UTOPIA IN THE TIME OF CRISIS by Eli Eskenazi

Utopia in the Time of Crisis

by Eli Eskenazi BonĂŠ Degree Project 2016-17 Pratt Institute | School of Architecture ARCH-501-12 Degree Project: Research Prof. Trencher & Prof. Dunne T.A. Shannon Hayes HMS-497B-08 Prof. Haacke

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Architecture and urban planning will play an important role in re-establishing the social and economic order in Caracas. Rather than creating separate projects for housing, schools, hospitals, among others for the citizens, this proposal aims to create a utopia by bringing the 18 main barrio communities of Caracas into a skyscraper complex in the city center to provide the residents with the necessary elements for an ideal living condition. By doing so, the Venezuelan society with become more equal as a larger portion of the population will have access to the same quality of living and opportunities while preserving the culture of their communities which currently face the possibility of collapsing due to natural disasters.

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When the dictatorship ends and a democratic government ultimately holds power, the President will have to immediately begin to invest in the infrastructure of the country, in order to promote a social and economic change. Rather than creating separate projects for housing, schools, hospitals, among others, this project proposes to address solving all the problems that the citizens face due to the crisis by introducing a vertical skyscraper complex conformed by the different slum communities of Caracas, which provides the residents with the necessary elements for an idyllic living condition.

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One way or another, the story of Caracas and its citizens can be perceived as a tragic, romantic novel. In what is supposed to be one of the richest countries in the world, it is estimated that between 40 and 60 percent of its citizens live in poverty. As a Venezuelan, I also share the dream that the existential issues that define our country will be remedied in the near future. Utopia in Caracas would mean that a citizen could receive a fair portion of the earnings that the government generates from selling the crude oil extracted from our land.

Caracas and the “Ávila” (the highest mountain of the city) hold a special relationship. Each Venezuelan identifies with the image of the Ávila, which stand as a monumental sultana that divides the architecture of the city from the Caribbean sea. It is important to address this notion of vertical identification with this icon, as this project brings people from all over the city at a higher point, closer to the mountain. The skyscraper complex must then represent Caracas, it must represent the Ávila, and above all it must represent a Utopia in the time of crisis.

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Within the skyscraper complex, even though each community will be self-dependent, the project aims to redefine the way in which we design vertically, by moving away from the concept of “stacking,” and introducing the idea of “merging.” As a result, each community will have the opportunity to share these spaces while interacting with neighboring communities, creating a social movement that fosters a more global aspect of community within Caracas; this invites the residents to learn from each other’s culture.

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Sponsored by the government, people currently facing a housing crisis due to earthquakes or flooding catastrophes, or people living in extreme poverty, will be relocated into the city center of Caracas while preserving the cultural value of their barrio communities. Within each community created, each house will have access to provide a family with clean water, access to electricity, natural gas, bathrooms, and natural light all within a structure that is not subject to collapse due to natural disasters.

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By relocating the people who live in crisis in the “barrios” or slum communities located in the outsides of Caracas into the city center, the maneuver of liberating the ground floor allows for a vast territory footprint that was misused to be now developed to help the economy of the country. Moreover, the areas that these slums inhabit are conformed mostly by mountains which are a part of the character of the city and by cleaning the topography in these regions the urban fabric change generates more green spaces and a healthier environmental scenario for the city.

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Caracas 1930 Caracas 2016

Dubai1990 Dubai 2016

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Utopia in the Time of Crisis

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Between 1958 and 1960, new laws were created to allow people to informally inhabit the city. Many low income-earning Venezuelans moved to the city, seeking better life qualities as the government offered to create new affordable housing in the city center and demolish the barrios. Taking into consideration that Venezuela is a high ranking member in OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries), the billions of dollars generated annually from petroleum export should allow for the government to create infrastructure that positions Venezuela as a first world country providing great living conditions for all its citizen. Nevertheless, the situation completely differs from that as the current infla-

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Socialism of the 21st century argues that both free-market industrial capitalism and twentieth-century socialism have failed to solve urgent problems of humanity like poverty, hunger, exploitation, economic oppression, sexism, racism, the destruction of natural resources, and the absence of a truly participative democracy. However, the so called “Socialist” Republics in South America are mostly composed of corrupt governments which nationalized the largest industries in the country to administrate the wealth of the country but such income was never used properly to provide for the needs of the citizen as most of the money was stolen. It is easy to say by now that the Socialist Revolution of the XXI Century failed as a model and that architectural design of Venezuela will need to address the issue as new infrastructure for the country will be needed once the dictatorial regime is taken over by a democratic party. I anticipate that in the next 5 years once the dictatorial regime is abolished, the new democratic party that holds power will have to invest in projects for the citizen to mitigate the effects of the post called “Socialist Revolution of the XXI Century”.

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The main problem with such circumstances is that the people with low income wages have been forced to live in the outsides of the city along the mountains in an informal manner; i.e. creating their own housing themselves using local materials. The accumulation of these housing units become known as a “barrio,” or slum, where each house is inhabited by a family of 5 to 8 people. One of the main problems of living in these poor neighborhoods is that the quality of human life is diminished by not having access to basic needs such as electricity, clean water, medical attention, and education. As a result, the people who inhabit the barrios of Caracas are forced to commute to the center of the city in order to work and generate economic support for their household in order to bring back to their home clean water and food. At the level of architectural craft in these communities, there is no access to modern ways of transportation; in order to go to work each morning the people in the slums must walk hundreds or maybe even thousands of steps in order to reach the flat areas of Caracas. From there, they have to find their way by foot to the closest subway station or bus station and then walk to their place of work. At the end of the day, they must do the entire process again and this time work their way up the slums.

Using Dubai as an example, we can see how a country that follows a capitalist system created a major development of high-rise throughout the past 25 years which helped increase the city’s economy and living standards. In contrast, Venezuela’s growth in the past 70 years has been very mediocre as the governments have not focused on increasing the country’s GOP because the revenue generated from the petroleum extraction gives them the commodity to manage the country without the need to create other sources of income.

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Since the beginning of the so-called “Socialist Revolution of the XXI Century,” the living conditions of the people of Venezuela have been deeply affected. New laws created by a dictatorial regime lead to what is now known as the greatest social-political and economic crisis in the country’s history. The exponential inflation and drop of the oil barrel reduced the real value of the citizens’ income to a point where it is estimated that more than half of Venezuelans do not eat three times a day within a household where two parents earn minimum wage of around $20 US dollars a month, each.

Venezuela and its capital, Caracas, are reported to both have among the highest per capita murder rates in the world, with 116 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants. Most murders and other violent crimes go unsolved. The low class neighborhoods that cover the hills around Caracas are dangerous at all times. The slums on the east and west hills of Caracas are the poorest neighborhoods in the city, and where crime tends to be concentrated. It is estimated that over 60% of the population of Caracas falls into a lower class living standard.

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Proposal for the future democratic government of Venezuela

tion rate is the highest in the world and the average Venezuelan does not have access to a proper education, healthcare system or even clean water and food.

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On the other hand, another architectural precedent researched by this office that serves as a base for my proposal is the study of “Torre David” or Tower of David located in the financial district of Caracas. This architectural case shows at a glance the social-political and economic environment of Venezuela where the third tallest tower in the country has been under construction for over twenty three years. The 1994 banking crisis suspended the funding for the construction of this office tower which after a severe flooding became a magnet for squatters who were desperate to find a new place to inhabit and give shelter to their children. Since then, Torre David gives us the opportunity to consider how we can create and foster urban communities in the tallest vertical slum. Informal settlements have become a public awareness topic during the past decade due to the increases of population density. The case of the Tower of David is a much more complex one were over 750 families occupy the structure which was left behind after construction. With no access to electricity, water, or even bathrooms or elevators, the people who took floors of the tower as their new home were aware of the challenges that living there would bring; learning from the way in which they adapted allows us to create a set of guidelines for how a community can become self-dependent while adapting to the city context. The residents of the tower created their own rules to have order and security. Using local materials they found or purchased in the area, each household was in charge of covering the facades of their new “apartments” and connected the existing systems of the structure to allow for the possibility to have access to electricity, water for cleansing, natural gas for cooking, and even cable for tele-

Finally, Elisa Silva, Valentina Caradonna, and Odette Galavis principals of enlace arquitectura have completed a publication that analyzes the development of the city of Caracas including its spontaneous urban growth in the barrios. Giving recognition to the neighborhood as an intrinsic part of the urban fabric, the research records territorial and demographic growth of spontaneous settlements in Caracas based on cartographic records and visual history of the city. From this study, we can begin to understand the relationship of the number of houses to the number of inhabitants and at the same time the number of inhabitants per territorial footprint to determine the density of such regions. The changes from 1966 to 2014 showed in these graphics clearly notate the fast overpopulation rates and the deficit of housing to counter such growth. The question that raises from this publication is which areas of the city should move from the called “unplanned regions” to a new proposed urban model. While these communities served to solve the housing deficit, the architectural methodology is not efficient and it is not sustainable. Modern architectural proposals should then require social intervention, public space, transportation, culture, and sources of productivity for the citizen to have a decent quality of life and allow for the enjoyment of the city.

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Alfredo Brillemburg & Hubert Klumper have dedicated a large part of their time at Urban-Think Tank to research and study cities and projects to analyze the ways in which architecture can influence citizens and as a consequence create better communities. One of the main architectural precedents utilized for this project is the slum research conducted by U-TT in regards to the major cities of Latin America including Caracas and Medellin. Focusing on the lifestyle and conditions of the citizen of such regions, the study analyzes the relationship between the formal city and the informal city. Weather conditions, monetary earnings, and topographical location determine the factors that represent the character of each resident. In addition, the research also investigates which areas are more vulnerable to natural disasters facing geological risks. The urban identity in such communities is also dictated by the violence, context issues, and city interactions; the deeper the location of an informal residence within a slum, the more likely it is to be more at risk of criminality and geological catastrophes.

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vision. This case shows the determination on behalf of the people of Caracas who live in extreme poverty conditions to overcome limitations and create a better quality of living for them and their families. The community of the Tower of David should serve then as an example for all barrios of Caracas moving into the new skyscraper complex in the city center.

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At the same time, when the lower class people decided to intrude the spaces of the higher class, the anarchic behavior resulted in the building changing by deteriorating as if the principles of such society would have been damaged. In the process, some died as the society did not adapt to the new standards. Once the peace was restored, the architect discusses with the higher class a remodeling of the building. In other words, they propose to re-structure the social order in the society by changing the way the lower floors were designed. The High-rise shows us how the decisions of the architect directly influence the society and how after the idea is materialized, the society or high-rise takes formal characteristics of its own and begins to dictate how life functions inside

Same as in a Kibutz, the collective surpasses the individual as Taut suggests that the way of achieving an idealized community is by all working towards the same goal in unity. Placing this as the definition of an urban utopia, we can begin to speculate that politics and religion will influence directly the concept of the ideal city as the actions taken on a day to day basis by the citizen will be determined by their position on such topics. Can there be a “New City” with no religion and no political inclination? A city where everyone has the same social and sconomic standards? Is it possible for human beings to coexist and work collectively for the greater good regardless of the other individuals beliefs? It seems to me that architectural decisions are sometimes dwarfed by external factors that drive societies to a world of ignorance. A world where your education is limited to think that your position on this planet is to think and act in a certain way. And that your home, your city, your friends and family must be a reflection of such values to maintain certain standards imposed by specific communities. To me, architecture should address and solve this issue. The real utopian “New City” would be one where all individuals are free to make their own decisions and practice their beliefs in any form they want. Nevertheless, at the same time all individuals would be responsible for supporting each other by contributing to the communal life. Every person would have a specific role to fulfill in the needs of the city. An idealized utopian city would be conformed

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The film “High-Rise” directed by Wheatley adapted from the original novel by Ballard materializes the concept of an idealized society in a vertical condition. In this movie, a society exists in a futuristic past within a building that represents the structure of societies. This building has been designed by an architect who trying to develop every detail to perfection, failed to understand the true meaning of a community. In this High-rise, the people are organized vertically in terms of economic wealth; in other words, the richest people live in the highest stories and the poorest on the lower floors. The clear distinction between the floors is also dictated by the common areas of the building, every space needed in a community is located within the building so there are spaces in this society where different social classes overlay to coexist inside the same scenarios. The interesting part about the movie is that we evidence the changes in society driven by the individual. When one of the inhabitants of the High-rise decided to break from the rules that dictated that individual’s way of living, the building reacted to it in order to adapt to the new living conditions.

Taut develops a metaphorical concept to present the “New City” as a utopian scenario where the society revolves around the “crown”. The author believes that the economical effect upon the “Old City” resulted in a formal change of the behavior and way of living of its citizen. When comparing both conditions, one can begin to understand the notion of “utopic” as an ongoing in-process — an urban plan that progresses as time goes amending its defects to adapt to current conditions and evolve. In order to become a part of this new improved community, the architect must design the crown. In other words, he must share the same faith as the other individuals so that the integrity of this society can remain united.

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2. High-Rise. DVD Directed by Wheatley Ben. UK: Embargo Films, 2016

3. Taut, Bruno. “The City Crown”. In Journal of Architectural Education. (ACSA, 2009), 121-134.

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Annotation: Tzonis argues that the ideological aim of an architectural utopia or “new arcadia” is to critique society rather than realize a potential ideal. He goes on to develop an in-depth analysis of the roles played by the main architectural figures of the 20th century – such as Le Corbusier and Gropius — who proposed architectural scenarios where ornament is left behind as a 19th-century idea of sentimentalism. According to Tzonis, the utopian architect serves as a critic and not as a producer or a contributor to either oppression or non-oppression. The idealism of the status quo adapts to the current conditions of the society in a certain time and space. As a result, authoritarian and liberal regimes of our world serve as a base to dictate the set of rules in which an idealized civilization would be constructed and the elements that must be included or excluded from it to exist as a reality.

it as the architect is no longer needed. Seeing the consequences of the design decisions by the architect, I wonder how a high-rise society would work for a community where the economic status is equal? Or, how would a high-rise society would be designed to accommodate all individuals equally? Would the form follow the function or would the program define the spaces? I think that it is a hard question that has no perfect answer but I find well worth exploring to find the ways in which design can define the principle values of societies. These could then work as socialist structures where all members serve different purposes within the building but have the same benefits as the concept of verticality and wealth becomes distorted.

CONCEPT STATEMENT

1. Tzonis, Alexander. “The Hopeless Arcadia.” In Towards A Non-Opressive Environment. (Press Series on the Human Environment, 1972), 107110.

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH SITE RESEARCH PROGRAM RESEARCH CORE STUDY FACADE RESEARCH PRECEDENT STUDY

by a group of members where each individual serves a different purpose and no individuals can be taken out from the system as the city would no longer be able to exist as an independent and self-sufficient entity. 4. Kenneth Frampton, “Towards a Critical Regionalism” in The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Postmodern Culture, ed. Hal Foster, (New York: The New Press, 1988), 16-30. Towards a Critical Regionalism is divided into six points where Frampton discusses the relationship of architecture and being to the larger context. The new approaches towards architectural design have in a sense limited the conditions of buildings to adapt to the construction industry. He supports the idea that constant development to the urban fabric of cities have as a result caused a dissolution to the cohesiveness of certain regions. Frampton introduces the concept of “critical regionalism” and begins to state the set of rules or parameters that architecture must follow in order to create a sense of place – an identification to a particular region. Globalization and world cultures have influenced our civilizations to think in a more generic manner. Architectural standards for a building are dictated by codes and norms and not by the social and cultural environments of a certain area. Nevertheless, it is the responsibility of the architect to borrow from the past to move forward but always while prevailing the notion of context. Frampton argues also that whereas ornament, stenographic, and perspective have stimulated the loss of placement of a building, to him it is crucial that a building relates directly to the topography in which it sits while addressing the larger context. His statements can be analyzed in comparison to some of the newest constructions in today’s world. Driven with financial purposes, mega-structures of the 21th Century are alienating context. It is more common to find nowadays skyscrapers that were created on locations where the inhabitants of the region could not afford living or working there. Architecturally speaking, this alienation is also dictated by the use of avant-guarde construction techniques and material installations that are not local or found in that specific region. Therefore, modern architecture has detached from the values of placement in order to address the international standards of high-end construction which is a shame because a building’s tectonics should speak proudly about the regionalism of it and not the financial basis that supports it. 5. Le Corbusier, Towards a new architecture (henceforth TNA), trans. F. Etchells, New York: Dover, 1986. 6. Rem Koolhaas, “Bigness, or the Problem of Large,” OMA, Rem Koolhaas, and Bruce Man, S, M, L, XL (New York: Monacelli Press, 1995), 494516. In the wise words of John F. Kennedy: “A man may die, nations may rise and fall, but an idea lives on. Ideas have endurance without death.” When asked 46

about the way I feel about architecture, I cannot begin to speak without thinking of Le Corbusier. I find often that despite our differences in time and space, he and I can communicate through his ideas. He and I understand each other. Growing up agnostic and atheist, the only people I truly believed in were my father, Corbusier, Kahn, and Van der Rohe. Their work was honest and their ideals on architecture were clearly presented in the projects they designed. They were people who really stood up for what they believed in and refused to practice any other form of their art. To me, that was a way of identification. Reading again Le Corbusier’s “Towards a new architecture”, my position on art and architecture is firmer than ever. In this text, Corbusier imposes his new rules that dictate the way in which modern designers must address architecture. When discussing the relationship between aesthetics and functionality he mentions:“Architecture is a thing of art, a phenomenon of the emotions, lying outside questions of construction and beyond them. The purpose of construction is to make things hold together; of architecture to move us. Architectural emotion exists when the work rings within us [is] in tune with the universe whose laws we obey, recognize and respect. When certain harmonies have been attained, the work captures us. Architecture is a matter of harmonies, it is a pure creation of the spirit.”1 In other words, Architecture can never be only about its form, or about its construction; architecture must work cohesively as a system where every element serves its purpose – a living machine. Moreover, Corbusier also argues that Art is no the same for all. He states: “The art of our period is performing its proper functions when it addresses itself to the chosen few.Art is not a popular thing, still less an expensive toy for rich people. Art is not an essential pabulum except for the chosen few who have need of meditation in order that the may lead. Art is in essence arrogant.”2 So, If art is only for the chosen few, does that mean that beautiful architecture is only for those who can appreciate it at an intellectual level? It is hard to distinct the concepts of equality and justice. If given the same opportunities to a large population, will they all achieve the same results? Perhaps not. Nevertheless, architecture should not neglect any individual. I agree with Corbusier that art is arrogant; art is not very popular and it is not a toy for the rich. Art should have no political, economical, or religious stand. Art is in its essence a way of expressing our ideas through different techniques while combining our social values, cultural background and context to our place and time. Given these assumptions, how would a true artistic skyscraper perform. Is is a mega-structure in which all inhabitants appreciate the building equally? Is it High-rise where only a chosen few are allowed to inhabit it based on their intellectual capabilities? Or is it perhaps just a building where living is not dictated by socio-economic standards where hierarchical statuses are lost?

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL

The image of a skyscraper is is one of monumental magnitude; one that defines “iconic”. As Koolhass stated “The best reason to broach BIGNNESS is the one given by climbers of Mount Everest: “because it is there.” BIGNESS is the ultimate architecture.”3 These skyscrapers as a result define the skyline and identification of cities, but how many times do we have the possibility of inhabiting them rather than watching them from afar? If we look at skyscrapers as the ultimate definition of architecture – the maximum a building can achieve – why do we focus only in achieving the highest standards of construction and not the ones of social and cultural values. Skyscrapers focus on the bigness. Investors, architects, engineers and contractors group to try to achieve the tallest point or the largest footprint; but when have skyscrapers focused on achieving the maximum amount of ethnic races within it? Or the minimum cost of living within them? It seems to me that the goals stated as designers of the modernist era have failed to address the real life problems that our world faces. Why is it that skyscrapers are only for the top small percentage of wealthy individuals that can afford to rent a luxurious space and not for all citizen? I believe that the ultimate definition of architectural BIGNESS is one were the project is financed by governments and not private institutions; and where all the citizen have the same opportunities to populate such structure and have access to medical, nutritional, and educational institutions within the colony. Ideally, under these circumstances the education would become equal to all residents; therefore, in an isolated environment this community would perform better collectively as the individuals will have the same opportunities.

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY SITE RESEARCH PROGRAM RESEARCH

1. Corbusier, 19 2. Corbusier, 102 3. Koolhaas, 496

CORE STUDY FACADE RESEARCH PRECEDENT STUDY

CONCEPT STATEMENT

Area: Capital City: 777.1 km2 (300.0 sq mi) Metro: 4,715.1 km2 (1,820.5 sq mi)

PROJECT PROPOSAL

Elevation: Highest:1,400 m (4,600 ft) Lowest: 870 m (2,850 ft)

SITE RESEARCH #13

PANORAMIC VIEW

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

Population (2011): Capital City: 3,273,863 Density: 4,212.9/km2 (10,911/sq mi)

#14

#15

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela is located at the North of South America just above the Equator line. As a result, the weather is tropical throughout the year providing maximum daylight followed by a short rainy season. Being placed in a valley surrounded by a series of mountain ranges, the site is subject to earthquakes and flooding. When there are heavy rainy seasons, the water starts to pour down the mountains and transforms small rivers into strong currents that demolish informal settlements and it creates a Domino effect dragging the ruins on its way down.

SITE RESEARCH

Placed in the city center in one of the least topographical regions of the city, the Bolivar Avenue is one of the main circulation routes of Caracas. Maurice Rotival undoubtedly had an essential role in launching the idea of opening the road that runs from El Calvario in the direction of east Caracas when he created the “Plan Rotival,” which proses an axial East to West avenue with the opportunity to place public housing within it. But it is important to note that this was an intention that had already been expressed in public opinion about a desire to modernize the city pressed by vigorous growth that was beginning to manifest itself. By creating a monumental axis, the sides of the street became open for high-rise development. This proposal was addressed during the Marco Perez Jimenez dictatorial regime but was never constructed and most of the sites were never developed.

PROGRAM RESEARCH CORE STUDY

The site of what was supposed to be the main architectural proposal within the Plan Rotival is basically empty holding only an informal market, a park, and a bus station. Divided by the avenue, the twin four sites of roughly 400’ x 450’ are divided by the cross axial conditions of the avenue and each of them continue to adapt programatically over time to address the needs of the people of the area. Using the principle of freeing the ground floor, the project will propose to use construction techniques to extend vertically while allowing the footprint to continue to adapt to local conditions in the context.

FACADE RESEARCH PRECEDENT STUDY

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT

PROJECT PROPOSAL

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

SITE RESEARCH

PROGRAM RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT

PROJECT PROPOSAL

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

SITE RESEARCH

PROGRAM RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT

PROJECT PROPOSAL

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

SITE RESEARCH

PROGRAM RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT

PROJECT PROPOSAL

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

SITE RESEARCH

PROGRAM RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

PLAN ROTIVAL HISTORY

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT

PROJECT PROPOSAL

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

SITE RESEARCH

PROGRAM RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT

PROJECT PROPOSAL

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

SITE RESEARCH

PROGRAM RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT

PROJECT PROPOSAL

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

SITE RESEARCH

PROGRAM RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

BOLIVAR AVENUE CURRENT CONDITIONS

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT

PROJECT PROPOSAL

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

SITE RESEARCH

PROGRAM RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT

PROJECT PROPOSAL

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

SITE RESEARCH

PROGRAM RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

SITE RESEARCH

Each community within the vertical complex will hold a decent space for housing as well as other programmatic areas such as a school, a hospital, common areas, religious centers, a local market and sports facilities. In addition, there will also be the possibility for residents to occupy commercial spaces during the day for those who need to be able to work near home. By doing so, it creates the opportunity for the residents to create new spaces such as hair salons, kiosks, or simply food or items business stands to service the other residents of the community in the skyscraper.

PROGRAM RESEARCH

In addition, sports have been proven to be a way to reduce violence within crime areas in Caracas. The simple action of introducing a soccer field or a basketball court in a community have a direct impact in the criminal rates of such region. This proposal incentives the residents to become more active in the world of sports as a way out from joining the gangs that are formed within barrio communities and promote a healthy way of living.

CORE STUDY FACADE RESEARCH PRECEDENT STUDY

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

Program Proposal

100 floors skyscraper study

CONCEPT STATEMENT

PROJECT PROPOSAL

PROGRAM RESEARCH

FACADE RESEARCH

RELIGIOUS

CORE STUDY

COMMUNAL

COMMERCIAL EDUCATIONAL

SPORTS RESIDENTIAL

SITE RESEARCH

Merged Modular Aggregation Stacked Modular Aggregation

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

VS.

PRECEDENT STUDY

http://u-tt.com/project/fabrica-de-cultura-grotao/

FACADE RESEARCH CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT

PROJECT PROPOSAL

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

SITE RESEARCH

PROGRAM RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

PRECEDENT STUDY

http://u-tt.com/project/vertical-gym/

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH CORE STUDY

CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL

Index Table BUILDING CORE MODULE COMPONENTS

1 PER 50 OCCUPANTS

1 PER 200 OCCUPANTS

1. DOUBLE

1. SIDE

1. FREIGHT

1. TRIPLE

300

400

W.C. W.C.

W.C.

W.C. W.C.

W.C.

W.C. W.C.

UR.

W.C. W.C.

UR.

W.C.

W.C. W.C.

UR. W.C.

W.C.

UR.

W.C. W.C. UR.

W.C.

UR.

W.C.

W.C. UR.

UR.

W.C.

UR.

W.C.

W.C. W.C.

UR.

W.C.

W.C. UR.

UR.

W.C.

UR. W.C.

W.C.

W.C. W.C.

W.C. W.C. W.C.

W.C.

W.C. W.C.

UR.

W.C.

W.C. UR.

UR.

W.C.

UR. W.C.

W.C.

W.C. W.C. UR.

UR.

W.C. UR.

UR.

W.C.

UR. W.C.

W.C.

W.C. W.C.

W.C.

UR.

W.C.

W.C. UR.

UR.

UR. UR. W.C. UR.

W.C.

UR.

W.C.

W.C. UR. W.C.

W.C. W.C.

W.C.

W.C. UR.

W.C.

W.C. UR. UR.

W.C.

UR.

UR. W.C.

W.C.

W.C. UR. UR.

UR.

W.C.

UR.

UR. W.C.

W.C.

UR.

W.C. UR. UR.

UR.

W.C.

UR.

W.C. UR.

W.C.

W.C. W.C.

UR.

W.C.

UR.

W.C.

UR.

UR. W.C.

2. SIX FIX.

3. EIGHT FIX.

4,950 SF

1. TWO

2. THREE 1

2. QUAD 1

1. FIREFIGHTERS ONLY 0

120

205

66 %

5,075 SF

2 46.5

68 %

9,900 SF

367

59 %

10,150 SF

88.5

313

43.5 %

14,850 SF

508

54.6 %

15,225 SF

627

19,800 SF

1 45

1048

84.5%

20,300 SF

826

57.4 %

58%

29, 700 SF

819

52.8%

30,450 SF

1192.5

66.3 %

39,600 SF

84.3

1511

81.2%

40,600 SF

1547

71.7%

1045

100%

4800 SF

278

7599 SF

227

SITE RESEARCH

40000

W.C.

UR.

30000

W.C.

UR.

W.C.

W.C. UR.

W.C.

UR.

UR. W.C.

UR.

W.C.

UR.

200

W.C.

UR.

OCCUPANCY

LAYOUT

CAPACITY SF

W.C.

20000

W.C.

150

W.C.

15000

W.C.

100

W.C.

1. FOUR FIX.

W.C.

3B 4A

10000

2. FRONTAL

W.C.

2. SINGLE

W.C.

2. Area: 5,075 sf (145’ x 35’)

W.C.

1. Area: 4,950 sf (125' x 40')

W.C.

1 UNIT PER 150 OCCUPANTS

W.C. W.C.

1 ELEVATOR PER 50 OCCUPANTS

W.C.

BASED ON BUSINESS OCCUPANCY B, TABLE 403.1

W.C. W.C.

44" MIN. EGRESS IS PROVIDED AT END OF ANY CORRIDOR; 150' MAX. APART

W.C. W.C.

NO DEAD END CORRIDORS.

W.C. W.C.

ALL GRIDS ARE TO BE 5000 SF SERVICING 1 OCCUPANT PER 100 SQ. FT.

W.C.

RULESET:

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

RULESET:

W.C.

FIRE TOWER

RULESET:

W.C.

MEP

SERVICES

RULESET:

1A 5000

V. CIRCULATION

BATHROOM RULESET:

DAYLIGHT PERMIETER (FT.)

EGRESS RULESET:

DAYLIGHT PERCENTAGE (%)

CORRIDOR RULESET:

TRAVEL DISTANCE (FT.)

GRID RULESET:

LEGEND

LAV SF

LAV TOTAL: TOTAL:

0 3 4

TOTAL: TOTAL:

0 5 6

20000 SF TOTAL: 100

LAV 10000 SF

LAV

30000 SF TOTAL: 100

LAV

6 6

TOTAL: 100

5 TOTAL: 11 TOTAL: 12

1 TOTAL: 100

CORE STUDY

TOTAL: TOTAL:

40000 SF

1 TOTAL: 100

5 TOTAL: 9 TOTAL: 12

15000 SF

5 TOTAL: 7 TOTAL: 8

PROGRAM RESEARCH

5000

LEGEND TRAVEL DISTANCE - LONGEST ROUTE

FACADE RESEARCH

PERIMETER GLAZING CORRIDOR GLAZING 35' SOLAR EXPOSURE 75' LEGAL EGRESS DISTANCE INDEX TABLE FOR CORE STUDY Fall 2016

PRECEDENT STUDY

CORE STUDY Eli Eskenazi

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH CORE STUDY

CORE STUDY P LAN M O D U LE S

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL

5,000 Square Foot Plan Modules

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

DOWN

DOWN W.C. W.C.

DOWN

W.C.

Name: 1B Area: 5,075 sf (145’ x 35’) Occupancy: 50 Longest Distance: 84' Length Perimeter: 210’ Length Glazed Hallway: 36’ 6" Daylight Percentage: 68%

SITE RESEARCH

UR.

PROGRAM RESEARCH

W.C. UR. W.C.

W.C.

UP DOWN

CORE STUDY

5,000 SQUARE FOOT PLAN MODULE Fall 2016

PRECEDENT STUDY

CORE STUDY Eli Eskenazi

FACADE RESEARCH

Name: 1A Area: 4,950 sf (125' x 40') Occupancy: 50 Longest Distance: 120' 4" Length Perimeter: 195' Length Glazed Hallway: 10' Daylight Percentage: 66%

CONCEPT STATEMENT

Name: 2B Area: 10,150 sf (5,075 sf x 2) Occupancy: 100 Longest Distance: 88' 6" Length Perimeter: 249’ 2" Length Glazed Hallway: 63’ 10" Daylight Percentage: 43.5%

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

DOWN

PROGRAM RESEARCH

DOWN

UR.

SITE RESEARCH

W.C.

DOWN

W.C.

PROJECT PROPOSAL

10,000 Square Foot Plan Modules

DOWN

UP W.C. UR. DOWN W.C.

W.C.

CORE STUDY

DOWN

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

Name: 2A Area: 9,900 sf (4,950 sf x 2) Occupancy: 100 Longest Distance: 71' Length Perimeter: 318' Length Glazed Hallway: 49' 4" Daylight Percentage: 59% CORE STUDY Eli Eskenazi

10,000 SQUARE FOOT PLAN MODULE Fall 2016

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL

15,000 Square Foot Plan Modules

DOWN

UP UP

DOWN

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

DOWN

UP UP

DOWN

UR.

W.C.

UR.

W.C.

DOWN

SITE RESEARCH

W.C.

Name: 3B Area: 15,225 sf (5,075 sf x 3) Occupancy: 150 Longest Distance: 97' 8" Length Perimeter: 443’ 6" Length Glazed Hallway: 183’ 8" Daylight Percentage: 58%

PROGRAM RESEARCH

DOWN UP

W.C.

UR.

W.C. W.C.

CORE STUDY

DOWN

FACADE RESEARCH

15,000 SQUARE FOOT PLAN MODULE Fall 2016

PRECEDENT STUDY

CORE STUDY Eli Eskenazi

Name: 3A Area: 14,850 sf (4,950 sf x 3) Occupancy: 150 Longest Distance: 81' 9" Length Perimeter: 464' 8" Length Glazed Hallway: 43' 3" Daylight Percentage: 54.6%

UR.

W.C. W.C.

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT

W.C.

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

20,000 Square Foot Plan Module

DOWN

FACADE RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

W.C.

UR.

W.C.

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

DOWN UP

DOWN

Name: 4A Area: 19,800 sf (4,950 sf x 4) Occupancy: 200 Longest Distance: 145' 4" Length Perimeter: 698' 1" Length Glazed Hallway: 350 Daylight Percentage: 88%

PRECEDENT STUDY

CORE STUDY

20,000 SQUARE FOOT PLAN MODULE

CONCEPT STATEMENT

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

DOWN

PROJECT PROPOSAL

20,000 Square Foot Plan Module

DOWN

SITE RESEARCH

W.C.

UR.

W.C.

DOWN UP

PROGRAM RESEARCH CORE STUDY

Name: 4B Area: 20,300 sf (5,075 sf x 4) Occupancy: 200 Longest Distance: 88' 10" Length Perimeter: 732 10" Length Glazed Hallway: 92â&#x20AC;&#x2122; 11" Daylight Percentage: 57.4%

W.C. UR. W.C.

W.C.

FACADE RESEARCH

DOWN

20,000 SQUARE FOOT PLAN MODULE Fall 2016

PRECEDENT STUDY

CORE STUDY Eli Eskenazi

CONCEPT STATEMENT

SITE RESEARCH

DOWN

UP DOWN DOWN

UR.

W.C.

PROGRAM RESEARCH

W.C.

UR.

W.C. UP

DOWN

CORE STUDY

PROJECT PROPOSAL ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

30,000 Square Foot Plan Module

Name: 5A Area: 29,700 sf (4,950 sf x 6) Occupancy: 300 Longest Distance: 74' Length Perimeter: 819' 4" Length Glazed Hallway: 0' Daylight Percentage: 52.84%

DOWN

FACADE RESEARCH

PRECEDENT STUDY

CORE STUDY

30,000 SQUARE FOOT PLAN MODULE

CONCEPT STATEMENT

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

DOWN

PROJECT PROPOSAL

30,000 Square Foot Plan Module

DOWN

UP W.C.

W.C.

UR.

W.C.

SITE RESEARCH

DOWN UP

PROGRAM RESEARCH

W.C. UR.

W.C.

CORE STUDY

DOWN UP UP

DOWN

Name: 5B Area: 30,450 sf (5,075 sf x 6) Occupancy: 300 Longest Distance: 60' 10" Length Perimeter: 1133' 3" Length Glazed Hallway: 59â&#x20AC;&#x2122; 3" Daylight Percentage: 66.28%

FACADE RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

30,000 SQUARE FOOT PLAN MODULE

PRECEDENT STUDY

CONCEPT STATEMENT

DOWN

DOWN DOWN

W.C.

UR.

W.C.

UR.

UR. W.C.

W.C.

UR.

SITE RESEARCH

UP W.C.

W.C.

PROJECT PROPOSAL ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

40,000 Square Foot Plan Module

DOWN

CORE STUDY

DOWN

PROGRAM RESEARCH

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

Name: 6A Area: 39,600 sf (4,950 sf x 8) Occupancy: 400 Longest Distance: 84' 4" Length Perimeter: 1325' 6" Length Glazed Hallway: 185' 4" Daylight Percentage: 81.24% CORE STUDY Eli Eskenazi

40,000 SQUARE FOOT PLAN MODULE Fall 2016

CONCEPT STATEMENT

DOWN

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

DOWN

PROJECT PROPOSAL

40,000 Square Foot Plan Module

DOWN

UP UR. W.C.

W.C.

UR.

W.C.

DOWN

SITE RESEARCH

UR.

CORE STUDY

W.C.

PROGRAM RESEARCH

W.C. DOWN

Name: 6B Area: 40,600 sf (5,075 sf x 8) Occupancy: 400 Longest Distance: 94' 8" Length Perimeter: 1354' 1" Length Glazed Hallway: 192â&#x20AC;&#x2122; 8" Daylight Percentage: 71.62%

DOWN UP

FACADE RESEARCH

40,000 SQUARE FOOT PLAN MODULE

PRECEDENT STUDY

CORE STUDY

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

Structural Plans

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

Name: 4A Area: 19,800 sf (4,950 sf x 4) Occupancy: 200 Longest Distance: 145' 4" Length Perimeter: 698' 1" Length Glazed Hallway: 350 Daylight Percentage: 88%

CORE STUDY

STRUCTURAL PLANS

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL

Structural Plans

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY SITE RESEARCH PROGRAM RESEARCH

Name: 4A Area: 19,800 sf (4,950 sf x 4) Occupancy: 200 Longest Distance: 145' 4" Length Perimeter: 698' 1" Length Glazed Hallway: 350 Daylight Percentage: 88%

CORE STUDY

Core, Mega Columns and Belt Truss Plan FACADE RESEARCH

STRUCTURAL PLANS

PRECEDENT STUDY

CORE STUDY

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

Structural Plans

CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

Name: 4A Area: 19,800 sf (4,950 sf x 4) Occupancy: 200 Longest Distance: 145' 4" Length Perimeter: 698' 1" Length Glazed Hallway: 350 Daylight Percentage: 88%

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

Typical Floor Framing Plan

CORE STUDY Eli Eskenazi

STRUCTURAL PLANS Fall 2016

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL

Structural Plans

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY SITE RESEARCH PROGRAM RESEARCH

Name: 4A Area: 19,800 sf (4,950 sf x 4) Occupancy: 200 Longest Distance: 145' 4" Length Perimeter: 698' 1" Length Glazed Hallway: 350 Daylight Percentage: 88%

CORE STUDY

Refuge Floor Plan FACADE RESEARCH

STRUCTURAL PLANS

PRECEDENT STUDY

CORE STUDY

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

Package Model

BELT TRUSS

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SHEAR WALLS AND MEGA COLUMNS

SIX COMPRESSION FLOORS CORE STUDY Eli Eskenazi

SIX TENSION FLOORS PACKAGE MODEL Fall 2016

CONCEPT STATEMENT

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

SITE RESEARCH

PROGRAM RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

PRECEDENT STUDY

PACKAGE MODEL CORE STUDY

PROJECT PROPOSAL

Package Model

12 FLOOR STRUCTURAL PACKAGE

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT

Curtain Wall Study

TYPE

IMAGE

SECTION DETAIL

MANUFACTURER

DESCRIPTION

APPLICATION REFERENCE

Point Supported

Pilkington

laminated glass to resist wind load and snow load requirements. Glass attachment underloading to reduce stresses in the glass typically bolted to a steel backup structure.

Pilkington

Finwall is an exclusive structural wall system comprised of facade glass panels and vertical glass mullions designed to resist wind load and seismic forces. Finwall is free from visual obstructions, limiting the need for metal framing to the perimeter and

SITE RESEARCH

Finwall

Stevens Institute of Technology Ecoplan

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

Point supported canopies and facades are

PROJECT PROPOSAL

Facade System Matrix

2300 N Street, NW Fox Architects

PROGRAM RESEARCH

Stackwall is an structural wall system with facade glass panels joined to vertical glass

Stackwall

Pilkington

Dartmouth College Black Visual Arts Center Machado & Silvetti Associates, LLC

Specialty systems are unique in their design and application. These systems require review in the early stages of design to determine the proper structural requirements of the building structure. Specialty systems Orlando International Airport JPRA Architects

PRECEDENT STUDY

CURTAIN WALL STUDY Eli Eskenazi + Serena Huang

Pilkington

FACADE RESEARCH

Specialty

CORE STUDY

glass mullions are designed to resist wind loads and seismic forces. Stackwall can be engineered to integrate with Finwall.

FACADE SYSTEM MATRIX 93 Fall 2016

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL

Facade System Matrix

TYPE

IMAGE

SECTION DETAIL

MANUFACTURER

PROGRAM RESEARCH CORE STUDY FACADE RESEARCH PRECEDENT STUDY

DESCRIPTION

APPLICATION REFERENCE

- Ideal for vertical and polygon faรงades, sloped glazing and spatial structures - Individual design thanks to a wide range

Stick System

WICTEC

adaptation to structural requirements, with the additional option of internal reinforcement - Glazing from outside featuring single- and/or - Design options with concealed or visible - Extensive solutions for structure junctions and conservatories

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

Curtain Wall Study

Ulm Neue Mitte - Sparkasse Stephan Braunfels Architekten BDA

project requirements - Production of the complete units in the and thus assuring a constantly high product quality

Unitized System

Kawneer

site, with special system anchors provides a high level of thermal insulation - Narrow sight lines for maximum transparency depth - Reliable corner connection with system brackets

TYPE

Frame

CURTAIN WALL STUDY 94 Eli Eskenazi + Serena Huang

IMAGE

MANUFACTURER

Omni Ecosystems

DESCRIPTION - Aluminum framework is lightweight, attractive, and easy to assemble. - Custom sizes available. - Growing media replicates healthy ecosystems of true soils, improves longterm plant growth and reduces on-going maintenance. - Growing media is ultra-lightweight. Proven plant palette has a track record of successful green wall growth.

Hess Tower, Houston, TX Gensler

PROGRAM USE

Any application

irrigation and strategic irrigation controls

FACADE SYSTEM MATRIX Fall 2016

CONCEPT STATEMENT

Curtain Wall Study

TYPE

IMAGE

MANUFACTURER

temperature regulation - promotes the formation of an insulating layer of air, thereby preventing an excessive increase of the inside temperature due to direct solar irradiation. - several advantages when applied to vertical structures: the insulating cushion of air between vegetation and faรงade evens

PROGRAM USE

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

Jakob

Wire Trellis

DESCRIPTION

Parking, storage

reduces heating and air-conditioning costs. irrigation and strategic irrigation controls

IMAGE

Shildan

- ceramic sunscreen which is used in front of windows and curtain wall. - with metal rods running through the tubes, and gaskets and closure brackets on each end. - a glazed ceramic tube which is also used as a sunscreen and is available in many different shapes, sizes, and colors.

PROGRAM USE

FACADE RESEARCH PRECEDENT STUDY

CURTAIN WALL STUDY Eli Eskenazi + Serena Huang

The New York TImes Building Sunscreen Renzo Piano

DESCRIPTION

CORE STUDY

Alphatube

MANUFACTURER

Residential

PROGRAM RESEARCH

TYPE

Greenscreen

SITE RESEARCH

Panel

Panels mounted to balconies are also connected vertically to the roof garden on this four story residential building. Two plant species grow intertwined from the planting beds at the building front.

PROJECT PROPOSAL

Facade System Matrix

FACADE SYSTEM MATRIX 95 Fall 2016

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

Facade System Matrix

TYPE

CORE STUDY FACADE RESEARCH PRECEDENT STUDY

IMAGE

Longoton

MANUFACTURER

Shildan

National Museum of American Jewish History Ennead Architects

Alphaton

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

Curtain Wall Study

Shildan

Advanced Engineering Building, The University of Queensland Richard Kirk

TYPE

IMAGE

Greenpix Simone Giostra & Partners and ARUP

PROGRAM USE

- can be incorporated in both horizontal and vertical support systems. - can be oriented in either a horizontal or a vertical layout. -Terracota Panels - panel clips - Aluminum sub-structure support system - The extruded, double leaf, 40mm (1.57”) panel is available in up to 10’ lengths

- available in sizes up to 16”x 60” - can be incorporated in both horizontal and vertical support systems. - can be oriented in either a horizontal or a vertical layout. -Terracota Panels - panel clips - Aluminum sub-structure support system

Any application

DESCRIPTION - a groundbreaking project applying sustainable and digital media technology to the curtain wall of Xicui Entertainment Complex in Beijing - the worlds largest color LED display, powered by a photovoltaic system integrated into the glass curtain wall. - showcase a selection of specially commissioned video installations and live performances by artists from China, Europe and the US - transforms the building envelop into a self-

Zero Energy Media Wall

CURTAIN WALL STUDY 96 Eli Eskenazi + Serena Huang

DIAGRAM

DESCRIPTION

PROGRAM USE

Hotel

energy by day and using it to illuminate the screen after dark, mirroring a day’s climatic cycle.

FACADE SYSTEM MATRIX Fall 2016

CONCEPT STATEMENT

Curtain Wall Study

TYPE

MANUFACTURER

DESCRIPTION

HAVER & BOECKER OHG

- a combination of HAVER Architectural Mesh and LED Technology by Traxon Technologies - creates individually programmable lighting effects in any colours including video presentations - ideal for night time presentations and suitable for daytime presentations in certain conditions with broad viewing angles and perfect color mixing - fully suitable for daylight presentations with excellent high brightness - due to the modular structure of the system, façades can completely or partially be designed as a media façade

PROGRAM USE

Marketing Communication, Commericial

SITE RESEARCH

- controls the span of illumination by the angling of the LEDs. They can be focused on

Marketing Communication, Commericial,

FACADE RESEARCH PRECEDENT STUDY

CURTAIN WALL STUDY Eli Eskenazi + Serena Huang

SmartSlab Ltd.

- uses two bionic principles – the honeycomb shape and the compound eye - the stability of honeycomb is a protection for the electronics and makes the system robust - polycarbonate offers transparency and high mechanical stability - the compound eye principle gives a better and clearer picture imaging than other systems.

CORE STUDY

Smartslab

GKD Metal Fabrics

- creative lighting effects can be achieved using individually programmed lighting Marketing Communication, Commericial, concepts - compared to conventional illumination systems, Illumesh offers higher resolution imagery, weather and temperature resistance, and excels as an Internet-operated, highperformance media surface

PROGRAM RESEARCH

Illumesh

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

Imagic Weave Media Facade

IMAGE

PROJECT PROPOSAL

Facade System Matrix

FACADE SYSTEM 97 MATRIX Fall 2016

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

INTEGRATED SYSTEMS MODEL

CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT

Curtain Wall Application Conditions changing nature of skin:

PROJECT PROPOSAL

• • •

Elevation Exposure Program

EAST

NORTH

WEST

ELEVATION: 1,000 FT

OFFICE MECHANICAL

RECREATIONAL SKY LOBBY

OFFICE MECHANICAL

RECREATIONAL SKY LOBBY

SITE RESEARCH

SOUTH

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

EXPOSURE

PROGRAM RESEARCH CORE STUDY

CURTAIN WALL FACADE RESEARCH

CONDITIONS CHAN NATURE OF SKIN: RECREATIONAL SKY LOBBY

RESIDENTIAL MECHANICAL

RECREATIONAL SKY LOBBY

- ELEVATION - EXPOSURE - PROGRAM 99

PRECEDENT STUDY

ELEVATION: 500 FT

RESIDENTIAL MECHANICAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL

Facade Analysis

CONDITIONS: ELEVATION: 1,000 FT EXPOSURE: SOUTH + EAST FACADE

SOUTH

EAST

PROGRAM: RECREATIONAL CURTAIN WALL: DOUBLE GLAZED CURTAIN WALL WITH ALUMINUM FINS PROGRAM: SKY LOBBY CURTAIN WALL: BRISE SOLEIL PROGRAM: MECHANICAL CURTAIN WALL: BRISE SOLEIL

PROGRAM RESEARCH

CONDITIONS: ELEVATION: 1,000 FT EXPOSURE: NORTH + WEST FACADE

NORTH

WEST

PROGRAM: RESIDENTIAL CURTAIN WALL: DOUBLE GLAZED CURTAIN WALL WITH ALUMINUM FINS

CORE STUDY

PROGRAM: OFFICE CURTAIN WALL: DOUBLE GLAZED CURTAIN WALL WITH ALUMINUM FINS PROGRAM: RECREATIONAL CURTAIN WALL: POINT SUPPORTED DOUBLE GLAZED CURTAIN WALL

FACADE RESEARCH PRECEDENT STUDY

PROGRAM: RESIDENTIAL CURTAIN WALL: POINT SUPPORTED DOUBLE GLAZED CURTAIN WALL PROGRAM: OFFICE CURTAIN WALL: POINT SUPPORTED DOUBLE GLAZED CURTAIN WALL

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

Curtain Wall Study

PROGRAM: SKY LOBBY CURTAIN WALL: BRISE SOLEIL PROGRAM: MECHANICAL CURTAIN WALL: BRISE SOLEIL CURTAIN WALL STUDY Eli Eskenaki + Serena Huang

100

FACADE ANALYSIS Fall 2016

CONCEPT STATEMENT

Curtain Wall Study

PROJECT PROPOSAL

Facade Analysis

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

CONDITIONS: ELEVATION: 500 FT EXPOSURE: SOUTH + EAST FACADE

SOUTH

EAST

PROGRAM: RESIDENTIAL CURTAIN WALL: DOUBLE GLAZED CURTAIN WALL WITH ALUMINUM FINS PROGRAM: OFFICE CURTAIN WALL: DOUBLE GLAZED CURTAIN WALL WITH ALUMINUM FINS PROGRAM: RECREATIONAL CURTAIN WALL: GREEN WALL

SITE RESEARCH

PROGRAM: SKY LOBBY CURTAIN WALL: GREEN WALL PROGRAM: MECHANICAL CURTAIN WALL: GREEN WALL

PROGRAM RESEARCH

CONDITIONS: ELEVATION: 500 FT EXPOSURE: NORTH + WEST FACADE

NORTH

WEST

PROGRAM: RESIDENTIAL CURTAIN WALL: GREEN WALL

CORE STUDY

PROGRAM: OFFICE CURTAIN WALL: GREEN WALL PROGRAM: RECREATIONAL CURTAIN WALL: DOUBLE GLAZED CURTAIN WALL WITH ALUMINUM FINS

FACADE RESEARCH

PROGRAM: SKY LOBBY CURTAIN WALL: DOUBLE GLAZED CURTAIN WALL WITH ALUMINUM FINS PROGRAM: MECHANICAL CURTAIN WALL: GREEN WALL FACADE ANALYSIS Fall 2016

101

PRECEDENT STUDY

CURTAIN WALL STUDY Eli Eskenaki + Serena Huang

Sun Path Analysis

CONCEPT STATEMENT PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

Site/Context Study

CURTAIN WALL STUDY Eli Eskenazi + Serena Huang

102

SUMMER SOLAR STUDY

SPRING SOLAR STUDY

JUNE 21

MARCH 20

1:00PM

12:00PM

SUN PATH ANALYSIS Fall 2016

CONCEPT STATEMENT

Site/Context Study

PROJECT PROPOSAL

Sun Path Analysis

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY SITE RESEARCH PROGRAM RESEARCH CORE STUDY

WINTER SOLAR STUDY

SEPTEMBER 22

DECEMBER 21

11:00AM

10:00AM

FACADE RESEARCH SUN PATH ANALYSIS Fall 2016

103

PRECEDENT STUDY

CURTAIN WALL STUDY Eli Eskenazi + Serena Huang

FALL SOLAR STUDY

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CONCEPT STATEMENT

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY SITE RESEARCH PROGRAM RESEARCH

56 Leonard Leonard Street 56 Street

Type: Office Type: Office Town China Town or or city:City: Beijing,Beijing, China Height: 768768 ft ft Height: Floor 4,188,010 sq ft Floorarea: Area: 4,188,010 sq ft Floors: 51 (3 below ground) Floors: 51 (3 below ground) Architecture firm: Office for Metropolitan Architecture Architecture Firm: Office for Metropolitan Ar-Institute East China Architectural Design & Research chitecturestarted: + East China Architectural Design & Construction 2004 Research Institute Completed: 2012

Type: Office + Observation + Communication Type: Office + Observation + Communication Town or or city:City: Manhattan, NYC Town Manhattan, NYC Height: 1,776 ft Height: 1,776 ft Floor area: 3,501,274 sq ft Floor Area: 3,501,274 sq ft Floors: 94 (+5 below ground floors) Floors: 94 (+5 below ground floors) Architecture firm: David Childs + Daniel Libeskind Architecture Firm: David Childs + Daniel LibesConstruction started: 2006 Completed: 2013 kind

Type: Condominium Type: Condominium Town or or city:City: Manhattan, NYC Town Manhattan, NYC Height: 821821 ft ft Height: Floors: 57 Floors: 57 Architecture firm: Herzog & de Meuron Architecture Firm: Herzog & de Meuron Goldstein, Hill & West Architects Goldstein, Hill & West Architects Construction started: 2007 Completed: 2016 Started: 2007 Construction

Construction Started: 2006 Completed: 2013

Completed: 2016

105

PRECEDENT STUDY

Construction Started: 2004 Completed: 2012

FACADE RESEARCH

OneWorld World One TradeTrade Center Center

CORE STUDY

CCTV Headquarters CCTV Headquarters

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH SITE RESEARCH PROGRAM RESEARCH CORE STUDY FACADE RESEARCH PRECEDENT STUDY

Wuhan Center

One Madison Park

ADNOC Headquarters

Type: Hotel + Residential + Office Town or City: Wuhan, Hubei Height: 1,437 ft Floor Area: 3,702,000 sq ft Floors: 88 Architecture Firm: ECADI Construction Started: 2013 Estimated Completion: 2017

Type: Condominium Town or City: Manhattan, NYC Height: 617.5 ft Floors: 50 Architecture Firm: Cetra/Ruddy Construction Started: 2006 Completed: 2013

Type: Commercial + Multi-Storey Project Town or City: Abu Dhabi Height: 1,122 ft Floors: 76 Architecture Firm: HOK Construction started: 2009 Completed: 2014

106

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY SITE RESEARCH PROGRAM RESEARCH

Taipei101 101 Taipei

Type: Type:Residential Residential Town city: Malmรถ, Sweden Townoror City: Malmรถ, Sweden Height: ft ft Height:623 623 Floor area: 296,008 sq ft Floor Area: 296,008 sq ft Floors: 54 Floors: 54firm: Santiago Calatrava Architecture Architecture Firm:2001 Santiago Calatrava Construction started: Completed: 2005Started: 2001 Construction

Type: use use Type:Mixed Mixed Town city: Dubai, UAE UAE Townoror City: Dubai, Height: ft ft Height:2,717 2,717 Floor area: 3,331,100 sq ft Floor Area: 3,331,100 sq ft Floors: 154 usable floors plus 9 maintenance levels, Floors: 154 usable floors plusparking 9 maintenance lev46 spire levels, and 2 below-ground levels els, 46 spire levels, and 2 below-ground parking Architecture firm: Adrian Smith levels Construction started: 2004 Completed: 2009Firm: Adrian Smith Architecture

Type: Offices Type:Comercial Comercial Offices Town city: Taipei, Taiwan Townoror City: Taipei, Taiwan Height: 1,671 ft Height: Floors:1,671 101ft Floors: 101 Floor Area: 4,440,100 sq ft Floor area: 4,440,100 sq ft Architecture firm: Y. & Partners Architecture firm: C. Y. C. & Partners Construction Started: Construction started: 1999 1999 Completed: 2004 Completed: 2004

Completed: 2005

FACADE RESEARCH

BurjKhalifa Khalifa Burj

CORE STUDY

TurningTorso Torso Turning

107

PRECEDENT STUDY

Construction Started: 2004 Completed: 2009

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CCTV HEADQUARTERS / BEIJING, CHINA

Eli Eskenazi / Serena Huang

108

CONCEPT STATEMENT

Conceptual Framework

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CCTV Headquarters / OMA

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

PROJECT: China Central Television (CCTV) Headquarters ARCHITECT: Rem Koolhaas and Ole Scheeren / OMA TYPE: Television Station and Headquarters

STATUS: Competition 2002; Completion 2012 CLIENT: China Central Television (CCTV) LOCATION: Beijing, China

SITE: 20 hectares in new Central Business District

SCALE: Total Project 599,000 sq.m; CCTV 473,000 sq.m

SITE RESEARCH PROGRAM RESEARCH CORE STUDY FACADE RESEARCH

http://oma.eu/projects/cctv-headquarters Precedent Study

Arch 501 Degree Project Research

HIgh Rise Studio

Eli Eskenazi + Serena Huang

PRECEDENT STUDY

109

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

CCTV Headquarters / OMA

Conceptual Framework The CCTV headquarters aims at an alternative to the exhausted typology of the skyscraper. Instead of competing in the race for ultimate height and style within a traditional two-dimensional tower ‘soaring’ skyward, CCTV’s loop poses a truly three-dimensional experience, culminating in a 75-metre cantilever. The building is visible from most of Beijing; it sometimes comes across as big and sometimes small, from some angles strong and from others soft. CCTV’s form facilitates the combination of the entire process of TV-making in a loop of interconnected activities. Two towers rise from a common production studio plat-

SITE RESEARCH

The innovative structure of the building is the result of long term collaboration between European and Chinese engineers to achieve new possibilities for the high-rise. The forces at work within the structure are rendered visible on the façade: a web of triangulated steel tubes - diagrids - that, instead of forming a regular pattern of diamonds, become dense in areas of greater stress, looser and more open in areas requiring less support. The façade itself becomes a visual manifestation of the building’s structure.

PROGRAM RESEARCH

by a cantilevering bridge for administration, the Overhang.

The self-supporting hybrid facade structure features high performance glass panels with a sun shading of 70 percent open ceramic frit, creating the soft silver-grey color that gives the building a surprisingly subtle presence in the Beijing skyline.

CORE STUDY

network, and will be the arrival and departure hub for the 10,000 workers inside CCTV headquarters. Connected to the lobby, 12 studios (the largest is 2,000 square metres) perform the main function of the building: TV making.

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

The CCTV headquarters also facilitates an unprecedented degree of public access to the production of China’s media: a Public Loop takes visitors on a dedicated path through the building, revealing everyday studio work as well as the history of CCTV, and culminating at the edge of the cantilever, with spectacular views towards the CBD, the Forbidden City, and the rest of Beijing.

110

CONCEPT STATEMENT

Administration 64,800 sq.m Multi-purpose 54,900 sq.m

News Broadcasting 65,000 sq.m Broadcasting 31,800 sq.m

Production Studios 105,400 sq.m Public Loop 11,100 sq.m Facilities 22,500 sq.m Parking 59,700 sq.m

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

PROGRAM:

Programmatic System

PROJECT PROPOSAL

CCTV Headquarters / OMA The design for the 450 000 sq.m, 234m tall, CCTV building thus combines services – the entire process of Chinese TV – in a single loop of interconnected

activities around the four elements of the building: the nine-storey ‘Base’, the two leaning Towers that slope at 6° in each direction, and the nine to 13-storey ‘Overhang’, suspended 36 storeys in the air.

The public facilities are in a second building, the Television Cultural Centre

(TVCC), and both are serviced from a support building that houses major plant as and covers 187 000 sq.m, including a landscaped media park with external features. Work began on site in September 2004.

SITE RESEARCH PROGRAM RESEARCH CORE STUDY FACADE RESEARCH PRECEDENT STUDY

111

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

CCTV Headquarters / OMA

CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

Emergency Evacuation Time

lengths. There’s single elevators, but there’s also double-deck elevatora that travel through the building to save complex system of circulation that makes all parts of the building accessible very quickly.

FACADE RESEARCH PRECEDENT STUDY

Circulatory System

112

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL

Introduction

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

The new headquarter of China Central Television (CCTV) is located in the Central Business District on the east side of the Beijing; it is an iconic “loop” structure that changed the architectural image of China’s capital city. The CCTV building was start constructed two 6 degrees towers section on ground level in September 2004, the structural design was plan to bent these two towers at 90 degrees at the top and bottom to meet, and later on joined to complete the continuous loop in December 2007. The height of CCTV tower

SITE RESEARCH

and it contains a series of horizontal and vertical sections, this establishes that the concept of the structure as an earthbound structure. The CCTV building combines the ent sections and levels, they are a 75,000m2 administration, a 65,000m2 programme 40,000m2 broadcasting area, a 120,000m2 programme production spaces, a 30,000m2

PROGRAM RESEARCH

Eli Eskenazi / Serena Huang

Critera I - Conceptual Framework

Fall 2016

PRECEDENT STUDY

113

FACADE RESEARCH

CCTV Headquarters / Beijing, China

CORE STUDY

The base section of the building is 45m high surrounding by a 2,400m2 footprints. The top section is overhang and develops from 9 storeys at one end to 13 storeys at the other, a total of 36 storeys suspended 162m from ground level in the air. The total construction of CCTV building has been estimated at 5 billion RMB ($600 million) and it will employ 10,000 people and will extend China State Television broadcast range from 16 channels to 200 channels.

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH SITE RESEARCH

The dead load of CCTV headquarter is equal to 125,000 tons of steel elements because it is constructed mainly by raw steel, this including external primary structure, internal structure, transfer trusses, transfer trusses inside the towers, transfer trusses at the underside of the overhang. There is no roof of CCTV building as it is continues tube structure, however the overhang structure will contribute a large magnitude to dead load

The live loads of CCTV headquarter are including 10,000 workers, air-condition system, pipes system, electrical power supplies, VIP elevators, executive elevators, express elevators, one sky lobby, two tower lobbies, one public lobby, numerous studios, broadcasting equipment, and facilities.

http://jimmyhxy.weebly.com/jimmy-h/building-case-study

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

Structural Loads and Load Paths

CCTV Headquarters / Beijing, China

Eli Eskenazi / Serena Huang

114

Critera IV - Structural System

Fall 2016

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL

Structural Loads and Load Paths

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

The temperature in Beijing can be very difference via seasons, the highset temperature can be 40+ degrees during summer and below 0 degree during winter, thermal loads cause by changed temperature and thermal expansion is contributed to environmental loads. The average wind speed in Beijing is around 2.0 m/s, because the continuous tube structure create a large areas to block incoming wind force, therefore the wind

SITE RESEARCH

Another environmental load is snow, rain and ice loads, because the overhang structure provide a large suspended area in the air, the snow in Beijing during winter could be heavy and this will directly increase the magnitude loads.

PROGRAM RESEARCH

http://jimmyhxy.weebly.com/jimmy-h/building-case-study

CORE STUDY

Eli Eskenazi / Serena Huang

Critera IV - Structural System

Fall 2016

PRECEDENT STUDY

115

FACADE RESEARCH

CCTV Headquarters / Beijing, China

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH SITE RESEARCH

First test was the joint test, a 1:5 scale model of the column-brace joint was used for test by Beijing’s Tsinghua University to approve its performance under cyclical loading, to avoid exceed yielding of the element at the connection lead to the whole structure to failure was one of the particular requirement. Second test was composite column test, a 1:5 scale models of the project’s non-standard steel reinforced columns was used for destructive tests by Tongji University in Shanghai, and the purpose of teats was analysis the ductility reduction cause by the high structural steel ratio. Third test was sharking table test, in order to simulate the structural performance under several seismic events, the Chana Academy of Building Research (CABR) in Beijing constructed a 7m height 1:35 scale model of the whole building that primarily made from copper.

http://jimmyhxy.weebly.com/jimmy-h/building-case-study

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

Structural Loads and Load Paths

CCTV Headquarters / Beijing, China Eli Eskenazi / Serena Huang

116

Critera IV - Structural System

Fall 2016

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL

Green Building Aspects

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

The incoming domestic main water source supplied the CCTV building drinking water, before the water passing into main water storage in the basement, it will treated with

wash hand basins, showers, air condition condensate drainage and waste cooling water will be separated collect by water system for grey water, in addition to cold water and drinking water purpose. Also, a centralized city plant that supply treat and return grey water is been proposing by local authority.

SITE RESEARCH

City pollution and air condition in Beijing problem is bad as other big city, in order to standing conditions in the building, outdoor air that entering the building will be go

pollution. PROGRAM RESEARCH CORE STUDY

Eli Eskenazi / Serena Huang

Critera V - Environmental Energy System

Fall 2016

PRECEDENT STUDY

117

FACADE RESEARCH

CCTV Headquarters / Beijing, China

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH SITE RESEARCH

lems that cause by high humidity levels, a minimum 40% level of internal humidity would be maintain in the building, therefore to provide a better occupant comfort environment. The CCTVE building contain nine main air plantrooms to working on outside air intake and exhaust air output, each plantroom provides riser velocities starting at 15m/s and mum and reduce the number of air system been operating to minimum, the total air volume will be continuously calculating by the control system, as the air volume decreases, the air-handling unit will be isolates and adjusts the fan speed of those remaining, therefore to allowing unoccupied areas to shut down. http://jimmyhxy.weebly.com/jimmy-h/building-case-study

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

Green Building Aspects

CCTV Headquarters / Beijing, China Eli Eskenazi / Serena Huang

118

Critera V - Environmental Energy System

Fall 2016

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL

Construction Materials

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

The CCTV tower was constructed primarily from steel, 125,000 tonnes of combined weight of 41,882 steel elements were erected in total of 26 months since February 2006. Steel is widely used in construction this day cause its materials properties such high hardness, well ductility and high tensile the world as we needed, also it can be recycling in any form without losing its properties. In a calculation of using blast furnace process to produce those steels, 1 ton of steel production need to consume around 770 kg of coking coal and the total CO2 emissions from this process will be 2 tons, therefore the total CO2 emissions to produce the steel elements needed for CCTV tower were 250,000 tons.

SITE RESEARCH PROGRAM RESEARCH

http://jimmyhxy.weebly.com/jimmy-h/building-case-study

CORE STUDY

Critera VI - Envelope/Skin/Surface

Fall 2016

PRECEDENT STUDY

119

FACADE RESEARCH

CCTV Headquarters / Beijing, China

Eli Eskenazi / Serena Huang

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH SITE RESEARCH

The secondary material used for constructed CCTV tower was concrete. A total of 133,343m3 of concrete were constructed to support two towers as a foundation, including 1242 reinforced concrete bored piles in a dimension of 33m long and 1.2m diameter and 7m thick reinforce concrete slabs. Concrete provide relatively high compressive strength property and can be reinforced with strong tension materials as such steel to increase the overall tensile strength, also it can be craft in any form that needed and it the most durable building materials and it wooden structure. The primarily element that contribute to the formation of concreate is cement, 4.7 million BUT of energy will be consumed to produce one ton of cement and release nearly a ton of CO2. In a calculation, if the average density of concrete used for CCTV headquarters foundation is 2,400 kg/m3, the total CO2 emissions to produce those concrete was nearly 320,000 tons.

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

Construction Materials

CCTV Headquarters / Beijing, China Eli Eskenazi / Serena Huang

120

Critera VI - Envelope/Skin/Surface

Fall 2016

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL

Construction Materials

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

The structural of CCTV building was great challenges to civil engineers, two towers were assembled at opposite diagonal corners of a 160m * 160m footmark and connected by an L-shape nine-storey podium dations are then connected at the top by another L-shape bridge opposite the podi-

SITE RESEARCH

phase of construction were considered and calculated by the engineers before constriction take place, this also included a design of braced tube structure to create balance that support the leaning towers throughout the development before they were connected. In order to verify the analytical calculations, civil engineers required to carry out three physical tests.

PROGRAM RESEARCH

http://jimmyhxy.weebly.com/jimmy-h/building-case-study

CORE STUDY

Eli Eskenazi / Serena Huang

Critera VI - Envelope/Skin/Surface

Fall 2016

PRECEDENT STUDY

121

FACADE RESEARCH

CCTV Headquarters / Beijing, China

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

SITE RESEARCH

ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH

PROJECT PROPOSAL

BOSCO VERTICALE / MILAN, ITALY

Eli Eskenazi / Serena Huang

122

CONCEPT STATEMENT

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL

Conceptual Framework

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bosco Verticale (Vertical Forest) is a pair of residential towers in the Porta Nuova district of Milan, Italy, between Via Gaetano de Castillia and Via Federico Confalonieri near Milano Porta Garibaldi railway station. They have a height of 111 metres (364 ft) and 76 metres (249 ft) and will host more than 900 trees second towers respectively) on 8,900 square metres (96,000 sq ft) of terraces. Within the complex is also plants. The towers were designed by Boeri Studio (Stefano Boeri, Gianandrea Barreca and Giovanni La Varra). It also involved input from horticulturalists and botanists. The building was inaugurated in October 2014.

SITE RESEARCH

The project consists of two residential towmeters high (called Torre E) and the small(called Torre D).

PROGRAM RESEARCH

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Verticale

CORE STUDY

Eli Eskenazi / Serena Huang

Critera I - Conceptual Framework Fall 2016

PRECEDENT STUDY

123

FACADE RESEARCH

Bosco Verticale / Milan, Italy

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL ANNOTATED GENEALOGICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY RESEARCH SITE RESEARCH

It contains 400 condominium units priced from 3,000 - 12,000 Euro per square meter. It is called Bosco Verticale because each tower houses trees between three and six meters which help mitigate smog and produce oxygen. It is also used to moderate temperatures in the building in the winter and summer. The plants also attenuate noise. The design was tested in a wind tunnel to ensure the trees would not topple from gusts of wind. Botanists and horticulturalists were consulted by the engineering team to ensure that the structure could bear the load imposed by the plants. The steel-reinforced concrete balconies are designed to be 28 cm thick, with 1.30 metre parapets.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Verticale

PRECEDENT STUDY

FACADE RESEARCH

CORE STUDY

PROGRAM RESEARCH

Conceptual Framework

Bosco Verticale / Milan, Italy Eli Eskenazi / Serena Huang

124

Critera V - Environmental Energy Systems Fall 2016

CONCEPT STATEMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL

Construction

GENEALOGICAL ANNOTATED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY

The construction of the towers began in late 2009 and early 2010, involving 6,000 onsite construction workers. Between mid-2010 and early 2011 construction progressed very

Construction progressed throughout 2011, and by the beginning of 2012 the structures were completed, and construction of the facades and installation of the plants began on 13 June 2012. The building was inaugurated in October 2014. The two buildings have 730 trees (480 large, 250 small), 5,000 shrubs, and 11,000 perennials and groundcover on its facades. The

SITE RESEARCH

and 920 short plants encompassing 50 species. Overall, the vegetation is the equivalent of that found in a one hectare woodlot. The innovative use of heat-pump technology is helping to slash heating and cooling costs.

PROGRAM RESEARCH CORE STUDY

Critera IV - Structural System Fall 2016

PRECEDENT STUDY

125

FACADE RESEARCH

Bosco Verticale / Milan, Italy

Eli Eskenazi / Serena Huang