2013 Minnesota Cow-Calf Business Report™
University of Minnesota
Beef Team
Credits This publication is a collation of data collected by the University of Minnesota Center for Farm Financial Management, analyzed and reported by the University of Minnesota Beef Team. 2013 Minnesota Cow-Calf Business Report. Copyright 2013. All data was collected by the University of Minnesota Center for Farm Financial Management: University of Minnesota Center for Farm Financial Management 130 Rattan Hall 1994 Buford Ave. St. Paul, MN 55108 Phone: 612.625.1964 Email: cffm@umn.edu Web: http://cffm.umn.edu A special thanks to the faculty and staff at the UMN, North Central Research & Outreach Center: University of Minnesota North Central Research & Outreach Center 1861 Highway 169 Grand Rapids, MN 55744 Phone: 218.327.4490 Email: lstanley@umn.edu Web: http://ncroc.cfans.umn.edu Cover Photo: Cowherd at NCROC Grand Rapids, MN by ???? The content in this report is provided by the University of Minnesota Cooperative Extension Service and the University of Minnesota Beef Team. The cost of this report is to cover printing, binding, shipping, and handling charges incurred to make this report available to the public. For the electronic version, the e-fee covers the cost of the server space, access fees, and ecosts incurred to maintain this report on the web.
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Introduction Dear Friends,
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2012 Cow-Calf Cost Profile Item
Cost/Cow
Direct Expenses Protein Vit Minerals
$40.59
Complete ration
$18.04
Corn
$13.00
Corn silage
$55.59
Alfalfa hay
$79.67
Grass hay
$161.09
Pasture
$45.66
Other feed stuffs
$42.31
Veterinary
$24.83
Supplies
$44.25
Fuel & Oil
$31.16
Repairs
$35.01
Operating interest Total direct expenses
$8.01 $599.20
Overhead Expenses Hired labor
$7.90
RE & personal property taxes
$6.29
Farm insurance
$13.33
Utilities
$12.21
Dues & professional fees
$6.72
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Interest
$20.17
Machine & building depreciation
$37.58
Miscellaneous
$8.89
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$113.08
Total Annual Cow Cost
$712.28
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Total overhead expenses
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2012 Cow-Calf Herd Efficiency Summary Measurement Pregnancy percentage
96.1%
Pregnancy loss percentage
2.7%
Cow Culling percentage
12%
Calving percentage
93.6%
Weaning percentage
89.1%
Calf death loss percentage
5%
Average weaning weight
540 lbs.
Lbs weaned/exposed female
481 lbs.
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2012 Cow-Calf Herd Economics Summary Measurement Calf Cost Breakeven Total Feed Cost per Cow Feed Cost Ratio
$1.48/lb. $455.94 64%
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2012 Cow-Calf Backgrounding Cost Profile Item
Cost/head
Direct Expenses Protein Vit Minerals
$4.96
Complete ration
$3.12
Corn
$22.92
Corn silage
$32.79
Alfalfa hay
$12.96
Grass hay
$28.73
Oats
$0.29
Pasture
$0.00
Distillers grains
$45.03
Other feed stuffs
$10.08
Veterinary
$18.15
Supplies
$7.24
Fuel & Oil
$8.26
Repairs
$18.18
Custom hire
$0.21
Hired labor
$0.41
Hauling and trucking
$4.93
Marketing
$7.66
Operating interest
$5.63
Total direct expenses
$240.99
Overhead Expenses Hired labor
$0.31
Utilities
$3.53
Interest
$3.74
Machine & building depreciation
$5.28
Miscellaneous
$7.00
Total overhead expenses
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$19.86
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2012 Cow-Calf Backgrounding Performance Summary
Average Weight In Average Weight Out Total Gain Percent Death Loss Average Daily Gain Feed Conversion Cost of Gain (Feed) Total Feed Cost per Head Breakeven
430 lbs. 767 lbs. 337lbs. 1.5% 1.54 lbs./day 12.54:1 $66.02 $170.32 $1.00/lb.
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2012 Corn Silage Cost Profile Item
Cost/acre
Direct Expenses Seed Fertilizer Crop chemicals Crop insurance Storage Packaging and supplies Fuel & oil Repairs Custom hire Hired labor Land rent Machinery leases Utilities Hauling and trucking Marketing Operating interest Miscellaneous Total direct expenses per acre
$96.55 $100.87 $34.24 $20.22 $3.14 $1.96 $54.76 $68.13 $49.26 $4.39 $134.55 $2.44 $0.62 $0.24 $0.67 $5.22 $7.9 $585.18
Overhead Expenses Custom hire Hired labor Machinery leases Building leases Farm insurance Utilities Dues & professional fees Interest Mach & bldg depreciation Miscellaneous Total overhead expenses per acre
Total Cost per Acre
Yield per acre (ton)
Total Cost per Ton
$0.47 $28.26 $5.07 $3.66 $7.12 $4.34 $3.44 $10.48 $47.61 $9.28 $119.72
$704.9
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$36.71
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2012 Alfalfa Hay Cost Profile Item
Cost/acre
Direct Expenses Seed Fertilizer Crop chemicals Crop insurance Storage Packaging and supplies Fuel & oil Repairs Custom hire Hired labor Land rent Machinery leases Utilities Hauling and trucking Marketing Operating interest Miscellaneous Total direct expenses per acre
$2.05 $55.48 $10.87 $3.71 $2.44 $1.36 $49.97 $65.44 $38.39 $4.26 $143.21 $2.56 $0.62 $0.69 $1.02 $5.8 $7.31 $395.18
O verhead Expenses Custom hire Hired labor Machinery leases Building leases Farm insurance Utilities Dues & professional fees Interest Mach & bldg depreciation Miscellaneous Total overhead expenses per acre
$0.31 $25.96 $5.43 $3.01 $7.22 $4.93 $3.3 $9.68 $43.38 $8.97 $112.18
Total Cost per Acre
$507.36
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Yield per acre (ton)
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Total Cost per Ton
4.65
$109.10
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2012 Grass Hay Cost Profile Item
Cost/acre
Direct Expenses Fertilizer Non-chemical crop protect Crop insurance Storage Packaging and supplies Fuel & oil Repairs Custom hire Hired labor Land rent Machinery leases Hauling and trucking Operating interest Miscellaneous Total direct expenses per acre
$11.96 $0.1 $0.04 $1.53 $23.54 $21.86 $4.2 $0.29 $34.74 $0.07 $0.89 $4.43 $2.32 $105.96
Overhead Expenses Custom hire Hired labor Machinery leases Building leases Farm insurance Utilities Dues & professional fees Interest Mach & bldg depreciation Miscellaneous Total overhead expenses per acre
Total Cost per Acre
Yield per acre (ton)
Total Cost per Ton
$9.72 $2.57 $1.28 $2.46 $1.63 $1.07 $4.25 $17.18 $2.28 $42.43
$148.40
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$74.20
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2012 Cereal Grain Hay Cost Profile 2012 Data Not Reported
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2012 Pasture Cost Profile Item
Cost/Acre
Direct Expenses Seed Fertilizer Crop chemicals Fuel & oil Repairs Custom hire Land rent Operating interest Miscellaneous Total direct expenses per acre
$0.27 $0.63 $0.37 $3.24 $3.90 $0.43 $11.55 $0.46 $0.95 $21.80
Overhead Expenses Hired labor RE & pers. property taxes Farm insurance Dues & professional fees Interest Mach & bldg depreciation Miscellaneous Total overhead expenses per acre
$1.48 $2.54 $0.66 $0.24 $5.22 $2.67 $1.11 $13.93
Total Cost per Acre
$35.73
Yield per acre (AUM)
Total Cost per AUM
2.06
$17.34
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2012 Leased Pasture Cost Profile Item
Cost/Acre
Direct Expenses Fertilizer Crop chemicals Fuel & oil Repairs Land rent Operating interest Miscellaneous Total direct expenses per acre
$0.70 $0.09 $3.13 $3.44 $18.49 $0.44 $0.65 $26.95
Overhead Expenses Hired labor Farm insurance Interest Mach & bldg depreciation Miscellaneous Total overhead expenses per acre
Total Cost per Acre
Yield per acre (AUM)
Total Cost per AUM
$1.28 $0.56 $0.44 $2.58 $1.32 $6.17
$33.13
2.02
$16.40
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8-Year Average: Herd Efficiency Pregnancy Percentage 96.8 96.6 96.4 96.2 96 95.8 Pregnancy Percentage (%) 95.6 95.4 95.2 95 94.8 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
8-Year Average = 96%
Pregnancy Loss Percentage 3 2.5 2
8-Year Average = 1.6%
Pregnancy Loss Percentage (%) 1.5 1 0.5 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Annual Cow Culling percentage
8-Year Average = 12.7%
16 14 12 10 Annual Cow Culling Percentage (%)
8 6 4
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8-Year Average: Herd Efficiency Calving Percentage 96 95.5 95 94.5
8-Year Average = 94.5%
94 Calving Percentage (%) 93.5 93 92.5 92 2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Weaning Percentage 90 89.5 89 88.5 88 Weaning Percentage (%) 87.5
8-Year Average = 88.6%
87 86.5 86 2005
2006
2007
2008
8-Year Average = 5.9%
2009
2010
2011
2012
Calf Death Loss Percent 8 7 6 5
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Calf Death Loss Percent (%)
4 3
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2012
8-Year Average: Herd Efficiency Average Weaning Weight
8-Year Average = 538 lbs.
555 550 545 540 535 Average Weaning Weight (lbs.) 530 525 520 515 510 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Lbs of Calf Weaned/Exposed Female 495 490 485 480 475 Lbs of Calf Weaned per Exposed Female (lbs.) 470 465 460 455 450 2005
8-Year Average = 477 lbs.
2007
2009
2011
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8-Year Average: Herd Economics Total Annual Cow Cost $800.00 $700.00 $600.00 $500.00
8-Year Average = $565.73/hd
Total Annual Cow Cost ($) $400.00 $300.00 $200.00 $100.00 $0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Weaned Calf Breakeven Cost 1.6 1.4 1.2
8-Year Average = $1.19/lb.
1 Weaned Calf Breakeven Cost ($) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
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8-Year Average: Herd Economics Total Annual Feed Cost per Cow
8-Year Average = $346.94/hd
$500.00 $450.00 $400.00 $350.00 $300.00 Total Annual Feed Cost per Cow ($) $250.00 $200.00 $150.00 $100.00 $50.00 $0.00 2005
2007
2009
2011
Feed Cost to Total Cost Ratio 65% 64% 63% 62% 61% Feed Cost to Total Cost Ratio (%) 60% 59% 58% 57% 56% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
8-Year Average = 61%
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8-Year Average: Calf Backgrounding Performance 900 800
8-Year Avg. Wt. In = 487
700 600 Average Weight In Average Weight Out Total Gain
500 Pounds per Head (lbs.) 400 300
8-Year Avg. Wt. Out = 783 8-Year Avg. Total Gain = 296
200 100 0 2005 2007 2009 2011
Percent Death Loss 2.5 2 1.5
8-Year Average = 1.3%
Percent Death Loss (%)
1 0.5 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
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8-Year Average: Calf Backgrounding Performance Average Daily Gain
8-Year Average = 1.43 lbs./day
2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 Average Daily Gain (lbs./day) 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Feed Conversion 14 12 10
8-Year Average = 10.1:1
8 Feed Conversion (lbs Feed/lb Gain)
6 4 2 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
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8-Year Average: Calf Backgrounding Economics Cost of Gain (Feed) $70.00 $60.00 $50.00
8-Year Average = $50.72/cwt.
$40.00 Cost of Gain ($/cwt.) $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 $0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total Feed Cost per Head
8-Year Average = $137.21/hd
$200.00 $180.00 $160.00 $140.00 $120.00 Total Feed Cost per Head ($) $100.00 $80.00 $60.00 $40.00 $20.00 $0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
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8-Year Average: Calf Backgrounding Economics Total Background Cost per Head $350.00 $300.00 $250.00
8-Year Average = $219.86/hd
$200.00 Total Cost per Head ($) $150.00 $100.00 $50.00 $0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Breakeven Cost $1.15 $1.10 $1.05 $1.00
8-Year Average = $1.06/lb
Breakeven Cost ($/lb) $0.95 $0.90 $0.85 $0.80 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
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8-Year Average: Corn Silage Economics Yield per Acre (ton) 25 20
8-Year Average = 18.41 ton/acre
15 Yield per Acre (tons/acre)
10 5 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total Cost per Acre $800.00 $700.00 $600.00 $500.00
8-Year Average = $507.29/acre
Total Cost per Acre ($/acre) $400.00 $300.00 $200.00 $100.00 $0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total Cost per Ton 8-Year Average = $27.55/ton
$40.00 $35.00 $30.00 $25.00
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Total Cost per Ton ($/ton) $20.00 $15.00 $10.00
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$0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
8-Year Average: Alfalfa Hay Economics Yield per Acre (tons) 6 5 4 Yield per Acre (tons)
8-Year Average = 4.4 ton/acre
3 2 1 0 2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total Cost per Acre $600.00 $500.00 $400.00
8-Year Average = $351.84/acre
Total Cost per Acre ($/acre) $300.00 $200.00 $100.00 $0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total Cost per Ton $120.00
8-Year Average = $79.96/ton
$100.00 $80.00 Total Cost per Ton ($/ton)
$60.00 $40.00 $20.00
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8-Year Average: Grass Hay Economics Yield per Acre (ton) 2.5 2
8-Year Average = 1.98 ton/acre
1.5 Yield per Acre (tons)
1 0.5 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total Cost per Acre $160.00 $140.00 $120.00
8-Year Average = $112.43/acre
$100.00 Total Cost per Acre ($/acre)
$80.00 $60.00 $40.00 $20.00 $0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total Cost per Ton 8-Year Average = $56.78/ton
$80.00 $70.00 $60.00 $50.00
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Total Cost per Ton ($/ton) $40.00 $30.00 $20.00
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8-Year Average: Cereal Grain Hay Economics Yield per Acre (ton) 3 2.5 2
8-Year Average = 1.95 ton/acre
Yield per Acre (tons) 1.5 1 0.5 0 2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Total Cost per Acre $250.00 $200.00 $150.00 Total Cost per Acre ($/acre)
8-Year Average = $174.82/acre
$100.00 $50.00 $0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Total Cost per Ton $160.00
8-Year Average = $89.65/ton
$140.00 $120.00 $100.00 Total Cost per Ton ($/ton)
$80.00 $60.00 $40.00
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8-Year Average: Pasture Economics Yield per Acre (AUM) 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 Yield per Acre (AUM) 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
8-Year Average = 2.83 AUM/acre
Stocking Rate (Acres/Cow) 4 3.5 3
8-Year Average = 2.54 acres/cow
2.5 Stocking Rate (acres/cow)
2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
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8-Year Average: Pasture Economics Total Cost per Acre $40.00 $35.00 $30.00
8-Year Average = $31.02/acre
$25.00 Total Cost per Acre ($/acre) $20.00 $15.00 $10.00 $5.00 $0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total Cost per AUM
8-Year Average = $10.96/AUM
$20.00 $18.00 $16.00 $14.00 $12.00 Total Cost per AUM ($/AUM) $10.00 $8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $2.00 $0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
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8-Year Average: Leased Pasture Economics Yield per Acre (AUM) 4 3.5 3
8-Year Average = 2.6 AUM/acre
2.5 Yield per Acre (AUM)
2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Stocking Rate (Acres/Cow) 4 3.5 3
8-Year Average = 2.76 acres/cow
2.5 Stocking Rate (Acres/Cow)
2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
8-Year Average = $14.94/acre
Lease Rate ($/Acre)
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$20.00 $18.00 $16.00 $14.00 $12.00 Lease Rate ($/Acre) $10.00 $8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $2.00 $0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
8-Year Average: Leased Pasture Economics Total Cost per Acre $35.00 $30.00 $25.00
8-Year Average = $27.16/acre
$20.00 Total Cost per Acre ($/acre) $15.00 $10.00 $5.00 $0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Total Cost per AUM 8-Year Average = $10.44/AUM
$18.00 $16.00 $14.00 $12.00 $10.00 Total Cost per AUM ($/AUM) $8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $2.00 $0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
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University of Minnesota
Beef Team