Emily Lim Li Yi 1
Table of Contents Part of speech
Grammar Lessons
Pages
1
Table of Contents
-
2
Introduction
1
3
Nouns
2-4
4
Pronouns
5–7
5
Verbs
8–9
6
Adverbs
10 – 11
7
Modal Verbs
12 – 13
8
Articles
14 – 15
9
Adjectives
16 – 19
10
Preposition
20 – 21
11
Conjunction
22 – 23
12
Interjection
24 – 25
13
References
-
14
Appendix
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Introduction A message from the authors: Do you find yourself clueless when come to teaching grammar? Need help overcoming the problem and find solutions that can help you achieve your learning outcome? Now, you have found a good resource which is ready to help you! We aimed to help all the English teachers succeed in teaching grammar. Therefore, we have came out with this E-book which would be useful to you when you are planning your grammar lessons.
This book has covered ten essential grammar lessons which include Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adverbs, Modal Verbs, Articles, Adjectives, Preposition, Conjunction and Interjection. It would l be a good source of reference when teachers need to introduce their learners about Part of Speech. A library of engaging learning activities were included in this book. Perhaps, you can apply them selectively , adopt and adapt them into your lessons and thus, make learning fun and educational. 1
Nouns A noun is a word that names a person, place or thing.
Type of nouns ❖ Proper noun ❖ Common noun ✓ Concrete noun ✓ Abstract noun ✓ Collective noun ✓ Compound noun ✓ Non-countable noun ✓ Gender specific noun ✓ Gerund ✓ Verbal noun 2
Common Nouns A Common noun names for a class of person, place or thing. Common nouns are capitalized only when they start a sentence. Example: I went to the bookstore. I bought a book. It was for my sister. She love reading storybook.
Learning Objective: ✓ Students should be able to recognize what is common nouns and how to use a proper noun in a sentences.
Suggested Activity: ❖ Make a competition in the classroom. Within 10 minutes and who finishes the task first wins. ❖ Students need to form a group with at least 3 members. ❖ Ask the students to look around the classroom for minimum 10 nouns. ❖ With the 10 nouns identified, they are required to make a sentence out of each nouns. 3
Proper Nouns A proper noun is the name of a person, place or thing, It always starts with a capital letter. Example: I studied in Taylor’s Lakeside. It is located in Bandar Sunway. There I’ve met Emily. She comes from Johor.
Learning Objective:
✓ Students are able to recognize proper nouns (start with capital letter) and able to use it properly.
Suggested Activity: ❖ Introduce the students a paragraph with a few proper nouns on the board. ❖ Instead of starting the proper noun with capital letter , it begins with small letter ❖ Exp: My name is sarah and I am from klang. ❖ Ask the students to circle the mistakes. ❖ Tell them to rewrite the sentences with the correct answers. 4
Pronouns What is a pronouns? â?– A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun or a noun phase. â?– There are varies type of pronouns: Personal pronouns
I, You, We, They, He, She , It
Possessive pronouns
My, your, his , her, its, our, their, mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs Myself, yourself, themselves, herself, himself This, these, that, those Who, whose, what, which Anybody, all, etc.
Reflexive pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns Interrogative pronouns Indefinite pronouns Relative pronouns
Who, whom, whose, which, where, that
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Personal Pronouns Some personal pronouns are used as subjects (I, you, we, they, he, she, it)
Example : ✓ You are the brightest student in the class.
Some personal pronouns are also used as objects (me, you, us, them, him, her, it)
Example: ✓ Our friends invited us to their new house.
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Personal pronouns Learning Objective: ✓ students will be able to use the correct personal pronouns and have fun learning with board game at the same time.
Suggested Activity: Board Game Instructions: Step 1: Students will need to firm a group of 3 to 4 members. Step 2: A printable board game ,dice , tokens, and an envelope containing questions will be provided to every group. Step 3: Every member will need to roll the dice to decide who goes first (the biggest number will go first, then follow by the smaller number). Step 4: Students will need to select the different envelope. Step 5: Every person need to answer a question from the envelope whenever they stop. Step 6: The game will end until there is only one person left in the game. 7
Verbs A verb is often known as “action verbs” and use to describe an action, state, or occurrence Verbs can be classified as: ❖ Main Verbs or Lexical Verbs ✓ Have meaning on their own ✓ Can stand on their own in sentences ✓ Exp: brush, read, study and etc. ▪ Jimin bakes cookies for Emily.
❖ Auxiliary Verbs or Helping verbs ✓ Have no meaning on their own ✓ Pair up with main verbs to make meaningful sentence. ✓ Exp: is, do, may, and etc. ▪ Joon is writing his notes now.
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Verbs Learning Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. Identify different kind of verbs. 2. Build a sentence using verbs.
Suggested Activity: “Continue The Story!” Steps: ❖ Prepare a bag with verb cards. Form a circle. The teacher begins by picking a verb card from the bag and form a sentence with the verb. ❖ The bag will be passed to the next student in the circle who will pick a card, repeat the teacher’s sentence, and form another sentence that contains the verb on his/her card. ❖ The game continues with more sentences that need to be repeated (the students will need to memorise the previous sentences that shared by the other students) ❖ The goal is for students to use verbs to make meaningful sentences while connecting them to the other people’s sentences to form a story.
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Adverbs Adverb are words that describes a verb, adjective, and another adverb. They explain how, where, and where.
How Easily Happily Loudly Quickly Quietly Sadly Silently Slowly
When
Where
After Before Early Now Since Soon Today Yesterday
Away Everywhere Here Home Inside Near Outside There
Verb: He walk slowly. Adjective: My house cat is very fat. Adverb: The lecturer spoke very clearly . 10
Adverbs Learning Objective: ✓ Students should be able to recognize and use adverb properly in a sentences. Suggested Activity:
“Lets act!” ❖ To start this game, teacher you will need to come up with a list of about ten verbs that represent actions on the board. ❖ For example, you can use: - Walk - Read - Talk - Write - Laugh - Spin - Jump - Clap - Chew - Sit ❖ On each round, make sure to add an adverb to the verb, and students are require to act it out. ❖ Exp: o First round, Walk…. Slowly ! o Students are then expected to walk slowly. o Second round, Talk….. Loudly ! o Students are then expected to talk loudly. 11
Modal Verbs Modal verbs are the modal auxiliaries that expressed possibilities and necessities Can, cannot , may, may not, should, should
not, must, must not, ought to, could, shall, would, dare, need, etc. For expressing ability ,inability, permissions, prohibition, possibility, desirable , undesirable actions, obligation ,etc.
Example : ✓ May and may not for permissions or prohibition.
expressing
E.g.: - You may go to the bathroom now. - You may not watch television for an hour.
✓ May, can, could, shall, should to make offers, requests and suggestions E.g. - Could you show me where is the office?
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Modal Verbs Learning Objective: ✓ Learners will be able to use modal verbs in their daily conversations.
Suggested Activity: Conversation with their classmates involving modal verbs. Instructions: 1. Students will need to pair up with their classmates. 2. Each and every one will need to discuss with their partner to come out with a conversation script. 3. The conversation script must include at least 5 modal verbs. 4. Every group will need to share the conversation script with others. Example: ✓ First person: Good morning, may I ask you a question regrading the coming event? ✓ Second person: Oh sure, I think we should discuss it as soon as possible because the event is around the corner.
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Articles Articles are words that used to introduce a noun. Articles can be divided into 2 parts: ❖ Definite Articles ✓ “The” ✓ Used for something there is only one, or specific. ✓ Exp: The Sun, The Earth, Jin is the student leader of Taylor’s University.
❖ Indefinite Articles ✓ “A” and “An” ✓ “An” is used before words that begin with a vowel sound. ▪ Exp: An octopus, An orange ✓ “A” is used before words that begin with a consonant sound. ▪ Exp: A phone, A laptop 14
Articles Learning Objectives: Students are able to: ✓ learn Articles (a, an and the) by participating in an activity which involves listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. ✓ acquire the knowledge of articles and be able to practise them in real situation.
Suggested Activity: Build a Chain Story: Steps: ❖ The first person starts to build a sentence consisting at least an article in the sentence. ❖ The second person will continue to build a sentence consisting at least an article with the noun from the previous sentence and same goes with the 3rd and the rest of the groups. ❖ Exp: 1st- I have an uncle. 2nd- My uncle is an engineer in a big factory. 3rd - There is a tree beside the big factory. 4th - An owl is perching on the tree. ❖ Share their story to other teams.
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Adjectives Adjectives are used to describe nouns, pronouns and other adjectives Types of Adjectives: ❖ Descriptive ✓ to describe nouns and pronouns. ❖ Quantitative ✓ To describe the quantities of objects. ❖ Demonstrative ✓ To describe “which” noun or pronoun you’re referring to. ❖ Possessive ✓ To show “possession.” They describe to whom a thing belongs. ❖ Interrogative ✓ To modify nouns found in the questions. – which, what, whose ❖ Distributive ✓ To describe specific members out of a group. – each, every, either
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Descriptive Adjectives Adjectives Descriptive Adjectives are used to describe the quality of nouns and pronouns
Usage: ❖ To express the size, colour, or shape and appearance of a person, a thing, an animal, or a place.
Examples: ❖ For size: ✓ Jungkook bought a large house in my neighbourhood. ❖ For people: ✓ He has a pair of beautiful eyes. ❖ For colour: ✓ Elsa’s phone is pink in colour. 17
Descriptive Adjectives Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to: 1. List 10 descriptive adjectives. 2. Use adjectives to describe the given theme.
Suggested Activity Part 1 : “Meaningful Words” Steps: ❖ Divide the learners into several groups ❖ Each group will be given a theme (people, places, objects, animals) ❖ They are required to come out with at least 10 adjectives to describe the theme within 5 minutes. ❖ Share their findings with other classmates. ❖ Other groups are encouraged to suggest adjectives that are not being mentioned by the particular group. 18
Descriptive Adjectives Learning Objectives: Students should be able to: 1. Build sentences using at least 3 adjectives.
Suggested Activity Part 2 : After finishing the first activity : ❖ Students are required to build sentences using at least 3 adjectives which they have mentioned before. ❖ The expected answer: • Place: beautiful, spacious, quite ✓ Yesterday, my mother I and went to a beautiful park, It was very quiet. There were many people jogging happily at the spacious park.
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Preposition Preposition is a word that is usually come in front of, a noun or pronoun. Preposition are use to show location, time and movement.
Rules: ▪ A preposition is followed by a "noun". It is never followed by a verb.
▪ A preposition cannot be followed by a verb. If we want to follow a preposition by a verb, we must use the "-ing" form which is really a gerund or verb in noun form
Location : ✓ The ball is under the chair. Time : ✓ I have math class on Monday morning. Movement : ✓ Mary is walking toward the chair. 20
Preposition Learning Objective: ✓ Students are able to understand preposition of place and use it correctly in a sentences.
Suggested Activity:
“Ideal bedroom” ❖ Get the two in pair, then ask the students to describe to each other about their ideal bedroom. ❖ They have to write down the details of their partner’s ideal bedroom, using preposition of place. o Exp: There will be a television on her bedroom wall, in front of her bed. o There will be a pink closet beside her bed.
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Conjunctions Conjunctions are words used for joiners, which connect phases, words and sentences Types of conjunctions : ❖ Coordinating conjunction - joined words equal together. - FANBOYS ( for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) ✓ Exp: He likes to eat fruits and vegetables. ❖ Subordinating conjunction - connect clause together, and emphasize or describe relationship between independent and dependent clauses. - after, because, while, if, as, so that, although, ✓ Exp: She was very full after she had a huge burger. ❖ Correlative conjunction - are paired and joined equal element together. - either...or, neither...nor, both...and, not only...but also, etc. ✓ Exp: Both Jane and Thomas likes to play badminton.
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Conjunction Learning Objective: ✓ Learners are able to join different phases together with the correct use of conjunctions and they could interact with their classmates more closely.
Suggested Activity:
“ Phases to phases chain” Instruction: ➢ Students will need to pair up. ➢ Each of them will need to build a phase. ➢ The phase is then join together with conjunction word in pair. ➢ Each student will need to come out with 5 phases and join their findings with their partner. Altogether there will be 10 sentences within a few minutes. ➢ Teachers will be the facilitators for the group activities or presentations. Example: First person: I like to eat cupcakes. Second person: I like to eat candy. Sentence chained I like to eat both cupcakes and candy. 23
Interjection Interjection are words that convey or express feelings, meanings and emotions.
✓ Absolutely, hello, alright, uh-oh, wow, yahoo, oh oops, yum, hooray, yuck, etc. Example: ▪ Hooray! Class tomorrow was cancelled, I can play football with my friends. ▪ Yuck! The food here is not tasty at all. ▪ Wow! Taehyung got the new iPhone! ▪ Oops, sorry! I accidently took your water bottle.
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Interjection Learning Objective: Students will be able to: ✓ Identify different kind of interjections. ✓ Use interjection to create a short sentence.
Suggested Activity: Emotion ❖ Students need to group themselves into a group of at least 5 members. ❖ List 5 emotions on the board. ❖ The teams will take turn to go up front and choose an emotion from the board, then create a sentence using interjection. Example: ▪ Happy – “Hooray! I <I have passed my math test!” ▪ Disgusted – “Eww! I hate broccoli!”
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References Anon. (n.d.). My English Grammar.com. Retrieved from Types of Adverbs: http://www.myenglishgrammar.com/lesson-4-adverbs/1types-of-adverbs.html Anon. (n.d.). TeachingBanyan.com. Retrieved from Latest Articles: http://www.teachingbanyan.com/learnenglish/grammar/parts-of-speech/preposition/ Chou, E. (n.d.). FluentU. Retrieved from 5 Quick and Fun Verb GAmes to LIves Up Your ESL Classroom: https://www.fluentu.com/blog/educator-english/esl-verbtenses-games-for-the-classroom/ Hyndsight, R. J. (2009, October 15). Retrieved from Using personal pronouns in research writing: https://robjhyndman.com/hyndsight/personal-pronouns/ O'Brien, E. (n.d.). Grammar Revolution . Retrieved from A Lovely list of nouns: https://www.english-grammarrevolution.com/list-of-nouns.html Whitman, N. (2014, Setempber 25). Quick and Dirty Tips.com . Retrieved from Modal Auxiliary Verbs: http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/moda l-auxiliary-verbs YULIYAGEIKHMAN. (n.d.). FluentU. Retrieved from The Essentials of English Adjectives: 7 Key Adjective Types to Know: https://www.fluentu.com/blog/english/englishadjectives/
Appendix Personal nouns questions Questions in the envelope:
Place a suitable personal pronoun.
Example: â?&#x2013; Question : Adam always respect his grandparents. â?&#x2013; Answer: He always respect his grandparents. (Adam change to He ) 1. Bryan and I love going to the beach. 2. My friends often go to the library in the school. 3. I made some homemade pizzas for my sister.
4. My dad go to work early in the morning every day. 5. The old lady blamed Sam and Jane for her accident. 6. Ben live with his grandparents together. 7. Jimmy and his classmates will stay back this coming Tuesday for training. 8. John's mum brought John a colorful notebook from the bookstore. 9. Uncle love travelling with my family and I especially during Summer. 10. Lily went to the office this morning in the school. 11. My friends and I often have lunch together in the cafeteria. 12. Miss Lim brought chocolates for the students in the class.