MIND YOUR BEHAVIOUR
Research Book
Elle Tweedy University of Sussex Individual Project 2010-2011 Scan for further research
MIND YOUR BEHAVIOUR a design exploration
The Question / consumers
: can they be nudged?
Research Books
Design for Influencing Behaviour
Change By Design Tim Brown Do Good Design David Berman Nudge Thaler & Sunstein The Design of Everyday Things Donald Norman Cradle to Cradle McDonough, & Braungart Emotionally Durable Design Jonathan Chapman
The Design Process / human-centred design
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Observe
Hear
Explore
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Part 1: User Photo Diaries
Katherine Tweedy: Testing water temperature before making a drink
Katherine Tweedy
Age.26 / Hospital Doctor
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1. Badly designed tumble dryer - it is unclear whether the button needs to be pushed in or out for low heat. 2. Does a full fridge use more or the same amount of energy than an empty one?
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“ � energy is always hidden
3. Plugs and cables littering the back of the computer screen. Energy is always hidden. 4. Testing temperature of water before making myself a drink wasting water
Helen Taor
Age.60 / Antique Shop Owner
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1. Computer on and talking on the phone. Plus heater at feet and light above. 2. Shop kitchen - kettle, small fridge, water heater and overhead light. All plugged into same socket set.
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“ � all appliances are plugged
into same plug socket
3. Cabinet lights stay on all the time, even when shop is closed. This helps show off products. 4. End of the day - shop lights left on to deter break-ins and optimise CCTV over night.
Emilie Warren
Age.22 / Events Management
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1. Fridge is on, and we have hardly anything in there. Does it use the same amount of energy? 2. Boil water for rice in the kettle first before transferring it to the hob for speed. 3. Washing machine settings are confusing and unintuitive - we put it on any mode.
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“ � washing machine settings are unintuitive to use
4. Use hair dryer every morning. 5. Cooked too much food, and rice can’t be reheated - left-overs had to be thrown away.
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Part 2: Visual Research
L-E-D-LED-L-ED by Dilight
100% Design London Earls Court / Sept 2010
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1. ‘What is the future of design?’ - A thought-provoking visitor brainstorm of how design will look like in the future. 2. ‘Rustic Bench’ - The pattern on the bench will slowly reveal itself and keep changing over time to its full rusty beauty.
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the pattern will slowly reveal itself and keep changing over time
3. ‘Wash Me’ - Another product showing the concept of revealing design through use.
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Design Museum
Sustainable Futures / Sept 2010
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1. ‘Panda Eyes’ - an army of 100 bears rotate as the viewer approaches, tracking their presence - raising awareness. 2. ‘DiLight’ bead-shaped LED lights installation. The LED beads are strung along wires to create the display and invite the viewer to interact.
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“ ” visualises energy rhythms
of a home
3. The ‘Energy Aware Clock’ visualises the daily energy rhythms of a home. 4. Buckminster Fuller quote.
Shop Research
Home Appliances / Brighton
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1. The Biodrier illuminates the user’s hands as it dries the LED indicator ensures maximum efficiency. 2. Simple temperature indicator on the side of the kettle
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“ ” feedback
- stove kettles
whistle when water boils
3. Feedback - Traditional stove kettles whistle when the water is boiled. 4. A lower temperature of water improves the taste of coffee.
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Part 3: Behaviour Change
Kate Carter Age. 27 / Economics Student
Think Question
How would you Visualise Energy?
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1. Kate Carter Age. 27 / Economics Student
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2. Ryk Waters Age. 24 / I.T Consultant 3. Adam O’Rafferty Age. 29 / Brighton Council 4. Erica Consterdine Age. 23 / PhD Student 5. Matt Evans Age. 27 / Product Design Student 6. Frank O’Connor Age. 42 / Ecodesign Specialist
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Think Question
How would you Visualise Energy?
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1. Simon O’Rafferty Age. 32 / PhD in Ecodesign
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2. Rebecca Tweedy Age. 21 / Psychology Student 3. Helen Taor Age. 60 / Doctor 4. Sarah Trustman Age. 24 / Teacher Assistant 5. Anika Saggau Age. 27 / English Literature Student 6. Lucy Jones Age. 10 / Year 6 Student
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Dan Lockton Interview
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PhD Deign with Intent
Elle
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I want to design a ‘tool’ for influencing sustainable behaviour
A tool that visualises energy to raise users’ awareness
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Dan
what sort of ‘tool’ are you planning to produce - a guide for designers, or an actual product for consumers?
Do you have a specific focus? (e.g. visualising energy use in general, or use with a certain product?)
A series of products visualising energy that leads to environmental issues
There is a diversity of issues in terms of what people found useful (or understandable) with current products which gives an opportunity for designers. ...
Elle
It’s important that it encourages people to USE products more sustainably
Dan ... Do you see ‘visualising energy’ and ‘love what you own’ as completely separate themes or could you combine them?”
I’m glad you are relating sustainable behaviour to usability here, since this is often forgotten in discussions of this area.
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Part 4: Co-design Process
Erika and Koren Jones Age. 12 and 15
Energy Workbook
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Child’s Awareness of Energy Use
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The ‘Energy Workbook’ was filled out by 10 children between the ages of 4 and 15.
“ ” children’s interaction with
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energy use in their homes
The design probe combined a mix of drawing and questioning exercises to gain insight into children’s interaction with energy use in their homes. Collaboration will provide information and inspiration to help form userorientated solutions.
Energy Workbook
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Child’s Awareness of Energy Use
Workbook Exercises:
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1. Circle everything in the picture that uses electricity 2. Draw a plan of my bedroom, including all the electrical appliances. What 3 things do you use the most? 3. Quickly sketch your 5 favourite toys 4. Quickly sketch your 5 favourite activities you do most days 5. Complete the energy use questionnaire
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Leah Campion Filling out the ‘Energy Workbook’
User Profiles
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Collated Information
The workbooks were analysed and the information collated. Following are 5 examples of user profiles formed from the research: 1. Erika Jones / Age 12 2. Philip Campion / Age 8 3. Chloe Edwards / Age 14 4. Luke Poulton / Age 5 5. Koren Jones / Age 15
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Erika Jones Age. 12
Favourite Toys:
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ipod, phone, laptop
Favourite Activities: - Sleep, Facebook, eating, phone, TV Pocket Money spent on: - Clothes, music Incentives: - Money, clothes If TV/Computer didn’t exist: - Trampoline, shopping, read What would electricity look? - Red light buzzing through cables
Philip Campion Age. 8
Favourite Toys: - Nintendo DS, robot, halo, match box cards, ben ten Favourite Activities: - Football, basketball, swimming, tennis, TV Pocket Money spent on: - Sweets, toys Incentives: - Money for toys and sweets If TV/Computer didn’t exist:
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i would play sport
What would electricity look? - Like a line but blue
Chloe Edwards Age. 14
Favourite Toys: - Wii sports, phone, laptop, tennis racket, baking Favourite Activities: - Wii, baking, talking with friends, tennis, Facebook Pocket Money spent on: - Clothes Incentives: - Money If TV/Computer didn’t exist: - Read, bake, tennis, shopping, visit friends What would electricity look?
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fire burning
– red
Luke Poulton Age. 5
Favourite Toys: - Light sabre, playmobile, lego, train set, teddy bear Favourite Activities: - Sleep, trampoline, watch TV, play with brothers Pocket Money spent on: - Sweets, toys Incentives: - Toys (lego) If TV/Computer didn’t exist: - Play with my playmobile What would electricity look?
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it’s in a circle, like a tube. it’s in the attic
Koren Jones Age. 15
Favourite Toys: - Laptop, phone, IPod, book, trampoline Favourite Activities: - Watch TV, laptop, play football, eat, talk to people Pocket Money spent on: - Clothes, cinema, ITunes Incentives:
- Shopping Vouchers If TV/Computer didn’t exist: - Sport, read, talk to people, shopping What would electricity look? - Like lightning
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Part 5: Visualising Energy
Decorative Light Bulb / Habitat
Product Analysis
Decorative Light Bulb / Habitat
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a flower wilting as a
metaphor for the consequences
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of over-consumption
This decorative light bulb shows how the above concept could be implemented into lights to influence behaviour.
1. The rose shaped filament. 2. Colours when turned on. 3. If a thermochromic material was used in the filament, the colours of the flower could change the longer the light is left on, looking like it was dying.
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Decorative light bulb, Habitat
Product Analysis
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LED Shower Head / RedSave
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The deconstruction of a LED shower head powered by the water - To understand how a product could display energy use without using more energy to do so. This particular shower head uses the flow of water through it to power LED lights. 1. Internal components 2. Dynamo 3. Coil where energy is stored to power LEDs 4. Working shower head
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projected idea...
The initial idea by the designer illustrates how visualising energy ‘use’ can increase user understanding and encourage them to rethink their consumption: i.e. At first the LEDs are green (positive), then over time a colour change occurs, until after a 15 minute shower the LEDs are red (negative).
First turned on
After 5 minutes
After 15 minutes
Energy Experiments Npower Energy Monitor
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“ � cost of energy use rises
184%
when boiling a kettle
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1. Before boiling the kettle 2. During boiling the kettle
3. Kit supplied by Npower. It included a transmitter that clips around the cable coming from the electricity meter and the monitor that displays energy usage.
MIND YOUR BEHAVIOUR
All material and photography Š Elle Tweedy 2010 elletweedy@gmail.com