PEOPLE ON PENN PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE PEDESTRIAN LIFE STUDY
DC Office of Planning
A Study of the Pedestrian Experience of Pennsylvania Avenue NW 1
A Partnership Effort between the District of Columbia Office of Planning and the National Capital Planning Commission FOCUS: Elevating the Pedestrian Experience of Pennsylvania Ave to Realize its Role as a Great Street The aim of this project is to support the National Capital Planning Commission’s (NCPC) Pennsylvania Avenue Initiative, through a detailed study of the functionality of the Avenue’s public spaces and sidewalks, to help inform a vision for how Pennsylvania Avenue can meet local and national needs in a 21st century capital city and perform as a truly great pedestrian street. Work for this study was carried out jointly by staff from NCPC and DCOP. Staff from both agencies gathered pedestrian use and acitivity data for the sidewalks and plazas of Pennsylvania Avenue from 7th to 14th Street over two full-day site visits in July and October 2015. Following the collection of data, staff from OP’s Design Divsion analyzed the data and prepared draft findings that were reviewed and refined by lead staff from both agencies. The classic, monumental view corridor down Pennsylvania Avenue to the Capitol Building. This view is primarily afforded to the automobile.
CONTENTS
PART I:
Introduction
Pennsylvania Avenue: A Great Street in Waiting A History of Public Life on Pennsylvania Avenue Critical Findings and Observations
PART II:
Evaluation of Pennsylvania Avenue
Evaluation of design challenges to be addressed: 1. How do we create diverse and exciting uses along Pennsylvania Avenue? 2. How do we encourage the renovation/retrofit of existing buildings to be more pedestrian friendly? 3. How do we activate plazas to encourage greater use and enjoyment? 4. How do we make the sidewalks more human-scaled? 5. What is the Pennsylvania Avenue experience?
PART III: Next Steps
Testing Solutions Case Studies
3
The Capitol Building sits at the eastern end of Pennsylvania Avenue, but this preeminent view is afforded primarily to the automobile.
4
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
PART I INTRODUCTION
A Great Street in Waiting. A History of Public Life on Pennsylvania Avenue. Critical Findings and Observations.
5
WHAT MAKES A GREAT PEDESTRIAN STREET? “First and foremost, a great street should help make community: should facilitate people acting and interacting to achieve in concert what they might not achive alone. The best streets will be those where it is possible to see other people and to meet them; all kinds of people, not just of one class or color or age.” Allan B. Jacobs “Great Streets”
RECREATION ENTHUSIASTS 6
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
EVENT ATTENDEES
CHILDREN
WORKERS
FAMILIES AND SENIORS
DC RESIDENTS
TOURISTS 7
PENN AVE IS A GREAT STREET IN WAITING Pennsylvania Avenue is an excellent street-in-waiting, featuring a thoughtful and well-designed streetscape and grand architectural frame, but lacking the critical public life and pedestrian activity typically found on other “great streets” or on many downtown DC streets. Pedestrian activity is influenced by multiple factors including the design of the built environment and its walkability. A “great street,” such as the ChampsÉlysées in Paris or the Ringstrasse in Vienna, typically balance several modes of tranportation but create a prominant space for pedestrains. In comparison, Pennsylvania Avenue gives more of its space to the vehicular modes of transportation.
WIDTH: 160’ (49m) TRAFFIC: 8 lanes STATUS: Ceremonial street connects the Capitol Building to the White House
WIDTH: 230’ (70m) TRAFFIC: 10 lanes STATUS: World-class shopping and dining street connects major landmarks
PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE Washington, D.C.
CHAMPS ÉLYSEÉS Paris, France
Wide sidewalks and inactive facades do not encourage pedestrian activity.
Programmed zones within the sidewalk keep the entire space active and bustling.
STREET SECTIONS The sectional qualities of a street are strong indicators of the pedestrian experience. Pennsylvania Avenue’s section lacks the complexity and organizational principles of other “Great Streets” and much of the sidewalk area is inactive. As a result, there is little pedestrian activity.
8
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
WIDTH: 187’ (57m) TRAFFIC: 4+1 lanes STATUS: Historic promenade rings the inner city with parks & civic monuments
WIDTH: 197’ (60m) TRAFFIC: 6 lanes STATUS: Boulevard in the historic city anchored and framed by the Brandenburg Gate
WIDTH: 138’ (42m) TRAFFIC: 6+2 lanes STATUS: Major avenue within the primary shopping and business district
RINGSTRASSE Vienna, Austria
UNTER DEN LINDEN Berlin, Germany
PASSEIG DE GRACIA Barcelona, Spain
Pedestrian and bicyclist zones buffered by trees provide a park-like feel.
A wide center median programmed with pedestrian-friendly activities draws people.
Human-scaled sidewalks and good land use make this an active pedestrian street.
INTRODUCTION
9
A HISTORY OF PUBLIC LIFE ON PA AVE From its inception as a grand boulevard that connects the houses of government in the nation’s capital, Pennsylvania Avenue has had a prominent but primarily ceremonial role in the District’s geography. As the city has grown and changed over the past 200 years, as has the landscape of the avenue, including its intentional place as a governmental hub. The challenge facing the agencies working to shape Pennsylvania Avenue for the 21st century is how to maintain the current air of grandeur while reintroducing the human scale to the sidewalks and streetscape.
From the late 19th to early 20th century, Penn Ave was a bustling commercial street with small shops such as the hat merchant on 12th St.*
A photo of the new Internal Revenue Service building from1930 shows the loss of pedestrian vitality and activity.
In the 1970s, Washington Wine & Liquors occupied the space of the former hat merchant while the upper floors sat vacant.
1900s: Pedestrian City
1930s: Erosion of Public Life
1960s: Loss of Public Life
As Washington, DC, grew into the nation’s capital, Pennsylvania Avenue developed into a main artery connecting the governmental buildings in the city. The avenue functioned as a commercial, residential, recreational, and transportation corridor.
The development of Federal Triangle in the 1930s concentrated large governmental offices along the south side of Pennsylvania This focus on singular land use and large buildings eliminated the mix that drew a variety of people to the area.
By the late 1960s, with the decline of Downtown the avenue lost much of its remaining commercial activity as shops closed, or were replaced by low end retail uses.
* images and information from Streets of Washington, “The Little Shop that Survived (Sort of), 8 August 2010.
10
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
When it was first built, Pershing Park was a popular destination for office workers and familes with active programming and lush landscapes.
Where are the people? On a typical weekday afternoon pedestrians are conspicuously absent from the sidewalks of Pennsylvania Avenue.
1980s: Seeds of Renewal
2015: More Work to be Done
PADC succeeded in renewing public life in many parts of Pennsylvania Avenue after many years of decline with critical investments places like Navy Memorial Plaza, Pershing Park, and the Old Post Office Building.
Today’s experience of Pennsylvania Avenue is of monumental buildings, gracious trees, and few people or activities to attract them. In order to fullfill the avenue’s role as a great street action needs to be taken to restore its rich public life through a contemporary lens while celebrating it symbolic role.
** Source: Department of Special Collections, Gelman Library, George Washington University.
METHODOLOGY AND PROCESS
11
CRITICAL FINDINGS AND OBSERVATIONS Major Positive Elements
12
Major Issues to be Addressed
SPLENDID TREE CANOPY
GENEROUS STREETSCAPE
STATELY ARCHITECTURE
LACK OF PLACES & DESTINATIONS
PERIPHERAL LOCATION
STRENGTH
STRENGTH
STRENGTH
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
Trees provide shade, sense of enclosure and greenery. Spacing and repetition reinforce formal nature of street design.
The design of streetscape elements such as benches, trees, tree grates, and lamp posts is elegant and enjoyable.
Consistent and monumental nature of buildings emphasizes the grandeur of the street and position in Nation’s Capital.
Very few places and destinations to visit.
Occupies the space between downtown and the National Mall.
IMPACT
IMPACT
CHALLENGES
CHALLENGES
CHALLENGES
Many of the trees and other landscaping are unhealthy and struggle for soil and air, especially on the south side of the street.
Avenue often looks empty and the abundance of security planters is a design issue that has not been addressed consistently.
Consistency of the facades does not provide complexity or visual interest to the passer by.
The avenue has fewer people on it than comparable downtown streets. Little to draw people to this area unless they live or work nearby.
The street has an unclear identity. The area could be a hybrid of both downtown and cultural functions, but currently is neither.
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
LACK OF HUMAN SCALE
NO REASON TO LINGER
PROGRAMMING AT OFF HOURS
INACTIVITY AT NIGHT
HOMELESS ACTIVITY
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
Buildings, sidewalks, and monuments are out of scale with the human.
Once people come to Pennsylvania Avenue, few reasons to stay.
Major event programming occurs at night and on weekends.
After the PM rush hour, avenue is sparsely populated.
Observed high incidence of homelessness in both July and October.
IMPACT
IMPACT
IMPACT
IMPACT
IMPACT
Lacks a sense of enclosure and comfort within the space. People gather at smaller spaces within the area, and do not linger on the sidewalks.
Singular purposes: working, eating, transportation. Avenue functions on one level at a time, without layering of uses necessary for vibrancy.
Pedestrian activity occurs on weekdays during commuting times. Major events happen at offpeak times when there are no natural flows of pedestrian traffic.
Area can become dangerous and unfriendly without “eyes on the street.” Lack of people further reinforces feeling of placelessness.
Large homeless population presents safety and security concerns. Lack of pedestrian activity creates discomfort, particularly at night.
13
The outdoor dining at Elephant & Castle is secluded from the sidewalk.
Benches and street furniture are interspersed with security planters.
A children’s Halloween parade at Navy Memorial. 14
DC Office of Planning
People prefer to gather and sit on the low walls and steps of the Navy Memorial plaza. – Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
PART II HOW DO WE MAKE PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE A GREAT STREET?
Evaluation of Design Challenges to be Addressed.
15
At 10:45am on a summer Tuesday morning, the sidewalks of Pennsylvania Avenue are typically sparsely populated.
16
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
DESIGN CHALLENGES Pennsylvania Avenue has a series of obstacles that prevent it from becoming the Great Street to which it aspires. By viewing these obstacle as design challenges we can begin to understand the complex nature of this place within the nation’s capital.
1. HOW DO WE ENCOURAGE A MIXTURE OF USES?
2. HOW DO WE CREATE ENGAGING BUILDINGS?
4. HOW DO WE PROVIDE MORE INTIMATE SIDEWALKS?
3. HOW DO WE ACTIVATE THE PLAZAS?
5. HOW DO WE MAKE PA AVE A DESTINATION EXPERIENCE?
EVALUATION OF PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE
17
Design Challenge 1: MIXTURE OF USES
How do we create diverse and exciting uses along Pennsylvania Avenue?
Lack of Places and Destinations Along PA Ave
Pennsylvania Avenue’s lack of places and destinations is apparent from this Google map image. Within the study area, there are almost no places tagged or labeled. While simplified, this map gives a general overview of a street sorely lacking in “places.”
18
DC Office of Planning
PA Ave Study Area
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
10th GF St NW 16th 6thStSt St------M 14th -- Upper E St 12th St -- KL St NW 12th StStNW 5th EI St--NW 16th 5thStStSt----(S) I St 4th St ---- HAve E St NW 6th St --15th Indiana St 4thNW St -- Massachusetts 13th St 10th St -- Ave F St NW 1stAve St NW E13th St NW Pennsylvania NW St 9th St -- K St/New York----Ave 1stStSt--NW --16th Louisiana 6thStSt----MAve F St NW 15th Massachusetts 1st StSt NW NW L St NW 7th St12th -- K12th St/Mass St ----DKAve 3rd Const 3rdStStNW -- Constitution Ave 5th St----(S) I St Pennsylvania Ave NW 16th St& I14th St--NW 1st -- Louisiana Ave PA & 4th 4th St -- HDAve Pennsylvania NW -- St 7th St 6th 1st St --15th Indiana NW StAve NW D 3rd St ---- DAve 10th St3rd F St&NW New St Jersey Ave -- Massachusetts… 13th NW -- Massachusetts 3rd St -- NW Constitution NW 10th & 10th StSt----Massachusetts 9th K St/New York 10th St ----Ave E--Mass St Pennsylvania Ave 13th Pennsylvania AveNW NW 4thNW St PA & 6th Pennsylvania AveStSt NW 6th St 16th ------M 12th St F-- St 15th St -- Massachusetts NW 3rd DAve PA 15th Pennsylvania Ave NW --KAve St St --& St NW E15th St -- K12th St/Mass 10th St7th -- Massachusetts 15th &NW F 15th St St 16th St------F--I14th 10th Pennsylvania PennsylvaniaAve AveNW NW 6th St 15th E 15th --&NW E St 6th St --Ave Indiana Ave 14th St ----St F--15th St Pennsylvania Ave NW 7th Pennsylvania NW 13th 6thNW St -13th Massachusetts 15th StNW -- New York New St Jersey Ave -- Massachusetts… 15th St& -- Ave FMass St NW 13th 6thPA St --& CE13th St-- NW Pennsylvania Ave NW --HSt 9th 10th 15th E St 15th 10th St -- New 15th 13thYork St NW 12th St& -- Ave FLMass 6th St -- Massachusetts K ---- G 7th St -- K10th St/Mass 5th HCAve 12th E St 6th St St7th St&NW NW &--Ave 14th -- Upper E St Pennsylvania AveStPA NW 14th 12th 10th 10th St --14th New York NW PA 7th 5th St St NW Pennsylvania10th Ave NW 7th St 9th St 14th F-- St ---- GE& NW NJ St --MAve EMass New Jersey AveStNW --4th Massachusetts… 15th St St NW 15th --14th New York St ----& Upper E St 4th St -- Massachusetts 10th &NW E 10th St E-- St Pennsylvania Ave NW 9th St 9th ---- HAve 5th St 1st12th St 12th F 13th St------EEFLI St 13th 4thNW St St&NW NW 6th St 12th E 12th St EF St&NW 12th ---- G 5th HAve 4th St -- Massachusetts St PA NW ----York St NW NW 10th 10th 13th St12th --1stHAve St/New Ave Pennsylvania NW--& St St NW EL12th St 5thSt St I St 14th 14th F 12th ---- (S) HEF St--&NW 9th St 6th 15th St HAve 15th St12th -- 15th New York NW 13th St------M E& St St15th NW L StNY 9th St ---- H 9th & 9th St F-- St Pennsylvania10th Ave NW 9th St 5th St (S) --NW IH 9th St -- K St/New 13th 13th L 7thYork St ELI St&NW 13th St------HAve 15th St 16th ------M 5thStSt H 6th HF St&NW 12th G 10th St5th St --& KAve Pennsylvania Ave NW --York St 16th L12th St NW PA 12th 13th -- H12th St/New Ave 9th St --StK St/New York 16th St&NW NW 9thAve StSt--9th Vermont E 12th ------M HKEI St 16th StSt 6th St15th --12th Indiana StSt----MKAve St NW 7th 15th M 13th EF & NW 13th St Pennsylvania NW -- Massachusetts Ave NW 9th St 16th 9th St F--I St NW PA & 9th 16th St----KAve Pennsylvania NW St 13th St&NW 15th 7th StSt7th ------Ave ELI13th 6th St --Ave Indiana E St ---- Massachusetts Massachusetts 12th ----G 14th L St&NW 6th StSt6th HAve 13th15th St NW Ave NW H 7th St St ---- HK13th St/Mass 13th St/New Ave St ----York KAve 16th L13th St&NW Pennsylvania Ave NW St 16th L Pennsylvania AveAve NW 14th 12th HKAve 14th St ----G St NW 15th St --Vermont Massachusetts 14th & GSt Pennsylvania Ave NW 7th 13th St EF-- St St ---- HAve 7th14th 7th St -- K14th St/Mass &NW HSt New Jersey Ave NW16th --9th Massachusetts… St&NW 14th St ----KF14th Pennsylvania Ave NW St 14th k 7th St St 7th ---- HE--L St 15th Pennsylvania10th Ave NW 7th 7th &NW HSt 12th St ---- HKFL St&NW 6th St 14th New Jersey Ave NW15th -- Massachusetts… 15th K 12th 16th St 13th -- KEEFL St&NW 10th 13th F Pennsylvania Ave NW StI Vermont Ave 15th 14th St --------GKFI10th St& NW 12th StSt 15th 14th St ------ G 7th13th 13th St St NW 14th HEF & 12th St G 15th St -- New York NW 16th 14thNW I10th St& 14th StSt ------KAve Pennsylvania Ave StI 14th 9th StSt----HFL St NW 15th 7th 14th 13th St -- KAve L St NW 14thYork 15th 15th St -- New NW 5th St St ---- H HKF St St NW NW 13th St -9th Pennsylvania 14th Ave St StSt 15thNW St--------GLI12th 13th St NW 9th St St ---- G 14th HE St 13th 5th St NW NW St NW 14th StSt--------MKI12th 14thSt Pennsylvania15th Ave NW St Pennsylvania 7th Ave NW 9thNW St ---- HE-- St 9th St St 13thStStSt------MKI St St NW NW 15th 15th ---- GF-- St 13th St Pennsylvania12th AveSt NW 9thNW St 13th St -- H 13th St/New Ave 15th St --York I St NW 12th St -- G H St NW 13th 12th StSt----York EI St NW 14th 13th St -- H13th St/New Ave 9th St St ---- HF St 12th St NW NW 7th St 13th St --- EE St St NW NW 6th St NW NW 9th St St ---- HF St 16th St ---- EL St 7th St St NW NW Vermont St NW NW 6thAve St ---- HK St 7th St St NW NW 16th St ---- FL St 16thAve St -Vermont -- KK St St NW NW 15th St ---- FL St 7th St St NW NW 14th St St ---- KL St 16th St NW NW 13th St NW NW 15th St St ---- KL St 14th St NW NW 14thStSt----GL St 14th St NW NW 13th St St ---- HK St 14th St St ---- GK St St NW NW 14th 7th St 14th St --- H H St St NW NW 15th 14th St St --- KK St St NW NW 13th St ---- HF St St NW NW 7th St 15thStSt----KI St 15th St NW NW 13th 13th St St ---- GF St St NW NW 14th St St --- II St St NW NW 15th
Despite excellent Metro and regional bus access, the pedestrian acitivty of Pennsylvania Avenue under perfomrs similar transit accessible places in Downtown. Potential factors that might explain this underwhelming performance are a lack of destinations, a poor mix of land uses, and a overall lower surounding density of office workers.
McPherson Square Metro Center
AM Peak Hour Pedestrian Counts for Select Downtown Intersections
Number of Pedestrians
5000 5000
4000 4000
3000 3000
2000 2000
1000 1000
0
0
All of PA Ave underperforms as a pedestrian space as compared to other downtown streets.
Downtown Average: 1100 Federal Triangle
Station AM Peak
Archives/Navy Memorial Federal Triangle 5579 5624
5825 5845
Judiciary Square 6340 5755
Gallery Place 13,094 17,341
Metro Center 14,979 15,323
McPherson Square
10,643
9409
Farragut North 16,339
15,901
EVALUATION OF PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE
13th St -- G St NW 14th St -- I St NW
Less Active than the Average Downtown Street Low Metro Ridership
The Archives/Navy Memorial Metro stop has the lowest ridership for both entry and exit data at peak AM and PM times as compared to other Metro stops downtown. Farragut North Gallery Place Judiciary Square
Archives
PM Peak
Source: WMATA, October 2014.
* Source: District Department of Transportation, Signalization Study, 2014.
19
SA
3R
SE TT
VE N
M ST NW
W
9TH ST NW
HU
NW
INT S ER
7TH ST NW
95
VE RM ON
Existing Land Use
E3
L ST NW
4TH ST NW
NW
VE KA
TA VE
R YO
T TA
W NE
L ST NW
S ER
Lack of Land Use Diversity Discourages Pedestrian Activity
INT
E3
95
10TH ST NW
Low higher Density Residential The lack of land use diversity has a negative impact on the pedestrian activity on Pennsylvania Avenue. In comparison to other streets with land use diversity, the pedestrian counts for a typical day are significantly lower. The map below shows a comparison of pedestrian counts at variousDensity Residential Low-Medium intersections along Pennsylvania Avenue and 7th Street NW. As the land uses diversify along 7th Street north of Pennsylvania Avenue, the pedestrian Medium Density Residential traffic increases dramatically. Within the study area, the pedestrian counts remain low where land uses are homogeneous and not active. T TA
MT VERNON PL NW
K ST NW
K OR WY NE
E AV
NW MA SS AC
NW
Peak Hour Pedestrian Count Comparison with 7th Street NW
HU
I ST NW SE TT
5TH ST NW
VE RM ON
TA VE
I ST NW
15TH ST NW
G PL NW
8TH ST NW
MADISON PL NW
H ST NW
SA
VE N
W
126%
1297
LEGEND 3RD ST NW
8TH ST NW
13 1/2 ST NW
868
AVE
NW
IN
NA DIA
AVE
NW
904
10TH ST NW
PA & 10th:
1009
NW
PA & 9th:
PA & 7th:
912
DC Office of Planning
12TH ST EXPY NW
* Source: DC Office of Planning, Existing Land Use Map, 2005 (modified to reflect current uses). – Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
MADISON DR NW
Transportation Right of Way UnDetermined
Low Density Residential Water Low-Medium Density Residential Vacant Medium Density Residential High Density Residential Commercial Mixed Use Institutional Public/Civic Parks and Open Spaces
D ST NW
C ST NW
1118
Federal Public
Roads; Alleys; Median
E ST NW
4TH ST NW
14TH ST NW
EAST EXECUTIVE AVE NW
PA & 13th:
Institutional
Parking
7th & D: PEN NSY LVA NIA
Mixed Use
Parks and Open Spaces
7th & E:
D ST NW
Industrial
Public, Quasi-Public, Institutional
1527
PENNSYLVANIA AVE NW
Commercial
Local Public
7th & F:
ALEXANDER HAMILTON PL NW
20
H ST NW
the amount of pedestrian activity on 7th Street as compared to Pennsylvania Avenue G ST NW
F ST NW
High Density Residential
Transport, Communication, Utilities
G ST NW
RD
3RD ST NW
12TH ST NW
K ST NW
SW
SE
SA C
Connecticut Ave. NW.
Inactive Ground Floors Don’t Attract People
LEGEND
What people expereince on the ground floor of a building has been shown to have a direct relationship to pedestrian behavior and choice: whether or not to spend time on the street, walking speed, distance traveled, and desire to linger. When Pennsylvania Avenue is compared with other wide streets in the District, such as Connecticut Avenue, or a great street like the Champs Elysees in Paris we see that active ground floors closely correlate with active streets.
Restaurant Retail Office Lobby/Service Inactive Ground Floor
A Comparison of Boulevard-Style Streets and Their Ground FloorChamps-Elysees. Activity
912 PENNSYLVANIA AVE
Pennsylvania Ave.
peak pedestrian traffic count
4833 CONNECTICUT AVE
peak pedestrian traffic count
8,000 CHAMPS ÉLYSEÉS
Connecticut Ave. NW.
* Champs-Elysees.
peak pedestrian traffic count
* estimated average hourly count per block based on Gehl Studios preliminary data. Pennsylvania Ave.
21
Design Challenge 2: ENGAGING FACADES
How do we renovate/retrofit existing buildings to be more pedestrian friendly?
NATIONAL PLACE
1201 OFFICE BLDG
HOOVER FBI BLDG
Current facade renovation projects include 1275 PA Ave, 1301 PA Ave, and Market Square. None of the projects dramatically increase the facade appeal to pedestrians.
GOV’T OFFICES 22
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
IRS BUILDING
DEPT OF JUSTICE
Stately but Boring Facades Based on Jan Gehl’s facade categorization methods as noted in Cities for People, this section of Pennsylvania Avenue would be rated “D - boring” due to facades with few doors and windows and minimal variation in land use. This area also has sparse detailing and lacks human scale, factors that engage pedestrians. Due to security factors, many of the building faces are 15’-20’ away from the pedestrian. Though many facades have windows on the first floor, they are almost all opaque, not allowing the viewer to see into the building or to activate the pedestrian experience. A - active Small units, many doors Large variation in function No blind and few passive units Lots of character in facade relief Good details and materials
PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE
B - friendly Relatively small units Some variation in function Few blind and passive units Facade relief Many details C - mixture Large and small units Modest variation in function Some blind and passive units Modest facade relief Few details D - boring Large units, few doors Almost no variation in function Many blind or uninteresting units Few or no details E - inactive Large units, few or no doors No visible variation in function Blind or passive units Uniform facades, no details Nothing to look at
CONNECTICUT AVE
“D”
facade rating based on Gehl’s pedestrian engagement criteria
CHAMPS-ÉLYSÉES
Source: Gehl, Jan. Cities for People. Washington, DC: Island, 2010. 104-05.
23
Boulevard Facades Need Variety and Complexity When comparing Pennsylvania Avenue to two similar streets within the “boulevard” type, Pennsylvania Avenue falls short on certain metrics, a telling assessment of how the facade wall lacks vibrancy. The buildings on Pennsylavania Avenue are two to three times as wide as those on Connecticut Avenue between K and M Streets NW, and along the Champs Elysees. Doors and windows provide visual interest and engagement with the pedestrian; the Pennsylvania Avenue corridor has far fewer openings in the facade than the comparison streets. In the colors used on building facades, successful pedestrian streets employ twice as many colors on building faces than Pennsylvania Avenue.
Facade Metrics
PA AVE NORTH Average bldg facade width Average # of doors per block face Percent ground floor windows Average # of colors on facade
24
DC Office of Planning
PA AVE SOUTH
CONNECTICUT AVE*
CHAMPS-ÉLYSÉES*
258 ft
288 ft
100 ft
89 ft
2
4
10
21
40%
20%
75%
80%
2
1
4
3
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
Spacial analysis of the angular i
Large Blocks Reduce Pedestrian Activity From 1920 to the present, the size of the buildings and the blocks along Pennsylvania Avenue has shifted from small storefronts and block sizes to the superblocks noticable at Federal Triangle. This increase in block size has dramatically reduced the connectivity for pedestrians and made Pennsylvania Avenue more of a barrier and an edge than the key connector it once was.
Spatial Analysis of the Integration of the Pedestrian Street Grid in 1920
Spatial Analysis of the Integration of the Pedestrian Street Grid 2016 Spacial analysis of the angular integration of the Center City DC pedestrian street Pennsylvania Avenue had a much higher degree of integration in 1920 due to smaller block size, regularized grid, and better through streets.
PA Ave Study Area
PA Ave Study Area
Integration: a measure of distance from any space of origin to all others in a system. In general, it calculates how accesible the origin space is to all other spaces, and can be seen as the measure of relative DRAFT depth.
LEGEND
INTEGRATION:
Integration: a measure of distance from any space of origin to all others in a system. In general, it calculates how accesible the origin space is to all other spaces, and can be seen as the measure of relative depth.
High Integration
A measure of distance from any space of origin to all others in a system. In general, it calculates how accessible the origin space is to all other spaces, and can be seen as predictor for how active and busy a street will be. Low Integration
High Integration
Low Integration
EVALUATION OF PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE
25
Design Challenge 3: ACTIVE PLAZAS
How do we activate the plazas to encourage greater use and enjoyment?
Navy Memorial and Freedom Plaza are Underutilized Public Spaces
55
20
average number of people in Navy Memorial Plaza per hour
average number of people in Freedom Plaza per hour
200
200
150
150
100
July October
50
50
0
0 NAVY MEMORIAL
26
100
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
July October
FREEDOM PLAZA
Failing to Measure Up Against Other Downtown Gathering Spaces While the Navy Memorial Plaza and Freedom Plaza provide needed gathering space for the pedestrians along Pennsylvania Avenue, a comparison of their use with other spaces downtown reveals that the plazas are dramatically underperforming for their location. As compared to Franklin Park and Farragut Square on a typical Friday between 12-1pm, both Navy Memorial and Freedom Plaza had significantly fewer people utilizing the space. Neither Franklin Park nor Farragut Square have specially programmed uses, however, they do host occasional events, are surrounded by high-density commerical uses, are proximal to transit, and have high areas of open lawn and numerous shade trees.
Public Space Characteristics
NAVY MEMORIAL
FREEDOM PLAZA
FRANKLIN PARK
FARRAGUT SQ
Approximate Size (acres)
2.05
2.16
4.79
1.40
% open lawn area
20%
5%
90%
80%
43*
14*
56*
200*
10%
10%
80%
50%
# of people per acre (F 12-1pm) % of seats in shaded areas
*stationary activity counts for a typical Friday in July 2015 from 12pm-1pm. Farragut Square count conducted during Farragut Fridays, a planned event hosted by the Golden Triangle BID from May through September. EVALUATION OF PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE
27
Plazas Where Few Socialize or Linger Unlike other spaces downtown or throughout the District, the two plazas at either end of the study area do not encourage people to stay, linger and chat with friends. At Franklin Park, groups of two or more were observed staying for almost 30 minutes on average, while the typical time for someone to stay at Navy Memorial or Freedom Plaza was approximately just over 15 minutes and they tended to be by themselves. These plazas are an excellent opportunity to enhance open space offerings in Downtown and provide people with attractive and interesting places to spend time.
Time-lapse Mapping LEGEND one dot represents one person darker color represents staying for longer period of time
PEN
NS Y
LV A
NIA
AV E
NW
NAVY MEMORIAL # of people per acre (F 12-1pm)
43
56
average time spent
18 minutes
29 minutes
average group size
2.5 persons
3.2 persons
1:1
1:2
ratio of singles to people in groups
28
FRANKLIN PARK (EAST LAWN)
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
Great Placemaking Can Overcome Limited Access People enjoy the National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden in every season and in all types of weather. The abundant seating in both sun and shade, interesting artwork, central water feature, and programmed events provide a variety of reasons for downtown residents and workers to walk a significant distance to visit and linger. In comparison, the Navy Memorial and Freedom Plazas are predominantly hardscaped, lack healthy trees and abundant shade, and have significantly fewer pieces of public art.
Public Space Characteristics
SCULPTURE GARDEN
NAVY MEMORIAL
enclosed on all sides space arranged in “rooms�
enclosed on one side space is predominantly open
no enclosure space is wide open and raised
.25 miles
Metro within the space
.1 miles
Seating
many types mix of shade/sun
ledge seating or private cafe mostly sun
ledge seating only mostly sun
Green Space
well maintained signature fountain
inaccessible pleseant water feature
none water feature is inoperable
Enclosure & Edge
Metro Access
FREEDOM PLAZA
29
Design Challenge 4: INTIMATE SIDEWALKS
How do we make the sidewalks more human-scaled?
Current Sidewalks Do Not Provide a Sense of Intimacy or Enclosure
unused pedestrian zone
unused pedestrian zone
A. 1201 PA AVE SIDEWALK
30
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
B. SIDEWALK IN FRONT OF FBI
Sidewalks are Oversized for the Amount of Pedestrians The PADC plan for widening the north sidewalk to 75’ anticipated large crowds of pedestrians that never materialized. The current pedestrian volumes are well within the capacity of a typical 16’ to 20’ downtown sidewalk.
E & 12th:
E & 10th:
986
949
4.1 times wider than a
typical Downtown sidewalk
16’ wide A
75’ wide PA & 12th:
1106
PA & 10th:
1009
B
EVALUATION OF PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE
31
Pedestrian Space Lacks Enclosure or Definition The scale of Pennsylvania Avenue is well defined by multiple rows of street trees, but the wide sidewalk width is undifferentiated and exposes pedestrians to loud traffic noise and wind. This is primarily a result of lacking a buffer at the curb edge from high speed traffic, and a strong sense of engagement/enclosure from the adjacent buildings.
NORTH
SOUTH
75’-0” Building setback
Active zone
Inactive zone
100’-0” Roadway Buffer
Pedestrian Path
4 lanes of traffic
Cycle track
55’-0” Building setback
4 lanes of traffic
Buffer Pedestrian Landscape zone Path
Tree canopy creates good “ceiling”
Outdoor seating is separated from pedestrians and does not activate sidewalk
32
DC Office of Planning
Primary pedestrian path is disengaged from building facades
No buffer between pedestrians and vehicles
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
Bench seating Security measures is unprotected and landscaping from elements at building and traffic facade separate pedestrians
Programmed Wide Sidewalks Can Engage the Pedestrian The sidewalks on 19th Street NW and on Champs Élyseés are generous in proportion. But as compared to those on Pennsylvania Avenue, those two streets are organized in structures that activate the sidewalk and both protect and engage the pedestrian.
75’-0” wide on north side
Organization of the Boulevard Streetscape
ACTIVE INACTIVE PED BUFFER
PENNSYLVANIA AVE The sidewalks on PA Ave separate the pedestrian from buildings creating a dead zone at the building face, and do not provide a sufficient buffer at the curb from the noise and traffic.
40’-0” wide
ACTIVE
68’-0” wide
PED ACTIVE
ACTIVE PED
19th STREET NW On 19th Street pedestrians are engaged with the buildings through cafes or storefronts, and the street edge is occupied with other uses such as seating and bikeshare stations.
ACTIVE
BUFFER
CHAMPS ÉLYSEÉS Along the Champs Élyseés, two rows of trees create an active zone along the street edge with kiosks and cafe seating, an engaged building facade zone, and a walking zone between.
EVALUATION OF PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE
33
What is the Pennsylvania Avenue experience?
Design Challenge 5: THE EXPERIENCE
Top Three Activities Observed on Pennsylvania Avenue
34
20%
18%
8%
EATING
WAITING FOR TRANSIT
includes eating on benches, in plazas, and at outdoor cafe seating
includes waiting in bus shelters and on sidewalks for Metrobus, Federal shuttle, taxi, etc.
WORKING includes security, construction, event set-up, and WORKING
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
maintenance of the avenue and streetscape
Experiences of Great Streets Great streets of the world function on many levels: as transportation corridors, retail and shopping hubs, commercial districts, parks and recreational centers, and residential spines. These European sreat streets incorporate a variety of activities at both day and night, for both leisure and business, and for residents, workers, and tourists.
Day Functions
Night Functions
Primary Experience
CHAMPS ÉLYSEÉS
RINGSTRASSE
PASSEIG DE GRACIA
premier shopping street
elegant promenade and civic space
commercial and cultural center
EVALUATION OF PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE
35
A Focus on Transit-Related Pedestrian Activity The vast majority of stationary activities observed on Pennsylvania Avenue involved transportation-related waiting. This was particularly apparent at the morning and evening rush hours as pedestrians used the avenue primarily to get to and from destinations. Very few lingering-type activities were observed. The map below illustrates the types of activities observed on a Friday at 5pm in October.
Bank of America
AM PEAK
EATING
9am
FBI Building
WAITING TO CROSS
Pedestrian activity on the Avenue follows commuting patterns with peaks occuring at 9am and 5pm.
WAITING TO CROSS
12pm
TAKING PHOTO
IRS Building
WAITING FOR TRANSIT
Map of stationary activity at 5pm on Friday afternoon in October. The majority of users are engaged in transit-related activities.
36
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
PM PEAK Dept of Justice
5pm
A Focus on Necessary and Task-Oriented Activities On a typical weekday the primary stationary activities observed along Pennsylvania Avenue were necessary or task-oriented activities that accounted for 58% of the total observed activities. This is in contrast to weekend activty when there is often a major event drawing throusands of particpants. Creating a attaractive everday experience will help make Pennsylvania Avenue be a destination for all days of the week.
LEGEND Recreation/Pleasurable Eating Transportation Related Working/Task Related Anti-Social Behavior
5% 22%
15% Observed Activities
58%
of observed weekday activities were considered necessary/taskoriented
20% 38% The transit stop in front of the Department of Justice is one of the most populated locations in the study area during the evening rush hour.
* average for July and October data. EVALUATION OF PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE
37
Sidewalk Cafes that Do Not Engage the Sidewalk Many of the sidewalk cafes along Pennsylvania Avenue fail to engage the street or provide visual interest or people watching opportunities for pedestrians. One key factor is the wide sidewalks and exposure to traffic noise and wind. To compensate for the environment, many of the cafes use screening or landscaping to isolate the cafe experience from the street environment.
Surveyors observed almost no one using the outdoor seating at Del Frisco’s.
The Avenue restaurant is hidden from pedestrians within the arcade.
38
DC Office of Planning
The sidewalk cafe at Elephant & Castle is well used but hidden from the street.
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
The sidewalk cafe at Central has decent use, but would benefit from being larger
Dining Options that Do Not Add to the Public Life Restaurants in the study area tend toward two types: take-out fast casual such as Starbucks, Paul, and Chop’t and high-end table service restaurants like 701, Central Michel Richard, and Del Frisco’s. As such, the eateries serve two separate clientele, local office workers for breakfast, lunch, and coffee, and destination eaters looking for fine dining. In both cases, the Avenue does not provide reasons to stay and linger either before or after a meal.
Avenue Grill
$$
1
0
Elephant & Castle
$$
12
67
Central
$$$
0
16
Paul and Chop’t
$$
0
Plan B Burgers
$$
0
24
$$$
0
3
701
Operating hours (typical weekday)
1 Outdoor diners 1 Peak occupancy
0
$$$
DelFrisco’s Grille
LEGEND
5pm
9
22
Outdoor dining does not add to the vibrancy of the area.
Pedestrian activity
10pm
Valet parking encourages patrons to drive and park instead of walking to and from the restaurants.
39
Food trucks serve customers on 7th Street NW.
Many segway tours pass through the Navy Memorial Plaza.
At late afternoon in the fall, people enjoy the sun at Freedom Plaza. 40
DC Office of Planning
People pass by a street musician during the evening rush hour outside the Archives Metro station.
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
PART III NEXT STEPS
Issues to Test to Address the Design Challenges Case Studies
41
Patrons enjoy the farmers’ market in Woodrow Wilson Plaza on a Friday afternoon in October.
42
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
TESTING SOLUTIONS Given the thoughtful and crafted design of Pennsylvania Avenue, making any change should be taken with a degree of caution and study. In addition, building modifications, public realm investments, and transportation changes all require significant investment and public will. To advance the dialogue and study for how to create a more vital Pennsylvania Avenue, this study proposes a methodology of light and temporary testing to measure the effects of different design solutions and the viability of new land uses. Below are five basic issues that this study proposes for further testing and study. The following pages present case studies of projects that have tested temporary solutions in public spaces to great success.
1. HOW DO WE ENCOURAGE A MIXTURE OF USES?
2. HOW DO WE CREATE ENGAGING BUILDINGS?
3. HOW DO WE ACTIVATE THE PLAZAS?
4. HOW DO WE PROVIDE MORE INTIMATE SIDEWALKS?
5. HOW DO WE MAKE PA AVE A DESTINATION EXPERIENCE?
Test the viability for greater active ground floor uses and design solutions for appropriate placement.
Investigate strategies for scaling buildings with lighting, color fabrics, and temporary installations.
Develop various programming and design ideas to attract people to the spaces throughout the day.
Design and prototype streetscape additions to define pedestrian space and activate sidewalks.
Program recreational amenities, activities and landscapes to test ideas for crerating a unique and memorable destination experience.
NEXT STEPS
43
Case Study
MAKERS ON MARKET Gehl Studios conducted an evaluation and analysis of the Market Street Prototyping Festival in San Francisco to connect the Festival’s process and outcomes with the urban design goals of the Better Market Street Project, and festival funders’ goal of promoting diverse, integrated public spaces that support civic life.
WHY PROTOTYPING?
ACTIVITIES BRING PEOPLE TOGETHER
prototyping
[proh-tuh-tahyping] to create, test and try an experimental model of a new idea or object.
INTERACTIVE FOUNTAINS
Most prototypes were approachable and engaging. The playful atmosphere made it easy for children, families and people to interact with games, play structures, educational workshops and activities. The invitation to experience Market Street as a series of spectacles proved to be engaging and dynamic, with a sense of discovery.
Prototyping public space is a way of involving a range of stakeholders in generating many potential solutions to a physical design challenge in a temporary sitting. When done using an inclusive process, it involves the public in a direct and tangible manner into the physical planning process. Prototyping potential solutions to a design challenge can show the public the many potential ways that a public space can be transformed, and lets them experience those possibilities in real life. Good reasons to prototype:
Here are some examples of street elements that can foster conviviality and casual encounters among people from a range of backgrounds.
Shorten the distance between citizen and decision-maker, thereby creating more productive and meaningful form of citizen engagement
STREET FURNISHINGS THAT CONVEY A SENSE OF PLAYFULNESS AND HUMOR
Shorten the distance between idea and implementation
OUTDOOR PERFORMANCE SPACE
Com
... ... ... ...
Us e
ity Need un m
Inte
r v e n ti o n
25% Public Realm 75% Buildings
Unlock the potential of civic assets of people and place
Envision the unimaginable
Create a feedback loop between – community need, intervention, and use
INTRODUCTION
44
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
9
44
Gehl – Makers on Market – Lessons from the Market Street Prototyping Festival
Case Study
POTENTIAL OF THE PORCH Using an “iterative placemaking” approach, University City District in Philadelphia developed and tested a series of solutions for the Porch at 30th Street Station. These images, excerpted from “Realizing the Potential of the Porch,” give an overview of their process and methods used.
16
5
6
NEXT STEPS
45
46
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
APPENDIX COLLECTED DATA
Evaluation Methods Data Collected from July and October Site Visits
47
EVALUATION METHODS A pedestrian life study documents, measures, and quantifies the various aspects of the pedestrian experience of the street. This methodology was originated by William H. Whyte and Jan Gehl in the 1970s as they independently researched the qualities that contributed to the functionality and popularity of public spaces. In recent years, Gehl’s methods have become the standards for observing and analyzing these places and how people move through and within them.
48
PEDESTRIAN COUNTS
STATIONARY MAPPING
PERCEPTION ANALYSIS
RESTAURANT REVIEWS
We physically counted the number of pedestrians on each block over an 11-hour period on two separate days, July 7th, and October 30th, 2015. On the second occasion we also cataloged the direction of travel for each person.
We mapped the locations and types of activities for people as they stopped along the Avenue and at each plaza. Categorized activities included both general (sitting, standing, laying down) and detailed (smoking, eating, waiting for transit).
We analyzed the streetscape to determine the character of the built environment. A statistical method developed at the University of Maryland proved to be unreliable. We primarily used Jan Gehl’s quality-based methods.
We used Washington Post and Yelp reviews to determine the desirability and diner satisfaction of the eating establishments within the study area. Note: Native Foods Cafe was open during both site visits, but closed in December 2015.
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
STUDY AREA OVERVIEW The map below outlines the study are and the block naming conventions used throughout the study.
49
PEDESTRIAN COUNTS
LEGEND July 7
Comparison Graph - July and October Pedestrian Counts
October 30
10000
Total Pedestrians
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
8am
9am
10am
11am
12pm
1pm
2pm
3pm
4pm
5pm
6pm
6984 6900
7326 6030
5298 4830
6034 5916
8874 6714
6822 4908
Hours July October
50
4278 3504
DC Office of Planning
6306 5106
5520 5148
4974 4416
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
6966 6678
Pedestrian Count Data by Block per Hour Tuesday, July 7, 2015 Side
Block
Pedestrians/Hour 8am
South Side
North Side
1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 8 9 1S 2S 3S 4S 5S 6 7 Total Average
9am
10am
11am
12pm
1pm
2pm
Total 3pm
4pm
5pm
6pm
Average
7pm
576
1086
510
342
504
510
864
582
744
1536
1026
630
8910
742.5
426 630 186 192 396 270 24 168 270 294 300 282 264 4278 285
582 630 540 288 618 456 174 270 294 282 204 540 342 6306 402
432 396 468 288 360 504 570 324 270 264 348 432 354 5520 385
306 528 420 270 258 714 300 240 216 378 180 384 438 4974 356
582 840 354 282 642 570 378 342 414 456 600 534 468 6966 497
576 702 528 456 306 438 642 378 384 336 786 450 492 6984 498
498 678 624 510 588 582 366 210 300 534 438 690 444 7326 497
504 528 390 306 138 306 396 312 324 396 390 336 390 5298 363
522 552 342 276 138 378 438 456 408 456 324 390 630 6054 408
828 978 666 492 618 510 420 360 552 275 420 798 420 8874 564
618 606 408 504 600 498 396 408 294 318 306 414 426 6822 446
528 270 396 348 348 378 138 90 204 234 252 144 318 4278 281
6402 7338 5322 4212 5010 5604 4242 3558 3930 4224 4548 5394 4986 73,680
533.5 611.5 443.5 351.0 417.5 467.0 353.5 296.5 327.5 352.0 379.0 449.5 415.5 438.6
Friday, October 30, 2015 Block
Pedestrians/Hour 8am
South Side
North Side
1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 8 9 1S 2S 3S 4S 5S 6 7 Total Average
9am
10am
11am
12pm
1pm
2pm
Total 3pm
4pm
5pm
6pm
Average
7pm
372
918
1740
828
870
990
846
294
432
894
714
8898
808.9
456 330 306 192 468 270 24 168 270 228 108 180 132 3504 241
642 672 294 192 618 402 60 204 228 222 210 216 228 5106 322
492 222 486 162 480 378 72 162 108 360 126 234 126 5148 262
438 396 354 270 588 264 126 228 66 126 186 264 282 4416 276
666 720 414 672 930 558 114 204 132 360 462 324 252 6678 447
726 600 576 582 834 552 162 210 204 360 354 414 336 6900 455
660 408 552 444 588 516 198 138 264 264 312 390 450 6030 399
438 372 456 378 348 420 372 324 204 288 294 420 222 4830 349
516 492 570 342 456 366 600 204 288 462 300 474 414 5916 422
600 912 504 492 384 522 222 240 282 612 192 426 432 6714 448
600 528 570 240 234 384 96 84 240 330 90 372 426 4908 323
6234 5652 5082 3966 5928 4632 2046 2166 2286 3612 2634 3714 3300 60,150
566.7 513.8 462.0 360.5 538.9 421.1 186.0 196.9 207.8 328.4 239.5 337.6 300.0
Not Counted
Side
390.6
51
NORTH-SOUTH COMPARISON
LEGEND North side
JULY: Pedestrian Counts for North and South Blocks Blocks 1N and 1S Total Pedestrians
1600
1N 1S
1200
South side
Blocks 2N and 2S 1600 1200
2N 2S
Blocks 3N and 3S 1600 1200
800
800
800
400
400
400
0
8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0
Time of Day
8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0
Time of Day
Total Pedestrians
4N 4S
1200
1600 1200
Blocks 6/7 and 9 1600
800
800
400
400
400
8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0
Time of Day
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time of Day
9 6/7 average
1200
800
0
52
5N 5S
8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time of Day
Blocks 5N and 5S 1600
3N 3S
0
8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time of Day
LEGEND North side
OCTOBER: Pedestrian Counts for North and South Blocks Blocks 1N and 1S Total Pedestrians
1600 1200
1N 1S
South side
Blocks 2N and 2S 1600 1200
2N 2S
Blocks 3N and 3S 1600 1200
800
800
800
400
400
400
0
8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0
Time of Day
1200
4N 4S
0
Time of Day
Blocks 4N and 4S 1600
8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1200
5N 5S
Blocks 6/7 and 9 1600
800
800
400
400
400
8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time of Day
0
8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time of Day
9 6/7 average
1200
800
0
8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time of Day
Blocks 5N and 5S 1600
3N 3S
0
8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time of Day
53
STATIONARY ACTIVITIES
LEGEND July 7
Categories of Activity Observed on Pennsylvania Avenue
Pleasurable/Task-Oriented Observations
ow n gD La yin
r nO the do
oc ial ti-S An
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
ate
r vio Be
ha
Re la
ing /Ta
sk
Re lat ed ati ort
sp Tra n
W ork
on
Ea
lea sur ab /P tio n rea DC Office of Planning
Se
0 es
0
nc h
200
Be
200
on
400
ate d
400
Se
600
Sta
600
ted
800
tin g
800
nd ing
1200 1000
Re c 54
Sitting/Standing Observations
1000
le
Total Observations
1200
October 30
g
g
ing t Ac An tiv ti-S itie oc s ial Be ha Eve vio nt r Re gis tra tio n Jo gg ing Us ing W Ph ork on e ers on Bre Sk ak ate bo ar din g On Tou Sm ok r( seg ing wa y, gro up ) Ta lki ng W alk ing Do Str g ee tM usi cia n Sh op pin g U W sin ith gA Bik TM es (no tr idi ng ) Re ad ing ris
Tou
Pla yin
tin
Ea
W ork
ren
ild
Ch
nC
ros sw alk ing for Tra nsi t
nd ing i
W ait
Sta
Total Observations
LEGEND July 7
Stationary Activities Observed on Pennsylvania Avenue
300 October 30
400
350
Stationary Activities
250
200
150
100
50
0
55
STATIONARY MAPPING Navy Memorial Plaza
9am - Tuesday, July 7
56
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
9am - Friday October 30
LEGEND Standing Seated Eating Group Activities Recreation
1pm - Tuesday, July 7
1pm - Friday, October 30
57
Navy Memorial Plaza
5pm - Tuesday, July 7
58
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
5pm - Friday, October 30
LEGEND Standing Seated Eating Group Activities Recreation
6pm - Tuesday, July 7
6pm - Friday, October 30
59
Freedom Plaza 9am - Tuesday, July 7
9am - Friday, October 30
60
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
LEGEND
1pm - Tuesday, July 7
Eating
Standing
Group Activities
Seated
Recreation
1pm - Friday, October 30
61
Freedom Plaza 5pm - Tuesday, July 7
5pm - Friday, October 30
62
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
LEGEND
6pm - Tuesday, July 7
Eating
Standing
Group Activities
Seated
Recreation
6pm - Friday, October 30
63
64
DC Office of Planning
– Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study
Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Life Study Team District of Columbia Office of Planning www.planning.dc.gov Eric Shaw - Director Tanya Stern - Deputy Director, Data, Engagement and Design Patricia Zingsheim - Associate Director, Design Division Thor Nelson - Urban Designer Emily Pierson - Urban Design Intern National Capital Planning Commission www.ncpc.gov Sarah Ridgely - Urban Planner Meghan Spigle - Community Planner Gehl Architects (Advisor) www.gehlarchitects.com Jeff Risom - Managing Director, Gehl Studio
Pennsylvania Avenue Pedestrian Study Observation Team Kael Anderson Nick Bonard Laine Cidlowski Angela Dupont
Dan Emerine Thaddeaus Green Andrea Limauro Dulce Naime
Thor Nelson Brandon Perez Emily Pierson Sarah Ridgely
Josh Silver Meghan Spigle Tamara Vatnick Ken Walton
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
65