildings of the Technopark. The ripples that are generated on the surface of the two corresponding brick facades not only serve as a strong formal language put also accommodate openings and create a dialogue between the two buildings. Just like animal skin, a facade mediates between inside and outside providing a protecting shell for the building. Evocating the imprint of a wave on a water surface, the resulting ripples of the facade further express this primal organic metaphor. The skin acts as a filter for natural light. By controlling the distance between the bricks and also varying their rotation, sun enters the building in a non-uniform but calculated manner to create a comfortable environment inside the building. The green color that coats the smallest side of the bricks stands as a symbol of growth, life and prosperity. Green is a restful color having a calming effect and paired with the natural color of the brick is reminiscent of the colors found in the national flag. Brick is a well established building material due to being durable, energy efficient and aesthetically pleasing. Rethinking a traditional vertical strategy of stacking bricks together, the proposal aggregates standard easily accessible bricks into a curved, non-repetitive, bespoke geometry.

By painting the shortest sides of the bricks a distinct bright color, the experience of the facade differs when one walks by, with the colors dynamically changing as the bricks rotate according to the curvature of the facade, hence, revealing a different portion of their colored side every time. The proposal suggests a hanging curtain wall structure. The bricks are supported by the secondary structure and the main structure, The latter transfer the weight to the building. Utilizing the skills and experience of construction workers in stacking bricks together, but also exploring the potential of VR technologies, a more collaborative construction logic is suggested, where a VR set or a phone screen indicates the proper placing. As a result the process is augmented without adding costs.

A. photo of two students interacting with the model

11 LONER [2015] as publiced in www.3nta.com

year 5th NTUA tutor: Dimitris Papalexopoulos

with Eleana Polychronaki, Antonis Staikos

B. photo of constructed model

"There is something unspeakably sinister about a machine that does nothing—absolutely nothing—except switch itself off" Arthur C. Clarke

Loner is a machine that lives inside a box and cherishes its loneliness. Whenever someone tries to approach its personal space, LONER defends its privacy by stretching out its nearest arm in order to dismiss the intruder. The conceptual genesis of Loner, is based on a twist of an idea born in MIT in 1952 from Marvin Minsky which later became popular as “leave me alone box”. Those machines, are usually nothing more than a box repeating again and again one single task, to turn itself off. Our goal was to upgrade this idea in a larger spectrum of interaction. The box, which now shelters the Loner, can open from either of its four sides whenever the motion sensors detect any sign of movement in their range. In that way, the box now becomes a weapon in the hands of its resident and the interest is now directed towards that which lives inside the box rather than the box itself. The project came about as a response to the interactive machines of Jean Tinguely,.and more particularly how their characteristics could be introduced today – given current technology; From METAMECHANICS to POSTDIGITAL / Homage to Tinguely. The final project consists of two distinct parts which differ from one another on a material and an operational level. On one hand , the design of the introvert – and agressive at times – Loner and on the other hand the wooden box, its habitat.

arduino uno

MicroServoMg90s

plexiglass 3mm

plywood frames

ragingdetector

semitransparenrtplasticsheet

MATERIALS + ELECTRONIC EQUIPEMENT:

// LONER plexi glass 3 mm // BOX plywood frames semi transparent plastic sheet 1mm paint , spray , screws , hinges // ELECTRONICS Arduino Uno 4 x Ranging Detector 2 - 400cm 8 x Micro Servo Mg 90s Addafruit 16-channel servo driver 4 Batteries AA battery holder breadboard hook up cables

12 Sinterbeckenplatz Belval | Luxembourg [2017] Internship at Metaform Architects 1st Prize with Latz + Partner

software: Rhino, Vray, Adobe

Belval, a former blast furnace location with 170 ha of size, undergoes already since the middle of the 1990â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a transformation into a city quarter with a consequent mix of functions including living, working, education, science, leisure and recreation, also focusing on sustainable development processes. The central blocks of the Square Mile with its historic chimneys and industrial sinter basins plays a key role in the development of Belval. The activation of the surrounding Boulevards as the backbone of this urban quarter is intended. The more differentiated urban fabric within the area will correspond in character and scale better to the adjacent buildings and uses. An open space network will integrate the central blocks into the surrounding city and landscape and create an attractive setting for the mix of uses of this new quarter.

A. photo of model

The buildings already constructed along â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Hochofenterrasseâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, the site east of Square Mile, are characterized by a horizontal stack of uses (living and working above commerce) and by large development units. In order to diversify the new city quarter, additional building typologies are proposed which allow for a rich mix of functions: courtyard and podium blocks with attractive commercial spaces and desirable apartments, urban residential buildings with flexible ground floors, buildings flexible for yet undefined usage etc

The design brief entailed the reconstruction and reuse of two inactive tanks that were previouslously used as a cooling system of the surrounding pre-existig factories. The square around the sinter basin as a central place gives identity to the entire area and interprets its former industrial function in a contemporary way. The sunken gardens in the basin adds an unexpected dimension to the square.

13 Klafthmonos Square [2013] year 4th Ntua tutor: Bouki Babalou-Noukaki with Christos Montsenigos

software: Rhino3d, Vray, Adobe

Our proposal for the new Klathmonos square constitutes an act of uncovering. We see the urban tissue of modern Athens as a concealing skin that contains and holds back those elements that once characterized the Attic Landscape. The younger cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s upper level, the modern Polykatoikia, forms a blanket forcibly sheltering the topography and traces of the older townâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ancient walling. Klafthmonos square, a place where such tensions, unintentionally gather, is perceived exactly as part of that concealing skin. The act of terminating this concealment, the process of highlighting those elements, whose presence has until now, only been implied, resembles the process of paper cutting and modeling. We treat the designed surface as a continuous sheet of paper, that gets folded, carved, torn and displaced, in order to attribute the desired sense of continuity. Through this process, a series of thresholds and entrances into a downgraded space are being organized; a sunken garden located in the heart of the city. The original paper sheet thus takes the form of suspended corridors and platforms that bridge the thresholds all together. The proposed structure reinterprets the notion of passing through public territory while at the same time, it brings those excavated findings back to light. Sous les pavĂŠs, la plage ! The emerging landscape requires new symbols. The three lighting sculptures are reminiscent of the cranes of postponed construction sites, while at the same time alluding to ploughs employed in agriculture. Water constantly circulates underneath, being pumped and then poured again, reviving the memory of lost Attic rivers and underground streams.

FABRIC FORMED INTERNSHIP

HYGROSCOPIC AGGREGATE

FOR ARRODESIGN

STRUCTURE (ICD) BY KAROLA

VERMONT, USA

DIERICHS + ACHIM MENGES

JULY-AUGUST 2017

BOISBUCHET, FRANCE AUGUST, 2016

BETA:: METALLIC FREEFORM

3D PRINTING | ALGORITHMS

STRUCTURES

By SPACEUNDER, OFFICE

by Faberarium, ATHENS

FOR PRACTICE+RESEARCH

SEPTEMBER 2014

FEBRUARY 2015