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T H E ..T R I A L THE..QUEEN THE..COVEN THE..MARCH

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THE TRIAL

Salem Witch Trials Arrest Warrant What to Wear to Your Trial Date The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman

THE QUEEN

Suffragette Protest Sign Pretty in Pink Mini Photographic Publication Have You Checked the News?

Women’s Suffrage History from The Library of Congress

When 25 Countries Allowed Women to Vote by

Zoe Miller How to Make the Perfect Martini

THE COVEN

A Generational Issue? UN Speech by Emma Watson Women’s Rights are Human Rights Mini Publication UN Speech by Hilary Clinton Sealed Section

Hot Tips: That Time of the Month?

Let’s Talk Sex!

Embarrassing Sex Stories Horoscopes

THE MARCH

Equality Definition Why We Love Men by Christy Williams What Do Smart Women Make for Dinner?

So, What’s the General Consensus on Feminism?

Article by Roberta Guerrina

Data Visualisation by Emily Wilson

For the boys, the girls, and everything in between...

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You are under arrest on suspicion of being a WOMAN. You have the right to remain silent. You have the right to an attorney and if 3

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you cannot afford an attorney one will be appointed for you. If you waive these rights, anything you say may be used against you in court.

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And so the

TRIAL,

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begins...

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Salem, 1692

Salem Aprill. 4’th 1692 There being complaint this day made (before us) by capt Jonat Walcott, and Lt Natheniell Ingersull both of Salem Village, in behalfe of theire Majesties for themselfes and also for severall of their neighbours Against Sarah Cloyce the wife of peter Cloyce of Salem Village; and Elizabeth Proctor the wife of John Proctor of Salem farmes for high suspition of sundry acts of witchcraft donne or committed by them upon the bodys of Abigail Williams, and John Indian both of Mr Sam Parris his family of Salem Village and Mary Walcott daughter of the abovesaid complainants, and Ann Putnam and Marcy Lewis of the family of Thomas Putnam of Salem Village whereby great hurt

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and dammage hath beene donne to the bodys of s’d persons above named therefore craved Justice.

You are therefore in theire Majest’s names hereby required to apprehend and bring before us Sarah Cloyce the wife of Peter Cloyce of Salem Village and Elizabeth Proctor the wife of John Procter of Salem farmes; on Munday morneing Next being the Eleventh day of this Instant Aprill aboute Eleven of the Clock, at the publike Meeting house in the Towne, in order to theire examination relateing to the premesis aboves’d and here of you are. not to faile dated Salem Aprill 8’th 1692 To George Herick Marshall of the County of Essex

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WHAT TO WEAR TO YOUR TRIAL DATE HOW TO POP ON YOUR SPECIAL DAY!

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When considering what you are going to wear on your trial date there are a few things you must not neglect to consider!

1. Firstly you mustn’t cover up too much as then you will look prudish and that is the last impression you want to make on your judge on the day!

2. Secondly, but of course you mustn’t wear too little at the risk of looking trashy, we cannot have that! You certainly can’t blame the judge for announcing that you are guilty if you think it is acceptable to dress this way.

3. Wear something colourful, but not TOO colourful, after all it’s not all about you is it? The answer, no.

4. In heavens name, do NOT wear black, you are not a grieving widow.

Unless you are, but even still, no one needs to hear or think of your cries for sympathy.

And just remember, be charming but not overly happy, look concerned but for God’s sake do not look guilty — you’ve gotten away with worse...

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California, 1892

THE YELLOW WALLPAPER A SHORT STORY BY CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN

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The Yellow Wallpaper Summary. The Yellow Wallpaper is written as a series of diary entries from the perspective of a woman who is suffering from post-partum depression. The narrator begins by describing the large, ornate home that she and her husband, John, have rented for the summer.

Clearly, the wallpaper represents the structure of family, medicine, and tradition in which the narrator finds herself trapped.

Wallpaper is domestic and humble, and Gilman skillfully uses this nightmarish, hideous paper as a symbol of the domestic life that traps so many women.

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California, 1892

1 8 9 2 It is very seldom that mere ordinary people like John and myself secure ancestral halls for the summer.

A colonial mansion, a hereditary estate, I would say a haunted house, and reach the height of romantic felicity--but that would be asking too much of fate!

Still I will proudly declare that there is something queer about it.

--a slight hysterical tendency--what is one to do?

My brother is also a physician, and also of high standing, and he says the same thing. So I take phosphates or phosphites--whichever it is, and tonics, and journeys, and air, and exercise, and am absolutely forbidden to “work” until I am well again. Personally, I disagree with their ideas. Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good.

Else, why should it be let so cheaply? And why have stood so long untenanted? John laughs at me, of course, but one expects that in marriage. John is practical in the extreme. He has no patience with faith, an intense horror of superstition, and he scoffs openly at any talk of things not to be felt and seen and put down in figures.

John is a physician, and PERHAPS (I would not say it to a living soul, of course, but this is dead paper and a great relief to my mind), PERHAPS that is one reason I do not get well faster. You see he does not believe I am sick!

But what is one to do?

And what can one do?

I did write for a while in spite of them; but it DOES exhaust me a good deal having to be so sly about it, or else meet with heavy opposition. I sometimes fancy that my condition if I had less opposition and more society and stimulus, but John says the very worst thing I can do is to think about my condition, and I confess it always makes me feel bad. So I will let it alone and talk about the house.

If a physician of high standing, and one’s own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression

The most beautiful place! It is quite alone, standing well back from the road, quite three miles from the village.

It makes me think of English places that you read about,

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for there are hedges and walls and gates that lock, and lots of separate little houses for the gardeners and people. There is a DELICIOUS garden! I never saw such a garden--large and shady, full of box-bordered paths, and lined with long grape-covered arbors with seats under them. There were greenhouses, too, but they are all broken now.

One of those sprawling flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin. It is dull enough to confuse the eye in following, pronounced enough to constantly irritate and provoke study, and when you follow the lame uncertain curves for a little distance they suddenly commit suicide--plunge off at outrageous angles, destroy themselves in unheard of contradictions.

There was some legal trouble, I believe, something about the heirs and coheirs; anyhow, the place has been empty for years. That spoils my ghostliness, I am afraid, but I don’t care--there is something strange about the house--I can feel it. I even said so to John one moonlight evening, but he said what I felt was a DRAUGHT, and shut the window. I get unreasonably angry with John sometimes. I’m sure I never used to be so sensitive.

I think it is due to this nervous condition. But John says if I feel so, I shall neglect proper self-control; so I take pains to control myself--before him, at least, and that makes me very tired.

The color is repellent, almost revolting; a smouldering unclean yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight. It is a dull yet lurid orange in some places, a sickly sulphur tint in others. No wonder the children hated it! I should hate it myself if I had to live in this room long. There comes John, and I must put this away, --he hates to have me write a word. *** We have been here two weeks, and I haven’t felt like writing before, since that first day. I am sitting by the window now, up in this atrocious nursery, and there is nothing to hinder my writing as much as I please, save lack of strength. John is away all day, and even some nights when his cases are serious.

I don’t like our room a bit. I wanted one downstairs that opened on the piazza and had roses all over the window, and such pretty old-fashioned chintz hangings! but John would not hear of it. He said there was only one window and not room for two beds, and no near room for him if he took another. He is very careful and loving, and hardly lets me stir without special direction.

I am glad my case is not serious!

But these nervous troubles are dreadfully depressing.

John does not know how much I really suffer. He knows there is no REASON to suffer, and that satisfies him.

Of course it is only nervousness. It does weigh on me so not to do my duty in any way! I meant to be such a help to John, such a real rest and comfort, and here I am a comparative burden already! Nobody would believe what an effort it is to do what little I am able,--to dress and entertain, and other things. It is fortunate Mary is so good with the baby. Such a dear baby! And yet I CANNOT be with him,

I have a schedule prescription for each hour in the day; he takes all care from me, and so I feel basely ungrateful not to value it more. He said we came here solely on my account, that I was to have perfect rest and all the air I could get. “Your exercise depends on your strength, my dear,” said he, “and your food somewhat on your appetite; but air you can absorb all the time.” So we took the nursery at the top of the house. It is a big, airy room, the whole floor nearly, with windows that look all ways, and air and sunshine galore. It was nursery first and then playroom and gymnasium, I should judge; for the windows are barred for little children, and there are rings and things in the walls.

it makes me so nervous.

I suppose John never was nervous in his life. He laughs at me so about this wall- paper! At first he meant to repaper the room, but afterwards he said that I was letting it get the better of me, and that nothing was worse for a nervous patient than to give way to such fancies. He said that after the wall-paper was changed it would be the heavy bedstead, and then the barred windows, and then that gate at the head of the stairs, and so on.

The paint and paper look as if a boys’ school had used it. It is stripped off--the paper--in great patches all around the head of my bed, about as far as I can reach, and in a great place on the other side of the room low down. I never saw a worse paper in my life.

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“You know the place is doing you good,” he said, “and really, dear, I don’t care to renovate the house just for a three months’ rental.”

“Then do let us go downstairs,” I said, “there are such pretty rooms there.” Then he took me in his arms and called me a blessed little goose, and said he would go down to the cellar, if I wished, and have it whitewashed into the bargain. But he is right enough about the beds and windows and things. It is an airy and comfortable room as any one need wish, and, of course, I would not be so silly as to make him uncomfortable just for a whim.

everywhere. There is one place where two breadths didn’t match, and the eyes go all up and down the line, one a little higher than the other. I never saw so much expression in an inanimate thing before, and we all know how much expression they have! I used to lie awake as a child and get more entertainment and terror out of blank walls and plain furniture than most children could find in a toy store. I remember what a kindly wink the knobs of our big, old bureau used to have, and there was one chair that always seemed like a strong friend. I used to feel that if any of the other things looked too fierce I could always hop into that chair and be safe.

I’m really getting quite fond of the big room, all but that horrid paper. Out of one window I can see the garden, those mysterious deep-shaded arbors, the riotous old-fashioned flowers, and bushes and gnarly trees. Out of another I get a lovely view of the bay and a little private wharf belonging to the estate.

There is a beautiful shaded lane that runs down there from the house. I always fancy I see people walking in these numerous paths and arbors, but John has cautioned me not to give way to fancy in the least.

He says that with my imaginative power and habit of story-making, a nervous weakness like mine is sure to lead to all manner of excited fancies, and that I ought to use my will and good sense to check the tendency.

So I try.

The furniture in this room is no worse than inharmonious, however, for we had to bring it all from downstairs. I suppose when this was used as a playroom they had to take the nursery things out, and no wonder!

I never saw such ravages as the children have made here. The wall-paper, as I said before, is torn off in spots, and it sticketh closer than a brother--they must have had perseverance as well as hatred. Then the floor is scratched and gouged and splintered, the plaster itself is dug out here and there, and this great heavy bed which is all we found in the room, looks as if it had been through the wars. But I don’t mind it a bit--only the paper.

There comes John’s sister. Such a dear girl as she is, and so careful of me! I must not let her find me writing.

She is a perfect and enthusiastic housekeeper, and hopes for no better profession. I verily believe she thinks it is the writing which made me sick! But I can write when she is out, and see her a long way off from these windows. There is one that commands the road, a lovely shaded winding road, and one that just looks off over the country. A lovely country, too, full of great elms and velvet meadows.

I think sometimes that if I were only well enough to write a little it would relieve the press of ideas and rest me. But I find I get pretty tired when I try. It is so discouraging not to have any advice and companionship about my work. When I get really well, John says we will ask Cousin Henry and Julia down for a long visit; but he says he would as soon put fireworks in my pillow-case as to let me have those stimulating people about now.

I wish I could get well faster. But I must not think about that.

This wall-paper has a kind of sub-pattern in a different shade, a particularly irritating one, for you can only see it in certain lights, and not clearly then. But in the places where it isn’t faded and where the sun is just so--I can see a strange, provoking, formless sort of figure, that seems to skulk about behind that silly and conspicuous front design. There’s sister on the stairs!

This paper looks to me as if it KNEW what a vicious influence it had!

There is a recurrent spot where the pattern lolls like a broken neck and two bulbous eyes stare at you upside down. I get positively angry with the impertinence of it and the everlastingness. Up and down and sideways they crawl, and those absurd, unblinking eyes are

***

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Well, the Fourth of July is over!

The people are gone and I am tired out. John thought it might do me good to see a little company, so we just had mother and Nellie and the children down for a week. Of course I didn’t do a thing. Jennie sees to everything now. But it tired me all the same. John says if I don’t pick up faster he shall send me to Weir Mitchell in the fall. But I don’t want to go there at all. I had a friend who was in his hands once, and she says he is just like John and my brother, only more so! Besides, it is such an undertaking to go so far. I don’t feel as if it was worth while to turn my hand over for anything, and I’m getting dreadfully fretful and querulous. I cry at nothing, and cry most of the time. Of course I don’t when John is here, or anybody else, but when I am alone.

And I am alone a good deal just now. John is kept in town very often by serious cases, and Jennie is good and lets me alone when I want her to.

So I walk a little in the garden or down that lovely lane, sit on the porch under the roses, and lie down up here a good deal. I’m getting really fond of the room in spite of the wall-paper. Perhaps BECAUSE of the wall-paper.

It dwells in my mind so!

I lie here on this great immovable bed--it is nailed down, I believe--and follow that pattern about by the hour. It is as good as gymnastics, I assure you. I start, we’ll say, at the bottom, down in the corner over there where it has not been touched, and I determine for the thousandth time that I WILL follow that pointless pattern to some sort of a conclusion.

I know a little of the principle of design, and I know this thing was not arranged on any laws of radiation, or alternation, or repetition, or symmetry, or anything else that I ever heard of. It is repeated, of course, by the breadths, but not otherwise.

Looked at in one way each breadth stands alone, the bloated curves and flourishes--a kind of “debased Romanesque” with delirium tremens--go waddling up and down in isolated columns of fatuity. But, on the other hand, they connect diagonally, and the sprawling outlines run off in great slanting waves of optic horror, like a lot of wallowing seaweeds in full chase. The whole thing goes horizontally, too, at least it seems so, and I exhaust myself in trying to distinguish the order of its going in that direction. They have used a horizontal breadth for a frieze, and that adds wonderfully to the confusion.

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There is one end of the room where it is almost intact, and there, when the crosslights fade and the low sun shines directly upon it, I can almost fancy radiation after all,--the interminable grotesques seem to form around a common centre and rush off in headlong plunges of equal distraction.

It makes me tired to follow it. I will take a nap I guess.

I don’t know why I should write this. I don’t want to.

I don’t feel able. And I know John would think it absurd.

But I MUST say what I feel and think in some way--it is such a relief! But the effort is getting to be greater than the relief. Half the time now I am awfully lazy, and lie down ever so much. John says I mustn’t lose my strength, and has me take cod liver oil and lots of tonics and things, to say nothing of ale and wine and rare meat.

Dear John! He loves me very dearly, and hates to have me sick. I tried to have a real earnest reasonable talk with him the other day, and tell him how I wish he would let me go and make a visit to Cousin Henry and Julia. But he said I wasn’t able to go, nor able to stand it after I got there; and I did not make out a very good case for myself, for I was crying before I had finished.

It is getting to be a great effort for me to think straight.

Just this nervous weakness I suppose.

And dear John gathered me up in his arms, and just carried me upstairs and laid me on the bed, and sat by me and read to me till it tired my head. He said I was his darling and his comfort and all he had, and that I must take care of myself for his sake, and keep well. He says no one but myself can help me out of it, that I must use my will and self- control and not let any silly fancies run away with me. There’s one comfort, the baby is well and happy, and does not have to occupy this nursery with the horrid wall-paper. If we had not used it, that blessed child would have! Of course I never mention it to them any more--I am too wise, --but I keep watch of it all the same.

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What a fortunate escape! Why, I wouldn’t have a child of mine, an impressionable little thing, live in such a room for worlds.

I never thought of it before, but it is lucky that John kept me here after all, I can stand it so much easier than a baby, you see.

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California, 1892

There are things in that paper that nobody knows but me, or ever will. Behind that outside pattern the dim shapes get clearer every day. It is always the same shape, only very numerous. And it is like a woman stooping down and creeping about behind that pattern. I don’t like it a bit. I wonder--I begin to think--I wish John would take me away from here! It is so hard to talk with John about my case, because he is so wise, and because he loves me so. But I tried it last night. It was moonlight.

The moon shines in all around just as the sun does.

I hate to see it sometimes, it creeps so slowly, and always comes in by one window or another. John was asleep and I hated to waken him, so I kept still and watched the moonlight on that undulating wall-paper till I felt creepy.

The faint figure behind seemed to shake the pattern, just as if she wanted to get out.

I got up softly and went to feel and see if the paper DID move, and when I came back John was awake.

“What is it, little girl?” he said. “Don’t go walking about like that--you’ll get cold.”I though it was a good time to talk, so I told him that I really was not gaining here, and that I wished he would take me away.

“Why darling!” said he, “our lease will be up in three weeks, and I can’t see how to leave before. The repairs are not done at home, and I cannot possibly leave town just now. Of course if you were in any danger, I could and would, but you really are better, dear, whether you can see it or not. I am a doctor, dear, and I know. You are gaining flesh and color, your appetite is better, I feel really much easier about you.” “I don’t weigh a bit more,” said I, “nor as much; and my appetite may be better in the evening when you are here, but it is worse in the morning when you are away!” “Bless her little heart!” said he with a big hug, “she shall be as sick as she pleases! But now let’s improve the shining hours by going to sleep, and talk about it in the morning!” “And you won’t go away?”

I asked gloomily. “Why, how can I, dear? It is only three weeks more and then we will take a nice little trip of a few days while Jennie is getting the house ready. Really dear you are better!”

“Better in body perhaps--” I began, and stopped short, for he sat up straight and looked at me with such a stern, reproachful look that I could not say another word.

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“My darling,” said he, “I beg of you, for my sake and for our child’s sake, as well as for your own, that you will never for one instant let that idea enter your mind! There is nothing so dangerous, so fascinating, to a temperament like yours. It is a false and foolish fancy. Can you not trust me as a physician when I tell you so?”

So of course I said no more on that score, and we went to sleep before long. He thought I was asleep first, but I wasn’t, and lay there for hours trying to decide whether that front pattern and the back pattern really did move together or separately. On a pattern like this, by daylight, there is a lack of sequence, a defiance of law, that is a constant irritant to a normal mind. The color is hideous enough, and unreliable enough, and infuriating enough, but the pattern is torturing.

You think you have mastered it, but just as you get well underway in following, it turns a back-somersault and there you are. It slaps you in the face, knocks you down, and tramples upon you. It is like a bad dream. The outside pattern is a florid arabesque, reminding one of a fungus. If you can imagine a toadstool in joints, an interminable string of toadstools, budding and sprouting in endless convolutions--why, that is something like it. That is, sometimes! There is one marked peculiarity about this paper, a thing nobody seems to notice but myself,and that is that it changes as the light changes. When the sun shoots in through the east window--I always watch for that first long, straight ray --it changes so quickly that I never can quite believe it. That is why I watch it always.

“You think you have mastered it, but just as you get well underway in following, it turns a back-somersault and there you are.

It slaps you in the face, knocks you down, and tramples upon you. It is like a bad dream.”

By moonlight--the moon shines in all night when there is a moon--I wouldn’t know it was the same paper. At night in any kind of light, in twilight, candle light, lamplight, and worst of all by moonlight, it becomes bars! The outside pattern I mean, and the woman behind it is as plain as can be. I didn’t realize for a long time what the thing was that showed behind, that dim sub-pattern, but now I am quite sure it is a woman. By daylight she is subdued, quiet. I fancy it is the pattern that keeps her so still. It is so puzzling. It keeps me quiet by the hour.

I lie down ever so much now. John says it is good for me, and to sleep all I can. Indeed he started the habit by making me lie down for an hour after each meal. It is a very bad habit I am convinced, for you see I don’t sleep. And that cultivates deceit, for I don’t tell them I’m awake--O no!

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California, 1892

The fact is I am getting a little afraid of John.

He seems very queer sometimes, and even Jennie has an inexplicable look. It strikes me occasionally, just as a scientific hypothesis,--that perhaps it is the paper! I have watched John when he did not know I was looking, and come into the room suddenly on the most innocent excuses, and I’ve caught him several times LOOKING AT THE PAPER! And Jennie too.

I caught Jennie with her hand on it once. She didn’t know I was in the room, and when I asked her in a quiet, a very quiet voice, with the most restrained manner possible, what she was doing with the paper --she turned around as if she had been caught stealing, and looked quite angry --asked me why I should frighten her so! Then she said that the paper stained everything it touched, that she had found yellow smooches on all my clothes and John’s, and she wished we would be more careful! Did not that sound innocent? But I know she was studying that pattern, and I am determined that nobody shall find it out but myself!

wall-paper--he would make fun of me. He might even want to take me away. I don’t want to leave now until I have found it out. There is a week more, and I think that will be enough.I’m feeling ever so much better!

I don’t sleep much at night, for it is so interesting to watch developments; but I sleep a good deal in the daytime. In the daytime it is tiresome and perplexing.

There are always new shoots on the fungus, and new shades of yellow all over it. I cannot keep count of them, though I have tried conscientiously.

It is the strangest yellow, that wall-paper! It makes me think of all the yellow things I ever saw--not beautiful ones like buttercups, but old foul, bad yellow things. But there is something else about that paper--the smell! I noticed it the moment we came into the room, but with so much air and sun it was not bad.

Now we have had a week of fog and rain, and whether the windows are open or not, the smell is here. It creeps all over the house. I find it hovering in the dining-room, skulking in the parlor, hiding in the hall, lying in wait for me on the stairs. It gets into my hair. Even when I go to ride, if I turn my head suddenly and surprise it--there is that smell! Such a peculiar odor, too!

I have spent hours in trying to analyze it, to find what it smelled like. It is not bad--at first, and very gentle, but quite the subtlest, most enduring odor I ever met.

In this damp weather it is awful, I wake up in the night and find it hanging over me. It used to disturb me at first.

I thought seriously of burning the house--to reach the smell. But now I am used to it. The only thing I can think of that it is like is the COLOR of the paper!

A yellow smell.

*** Life is very much more exciting now than it used to be. You see I have something more to expect, to look forward to, to watch. I really do eat better, and am more quiet than I was.

John is so pleased to see me improve! He laughed a little the other day, and said I seemed to be flourishing in spite of my wall-paper. I turned it off with a laugh.

I had no intention of telling him it was BECAUSE of the

There is a very funny mark on this wall, low down, near the mopboard. A streak that runs round the room.

It goes behind every piece of furniture, except the bed, a long, straight, even SMOOCH, as if it had been rubbed over and over. I wonder how it was done and who did it, and what they did it for. Round and round and round-round and round and round--it makes me dizzy! ***

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I really have discovered something at last.

It does not do to trust people too much.

Through watching so much at night, when it changes so, I have finally found out. The front pattern DOES move--and no wonder!

*** There are only two more days to get this paper off, and I believe John is beginning to notice. I don’t like the look in his eyes. And I heard him ask Jennie a lot of professional questions about me. She had a very good report to give. She said I slept a good deal in the daytime.

John knows I don’t sleep very well at night, for all I’m so quiet!

The woman behind shakes it!

Sometimes I think there are a great many women behind, and sometimes only one, and she crawls around fast, and her crawling shakes it all over.

He asked me all sorts of questions, too, and pretended to be very loving and kind. As if I couldn’t see through him!

Then in the very bright spots she keeps still, and in the very shady spots she just takes hold of the bars and shakes them hard. And she is all the time trying to climb through. But nobody could climb through that pattern-it strangles so; I think that is why it has so many heads.

They get through, and then the pattern strangles them off and turns them upside down, and makes their eyes white! If those heads were covered or taken off it would not be half so bad. I think that woman gets out in the daytime! And I’ll tell you why--privately--I’ve seen her! I can see her out of every one of my windows!

Still, I don’t wonder he acts so, sleeping under this paper for three months. It only interests me, but I feel sure John and Jennie are secretly affected by it. *** Hurrah! This is the last day, but it is enough. John is to stay in town over night, and won’t be out until this evening. Jennie wanted to sleep with me--the sly thing! but I told her I should undoubtedly rest better for a night all alone.

It is the same woman, I know, for she is always creeping, and most women do not creep by daylight. I see her on that long road under the trees, creeping along, and when a carriage comes she hides under the blackberry vines.

I don’t blame her a bit. It must be very humiliating to be caught creeping by daylight! I always lock the door when I creep by daylight. I can’t do it at night, for I know John would suspect something at once. And John is so queer now, that I don’t want to irritate him. I wish he would take another room! Besides, I don’t want anybody to get that woman out at night but myself. I often wonder if I could see her out of all the windows at once. But, turn as fast as I can, I can only see out of one at a time.

That was clever, for really I wasn’t alone a bit!

As soon as it was moonlight and that poor thing began to crawl and shake the pattern, I got up and ran to help her. I pulled and she shook, I shook and she pulled, and before morning we had peeled off yards of that paper. A strip about as high as my head and half around the room.

And then when the sun came and that awful pattern began to laugh at me, I declared I would finish it today! We go away tomorrow, and they are moving all my furniture down again to leave things as they were before.

Jennie looked at the wall in amazement, but I told her merrily that I did it out of pure spite at the vicious thing.

She laughed and said she wouldn’t mind doing it herself, but I must not get tired. How she betrayed herself that time! But I am here, and no person touches this paper but me--not ALIVE! She tried to get me out of the room --it was too patent! But I said it was so quiet and empty

And though I always see her, she MAY be able to creep faster than I can turn! I have watched her sometimes away off in the open country, creeping as fast as a cloud shadow in a high wind. If only that top pattern could be gotten off from the under one! I mean to try it, little by little. I have found out another funny thing, but I shan’t tell it this time!

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California, 1892

and clean now that I believed I would lie down again and sleep all I could; and not to wake me even for dinner--I would call when I woke. So now she is gone, and the servants are gone, and the things are gone, and there is nothing left but that great bedstead nailed down, with the canvas mattress we found on it. We shall sleep downstairs tonight, and take the boat home tomorrow. I quite enjoy the room, now it is bare again. How those children did tear about here! This bedstead is fairly gnawed! But I must get to work.

I have locked the door and thrown the key down into the front path. I don’t want to go out, and I don’t want to have anybody come in, till John comes.I want to astonish him.

I’ve got a rope up here that even Jennie did not find.

If that woman does get out, and tries to get away, I can tie her! But I forgot I could not reach far without anything to stand on!

This bed will NOT move! I tried to lift and push it until I was lame, and then I got so angry I bit off a little piece at one corner --but it hurt my teeth.

Then I peeled off all the paper I could reach standing on the floor. It sticks horribly and the pattern just enjoys it! All those strangled heads and bulbous eyes and waddling fungus growths just shriek with derision!

I am getting angry enough to do something desperate. To jump out of the window would be admirable exercise, but the bars are too strong even to try. Besides I wouldn’t do it. Of course not. I know well enough that a step like that is improper and might be misconstrued. I don’t like to LOOK out of the windows even-there are so many of those creeping women, and they creep so fast. I wonder if they all come out of that wall-paper as I did?

But I am securely fastened now by my well hidden rope--you don’t get ME out in the road there!

I suppose I shall have to get back behind the pattern when it comes night, and that is hard! It is so pleasant to be out in this great room and creep around as I please!

I don’t want to go outside. I won’t, even if Jennie asks me to. For outside you have to creep on the ground, and everything is green instead of yellow. But here I can creep smoothly on the floor, and my shoulder just fits in that long smooch around the wall, so I cannot lose my way.

Why there’s John at the door! It is no use, young man, you can’t open it! How he does call and pound! Now he’s crying for an axe.

It would be a shame to break down that beautiful door!

“John dear!’ said I in the gentlest voice, “the key is down by the front steps, under a plantain leaf!” That silenced him for a few moments. Then he said--very quietly indeed, “Open the door, my darling!”

“I can’t”, said I. “The key is down by the front door under a plantain leaf!” And then I said it again, several times, very gently and slowly, and said it so often that he had to go and see, and he got it of course, and came in. He stopped short by the door.

“What is the matter?” he cried. “For God’s sake, what are you doing!” I kept on creeping just the same, but I looked at him over my shoulder.

“I’ve got out at last,” said I, “in spite of you and Jane. And I’ve pulled off most of the paper, so you can’t put me back!” Now why should that man have fainted? But he did, and right across my path by the wall, so that I had to creep over him every time!

23

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at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at

Generation XX

last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!” last!”

“I’ve got out at last!”

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Generation XX

The people and the courts have spoken.

On their behalf, it has been voted that the King must be overthrown.

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Generation XX

The throne belongs to she who wears the crown. Stand down for your people and allow her to come forth.

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And so, God save the...

Generation XX

QUEEN.

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Washington, 1917

WE PROTEST AGAI FOUR WILFUL S HAVE DELAYED FREEDOM OF WO OBSTRUCTED THE OF THE PRESIDE LINED UP THE PRUSSIA BY THEIR GOVERNMENT TO 29

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INST THE THIRTYSENATORS WHO THE POLITICAL OMEN. THEY HAVE E WAR PROGRAM PRETTY ENT. THEY HAVE IN SENATE WITH PINK R DENIAL OF SELF O THE PEOPLE. IMAGES OF WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE

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The World, 1848-Present

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HAVE YOU CHECKED THE NEWS? A PIECE OUTLINING THE HISTORY OF WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE AND COMMEMORATING THE PROGRESS MADE IN REGARDS TO WOMEN WINNING THE RIGHT TO VOTE

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At the turn of the century, women reformers in the club movement and in the settlement house movement wanted to pass reform legislation.

However, many politicians were unwilling to listen to a disenfranchised group.

Thus, over time women began to realize that in order to

The initial women’s suffrage movement actually began in 1848, when a women’s rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York. The Seneca Falls meeting was not the first in support of women’s rights, but suffragists later viewed it as the meeting that launched the suffrage movement. For the next 50 years, woman suffrage supporters worked to educate the public about the validity of woman suffrage.

Under the leadership of Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and other women’s rights pioneers, suffragists circulated petitions and lobbied Congress to pass a constitutional amendment to enfranchise women.

In 1920, due to the combined efforts of the NAWSA and the NWP, the 19th Amendment, enfranchising women, was finally ratified. This victory is considered the most significant achievement of women in the Progressive Era. It was the single largest extension of democratic voting rights in our nation’s history, and it was achieved peacefully, through democratic processes.

The second group, the National Woman’s Party (NWP), under the leadership of Alice Paul, was a more militant organization. The NWP undertook radical actions, including picketing the White House, in order to convince Wilson and Congress to pass a woman suffrage amendment.

Amendment. In the 1910s, NAWSA’s membership numbered in the millions.

THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT

VOL. CLXVIII .... NO. 89,105

Finland: 1906 Finland, which was part of Russia at the time, adopted universal and equal suffrage in 1906, and women voted for the first time in the 1907 election. The legislation was spurred by a general strike related to the 1905 Russian Revolution. It granted women the right to vote and stand for election.

Here’s when women won the right to vote in 25 places around the world.

New Zealand: 1893 In 1893, New Zealand became the world’s first self-governing country to allow women to vote in parliamentary elections.

The legislation followed years of campaigning by people such as Kate Sheppard, who helmed the movement and now adorns the country’s $10 banknote.

Exercising our right to vote is a civil liberty we often take for granted.

In many places, universal suffrage is a relatively recent privilege.

Further, election officials

However, Native Americans weren’t allowed to vote until they were granted citizenship with the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, and many Asian Americans were not allowed to become citizens and vote until the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952.

Although some states enfranchised women before 1920 (in New Jersey, women could vote between 1776 and 1807), the 19th Amendment, which was passed that year, granted all female citizens in the US the right to vote.

social reformers such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton petitioned for Congress to pass a constitutional amendment for women’s enfranchisement. However, the movement focused mainly on white women; championing suffrage for women of color fell to women such as Ida B. Wells-Barnett.

WHEN WOMEN GOT THE RIGHT TO VOTE

THE WORLD, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 3, 2020

Canada: 1960 First Nation women won the right to vote in 1960 On the provincial level, some women in Canada

Egypt: 1956 Women won enfranchisement in Egypt in 1956.

Honduras: 1955 In Honduras, women won the right to vote in 1955.

The victory is commemorated with a celebration every year.

Mexico: 1953 Yucatan passed women’s enfranchisement in 1917.

Starting in 1947, all women in Mexico could participate in municipal elections.

They didn’t win the right to vote in national elections until 1953.

China: 1953 Women in China were first granted the right to vote in 1947 through the Constitution of the Republic of China but were not explicitly enfranchised until 1953.

Greece: 1952 Since 1952, women in Greece have had the right to vote in and run for parliamentary election.

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Oman: 1994 Oman instituted women’s suffrage in 1994, becom-

Iraq: 1980 Women in Iraq got the right to vote and run for office in 1980, but the government reduced some civil liberties during the Gulf War.

Switzerland: 1971 Swiss women won the right to vote in federal elections in 1971. By that year, most of Switzerland’s states had instituted women’s suffrage at the local level. However, a few didn’t allow women to vote in local elections until the late ‘80s, and the state of Appenzell Innerrhoden didn’t allow women to vote in local elections until 1991.

The Bahamas: 1962 Women in the Bahamas gained the right to vote from a bill that was passed in 1961 and went into effect in 1962.

In 1902, non-indigenous women won the right to vote on the federal level with the passing of the Commonwealth Franchise Act. Indigenous Australians didn’t get the federal right to vote until 1962.

THIS IS FREE INFORMATION

The Generation XX Press

Generation XX

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In the 20th century leadership of the suffrage movement passed to two organizations. The first, the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), under the leadership of Carrie Chapman Catt, was a moderate organization. The NAWSA undertook campaigns to enfranchise women in individual states, and simultaneously lobbied President Wilson and Congress to pass a woman suffrage Constitutional

ALICE PAUL 1885-1977

achieve reform, they needed to win the right to vote. For these reasons, at the turn of the century, the woman suffrage movement became a mass movement.

United States: 1920 The first conference addressing the US women’s suffrage movement was the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention. Following the groundbreaking meeting,

United Kingdom: 1918 Women in the United Kingdom first gained suffrage in 1918 through the Representation of the People bill, which allowed women 30 and older and men 21 and older to vote.

However, women needed to be married or join the local government register.

Ten years later, all British citizens 21 and up gained the right to vote. The voting age is now 18.

Germany: 1918 German women could vote and run for election starting in 1918.

Russia: 1917 Following after a massive demonstration in Petrograd in 1917, women in Russia won the right to vote. They were also able to hold public office.

Iceland: 1915 Icelandic women over 40 gained the right to vote in 1915. The country lowered the age restriction to 25 in 1920, matching the men’s.

Today, the voting age is 18.

Denmark: 1915 In Denmark, women could participate in local elections starting in 1908. By 1915, Danish women could also vote in national elections.

India: 1947 After becoming a republic in 1947, India granted women the right to vote.

Japan: 1945 Japanese women got the right to vote in 1945 thanks in part to Lt. Ethel Weed, an American officer who advocated for civil code reform during the postWorld War II Allied occupation of Japan.

France: 1944 In France, women became enfranchised through legislation passed in 1944.

French women were able to vote the following year in the nation’s first general election held after German occupation.

Turkey: 1934 Beginning in 1930, women in Turkey could vote and run for local office. Legislation passed in 1934 that expanded women’s voting rights to national parliamentary elections.

Brazil: 1932 Women were allowed to vote in Brazil in 1932, but it wasn’t until 1945 that voting was mandatory for men and women.

often kept people of color from voting with literacy tests, poll taxes, and intimidation. In 1965, then-President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act into law, which made such tactics illegal but did not end them.

Saudi Arabia: 2015 Saudi Arabia is the most recent country to grant women enfranchisement.

Starting in 2015, Saudi women could vote and run for office.

ing the first Gulf Cooperation Council state where women won the right to vote. Only a select number of citizens were initially given the rights, but Oman made suffrage universal in 2003.

FINNISH WOMAN PLACING HER BALLOT INTO THE VOTING BOX 1906

Non-indigenous women in Australia got the right to vote beginning in 1895, when the state of South Australia passed colony and state-wide suffrage, in addition to the right to stand for parliament. In 1899, state suffrage expanded to Western Australia.

Australia: 1962 Indigenous Australians won the right to vote in 1962.

could vote beginning in 1916. Suffrage expanded to the federal level over the next few years: In 1917 nurses and women in the armed forces could vote, then women whose fathers, husbands, or sons were serving overseas. In 1918 legislation passed expanding suffrage to female citizens excluding Asian-Canadian women and First Nation women, who did not win the right to vote until the 1940s and 1960, respectively.

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The The The The The The The The The The The The

Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation 34

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Press Press Press Press Press Press Press Press Press Press Press Press

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HOW TO MAKE THE PERFECT MARTINI THE PERFECT THIRST QUENCHER AFTER A LONG DAY OF PROTESTING!

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Step 1: Fill your shaker with two handfuls of ice cold prejudice Step 2: Add a shot of resilience Step 3: Then add a splash of intelligence Step 4: Stir with a good sense of self Step 5: Garnish by waving your olive branch over the glass before serving

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A

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“WE MUST HELP LIFT EACH OTHER ABOVE THE FLAMES.”

- Amanda Lovelace The Witch Doesn’t Burn in This One

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And so my darling, Welcome to the,

Generation XX

COVEN.

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COVEN RULE #4 41

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“KNOW THAT ANGER HAS ITS LIMITS & ACT ACCORDINGLY.” -Amanda Lovelace

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Beijing, 1995

Generation XX

A GENERATIONAL ISSUE? TWO SPEECHES MADE AT THE UN BY TWO POWERFUL WOMEN 17 YEARS APART HILARY CLINTON (1995) AND EMMA WATSON (2014)

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New York, 2014

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Today we are launching a campaign called for He For She. I am reaching out to you because we need your help. We want to end gender inequality, and to do this, we need everyone involved. This is the first campaign of its kind at the UN. We want to try to mobilize as many men and boys as possible to be advocates for change.

And, we don’t just want to talk about it. We want to try and make sure that it’s tangible.

I was appointed as Goodwill Ambassador for UN Women six months ago. And, the more I spoke about feminism, the more I realized that fighting for women’s rights has too often become synonymous with man hating. If there is one thing I know for certain, it is that this has to stop. For the record, feminism by definition is the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities. It is the theory of political, economic and social equality of the sexes.

WOMEN’S RIGHTS ARE HUMAN RIGHTS

I started questioning gender-based assumptions a long time ago. When I was 8, I was confused for being called bossy because I wanted to direct the plays that we would put on for our parents, but the boys were not. When at 14, I started to be sexualized by certain elements of the media. When at 15, my girlfriends started dropping out of sports teams because they didn’t want to appear muscly. When at 18, my male friends were unable to express their feelings.

I decided that I was a feminist, and this seemed uncomplicated to me. But my recent research has shown me that feminism has become an unpopular word. Women are choosing not to identify as feminists.

Apparently, I’m among the ranks of women whose expressions are seen as too strong, too aggressive, isolating, and anti-men. Unattractive, even.

Why has the word become such an uncomfortable one? I am from Britain, and I think it is right I am paid the same as my male counterparts. I think it is right that I should be able to make decisions about my own body.

I think it is right that women be involved on my behalf in the policies and decisions that will affect my life.

I think it is right that socially, I am afforded the same respect as men.

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Beijing, 1995

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HILLARY CLINTON (1995)

for me the most was that less than thirty percent of the audience were male. How can we effect change in the world when only half of it is invited or feel welcome to participate in the conversation?

But sadly, I can say that there is no one country in the world where all women can expect to see these rights.

No country in the world can yet say that they achieved gender equality. These rights, I consider to be human rights, but I am one of the lucky ones.

Men, I would like to take this opportunity to extend your formal invitation. Gender equality is your issue, too. Because to date, I’ve seen my father’s role as a parent being valued less by society, despite my need of his presence as a child, as much as my mother’s.

I’ve seen young men suffering from mental illness, unable to ask for help for fear it would make them less of a man. In fact, in the UK, suicide is the biggest killer of men between 20 to 49, eclipsing road accidents, cancer and coronary heart disease. I’ve seen men made fragile and insecure by a distorted sense of what constitutes male success. Men don’t have the benefits of equality, either.

My life is a sheer privilege because my parents didn’t love me less because I was born a daughter. My school did not limit me because I was a girl. My mentors didn’t assume that I would go less far because I might give birth to a child one day. These influences were the gender equality ambassadors that made me who I am today.

They may not know it, but they are the inadvertent feminists that are changing the world today.

We need more of those.

And if you still hate the word, it is not the word that is important. It’s the idea and the ambition behind it, because not all women have received the same rights I have. In fact, statistically, very few have.

We don’t often talk about men being imprisoned by gender stereotypes, but I can see that they are, and that when they are free, things will change for women as a natural consequence. If men don’t have to be aggressive in order to be accepted, women won’t feel compelled to be submissive. If men don’t have to control,

In 1997, Hillary Clinton made a famous speech in Beijing about women’s rights. Sadly, many of the things that she wanted to change are still true today. But what stood out 45

New York, 2014

Generation XX

“How can we effect change in the world when only half of it is invited or feel welcome to participate in the conversation?

Men, I would like to take this opportunity to extend your formal invitation.” women won’t have to be controlled.

Both men and women should feel free to be sensitive.

Both men and women should feel free to be strong. It is time that we all perceive gender on a spectrum, instead of two sets of opposing ideals. If we stop defining each other by what we are not, and start defining ourselves by who we are, we can all be freer, and this is what HeForShe is about. It’s about freedom.

and women to do nothing.”

In my nervousness for this speech and in my moments of doubt, I told myself firmly, “If not me, who? If not now, when?” If you have similar doubts when opportunities are presented to you, I hope those words will be helpful. Because the reality is that if we do nothing, it will take seventy-five years, or for me to be nearly 100, before women can expect to be paid the same as men for the same work. 15.5 million girls will be married in the next 16 years as children. And at current rates, it won’t be until 2086 before all rural African girls can have a secondary education.

I want men to take up this mantle so that their daughters, sisters, and mothers can be free from prejudice, but also so that their sons have permission to be vulnerable and human too, reclaim those parts of themselves they abandoned, and in doing so, be a more true and complete version of themselves.

If you believe in equality, you might be one of those inadvertent feminists that I spoke of earlier, and for this, I applaud you. We are struggling for a uniting word, but the good news is, we have a uniting movement. It is called HeForShe. I invite you to step forward, to be seen and to ask yourself,

You might be thinking, “Who is this Harry Potter girl, and what is she doing speaking at the UN?” And, it’s a really good question. I’ve been asking myself the same thing. All I know is that I care about this problem, and I want to make it better. And, having seen what I’ve seen, and given the chance, I feel it is my responsibility to say something. Statesman Edmund Burke said, “All that is needed for the forces of evil to triumph is for good men

“If not me, who? If not now, when?”

Thank you very, very much.

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HOT TIPS THAT TIME OF THE MONTH?

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STEP 1: Do not be ashamed of your completely NATURAL bodily functions.

STEP 2: Do not apologise to ANYONE for your body.

STEP 3: Know that you can do everything they can do, bleeding.

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LET’S Generation XX

SEX!

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TALK

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SO YOU CAN CONTINUE TO KEEP QUIET ABOUT IT! 52

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EMBARRASSING SEX STORIES! AKA TRAGEDIES WE AS A SOCIETY SHOULD BE EMBARRASSED ABOUT - AS THESE STILL HAPPEN EVERY DAY

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The

World, 2018

Every 73 seconds a American is sexually assaulted. On average, there are 433,648 victims (age 12 or older) of rape and sexual assault each year in the United States.

Generation XX

Almost one in three Australian women have experienced physical violence, and nearly one in five have endured sexual violence, according to the most recent Australian Bureau of Statistics figures.

25% of women and 6.5% of men with disability have experienced sexual violence in Australia

Women who experienced sexual violence were most likely to experience it from a previous cohabiting partner (4.5% of women) or a boyfriend/ girlfriend or date (4.3% of women).

Domestic violence is more common. On average, one woman per week is murdered in Australia by a current or former male partner.

Almost two thirds (62%) of students and graduates have experienced sexual violence at UK universities finds Revolt Sexual Assault, in partnership with The Student Room. Only 10% of respondents reported their experiences of sexual violence to either the university or the police. When asked why, 56% of students were convinced it ‘wasn’t serious enough’. 35% felt too ashamed.

29% did not even know how to make a report to the university.

India was named as the world’s most dangerous country for women in a survey of global experts released in 2018, more than five years after the rape and murder of a student on a bus in Delhi sparked national outrage and government pledges to tackle the issue.

India ranked as the most dangerous on three issues - the risks women face from sexual violence and harassment, from cultural and traditional practices, and from human trafficking including forced labour, sex slaveryand domestic servitude.

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OROSCOPES BECAUSE APPARENTLY IF YOU’RE A GIRL YOU’RE SUPPOSED TO GIVE A F*CK ABOUT THESE

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OMG! HAVE YOU CHECKED YOUR HOROSCOPE? ANNE BOLEYN

EMMELINE PANKHURST

ANNE FRANK

ARIES

Got matters on the home front to clear up? A cosmic tailwind comes on Tuesday, when Mercury drops into Cancer and your fourth house of domesticity and privacy. As they say, watch out for your head!

LEO

Leo, you are a natural born leader and now is the time to let those skills flourish into something beautiful. You know you have every capability to pursue your dreams, gather your troops and start marching!

SAGITTARIUS

Sagittarius, you are an active and outgoing sign but this week needs to be reserved for internal reflection. If you are struggling with any feelings of isolation, try writing down your thoughts and experiences and I can promise you from this you will teach many with the wisdom you gain.

QUEEN ELIZABETH I

AMELIA EARHART

GERMAINE GREER

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TAURUS

Questions? There are so many of them left unanswered right now…in your life, in the world.

The current retrograde will bring a new way of thinking to light, back yourself and don’t let anyone question your authority.

VIRGO

Friday’s quarter moon in your sign marks a beautiful turning point in your life Virgo. You are resilient and determined and we all know, out of all the signs you know how to hustle, so don’t fret, let your dreams take flight!

CAPRICORN

Feel like your thoughts and opinions won’t be accepted?

Mercury is in retrograde which means this is your week to realise that you are an intellectual and you will only gain respect from voicing your wisdom. You can truly change the world if you believe in yourself!

Generation XX

CATHERINE THE GREAT

JANE AUSTEN

GEMINI

CANCER

Gemini, this week is all about having faith in yourself and your abilities. With Mercury transitioning into Cancer, issues will be coming to a head but you can handle it and you will go far. If you want the throne, it is yours to take!

LIBRA

You’ll have no trouble finding the right words to express yourself starting Thursday, when messenger Mercury pays its annual respects to Cancer.

Don’t doubt yourself this week, let your creative juices flow, you will be rewarded for it!

FRIDA KAHLO

Feeling regretful or like your world has been turned upside down by an event in your life?

This is the perfect avenue for you to express your creativity and manifest beautiful things into your physical realm. Libra you are sensitive and in tune, harness this over the next week.

SCORPIO

MAYA ANGELOU

PISCES

EMMA WATSON

You’ll find it hard to contain your thoughts this week, so don’t even bother trying to rein yourself in! Your ability to communicate is at an all time high this week, and people deserve to hear the knowledge you want to share, don’t waste this opportunity.

HILARY CLINAQUARIUS TON Aquarius! What an exciting week you have coming up! This is your time to come out of your shell and to be bold. There could be an opportunity for this on Tuesday so don’t feel afraid to rise to the occasion. PS. Pink is your colour this week, wear it proudly!

Pisces, you sometimes doubt your abilities but this week is the time to let your talents and passions shine in the limelight.

If there is an opportunity to speak up this week, take it! You will not regret it and you will pave the way for people to come.

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And so together, we...

MARCH.

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Equality noun 1. The state of being equal, especially in status, rights or opportunities.

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“An organisation aiming to promote gender equality.�

Similar: equitability, justness, fairness, impartiality 68

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WHY WE LOVE MEN ARTICLE WRITTEN FOR ‘THE GOOD MEN PROJECT’

BY CHRISTY WILLIAMS (2018)

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There has been a lot of focus lately on the less-than-stellar behaviour of some men in our society. There’s been a lot of talk about toxic masculinity, fragile masculinity, and some men not understanding what consent actually means. I love that we are having these conversations, because they are clearly needed— and having open and honest conversations is how we will all learn and grow from what our society has been experiencing lately.

But I want to take a breather from it all.

I want to celebrate men for a moment.

And I want to tell you the things that I love about you.

Some of them are admittedly superficial, but I think we need some more light-heartedness right now. At least I do. Some of them are much more important—because I want you to know that I see you and I hear you. And some of them are simply to make you laugh.

Because I think we all need a little more of that in our lives.

Here are my 7 things I love about men:

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1. Your forearms I apologise right up front for starting with a body part. I will admit that this is one of the most superficial things I love about you. And if I were talking about other parts that are routinely objectified, I would feel worse. But honestly, your forearms are probably the second thing I notice about you. (We’ll get to the first one later.) Here is why I love your forearms: Not only are they aesthetically beautiful, but they show me your strength. I love the veins running the length of them, that have me picturing you holding a hammer and fixing something— or gently holding a newborn baby.

Your forearms do it for me every time.

2. Your involvement as dads I am surrounded by amazing dads, and the level of involvement you have in your children’s lives is beautiful. You are in the delivery rooms now, changing diapers, and getting up for midnight feedings.

You volunteer at school, coach your son’s baseball team, and go to the beauty supply store to buy black lipstick for your daughter’s dance performance the next day - and then good-naturedly take the ribbing when the lipstick ends up looking more purplish

than black. You want more time with your kids in custody arrangements, or finally break down and buy a trampoline—just so your kids and their friends will want to hang out at your house instead of someone else’s. You make dad jokes, even when you know that everyone is going to roll their eyes.

And when you reach the tougher parenting years that bring up bigger issues, you admit that you have no idea what to do…but you still want to learn.

3. Your desire to get everything right When there are too many balls in the air, we are all going to drop one at some point. Or at many points. Many times a day.

But you want to get it right, and you do everything in your power to do so.

I see your desire to get everything right— and your frustration when you don’t.

We’re all there with you. Thanks for not giving up.

4. Your commitment to being a provider This is one that impresses me every single day. Men are raised with the expectation that they will provide for their families.

I hate that this burden is felt so much more strongly by men than women as we are growing up. I would love for everyone to feel like they can pursue work that fulfills

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Christmas tree to the mulching site because you have a truck. You snow-blow the whole cul-de-sac because you are already out there. And you make chocolate chip cookies for someone you just met, because they have a long drive in front of them.

their soul—and not just the financial burdens of a family.

But oh, how I admire that commitment. You work hard for your families, and while kids might not recognise it, I do. I see the food that you are putting on the table, the roof you put over your family’s heads, and all those expensive activities you pay for. Women are contributing more than ever, but your unwavering commitment to be that provider is awe-inspiring and admirable.

5. Your willingness to kill the spider Seriously. I’ve killed spiders in my time, but I absolutely love when you are around to do it for me.

I am one of the most feminist people I know, but I love you when you don’t make me feel bad about not wanting to kill the spider. And I especially love when you come to my house in the middle of a football game, kill the biggest spider I’ve ever seen in my life, and then put it in a baggie and take it home to throw away in your garbage—so I don’t have to think coming back to life and crawling out of mine. Heroes come in all forms.

6. Your heart You have the biggest heart, and I love how you share it with so many. You feed your father-in-law ice chips when he’s in the hospital. You help any and all of your friends move as soon as they ask. You take your neighbour’s

You might not always show us your emotions. But you show us your heart in a million ways every day.

7. Your eyes This is the first thing I notice about you, every time.

And they are beautiful. I have dated men with brown eyes that I could drown in, green eyes that turn blue in different light, and the bluest eyes I have ever seen— and that seemed to see straight through me. Your eyes show me everything I need to know about you, and I love everything I see. I see your heart, your pain, your desire to love and to be loved, your determination, and your soul.

Thank you for letting me see it all through those windows to your soul.

I feel like this list could go on and on. But I hope that it’s a start. A start to you, as men, feeling seen and heard and acknowledged.

Thank you for being you.

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What do smart women make for dinner?

RESERVATIONS.

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- Sincerely, the new aged woman 74

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SO, WHAT’S THE GENERAL CONSENSUS ON FEMINISM? DATA VISUALISATION OF A SURVEY ASKING HOW PEOPLE FEEL WHEN THINKING ABOUT THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT ARTICLE WRITTEN BY ROBERTA GUERRINA (2018)

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Fourth Wave, 2020

The last article for this issue of Generation XX, yes, you made it. After traveling through time we have made it to the final piece which will act as a ribbon to tie this publication together, completed with a pretty little bow.

Look, I wish that I could honestly tell you that was the truth and that this is it and that the mission behind the Feminist movement has been achieved, but even though this might not be the case, don’t be discouraged.

The progress that has been made throughout history has been immense, which can be seen in the data visualisation on the following spread and is reiterated

by Roberta Guerrina’s article. We might not be out of the woods yet, but we are on our way.

So, thank you for following this journey and tracking the migration society has made from simple times and simple minds, to a better future.

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“Pay homage to the ach of feminist activism w there is plenty more w a more inclusive a As we mark the centenary of women’s votes in the UK, it’s important to reflect both on the achievements of the women’s rights movements as well as the work that remains to be done. Despite the progress of the past 100 years, recent events, such as the Presidents Club scandal, highlight the deeply rooted nature of gender inequalities in modern society.

extended to all men, it was only given to women over the age of 30 who owned property. By establishing a higher threshold for membership of this community, the law ultimately reinforced women’s status as second class citizens. Women would have to wait another ten years before achieving equal status with men, when parliament ratified the 1928 Equal Franchise Act. A new focus, an old problem.

The gender pay gap persists and we’ve only recently come to talk about the pervasiveness of sexual harassment. It’s clear that to achieve meaningful equality there needs to be a fundamental shift in the way society views women’s contribution to politics and the economy. Recognising that society and the economy are, themselves, gendered is a starting point – as is acknowledging that different women have different experiences. This is the challenge for women’s rights activists in the 21st century: opening a space for dialogue, cohesion and solidarity through difference, where a diverse range of voices are provided equal status and legitimacy.

The past century has seen the introduction of a number of legislative changes aimed at improving women’s position and standing in society, politics and the economy. It should not be assumed, however, that there have not been significant bumps in the road. Progress has been slow and continues to be rather uneven.

The end of World War II was a critical moment in the history of women’s participation in the political and economic life of the country. As a result of women’s contribution to the war effort, the public became more aware of women’s participation in the labour market. This helped to bolster the emergence of a transnational second wave feminist movement in the aftermath of the war.

The anniversary of the 1918 milestone is the perfect moment to think about this. After all, only some women were given the right to vote back then. Gaining the right to vote represents entry into a political community; it’s supposed to pave the way to equal citizenship rights. Yet, in February 1918, while the vote was

Key demands of this movement were equal pay, equal treatment, maternity rights and reproductive

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hievements of 100 years while recognising that work to do to achieve and equal society.” rights. So in 100 years the debate has shifted to reflect women’s changing roles and expectations of society.

From fighting for women’s right to vote, we now talk about women on boards and extending parental leave to serving members of parliament.

women receive when engaging in political debate needs to become a marker for democracy.

Forward together The road ahead is therefore still long. Our starting point now needs to be that gender is a process, not a variable. It interacts with other structures of power, such as class and race, to hold women back. This is a more useful way to understand the challenges facing women’s rights activists in the 21st century.

But while the focus of debates has changed, gender continues to be a structure of power that underpins both society and the economy. Women remain largely underrepresented in the British parliament and in other positions of power. Focusing simply on access – that is, legal equality – has achieved some change, but has not resulted in a more equal society. Arguably, this approach has failed to address how gender, as a structure of power, shapes every aspect of life.

Inter-sectional feminism provides an important opening for this and future discussions. By recognising race, class, gender, sexuality, disability and legal status as “interlocking systems of oppression”, we can think about what is required to build a more inclusive society based on the principle of solidarity.

The persistence of the gender pay gap shows that gender equality policies are not enough to address how the labour market is actually structured. Gender segregation of the labour market, coupled with women’s care burden, continue to result in unequal outcomes and reproduce gender inequalities, despite the good will of governments.

In order to achieve lasting change, women’s rights activism has to promote a form of representation that focuses women’s multiple voices. Perhaps most importantly, it has to be based on a politics of solidarity between individuals and communities with diverse experiences. It has to pay homage to the achievements of 100 years of feminist activism while recognising that there is plenty more work to do to achieve a more inclusive and equal society.

Meanwhile, recent surveys have found that women MPs are regularly subjected to online abuse and threats – and the situation is significantly worse for black and minority women MPs. Addressing the widespread abuse

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Until next time: misogynists “Shine so bright the men think you’re guiding them into the after life.

- you are invincible”

- Amanda Lovelace

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Clinton, H. (1995, September 5). FIRST LADY HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON REMARKS FOR THE UNITED NATIONS FOURTH WORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.un.org/esa/gopher-data/ conf/fwcw/conf/gov/950905175653.txt Gilman, C. P., & Vaseghi, S. (2016). The Yellow Wallpaper (Wisehouse Classics - First 1892 Edition, with the Original Illustrations by Joseph Henry Hatfield) (2016 ed.). California, America: Wisehouse Classics.

Guerrina, R. (2018, February 5). Hundred years of votes for women: how far we’ve come and how far there’s still to go. Retrieved June 5, 2020, from https://theconversation.com/hundred-years-of-votes-for-women-how-far-wevecome-and-how-far-theres-still-to-go-91169 Linder, D. O. (2010, February 12). THE SALEM WITCHCRAFT TRIALS: ARREST WARRANT FOR ELIZABETH PROCTOR. Retrieved May 17, 2020, from http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/ASAL_WA.HTM Lovelace, A. (2018). The Witch Doesn’t Burn in This One. Kansas City, Missouri: Andrews McMeel Publishing.

Miller, Z. (2020, March 8). When women got the right to vote in 25 places around the world. Retrieved June 2, 2020, from https://www.insider.com/when-women-around-the-world-got-the-right-to-vote-2019-2 National Women’s History Museum. (n.d.). The Woman Suffrage Movement. Retrieved June 2, 2020, from https:// www.womenshistory.org/resources/general/woman-suffrage-movement Petter, O. (2019, June 15). SPICE UP YOUR FASHION LIFE: HOW TO GET THE SPICE GIRLS LOOK. Retrieved June 7, 2020, from https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/fashion/spice-girls-fashion-90s-how-to-get-thelook-a8957686.html Rape & Domestic Violence Services Australia. (2019, November). Statistics about sexual assault and domestic and family violence in…. Retrieved May 29, 2020, from https://www.rape-dvservices.org.au/resources/statistics-research/statistics-about-sexual-assault-and-domestic-and-family-violence-in-australia The Straits Times. (2018, June 26). Which are the world’s 10 most dangerous countries for women? Retrieved May 29, 2020, from https://www.straitstimes.com/world/which-are-the-worlds-10-most-dangerous-countries-for-women Watson, E. (2014, September 20). Full Transcript of Emma Watson’s Speech on Gender Equality at the UN. Retrieved May 23, 2020, from http://ekladata.com/_oedgeUz1KhcmyRe5LgNBmlWwPU/Full-Transcript-of-Emma-Watson.pdf Wentzel, V., & Ravis, K. (1959). Vienna [Photograph]. In The National Geographic (p. 192).

Williams, C. (2018, October 1). 7 Things I Love About Men. Retrieved June 5, 2020, from https://goodmenproject. com/featured-content/7-things-i-love-about-men-chwm/

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