Portfolio by Esteban Matheus

E S T E B A N M AT H E U S P O R T F O L I O

All contents Copyright ÂŠ 2013 Esteban Matheus

CO NTACT Mobile: Email: Website: Address:

604.562.3157 em@estebanmatheus.com / esteban.matheus@gmail.com www.estebanmatheus.com 213 - 825 E 8th Avenue, Vancouver BC. V5T 1T6

RESUME AWARDS AN D SCHOLARSHIP S

E DUC AT I O N

06/2012 06/2012 06/2012 06/2012 09/2011 01/2011 09/2010 09/2010 07/2006

09/2009 – 05/2012

Prix de Rome for Emerging Practitioners Nominee (Pending decision in 02/2013) Architectural Institute of British Columbia Medal Royal Architectural Institute of Canada Honour Roll Canadian Architect Student Award of Excellence Nominee Concord Erickson Energy and Architecture Fellowship Chernoff Thompson Science Scholarship in Architecture Arthur Hullah and Dorothy Cleveland Memorial Scholarship Fast + Epp Architectural Engineering Design Competition – 2nd Place Galápagos - Latitude 0: Sustainable Urbanism and Architecture design competition – 3rd Place

R E LEVAN T WORK EX P ERIEN CE 10/2012– Present

INDEPENDENT DESIGNER PECHET STUDIO Vancouver, BC / TONEL Habana, Cuba.

Master of Architecture University of British Columbia – School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (Vancouver, BC)

09/1999 – 06/2004

Bachelor of Fine Arts Universidad San Francisco de Quito – Institute of Contemporary Art (Quito, Ecuador)

PUB L I C AT I O N S 12/2011

Regenerative Design Book Chapter [SALA - UBC. Fall 2011]

11/2011

Automated and Human Intelligence: Direct and Indirect Consequences Paper [Intelligent Buildings International Journal, 4.1 (2011): 4-14]

04/2012

APSC Spotlight Interview [Faculty of Applied Sciences website, apsc.ubc.ca]

08/2010

The Future (Un)real Conditional Book Design and Layout [SALA - UBC. Spring 2010]

11/2012– Present

INDEPENDENT SUSTAINABILITY CONSULTANT DIALOG Vancouver, BC

01/2009 – 06/2009

GREEN BUILDING INTERN Lighthouse Sustainable Building Centre. Vancouver, BC

PRE SE N TAT I O N S & E XHI B I T I O N S

10/2008 – 08/2009

CAD AND REPROGRAPHICS SUPERVISOR ARC Canada. Vancouver, BC

07/2012 - 10/2012

Vancouver, New Westminster, and Surrey City Halls Presentations: Energy Resiliency

11/2011

Architectural Institute of British Columbia Gallery Exhibition: Living Wall Ductal Competition

11/2006 – 03/2008

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNER AND PROJECT MANAGER A&O Arquitectura. Quito, Ecuador

08/2011

City of Vancouver Archives Gallery Exhibition: A New Archive for Downtown Vancouver

01/2010

Vancouver International Airport Vancouver, BC

09/2005

Benjamín Carrión Cultural Center Quito, Ecuador Collective Exhibition: Ecuadorian Curators

08/2005

Santorini Gallery Quito, Ecuador

09/2005

Meguro Museum of Contemporary Art

06/2004

School of Architects Quito, Ecuador

02/2005 – 07/2006

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNER Arista Arquitectos. Quito, Ecuador

ACADEM IC WORK 04/2012 – 06/2012, 05/2010 – 09/2011

RESEARCH ASSISTANT TO ANNALISA MEYBOOM Transportation Infrastructure and Public Space Lab [TIPSlab] - UBC

11/2011 – 03/2012

ACADEMIC ASSISTANT TO JOE DAHMIEN The School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture - UBC

01/2011 – 08/2011

RESEARCH ASSISTANT TO DR. RAY COLE The School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture - UBC

Exhibition: Robotics in Architecture

Collective Art Exhibition: Crossing Lines Meguro, Japan

Exhibition: Thirty Ideas

BFA Individual Graduation Exhibition: Banalism

SO F T WA RE Proficient: Autodesk AutoCAD, Architecture, 3DS Max / Adobe Acrobat, InDesign, Illustrator, Photoshop. / Microsoft Office / Rhino Intermediate: IES VE / Retscreen / ArcGIS / SketchUp

TA B L E O F CO N T E N T S AY N I H O U S E

E M B R A C I N G U N C E R TA I N T Y

CONTEMPORARY AND VERNACULAR GREEN BUILDING

DESIGNING FOR CHANGE ASSIMILATION CAPACITY

P I S TA C H O

EMBEDDED EDIFICE

T H E 9 B I L L I O N F U LC R U M

MACRO-INFRASTRUC TURE

SUNBRELLA HOUSE

BANALISM

BAR RESTAURANT

CONCRETE AS RECEPTACLE OF MEMORY

PEAK POPULATION AND THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SHIFT

RETHINKING SOUTH AMERICAN EXTRACTIVE INTEGRATION

A MODULAR SOLUTION TO A MULTIFACETED PROBLEM

THE AESTHETICS OF INFORMALITY

S TAT E M E N T My work strives to expand the understanding of our relationship to context within architectural thought: context understood not only as the morphological conditions surrounding a site, but also as the social, cultural and ecological factors that intersect at a given location and at multiple scales. I seek to understand architecture by unraveling the systems that it interacts with and depends on, such as the flows of capital, meaning and energy, where “the building accommodates processes but is in itself a process”.[1] As these systems are not static but rather continuously decomposing and evolving, a parallel inquiry has been around the nature of adaptability and change. Methodologically, my work has striven to reconcile these contextual intricacies of dissimilar cultures, impulses and opposing perspectives through hybridization or syncretism. In other instances, however, it has sought to enable the coexistence of overt contradictions by means of irony, fiction or hyperbole. The hope is that perhaps through these conflicting views (between the longing for order, predictability, permanence and sanity, and the impetus for chaos, spontaneity, organicism and the ephemeral) some peculiar crossbreed might appear – even if temporarily – towards achieving more appropriate social-ecological approaches to complex issues. I seek to become a part of a collaborative environment that is capable of questioning the process of design, assuming a critical position where “sense making” of contemporary contexts is enabled.[2] This criticality would ideally be achieved within an interdisciplinary realm, which is able to provoke novel interactions and expand the available tools toward creating meaningful, productive and enduring spaces. [1] Fernández-Galiano, Luis. Gina Cariño, trans. Fire and Memory: On Architecture and Energy. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2000. Page 5 [2] Cuff, D. Architecture: The Story of Practice. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991. Page 254

Clerestory windows articulated within roof structure allow natural ventilation and daylight into the house’s living space.

AY NI HOUSE CONTEMPORARY AND VERNACULAR GREEN BUILDING Design + Project Management / Quito, Ecuador

I designed this single-family house in collaboration with José Luis Viteri of A+O Arquitectos. The clients are a young couple, an artist and a dancer, along with their toddler daughter. Additions to the more common dwelling program are a sculpture and painting workshop and a dance studio. Both the clients and us were interested in producing a building that incorporated sustainable design strategies, despite a rather limited budget. This reinforced the aim of implementing vernacular building techniques that were appropriate for the location, which also reduced costs. In addition, we sought giving multiple uses to each space, such as the dance studio functioning as a family room and the broad walls of the social area working as exhibition space for paintings.

CONCEPT

Vernacular adobe, brick and wood integrate with aluminum and concrete elements.

The project formally derives from an ancient Andean symbol known in the Ecuadorian highlands as “Ayni”, or Andean Cross. Similar symbols are found in native American cosmology and art throughout the continent, including Incan, Teotihuacan, Quitus, Nazcan and Mayan permutations of the same basic symbol. This symbol embodies significant cosmological dichotomies, such as eternal and mortal, male and female, night and day. It also represents key characteristics of the astronomical phenomena that these cultures observed, particularly their knowledge of the solstices, equinoxes and even precessional cycles.

Aerial perspective of Nazca line group and Andean Cosmological layout

3 Upper Floor Plan

Main Floor Plan

Master Bedroom

A Living Room

Master Washroom

Covered Porch

G Kitchen

Dance Studio

Sculpture Workshop

H Laundry Room

D Second Bedroom E

Second Bathroom

Third Bathroom

Walk-In Closet

H B

D E

Second Floor Plan

Main Floor Plan

Local builders were retained to build the vernacular rammed earth walls.

In pre-Columbian cultures, the hearth marked the center of the house and represented the family as the core of the home. As the clients wanted to recreate this concept in their house, we derived the plan from a concentric Ayni layout with the column of fire as its focus. The facades, as well as the general volumes of the building also arise from a three-dimensional extension of this cosmology. SUSTAINABILITY The main walls of the house, which define the social area, are made of rammed earth blocks 120 cm (48 in) long by 90 cm (36 in) high by 60 cm (24 in) wide. All of the earth used - which was mixed in a ten-to-one proportion with concrete to make it stronger and more durable - came from the site itself. The earthwork from leveling the site, the excavation of two cisterns and the septic tank provided all the earth we needed. The private spaces of the house are enclosed by load-bearing walls of locally baked bricks. The size of the house was carefully considered to make the most efficient use of floor space and reduce its footprint. The location was also chosen to avoid removal of as many trees as possible, while orientation was designed to take advantage of the views, natural lighting and ventilation. The glazing of the living room faces the winter solstice to provide passive heating on the cold, rainy winter months and reduce the amount of sun entering the house in the hot summer days.

The pergola provides structure for solar shading and also mediates between the living space and the gardens.

4 All rainwater runoďŹ&#x20AC; from the roof is stored in an additional cistern for use in cleaning and gardening.

The skylights let in more light in the winter and are also located in the highest point of the house which allows the operable skylights to be opened and release excess heat in the summer.

Solar shading in the front pergola provides a cool outdoor space for the summer and reduces solar gain in the lower living room windows.

The rammed earth walls were built using the earth from leveling the terrain and from the excavating the cisterns. Adobe walls provide natural insulation.

This image is about texture, and construction techniques and also about the low glazing content on the afternoon western facade

Longitudinal section The two-chamber heat exancher, which produces heat at signiďŹ cantly more eďŹ&#x192;ciency than normal chimeneys, maintains warm temperatures during the cold and rainiy winter nights.

Thermal mass bodies include adobe walls and concrete diaphragm which absorb heat in the day and release heat in the night.

The wood used for all doors and door frames is made from surplus cypress boards from a previous construction. The wood used in the ceiling are eucalyptus planks from a local plantation, and the two large wooden columns in the front of the house came from an ancient tree that was struck by lightning. The adobe walls provide natural insulation as well as thermal mass, storing heat during the day and releasing it at night. For very cold winter days, we included a slow wood-burning heat exchanger that is much more efficient than the usual fireplaces that are still commonly used in Ecuador.

The curved metal roofs protect the house from the harsh morning and noon sun and also collect rainwater for garden use.

The house is also designed to take advantage of cross ventilation and convection to cool the house in summer. We included operable windows in the highest point of the house to let out hot air, while cool air is brought in through the lower eastfacing windows, letting in the prevailing cool mountain wind. A nine cubic metre cistern was installed for capturing rainwater from the main roof. This water is used for garden irrigation and other exterior uses. For water heating we installed an efficient on-demand natural gas boiler instead of the frequentlyused electric tank heaters.

The column of fire embodies the warmth of family as the core of the home.

5 The concrete diaphragm provides lateral bracing to the house while separating the dance studio from the living area.

Master Bedroom

Second Bedroom

Social Area

Sculpture Workshop

Transversal Section Transversal Section

DETAILS + MATERIALS As a global culture deposits multiplying layers of ontological distances through a Baudelairian “Simulacrum” that displaces local idiosyncrasies, the emphasis of an “honesty” in construction became a shared value between the clients and our vision for this project. Where more traditional building techniques and materials were used, we focused on the expression of rough, unprocessed textures. More contemporary materials and details were contrastingly more polished but still simple and revealing, while an overall approach strove for a clear structural logic of load-bearing masonry, metal and wood structures, and exposed reinforced concrete. Simple details reveal themselves throughout the design.

These attributes amplified the family’s view of leading a simple yet rich and creative life that is more aware of natural processes. The house embraces architecture’s role as mediator between natural space and built space. Through design, we can set the parameters of either removing us further or bringing us closer to nature: the milieu that we have grown so used to considering intrinsically distinct from our own.

The house gently tucked in the landscape that surrounds it.

SYSTEMS

ATTRIBUTES OF A CHANGE-ASSIMILATING SYSTEM LIFE

life: every system has an objective, which determines how all other levels are configured

in the case of living systems, including the technological systems we hae created, the ultimate goal is to enhance and sustain life

sustain / enhance

rules

EVOLUTION RULES

OBJECTIVES

objectives OBJECTIVES

This framework highlights the major characteristics that systems that are highly adaptable commonly possess

APPLIED TO ENERGY SYSTEMS

Evolution of a system relies on internally and externally determined rules of when the system is successful, how it is tested, and how it can change

adaptation

adaptation: a set of conditions against which the system is tested, to harness innovation for improvement

self-regulation

RULES

self-regulation: The instances when a system will adjust itself through feedback loops once thresholds are surpassed

capabilities

self-organization

resilience: the capacity to restore functionality to a system, after change due to stress or disturbance

replication

redundance: resistance:

RESILIENCE

modularity that allows aggregation of effort how much a system can take before collapsing

thresholds: describes conditions where significant changes in system performance will occur

CAPABILITIES

innovation

self-organization: The ability of a system to add, eliminate or modify parts of itself based on conditions

resistance

thresholds

innovation: The ability to accept internal randomness, commonly through replication of elementis

functions

FUNCTIONS

The overall resource flow from input to output interactions through networks within the context of a hierarchy of other flows networks: the physical means of interaction pathways

networks

interactions

hierarchies

interactions: the direct relationship between two elements

RELATIONSHIPS

redundance

diversity The variety of all the “building blocks” of the system, at various scales.

productivity PRODUCTIVITY

The resources that create, maintain and enhance all other levels of the system.

E M B R A C I N G U N C E R TA I N T Y D E S I G N I N G F O R C H A N G E A S S I M I L AT I O N C A PA C I T Y M.Arch Thesis / UBC

POPULATION >200,000

<10,000

500

280

130

CIRCUIT VOLTAGE (KV)

BIOGEOCLIMATIC ZONES Boreal Altai Fescue Alpine

Interior Douglas-fir

Bunchgrass

Interior Mountain-heather Alpine

Coastal Douglas-fir

Montane Spruce

Coastal Mountain-heather Alpine

Mountain Hemlock

Coastal Western Hemlock

Ponderosa Pine

Engelmann Spruce -- Subalpine Fir

Sub-Boreal Pine -- Spruce

Interior Cedar -- Hemlock

Sub-Boreal Spruce

Large-scale energy context: BC Hydro electric grid with Fraser River watershed and its biogeoclimatic zones.

Unpredictable changes in global climate, economies plagued by chronic instability and energy insecurity with escalating fossil fuel costs are all manifestations of the pervasive uncertainty that defines our time. This instability is symptomatic of the undermining of a worldview of constant growth and inexhaustible resources that disregards biophysical limits and our interdependence with natural systems. Taking its cue from living systems - which have been productively assimilating change for over 3 billion years - this thesis acknowledges uncertainty by proposing a design that increases the capacities of a system to constructively assimilate change rather than for a predicted set of conditions. More adaptable systems will allow better integration with evolving natural systems, foster future innovation toward sustainability, and will enhance the reduction of human impacts on the biosphere. From analysis of the energy systems of the South Vancouver watershed, the proposal investigates the reorganization of urban ecologies to enhance the flexibility and effectiveness of its energy systems. A new zoning scheme based on energy matching and intensity along with a new breed of associated typologies become tools for restructuring the watershed’s human and natural energy systems towards embracing uncertainty.

ELEMENTS

DIVERSITY

RESOURCES

ELEMENTS

hierarchies: how the interaction strengths and pathways operate at different speeds and magnitudes

I N T E N S I F I C AT I O N T YP O LO G Y

L A R G E U N D E R U T I L I Z E D LOTS

INTENSIFICATION TYPOLOGIES generate high exergy potential by mediating intensive energy production, use and recovery within all three energy sub-systems. ro ag

lai

ENERGY RECOVERY POTENTIAL

CORRIDOR T YP O LO G Y

R E P L A C E A G I N G S E WA G E S Y S T E M

CORRIDOR TYPOLOGIES regenerate natural energy systems, create new exosomatic energy networks and reorganize density to create basin-scale energy functions.

P OT E N T I A L HYD R O LO G I C A L S YS T E M

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PRIMARY PRODUCTION POTENTIAL

S LO P E D I R E C T I O N

S E WA G E S Y S T E M

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S U R FA C E G E O LO G Y

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E L E VAT I O N

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3 TT RY AP ON LSOF EGRY

STREET NETWORK

TRANSFER TYPOLOGIES allow the matching of energy types and intensities across different areas of the city while also regulating their flows over time.

D E C O M I S S I O N E D G A S O L I N E S TAT I O N S

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4 ET XY PT EONL OS IGFYI C AT I O N

L A N D VA L U E I N C R E A S E 2010 TO 2011

EXTENSIFICATION TYPOLOGY consume and generate low-exergy energy; and channel redevelopment to accomodate natural and basin-scale energy systems.

L A N D VA L U E - 2 0 1 1

ELECTRIC GRID

CURRENT ZONING

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S E WA G E S Y S T E M

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HYD R O LO G I C A L POTENTIAL

POTENTIAL ECOSYSTEMS

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Extensive GIS mapping of variables relating to both natural and human energy systems. A set of typologies emerges that capitalizes on the potentials indicated by the mapping.

FRAMEWORK A framework emerged from research into how living systems are able to successfully assimilate change. This framework informs the entire proposal, and derives from concepts of adaptability found within ecology, systems thinking, social-ecological systems, environmental health, resilience and regenerative development. The concept is that shaping human systems based on natural adaptive systems will make ours better at operating within natural constraints. The major components of the framework are productivity, diversity, functions, resilience, evolution and life.

HYD R O LO G I C A L SYSTEM

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8 The western portion of the South Vancouver watershed; below, a visualization of adaptable urban-ecological system.

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ENERGY CORRIDOR T YP O LO G Y PROGRAM electricity distribution expandable energy infrastructure insulated sewage

electr heat

return heat

gas

icity

sew age

aqua tic org

anism

litterf all

s st

terres

trial

er w

isti

organ

isms

t ea

tric

dis

ism

rial

org

ENERGY INTENSITY T YP O LO G Y

PROGRAM residential

litterf all

PROGRAM

ENERGY EXTENSITY T YP O LO G Y composting

biomass energy generation

heat exchangers

high-diversity production field composting

community pool electr heat

sewage treatment

return heat

icity

sew age

aqua tic org

heat exchangers

gas

anism

biosolids gasification

terres

trial

organ

isms

litterfall collection

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tsi

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ENERGY TRANSFER T YP O LO G Y PROGRAM office energy management

electr heat

return heat

greenhouse and food market

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anism

substation

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Interaction of the four typologies, showing examples of possible programs associated with each typology.

gas

sew age

aqua tic org

rial

heat exchangers wildlife offices

electric charging

convenience store

car sharing / charging

org

terres

trial

organ

isms

ENERGY TYPOLOGIES A new set of interacting typologies emerged from the analysis, embodying the new spatial relationships between different programs and infrastructure that would need to be deployed in the city to be able to harness the energy landscape provided by the â&#x20AC;&#x153;exergyâ&#x20AC;? zoning. Intensification typologies generate high exergy potential by mediating a diversity of intensive energy production, uses and recovery within human, natural and agricultural energy systems. These typologies are associated with intensification

zoning, and are deployed in areas that have conditions such as high biomass production potential, have access to major freight and transportation infrastructure or are near high agricultural byproduct areas. Extensification typologies utilize and generate extensive, low intensity energy, while also shaping redevelopment to free up land for the Corridor typologies to restore natural and human watershed-scale energy systems. Corridor typologies regenerate ecological infrastructure such as riparian and terrestrial systems while also configuring new land easements for the expansion

EXERGY ZONING

TRANSFER NODES Mediating transfers of energy intensities and types

Recovery

Cogeneration

Storage

E X T E N S I F I C AT I O N Z O N E S

Low to medium energy intensity uses, production and recovery

REORGANIZING THE CITY FOR ENERGY ADAPTABILITY AND EFFECTIVENESS

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Extensiﬁcation typologies

Transfer station sub-types

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Before medium extensiﬁcation

Before high extensiﬁcation

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Transfer station typologies

ENERGY STORAGE STATIONS

After high extensiﬁcation

HEAT RECOVERY STATIONS

HIGH DENSITY

After meidum extensiﬁcation

MEDIUM DENSITY

ARTERIAL DENSIFICATION LOW DENSITY

COGENERATION STATIONS

CORRIDORS

Connecting energy intensities, types and uses

RIPARIAN CORRIDORS

I N T E N S I F I C AT I O N Z O N E S

High intensity energy production, use and recovery

TERRESTRIAL CORRIDORS

NATURAL ENDOSOMATIC INTENSIFICATION

65TH AND GRANVILLE

70TH AND GRANVILLE

aerial organi sms

SW MARINE DR AND GRANVILLE

HUMAN ENDOSOMATIC INTENSIFICATION

ty electrici gas

return heat heat

s sewage

organism aquatic litterfall

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Intensiﬁcation typologies

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EXOSOMATIC INTENSIFICATION

of human energy networks. These Corridor typologies are deployed along major day-lit streams and ecosystem passageways, while Extensification typologies are populated adjacent to these riparian and terrestrial zones. Transfer typologies provide medium-scale infrastructure that allows the matching of energy types and intensities across different areas of the city while also regulating their flows over time. These typologies are located at the junctions of human and natural infrastructure and at exergy zone boundaries to be able to harness, generate, store and regulate different energy flows.

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Corridor typologies

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SYSTEM SECTION

EXERGY ZONING Based on this research, the notion of land use on the chosen site is challenged through the proposal of a new zoning scheme that is based on energy phenomena and flows. This zoning scheme, which has the objective of reshaping the city to allow natural energy systems to be regenerated while also creating the urban conditions that permit the cascading of human energy systems and the matching of energy sources to uses, ultimately increases both systems’ resilience and effectiveness.

5000 feet

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1000 meters

Map identifying major energy zoning areas, with related typologies and generic sectional representations of each condition.

10 SYSTEM SECTIONS

EXERGY FLOW TRANSECT

The Systems Sections help tell the story of how all the elements of the proposed system design will increase the watershed’s self-sufficiency and adaptability over time. The chosen section depicts the area around Granville Street and South West Marine Drive, which also functions as a transect of the system as it refers to interactions with system components at much larger scales and illustrates general relationships that occur throughout the watershed.

The diagram depicts a generic sectional relationship from the studied basin along with the flow of energy over time. It also graphs the relative exergy potential of each energy type and process, the transformations and losses to entropy, and the interconnection between human and natural energy systems. Below the transect, there are descriptions of the various typologies associated with each energy process, along with the most significant attributes that each typology and process offer towards change assimilation capacities of the system.

The section includes examples of all four typologies and the energy systems through which they interact. It explores methods of visualizing energy in relation to the capacities that each part of the system contribute towards change assimilation. In general, the section shows how the development of the city is channeled by energy zoning and the new typologies, to take advantage of the inherent potentials of human and natural systems. A more resilient and integrated urban ecological system is generated through a diversification of energy sources, types and uses that are better matched and able to self-regulate, ultimately allowing human and natural systems to co-evolve.

System section displaying all four typologies in a transectional relationship, typical of the South Vancouver watershed, along with key change-assimilation attributes of system components and exergy potential of each area.

LEGEND EXOSOMATIC

DC NETWORK

INCREASED INPUT

DIRECT CURRENT SUBSTATION

ADAPTABILITY

ENERGY TRANSFER MANAGEMENT

RESILIENCE

WILDLIFE LABS AND OFFICE

RESILIENCE

EMERGENCY FOOD STORAGE

INNOVATION

HEAT RECOVERY OPTIMIZATION

CO-EVOLUTION

NATIVE POLYCULTURE RESEARCH

RESISTANCE

LOCAL PRODUCE STORE

SELF-ORGANIZATION

ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING

RESISTANCE

DIRECT CURRENT USES

REDUNDANCE

DC NETWORK

EXTENDED FUNCTIONS

TERRESTRIAL CORRIDOR

ADDED FUNCTIONS

DIRECT CURRENT USES

RESILIENCE

ADAPTABILITY

INTRA-BUILDING EXERGY

ADDED FUNCTIONS

CONSTRUCTED WETLAND

ENHANCED INTERACTIONS

EXPANDED DIGESTERS

SELF ORGANIZATION

FORESHORE ECOSYSTEM

EXPANDED PRODUCTIVITY

EXISTING

RESILIENCE

CHANGE A S S I M I L AT I O N

RIPARIAN CORRIDOR

NEW

GANTRY

MICRO WIND POWER

ELECTRICITY AC/DC INVERTER

50 YEARS

DISTRIBUTION BUS

SWITCHGEAR + CUTOUT SWITCHES

VOLTAGE REGULATORS

OIL CIRCUIT BREAKERS

DC SWITCHING ELEMNT

TRANSFORMER

INVERTER

HEAT RECOVERY SEWAGE HEAT RECOVERY

HEAT PUMP

RESIDENTIAL INTENSIFICATION

STEAM PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER

SHELL COIL HEAT EXCHANGER

HYDRONIC HEAT EXCHANGER

HEAT ACCUMLATOR

NATURAL ENDOSOMATIC WESTERN RED CEDAR

SITKA SPRUCE

WESTERN HEMLOCK

ARBUTUS

RESIDENTIAL INTENSIFICATION

LOCAL ORGANIC PRODUCE

$0.30 kWh

DOUGLAS FIR

COMMERCIAL INTENSIFICATION

HUMAN ENDOSOMATIC RESTORATION MANAGEMENT OFFICES AND LAB

POLYCULTURE LABS

ANAEROBIC BIODIGESTERS

NATIVE POLYCULTURE RESEARCH

GREENHOUSE CROPS

EMERGENCY FOOD STORAGE

COMPOSTING DEPOT

PRODUCE STORE

LOCAL FOOD STORE

NEIGHBORHOOD COMPOST COLLECTOR REFRIDGERATED FOOD STORAGE

ENERGY CORE

RESIDENTIAL EXTENSIFICATION

INFRASTRUCTURE UPGRADE ACCESS

ENERGY TRANSFER MANAGEMENT OFFICES SMART GRID EQUIPMENT INDUSTRIAL ENERGY RECOVERY

HUMAN ENDOSOMATIC FLOWS compostable food / trimmings human biomass waste / biosolids

SMART SUBSTATION DIRECT CURRENT SUBSTATION

NATURAL ENDOSOMATIC FLOWS terrestrial organisms HOT WATER DISTRICT HEAT ACCUMULATOR

aerial organisms aquatic organisms

SEWAGE HEAT EXCHANGE (PREHEAT)

litterfal / detritus / soil

EXOSOMATIC FLOWS HOT WATER DISTRICT HEAT

electricity

STEAM DISTRICT HEAT

hot air gas / biogas / methane

BASIN SEWAGE

steam DC ELECTRIC GRID

ENERGY NET WORKS T YP O LO G I E S E X E R G Y P OT E N T I A L

hot water

BIOMETHANE LINE

cold water / condensate

DISTRICT COOLING REGRIDGERANT

refridgerant

1ic

inter-system intensification typology

industrial/commercial intensification typology

2t terrestrial corridor typology

arterial extensification typology

intensity zones

heat recovery transfer station typology

riparian corridor typology

4e high extensification typology

extensity zones

exosomatic intensification

arterial extensification endosomatic intensification

high extensification terrestrial habitat zone

riparian zone

paper mill

solar PV

SMART SUBSTATION

sewage dishcarge wind power

district heating/cooling

domestic hot water

S E WA G E H E AT R E C O V E R Y

forest herbivores

riparian herbivores

forest photosynthetic autotrophs

riparian photosynthetic autotrophs

space heating

HEAT PUMP

SEWAGE HEAT RECOVERY

FOREST PHOTOSYNTHETIC AUTOTROPHS FOREST HERBIVORES

AERIAL FIRST LEVEL CARNIVORE

CONSTRUC TED WETLANDS

terrestrial detritivores

aquatic second level carnivores

terrestrial detritivores

terrestrial third level carnivores

terrestrial first level carnivore

SECOND LEVEL CARNIVORE

AQUATIC DETRITIVORES

H E AT P U M P

FOREST PHOTOSYNTHE TIC AUTOTROPHS

high intensity energy uses

FOREST HERBIVORES

low intensity energy uses

human biomass waste / biosolids

NATURAL ENDOSOMATIC FLOWS terrestrial organisms aerial organisms aquatic organisms

intensity

extensity corridor

litterfal / detritus / soil

intensification / input EXOSOMATIC FLOWS electricity hot air gas / biogas / methane hot water / steam cold water / refridgerant entropy

extensification transfer station

EXERGY ZONING

compostable food / trimmings

FIRST LEVEL CARNIVORES

SECOND LEVEL CARNIVORES

TYPOLOGIES LOCATION

HUMAN ENDOSOMATIC FLOWS

TYPOLOGY CODE

energy recovery

CHANGE ASSIMILATION CAPACITIES

This can be achieved by an increased change-assimilation capacity in human and natural energy systems by means of expanding local energy productivity, diversifying energy types and uses, creating non-linear networks with redundancy, establishing new interactions that create temporal and spatial hierarchies, implementing self-regulating mechanisms and self-organizing capabilities, reemphasizing the objective of both human and natural systems of maintaining, and ultimately enhancing and evolving life.

primary energy inputs

refridgerated warehouse

swimming pool

HEAT PUMP estuarine aquatic herbovires estuarine aquatic first level carnivores

LITERFALL BIOMASS COLLECTOR

estuarine photosynthetic autotrophs

TIME

Designing energy systems capable of assimilating change, and thus embracing uncertainty, is essential for various reasons: integration with evolving natural systems require human systems to be adaptable; flexible human systems better assimilate economic and technological change toward sustainability; more integrated, renewable systems reduce the risks of destabilizing global biophysical systems; our systems will be better prepared for unexpected changes that do occur from destabilization of biophysical systems created by our impacts, and finally, regenerating the adaptability of local natural systems in urban ecologies increases resilience of the local ecological services we depend on.

ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS

D I S T R I C T H E AT I N G / C O O L I N G

S M A R T S U B S TAT I O N

CONCLUSION In the wake of global urbanization, rapid industrialization of emerging economies and a growing population, we are challenged with redesigning the systems that support our civilization towards long-term survival of the ecosystem services that our species depends on. The immense impacts of the infrastructural systems that the modern world-view has left us will need to be upgraded, replaced and rethought. This makes the case for a design methodology that is focused on creating capacities to productively assimilate required but unpredictable changes.

METHANOGENIC BIODIGESTERS

CHP BIOGAS TURBINE

residual equipment gains

EXERGY POTENTIAL

METHANOGEINC BIODIGESTERS

CHP BIOGAS TURBINE

Exergy Flow transect diagram, showing energy flow and exergy potential over time as it transfers from different forms, uses and systems.

A Q U AT I C D E T R I T I V O R E S

The large open space is articulated by screens of varying transparency, defining it into lounge, restaurant and bar.

P I S TA C H O B A R R E S TA U R A N T Project Management + Design Team / Quito, Ecuador

While working at Arista, I was responsible for the design and project management of this renovation. The clients - the owner of a well-known high-end restaurant and a classic rock enthusiast - wanted to create a more casual yet sophisticated space for their clientele in their 30s and 40s. They bought this thirty- year old house and asked our office to re-purpose it into a bar-restaurant. The most significant modification, with the aim of increasing floor to ceiling height, was building a new roof 2.4 meters (7â&#x20AC;&#x2122;10â&#x20AC;?) higher than the original. We designed the new structure to be supported with a mix of bamboo and steel. The main columns and beams are steel while all the trusses are constructed of bamboo. I made a 3D model of the new structure that allowed a detailed representation of how the bamboo and the metal would interact both visually and constructively. From the model I was able to produce detail drawings to ensure the correct set-up of the trusses and their interface with the steel structure. I also had the opportunity to include elements that derive from my artwork into the design of this project: rusted steel finishes, recycled metal collage paintings, perforated steel screens and sheet metal cut-out icons for identifying washrooms.

Mensâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; washroom icon made from cut-out sheet metal between two frosted glass panes embedded in the door panel.

TYPE “A” FLAT TRUSS PART DESCRIPTION

TYPE “D” HALF TRUSS PART DESCRIPTION

The entrance is separated from the dining area by a sculptural screen that I fabricated, which plays with the moire effect resulting from variations in perforation diameters.

TYPE “A” FLAT TRUSS EXPLODED PART DETAIL

TYPE “D” HALF TRUSS EXPLODED PART DETAIL

The office designed an experimental bamboo truss system that takes advantage of the material’s compressive strength.

Three-dimensional model showing the interaction of steel members with the bamboo trusses.

Photograph of the completed structure.

The material palette throughout the project played on the contrast between the warm, organic feel of bamboo and wood with the cool, rough textures of concrete and rusted steel.

STEEL WEDGES FOR POST- TENTIONING

PRECAST FORMWORK COLUMNS

E M B E D D E D E D I F I C E C O N C R E T E A S R E C E P TA C L E O F M E M O R Y

PRECAST BEAMS

Architecture Studio / UBC

4 3

1 1

FLOOR/WALL/STAIR PANELS

BEAM-COLUMN CONNECTION

The objective for this vertical studio was to explore how the a priori selection of a material can inform the design process. In this case, the studio focused on concrete, and in particular, on a proprietary high-performance concrete branded as Ductal from Lafarge. This specialty concrete is produced from high-quality cement, additives and a meticulous selection of aggregates of specific diameter. It also achieves tensile strength through steel or urethane fibers in its composition that act as micro-reinforcement. For the final assignment of the studio, we had the opportunity to test the material directly. The potentials and limitations of this material were to be explored through various exercises. Ductal is currently ten times more expensive than regular concrete and requires greater care in the fabrication of form work. On the other hand, the material is impermeable to water and highly weather-resistant. Its extra strength allows for thinness that would be impossible to achieve with regular concrete. THICK FACADE DUCTAL SYSTEM

L-TYPE STEEL BRACKET

Components of modular kit of parts system for thickened facade.

Based on these characteristics, I developed a prefabricated, modular kit of parts which would be used to create a â&#x20AC;&#x153;thickened facadeâ&#x20AC;?. The program brief was a new building to house an extension of the Vancouver Archives in a downtown location.

Preparing the formwork for the Ductal high-performance concrete prototype.

15 Cast Ductal full-scale prototype L-panels.

Alternative configurations into table/ shelf arrangement or floor/wall connection as detail of larger panels.

Ductalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fine grain is capable of registering far more detail than regular concrete.

My approach was to encourage a more open, temporary and participative collection and exhibition of objects and documents. This fluctuating gallery space would take place within thickened facades facing the street and lane. In addition to the activities of formal exhibition, preservation and restoration in more protected areas of the building, the thick facade would itself be a reconfigurable system, transformed over time depending on the objects to be displayed and kept in this temporary exhibition space. Portions of the facade would be accessible from the street and also permit passersby to deposit their own objects into the collection.

3D print model of cantilevered posttensioned staircase built with prefabricated high-performance concrete system

Constructively, the system developed utilized post-tensioning for the assembly of structural and larger modules, while more accessible metal hardware is used to assemble the smaller components. On the scale from permanence to flexibility, the main load-bearing Ductal pieces act as leave-in formwork for casting regular concrete members, while floor and wall elements are post-tensioned in place with steel cables, and steel brackets and bolts are used to position shelves, tables, seating, railing, and other elements. As a result, the building itself would become an archive, recording in its configuration the decisions of previous curators. A hierarchy of faster and slower-changing spaces and forms evolves over time, where stairs or corridors become established and endure while benches or shelves would change with more frequency.

Rendering of Ductal system functioning as temporary exhibition space within thickened facade of new downtown City Achives.

Reformer

Kerosene

Medium Weight Oil

roller skatesroller-skate wheels

Food Preservatives

Roofing

football cleats

roofing paper

football helmets

Awnings

footballs

Balloons

gasoline

Ballpoint Pens

glues

Ethylene

Bandages

glycerin

Propylene

Basketballs

golf bags

Bearing Grease

golf balls

Bicycle Tires

guitar strings

Boats bottles

Residuum

Pressure and heat promote endothermic pyrolysis changing the carbohydrates into hydrocarbons

The oil-bearing sediments are covered by more than a kilometre of sedimentary rock

Vast amounts of the liquid hydrocarbons migrate more than 100 kilometres eastward and upward until they saturated large areas of sandstone at and just below the surface of what is now northern Alberta

Micro-organisms present in the sandstone slowly consumed the lighter hydrocarbons

butane Cameras

BRITISH COLUMBIA

Burrard Refinery

Edmonton

Cold Lake deposit

ALBERTA

CANADA Saskatchewan

ALBERTA

oil sands

Metro Vancouver

ALBERTA

heavy oil

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Alberta

Vancouver

44 Gallons of Gasoline

Estimated reserves formed at Alberta's oil sands. One of the largest known hydrocarbon deposits in the world. Equivalent to 18 years of US current oil consumption.

In total, 2 billion cubic feet of gas are needed each day in oil sands production, enough gas to heat every Canadian home.

x 512 Gigawatts of heat

178 billion barrels

rubber boots Rubber Cement Rubbing Alcohol rubbish bags running shoes saccharine Safety Glasses seals shag rugs

Quenching Polymerization

Chlorination

shampoo

hand lotion

shaving cream

hearing aids heart valves

shirts (non-cotton) shoe polish

23 kg of GHGs per

heating oil

shoes

car batteries

house paint

Shower Curtains

Car Battery Cases

ice chests

skis

car bodies

Ice Cube Trays

slacks

car enamel

ink

soap

carpet

insect repellent

soft contact lenses

cassette tapes

insecticides

solvents

Cassettes

insulation

speakers

Caulking

jet fuel

CD Player

life jackets

CD's & DVD's

linings

chewing gum

linoleum

Electrolysis

Gasoline

Fort McMurray

Candles

Industrial Fuel

Buffalo Head Hills deposit

Athabasca deposit

Athabasca Oil Sands

BRITISH COLUMBIA

x 18

Hair Coloring

rubber bands

e x t r a c t i o n s h i p p i n g r e fi n i n g m a n u f a c t u r e Peace River deposit

OUTPUTS

VCM Cracking

hair curlers

bubble gum

Raw product is transported to the Burnaby refinery from Alberta via the 1,200-kilometre Kinder Morgan Pipe Line

500 km

BRITISH COLUMBIA British Columbia

Bitumen is blended with locally supplied condensates for pipeline injection

Gasoline, Jet Fuel, Diesel

LOCATION

Followed by 18 months of reverse action during which oil is pumped to the surface through the same horizontal arms.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas Jet Fuel Diesel Fuel

Athabasca deposit

Steam is injected for two months.

Asphalt Base

formation

The “soak radial” technique utilizes a vertical well with four horizontal arms that extend spoke-like into the reservoir.

bras

lt Sa

Layers of sand and silt deposit over time, progressively pushing the fossil biomass deeper

Remains from plants and animals deposited on an inland sea become fosilized organic matter

hair

Ac id

Folding Doors

Aspirin

e rad lG tria us Ind

Crude Oil

Refrigerant

asphalt

Heavy Oil

putty

Artificial Turf

Alkylation Unit

Diesel Distilate

Purses

Artificial limbs

ha pt Na e len hy Et

PROCESS

80 m

plywood adhesives

power cracked gas compressor

fishing rods

ide lor ch nil Vy

1 km

plastics

St ea m

Naptha

fishing lures

to operate propylene compressor Antihistamines

refrigerators

Water Quench Tower Coker

Antifreeze

plastic wrap

34 megawatts

floor wax

Steam Crackers

LPG

fishing boots

22 megawatts Antiseptics

Distillation Tower

Gasoline Vapors

fertilizers

anti-histamines

Hy dr oc hlo ric

With current technology, 1 barrel of energy used in oil sands operations returns 1.5 barrels.

necessary to extract one barrel of bitumen.

faucet washers

Anesthetics

So da

750 cubic feet of natural gas required to heat the steam

of plant matter, needed to form every barrel. Equivalent to the plant matter in 40 acres of wheat.

fan belts

ammonia

W ate r

Energy required to power the 3500 HP oil pipeline pumps; amount produced by an 85 meter high wind turbine.

85 m

100 tons

to run the ethylene compressor.

air conditioners

Ch lor ine

11 megawatts

Et hy len eD ich olo rid e

2.5 megawatts

Ca us tic

1.5

Po lyv iny lC hlo rid e

Tar Sands Oil EROEI:

INPUTS

4 barrels per second

stereos

sun glasses

lip balm

clothesline

lipstick

sweaters

cold cream

loudspeakers

synthetic rubber

combs/brushes

luggage

table tennis balls

computers

medicines

contacts

model cars

cortisone

mops

Crayons

motor oil

cream

motorcycle helmets

Curtains

movie film

tights

Dashboards

nail polish

Tires

denture adhesives

Nylon Rope

Toilet Seats

dentures

oil filters

toners

deodorant

paddles

tool boxes

detergents

paint

Tool Racks

dice

paint brushes

toothbrushes

Diesel fuel

paint rollers

toothpaste

Dishes

paints

transparencies

dishwasher

Other dishwashing liquid Products

panty hose

Transparent Tape

Dishwasher parts

parachutes

Trash Bags

paraffin

TV Cabinets

dresses

pens

typewriter/computer ribbons

Percolators

Umbrellas

LPG

surf boards

tape recorders telephones tennis rackets

Galaxy Plastics

Tents thermos

Diesel

Distilates

dryers

barrel, three times more than conventional light crude oil.

sports car bodies

clothes

Drinking Cups

TransMountain Pipeline shipping capacity.

spectacles

Metro Vancouver

Jet Fuel Heavy Fuel Oil

1500 1 inch x 40 inch pipes

perfumes

upholstery

Dyes

petroleum jelly

vaporizers

Electric Blankets

pillows

vitamin capsules

electrician’s tape

plastic chairs

volleyballs

enamel

plastic cups

water pipes

epoxy

plastic forks

water skis

eyeglasses

plastic wood

Gasoline

216 kg of PVC

wax wax paper

TIME

300 million years

50 million years

2 months

18 months

3 days

40 hours

11 days

wheels Yarn ... and 6000 other products.

Analysis of the hydrocarbon and energy context of Metro Vancouver.

T H E 9 B I L L I O N F U LC R U M P E A K P O P U L AT I O N A N D T H E R E N E WA B L E E N E R G Y S H I F T Architecture Design Studio / UBC

In this studio, we were asked to research how critical variables within the contemporary globalized system influence and interact with architecture and with how we shape our built environment. As a class, we examined trends such as oil prices, energy consumption, waste streams, food production, shipment networks, infrastructure, and others. Based on the systems we elucidated and the trends that were identified, we had to create a plausible future scenario within which we would then design a building that would respond architecturally to these conditions. The scenario I chose to operate within assumed a projected global population of 9 billion by 2050, in addition to a global energy production of a minimum of 80% from sustainable energy sources, brought about by peak oil and a new global consensus on climate change mitigation. Furthermore, research into linking the human development index with per capita energy consumption, led me to explore the possibility of a global egalitarian distribution of energy that would bring a high quality of life with a per capita energy consumption that would be feasible within that 80% sustainable energy source regime. Three questions emerged that guided the project at regional, municipal and architectural scale:

17 Integration of infrastructure into the public realm and bringing people closer to the systems that support contemporary life particularly energy - became an important goal for this project. AL

NTI

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In the last two weeks of the studio, we devloped a design proposal which in this case became an energy hub paired with a transit oriented development in the city of Richmond. As part of the required rethinking of urban infrastructure to achieve the goals of the scenario, a wide range of local transit options were proffered along with energy provision and management at the municipal scale. Inspired by the substations paired with transit hubs in the early 20th century, the building articulates sustainable methods of generating and using energy with new ways of moving through the city.

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gig aw att -h

6 34 10 B 00 icy 0 G Pede cles s iga jou trians les aw he at att -ho urs

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3. How would our cities need to change if we allocated a per capita energy quota based on these two factors?

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Exploded isometric view with deep-rock geothermal plant and transportation flows.

Transversal Section

SANTARÉM INTERMODAL PORT

M agda l en

R'io

MANAUS PORT

VENEZUELA GUYANA

BELO MONTE HYDRO DAM French Guiana

SURINAME

YASUNI-ITT OIL FIELDS

AMAZON TRANSECT

Pasto

a z on

Iquitos Ma

CARAJÁS IRON ORE MINES

Belém

SANTO ANTÔNIO HYDRO DAM Fe

ó ran

Rio

TABATINGA PORT

Itaituba

ira

Yurimaguas

o R'i

Piura

z on

Manaus

Tabatinga

IQUITOS MULTIMODAL PORT

a Am

500KV ITAITUBA CUIABÁ GRID

Cuiabá

Sã Rio

Rio

BOLIVIA

500KV PORTO VEHLO - ARARAQUARA GRID Fr a n ci s co

ai agu

Cáceres

Par

' Rio

Lago Titicaca

re M amo

PERU

B R A Z I L

R'io

R'ioyali a Uc

ANDEAN-MARAÑÓN TRANSECT

Beni

Rio

YURIMAGUAS INTERMODAL PORT

JIRAU HYDRO DAM

To can t ins

ro eg

Coca

ECUADOR

MORONA INTERMODAL BORDER PORT

Santarém

Manta

ECUADOR-PERU OIL PIPELINE

TUCURUÍ HYDRO DAM

Macapá

Rio

Quito

The Tucurui dam, built in Brazil in the 1960s, enabled the exploitation of vast areas of rain forest by providing energy to mining and smelting operations. It is now being upgraded as part of a multi-modal resource transportation system.

TAPAJÓS HYDRO DAM COMPLEX

PAUTE HYDRO DAM SOPLADORA HYDRO DAM

JAMANXIM HYDRO DAM COMPLEX

(FRANCE)

COLOMBIA

Xin

Esmeraldas

Rio

Cali

MANTA PORT EXPANSION

agu ai a

PANAMA

Rio

ESMERALDAS PORT EXPANSION

Orino

Corumbá Araçatuba ná

Tarija

CHILE ITAIPU LAKE MULTIMODAL PORTS + LOCKS

CORIENTES PORT

Santa Fe

ná

Rosario

Buenos Aires

ARGENTINA

São Paulo Ciudad del Este

ARAÇATUBA MULTIMODAL PORT

Curitiba

Prix De Rome Canada 2012 Submission / UBC Porto Alegre

Salto

ITAIPU DAM

Melo

Montevideo

CORPUS CHRISTI DAMS

PARANÁ TRANSECT SALTO GRANDE HYDRO DAM SANTA FE MULTIMODAL PORT EMBALSE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

SALTO NAVIGATION LOCKS

TIMBÚES GAS POWER PLANT ATUCHA NUCLEAR PLANT BELGRANO GAS POWER PLANT

NUEVA PALMIRA PORT

MONTEVIDEO PORT

Strait of Magellan

M ACRO-INFRASTRUC TURE R E T H I N K I N G S O U T H A M E R I C A N E X T R A C T I V E I N T E G R AT I O N

Mercedes Uruguaiana

Rio

Córdoba

Londrina

Posadas

Para

Resistencia

Rio

PARAGUAY Asunción

YACYRETÁ DAM

ra Pa

RÍO DE LA PLATA LNG FACILITY

Utilizing my thesis as a point of departure, my proposal for the Prix de Rome asks what context architectural agency can adopt towards confronting the uncertainty of how our civilization can avert its current unsustainable trajectory. A collaboration with the Uruguayan firm Fábrica de Paisajes along with a journey to key infrastructural landscapes has the objective of creating methods of harnessing the flexibility and latent capacity within systems in order to build enduring relationships between natural and human systems. Nowhere is the necessity of extending the reaches of design’s context as urgent as in emerging economies. The conflicts that arise between global resource demands and growing inequality within and between these economies in transition present huge challenges along with opportunities, as infrastructural development in these regions remains malleable and has the potential to bypass traditional strategies and their negative consequences. As decisions related to technology, economic objectives and land use are embedded within social and cultural contexts, it will require our collective imaginations to address these often contradicting forces. I see the promise of an alternate course harnessed when global profit and power are weaved symbiotically with local and regional systems of matter and energy.

Tabatinga

Mad

Rio

Yurimaguas

Rio

Piura

Santarém

A ma

Macapá

z on

Itaituba

Belém

AMAZON TRANSECT Fe

PROPOSED

o Fr a nci sco

B R A Z I L

'io l R ya ca

Beni

ón

Rio

Rio T oc s an t i n

eira

(FRANCE)

Rio A r agu ai a

M agdalena

Iquitos

ECUADOR

500KV ITAITUBA CUIABÁ GRID

Manaus

French Guiana

TUCURUÍ HYDRO DAM

BELO MONTE HYDRO DAM

a z on

TAPAJÓS HYDRO DAM COMPLEX JAMANXIM HYDRO DAM COMPLEX

MARAÑÓN TRANSECT

Rio

Coca

SURINAME

SANTARÉM INTERMODAL PORT

Quito Manta

500KV PORTO VEHLO - ARARAQUARA GRID

JIRAU HYDRO DAM

GUYANA

BELÉM ENTROPIC URBANISM

ITAITUBA INTERMODAL PORT

Orinoco

R'io

VENEZUELA

COLOMBIA

SANTO ANTÔNIO HYDRO DAM

TABATINGA PORT

IQUITOS PORT

YURIMANGAS INTERMODAL PORT

Pasto

YASUNÍ-ITT OIL FIELDS

PAUTE HYDRO DAM

SOPLADORA HYDRO DAM

Cali Esmeraldas

MORONA INTERMODAL BORDER PORT

MANTA PORT EXPANSION

PANAMA

ESMERALDAS PORT EXPANSION

History repeats itself: the first of 50 or so similar projects, the Belo Monte megahydroelectric plant is now being built in the Brazilian Amazon.

CARAJÁS IRON ORE MINES

Xingu

MANAUS INTERMODAL PORT

Rio'

ECUADOR - PERÚ OIL PIPELINE

Sã

PARAGUAY

Rio

r an

CHILE

Quito

Based in Harvard’s GSD, the South American Project network, established in response to these single-minded development strategies, connects 22 universities and 12 design firms in ten countries. The SAP has agreed to showcase the outcomes of my travels and internship through various publications, conferences, seminars and lectures. Ultimately, my intent is to challenge the paradigm of false dichotomies between systems and instead encourage their integration – by becoming an agent of fruitful exchanges between the two regions, and among the frequently siloed fields of design, engineering, ecology and economy.

Belém Paraná

Coca

EXTRACTION NATURAL GAS PIPELINE OIL PIPELINE

Rio

To sustain economic growth, South American governments are counting on aggressive, multilateral expansion of infrastructural capacity across the continent. These megaprojects will generate further pressure on ecologically significant zones while simultaneously exacerbating social inequality and displacement. Their construction initiates antagonistic expropriation and relocation of settlements and indigenous peoples, and creates ‘instant’ cities of tens of thousands of migrant workers, who remain in the area once extraction or construction ends. The physical and social infrastructure required to attend to this scale of growth is rarely considered, and these mega-infrastructures leave a legacy of inadequate urban conditions whose fates are social exploitation, economic disparity and diminished ecological capital.

EXISTING

Rio

Cáceres

Paragu

BOLIVIA

Cuiabá

Rio

or m

Rio'

PERU

Lago Titicaca

Piura

IRON ORE MINE

ARGENTINA Esmeraldas Manta

Iquitos

Manaus

Tabatinga Yurimaguas

Piura

Santarém

Macapá Belém

TRANSPORTATION INTERMODAL / FLUVIAL PORT WATERWAY

Itaituba

ROADWAY

Strait of Magellan

Cali

ENERGY

Quito

HYDROELECTRIC PLANT THERMAL GAS POWER PLANT ELECTRICITY GRID

Piura

Cuiabá

20 Sample modular plan configurations responding to different programmatic needs

House 1B-2B Artists, Fishermen, Biologists

House 1C-2A-3B-4A Large families, Shop Owners

House 1B-2C-4A Medium-sized Families, Merchants

House 1A Guides, Park Rangers, Ship Workers

S UNBRELLA HOUSE A M O D U L A R S O L U T I O N T O A M U LT I FA C E T E D P R O B L E M Design Competition (3RD PLACE) / Arista Arquitectos Construction system details. Pieza de madera (15 x 10 x 3 cm)

Concrete f‘c=210kg/cm2

Pieza de madera (30 x 10 x 3 cm)

7/8” cylindrical tube

Bolt Concrete f‘c=210kg/cm2

perforation for concrete pouring

See bolt detail

Espiga 3 cm Orificio 6 x 3 cm

Bamboo 15 cm Diameter

Bamboo 15 cm Diameter Bambu (diametro 15cm)

Bamboo 15 cm Diameter

Bambu (diametro 15cm)

Piezas de madera

Coupling Detail

Bolt

Bolt Detail - Side View Bamboo 15 cm diameter 7/8” nut

7/8” nut

Union Detail

7/8” cylindrical tube See coupling detail

Bamboo 15 cm Diameter

3/4” Bolt 3/4” nut Bamboo 15 cm Diameter

9 Joint Detail

Bolt Detail - Front View

Washers

Section A - A

Concrete f‘c=210kg/cm2

3/4” Bolt See Bolt detail

Perpendicular Coupling Detail

I directed the team that developed the Sunbrella House proposal while at Aritsa. The project was our submission to the International Latitude Zero design competition organized in parallel to the XV International Quito Biennial. The challenge of this ideas contest was to design a prototype house that would address the many issues of a growing population within the unique and delicate ecosystem of the Galapagos Islands. Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, the second largest settlement in the Galápagos Islands, has been experiencing rapid and chaotic growth. Our proposal was based on the fact that 96.7% percent of the Galapagos Islands constitutes a national park. As a result, room for exploiting natural resources in the islands is very limited and any demand for raw materials from large-scale development of housing will create a significant environmental impact. The exploitation of local gravel mines as well as of native wood has already caused extensive damage. Alternatively, we proposed using Caña Guadua, which is an endemic variety of Bamboo that grows in the continental coasts, to be the main material used in these houses. Thousands of hectares of Caña plantations are already being harvested and it is a crop that grows quickly, constituting a rapidly renewable material. In addition, inhabitants of the Ecuadorian coast have been using this as a building material for thousands of years. The construction techniques and the performance

21 Passive sustainability features built into the modular housing system.

OPEN SHUTTERS AND VENTS

ELEVATED WATER TANK

CLOSED SHUTTERS AND VENTS

SUBTERRANEAN CISTERN Rainwater collection and storage diagrams with hyperbolic paraboloid roof option.

Interior rendering of terrace and entryway

of this material is familiar to builders of the region, and the material is extremely strong and can be used for structural elements, cladding, walls, partitions and floors, furniture, and is now being laminated to create boards and floating floors. We concluded that shipping partially prefabricated Ca単a panels, structures and other components from the coast by boat has a much smaller environmental impact than having to extract local resources from such a delicate environment. This also addresses another problem that Galapagos faces, which is a reduced availability of skilled builders. Any system to be implemented in the islands must be easily assembled. The solution we proposed is a modular system which is flexible and can be put together without major machinery or specialized skill sets.

N AT U R A L V E N T I L AT I O N

Based on a construction system that was developed by the office for the Ecuadorian stand at Expo 2000 in Hannover, the technique combines vernacular strategies and materials with more contemporary approaches, including filing sections of Ca単a with cement and using steel bolts and straps to strengthen main joints. In addition, the housing system enables a multitude of straightforward, scalable sustainability measures, ranging from rainwater harvesting and passive ventilation to composting toilets and photovoltaic solar panel integration. COMPOSTING TOILET CHAMBRE

RECYCLING CLASSIFICATION COMPARTMENTS

ESPÉRANCE #4

Hydraulic pencil and acrylic paint on recycled sheet metal Semi-inhabited buildings embody the hope of future prosperity and progeny

B ANALISM THE AESTHETICS OF INFORMALITY BFA Graduation Project and Exhibition / Universidad San Francisco de Quito

L’A C C È S V E R T I C A L

As a topic in the fringes of both art and architecture, my final project and graduation exhibition for my BFA resulted from reserach into the phenomena and aesthetics of informal construction. In addition to presenting documentation, analysis and mapping, I produced artwork with the purpose of intensifying the aesthetic intentions embedded in informal construction. By purposely taking these elements out of context and ‘framing’ them within the language of fine arts, these characteristics become more visible.

Hydraulic pencil and acrylic paint on recycled sheet metal

Depicting the spatial texture of informality

According to the International Union of Architects, eighty percent of the current built environment can be defined as informal construction. At a time when more than half of a global population (more than 3.5 billion people) are now living in urban areas, the magnitude of this figure is startling.

The exhibition was held at the gallery of the School of Architects of Pichincha, the provincial authority that regulates building bylaws and regulations.

As a method that would allow multiple views to coexist, I approached the topic with irony by stating that informal construction is the tendency with the largest built oeuvre around the world. I proposed Banalism as the name for this hypothetical global movement, as informal construction is often considered to be unimaginative and commonplace. My intent was to obtain a critical view of contemporary architecture by carrying out a first-hand investigation into what supposedly architecture is not: informal construction.

MOSAĂ?QUE #2

ENSAMBLAGE #9

Recycled shards of glass bottles on reinforced concrete

Scrap metal soldered with arc welder Pieces of old cars are also used as construction materials

Third world security methods reinterpreted

ENSAMBLAGE #3

Scrap metal assembled with arc welder

Basic tools such as rebar rib benders for reinforced concrete