Huawei CS Fallback(CSFB) Solution Author/ Email: lihaifeng/mac.li@huawei.com Version: v1.8(20130425) HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Content
Why CS Fallback
CS Fallback Solution Overview
Flexible Deployment in Core Network
Successful Story
Major Deployment Options of LTE Voice VoLTE (LTE for data & voice)
LTE voice solution
IMS based LTE voice
• Rich services experience
Provide voice service based on LTE network, support inter-work with 2G/3G
• Less connection time than CS • >3 times frequency efficiency
CS fallback
• Fast supply basic voice service for LTE users • Longer connection time
Attach LTE first, switch to CS for voice
Reuse CS （LTE for data only）
SVLTE Attach to 2G/3G & LTE simultaneously, 2G/3G for voice
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• Less impact to network • High cost & power consumption of terminal • Traditional service in CS
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Content
Why CS Fallback
CS Fallback Solution Overview
Flexible Deployment in Core Network
Successful Story
CS Fallback Solution Overview Terminal • CSFB capable terminal
LI
Billing Center
OSS
Radio network • Optional upgrade of BSC/RNC
HLR/HSS Reused
according to CSFB mechanism
Core network
GMSC
VMSC
• Upgrade VMSC to support CSFB MME
S/P-GW
SGs
function. Or deploy CSFB proxy CS
• New SGs interface connect to MME
EPC/PS
Provision • Convergent HLR/HSS for 2G/3G/4G
CS fallback
user is recommended.
GERAN/UTRAN
LTE
• No change to LI and charging Renewed
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NEs List in CSFB Deployment NE
Function Description
HSS/HLR
Support 2G/3G/4G subscription data. Convergent HSS for 2G/3G/4G recommended to get a simple user data management
MSC
Support CSFB function, or deploy a new MSC as CSFB proxy
SGSN
No requirements if using R8 Redirection fallback mechanism
RNC/BSS
1. Support sending the page response to MSC when the page request sent by MME, not through the BSC/RNC 2. Support 3GPP R8 phase and can broadcast 4G adjacent area information 3. Fast return to LTE after CS service is recommended to be triggered by BSC/RNC for better user experience
SCP/RBT/SMC
NA
STP
Support FNR(flexible number routing) function while using different HLR/HSS for 2G/3G and 4G user
MME
All the new MME should support CSFB and select a MSC in the Pool base on IMSI-Hash
eNodeB
Support CSFB function and R8 redirection fallback mechanism in blind mode at least
Provision
1. Support sending data to HSS or HLR based on the user’s type. If the user is 4G, the data should send to HSS and STP with FNR. if the user is 2G/3G ,the data should send to HLR 2. Delete the 3G /2G data in HLR when user upgrade to 4G in HSS 3. Reuse existing CS for LI and charging
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Surging Smart Phones Capable of CS Fallback
HTC Raider™ 4G LTE smart-phone
HTC Vivid LTE smart-phone
LG Nitro LTE smart-phone
Arrows X LTE F-05D
700MHz/AWS
2100MHz
iPhone 5 700/AWS/2.6GHz
700MHz/AWS
700MHz/AWS 800/1800/2600MHz NEC Medias LTE N-04D (02-2012)
Pantech HSPA+/LTE smartphone
2100MHz
700/850MHz AWS
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Samsung Galaxy S II /S lll LTE
850MHz LG Optimus LTE smart-phone
2100MHz
700/AWS
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2100MHz
850MHz
Various CSFB Mechanisms and Impacts
LTE CSFB to 2G(GERAN)
LTE CSFB to 3G(UTRAN)
CSFB Mechanism
Impacts on UTRAN/GERAN
Impacts on PS
Impacts on terminal
Impacts on CS core Network
R8 CCO with NACC
Yes
Yes
Yes
No(1)
PS Handover
Yes
Yes
Yes
No(1)
R8 redirection
No
No
Yes
No(1)
R9 redirection with SIB
Yes
Yes
Yes
No(1)
•
Different mechanisms result in different call set-up delays and deployment
•
3GPP R8 redirection recommended for fast deployment without extra requirements on BSC/RNC
•
3GPP R9 redirection with SIB(2) and PSHO recommended considering less latency
Note: 1.the various mechanism s are transparent towards CS core 2.3GPP R9 redirection also known as Flash CSFB in Huawei RAN solution HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Service Provision Overview Provision system USIM data
Convergent HSS 4G user data
2G/3G user data
CS data
Routing data
PS data
STP(FNR)
Deploy convergent HSS for all data of 4G user
2G/3G user data
Subscription data provision for 2G/3G/4G
Existing HLR
CS data
1. Provision system send data to HSS or HLR based on the user’s type. For 4G user, all data is sent to HSS, for 2G/3G user, the data is sent to HLR 2. 2G/3G data in HLR is deleted when user upgraded to 4G
Flexible Number Routing for CSFB provisioning
PS data
Keep existing HLR no change for legacy 2G/3G user HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Convergent HSS
HLR
EPS data
SIM/USIM data
All data of 4G user
1. STP should be enhanced with flexible number routing between 2G/3G(including fallback user) and 4G user 2. Routing data is updated to STP when 4G user provisioning 3. STP route service message to HLR or HSS based on FNR 4. Support 4G migration without changing number in 2G/3G with FNR
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Flexible CSFB Deployments in Core Network Huawei innovation
Standard Deployment
Proxy Deployment
SGs
SGs
upgrade
MME
MME CSFB Proxy
Existing MSCs
Enhanced MSCs with CSFB
Existing MSCs
• Upgrade all MSCs and enhanced with CSFB • Expensive cost and heavy upgrade work in some cases • The user experience is better for less latency
• Introduce new MSC as CSFB Proxy • Fast deployment and shorten time-to-market • A simple approach for 4G only operator to provide LTE voice
Operator has the flexible choice to realize the CSFB deployment
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FOR ATCA MSC ONLY
Flexible Evolution Protect Your Investment Pre-VoLTE
VoLTE
ICS
Standard deployment
IMS
EPC EPC
• Enhanced MSCs with CSFB
IMS
+
• Enhanced with SRVCC/MGCF/VIG
Pre-VoLTE
EPC
• Enhanced MSCs with mAGCF
VoLTE
IPX
Proxy deployment IMS EPC MGW MSCs • Deploy MSC-S as CSFB proxy
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EPC
MSCs
+
CS/EPC/IMS /PSTN/… MGW MSCs
• Enhanced with SRVCC/MGCF/VIG
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• Enhanced with GMSC/IBCF/IBGF/ISBC
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End-to-end Multi-vendor
C/D
A/Iu
Um/Uu
Comprehensive integration experiences ensure fast TTM MSC
RAN
S6a
S1
LTE-Uu
SGs
CSFB UE
LTE
Interface
Equipment Vendor(Partial)
SGs
MME
Huawei, Cisco, Ericsson, NSN
C/D
HLR(HSS)
Huawei, Ericsson, NSN
S6a
HSS
Huawei, Ericsson, NSN
A/Iu
BSC/RNC
Huawei, Ericsson, NSN
S1
eNodeB
Huawei, Ericsson, NSN
Um/Uu/LTEUu
UE
Huawei(P1/D1), Apple(iPhone 5), Samsung(Galaxy II/III), HTC
MME
HLR/HSS
Reference(Partial)
Mechanism 3GPP R8 Redirection
Malaysia
Hongkong
Netherlands
Saudi Arabia
Norway
South Africa
Russia
Saudi Arabia
China
The interfaces are same for both CSFB and CSFB Proxy deployment HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Call Setup Time Reference (R8)
Under CSFB standard deployment
2G calls 2G, no fallback
Reusing
2G
6.06 s 2.79
4G calls 2G, fallback to 2G
8.85 s 5.58
4G calls 4G, fallback to 2G
3G calls 3G, no fallback Reusing
3G
4G calls 3G, fallback to 3G
4G calls 4G, fallback to 3G
11.64 s
4.85 s 1.02
5.87 s
2.02
6.87 s
Note:
The latency information contained in this document depends on end-to-end network conditions with necessary optimization, and it should NOT represent any HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,commitment. LTD. Huawei Confidential
Source from Huawei lab under conditions: 3GPP Rel8 redirection, etc.
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Call Setup Time Reference (R9)
Under CSFB standard deployment
2G calls 2G, no fallback
Reusing
2G
6.06 s 0.79
4G calls 2G, fallback to 2G
6.85 s
1.58
4G calls 4G, fallback to 2G
7.64 s
3G calls 3G, no fallback Reusing
3G
4G calls 3G, fallback to 3G
4G calls 4G, fallback to 3G Note:
The latency information contained in this document depends on end-to-end network conditions with necessary optimization, and it should NOT represent any HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,commitment. LTD. Huawei Confidential
4.85 s 0.64
5.49 s
1.24
6.09 s
Source from Huawei labunder conditions: 3GPP Rel9 redirection, etc.
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Content
Why CS Fallback CS Fallback Solution Overview
Standard Deployment Option 1 SGs
Flexible Deployment in Core Network Successful Story
upgrade Existing MSCs
MME Enhanced MSCs with CSFB
Deployment
Procedure
CSFB Standard Deployment in CS
HLR(2G/3G)
HSS (4G)
Deployment principle STP(FNR)
CS core network
C/D
Upgrade all MSC Server in Pool to the target software version
All MSC Servers enable CSFB function to
SGs
VMSC
support both CS and CSFB user access
A/Iu
HLR/HSS
Deploy convergent HSS for 4G user to get a
BSC/RNC
simple user data management
Keep existing HLR no change
Use STP with FNR function to select HLR or
BTS eNodeB
HSS for 2G/3G/4G(fallback user)
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MME
Deployment
Procedure
SGs Associated Location Update Convergent HSS
MSS1
General routingin MME • TA1 -> LAI1 -> MSS1 • TA2 -> LAI1 -> MSS1 • TA3 -> LAI2 -> MSS2
MSS2
Insert user data 2
Routing towards MSC pool • IMSI Hash -> MSS x
Location update
MME MME
MSC
TA1
SGs
TA2
TA3
EPC
CS
LAI1 1
LAI2
TAU Request
LTE
CSFB capable LTE terminal
• MME find CSFB VMSC number according to TA-LAI-MSC mapping • After successful SGs location update, VMSC get ready for later CSFB procedure • For MSC Pool, MME find VMSC based on IMSI hash table/TMSI in MME * Only major procedures are presented in this slide for better understanding
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Deployment
Procedure
Basic Call Procedure 1
MME
MSC
SGs
SGs EPC
CS 3
4
LTE
MO Procedures • UE receive fallback indication after CS service request • UE fallback to 2G/3G • UE initiate CS service request as normal CS procedure
2
2G/3G
LTE 3
2
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EPC
CS
1
2G/3G
MME
MSC
MT Procedures • MSS send paging over SGs after receiving incoming call • MME trigger fallback indication • UE fallback to 2G/3G • UE send paging response to MSC as normal CS procedure
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Deployment
Procedure
Basic SMS Procedure SMC/SMC-Gateway
SMC
SMS over SGs
MSC
MME
SMS over SGs
MSC
SGs
SGs
LTE
LTE
• Originating SMS over SGs without fallback procedure
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EPC
CS
EPC
CS
MME
• Terminated SMS over SGs without fallback procedure
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Deployment
Procedure
MTRF Improves Call Complete Rate for CSFB calls HLR
MTRF/MTRR: Mobile Terminated Roaming Forwarding/Retry, CCR: Call Complete Rate
5. Location Update
6. Cancel Location
Description VMSC1 1. IAM(MSRN)
• When receiving call on the borders of different MSCs /Pools area, CSFB UE may roam to neighbor MSC/VLR area, and the previous VMSC can forward the call to current VMSC with MTRF function.
4.Send Identification(*1) VMSC2
7. PRN(*2)/RSP 8. IAM 3.Location update
2.Paging via SGs
LAI1
Benefits
9.Paging
• Call complete rate(CCR) is improved for CSFB call • Better user experience
LAI2
CSFB call received on borders
MTRF(MSC mode) required on MSC only:
MTRF(HLR mode) required on both MSC and HLR:
*1: MTRF supported flag and New MSC/VLR number contained in G interface *2: MTRF indicator flag and Old MSC number contained
Location Update: MTRF supported flag contained Cancel Location: MTRF supported and Authorized flag and New MSC/VLR number contained
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Deployment
Procedure
Fast Return to LTE at the end of CSFB call Without fast return PS CSFB
Release call with CSFB indication LTE
PS Ready CS call
cell reselection
PS CSFB
GSM/UMTS
8s after UE idle with unreachable time
With fast return
Direct access
LTE
PS Ready
LTE
GSM/UMTS
CS call
frequency info. G/U
500ms after CS call
Description • At the end of a CSFB call in GSM/UMTS network, the frequency information of LTE cell is sent in RRC Connection Release message in order to instruct the UE to camp on the LTE cell instead of cell re-selection to LTE.
Benefits • This feature accelerate the camping back to LTE after voice call release and reduce unreachable time of LTE user • Avoid the impact to non-CSFB user(e.g. UE may be out of network when trying to access LTE for about 10 seconds)
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Deployment
Procedure
CSFB Backup and Recovery CSFB MSC
MME
PRN Convergence HSS/HLR
SGs paging Paging
MSC Pool
SGs
MME Pool
Fault case 1: CSFB MSC down HLR route terminated call to normal CSFB MSC CSFB MSC route the call to MME according to backup information
CS
EPC PRN SGs paging
RAN(2G/3G/4G)
Paging
High reliable networking for CSFB
Fault case 2: MME down
MSC Pool networking with real time backup of CSFB users
CSFB MSC reselect normal MME for terminated call
MME pool networking Immediate terminated call recovery in down time of CSFB/MME
VLR Real-time Backup HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Content
Why CS Fallback Proxy Deployment
CS Fallback Solution Overview
Option 2
Flexible Deployment in Core Network
Successful Story
+ Existing MSCs
SGs
CSFB Proxy
MME
Deployment
Procedure
Performance
CSFB Proxy, the most efficient way to initiate LTE voice Low TCO
HSS/HLR
• Deploy one MSC-S(no MGW) as CSFB Proxy • Evolve to SRVCC-IWF/MGCF in VoLTE phase
MSC-Server (as CSFB Proxy) SGs
CS
MME Pool
Fast TTM • Least impacts to existing CS, reusing BOSS, LI • Fastest 1 month
EPC
Full service inheritance RAN(2G/3G/4G)
• Fallback to existing CS for services handling • Free of worry
CSFB Proxy Network topology
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Deployment
Procedure
Performance
SGs Associated Location Update Convergent HSS
CSFB MSS with common fake LAI
Routing policies in MME
Insert user data 2
• All TA -> common fake LAI -> CSFB MSS
Location update
MME CSFB proxy
VMSC
MME
TA1
SGs
TA2
TA3
EPC
CS
LAI1 1
LTE
CSFB capable LTE terminal
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LAI2
TAU Request •
MME find CSFB MSC number according to TA-LAI-MSC mapping
•
After successful SGs location update, CSFB MSC get ready for later CSFB procedure, and VMSC need extra implicit location update
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Deployment
Procedure
Performance
Basic MO Call Procedure MO Procedures • UE register to 2G/3G VMSC when fall back to the corresponding physical LAI area. • Location update is needed in CSFB proxy procedure and extra latency is introduced compared with standard CSFB.
HLR MME
VMSC
CSFB proxy SGs EPC
CS
2G/3G
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LTE
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Deployment
Procedure
Performance
Basic MT Call Procedure for Native User HLR
Proxy MME GMSC
SAE GW
VMSC
EPC
• Proxy Send paging over SGs when receiving the PRN from HLR • LTE terminal fallback and register to VMSC • Proxy trigger the 2nd SRI procedure when receiving the Cancel Location from HLR and respond roaming number to GMSC • Bearer is established bypassing proxy MSC No requirements on the existing MSC and HLR Difficult in implementing 2nd SRI in international scenario
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Deployment
Procedure
Performance
Optimized MT Call Procedure for Native User Optimization required
HLR
Proxy MME GMSC
SAE GW
VMSC
EPC
• Proxy Send paging over SGs when receiving the PRN from HLR, and trigger the fallback of MS from LTE to 2G/3G • LTE terminal register to VMSC and HLR, cancel location from proxy • Proxy trigger PRN procedure directly to VMSC and respond roaming number to GMSC • Bearer is established bypassing proxy MSC 2nd SRI procedure is avoided, optimized delay Fast service launch in international roaming scenario HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Deployment
Procedure
Performance
Basic SMS Procedure SMC/SMC-Gateway
SMC
SMS over SGs
Proxy
MME
SMS over SGs
Proxy
SGs
SGs
EPC
CS
EPC
CS
LTE
LTE
• Same procedure with that in standard deployment • Proxy can provide the SMS charging and LI service if not provided in SMSC HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
MME
• Same procedure with that in standard deployment • Proxy can provide the SMS charge and LI service if not provided in SMSC
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Deployment
Procedure
Performance
CSFB Proxy Backup and Recovery CSFB Proxy
MME
PRN Convergence HSS/HLR
SGs paging Paging
VLR Real-time Backup
Fault case 1: CSFB Proxy down HLR route terminated call to normal CSFB Proxy
SGs
CS
MME Pool
CSFB Proxy route the call to MME according to backup information
EPC PRN SGs paging
RAN(2G/3G/4G)
Paging
High reliable networking for CSFB 1+1 load share of CSFB Proxy with real time backup of CSFB users MME pool networking
Fault case 2: MME down CSFB Proxy reselect normal MME for terminated call
Immediate terminated call recovery in down time of CSFB Proxy/MME
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Deployment
Procedure
Performance
E2E well-proven optimizations ensure better user experience Optimization overview
CSFB Call additional procedure
Normal Call
MO Location Update
MO Fallback
7
2~6
MT Fallback
8
MT Location Update
Paging (4G)
MO Fallback
MT Fallback
MO/MT
2~6
7,8
Dual Fallback
1
Optimization Point
2~6
1
2~6
1
1
Related Field
Reduced latency in live network
1
Skip SIBs & SIB schedule adjust
UE/RNC
0.7s
2
Skip Send IMSI
CSFB Proxy
0.1s
3
Shorten Send authentication
VMSC
0.4s
4
Skip check IMEI
VMSC or MME
5
Skip TMSI reallocation
VMSC
0.2s
6
Shorten Cipher Latency
RAN
0.6s
7
Calling party Follow ON
VMSC/UE
1.1s
8
Called party with CSMT support
UE/VMSC
1.5s
Note: The latency information contained in this document depends on end-to-end network Page 31 Huawei Confidential and it does NOT represent with necessary optimization, any commitment.
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Deployment
Procedure
Performance
Satisfied Performance From an European Live Network
3GPP R8 redirection based with fallback to 3G HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Deployment
Procedure
Performance
Demo in F5 live center: CSFB Proxy – fast call setup & return Concurrent calls
Single call
Fast return LTE
5s 5s CSFB
3G
Download movie
3G
• calls 117 when downloading • the downloading goes on
7s
117 Time service CSFB
117
3G
• Same call experience • A user is not aware of the fallback Note: adopt 3GPP R8 redirection based CSFB, fall back to 3G HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Content
Why CS Fallback
CS Fallback Solution Overview
Flexible Deployment in Core Network
Successful Story
Worldwide References References for CSFB Standard Deployment
Hongkong
Malaysia
CMHK
Kuwait
Philippine
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
Namibia
Philippine Smart Norway
UAE
Russia
South Africa
Venezuela
Sri Lanka
Thailand BFKT
Sri Lanka Dialog
Russia
Paraguay Tigo
References for CSFB Proxy Deployment
Netherlands
Saudi Arabia
Romania
Colombia
Spain
Oman
Mexico
Oman
Total projects operating: 75 (Standard deployment: 35, Proxy deployment:33) HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Some customer feedbacks sharing 2012.12 Holland KPN, CSFP Proxy deployment Dear Victor, I would like to take this opportunity to formally express my appreciation to you and your team for the effort and excellent performance within the LTE program of KPN. Furthermore I want to congratulate you and your team with the current result. During the last couple of months we discussed the performance of the Huawei EPC team on several different management levels and I want to express how pleased KPN is with the efforts and achievements of the Huawei team. Huawei delivered the EPC project in the shortest timeline possible. All milestones are met on time or even before the deadline. The Huawei project team has shown tremendous commitment and perseverance in realizing project targets and requirements and succeeded in delivering this strategic project for KPN in a very controlled manor. I am also very pleased by way the Huawei project team members interacted with the KPN project members. All Huawei team members demonstrated great professionalism and maintained a pleasant constructive attitude during formal and informal discussions. I look forward to continue working with Huawei project team in the next steps of the project and I have full confidence we will be successful again. ---Rob Geurts, Program manager
2013.04 Malaysia Maxis, CSFB standard deployment MAXIS THE FIRST TO ACTIVATE 4G LTE FOR APPLE DEVICES All new and existing Maxis customers using iPhone 5, iPad mini and iPad 4 can now enjoy super fast internet on Maxis’ 4G LTE network “Well done! We are undisputed speed king in Msia and always at forefront of technology. Thank you all for taking this to another level and for making history” -- CS Yap, Head of Network
2013.03 Saudi Zain, CSFB Proxy deployment The experience under Huawei CSFB Proxy is better than that in NSN CSFB standard deployment -- from Zain Group after experience in Saudi OPCO comparing with that in Kuwait OPCO Pageby36 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
Commercial CSFB in Hong Kong PCCW (Feb. 2012) HLR (2G/3G)
Field
Solution
CS/PS/EPC
Huawei
HLR/HSS
Huawei
3G/LTE
Huawei
LTE terminal
SAMSUNG galaxy SII and HTC holiday
CS fallback mechanism
R8 redirection
CS deployment
Standard deployment(update all MSC to support CSFB)
HSS deployment
Convergent HSS for all data of 4G user
Convergent HSS (4G)
C/D
SGs
MSC POOL
BSC/RNC
Benefits BTS
• Fast deployment in 1 month, short TTM
eNodeB
• First LTE voice network in Hong Kong telecom market, increasing brand • Brings successful market(10000sub in 2 months), win the beginning HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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MME
KPN, Step Forward Confidently with Huawei KPN awards Huawei a bonus for excellent delivery CSFB Proxy Existing CS
EPC
• Fast TTM(in 3 months) • Fast Fallback to CS • Fast Return to LTE
Case DNA Challenges: To win the competition edge, KPN needs to deploy commercial LTE voice network within 3 months as the surging of smart phones capable of CS fallback. Huawei solutions: 1 MSS as CSFB Proxy is deployed over the existing core network to meet the TTM, which has no impacts on existing BSS, OSS and LI. Benefits: 1) Reusing CS to provide voice/SMS service and saving CAPEX in the initial LTE phase 2) Fast launch of LTE voice before commercial VOLTE and win the competition edge HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Page 38
Thank you www.huawei.com
CopyrightŠ2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved. The information contained in this document is for reference purpose only, and is subject to change or withdrawal according to specific customer requirements and conditions.
Deployment
Procedure
Performance
Call Setup Time Reference for CSFB Proxy (R8) Evaluation required for commercial launch 2G calls 2G, no fallback
Reusing
2G
6.06 s 5.76
4G calls 2G, fallback to 2G
8.17
4G calls 4G, fallback to 2G
3G calls 3G, no fallback Reusing
4G calls 3G, fallback to 3G
Note:
14.23 s
4.85 s 2.22
7.07 s
3G 4G calls 4G, fallback to 3G
11.82 s
4.61
9.46 s
Source from Huawei lab under conditions: 3GPP Rel8 redirection, CSMT, etc. The latency information contained in this document depends on end-to-end network conditions with necessary optimization, and it should NOT represent any Page 40 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,commitment. LTD. Huawei Confidential
Deployment
Procedure
Performance
Call Setup Time Reference for CSFB Proxy (R9) 2G calls 2G, no fallback
Reusing
2G
6.06 s 3.76
4G calls 2G, fallback to 2G
4.17
4G calls 4G, fallback to 2G
3G calls 3G, no fallback Reusing
4G calls 3G, fallback to 3G
Note:
10.23 s
4.85 s 1.84
6.69 s
3G 4G calls 4G, fallback to 3G
9.82 s
4.23
9.08 s
Source from Huawei lab under conditions: 3GPP Rel9 redirection, CSMT, etc. The latency information contained in this document depends on end-to-end network conditions with necessary optimization, and it should NOT represent any Page 41 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,commitment. LTD. Huawei Confidential