COVID-19: A Time of Hope, Growth, and Change | Special Edition by mcbUSA by Emily Sumpena

COVID-19 A Time of Hope, Growth, and Change Volume I Issue 1 May 18, 2020

Special Edition by mcbUSA*

*Molecular & Cell Biology Undergraduate Student Association

About mcbUSA -Molecular & Cell Biology Undergraduate Student Association (mcbUSA), the oldest original MCB student organization sponsored by the UC Berkeley MCB department, is a committee-based student organization, completely formed and run by an involved group of driven, passionate, and hardworking students on campus. We aim to facilitate the formation of relationships between students and faculty, explore different paths of biological careers in health and industry, and foster connections among the biology community. By providing valuable resources and hosting a variety of events, we strive to promote the professional and educational development of biology students at Berkeley.

Photo Credit: Rulan Yi

Welcome to Our First Special Edition Issue! This COVID-19 magazine represents the collective efforts of the UC Berkeley Molecular & Cell Biology Undergraduate Student Association (mcbUSA). Our members create and develop resources to explore different paths in the intersection of health and industry, and contribute to a supportive student body. This magazine is an extension of our desire to encourage scientific literacy and provide a collective resource during a difficult time, where teamwork and support are more necessary than ever. Read on to learn about information on COVID-19â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s symptoms, methods to protect yourself, updates on current research, hotlines, and more, gathered from research journals, reputable news sources, and government data. We encourage readers to take advantage of the resources offered within this magazine, and to also reach out and help others within their own communities. While we are all facing uncertain times, we can work to keep ourselves safe and informed, spend time with loved ones, and appreciate what we have.

about COVID-19

02 protecting against COVID-19

ongoing COVID-19 research

04 corporations curing COVID-19

resources and to-dos during COVID-19

06 organizations for COVID-19 aid

COVID-19 faq

ABOUT

C O V I D - 19

Basics of Corona Written by Education Committee

hile Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may seem like a new infectious disease that has suddenly led to a worldwide pandemic, coronaviruses, a group of related RNA viruses, are actually some of

the major viral pathogens that have been affecting the human respiratory system for decades. They have been the cause of several other outbreaks in the past like the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS).

The reason this category of diseases is named the coronavirus is due to the

crown or corona formed by the spikes protruding from the surface of the pathogen. This new strain of coronavirus we call COVID-19 is a single stranded RNA virus, much like many other RNA viruses or retroviruses. The whole genome size is around 32 kb which is the largest known RNA virus genome. Also, due to the unstable nature of RNA, the mutation rate of RNA viruses is very high, causing them to be especially hard to treat and prevent.

COVID-19 virus particles have a high affinity to bind to ACE2, which is a re-

ceptor protein on the cell membrane of lung, heart, kidney, and intestine cells. The primary purpose of ACE2 is the regulation of angiotensin, a peptide hormone responsible for the regulation of blood pressure and vasoconstriction. The spikes surrounding the virus particle attach itself to the ACE2 receptor and use it as a guide to form a channel where the viral genetic material can transfer into the healthy cell, thus infecting it. The infected cells then proceed to replicate and infect other cells, repeating the cycle. 7.

virus Designed by Emily Sumpena

Pathway of COVID-19 binding to ACE2 receptor. (Zhang, H., Penninger, J.M., Li, Y. et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target. Intensive Care Med 46, 586â&#x20AC;&#x201C;590 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-05985-9)

The first appearance of COVID-19 was believed to be in the bats that were be-

ing sold at Huanan seafood market in Wuhan, China. Recent research has shown data that proves that the animal that carried the virus could also potentially be pangolins, an ant-eating mammal that has viruses very similar to COVID-19, but it is still inconclusive. The first transmission of the virus is believed to have happened in December 2019. 8.

Basics of Corona Due to the delay between transmission and appearance of symptoms, the unknowing citizens of Wuhan continued their normal lives. The high density of the population then allowed the virus to spread quickly and silently. Once people started showing symptoms and the public realized how contagious the virus is, 5 million people that could have been potential carriers of the virus, fled from Wuhan and its surrounding cities before the government could establish the lockdown. These people traveled worldwide, which exacerbated the spread of the virus.

The symptoms of COVID-19 appear after an average of 5.2 days, but it could

range anywhere from 2 to 14 days depending on the age of the person and how strong their immune system is. This is what makes the virus so dangerous because people can be asymptomatic for a long time yet still be able to infect others they come in contact with unknowingly, like the initial spread in Wuhan. The most common symptoms include fever, dry cough, and fatigue. Symptoms associated more closely with the respiratory system include mucus production, shortness of breath, and what looks like pneumonia with additional complications like opaque regions in the lungs on CT scans.

There is still a lot to be discovered on exactly how COVID-19 is spread, but some of

the main forms of transmission include through droplets in the air from a cough or a sneeze, touching a surface with virus particles on it, and direct contact with an infected person.

virus Current recommendations include social distancing of at least 6 feet apart, but varying conditions like humidity of the air can alter this number. The length of time that a virus can survive on a surface can also vary greatly depending on material and temperature.

One measure of how easily COVID-19 is spread is through the basic reproduction number R0 that estimates the number of people who can become infected from a single person. It is thought that R0 is around 2.6 for COVID-19 compared to 1.3 for the seasonal flu. Additionally, the lethality rate of the virus is thought to be around 3% currently, but it is very difficult to provide an accurate estimate for such a new virus due to the limited data available. However, it is known that the virus tends to impact elderly as well as those with compromised immune systems more heavily.

opefully, all the research efforts surrounding COVID-19 will bring to light more information to aid our response to this virus and keep everyone safe and healthy.

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protecting a g a i n s t

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C O V I D - 1 9 12.

H E A LT H Y AC T I O Written by Alice Wang and Lisa Watanuki

lthough it may sometimes feel like there is nothing you can do when it comes to COVID-19, there are actually an abundant number of ways that you can protect yourself against it. Below, we have listed 6 key actions you can take to do so!

HANDWASHING

am sure that you have heard this many times, but it definitely does not hurt to always be reminded to wash your hands, especially during a time like now. The Centers for Disease Control and Pre-

vention (CDC) has shared on its website the proper steps to take when washing your hands to make sure that you are getting them as clean as you can. 1. Wet your hands with clean, running water (warm or cold), turn off the tap, and apply soap. 2. Lather your hands by rubbing them together with the soap. Lather the backs of your hands, between your fingers, and under your nails. 3. Scrub your hands for at least 20 seconds. Need a timer? Hum the â&#x20AC;&#x153;ABCâ&#x20AC;? song. 4. Rinse your hands well under clean, running water. 5. Dry your hands using a clean towel or air dry them. For detailed instructions, see image on the next page. No place to wash your hands? Although washing your hands with soap and water are the best way to get rid of germs, hand sanitizer that is at least 60% alcohol can help!

DO NOT TOUCH FACE

lthough it can be difficult to not touch your face, make sure that you are not doing so! Touching your face makes it more likely for you to catch COVID-19 because by doing so, you

expose coronavirus (or other germs for that matter) to multiple entrances into your body (i.e. your eyes, mouth, nose, etc.). Thus, it is important that you do not touch your face to protect yourself from the virus!

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ONS TO ADOPT Designed by Hannah Shadmany and Emily Sumpena

Image credit to World Health Organization

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H E A LT H Y AC T I O N S T O A D O P T SOCIAL DISTANCING

am sure by now you have heard the phrase â&#x20AC;&#x153;social distancing,â&#x20AC;? but what does it mean? According to the CDC, social distancing is delib-

erately increasing the physical space between people to avoid spreading illness. This means: working remotely from home, keeping in touch with others virtually and not physically using Zoom, Skype, etc., staying home and avoiding nonessential travel, and staying home when sick. If you do

Photo courtesy to Anna Bassias

have to go out for exercise or groceries, then remember to stay 6 feet away from others, to avoid large crowds/gatherings, and to move off the sidewalk if someone is approaching you from the opposite direction and if you can. Even if you do not have the coronavirus, it is extremely important for everyone to social distance. You never know who is carrying it and who is asymptomatic, and you certainly do not want to be the one to spread it to others.

WEAR A MASK hese can be N-95, surgical, or cloth masks. Masks should fit snugly but comfortably against the side of the face, be secured with ties or ear loops, include multiple layers of fabric, allow

for breathing without restriction, and be able to be laundered and machine dried without damage or change to shape. The mask should be washed routinely depending on frequency of use through a washing machine, and Individuals should be careful not to touch their eyes, nose, and mouth when removing their face covering and wash hands immediately after removing.

WEAR GLOVES o the right is a step-by-step diagram on how to properly take off your gloves without exposing yourself to the contaminated surface. When your gloves are on, be mindful not to touch your

face or contaminate things that you will be using with your bare hands later on.

PROTECT YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM

emember to practice self-care: get enough sleep (at least 8 hours a day) and keep a normal sleeping schedule, make sure your body has the right nutrients - try more fruits and vegetables,

vitamin C supplements, and avoiding junk food, and practice de-stressing techniques, like taking walks, meditation, baking, or playing with pets. Again, protecting your immune system also comes with social distancing by limiting the chances your immune system comes into contact with the virus or other pathogens. Limit public transportation, and only go out when it is necessary.

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Image credit to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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DIY MASKS, SOAP Written by Michelle Ho and Kristy Tjokro

MASKS Method 1. Bandana with hair bands (no sewing needed). Materials: 2 hair ties, 1 bandana (OR piece of cloth 22” square) Instructions: 1. Fold bandana in half 2. Fold bandana into thirds “hot-dog style” 3. Place hair ties 6 inches apart at center 4. Fold sides over to middle 5. Loop hair ties around ears to wear as a mask

Method 2. CDC presents more tutorials for recommended DIY face masks https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/diy-cloth-face-coverings.html

SOAP DIY Melt and Pour soap is a customizable and fun method of making soap. Making soap completely from scratch usually involves more materials and safety equipment because some steps can be dangerous. However, this method is safe and still highly customizable to the scent and color of your liking. Be creative and have fun with it!

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P, A N D S A N I T I Z E R Designed by Hannah Shadmany and Emily Sumpena

SOAP Materials and Equipment: 1. 1 lb store bought Melt & Pour Soap Base

5. Silicone Molds (any shape/size)

2. 1 tsp oil of your choice (olive, coconut, avocado)

6. 1 Pot and 1 Bowl (for a double boiler)

3. Food Coloring (to your liking)

7. Stove

4. 2-3 drops Essential Oil (for scent)

8. Silicone spatula (for mixing)

Instructions: 1. Fill up a pot with water (around 1/3 full).

6. Pour into mold.

2. Boil water and place a bowl over it to make a double boiler.

7. Let sit at room temperature to cool.

3. Melt Soap Base in the double boiler (chopping into smaller

8. Once cool, place the whole mold into a refrig-

pieces may make melting easier). 4. Add in oil, food coloring, and essential oil while mixing. 5. Mix until homogeneous.

erator overnight or until hardened. 9. Pop soap out from mold to use or wrap with plastic wrap until ready to use!

HAND SANITIZER

ashing your hands with soap and water is the most effective way to protect against germs. However, in situations where water and soap is not readily available, hand sanitizer is still effective

against COVID-19. Since hand sanitizer has become scarce in many areas, homemade hand sanitizers have become more popular. When making homemade hand sanitizer, it is important to keep in mind that you should end up with a product with at least 60% alcohol content to be effective against germs!

Materials: 1. 2/3 cup rubbing alcohol (91-99% isopropyl alcohol or ethanol)

4. Bowl 5. Mixing Tool (spoon, spatula, ladle)

2. 1/3 cup aloe vera gel

6. Spray bottle/container

3. Optional: 5-10 drops of essential oil of your liking

7. Funnel (for easy pouring)

Instructions: 1. Wipe down counters to ensure a clean area.

4. Use a funnel to pour into spray bottles or

2. Mix alcohol and aloe vera in a bowl until homogenous.

other containers for use. (Can last weeks

3. Add in optional drops of essential oil and stir.

if properly stored in close container)

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MY THS V Written by Shannon Cheung and William Sugijoto

CONCERNED YOU MAY HAVE COVID-19?

f you are sick and concerned that you have caught the coronavirus, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has provided a reference guide for your next steps. More information can be

found here: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-sick.html

To Summarize: 1. First Monitor Symptoms. 2. Note people you have been in contact with for at least the past week. If your symptoms worsen or you have tested positive for COVID-19, you should contact them immediately to let them know. 3. While sick, stay in one room to limit contact with others and touching multiple surfaces. 4. If you have difficulty breathing, persistent pain, pressure in the chest, bluish lips or face, go to the hospital immediately. Even if you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have COVID-19, these are serious symptoms and should seek immediate medical attention.

DEBUNKING MY THS Myth: Stay away from people of Asian descent because they are more likely to have the virus. Fact: Everyone, no matter their ethnicity, has an equal chance of being infected by COVID-19. Myth: Products shipped from China may contain the virus. Fact: Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not likely that the virus could survive that long on a package, especially after it goes through the extreme temperature changes that occur during an international flight.

Myth: Spraying alcohol or chlorine on your body can kill the new coronavirus. Fact: Spraying alcohol or chlorine on your body cannot kill viruses that have entered your body. These chemicals can also be harmful to clothes, skin, or mucous membranes such as eyes or mouth.

Myth: Are antibiotics effective in preventing and treating the new coronavirus? Fact: No, antibiotics do not work against viruses, only bacteria. 19.

V S . FAC T S Designed by Hannah Shadmany and Emily Sumpena

Myth: A face mask will protect you from COVID-19. Fact: Professional, tight-fitting respirators (e.g. N-95) can protect health care workers as they care for infected patients. For the general public, a lightweight disposable surgical mask will not protect you from the virus as they do not fit tightly and may allow tiny infected droplets to get into the nose, mouth, or eyes. However, according to CDC, face masks will lower the transmission of viruses from you to the atmosphere, such as from speaking, coughing, or sneezing, even if you are not exhibiting any symptoms.

Myth: Vaccines against the flu and pneumonia can protect you against the new coronavirus. Fact: Neither the yearly vaccine against the flu nor the pneumococcal vaccine against pneumonia provide protection against the new coronavirus.

Myth: Drinking methanol, ethanol, or bleach can prevent or cure COVID-19. Fact: Drinking methanol, ethanol, or bleach does not prevent or cure COVID-19 and can be extremely dangerous as they can lead to disability and death.

Myth: Exposing yourself to the sun or to temperatures higher than 25°C prevent the coronavirus disease.

Fact: Exposing yourself to the sun or to temperatures higher than 25°C does not prevent the coronavirus disease. You can catch COVID-19, no matter how sunny or hot the weather is.

Myth: Catching the new coronavirus means you will have it for life. Fact: You can recover from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Catching the new coronavirus does not mean you will have it for life.

Sources include: • World Health Organization (www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters) • Caring Senior Service (www.caringseniorservice.com/blog/infographic-covid-19-myth-vs-fact#text)

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21.

CURRENT

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O N GOIN G C O V I D - 19 RESEARCH Written by Faculty Committee

ollowing the widespread impact of COVID-19, scientists are now working towards learning more about the virus itself so that we can treat and test for COVID-19 more effectively and efficiently. We have outlined below some of the research that institutions around the

nation have been conducting in this effort.

[ J ohns H opkins ]

ohn Hopkins is conducting a wide array of research surrounding COVID-19. Some areas of interest include how the virus affects the heart as well as whether blood taken from patients who have recovered from COVID-19 can be used to treat current COVID-19

patients. This method aims to isolate the component antibodies, which actively fight the disease, to be able to use them in treating patients. Researchers are also currently working towards developing a vaccine. They are exploring different vaccine types. One such type of vaccine being explored is a DNA-based protein which, when administered, would cause the body to produce proteins that are similar/the same as COVID-19 proteins, and would therefore cause our bodies to produce antibodies to fight the proteins. Thus, when infected with the actual virus, we would have the antibodies to

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fight off the virus. Another option for the vaccine would be a protein-based vaccine, in which certain proteins of COVID-19, which will not actually cause the disease, are administered to the vaccine recipient so that they can develop their own personal antibodies to fight off the disease should they ever be infected.

[ U niversit y of C alifornia , S an F rancisco , U niversit y of C alifornia , B erkeley , and I nnovative G enomics I nstitute ]

esearchers at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) are currently collaborating with researchers at New York University to investigate whether colchicine, an existing drug used to treat a form of arthritis, can be effective in treating COVID-19. At the mo-

ment, there is an ongoing drug trial for 6,000 subjects aged over 40 in a double-blind trial, where the subjects are split into two groups: placebo group and drug group. Neither group knows whether they had received the placebo or actual drug, nor do the physicians treating them. The effectiveness of the drug will be evaluated based on the numbers of patients who are hospitalized or pass away due to COVID-19.

he Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI), which typically conducts research on genome engineering and biotechnology as a partnership between University of California, Berkeley (UCB) and UCSF, has quickly responded to the ongoing novel coronavirus situation by

pivoting their lab to fully focus on slowing the spread of COVID-19. The executive director of IGI is Dr. Jennifer Doudna, a co-developer of CRISPR and professor in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at UCB. In just a few weeks after putting out a call for volunteers, researchers, and local biotech and data management companies, volunteers were able to set up a critical testing lab that normally would have taken months or even years to prepare. According to IGI’s website, they use a “FDA-approved, RT-PCR based test that looks for the presence of viral RNA” to detect the virus in samples. But what sets this testing site apart is that it relies on the use of robotic technology to minimize human error and increase productivity, increasing the throughput to over 1,000 tests per day with results available in less than 24 hours. This significantly increases the Bay Area’s COVID-19 testing capacity and within a week of beginning their first sample testing, UCB’s students, faculty, and staff can now be tested through the University Health Services. In order to expedite the creation of more

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ONGO ING C O V I D - 19 RESEARCH testing laboratories around the globe, IGI has publicly released a blueprint of their new setup as well as instructions and a guide to smooth testing (see figure).

“Blueprint for a Pop-up SARS-CoV-2 Testing Lab” IGI (Supplemental Figure 1)

dditionally, a team of researchers at UCSF, UCB, the Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, and IGI came together to evaluate the use of lateral flow assays, which are also called rapid serology tests, and ELISA immunoassays in the detection of anti-COVID-19

antibodies. Serology tests are important in detecting the bodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s exposure to certain pathogens, examining the antibodies present in the blood for insight regarding the bodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s immune response. This study took serological samples of individuals with positive COVID-19 testings via real-time PCR, other respiratory viruses, and negative COVID-19 testings and ran them through the 2 serology assays. The team found that positive serology test results rose as the time from symptom onset hit the 16-20 and 20+ day range and that IgM and IgG results achieved the highest detection rates. The team suggests that serological testing has potential to be a supplementary diagnostic tool for COVID-19, but more experimentation must be conducted to address problems. They report updated data on https:// covidtestingproject.org.

rofessors and faculty at UC Berkeley are integral in the ongoing research of COVID-19. Dr. Julia Schaletzsky is the Executive Director at The Center for Emerging & Neglected Diseases at UC Berkeley. She has been a crucial part of the ongoing research at IGI,

helping launch the campus clinical testing initiative. Her focus is on the discovery of novel therapeutics with CEND Drug Discovery Center, collaborating on more than 10 different projects. She was also a part of the international COVID-19 2-day hackathon, which resulted in two award-winning research proposals: one for a Point of Care testing device, and the other for a low-cost ventilator. She has also been at the forefront for raising money and donations to fund further research and proposals, while also working through TV, radio, and print in order to convey important and necessary information out to the general public.

hanks to the efficient progression of research from those working at these various universities and institutes, it is promising that the spread of the novel coronavirus can be slowed, and the combined efforts of all of these workers and volunteers can be a source of hope

during a time of doubt. Sources

used

https://www.smartpatients.com/trials/NCT04322682 https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2020/04/417196/clinical-trial-testing-if-common-anti-inflammatory-drug-reduces-hospitalization https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/coronavirus/articles/vaccine-development.html http://pathology.jhu.edu/department/COVID-19-research.cfm https://innovativegenomics.org/news/covid-19-testing-lab/ https://keypoint.keystonesymposia.org/features/covid-19-hackathon-award-winning-designs-for-diagnostics-ventilators/

26.

PHARMA

27.

BREAK

CEUTICAL THROUGHS

28.

Corpor Curing Written by Education Committee

As of

April 2020, more than

antibody-mediated

immune

200 treatments and

sponses. In parallel to INOV-

vaccines for COVID-19 are being developed

IO’s Phase 1 INO-4800

around the world. Some are still in devel-

study on vaccine immu-

opment as a direct treatment for COVID-19,

nogenicity and safety, a

while other repurposed drugs are already in

Phase 1/2 clinical

clinical trials. Industry, however, still leads the

trial of INO-

way in the most promising treatments. Many

4800 has also

notable ones are discussed below.

re-

been launched in South Korea through the

INOVIO Pharmaceuticals

company’s collaboration

is currently developing a DNA vaccine can-

with the Korea National

didate, INO-4800, to prevent COVID-19 in-

Institute of Health. Two differ-

fection. DNA vaccines directly deliver a DNA

ent rheumatoid arthritis drugs

plasmid containing the DNA sequence of the

have been repurposed to

target antigen and rely on the cell to produce

treat the inflammatory ef-

the antigen to stimulate T-cell and

fects of COVID-19.

“Industr y, ho

leads the way promising t 29.

rations

COVID

One of the inflammatory path-

While preliminary Phase 2 trial analysis

ways involves excess se-

showed intravenous Kevzara lowered C-re-

cretion

interleukin-6

active protein, an inflammation biomarker

(IL-6) protein, so sari-

found at high levels in COVID-19 patients,

lumab, which is mar-

more efficacy assessment on this repurposed

Kevzara,

therapy is still underway. The second drug,

inflamma-

baricitinib, which is sold as Olumiant, acts

tion by inhibiting IL-6

by inhibiting specific kinases that act within

from attaching to its re-

the inflammatory pathway. Pharmaceutical

ceptors. This may contribute

corporation Lilly signed an agreement with

to mitigating the overactive

the NIH and NIAID to add Baricitinib to the

inflammatory response poten-

Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial. Clinical

tially driven by IL-6 in the lungs of

trials are set to begin this month and will in-

critically ill COVID-19 pa-

clude patients at high risk of acute respiratory

tients.

distress syndrome (ARDS).

keted

attenuates

ow e ve r, s t i l l

y in the most r e a m e n t s .â&#x20AC;? 30.

Corpor Curing Gilead Sciences, Inc.

Moderna, Inc.

repurposed the investigational compound

rently developing a vaccine,

remdesivir, originally created for Ebola to

mRNA-1273, for COVID-19.

combat COVID-19. Remdesivir is a nucleo-

Their approach is to use

tide imitator that is metabolized into its ac-

mRNA as the immunity

tive form in the body and interferes with RNA

granting vector â&#x20AC;&#x201D;the

polymerase and prematurely terminates RNA

body itself trans-

chains. This action ultimately reduces viral

lates the injected

RNA and thus viral replication. Trials for this

RNA into antibodies

drug were held in China from 53 severely ill

that can grant immunity.

COVID-19 patients. It showed more success

These vaccines are power-

in another trial in England. Gilead is work-

ful in that they can be more

ing with the CDC, FDA, and WHO to try to

easily personalized and can

expand access and trials to this drug. As of

be modified to reduce deg-

April 29, 2020, remdesivir has seen success

radation once in the body,

in Phase 3 clinical trials and is considered to

causing a longer effective

be effective for COVID-19 treatment.

period.

31.

Structure of remdesivir

is also cur-

rations

COVID As of April 2020, the vaccine has progressed to Phase I of clinical trials.

any

pharmaceu-

tical

companies

beyond the aforementioned have begun in-

vestigating other potential therapeutics to COVID-19. Considering the myriad of different treatments, it is easy to see that there are many mechanisms within the immune system and viral replication to target in

All of this emphasizes the importance of basic biological and chemical research like that conducted at UC Berkeley and around the world every day--none of these treatments would be possible without it.

treatments.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Remdesivir has seen success in Phase 3 clinical trials and is considered to be effective for COVID-19 treatment.â&#x20AC;?

32.

RESOURCES

33.

TO-DOS Designed by Emily Sumpena Image Credit: United Nations

34.

Resources

Written by Student Committee and External Committee

uring an unprecedented crisis like the one we are facing right now, it is very easy to be misguided by false information. Many media sources might be providing inaccurate data that make us feel more threatened than neces-

sary. Some reports initially made many people underestimate the danger of the infectious disease. In fact, it was not until two months into the outbreak that COVID-19 was announced to be a pandemic and people started to practice self-quarantine. It is important that we stay updated about the outbreak by using reliable websites. Let’s take this opportunity to review two of the most trustworthy online resources that are available.

List of online resources and their descriptions: • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html

CDC is an organization under the Department of Health and Human Services. The website has a daily updated page showing data on the number of confirmed cases and deaths in the U.S. Adding yourself to the email list from the website is highly recommended for anyone currently in the U.S.

Includes: • Ways to protect yourself • Steps to take if you are sick • Symptoms to watch out for • A guide to help you make decisions and seek appropriate medical care. 35.

To-Dos Designed by Emily Sumpena

• California Coronavirus (COVID-19) Response https://covid19.ca.gov/

California Coronavirus (COVID-19) Response

is an official

California State Government website that is constantly updated by California Health and Human Services Agency. This website provides the number of cases and deaths in California, and is releasing hospital data, PPE county maps, and cases by county information as an open dataset. Similarly to the CDC website, this resource shows us symptoms to look for and how to get tested. Other important information included in this state government website are about discrimination, guide for immigrants in California, and volunteer opportunities to help Californians.

Includes Links To:

What you can do -

How you can help -

• Know symptoms and risks

• Take the recovery survey

• Get testing and treatment

• Provide meals for seniors

• Get financial help

• Fight discrimination

• Get food and food assistance

• Join the California Health Corps

• Manage your stress

• Check-in on older Californians

• Emotional Health resources

• Volunteer in your community

• Get help for immigrants

• Support a nonprofit

• Get help for small businesses

• Offer supplies and contributions

• Sign up for alerts in your county

• Submit tech solutions 36.

Resources

Activities to do & resources during shelter-in-place: 1. Counseling • Berkeley Free Clinic Peer Counseling: http://www.berkeleyfreeclinic.org/shelterinplace-services • This resource is a safe space for you to reflect and talk through your thoughts with volunteers trained in active listening without judgement. Peer Counseling is offered free of charge Mon - Fri 6:30-9pm and Sat 12-2:30PM via phone [(510) 548-2570] during COVID-19 shelter in place.

2. Learn a Language • Available resources includes Duolingo and a free 3 month trial of Rosetta Stone • Pick your pace as you immerse yourself into a new language and culture!

3. Pick Up a New Hobby • In these stressful times, it is especially important to set aside time to unwind and do something other than just work and/or school. With some of the free time many of us have suddenly found in our lives, now is the perfect opportunity to try out an activity that you always wanted to or discover something new! • Drawing: Don’t worry if your first drawing doesn’t turn out like a Van Gogh; drawing takes time and practice - something you’ll have plenty of during shelterin-place! You can start simple with just a pencil and paper, but as your confidence and ability grows, expand to different mediums like watercolor or paint. Whether you’re just doodling whenever and whatever comes to mind or work on large works as a long-term project. In a time where your mind is probably bored of the same time, drawing can be a great way to flex your creativity and use your imagination! • Will Kemp Art School: https://willkempartschool.com/ • Learn about and try out different art styles such as acrylics, oils, and drawing from the free video tutorials and blog posts provided on this site. 37.

To-Dos

• Cooking/Baking: Chances are, you won’t be going out too often to eat for the next few months, so you may as well hone in on your culinary skills! • Food Networking Cooking: https://www.youtube.com/user/FoodNetworkTV/featured • Look through the Food Network Youtube channel to find many different easy recipes to do at home. • Banana Bread: https://divascancook.com/moist-banana-bread-recipe-easy/ • Have bananas that are too ripe but you don’t want to throw away? Use this recipe to make delicious, moist banana bread! • Caramel Flan: www.thespruceeats.com/caramel-flan-individual-servings-2343004 • Flan is a perfect dessert regardless of the season or weather! Use this recipe to give yourself a nice reward to snack on while watching Netflix.

4. Exercise • Chuze Fitness on Demand: https://chuzefitness.com/chuze-on-demand/ • Chuze Fitness on Demand offers free online gym workouts for you to stay healthy and have fun without having to leave your house. Sessions are led by Chuze gym instructors and consist of yoga, core, HIIT, and a variety of other fun sessions. Find the workout that is best for you! • Meditation - Jason Stephenson: https://www.youtube.com/user/ILoveJuicyShow/videos • Jason Stephenson’s channel on Youtube has sleep music, meditation, relaxation, and wellness videos that will help you destress after a long day.

5. Travel Virtually • Virtual Museum Visits: https://artsandculture.google.com/partner • Easily access more than 2,000 museums from around the world and enjoy the exhibits and art they have to offer • Visit 31 National Parks in the U.S.: https://artsandculture.google.com/search/streetview?project=national-park-service

• Use Google Earth to tour 113 national park sites in 360-degrees. 38.

WE NEE H

Fro m do n a ti n g t o he a l t h org aniza ti o n s , t o s p r e a d i n g a w aren ess on l i n e , o r ev e n st a yi ng a t ho me so c i a l d i s t a n c in g , we need your hel p , suppor t, an d c o o r p o ra t io n t o overcom e t hese unp rece d ente d ti mes t o g e t he r a s o ne f a m i l y, com m uni t y, a nd nation.

D YOUR L

GoFundMe Food Ba nk Dona tions Hosp i t a l P P E Dona tions CO VID- 19 Resea rch Funds Resp onse a nd Recover y Funds ▷ A m e r i c a n Re d Cross P l a sm a Dona t i on Program

• • • • • •

gofundme

. c o m

gofu nd me . c om/f/feeder “East Bay FeedER’s goal is to feed the emergency department and the ICU in five East

LOCAL

Bay hospitals two meals a day.”

gofu nd me . c om/f/bay-are a-suppor t “All proceeds will go into helping Bay Area union service workers and their families.”

gofu nd me . c om/f/NHFC19R elief “The Navajo Nation and Hopi Reservation are extreme food deserts with low grocery store to population ratio and high numbers of elderly and asthmatic individuals.

GLOBAL

These communities could be devastated by COVID-19. We want to help them.”

gofundme .com/f/hand-sanitizer -manufacturing “Reach Out WorldWide, a 501(c)(3) organization, is aiming to help curb the spread of COVID-19 by manufacturing and distributing sanitation spray and sanitation gels following approved WHO specifications.”

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AND MORE...

F O O D B A N KS Food banks are currently facing increasing demands during COVID-19. Due to high job unemployment rates and the lack of food sources from schools, food banks have been expe riencing long queues and are in need of food, volunteers, and monetar y donations. Please consider donating to your local or national food banks, such as the few listed below.

B AY A R E A UC Berkeley Food Pantry Alameda County Community Food Bank

https://pantry.berkeley.edu/ www.accfb.org

NATIONWIDE Feeding America

feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america

Meals on Wheels

mealsonwheelsamerica.org

Our Hospitals are fighting hard,

what can YOU do?

As the number of COVID-19 cases continues to rise, hospitals are now experiencing an increasing demand for essential supplies, especially personal protective equipment (PPE). Severe shortages in supplies caused by rising cases of hospitalization and mass panic-buying are leaving both frontline health workers and patients without simple yet lifesaving PPE, such as masks, gloves, gowns, respirators. Many hospitals are now accepting open donations in the form of cash, PPE, and various other supplies. This would be the perfect opportunity for people with extra stock of supplies to directly contribute to front-line efforts in their community!

Berkeley Berkeley City Council member Rashi Kesarwani is heading an effort to pick up PPE and supplies from local residents for hospital around Berkeley. Contact her office at 510-981-7110 or rkesarwani@cityofberkeley.info, or visit rashikesarwani.com/covid-19 to fill out a donation form and arrange a pickup.

UCSF UCSF has set up three donation sites that will be operating 7 days a week, from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. List of unused supplies needed: N95 respirators and surgical masks, disposable gloves, hand sanitizer, disinfectants and disinfecting wipes, protective goggles. All must be packaged except for masks. For more information, please contact: CovidPPEdonations@ucsf.edu or visit coronavirus.ucsf.edu

Alameda Health Systems Drop off PPE supplies at Fairmont Campus, Central Supply Service, 15400 Foothill Blvd., San Leandro, CA 94578 (between Building E and the cafeteria). Open Monday to Friday, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. For additional details or to make a monetary donation please visit the AHS website, email AHSF.admin@alamedahealthsystem.org, or call 510-271-2500.

Wider Community

Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t live around these hospitals? No worries! Websites like GetusPPE.org and DonatePPE.org help connect you with your local hospitals. They provide detailed instructions and protocol for donations to ensure your donation experience is a breeze.

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donations for R E S E A R C H Researchers across the globe are working to develop effective methods to diagnose, treat, and prevent COVID-19. There is this misconception that because one isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t well-versed in medicinal or biological practices that they cannot help in this field. However, the public can still contribute to the cause through donations to research facilities.

Innovative Genomics Institute

give.berkeley.edu/fund/?f=FN7479000

There is a great demand for more staff, equipment, reagents, and administrative support. To help further research in understanding and combating the virus, money donations, small or large, are greatly appreciated and can be made on their website.

Johns Hopkins Medical Hospitals

hopkinsmedicine.org/coronavirus/giving.html

Donations such as PPE, medical equipment, and money help to support both patient care and research. One can also donate their talents by sewing together masks for non-patient care settings. Details can be found on their website.

CDC Foundation

give4cdcf.org

They have set up a campaign, â&#x20AC;&#x153;All of Us: Combat Coronavirus,â&#x20AC;? where the public contribute in the form of social media to raise support and spread news about the COVID-19 emergency response. Money donations can be made on their website.

Any donation, whether you donate supplies, money, or time, goes a long way towards research and care regarding the virus. Thank you for your efforts and stay safe.

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HOW WILL WE RECOVER? YOUR DONATIONS MATTER. Go Home Go Local

COVID-19 Community This is a fund to help low-wage communities make sure they are receiving accurate information to help Response and fight the virus and help them access much-needed food and supplies they cannot afford. Recovery Fund unitedway.org/recovery/covid19

UCSF Response Fund

Your donations will go to the expansion of UCSFâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s testing capacity, medical equipment, patient housing, as well as compensating the diligent staff who are working to keep these patients safe.

Go Global 45.

COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund for WHO

giving.ucsf.edu/

Tracking and performing research to understand the virus, the workers at the World Health Organization need the proper funding and research equipment to fight back against the coronavirus.

covid19responsefund.org

Plasma Donations from Recovered COVID-19 Patients

In coordination with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Red Cross is seeking people who are fully recovered from the new coronavirus to sign up to donate plasma to help current COVID-19 patients. People who have fully recovered from COVID-19 have antibodies in their plasma that can attack the virus. This convalescent plasma is being evaluated as treatment for patients with serious or immediately life-threatening COVID-19 infections, or those judged by a healthcare provider to be at high risk of progression to severe or life-threatening disease.

CO V I D - 19 Co n v a l e s ce n t P l a s m a Pr o g ra m

| w w w . re d c r o s s b l o o d . o r g

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Fre q u e n t l y A s k e d Q u e s t i o n s Written by Executive Committee

1. What is a novel coronavirus? The novel coronavirus (aka COVID-19) is newly identified, and it is different from the coronavirus commonly circulating among humans that causes common colds. 2. What is known about the clinical severity of COVID-19? The severity ranges from person to person, and is compounded by other factors. When infected with COVID-19, some people may exhibit no/minor symptoms, while others may become very sick or even die. Older people, immunocompromised people, and people with pre-existing heart/lung issues have a higher risk of developing more severe illness. 3. When is someone infectious? The period of infectiousness of COVID-19 is still unknown. Early evidence suggests that people are infectious right after they contract the virus, and at this point they might not even have symptoms yet. Existing literature regarding SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses (e.g. MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV) suggest that the incubation period may range from 2–14 days. 4. How can I get infected? The virus spreads from person to person, mainly through respiratory droplets when the infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or exhales. These small droplets land on your skin and can enter your body when you touch your eyes, face, nose, or mouth. The droplets can be inhaled but this can be prevented by keeping your distance from a person who is sick. 5. Should I get a face mask? The virus can spread between people interacting in close proximity—for example, speaking, coughing, or sneezing—even if those people are not exhibiting symptoms. In light of this evidence, CDC recommends wearing cloth face coverings in public settings where other social distancing measures are difficult to maintain (for example, grocery stores and pharmacies) especially in areas of significant community-based transmission. people who are ill with a respiratory disease can wear a mask to prevent spreading the illness to others. 6. Can coronavirus live on objects? Mail from affected areas? Clothes? There is no evidence at present that items imported from affected areas and shipped or mailed over the course of days or weeks are spreading COVID-19. Although the new coronavirus weakens and dies over time outside of the human body, studies suggest that it can live on surfaces for a few hours or up to several days, depending on surface, temperature and other environmental factors. For instance, a small amount of the new coronavirus is still detectable on plastic surfaces for up to three days, on stainless steel for up to two days and up to one day on cardboard, but it’s at less than 0.1% of the starting virus material. So far, evidence suggests that the virus does not survive as well on a soft surface (such as fabric) as it does on frequently touched hard surfaces like elevator buttons and door handles. More research will provide information on the coronavirus and how long it lives on surfaces. In the meantime, wash your hands thoroughly after handling mail, and carefully dispose of all outer packaging.

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7. Is it safe to order take-out? According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), there have not been any cases of COVID-19 known to be caused from eating food or handling food packaging. Here are some steps you can follow to help protect yourself when ordering groceries or carryout: • Before ordering groceries or carryout, check to see if you can pay online or over the phone. • Ask the delivery person to leave your packages at the door or on the porch. • If you go in person and curbside pickup is not available, make sure you maintain 6 feet of distance between you and the cashier. • Because carryout bags and containers have been touched recently by others, it is important to wash your hands after handling these. • Dispose of all packaging, and wash your hands again before eating. 8. Should I stop going to the gym? As the new coronavirus is spreading, be cautious about all possible exposures, including at the gym or fitness center. The virus isn’t spread through perspiration (sweat), but items touched by many people (barbells, etc.) could pose a risk. In order to practice social and physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is best to avoid public places at this time. 9. Is grocery shopping safe during the coronavirus pandemic? It’s best not to make unnecessary trips, but if you need to go to a grocery store, it’s important to maintain social and physical distancing as you shop, and to clean your hands often while shopping and as soon as you get home. Here are some other suggestions: • Have one adult go shopping instead of the whole family, especially since children like to touch objects and then their faces. • Plan to stock up for at least a week so you can minimize the number of trips. • When you’re at the store, stay at least 6 feet away from others. • Clean the handle of the shopping basket or cart with a disinfectant wipe or hand sanitizer. • Don’t touch your face, and keep your phone in your pocket because it may harbor viruses — use a paper list instead. • Hard surfaces are more likely to be contaminated than soft surfaces (such as fabric), so be mindful of commonly touched surfaces such as payment equipment and self-checkout machines. • If you use reusable shopping bags, wipe them with disinfectant or launder them once you’ve put your groceries away. • Wear a cloth face covering if you are not able to practice social distancing while shopping. 10. Can children get infected with COVID-19? Yes. Children can catch the virus which causes COVID-19. However, children are no more likely to get COVID-19 than adults, and when they do catch it, they typically have mild symptoms, and many have no symptoms at all. It is not clear whether children are less likely to catch the virus. Since they often have milder symptoms than adults, it may be that their cases are just less likely to be detected. Data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported fewer infections in teenagers and children than in older people. This same pattern was seen during the 2002-2003 outbreaks of SARS coronavirus, a virus that is closely related to the COVID-19 virus.

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Fre q u e n t l y A s k e d Q u e s t i o n s 11. I am pregnant. Do I need to take special precautions? Pregnant women experience immunologic and physiologic changes which might make them more susceptible to viral respiratory infections. It is possible that pregnant women will be more susceptible to COVID-19 and have more severe infection; however, so far pregnant patients do not seem to be experiencing more infections or more severe symptoms than nonpregnant adults. Pregnant women should follow the same precautions as nonpregnant patients: • Wash your hands often with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. • Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands. • Avoid close contact with people outside of your home Do not come to work if you are sick. • Avoid all non-essential travel Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze and throw the tissue in the trash. Then wash your hands with soap and water. • Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces. • Stay home as much as possible, and if you need to go out, avoid crowded public spaces staying at least 6 feet away from all other persons. Wear a mask or cloth face covering when you are in public places, such as the grocery store. Please do not wear a mask with a valve, as these masks allow droplet release and do not protect others who may be nearby. 12. Can COVID-19 be caught from a person who has no symptoms? COVID-19 is mainly spread through respiratory droplets expelled by someone who is coughing or has other symptoms such as fever or tiredness. Many people with COVID-19 experience only mild symptoms. This is particularly true in the early stages of the disease. It is possible to catch COVID-19 from someone who has just a mild cough and does not feel ill. Some reports have indicated that people with no symptoms can transmit the virus. It is not yet known how often it happens. WHO is assessing ongoing research on the topic and will continue to share updated findings. 13. Does COVID-19 present a risk to the safety of the nation’s blood supply? In general, respiratory viruses are not known to be transmitted by blood transfusion, and there have been no reported cases of transfusion-transmitted coronavirus. 14. Can I catch COVID-19 from my pet? Several dogs and cats (domestic cats and a tiger) in contact with infected humans have tested positive for COVID-19. In addition, ferrets appear to be susceptible to the infection. In experimental conditions, both cats and ferrets were able to transmit infection to other animals of the same species, but there is no evidence that these animals can transmit the disease to human and play a role in spreading COVID-19. COVID-19 is mainly spread through droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. It is still recommended that people who are sick with COVID-19 and people who are at risk limit contact with companion and other animals. When handling and caring for animals, basic hygiene measures should always be implemented. This includes hand washing after handling animals, their food, or supplies, as well as avoiding kissing, licking or sharing food.

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15. Is hand sanitizer effective against COVID-19? The best way to prevent the spread of infections and decrease the risk of getting sick is by washing your hands with plain soap and water, advises the CDC. Washing hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds is essential, especially after going to the bathroom; before eating; and after coughing, sneezing, or blowing one’s nose. If soap and water are not available, CDC recommends consumers use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. 16. Is there a test for COVID-19? Yes, there are tests for COVID-19. Though there is currently no FDA-approved or cleared test for COVID-19, the FDA has issued several Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs). During public health emergencies declared under section 564 of the FD&C Act, the FDA is able to issue EUAs when certain criteria are met that allows for the use and distribution of potentially life-saving medical products to diagnose, treat, or prevent the disease, which can include diagnostic tests. 17. How are people tested for COVID-19? To be tested for COVID-19, a sample is typically collected from your nose and/or throat with a special swab at a designated collection location staffed by health care professionals. Currently, a health care professional swabbing the back of the nasal cavity through the nostril is the preferred choice. Alternatively, the health care professional may swab the back of your throat, or for patients with symptoms of COVID-19, the inside of the front of the nose. Depending on, among other things, the type of swab used, a health care professional may collect the sample, or you may be able to collect the sample yourself at the collection site under the supervision of healthcare personnel. Testing of the sample is performed in a laboratory on the prescription or order of a healthcare professional. 18. I want to know more about the scientific understanding of the COVID-19 viruses. Where can I learn more about the virus, with a focus on molecular virology? In the YouTube video, “Coronaviruses 101: Focus on Molecular Virology” by Innovative Genomics Institute - IGI, UC Berkeley professor and IGI Investigator Britt Glaunsinger, PhD, explains the evolution, genetics, and virulence of coronaviruses. The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the importance of studying the genetic landscape and molecular structures of coronaviruses. Hear Dr. Glaunsinger break down the latest scientific understanding of these viruses and what questions remain unanswered. This video is intended for a scientific audience with an understanding of genetics and molecular biology. 19. I have more questions. Where can I ask my questions to a scientist about the coronavirus? Visit https://covid19.fas.org/ to search for and/or ask any question you have about the novel coronavirus. Many questions have been answered, and any new questions will be answered as soon as possible by a credible professional from the network of researchers and volunteers with the Federation of American Scientists at the New York University. *All sources of information for the FAQ are gathered from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Federation of American Scientists (FAS); the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF); the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA); John Hopkins Medicine; and the World Health Organization (WHO). Additional information can be located at the following links: • www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html • covid19.fas.org/ • https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/coronavirus-frequently-asked-questions • https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses • https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-frequently-asked-Wquestions • https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/faq-coronavirus-and-pregnant-patients

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Our Officers Fundraising Committee:

Executive Committee:

Emily Sumpena (Chair, Editor-in-Chief*) Cindy Quang (Co-President) Iris Wu (Co-President) Kyle Lin Anne Chen (Vice President) Rachael Peng Rulan Yi (Secretary, Historian) Hannah Shadmany Savana Zand

Faculty Committee: Anvita Kulshrestha (Chair) Caroline Cao Hannah Chen Christina Lee Cynthia Liu Neecki Zand

Outreach Committee: Michelle Tang (Co-Chair) Albert Yeung (Co-Chair) Bryan Chang Ashley Goyal Saloni Patel Kyle Yang Han Zhang

Student Committee: Minori Aoki (Chair) Jessica Lam Ajitesh Nanda Charlene Wang

Education Committee: Nicole Xu (Chair) Alisa Koay Abbey Suhaili Xavier Tao Jocelyn Xie

Event Committee: Alice Wang (Co-Chair) Lisa Watanuki (Co-Chair) Anna Bassias Shannon Cheung Natalia Garcia Michelle Ho William Sugijoto Kristy Tjorko

External Committee: Ivy Phan (Co-Chair) Manisha Ummadi (Co-Chair) Austine Peng (Treasurer) Lillie Bui Justin Lee

*At first, I wasn’t sure where my idea of creating our first magazine issue would go. However, due to shelter-in-place orders that deferred all in-person events, I envisioned the initiation of a virtual project that could still fulfill this organization’s mission. By applying our passions in humanities into biology, I hope to create a larger, more philanthropic impact, while continuing to connect our creations to the greater community — to you. This special edition is dedicated to you, your family, and your loved ones. The start of this new decade has been and will continue to be challenging for all of us. I only hope our words have helped you understand more of our current events, and more of what you can do, what you can adapt to, in your daily life hereinafter to improve global welfare. I want to thank all healthcare workers, educators, and service workers, who have been serving tirelessly in our communities and population for our well-being. I want to thank mcbUSA for trusting and supporting me into leading this project — this magazine means a lot to me. I finally want to personally thank you for flipping and reading through these pages, and for constructing a welcoming, open-minded space for people from different backgrounds and life stories to walk through. I sincerely hope you enjoyed our first special edition issue! Please feel free to check out our website mcbusa.berkeley.edu and reach out to us at mcbusa@gmail.com if you have any questions or comments. All images in this magazine are taken from unsplash.com unless noted.