LEGEND CAFE connections < 200m
BAR/PUB connections < 200m FUNCTIONAL MIX
How does the consumption of coffee and alcohol relate to the morphology of the city?
building footprints Visit
Melbourne’s keen appetite for good coffee and alcohol is a distinctive and significant aspect of the city’s cultural identity. Cafes and bars act as a setting to socialise in public view, creating a sense of urban vitality, and are also important places for economic exchange between businesses and customers.
Live
FUNCTIONAL MIX
CAFE NETWORK
BAR & PUB NETWORK
Based on compiled student data from Morphological Mapping.
Data collected from field work and internet searches.
Data collected from field work and internet searches.
Work
FINDINGS The clustering of cafes and bars does not occur randomly through the city, rather tight clustering of cafes and bars suggests it is economically optimal to be closely located to similar businesses, following the theory of location economics. This may be because customers are attracted to hotspots that provide them with multiple options and all businesses benefit. This map shows cafes are more evenly dispersed throughout working, living and visiting destinations, where as bars are concentrated in the work and visit environment of the city centre. This supports the theory of movement economies, as customers wish to move from one bar to another within only a short walking distance. Bars are also more likely to be located within the city block, such as in the alleyways of the southern section, and function as a destination. Whereas cafes appear more likely to be located on the outer edges of city blocks, capturing pedestrian traffic.
NORTH
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Morphological Mapping ABPL30051 - Semester 1, 2019 Ella Anderson 757195
100
200m
URBAN VITALITY
LEGEND How safe is the city? LOCATION OF HARASSMENT
Free To Be, an initiative by Monash’s University’s XYX Lab and CrowdSpot, collected crowdsourced data from women to understand their experiences of safety in Melbourne. Women identified locations in public space they experienced street harassment and attached their story.
HIGHLY PERMEABLE INTERFACE
Unsafe locations in the city are also shaped by the interaction between public and private space. Jane Jacobs, an urban activist, popularised the theory of ‘eyes on the street’ in her book The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Jacobs argued the ‘street peace’ is not maintained by the police, but rather enacted by the people of the city. A highly permeable interface, such as transparent windows, doorways and setbacks,
VISIBILITY FROM PRIVATE INTO PUBLIC SPACE
allows visibility between public and private spaces allowing people to see in and out. Based on this theory, safer streets are located in areas with a density of highly permeable interfaces.
How does the extent of visibility between public and private space affect occurrences of street harassment?
LOCATION OF HARASSMENT
HIGHLY PERMEABLE INTERFACE
VISIBILITY FROM PRIVATE INTO PUBLIC SPACE
Based on FreeToBe data,
Highly permeable, pedestrians can see
The viewshed of direct transparent interfaces
https://crowdspot.carto.com/builder/-
inside and enter directly.
PRIVATE SPACE / CADASTRAL BOUNDARY
Based on compiled student data from Morphological Mapping
ca6d8917-579c-463c-a918-8ac8 d6402500/embed
INTERACTIONS & PROXIMITY Proximity affects the form and extent of interaction including body language readability, characteristic identification and communication, diminishing as distance increases. If someone is being harassed, how close they are to others affects their ability to receive help. These measurements are based on Jan Gehl’s study of senses and scale in Cities for People.
7 METRES: Conversation and direct interaction, more sense such as smell and touch as activated 25 METRES: Facial expressions and emotion can be read, short messages can be exchanged
7 25
60 METRES: Gender and age identifcation, can hear shouts for help 100 METRES: Movement and body language can be identified
60
100m
FINDINGS This map suggests the theory of ‘eyes on the street’ is not always correct, in this area of Melbourne harassment is just as likely in areas of high visibility compared with low visibility. Street harassment incidents are concentrated in the city centre, yet the urban morphology highly constrains the visibility of these interactions, often hiding them from view.
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Other variables may also affect where street harassment occurs, such as lighting, street maintenance, design quality, CCTV locations and crowding of people.
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Morphological Mapping ABPL30051 - Semester 1, 2019 Ella Anderson - 757195
100
200m
EYES ON THE STREET