Catalogo Neotropical - serpientes

CATALOGUE OF THE NEOTROPICAL SQUAMATA

PART

I.

SNAKES

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 297

Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata

Part

Snakes

I.

JAMES

A.

PETERS

United States National

Museum

and

BRAULIO OREJAS-MIRANDA Museum of Natural

History

Montevideo, Uruguay

With the collaboration of Rol>erto Donoso-Barros Universidad de Concepcion Concepcion, Chile

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington

1970

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scientific publications of the

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Museum

include two series, Proceedings of the United States National Miiseurn and United States

tional

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Bulletin.

Museum and

setting forth

cation date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of

tlie

volume.

In the Bulletin

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of which was issued in

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INTRODUCTION

This catalogue represents an attempt to make possible for participants in the International Biological Program working in Latin America to identify the snakes encountered in the field. It was originally planned to include information on the ecology and ethology of the reptilian species, to permit field investigators to distinguish the unuEual ecological event from the commonplace occurrence, but time has not permitted the inclusion of that degree of detail. We have Instead focussed our attentions on the construction of a workable field manual with keys designed to help identification without laboratory facilities. We have not been entirely successful, because a few taxa cannot be separated without the use of a dissecting microscope or the checking of internal characteristics, but for the most part the keys can be used with little more than a hand lens for specimen examination.

Este catalogo representa un intento de posibilitar la dent f cac ion de serpientes encontradas en el campo a los part ic pantes del International Biological Program que trabajan en Sudamerica. Or ig nar iamente se hab'a planeado la inclusion de informacion ecologica y etologica de las especies de reptiles, para permitir al investlgador de campana la distincion entre acontecimientos ecologicos desusados y los que son lugar comun, pero la falta de tiempo impidio la incluslon de tal grado de detalles. En cambio hemos concentrado nuestra atencion en la elaboracion de un manual de campaRa funcional con claves disefiadas para ayudar a la dent f cac on sin las facilidades de un laboratorio. No hemos tenido exito en todo porque unos pocos taxones no pueden ser separados sin usar el microscopic de disecclon o sin examlnar las caracter'st icas Internas, pero en su mayor'a las claves se pueden usar con poco mas que un lente de aumento con que examlnar el e jemplar.

The limits we have established for the area covered by this work are from the border between Mexico and Guatemala south throughout continental South America and all off-shore Islands within the The Galapagos and the islands continental shelf. of the Caribbean are not Included.

Los I'mites que hemos establecido para el area cubierta por este trabajo son desde la frontera entre Mejico y Guatemala hasta el extreme sur de Sudaaerlca continental y todas las islas Las costeras dentro de la plataforma continental. Islas Galapagos y del Carlbe no han s do incluidas.

The Synonymies presented for the taxa are Within each genus we include very abbreviated. only those generic synonyms whose type species are considered to belong to the genus under discussion. Only the original description for each genus Is included, with no attempt made to document changes The type species, when in the "generic concept". given, has always been previously designated as such, unless we clearly Indicate that we are taking We apologize for our such an action at this time. failure to indicate the method of type designation, but time did not permit us to undertake this diffiFor each species we have included the cult task. original citation to it, its first assignment to lis current generic position If other than as originally assigned, all "absolute" synonyms (i.e., those in which the holotype, lectotype, or neotype belongs to the species in which the synonym occurs), and, whenever possible, a citation to a recent work which includes a modern description and/or a figure, to aid the user in identification. No other generic shifts, no m s dent Icat ons, The and no "in part" references are included. author's name is not separated in any way from the binomial in the citations to original descriptions. In all other citations, the author's name is Each citaseparated from the binomial by a dash. tion includes the actual date of publication; the name exactly as it was spelled by the original author. Including capitalization of specific names; the author; the journal; the volume or the number, which stands alone If possible but which is qualified by material In parentheses if necessary; the page on which the taxon is first named; illustrations; and finally the type locality, with summaries of any restrictions or later clarlflcatlons of it.

Los sinonlmos de los taxones presentados estan muy abrevlados. En cada genero se Incluyen solamente aquellos sinonlmos generlcos cuya especie tipo es considerada como pertenec ente al Se Incluye solamente la genero en discuslon. descripclon original de cada genero, no hemos intentado documentar cambios en el "concepto Slempre que damos la especie tipo es generico". porque ha s do designada como tal prevlamente, a menos que indiquemos claramente que hemos tomado Lamentamos no poder indlcar el aqu' tal medida. metodo de designacion de tipos, pero la falta de tiempo no nos permlte emprender tal dif icll tarea. En cada especie hemos incluido su cita original, su prlmera asignaclon a la posicion generica corriente si es que se le ha asignado otra dlstinta que la original, todos los sinonlmos "absolutes!' (ej.: aquellos en que el holotipo o neotipo pertenece a la especie en que ocurre el sinonimo) y, cuando posible, una cita de un trabajo reciente que Incluye una descripclon moderna y/o una figura, para ayudar al usuarlo en la Identlflcaclon. No se incluye ninguna otra transf erenc generica, dent f icac on falsa o referencia "parcial". El nombre del autor no ha s do separado de ningun modo del binomio en las citas de las descr pc ones originales. En todas las otras cItas el nombre del autor esta separado del blnomio por un gulon. Cada cita incluye la fecha efectlva de la publicacion; el nombre con la misma ortograf'a que uso autor, incluyendo nombres espec'flcos con mayijscula; el autor; la revista; el volumen o el numero, por s' solos si es posible o con material aclaratorio entre parentesis si es necesario; la pagina en que se nombra al taxon por prlmera vez; lustraci ones y, finalmente la localldad tipo con resumenes de cualquier restricclon o aclaraclon posterior.

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INTRODUCTION

We have attempted to avoid any non-documented taxonomic changes in this catalogue, although it has proven necessary to make a few modifications When we have made such changes, we in some taxa. indicate it by the words "new combination" after the species heading, and we have given our reasons In those genera for so doing in the "Comments". prepared by cooperating herpetolog sts, however, we have not prevented the presentation of his concepts of the alignment of species within the genus, even though documentation has not been published in every insta.nce we have ascertained elsewhere. that prompt publication of documentation is anticipated before including the changes, but we In all cannot guarantee that it will be done. cases where material has been furnished by a cooperator, his name and address will be found at the beginning of the generic discussion, and he should be given full credit in any citations of that material. i

Hemos tratado de evitar en este catalogo todos los cambios taxonomicos que no estuvieran documentados, si bien fue necesario hacer unas Cuando pocas mod if icac ones en algunos taxones. se han hecho tales cambios lo indicamos con las palabras "new combination" despues del titulo de la especie y explicamos nuestra razones para el Sin embargo en aquellos cambio en "Comments". generos preparados por nuestros colaboradores herpetologos no hemos impedido la presentacion de sus conceptos en el ordenamiento de las especies dentro del genero, aun cuando no hubiera docuEn cada caso mentacion previamente publicada. hemos solicitado la pronta publicacion de documentacion antes de introducir tales cambios, pero En todos no podemos garantizar que asi se haga. los casos en que un colaborador ha proporc ionado material hemos puesto su nombre y direccion al comienzo de la discusion del genero y a el le corresponde todo el credito cuando dicho material sea c tado. i

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The date of publication is always the actual date, insofar as we could determine it, and it does not always agree with the date given in the publication itself. When there is a difference, the latter date is given in parentheses after the The only exception to this is volvolume number. We ume 4 of the Memorias do Instituto Butantan. learned too late to modify all of the many citations to this volume that it actually appeared in 1530> "ot 1925* as stated on the cover. All other volumes in the Memorias are cited here by actual year of publication, which is usually one or two years later than indicated on the publicat

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La fecha de publicacion es siempre la fecha real en la medida en que se pueda determinar esta y no siempre coincide con la fecha dada por la publicacion misma. En tales casos esta ultima aparece entre parentesis despues del numero del Una excepcion es el volumen 4 de las Memvolumen. orias do Institute Butantan. Cuando era demasiado tarde para modificar las numerosas citas de este volumen descubrimos que en realidad hab'a aparecido en I53O, no en 1525. Los demas volumenes de las Memorias son citados aquT con el ano efectivo de de la publicacion, que es usualmente uno o dos anos mas tarde del indicado en la portada.

on.

The distribution given for each taxon is based on information in the literature, with additions and extensions from specimens we have been Some of our able to find in various collections. changes in known distribution have been documented, but we have made no attempt to do so for every modification we have included.

The names of all political and geographic units within any country have been given as spelled by that country, but country names have been given in English usage, so that "Brasil" is "Brazil" and "Panama" is "Panama". Where names but not boundaries have been changed, we use the modern name, even in the citation of type localiThus, all localities in "British Guiana" ties. are here given as "Guyana". We have corrected errors in orthography throughout, if we could sueOur primary source cessfully document the error. has been the series of gazetteers prepared by the United States Board on Geographic Names, although many additional sources have been checked.

La distribucion dada en cada taxon se basa en informacion sacada de la literatura con adiciones encony agregados basados en ejemplares que hemos Algunos de nuestros trado en varias colecciones. cambios en la distribucion conocida han sido documentados, pero no hemos intentado documentar todas las mod f cac ones incluidas por nosolros. i

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Se dan los nombres de todas las unidades politicas y geograficas dentro de cada pais de .acuerdo a la ortograf'a de ese pa's, pero los nombres de los pa'ses se han escrito segun la ortograf'a inglesa, as' "Brasil" es "Brazil" y "Panama" es "Panama". Oonde los nombres han cambiado, pero no las fronteras, usamos el nombre As' aquf moderno, aun al citar localidades tipo. nos referimos a todos las localidades en "British Guiana" como "Guyana". Hemos corregido todos los errores ortograf icos que pudieran ser documentados debidamente. Nuestra principal fuente de informacion ha sido la serie de gacetas preparadas por Board on Geographic Names del gobierno de los

Estados Unidos, aunque tambien hemos consultado muchas otras fuentes. Most of the keys presented here are the standard dichotomous type, although occasionally we have found it useful to include "trichotomies" and the user should watch for this possibility. In such instances, of course, a choice is made In the from three possibilities rather than two. case of very large genera, however, we have intro-

La mayor'a de las claves aqu' presentadas son tipo dicotomico comun, aunque ocas onalmente ha sido conveniente incluir "tr cotom'as", y el usuario debe estar al tanto de esta posibilidad. En tales ocasiones, naturalmente, hay que elegir No obsentre tres pos b 1 dades en vez de dos. tante en el caso de generos muy grandes se ha

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INTRODUCTION

duced a different concept. Any attempt at writing keys for poorly known, large genera is likely to be futile, and we have avoided this by presenting as much data as possible in the form of a matrix. This permits "random entry" identification, for the user can select any character in the matrix he wishes to check, and eliminate all taxa that do not possess that character, finally arriving at a considerably reduced number of taxa (hopefully, only one) after checking a series of characters. This concept has formed the basis of computer identification, since the machine can do such sorting more rapidly and efficiently than the human, and the random entry matrices presented here are organized in such a way that they can be incorporated in the computer programs now available for such machine sorting. It is our assumption that this method of identification will be used more and more in the future, and we hope that presenting these matrices will encourage others to begin to organize their data similarly, thus anticipating the day when computer keys are available to all users. A work of this magnitude becomes very dependent upon the cooperation and collaboration of many We wish to express our gratitude to all people. The following those who have helped us in any way. list indicates the number of individuals who have While we have tried to contributed to the work. make the list inclusive, the omission of anyone who has aided us should be regarded solely as the consequence of the faulty nature of our "disc storage", rather than failure to recognize the help.

introducido un concepto diferente. Probablemente resultarTa inutil intentar escnbir una clave de un genero grande, poco conocido, hemos evitado esto al presentar la mayor cantidad de datos posibles en forma de una matnz. Esto permite la dent f icac on de "entradas al azar", por que el usuario puede seleccionar dentro de la matriz cualquier caracter que desee poner a prueba y eliminar todos los taxones que no posean tal caracter, llegando finalmente a un nijmero sumamente reducido de taxones (es de esperar que sea uno solo) despues de revisar una serie de caracEste concepto constituye la base de la teres. dent f icac on por computadora, ya que esta maquina puede seleccionar mas rapida y ef icazmente que el ser humano y las matrices de entradas al azar presentadas aqu' estan organizadas en tal forma que se las puede ncorporar en los programas para computadoras ahora disponibles para tal seleccion automatica, Suponenos que este metodo de ident f icac on se usara cada vez mas en el future y esperamos que la presentacion de estas matrices alentara a otros a empezar a organizar sus datos en forma similar, previendo as' el d'a en que haya claves para computadoras disponibles para todos los usuarios. Un trabajo de esta magnitud depende en alto grado de la cooperacion y colaboracion de mucha gente. La slguiente lista indica el numero de personas que han contribuido a esta obra. Aunque hemos tratado de incluir a todos en esta lista, la omision de alguno de los que nos ayudaron debe ser considerada solamente como consecuencia de la naturaleza defectuosa de nuestra memoria, pero no como una inhabilidad de apreciar la ayuda recibida. i

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(in alphabetical order): Jorge Abalos, Fernando Achaval, Joseph Bailey, Avelino Barrio, Charles Bogert, Werner Bokermann, Simon Campden-Ma in, Nelly Carrillo de Espinoza, Antenor de Carvalho, Ronald Crombie, Marcos Freiberg, Howard Gloyd, Jose Gallardo, Alphonse Hoge, Robert Inger, George Jacobs, Edward Keiser, Miguel Klappenbach, Abdem Lancini, Clarence McCoy, Niceforo Marfa, Oswaldo Mineses, Marta Miranda, Charles Myers, Gustavo Orces-V., Donald Owens, Neil Richmond, Carlos R vero-Blanco, Douglas Rossman, Janis Roze, Richard Sage, Jay Savage, Wade Sherbrooke, Hobart Smith, Richard Timmerman, Robert Tuck, Paulo Vanzolini, Jaime Villa, Warren Walker, Larry Wilson, George Zug. i

In addition to the above, we also wish to acknowledge several specific contributions to the work involved in the production of this volume. By far the bulk of the typing work was done by Jean Middleton, and the overall appearance of the text owes a great deal to her attention to detail, She functioned layout, arrangement, and so on. as a general manager of the entire project, and we cannot overestimate the magnitude of her conBeatriz Moisset Peters spent many tribution. hours translating and correcting the Spanish versions of the text after one of us (Orejas) returned to South America, and she also has contributed greatly to our overall accuracy. Additional typing assistance came from Gladys The text figures, Banks and Dolores Icarangal. unless otherwise acknowledged, were done by Thomas Yuskiw. We wish finally to record our debt to Roberto Donoso Barros, who worked with us on this catalogue. He perhaps should have been recorded as an author rather than as a collaborator, since all three of us have worked closely together on the entire project.

Ademas de los mencionados, deseamos expresar nuestro reconoc im ento por varias contr buc ones espec'ficas referentes a la produccion de este Jean Middleton mecanografio la mayor volumen. parte de este trabajo y la apariencia general del texto gano mucho gracias a su interes en los detaElla opero como adm n stradora general de lies. todo el proyecto y no es posible sobreestimar el Beatriz Moisset Peters valor de su contr ibuc ion. dedico muchas horas a la traduccion y correccion de la version en espanol despues que uno de nosTambien otros (Orejas) regresara a Sudamerica. contribuyo en gran medida a la exactitud del trabajo. Gladys Banks y Dolores Icarangal Las figuras mecanograf iaron el resto del trabajo. del texto fueron hechas por Thomas Yuskiw a menos que se especfique otra cosa. Finalmente deseamos expresar nuestra deuda con P^-"^ "" R째berto Donoso Barros, que trabajo Talvez se lo deberia nosotros en este catalogo. incluir como uno de los autores en vez de colaborador, ya que^los tres trabajamos en estrecho contacto a traves de todo el proyecto. i

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We are concerned that the users of this catalogue may regard everything presented as of equal value and significance, since there are considerable differences in the comparative reliability of the information given from one genus to In order to forestall assumptions of another. equivalent reliability, we have devised a code to indicate an evaluation of the information presented The user will note one to four for each genus. These stars in the heading line for every genus. stars have the following significance:

Low reliability. Keys and synonymies prepared by us from existing literature; difficulties encountered by us because of insufficient descriptions, non-availability of critical specimens, or other reasons; manuscript not checked by outside reviewer, since no one is currently engaged in revisionary study of the genus, to our knowledge. In the case of monotypic genera, one star means we have reasons to doubt its validity as a distinct genus.

Nos preocupa la posibilidad de que los usuarios de este catalogo vayan a dar igual valor o significado a las distintas partes del mismo, ya que la seguridad de la informacion suministrada var'a cons iderablemente de unos generos a otros. Para evitar que se llegue a la conclusion de que toda la informacion es igualmente digna de confianza hemos ideado un codigo que valore la calidad de la informacion presentada en cada ginero. El usuario vera de una a cuatro estrellas en el encabezamiento de cada genero. Estas tienen el siguiente significado:

One Star:

Moderate reliability. Keys and synonymies prepared almost entirely by us, but usually checked against specimens and adequate information in the literature; manuscript often reviewed externally, although not necessarily by specialist actively studying genus. Further study needed to give better understanding of

Poca confianza. Una Estrella: Claves y sinonimos preparados exclus vamente por nosotros a partir de la literatura existente; dificulfades halladas por nosotros a causa de descripciones nsuf ic entes, especimenes critlcos i

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disponibles u otras razones; el manuscrito ha sido revisado por nadie de afuera ya qu^ sabemos de nadie que este ocupado en hacer estudio de revision del genero en el momento En el caso de generos monot'picos una actual. estrella significa que tenemos motivos para dudar de su validez como genero aparte. no no no un

Two Stars:

Moderada confianza. Claves y sinonimos preparados casi totalmente por nosotros, pero usualmente confrontados con especimenes e informacion adecuada en la literatura; manuscrito a menudo revisado por alquien de afuera, aunque no necesar iamente por un especiaSe necesita mas estudio lista en ese genero. para comprender mejor ese genero.

Dos Estrellas:

genus.

Three stars. Good reliability. Keys and synonymies prepared either by us in consultation with a specialist or by the expert himself, or modified from monographs, checklists, or regional studies. Added work is usually in progress on the genus by the specialist, and we anticipate early publication by him to improve our understanding even more.

Four Stars. High reliability. Manuscript either prepared externally, in which case the author is acknowledged in the heading material; or taken by us from a very recent generic monograph summarizing the literature and including all available specimens for study. We have submitted this "reliability" list to all

external authors and asked for their opinion before assigning the code, so it can be considered an indication of the author's personal evaluation, rather than ours.

The work on this catalogue was supported by Smithsonian Research Award to the senior author. The catalogue is listed as project no. 2 in the U.S.A. section of Section CT (Conservation Terrestrial) of the International Biological Program. a

Tres Estrellas: Bastante confianza. Claves y sinonimos preparados por nosotros en consulta con un especialista o por el experto mismo o modificados de monograf'as, listas de especies o estudios regionales. Usualmente hay trabajo adicional en marcha del especialista en el genero, y anticipamos su pronta publicacion para mejorar aun mas nuestra comprension del mismo.

Cuatro Estrellas. Mucha confianza. Manuscrito o bien preparado afuera en cuyo caso se nombra al autor en el encabezam iento o preparado por nosotros a partir de una monograf'a muy reciente que resume la literatura e incluye todos los especimenes disponibles para estudio. Hemos presentado esta lista de "dignidad de confianza" a todos los autores de afuera y pedido su opinion antes de asignar el codigo, asi que se la puede considerar como indicacion de una valoracion del autor antes que nuestra.

El trabajo del catalogo fue sufragado por Smithsonian Research Award al autor principal. El catalogo figura como proyecto no. 2 en la parte de los Estados Unidos de la Seccion CT (Conservacion Terrestre) del Programa Biologico Internacion-

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KEY TO THE GENERA OF SNAKES

Ventrales y dorsales de igual tamano, o ventrales solo ligeramente mayores que dorsales, no se extienden a traves de todo el vientre

Ventrals and dorsals equal in size, or ventrals feebly enlarged, only sliqhtly larger than dorsal scales, do not extend clear across venter 173 Ventrals considerably enlarged, much larger than dorsal scales, extend across entire 2 ventei

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Large, deep pit in loreal region between eye 18i and nostril Loreal region without deep pit 3

2. Con

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Scale rows at mldbody fewer than 3O

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Scale rows at midbody more than 3O-

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Tail not compressed Tail compressed, oarlike-

173 Ventrales cons iderablemente dilatadas, mucho mayores que dorsales, se extienden a traves de todo el vientre 2 una fosa grande, profunda en region loreal entre ojo y narina 181 Sin fosa profunda en region loreal 3

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Hileras de escamas menos de 3O Hileras de escamas mas de JO

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traves del medio cuerpo

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traves del medio cuerpo

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Cola no comprlmida Cola comprimlda, en forma de remo

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Laticsuda

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Hileras de escamas dorsales a una cabeza de longitud antes del ano por lo menos dos menos 6 que la cuenta del medio cuerpo Hileras de escamas dorsales en igual numero a lo largo de todo el cuerpo, sin reducciones

Dorsal scale rows about one head length antei ior to anus at least two less than count at 6 midbody Dorsal scale rows same number throughout body, 8 no dorsal reductions

5"

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Scales in odd number of rows 69 Scales in even number of rows, vertebral row missing 7

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Escamas en numero impar de hileras 69 Escamas en numero par de hileras, sin hilera vertebral 7

7.

Scale rows 12 or fewer Scale rows 14 or more

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Hileras de escamas 12 Hileras de escamas 14

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Ch iron ius Sp ilotes

Number of dorsal scale rows at midbody more than 18

menos mas

Ch iron ius Sp lotes i

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Numero de hileras de escamas dorsales del medio cuerpo mas de 18 67 Numero de hileras de escamas dorsales del medio cuerpo menos de 18 9

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Anal un ica Anal d V d ida-

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Number of dorsal scale rows at midbody fewer than 18 9.

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Anal single Anal divided

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scale rows at midbody I7 Dorsal scale rows at midbody fewer than I7

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10. Hileras de escamas dorsales del medio cuerpo I7

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Hileras de escamas dorsales del medio cuerpo menos de I7 11

16

10, Dorsal

29 12

12.Anter iormost tooth on maxillary (often only tooth on bone) with venom canal (Fig. l) Leptom icrurus Anteriormost teeth on maxillary without canal or otherwise differentiated from other maxillary teeth 13 present Loreal absent

13, Loreal

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14, Parietal

in contact with labials 15 Parietal separated from labials by temporals-l6

15' Internasals

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11, Body pattern of complete rings of color around

body Body pattern without complete rings

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fused with prefrontals

ll,DiseRo del cuerpo con anillos completes de color alrededor del cuerpo 29 OiseRo del cuerpo sin anillos completes 12

12.Diente mas anterior del maxilar (a menudo el unico diente en este hueso) con canal de veneno (Fig, 1 ) Leptom crurus Diente mas anterior del maxilar sin canal u otra d f erenc iac ion de demas dientes maxilares i

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13 13. Con loreal

Sin loreal 14, Parietal

en contacto con labiales 15 Parietal separado de labiales por temporales-l6

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Apostolep s Internasals distinct from prefrontals, which may be fused into single scale or not Elapomorphus i

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nternasales fusionadas con prefronta les Apostolep s Internasales distintas de pref rontales, que pueden estar fusionadas en una sola escama no Elapomorphus I

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GENERIC KEY

Fig. 2. Colubrid maxillary, all teeth uniform, no diastema, no grooved teeth

1. Maxillary of elapid snake, showing fixed fang on anterior end of bone

Fig.

poKwosa^

S^W^

grooves

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nternasals normal, not fused Internasals fused, single plate-

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IS.Ventrals fewer than I7O; maxillary teeth anterTant ilia ior to fangs 12-15 Ventrals more than I7O; maxillary teeth anterElapomorphus ior to fangs 3"5 last two without Tant 1 1 ta grooves Total maxillary teeth fewer than 21; last two Tant 11a w th grooves

15. Total maxillary teeth 22-25;

17.Ventrales mas de 120— Ventrales menos de 120IS.Ventrales riores a Ventrales riores a

20, Scale rows at midbody more than thirteen

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Scales at midbody thirteen

Pseudablabes 22

21. Prefrontals two or three Prefrontals fused into single scale -

Tr metoDon i

22. Two prefrontals

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20.Hileras de escamas del medio cuerpo mas de 21 trece Hileras de escamas del medio cuerpo trece Pseudablabes 22 tres 21.Pref rontales dos Prefrontales fusionadas en una sola escama Tr metopon i

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22. Dos prefrontales

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Tres prefrontales-

- Hydromorphus

nternasals and prefrontals distinct-

menos de I7O; dientes maxilares anteTant 11a colmillos 12-15 mas de I7O) dientes maxilares anteElapomorphus colmillos 3-5

los dos ultiTant 11 ta mos sin surcos Total de dientes maxilares menos de 21; los dos Tant 11a ultimos con surcos

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19. Total de dientes maxilares 22-25;

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Three prefrontals-

nternasaies normales, no fusionadas-

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Internasales fusionadas, una sola lamina Pseudoeryx

Pseudoeryx

ly.Ventrals more than 120 Ventrals fewer than 120

I

16.

and grooved

17 -

23.

Fig. 5- Colubrid maxillary, diastema present, last two teeth enlarged

4. Colubrid maxillary, last two teeth enlarged, diastema present, no grooves

Fig.

Fig. 3* Colubrid maxillary, last two teeth enlarged, no diastema, no

23.

I

nternasaies

y

23

Hydromorphus

prefrontales distintas

24

24

Internasals fused with prefrontals, but still pa red Elapomo jus

Internasales fusionadas con prefrontales, pero Elapomo |us aun en pares

i

24.Temporales anteriores mas de una-

24. Anterior temporals more than one-

Mast godryas 25

- Mast

i

One anterior temporal

25.Preocular absent; both loreal and prefrontal enter orbit 27 Preocular present; prefrontal does not enter 2i, orbit '

26.Ch nsh ields large; Chinshields small; i

—

striped unicolor-

- Adeloh

icos

Una

i

godryas

temporal anterior—

25

loreal y prefrontal entran en la 27 orbita Con preocular: prefrontal no entra en la orbita 26 .... ...

25. Sin preocular;

26.Escudos geniales grandes,

a

rayas-

Enul ius

Adelph icos

Escudos geniales chicos, unlcolores-Enul us i

—

)

GENERIC KEY 27. Body striped

28

Body with dark blotches dorsally

Calamodontoph 28. Apical pits absent on dorsal

i

27.Cuerpo rayado Cuerpo con manchas oscuras

28 a

s

scales

dorsal Calamodontoph

s

i

28«Sin fosetas apicales en escamas dorsales L

Single apical pit present

i

oph

s

i

Tr imetopon

25.Loreal presentLoreal absent--

-31 .30

- L oph s Con fosetas apicales en escamas dorsales- Tr imetopon i

i

25. Con loreal-

-31 -30

Sin loreal-

30«Fixed fang with venom canal on maxillary bone (Fig. 1) M icrurus No fixed fang with venom canal Hydrops

30,Colmillo fijo con canal del veneno en maxilar

31.Apical pits present on dorsal scales

31. Con fosetas apicales en escamas dorsales

M icrurus (pig. 1 Sin colmillo fijo con canal del veneno

Hydrops

Scolecoph s Erythrolamprus

Scolecoph s Erythrolamprus

I

Apical pits absent

i

Sin fosetas apicales

32. Two prefrontals present, may be fused with inter nasals 33 Prefrontals fused into single scale Tr imetopon

32. Con dos

33'Parietals separated from labials by temporals

33' Psr ietales

pref rontales, pueden estar fusionadas interna sales 33 Prefrontales fusionadas en una sola escama Tr imetopon con

separadas de labiales por temporales

34

Parietals

in

contact with labialsParapostolep

is

34, Rostral does

not separate internasals and/or prefrontals which are in contact on middorsal 1

ine

34

Parietales en contacto con labiales Parapostolep

i

35' Scales smooth

ia

37

Scales keeled on all or only posterior part of body 36

Storer ia 36. Entire body with keeled scales Keels only on scales on posterior part of body, most prominent near anus Amastr d um i

i

no separa las internasales y/o prefrontales que contactan en I'nea media dorsal

35

Rostral separa las Internasales y/o prefrontales y contacta la frontal F ic m

i

ia

i

35, Escamas

1

isas

37

Escamas quilladas en todo el cuerpo parte poster or

solo en 3^

i

36. Todo el

cuerpo con escamas quilladas

Storer ia Quillas solo en escamas de parte posterior del cuerpo, mas prominentes cerca del ano Amastr d um i

37»Nasal not fused with internasal -38 Anterior nasal fused with internasal-Stenorrh na

s

34. Rostral

35

Rostral separates internasals and/or prefrontals, and contacts frontal F ic m

i

i

37'Nasal no fuslonada con internasal 38 Nasal anterior fuslonada con internasal Stenorrh na i

head not distinctly broader than neck; vertebral scale row approximately same width as paravertebral row 39 Body strongly compressed; head distinctly broader than neck; vertebral scale row wider than paravertebral rows mantodes

38. Body round;

I

35" One

anterior temporal--

-41 -40

Two anterior temporals-

38. Cuerpo redondo;

cabeza no d st ntamente mas ancha que el cuello; hllera vertebral de escamas aprox Imadamente tan ancha como hllera paravertebral 39 Cuerpo fuertemente comprimido; cabeza claramente mas ancha que el cuello; hllera vertebral de escamas mas ancha que hileras paraverImantodes tebrales

39- Una

temporal anterior

Dos temporales anteriores

40.Ventrals fewer than 160 Ventrals more than I59

Scaph odontoph s Mast qodryas i

i

i

41, Body with "coral snake" pattern, may or may not be complete ventrally 42 Body without "coral snake" pattern -43

40.\/entrales menos de I6O Ventrales mas de 159

i

I

—

41

40

Scaph odontoph s Mast Iqodryas i

41. Cuerpo con dlseno de "serpiente de coral", puede ser complete a ventral o no Cuerpo sin dlseno de "serpiente de coral"

1

42 43

s

s

i

GENERIC KEY - PI ocercus teeth normal Maxillary teeth with spatulate tip, arranged in groups of three, each group including one short, one medium, and one long tooth Scaph odontoph s

42. Maxillary

i

i

i

43.Loreal and preocular both present, two plates ** between nasal and orbit Loreal or preocular absent, only one plate Enul ius hetween nasal and orbit 44. Apical

pits absent on dorsal scales (Fig. 6)

102 -45

Apical pits present (Fig. ])-

Dorsal scales, without apical Anterior end of scale at top this figure and Figure 7-

Fig. 6. pits.

i

i

y preocular; dos laminas entre nasal 44 orbita sin preocular, solo una lamina Sin loreal Enul us entre nasal y orbita

43. Con loreal y

i

44. Sin fosetas 6)

*picales en escamas dorsales (Fig. 102 *5

Con fosetas apicales (Fig. 7)

Fig. 7' Double apical pits on dorsal May also be single. Usually scales. outer layer of scale must be removed and examined dry under high magnification to see pits.

in

46 size generally large With nuchal collar or band across back of head; Tr imetopon size d im nut ve i

46. Poster iormost maxillary teeth enlarged (Fig. 4) Le madoph s je (Fig. 2) All maxillary teeth about same size i

i

-Sordell na i

-58 -48

47ÂťDorsals at midbody I7 Dorsals at midbody fewer than I7-

o collar nucal a traves del dorso de cabeza; generalmente de gran tamano

45. Sin banda

45. No nuchal collar or band across back of head;

i

PI iocercus 42.Dientes maxilares normales Dientes maxilares con apice espatulado, dispuestas en grupos de tres, cada grupo incluye un diente corto, mediano y largo Scaph odontoph s

la

Con collar la cabeza;

46 banda nucal a traves del dorso de Tr metopon tamano diminuto i

maxilares posteriores dilatados (Fig. 4) Le madoph Todos los dientes maxilares aprox imadamente del Sordell na mismo tamano (Fig. 2)

46. Dientes

i

i

medio cuerpo I7 medio cuerpo menos de I7

47. Dorsales del Dorsales del

48.Hileras vertebral

48. Vertebral and paravertebral rows subequal

1

y

paravertebral cas

58 48

i

iguales51

51

Vertebral scale row distinctly larger than paravertebrals

45.Mental groove absent (Fig. Mental groove present

-D

49 i

psas 50

showing ab8. Dipsas lat frontal . sence of mental groove (from Peters, I56O)

Fig.

i

i

Hilera vertebral paravertebrales

d st i

surco mental (Fig. Con surco mental

45. Sin

ntamente mas grande que 4^ 8)

Dipsas

5* S bon nebulata . showing enlarged sixth labial (from Peters, I96O)

Fig.

i

5*^

i

GENERIC KEY

below anterior temporal enlarged and In contact with postocular, anterior and posterior temporal, much higher than neighboring Sibon labials (Fig. 5) No one labial in contact with postocular, anterior and posterior temporal Imantodes

50. Labial

51.Parietals separated from labials by temporals--

debajo de temporal anterior agrandado y en contacto con postocular, temporal anterior

50. Labial

posterior mucho mas altas que labiales S bon vecinas (Fig. 9)' Ninguna labial en contacto con postocular, temporal anterior y posterior Ima n todes y

1

51

•

Par etales separadas de labiales por temporales 54 ^2

54

Parietals 52.

I

contact with labials

in

nternasals and prefrontals distinct Geoph

Internasals and prefrontals fused

52. Internasales

y

prefrontales distintas

Internasales

y

prefrontales fusionadas

Geoph

s

I

53

Apostolep Geoph

53.Loreal absent Loreal present

s

i

s

i

pits absent on dorsal scales (Fig. 6)

54. Apical

Parietales en contacto con labiales

5^

Geoph

6)

i

s

55

Drymoluber

Con fosetas apicales (Fig. 7)

Drymoluber

s

i

fosetas apicales en escamas dorsales (Fig.

54. Sin

55

Apical pits present (Fig. 7}

- Apostolep

53.Sin lorealCon loreal-

s

i

53

55.N0 tooth on maxillary either with groove or closed canal 57 Tooth on maxillary either with groove or closed canal 56

55.Ningun diente del maxilar con surco canal cerrado 57 Diente en maxilar con surco o con canal cerrado

often only, tooth on maxilla with M icrurus closed canal (Fig. l) Poster ormost, never only, tooth on maxilla with open groove (Fig. 5) Apostolep s

56.Diente anterior (a menudo el unico) del maxilar M crurus con canal cerrado (Fig. l) Diente posterior (nunca el unico) del maxilar Apostolep s con surco (Fig. 5)

56. Anter ormost, I

i

i

60 Drepano des

57'Loreal plate present Loreal plate absent 58. Prefrontals fused

i

into single scale

56

i

i

57'Con lamina lorealS n lam na loreali

58.

60 -

I

Drepano ides

Prefrontales fusionadas en una sola lamina-

66

Prefrontals normal

59

59'Subcaudals double

60

Su beau da Is si ngle

Pseudoboa

60. Parietal

Parietal lab ial

separated from labials by temporals in

contact with at least one upper Geoph

i

temporales 61

s

Parietales en contacto con una labial superior por lo menos Geoph s

i

62 63

62.Ventrals fewer than 1/0 Ventrals more than I7O

Ninia Trop dod psas

63.Mental groove present Mental groove absent

S

i

64

bynomorphus

below anterior temporal enlarged, considerably higher than neighboring labials, and in contact with postocular, anterior and posterior temporals (Fig. S bon 9) All labials about same size, not as described above 65

64. Labial

i

65. Ventrals more than 200 Ventrals fewer than 200

60 Pseudoboa

60. Par etales separadas de labiales por

Scales smooth

i

59 'Subcau dales dobles Subcaudales de a una

61

61. Scales keeled

i

-66 -59

Prefrontales normales-

Clelia Atractus

i

61. Escamas quilladas-

—

Escamas lisas

62.Ventrales menos de I7OVentrales mas de I7O

63. Con S

i

n

surco mentalsurco mental-

-

62 -63

-Ninia Trop dod psas i

i

64 -S

i

bynomorphus

64, Labiales debajo de temporal anterior agrandadas,

cons derablemente mas altas que labiales vecinas y en contactocon postocular, temporales S bon anterior y posterior (Fig. 9) Todas las labiales aprox imadamente del m smo tamaiio, no como el anterior 65 i

i

1

65.Ventrales mas de 200 Ventrales menos de 200

Clel

ia

Atractus

—

GENERIC KEY

Chersodromus Xenophol is

66. Scales keeled

Scales smooth

68

67. Prefrontals normal

Prefrontals fused to form single scale Synoph

s

i

Ninia Clelia

68.Ventrals fewer than 200 Ventrals more than 200

140

65. Some or all dorsal scales keeled

Dorsal scales smooth

Chersodromus Xenophol s

66.Escamas quiUadas Escamas lisas

i

68 67.Prefron tales norma les Prefrontales fusionadas formando una sola Synoph is escama

Ninia Clelia

68.Ventrales menos de 200 Ventrales mas de 200 65,Algunas

todas las escamas dorsales quilladasI'^O

7^^

Escamas dorsales lisas II6

70.Anal single Anal divided

71

71. Rostral

normal 73 Rostral modified, either raised, pointed, and keeled dorsally, or flattened, with hori7^ zontal edge

72. Scales

in

Scales

in

Simophis Lystrophis

15-17 rows 19-21 rows

distinctly larger than neighboring rows of scales

73. Vertebral row of scales greatly enlarged,

— 74

Vertebral row of scales approximately same as neighboring scales 75 7'l.Ventrals fewer than 200 Ventrals more than 200

75 Two loreal plates between nasal and

70.Anal unica ^"^l dividida

normal bien elevada, puntuda Rostral modificada, quiUada dorsalmente o aplanada con horde

76. Fewer than 26 midbody scale rows More than 26 midbody scale rows

S

imoph

is

Lystrophis

73.Hilera vertebral de escamas muy agrandadas, claramente mayores que hileras de escamas 7*

vec nas i

Hilera vertebral de escamas del mismo tamano aproximado que escamas vecinas 75

preocular—

75.O0S laminas loreales entre nasal

77

12

72. Escamas en 15-17 hileras Escamas en 19-21 hileras

74.Ventrales menos de 200 Ventrales ma's de 200

Elaphe

73 y

hor izontal

Uromacerina imantodes

76

7I

7I. Rostral

Uromacerina ''"3"^°''^^

y

preoculai

Trimorphodon

Trimorphodon One or no loreal plates present

7^

II6

Con una o ninguna lamina loreal

76

76. Menos de 26 hileras de escamas del medio cuerpo

77 Mas de 26 hileras de escamas del medio cuerpo--

Elaphe 81

77. Loreal plate present

7^

Loreal plate absent

in tooth row. last teeth distinctly larger than others (Fig. 3)—

78. Maxillary lacks diastema

Hydrops Not as above

79

78

78.Maxilar sin diastema en la hilera de dientes, ultimos dientes mucho mayores que los otros (Fig. 3> ^° '^°"'° ^1 anterioi

Hydrops 79

80 hocico redondeado Cabeza alargada, fina; hocico puntudo-- 0xybel is

80 wide; snout rounded Head elongated, slender: snout po nted- Oxybel is

79-''abeza corta, ancha;

Maxillary bone extremely reduced, without teeth anterior to enlarged, grooved fangs Opisthoplus Maxillary not reduced, teeth present anterior Tomodon to enlarged, grooved fangs (Fig. 5)

SO.Hueso maxilar extremadamente reducido; sin dientes anteriores a colmillos grandes Opisthoplus Maxilar no reducido; con dientes anteriores a Tomodon colmillos grandes surcados (Fig. 5)

79. Head short,

i

80.

81

77. Con la'mina loreal Sin lamina loreal

81. Anterior temporals two or more One anterior temporal or none 82. Midbody scale rows I7 or fewer Midbody scale rows more than I7

IO3

82

mas Sl.Temporales anteriores dos Temporal anterior uno o ninguno

93

82. Hileras de escamas del medio cuerpo I7 o menos-

IO3

82

93

83

Hileras de escamas del medio cuerpo mas de I7 83

GENERIC KEY

scales normal (Fig, lO) Dorsal scales in oblique rows (Fig.

84

83. Dorsal

ll)

Xenodon

84 83.EEcamas dorsales normales (Fig. lO) Escamas dorsales en hileras oblicuas (Fig. ll)Xenodon

11. Dorsal scales arranged in oblique rows, as seen In Xenodon

10. Normal arrangement of dorsal Anterior end of snake is scale rows. toward top of page in this and Fig. 11.

Fig.

Fig.

.

ptis present (Fig. 7) Apical pits absent (Fig. 6)

84. Apical

85.

85 89

scales I5 at midbodyDorsal scales 21 at midbody-

87 - Hyps

I

-85

7

Sin fosetas aplcales (Fig. 6

85.Maxilar con diastema, dientes posteriores a diastema agrandados, no acanalados (Fig. 4)-86 88 No como el anterloi

Maxillary with diastema, teeth posterior to diastema enlarged, not grooved (Fig. 4) Not as above

86. Dorsal

84 Con fosetas aplcales (Fig.

plena

.Hileras de escamas del medio cuerpo I5 87 Hileras de escamas del medio cuerpo I7 Hyps qlena I

87. Subcaudals fewer than 80 Subcaudals more than 80

Le imadoph s Prom icus I

.Pupil vertically elllptlcPupil round

97 -

Ph lodryas i

89. Body striped throughout its length Body not striped throughout its length

90. Diastema present 4)

in

91 9'^

maxillary tooth row (Fig. L oheteroph i

Diastema absent(Fig. 3)

L

s

I

87 .Subcaudales menos de 80 Subcaudales mas de 80

.Puplla vert calmente el'ptlcaPupil redonda

le Imadoph is Prom Icus

I

-

97 Ph ilodryas

.Cuerpo rayado a todo lo largo Cuerpo no rayado a todo lo largo-

-91

.90

90. Con diastema en hilera de dientes maxilares L ioheteroph (Fig, 4) Sin d iastema (f ig, 3) L ioph

is is

loph s i

91. No grooves on poster ormost maxillary teeth--92

91, Sin surcos en dientes maxilares poster ores--92

With grooves on poster ormost maxillary teeth-Con ophanes

Con surcos en dientes maxilares posteriores Con ophanes

i

I

I

I

i

claro arrlba, con cinta vertebral y una sola cinta lateral, ambos parda oscura- L oph is Lyqoph s No como el anterior

with dark brown vertebral and L oph s single lateral stripe Lyqoph s Not as above

92.iCastano

Prefrontals paired Single prefrontal scale-

93.

92..Pale brown above,

I

I

i

I

i

94.

Apical1 pits present (Fig. 7) 7) Ap lea 1 pits absent (Fig. 6)

91 -

Hydromorphus 95 95 9ÂŁ

95 Maxillary with diastema, last teeth enlarged Le imadoph s but not grooved (Fig. i) Not as above 9^ i

,

Prefron tales en par Una sola escama prefrontal

94. Con

fosetas aplcales (Fig. ] Sin fosetas aplcales (Fig. 6

9^

Hydromorphus -95 -98

95 Maxllar con diastema, ultimos dientes agrandaLe imadoph s dos pero sin surco (Fig. 4) No como el anterioi 9^ i

8

GENERIC KEY 56. Spotted or blotched dorsally, not unicolor, without black margins on scales

57 Bluish gray dorsally, scales usually with black Platyn on margins, uniform yellow below i

J^.Con borrones o manchas dorsales, no unicolor, escamas sin hordes negros 57 Gris azulado a dorsal, escamas usualmente con borde negro, amarillo uniforme a ventral- Platyn on i

57«Maxillary teeth gradually and feebly increasing usually without dark line in length (Fig. j) Leptode ra from eye to corner of mouth Maxillary teeth subequal (Fig. 2); head usually light with oblique dark streak from eye to Tachymen s corner of mouth

57''^'^"tes maxilares que aumentan de longitud gradualmente (Fig. 3); usualmente sin I'nea oscura desde el ojo accomisura de la boca

58.Ventrals more than I3I Ventrals fewer than I3I

58.Ventrales mas de I3I Ventrales menos de I3I

;

i

i

55 Umbr vaga i

55»Body striped throughout length Body not striped throughout length

L

i

100 oph s i

100. Without grooves or canals on poster ormost 101 max illary teeth Last raaxillary teeth grooved (Fig. 'i)- D taxodon i

i

in row of maxillary teeth Diastema present

101. No diastema

s single; tip capitate Hemipenis bifurcate; tip disked

102. Hem pen

i

i

102

Lygoph

i

s

Rhad inaea L oph s i

i

Leptode ra Dientes maxilares casi iguales (Fig. 2); cabeza usualmente clara con I'nea oscura obllcua desde el ojo a comisura de la boca-- Tachymenis i

')').Cuerpo rayado a

Cuerpo no rayado

55 Umbr vaga i

todo lo largo a todo lo largo

L

i

100 oph s i

canales en dientes maxilares ' 101 poster ores Oltimos dientes maxilares con surcos (Fig. 5) Di taxodon

100. Sin surcos ni

—

i

101. Sin diastema en hilera de dientes max lares-102 Con diastema Lygoph s i

i

102.Hemipene simple, apice capitado Hemipene bifurcado, apice discado

Rhad naea i

L

i

oph

i

s

5)" 104 112

IO3. Dientes maxilares posteriores con surcos (Fig. 104 5) Sin dientes con surcos 112

104. Apical pits present (Fig. 7) Apical pits absent (Fig. 6)

IO5 110

104. Con fosetas apicales (Fig. Sin fosetas apicales (Fig.

105. Anterior mandibular

106 108

lOJ.Dientes mandibulares anteriores son los mas 106 largos Todos los dientes mandibulares aprox imadamen te 108 guales

103. Poster ormost maxillary teeth grooved (Fig. i

Without grooved teeth

teeth longest All mandibular teeth subequal

]

6

-105 -110

i

106.Max llary fang teeth usually of Tachymen s Maxillary fang 6-8 i

i

rather small, weak; maxillary more than ten (in a few species as few as six) IO7 large, strong; maxillary teeth Pseudotomodon

107. Pupil round;

pterygoid teeth 20-24, extend anteriorly beyond articulation of pterygoid with ectopterygo id Gomesoph Pupil vertical; pterygoid teeth fewer than 20, do not extend anteriorly beyond articulation of pterygoid with ectopterygo id Tachymen i

i

106.Colmillo maxilar mas bien chico, debil; dientes maxilares usualmente mas de diez (en unas especies de Tachymen s nada mas que seis)--107 Colmillo maxilar grande, fuerte; dientes max lares 6-8 Pseudotomodon i

i

107.Pupila redonda; dientes pterygoideos 20-24, se extienden anter ormente mas alia de la articulacion del pterygoides con ectopterygo ides Gomesoph is Pupila vertical; dientet pterygoideos menos de 20, no se extienden anter iormente mas alia de la articulacion del pterygoides con ectopteryTachymen is go des i

s

s

i

108. More than ten maxillary teeth anterior to two

enlarged teeth IO5 Fewer than ten maxillary teeth anterior to two enlarged teeth, maxillary may be completely edentulous except for enlarged fang-like teeth Tomodon (Fig. 5) 105. Pupil round Pupil vertical

Ph ilodryas

Thamnodynastes

lOS.Mas de diez dientes maxilares anteriores a dos dientes agrandados IO5 Menos de diez dientes maxilares anteriores a dos dientes agrandados, maxilar puede ser completamente desdentado excepto por dientes Tomodon agrandados, como colmillos (Fiq. 5') IO5. Pupila redonda

Pupila vertical

Philodryas Thamnodynastes

GENERIC KEY 110. Head and anterior part of body not

longitudinally striped 111 Head and anterior part of body with very pronounced, strongly contrasting stripes Conoph is

lll.Mand bular teeth subequal Thamnodynastes Anterior mandibular teeth longest Tachymen s I

llO.Cabeza y parte anterior del cuerpo no rayada longitudinalmente 111 Cabeza y parte anterior del cuerpo con rayas muy pronunc adas, que contrasta n ntensamen te-Conoph s i

i

i

Hl.Oientes mandibulares casi

iguales

Thamnodynastes Oientes mandibulares anteriores son los mas largos Tachymen s

i

i

scale rows 19 at midbody Dorsal scale rows 1/ at midbody

113 114

113.Hem ipen is single, capitate tip Hemipenis bifurcate, tip normal

Rhad naea Drom icus

112. Dorsal

i

114. Small presubocular below preoculai No presubocular below preocular

II5 - Mast

i

112.Hlleras de escamas del medio cuerpo 1^ Hileras de escamas del medio cuerpo 17

113 114

Rhad inaea Drom icus

113.Hemipene simple, apice capitado Hemipene bifurcado, apice normal

114, Con presubocular chico debajo del preoculai

Sin presubocular debajo del

Qodryas

II5 preocularWast qodryas i

llJ.Ventrals more than 180 Ventrals fewer than 180

Mast icoph

is

Coluber

116. Temporal region covered by small scales

Ungal oph s 117 i

i

Not as above

Mast icoph

II5. Ventrales mas de 180 Ventrales menos de 180

is

Coluber

II6. Region temporal cubierta de escamas chicas Ungal oph is ^° como el anterior II7 i

117-Parietal separated from labials by temporal scales 118 Parietal in contact with labials Paroxyrhopus

II7. Parietal separada de labiales por escamas ternpo rales 118 Parietal en contacto con labiales

118. Scale rows at midbody I7 or more Scale rows at midbody fewer than I7

118. Hileras de escamas del medio cuerpo I7

120

Paroxyrhopus

120 Hileras de escamas del medio cuerpo menos de I7 119

-II5

119»Body strongly compressed Body cylindrical

D S

i

i

psas

bynomorphus

119,Cuerpo fuertemente comprimido Cuerpo cil'ndrico

120. Dorsals at midbody I9 or more Dorsals at midbody I7

127 121

120.Dorsales del medio cuerpo I9 Dorsales del medio cuerpo I7

121. Body striped Body not striped

122 l^S

121. Cuerpo rayado Cuerpo no rayado

122, Ventrals more than I75 Ventrals fewer than I75

122. Centrales mas de 175 Ventrales menos de 175

124

123,Con surco mental Sin surco mental (Fig,

groove present Mental groove absent (Fig. 8)

Dipsas 126 125

124, Poster ior maxillary teeth grooved Posterior maxillary teeth not grooved

D S

i

1

psas

bynomorphus

mas

127 121

122 123

Thamnodynastes Leptodrymus

123. Mental

mas

Thamnody nastes Leptodrymus 124

P'P^as

8)

124,Dientes maxilares posteriores acanalados 1-26

Dientes maxilares posteriores no acanalados-125

125. Ventrals more than 180 Ventrals fewer than 180

Drymarchon Drymoluber

126.Subcaudals single Subcaudals paired normal Rostral tip turned up into sharp point

127. Rostral

Pseudoboa Clel ia 128 Ph imoph

128. Anterior temporal single

More than one anterior temporal .'168-492

O— 70

2

is

129 131

I25. Ventrales mas de 180 Ventrales menos de 180

Pseudoboa

126.Subcaudales de a una Subcaudales en pares 1

27. Rostral normal Apice de la rostral

Drymarchon Drymoluber

^^1^1 '^

128 se levanta

punta aguda 128. Temporal anterior ijnica Mas de una temporal anterior

formando una Ph imoph s i

129 I3I

10

GENERIC KEY

125. Last maxillary teeth enlarged,

Oxyrhopus

125.Ultimos dientes maxilares agrandados, no acanaI3O lados; con diastema (Fig. 4) Oxyrhopus No como el anterioi

Paroxyrhopus Xenodon

130.S.n fosetas apicales en escamas dorsales Paroxyrhopus '^g^od"" Con fosetas apicales

not grooved;

diastema present (Fig. i) Not as above 130. Apical

IJO

pits absent on dorsal scales

Apical pits present

132 131. One or more labials enter orb.t Row of suboculars separates all labials from

Cyclaaras

or-bit

132. Body pattern of complete rings

Lampropelt is Body pattern without complete rings 133

133.Posteriormost maxillary teeth with grooves (Fig. 134 138

5}

Not as above 134. Vertebral scales about same size as scales

in

paravertebral rows 135 Scales in vertebral row distinctly larger than Tr ipanurqos paravertebral row scales

131.Una mas labiales entra la 5rbita Hilera de soboculares separa todas de la orbita

Us

132 labiales Cyclagras

132.Diseno del cuerpo con anillos completes Lampropelt is Diseno del cuerpo sin anillos completes 133

133. Dientes maxilares posteriores con surcos (Fig.

134 138

5)

^° ^°"'° ^^

antenoi

134. Escamas vertebrales aprox imadamente del mismo tamano que escamas de hileras paravertebrales-

135 Escamas de hilera vertebral mucho mayores que escamas de hileras paravertebrales Tr panurqos i

135. All subcaudals paired or mixed, with some single 136 single, most paired Pseudoboa Subcaudals all single

mezcladas, I35. Todas las subcaudales en pares 136 algunas de a una, la mayor'a pares Pseudoboa Subcaudales todas de a una

136. Anterior mandibular teeth somewhat enlarged, but length decreases gradually pos ter orly-137

I36. Dientes mandibulares alteriores algo agranda'^°^> 1* longitud decrece gradualmente hacia

i

Third to fifth anterior mandibular teeth very much enlarged, contrasting sharply with other Siphlophis mandibular teeth

137 posterior Tercero al quinto dientes mandibulares anteriores mucho mas grandes, en agudo contraste con S phloph s los otros dientes mandibulares i

137. Color pattern usually of dark and light crossbands which do not extend across ventei

Oxyrhopus Juvenile color pattern of dark head and light collar, with variable pattern on rest of body but never with regular crossbands, adults usually melanistic, obscuring all juvenile Clel ia pattern

i

137.Usualmente con diseiTo de bandas transversales claras y oscuras que no se extienden a traves Oxyrhopus del vientre Diseno de los juveniles de cabeza oscura y collar claro con diseno variable en el resto del cuerpo pero nunca con bandas transversales regulares, adultos usualmente melan st icos, Clel ia eclipsando todo el diseno juvenil 1

138. Dorsal scale rows at midbody fewer than 25

133 Dorsal scale rows at midbody more than 24 Rhachedel is

I3B. Hileras de escamas dorsales del medio cuerpo menos de 25 139 Hileras de escamas dorsales del medio cuerpo Rhachedel s mas de 24 i

139''^pical pits present on dorsal scales

Pseustes Hydrodynas tes

Apical pits absent 140. Anal s ingle Anal d vided

152 141

i

141, Dorsal scale rows at midbody more than I7

142

Dorsal scale rows at midbody I7 or fewer

139»*^°" fosetas apicales en escamas dorsales Pseustes Hydrodynastes Sin fosetas apicales

140. Anal unica Anal d vidida 1

menos 142. Con fosetas apicales en escamas dorsales

7)

144 Apical pits absent

(Fig.

6)

1*3

141

141. Hileras de escamas dorsales del medio cuerpo 142 mas de I7 Hileras de escamas dorsales del medio cuerpo I7

146 142. Apical pits present on dorsal scales(Fig.

152

7)

Sin fosetas apicales (Fig. 6)

146 (Fig. 144 1*3

n GENERIC KEY

nternasales; usualmente temporal anterior Tretanorh nus Internasal unica; usualmente, pero no siempre Hel icops mas de una temporal antenoi

IA3.D0S

internasals; usually single anterior Tretanorh nus temporal Single internasal; usually but not always more Hel icops than one anterior temporal

143. Two

144. Body pattern of complete rings

Rh nobothryum

1*5 i

146, Dorsal scale rows at midbody 1/ Dorsal scale rows at midbody fewer than I7

vl47,Loreal present Loreal absent

144.Diseno del cuerpo de anillos completos Rh nobothryum Cuerpo sin anillos 14$

146.Hileras de escamas dorsales del medio cuerpo I7

Ig4

Hileras de escamas dorsales del medio cuerpo menos de I7 164

1*7

1

145

1

1

145. Poster ior maxillary teeth grooved (Fig, Posterior maxillary teeth not grooved

i

147

148 Oxybel is

148. Ventrals more than I35 Ventrals fewer than 135

Ph lodryas Thamnodynastes

mas lAJ.Ventrales I6O Ventrales menos de I6O

Ph lodryas Thamnodynastes

145.Ventrals 160 or more Ventrals fewer than I6O

i

i

i

Body without rings

i

un ica

i

51

5)--150

148 Oxybel is

47. Con loreal Sin loreal 48. Ventrales mas

de 135 Ventrales menos de 135

149 1

145,Dientes maxilares posteriores acanalados (Fig. •'5''

5)

Drymob us i

5I

Dientes maxilares posteriores no acanalados Drymob us i

150.Dorso con algu'n diseno

150, Dorsum with some pattern

Thamnodynastes Ph lodryas

Dorsum unicoloi 151. Diastema on maxillary absent

Thamnodynastes Ph lodryas

Dorso unicoloi

i

i

151.Sin diastema en maxilar (pig, 3)

(Fig. 3)

Paraptychoph Diastema on maxillary present (Fig. 4) Ptychoph

is

Con diastema en maxilar (Fig.

4}-

Paraptychoph Ptychoph

s

i

s

i

s

i

152, Pref rontales fusionados o reemplazados por mu-

chas escamas chicas Prefrontales nor males

152. Prefrontals fused or replaced by many small

scales Prefrontals normal

153 156

153 156

153' Subcaudales en pares

153.Subcaudals

in

Trachyboa

Su beau da Is s ingle

Nothops s 155

15*'Scale rows 25 or more Scale rows fewer than 25

i

scale

Two keels on each scale

in

in

Nothops

mas 15*-HileraE de escamas 25 Hileras de escamas menos de 25 155,'Jna

155. One keel on each

15*

Trachyboa

Subcaudales unicas

15*

pairs

quiHa

en cada escama de hilera vertebral--

Synoph

vertebral row

Synoph vertebral row - D aphorolep I

156. Dorsal scale rows more Dorsal scale rows 15

than I5

157. Dorsal scale rows more Dorsal scale rows I7

than I7

Dendroph

158. Dorsal scale rows 1?

D

157 164

I56. Hileras de escamas dorsales mas de I5 Hileras de escamas dorsales I5

158

157-

id ion

Thamnoph s 159. Vertebral scales with single keel D iaphorolep s Vertebral scales with two keels i

i

l6l, Loreal plate present

Loreal plate absent

I6I

Trop doph i

s

i

i

s

162

Pseus tes

157 164

Isf^s de escamas dorsales mas de I7 Dendroph Hileras de ffscamas dorsales I7 ^^

'

158, Hileras de escamas dorsales I9 Hileras de escamas dorsales mas de 19

i60. Subcaudales pares Subcaudales de a una

l6l,Con lamina loreal Sin lamina loreal

158 id ion

155 I6O

Thamnoph

159'Escamas vertebrales con una quilla Escamas vertebrales con dos quillas D

l60,Subcaudals in pairs Subcaudals single

aphorolep

1

s

i

159 I6O

Dorsal scale rows more than I5

s

i

Dos quillas en cada escama de hilera vertebral-

s

i

is

155

i

aphorolep

i

i

s s

I6I T

rop doph i

i

s

162

Pseustes

12

GENERIC KEY 162. Dorsal scale rows fewer than 2/ Dorsal scale rows 2] or more

P

i

163 tuoph s i

Thamnophis Pseustes

l63.Ventrals fewer than I75 Ventrals more than 1/5

l64.Posteriormost maxillary teeth enlarged but Leptooh w thout grooves Poster ormost maxillary teeth not or slightly enlarged, with groove present but located Oxybel laterally on tooth

s

i

i

i

l65«A'"ea

i

s

behind eye covered by many small scales 166

Area behind eye covered by several large plates Elaphe 166. Deep sensory pits

labials No sensory pits

in

in

most

if

i

i

Thamnoph is Pseustes

163. Ventrales menos de 175 Ventrales mas de 175

l64.Dientes maxilares posteriores agrandados pero Leptoph s s n surcos Dientes maxilares posteriores no o ligeramente agrandados, con surco situado a lateral del Oxybel is d iente i

i

l65.Area detras del ojo cubierta de muchas escamas 166 ch icas Area detras del ojo cubierta de varias laminas Elaphe grandes

171 167

l66.Fosetas sensoriales profundas en la mayor'a I7I en todas las labiales superiores Sin fosetas sensoriales en labiales 167

168

167. Subcaudales de

not all upper

labials

I63 l62.Hileras de escamas dorsales menos de 27 mas-- P tuoph s Hileras de escamas dorsales 27

l67.Subcaudals si ngle Subcaudals pa ired

Loxocemus

l68.Scales smooth Some or all scales keeled

16^ Trachvboa

una

168

Subcaudales en pares

Loxocemus

168. Escamas

Algunas

1

a

isas

169

todas las escamas quilladas

Trachyboa

l65»Dorsum of head with some enlarged plates Dorsum of head covered by small scales, no enlarged plates on snout

I7O Boa

a posterior de internasales pares y prefrontales pares; hileras de escamas mas de

170. Sin escudos

internasals and paired prefrontals; body scale rows more than

170. No shields posterior to paired

Ep icra tes

40

Ep icra tes

40

Dorso de la cabeza con laminas regulares, incluyendo prefrontal, frontal y parietal azygos; hileras de escamas menos de 40 Ungal oph

Dorsum of head with regular plates, including azygous prefrontal, frontal and parietal; Ungal oph s scale rows fewer than 40 i

l69'Dorso de la cabeza con algunas laminas agrandadas 17" Dorso de la cabeza cubierto de pequenas escamas Boa sin laminas agrandadas en el hocico

i

i

171.Midbody scale rows fewer than 36 Midbody scale rows more than 36

Fig.

12.

Corallus of

.

171.Hileras de escamas menos de 3^ Hileras de escamas mas de 36

Xenoboa 172

lateral view

Fig.

snout

172.Loreal plate absent (Fig. 12); usually more than 50 scale rows at midbody; usually more than 65 subcaudals Corallus Loreal plate present (Fig.13 ); usually fewer than 52 scale rows at midbody; usually fewer than 66 subcaudals Ep era tes i

173»Tail not compressed Tail compressed, oarlike

13.

Ed icrates . of snout

i

s

Xenoboa 17^

lateral view

172. Sin lamina loreal (Fig. 12); usualmente mas de 50 hileras de escamas en el medio cuerpo; usualmente mas de 65 subcaudales

Corallus Con lamina loreal (Fig. 13)? usualmente menos de 52 hileras de escamas en el medio cuerpo; usualmente menos de 66 subcaudales Ep icrates

174

Pelam

i

s

173'Cola no comprimida Cola comprimida, en forma de remo

17*

Pelam

is

—

13

GENERIC KEY

lyA.Ventrals feebly enlarged but recognizably distinct from dorsals Ventrals same size as dorsals 175. Body pattern of complete rings No rings encircling body

176. Body scale rows 15 or more Body scale rows 14

Fig.

Fig.

14.

Anomalep

i

s

Figs. 14-16i. Gen, Oph d. , i

An

175 1](>

il

177

Leptotyphlops

Fig.

15-

Typhloph

ius

Eunectes

'

174. Ventrales ligeramente agrandadas pero reconoc blemente distintas de dorsales Ventrales de igual tamano que dorsales

175.Diseno del cuerpo de anillos completos-- An il ius Eunectes Sin anillos alrededor del cuerpo

Fig.

16.

i

Figs. Dorsum of head in genera of worm snakes. various dates; Fig. 18 from Boulenger, 1853'

177 - Leptotyphlops

Fig.

17.

Helm nthoph

i

s

L

i

14-17 from Jan and Sordelli,

18.

otyphlops Icon.

20, Lateral view of head in Helm inthophis . with nasal and prefrontal distinct, from Jan and Sordell i.

Fig.

15. Lateral view of head in Typhlops . showing fusion of nasal and prefrontal, from Jan and Sor-

Fig.

dell

mas-

176.Hileras de escamas I5 Hileras de escamas 14

Typhlops

is

175 I76

i

i.

177. Scales on dorsum of head behind rostral highly modified, usually similar in appearance to 178 body scales, although largei Pair of polygonal prefrontals in contact on midline behind rostral, followed by pentagonal Anomalepis frontal (Fig. 14)

177. Escamas del dorso de la cabeza detras del rostral muy modificados, usualmente de aspecto similar a las del cuerpo, pero mas grandes-178 Par de prefrontales poligonales en contacto en la I'nea media detras del rostral, seguidas de Anomalepis frontal pentagonal (Fig, 14)

178. Head with plates larger than scales of body-175 Head covered with small scales indistinguishTyphloph s able from those of body (Fig. I5)

178. Cabeza con laminas mas grandes que las escamas 179 del cuerpo Cabeza cubierta de escamas chicas indiferenciadas de las del cuerpo (Fig, l'i)-- T yphloph s

i

i

175. Prefrontals present above nasals (Fig.

20),

in

180 contact with frontal Prefrontals absent, fused with nasals (Fig. frontal behind rostral 15), which contact Typhlops (Fig, 16) in contact behind rostral, separatlatter from frontal (Fig. I7) Helm nthoph s Rostral in contact with frontal, preventing contact between prefrontals on dorsum of head L otyphlops (Fig. 18)

180. Prefrontals ing

i

i

i

179. Con prefrontales encima de nasales (Fig.

20),

180 contacto con frontal Sin prefrontales, fusionadas con nasal (Fig. 15), la cual contact con frontal detras de la Typhlops rostral (Fig. I6) en

180. Prefrontales en contacto detras de rostral, separando a esta de la rostral (Fig. I7)

Helm nthoph s Rostral en contacto con prefrontal, impidiendo el contacto entre prefrontales sur el dorso de L iotyphlops la cabeza (Fig, 18j i

i

14

GENERIC KEY

181. Tip of tail without rattle Tip of tail with rattle

182

Crotalus

182. Poster ior subcaudals finely divided

Laches

Posterior subcaudals normal

i

s

183

I83. Dorsum of head posteriorly with large, regular plates Agk strodon Dorsum of head covered posteriorly by small. i

irregular scales

Bothrops

ISl.Punta de la cola sin cascabel Punta de la cola con cascabel

182

Crotalus

182.Subcaudales posteriores finamente divididas Laches s Subcaudales posteriores normales 183 i

I83. Parte dorsal posterior de la cabeza con laminas

Aqk s trodon regulares, grandes Parte dorsal posterior de la cabeza cubierta de escamas irregulares, chicas Bothrops i

i

15

•*

REPTlLlA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

ADELPHICOS

ADELPHICQS Jan 1862 Adelph icos Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., 2; 18. Type-species: Adelph icos quadr v irqatum Jan. 1866 Rheqnops Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 1866: 128. Type-species: Rheqnops v ison nus Cope. i

i

i

Distribution: Atlantic slopes from central Honduras through British Honduras (apparently not in Yucatan) to central Veracruz; on Pacific slopes from central Guatemala to central Oaxaca; interior valleys of Guatemala and Chiapas. Content:

Two species.

Key to the species 1.

Clave de especies

Third infralabial nearly as broad as long, subequal in size to second; chinshields not greatly expanded toward lip (Fig, l) veraepac s Third infralabial absent, or greatly reduced in size and confined to labial border; chinshields greatly expanded toward lip (Figs. 2-3/ quadr v irga tus

Tercera infralabial aprox imadamente tan ancha como larga, de tamano subigual a la segunda; escudos mentales no expandidos notablemente hacia el borde labial (Fig. l) veraepac s Tercera infralabial ausente o muy reducida en tamano y confinada al borde labial; escudos mentales muy expandidos hacia el borde labial (Figs. 2-3) quadr v rqatus

i

i

i

(Fig.

(Fig.

l)

i

i

(Fig.

2)

3)

Arrangement of scales on chin of Adelph icos (adapted from Smith, 15^2)

Figs. 1-3-

ADELPHICOS QUADRIVIRGATUS Jan 1862 Adelph icos quadr

Distribution: Content:

i

v

i

rga

turn

Zool. Anat.'Fis.,

Jan, Arch.

18,

pi.

i

Type-locality:

"Mexico".

Chiapas, Mexico through British Honduras to Guatemala.

Three subspecies, one

quadr

(

i

v

i

rqatus Jan) ex tral

Key to the subspecies 1.

2:

im

i

tal.

Clave de subespecies

Third infralabial absent; chinshields bordering lip (Fig. 2); belly not or slightly sarg p gmented Very narrow third infralabial separates chinshield from lip (Fig. 3); belly frev son nus quently heavily pigmented i

i

i

i

i

1.

Tercera infralabial ausente; escudos mentales formando el labio (Fig. 2); vientre sin con muy poca pigmentacion (Fig. 2)-sarg Una tercera infralabial muy angosta separa los escudos mentales del labio (Fig. 3); vientre f recuentement muy pigmentado i

V

Adelphicos quadr

i

v

i

rga tus sarg

i

i

(F

i

i

son nus

scher)

188S Rheqnops sarg Fischer. Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst., 2: 52. Type-locality: Guatemala. 1887 Adelphicos sarqii Cope. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 32: 85. 1-9^2 Adelph icos quadr virgatus sarg Smith, Proc. Rochester Acad. Sci., 8: I52. i

—

i

Distribution:

i

i

—

Foothills on Pacific slopes from southern Chiapas to central Guatemala.

i

i

16

ADELPHICOS

Adelph cos quadr i

i

v

i

rga tus

v

i

son inus (Cope)

Type-locality: 1866 Rheanops visoni nus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866: 128, Honduras. 1887 Adelphicos vi son nus Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 32: 85. 1542 Adelph cos quadr v rga tus v son nus Smith, Proc. Rochester Acad. Sci., 8: 186.

—

i

i

i

i

i

—

i

Foothills on Atlantic slopes from Tabasco, Mexico, south and east to central

Distribution: Honduras.

ADELPHICOS VERAEPACIS Stuart is Stuart, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. west of Coban, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.

1541 Adelph icos veraepac

Samac,

7

Distribution: Content:

'<'"

Mich., 452:

5-

Type-locality:

Finca

Alta Verapaz, Guatemala and San Cristobal, Mexico.

Three subspecies, two

Adelph icos veraepac

i

s

veraepac

1542 Adelph icos veraepac

Distribution: Gua temala.

i

s

i

(

s

la

t

i

fasc

ia

tus Lynch and Smith

and

n

i

qr la tus Smith) ex tral im tal. i

i

Stuart

veraepac

i

s

— Smith,

Proc.

Rochester Acad. Sci.,

8:

180.

Intermediate elevations of Alta Verapaz and Sierra de los Cuchumatanes of

n

^^^

SERPENTES: CROTALIDAE

R EPTILIA:

Prepared by Howard

AGKISTRODON

Gloyd, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona

K.

AGKISTRODON Palisot de Beauvois Type-species: Agkistrodon 1759 Agk istrodon Palisot de Beauvois, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, 4: 381. mokasen Palisot de Beauvois. 37O. 1755 Agk ishodon Palisot de Beauvois (typographical error), Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, 4: Boa Type-species: 1802 Scytale Latreille, in Sonnini and Latreille, Hist. Nat. Rept., 3: I58. contortr x Linnaeus. Cenchris mokeson Daudin. Type-species: 1803 Cenchris Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., 5: 356. I8I9 Scytalus Rafinesque (emendation of Scytale Latreille), Amer. Jour. Sc . , 1: 84. Tisiphone cuprea Type-species: 1826 Tisiphone Fitzinger, Neue Classification der Reptilien: 34. i

i

F tz nger. I83O Ancistrodon Waqler (emendation of Aakistrodon Palisot de Beauvois), Nat. Syst. Amphib.: I76. I836 Acontias Troost (preoccupied by Acont ias Cuvier, 182?), Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 3: I76. Acont ias leucostoma Troost. Type-species: I836 Toxicophis Troost (substitute name for Acontias Troost, I836), Ann. Lyc. Nat, Hist. New York, 3: 190. Coph ias hypnale Merrem. Type-species: 1843 Hypnale Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 28. Tr iqonocephalus halys Boie. Type-species: 14. 1849 Halys Gray, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus. i

i

:

Central and southern Asia south of 5^th Parallel, from Caspian Sea to and Including Distribution: Sakhalin, Japan and islands to south, and Taiwan (but not Hainan); south to northern Iran, United States from southeastern Peninsular India and Ceylon, and Tonkin (North Vietnam). Nebraska and southeastern Iowa southwest to Trans-Pecos Texas and south to Gulf of Mexico near Corpus Christi Bay and northern Florida, northeast to Massachusetts; Mexico and Central America, from southern Sonora and Nuevo Leon south to Yucatan, Guatemala, and Pacific Coast of Nicaragua.

Approximately eleven species; about eight Content: one are extral m tal. i

in

Asia and three

in

New World, of which all but

i

AGKISTRODON BILINEATUS (Cunther) Pacific coast Type-locality: I863 Ancistrodon bilineatus Gunther. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (3) 12: 364. of Guatemala. Stejneger, North American Fauna, 14: 7I. 1899 Aak strodon b 1 nea tus Gloyd and Conant, Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci., 7= 1^3, figs. 4, 11-12. 1943 Agk strodon bill nea tus i

i

i

i

Distribution: Nicaragua. 15,

— —

Tamaulipas, Mexico on Atlantic slope and southern Sonora on Pacific slope to Records in British Honduras have been questioned by Allen and Neill, Herpetolog ica,

1559, 229.

Content:

Two subspecies, one of which

Aok strodon bill nea tus i

b il

i

(

taylor

i

Burger and Robertson)

is

ex tral

i

m

i

tal.

neatus (Gunther)

1951 Aqkistrodon bilineatus bilineatus pi. 25, fig. 3.

— Burger

and Robertson, Univ. Kansas Sci.

Bull., 3*'

214,

Nicaragua, Guatemala, and possibly British Honduras to southern Sonora on Distribution: Pacific slope and to Campeche and Yucatan Peninsula on Atlantic slope of Mexico; Tres Marias slands. I

1

i

jj REPTILIA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

jl^

^^^

AMASTRIDIUM

Prepared by Larry David Wilson, University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana

AMASTRIDIUM Cope

Amastridium vellferum Type-species: 1861 Amastridium Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I860: 37O. Cope. ien-Sammlung im Museum der Senckenberg ischen I858 Fie ischmannia Boettger, Katalog der Rept Fie ischmannia Type-species: Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main, 2: 65. i

obscura Boettger. Type-species: iq03 Mimometopon Werner. Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., 22: 349, pi. 1, figs. 3-5. M imometopon sapper! Werner. Type-spec es: Phrydops melas Boulenger. 130s PhrydoDS Boulenqer. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., {7) 15: 453. i

Distribution:

As for single known species.

One species.

Content;

AMASTRIDIUM VELIFERUM Cope Cocuyas de Type-locality; Nat. Sci. Phila., I860: 37O. Veraguas, N. Grenada, which is Cocuyas, Panama. I898 Fie schmann ia obscura Boettger, Katalog der Rept il ien-Sammlung im Museum der Senckenberg ischen San Jos^, Costa Type-locality: Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main, 2: 69. I86I Amastridium veliferum Cope, Proc. Acad. i

Rica. Type-locality: 1903 Mimometopon sapper Werner. Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., 22: 349, pi. 1, figs. 3-5. Qua temala. Cariblanco, Costa Type-locality; iqOS Phrydops melas Boulenger. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 15^ ^5*» Rica. Dunn, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 65: !• 1925 Amastr d ium sapper Dunn. Copeia, 1931: I63. 1931 Phydrops [TicJ melas 1

i

— —

Atlantic and Pacific slopes from Nuevo Leon and Chiapas, Mexico, through Guatemala, Distribution; Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama.

1

—

.

19

REPTILIA: SERPENTES

:

^^

'^

ANILIIDAE

ANILIUS

ANILIUS Oken 1811 Tortr x Oppel (preoccupied by Tortr ix Denis and Sch if f ermuller, 1775)> Die Ordnungen, Famillen, None indicated. Type-species: und Gattungen der Reptilien: 55Anqu s scytale Linnaeus. Type-species: ius Oken, Lehrb. Naturgesch., 3= 283. 1816 An 1820 Elys a Hemprich (new name for Tortr ix Oppel, preoccupied by Elys ia Risso, 1818), Grundriss der Naturgeschichte, 1820: U5. 1820 Hel ison Goldfuss (new name for Tortr ix Oppel, I8II), Handbuch der Zoologie, 2: 146. lys ia Lichtenstein (emendation of Elys a Hemprich), Verzeichniss der Doubletten des Zoologischen 1823 Museums der Konigl. Universitat zu Berlin: 104. 182') Torquatr ix Haworth (new name for Tortr ix Oppel), Phil. Mag., 6$: table opposite p. 372' lys ia Lichtenstein), Naturgeschichte und Abbildungen der I833 11 is a Schinz (emendation of Reptilien: I3I. 1844 An leus Agassiz (emendation of An 1 us Oken), Nomenclator s Zoologici Index Universalis: 23. i

i

i

i

i

I

i

1

I

i

i

Distribution: Content:

i

i

As for single species.

One species.

ANILIUS SCYTALE (Linnaeus) 1758 Anquis Scytale Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 228. I8I6 Anilius scytale Oken, Lehrb. Naturgesch., 3: 283.

—

Distribution:

Type-locality:

"Indiis".

Guianas; northern Brazil; Venezuela; Amazonian drainage of Colombia, Ecuador and

Peru.

Content:

Two subspecies.

Clave de subespecies

Key to the subspecies

Ventrals fewer than 225; black bands broader than red phelpsorum Ventrals more than 225; black bands narrower than red scytale

1.

An

il ius

1768 1768 1768 1768 1768 1958

1.

Ventrales menos de 225; bandas transversas negras mas anchas que las ro jas- phelpsorum Ventrales mas de 225; bandas transversas negras mas angostas que las rojas scytale

scytale scytale (Linnaeus) None given. Type-locality: Angu s annulata Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: 69. Type-locality: None given. Anqu s fasc ata Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: f^ Surinam. Anqu s caerulea Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: 71Type-locality: Brazil. Anqu s corall na Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: fX. Type-locality: Type-locality: Ceylon. Anqu s atra Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: 71' A.[ nilii7s J scytale [ scytale ] Roze, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 2: 261. i

i

.

i

i

i

i

—

i

Distribution: Venezuela

Amazonian Peru, Ecuador and Colombia; northern Brazil; Guianas; southeastern

An lius scytale phelpsorum Roze i

1958 Anilius scytale phelpsorum Roze, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, Auyantepui, Estado Bol'var, Venezuela,

Distribution:

Eastern and southern Venezuela.

2:

258.

Type-locality:

20

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: ANOMALEPIDIDAE

if

*

ANOMALEPIS

ANOMALEPIS Jan Type-species: I860 Anomalep s Jan, Icon. Gen. Ophid., Livr. 1: pi. 5> f'9' 1; pl* 6, fig. 1. Anomalep s mex icanus Jan. 1853 Anomalolep s Gunther (substitute name for Anomalep s Jan), Biol. Cent. Amer., Rept.: 8], i

i

i

i

Distribution: Mexico through Central America to Peru and Ecuador. Content:

Four species. Key to the species

1.

Clave de especies

Head and tip of tail brownHead and tip of tail yellowish white

2

— f

1.

lavap ices

Dorsal scales at midbody in more than 22 rows; more than 3OO dorsals from head to tip of tail 3 Dorsal scales at midbody in 22 rows; less than 300 dorsals from head to tip of tallmex icanus

i

2.

3. 3.

Dorsal scales at midbody in 24-26 rows; less than 35'^ total dorsals {32O-343) aspinosus Dorsal scales in 28 rows at midbody; total dorsals 365 Colombia

Cabeza y porcion terminal de la cola pardos 2 Cabeza y porcion terminal de la cola bianco amar llentos f la yap ices

Escamas filas; Escamas filas;

dorsales en el medio cuerpo mas de 22 'jOO dorsales totales 3 dorsales en el medio cuerpo en 22 menos de 3''^ dorsales totalesmex icanus mas de

Escamas dorsales en el medio del cuerpo 24-26 filas; menos de 350 dorsales (32O-343) aspinosus Escamas dorsales en el medio del cuerpo en 28 filas; dorsales totales 3^5 colomb ia

ANOMALEPIS ASPINOSUS Taylor 1939 Anomalepis aspinosus Taylor, Proc. locality; Perico, Peru.

Distribution:

New England Zool. Club,

I7:

92,

pi.

5,

figs.

5-7.

Type-

Known only from type locality.

ANOMALEPIS COLOMBIA Marx 19*53

Anomalepis Colombia Marx. Fieldiana: Zool., 3*= 197Department of Caldas, Colombia.

Distribution:

Type-locality:

La Selva,

Pueblo Rico,

Known only from type locality.

ANOMALEPIS FLAVAPICES Peters 1957 Anomalepis flat/apices Peters, Amer. Mus. Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador.

Distribution:

Novitates, I85I:

3-

Type-locality:

Esmeraldas,

Lowlands of northwestern Ecuador.

ANOMALEPIS MEX ICANUS Jan 1861 Anomalep is mex icanus Jan, Icon. Gen. Ophid., Livr. 1: pi. 5> fig- 1> pl- 6, fig. 1. locality: Mexico. 1939 Anomalepis dentatus Taylor. Proc. New England Zool. Club, I7: 9O, pi, 5, figs. I-3. Barro Colorado, Canal Zone, Panama.

Distribution:

Known only from Mexico and Panama.

Type-

Type-locality:

21

REPTILIA: SERPENTES

APO STOLE? IS

COLUBR IDAE

:

APOSTOLEPIS Cope Type-species: Elapomorphus flavo 1862 Apostolepis Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 1861: 524. torquatus Dumlril, Bibron and Dumeril. Type-species: Rhynchonyx ambiniqer 186'j Rhynchonyx Peters. Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I865: 43/. Peters. i

Distribution: Content:

Guyana and eastern Peru south to Argentinian, Paraguayan and Bolivian Chaco.

Fourteen spec es. i

Clave de especies

Key to the species 1.

2.

3.

Nasal in contact with preoculai Masai not in contact with preoculai

2

1.

4

One postocular Two post oculars

3

2.

coronata

Less than 35 subcaudals; four or five labials in contact with anterior pair of chinshields

—

3-

12

i

Six supralabials F ve supralabials

5

5.

Fifth upper labial only

in

contact with parie-

Fifth and sixth upper labials parietal 6.

7.

Four lower labials

in

Five lower labials ch nsh ields

in

i

7

rondon I

7.

is

Without double row of ventral spots. 11 erythronota With double row of ventral spots in

contact with anterior

Four lower labials

in

contact with anterior dorb qny

ambi

ch insh ields

n

i

- qu

i

Diseflo dorsal no lineado

is

i

s

5

OiseHo dorsal lineado

10

Sin doble hilera de manchas ventrales Con doble hilera de manchas

11

qer 10. Cinco labiales i

in contact with intermed ia anterior chinsh ields Five lower labials in contact with anterior n iqroterm inata ch insh ields

Less than 23O ventrals-

5.

Cuatro labiales inferiores en contacto con gene iales anter iores cearens Cinco labiales inferiores en contacto con gene iales anter iores ass im il

erythronota i

11. Three or four lower labials

12. More than 23O ventrals-

i

s

8.

ch insh ields

5

qo iasens is

Sin diseHo dorsal con cinco ifneas longitudinal es 7 Diseflo dorsal con cinco I'neas longi tudinales

i

--9 -10

No stripes dorsally-

lO.Five lower labials

Con seis supralab iales Con cinco supralab iales

—

contact with anterior cearens contact with anterior ass imi 1

Dorsum striped 9.

Menos de 35 escamas caudales; cuatro o cinco labiales en contacto con el par anterior de gene ales 12 Mas de 45 escamas caudales; cuatro labiales en contacto con el par anterior de geneiales long Cauda ta

6.

8

rondon

3

-coronata

Unicamente la quinta supralabial contacta con 6 la parietal Quinta y sexta supralabial en contacto con la 8 parietal

contact with

Dorsal pattern other than five stripes Dorsal pattern with five stripes

ch insh ields

8.

in

Con una postocular Con dos postoculares

5-

6

tal

4

i

4.

qo iasens is

i

2

i

More than 45 subcaudals; four labials in contact with anterior pair of chinshields long caudata 4.

Nasal contacta con la preocular Nasal no contacta con la preocular-

13 nquel neata i

inferiores en contacto con gene iales anter iores amb in qer Cuatro labiales inferiores en contacto con geneiales anter iores dorb qny i

i

ll.Tres cuatro labiales inferiores en contacto con geneiales anteriores ntermed ia Cinco labiales inferiores en contacto con gene iales anter ores n qroterminata i

i

12. Mas de 23O ventrales Menos de 23O ventrales

13.Body striped; no black-bordered collai n icef oroi Body not striped; black-bordered red collar present f lavotorquata

i

i

qu

i

13 nquel inea ta

13.Diseflo dorsal lineado;

sin collar bordeado de negro n cef oro DiseRo dorsal no lineado; con collar rojo bordeado de negro f lavotorquata i

i

22

APOSTOLEPIS

APOSTOLEPIS AMBINIGER (Peters) Type-locality: 1869 Rhynchonyx ambiniqer Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I865: 438, fig. 2. Paraguay. Mato Type-locality: Soc. , 24: 56. I887 Rhynchonyx ambiniqer vittatus Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Grosso, Brazil. Boulenger (unjustified emendation). Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., J: 2J]. 1896 Apostolepis ambinigra Type-locality: Buena 1927 Apostolepis tenuis Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 188: 1. Vista, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

—

Distribution:

Western Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay.

APOSTOLEPIS ASSIMILIS (Reinhardt) 1861 Elapomorphus assimilis Reinhardt, Vid. Meddel. Naturh. For. Kjobenhavn, 1860: Minas Gerais, Brazil. Type-locality: 1-5. 1896 Apostolepis assimilis- Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 3= 234.

235, pi.

4,

figs.

—

Distribution:

Central and southwestern Brazil, Argentinian Chaco.

APOSTOLEPIS CEARENSIS Gomes TypeApostolepis cearensis Gomes, Ann. Paulistas Med. Cirurg., 4: 122, pi. 3, figs. 4-8. Ceara, Brazil. locality: unknown. Type-locality: 1925 Apostolepis amarali Werner. Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 134: 62. 191')

Distribution:

Northeastern Brazil.

APOSTOLEPIS CORONATA (Sauvage) 1877 Elapomorphus ( Elapomorphus ) coronatus Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom., (7) 1: 110. South America. 1896 Apostolepis coronata Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 3= 233Type-locality: 1903 Apostolepis Pymi Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 12: 353.

Type-locality:

—

Distribution:

Brazil.

Known only from Teresopolis, Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

APOSTOLEPIS DORBIGNYI (Schlegel) 1837 Calamaria d'Orbignyi Schlegel, Essai Physion. Serpens, 1896 Apostolepis dorbignyi Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus,,

—

Distribution:

2: '):

Type-locality: JO, 236.

Chile.

Southwestern Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia.

APOSTOLEPIS ERYTHRONOTA (Peters) 1880 Elapomorphus erythronotus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1880: 222. SSo Type-locality: Paulo, Brazil. Mato 1887 Apostolepis erythronotus lineatus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, 24: 56. Type-locality: Grosso, Brazil. SSo Paulo, 1897 Apostolepis niqriceps Werner. Sitz. Akad. Wiss. MiJnchen, 1857: 207. Type-locality: Brazil.

Distribution:

Central and southwestern Brazil, northern Argentina and Paraguay.

APOSTOLEPIS FLAVOTOROUATA (Oumeril, Bibron and Dumeril) 1854 Elapomorphus f lavo-torquatus Dumeri], Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. "Amerique Meridional". I862 Apostolepis flavotorquata Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., I869 Elapomorphus n qrol neatus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, as "Guinea", but assumed by Peters to be South America. 1924 Apostolepis sanctae-ritae Werner. Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, I33: Brazil. (Probably Santa Rita do Araguaia, Estado de Goias).

—

i

Distribution:

i

Central Brazil.

i

Gen.,

8:

I86I: I869:

524. 43?.

43.

836.

Type-locality:

Type-locality:

Type-locality:

Given

Santa Rita,

23

AfOSTOLEPlS

APOSTOLEPIS GOIASENSIS Prado 1542 Apostolepis goiasensis Prado, Mem. Goias, Brazil.

Distribution:

Inst.

Butantan, I6:

7>

Pl-

Type-locality:

!•

Rio Verde,

Estado de Goias, Brazil.

APOSTOLEPIS INTERMEDIA Koslowsky I858 Apostolep is intermedia Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Distribution:

8:

JO,

pi.

1,

figs.

4-7.

Type-locality:

Estado de Mato Grosso, Brazil.

APOSTOLEPIS LONGICAUDATA Gomes 1521 Apostolepis longicaudata Gomes, in Amaral, Ann. Paulistas Med. Cirurg., 9 (7"^)' 3» Pl- *> figs. 4-7. Type-locality: Municipio de Santa Philomena, Estado de Piauhy, Brazil.

Distribution:

Known only from type locality.

APOSTOLEPIS NICEFOROI Amaral 1535 Apostolep is n icef oro Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, Pedrera, Bajo Caqueta, Amazonas, Brazil. i

Distribution:

'):

221, fig.

5-

Type-locality:

La

Known only from type-locality.

APOSTOLEPIS NIGROTERMINATA Boulenger I856 Apostolep is n qrot'erm inata Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., J: 235> pl- ^'^i fig« 2. Type-locality: Cayaria, Northeastern Peru. Peracca, Bol. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, I5 (4b0): '). 1504 Apostolep is borell locality: Urucum (probably Mato Grosso, Brazil). i

i

Distribution:

i

Type-

Eastern Peru, western Brazil.

APOSTOLEPIS OUINQUELINEATA Boulenger I856 Apostolep s qu nquel neata Boulenger, Cat. locality: Demerara, Guyana.

1-

Type-

Apostolepis Rondoni Amaral, Comm. L.T.E. Matto-Grosso-Amazonas, 84: 25, figs. 4-6. locality: Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Type-

i

Distribution:

i

i

Sn.

Brit.

Mus., J:

235»

pl-

10»

fig-

Guyana.

APOSTOLEPIS RONDONI Amaral 192*)

Distribution:

Known only from the type locality.

s

24

ATRACTUS

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

ATRACTUS Wagler 1828 1843 18S8 1910

A-tractus trilineatus Wagler. Type-species: Atractus Waaler, Isis von Oken, 21: Jil. Brachyorrhos f lamm igerus Boie. Type-species: Urobrachys Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 24. Type-species: Isoscelis maculata Gunther. Isoscelis Gunther. Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus.: 204. Atractus ( Atractops Type-species: Atractopsis Despax, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, I6: 372. pauc dens Oespax.

i

)

i

Panama; South America as far south as Amazonian Bolivia and southern Brazil, east of Distribution: Andes and northwestern Ecuador west of Andes; slopes and highlands of Andes in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.

Content:

Approximately 7" species.

Atractus subb ic nctum Jan is omitted from the data matrix below, because there was Comment: insufficient information in the original description. i

Matrix for Identification of Species

Matriz para

ident

i

f

icac ion de especles

25

ATR ACTUS

26

ATRAC TUS

i

27

ATRACTUS

ATRACTUS ANDINUS Prado 1544 Atractus andinus Prado, Ciencia (Mexico),

Colomb a. ISAS Atractus and nus

5=

lHj

^'"3-

Andes, Antioquia,

Type-locality:

!•

i

i

Distribution:

— Prado.

Mem.

Butantan, 18 (1544-45): IO5, fig.

Inst.

Known only from type locality.

ATRACTUS ARANGOI Prado 1939 Atractus aranqoi

Distribution:

Prado.

Mem.

Butantan, I3: I5, fig.

Inst.

Type-locality:

1.

Colombia.

Known only from Puerto AsTs, Putumayo, Colombia.

ATRACTUS BADIUS (Boie) I827 I827 1897 ?1862 ?1862 I854

Java? Type-locality: Brachyorrhos badius Boie, Isis von Oken, 20: $40. Java? Type-locality: Brachyorrhos f lamm gerus Boie, Isis von Oken, 20: 5*0. French Guiana. Type-locality: Calamar ia badius Schlegel, Essai Physiog. Serpens, 2: 35. Venezuela. Tabdosoma badium ] var. Rubinianum Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Pis., 2: 14. Type-locality: [ Bogota, Colombia. Type-locality: R.[ abdosoma J dubium Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., 2: 18. Atractus badius Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 2: 3O8. i

—

Distribution:

Northern South America east of Andes and south to northern Argentina.

ATRACTUS BALZANI Boulenger 1898 Atractus balzani Boulenger, Ann. Mus. Civ. Storia Nat. Geneva, Missiones Mosetenes, northwest Bolivia.

Distribution:

(2)

I9:

I29.

Type-locality:

Known only from type locality.

ATRACTUS BISERIATUS Prado Manizales, Type-locality: 1541 Atractus biseriatus Prado, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 14 (154O): 26, fig. Departamento de Caldas, Colombia; Villamaria, Departamento de Caldas, according to E. R. Dunn, in Savage, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 112, I56O, 80. Distribution:

ATRACTUS BOCK

I

Known only from type locality.

Werner

1909 Atractus bock Werner, Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 26: Cochabamba, Departamento de Cochabamba, Bolivia.

Distribution:

228,

fig.

5.

Type-locality:

Known only from type locality.

Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 4, 1529j 26, indicated that this was Comment: Boulenger, which is known only from western Ecuador.

ATRACTUS BOCOURTI

synonym of A. modestus

Boulenger

I854 Atractus bocourti Boulenger, Cat. de Huanuco, Peru.

Distribution:

a

Sn.

Brit.

Mus.,

2:

3O6.

Type-locality:

Acomayo, Departamento

Northern Peru; Ecuador.

ATRACTUS BOETTGERI Boulenger 1896 Atractus boettqeri Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., Yungas, Departamento de Cochabamba, Bolivia.

Distribution:

Known only from type locality.

3:

645.

Type-locality:

Yungas, Sierra de las

I

28

ATRACTUS

ATRACTUS BOULENGERI

Peracca

Peracca, Bol. Mus, Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, 11 (252): 1896 Atractus Boulenaer locality: South America. i

I

Parker

Type-locality: 1930 Atractus carrion! Parker. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (lO) 5: 208, figs. 2200 m. Savage, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 112: ')2. 1560 Atractus carr on i

Distribution:

ATRACTUS CLARK

Type-

fig.

Unknown.

Distribution:

ATRACTUS CARRION

1,

i

i

Loja, Ecuador,

—

Intenmontane valley of Loja, Ecuador.

Dunn and Bailey

I

Dunn and Bailey, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 86: 1539 Atractus dark Cruz de Cana, Provincia de Darien, Panama. i

Distribution:

8.

Mine at Santa

Type-locality:

Known only from type locality.

ATRACTUS COLLARIS Peracca 1897 Atractus collaris Peracca, Bol. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, 12 (284): RTo Cononaco, Provincia Pastaza, Ecuador. X36O Atractus collar s Savage. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 112: 34. i

Distribution:

4.

Type-locality:

—

Amazonian Ecuador and northeastern Peru, 3OO-6OO ft.

ATRACTUS CRASSiCAUDATUS (Oumeril, Bibron and Oumeril) I854 Rabdosoma crass icaudatum Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. Gen., 7Departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia. Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 2: 3IO. I894 Atractus crass icaudatus 1914 Atractus Fuhrmann Peracca, Mem. Soc. Neuchatel Sci. Nat., 5= 100. Departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia.

103'

Type-locality;

Bogota,

—

i

Distribution:

ATRACTUS DU DENS I

IS

ATRACTUS DUNN

I

Bogota,

Highlands of Colombia.

Roze

1961 Atractus duidensis Roze, Acta Biol. Venezuel ica, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela, 2O5O m.

Distribution:

Type-locality:

J:

110.

Type-locality:

Cumbre del Cerro Duida,

Region of Cerro Duida, Venezuela.

Savage

I883 Rabdosoma maculatum Bocourt (preoccupied by maculata Gunther, I858), Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept., Type-locality: Ecuador. 539, pi. 34, figs. 2-2e; pl. 35, fig. 1. 1955 Atractus dunn Savage (subst itute name for Rabdosoma maculatum Bocourt), Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: 14. i

Distribution:

Peru and Ecuador*

ATRACTUS ECUADORENSIS Savage 1955 Atractus ecuadorens s Savage, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: I5. area"; probably Llanganate Range, Provincia Tunguruhua, Ecuador. i

Distribution:

Known only from type locality.

Type-locality:

"Llangate

J:

I

i

29

ATRACTUS ATRACTUS ELAPS (GUnther) 1858 Rhabdosoma elaps Gunther, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus.: 241. Type-locality: Guayaquil, Ecuador (probably in error). 1862 R. abdosoma_ brevifrenum Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. FIs., 2: 12. Type-locality: Brazil. 1862 R.[ abdosoma J Popp ig Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., 2: 11. Type-locality; Brazil. 1531 Atractus elaps tetrazonus Amaral, Bull. Antivenin Inst. Amer. , 4: S/. Type-locality: Guaicaramo, east of Bogota, Colombia. 1543 Geophi s diplozeuqus Schmidt and Walker, Zool. Ser. Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus., 24: 286. Typelocality: Departamento de Madre de Dios, Peru. 1960 Atractus elaps Savage, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 112: 39. i

—

Distribution: Oriente and interandean highlands of Ecuador, northern Peru, eastern Colombia, and Amazonas, Brazil.

ATRACTUS EMMEL

(Boettger)

1888 Geophis Emmel Boettger, Ber. Senckenberg Naturforsch. Ges., 1888: I52, figs. R'o Mapiri, Departamento de La Paz, Bolivia. I894 Atractus emmel —Boulenger. Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 2: 3II.

Type-locality:

i

Distribution:

Bolivia and Peru.

ATRACTUS ERYTHROMELAS Boulenger 1903 Atractus erythromelas Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 11: 483, Estado de Merida, Venezuela, I6OO m. 1966 Atractus erythromelas Roze, Of idios de Venezuela: 80.

Type-locality:

Merlda,

—

Distribution:

Andes of Merida, Venezuela, above 1000 m.

ATRACTUS FULIGINOSUS (HaUowell) 1845 Coluber fuliqinosus Hallowellf Proc. "within 200 miles of Caracas", in 1958 Atractus ful iq inosus Roze, Notulae 1966 Atractus ful q nosus Roze, Of idios i

Distribution:

— —

i

Acad. Nat. Scl Phila., 184$: 243, Type-locality: Colombia; indicated as Venezuela by Roze (below). Naturae, 3O9: 3. de Venezuela: 81. .

Given as

Northern Venezuela.

ATRACTUS GAIGEAE Savage 1955 Atractus qa iqeae Savage, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: Morona-Ch nch pe Provinces, Ecuador.

12.

Type-locality:

Sant iago-Zaruma or

i

i

Distribution:

Amazonian lowlands ot Ecuador.

ATRACTUS GUENTHERI (Wucherer) I86I Geoph s Gunther Wucherer, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861: 115> pl« 19> figCafiavieras, south of Bahia (Sao Salvador), Estado do Bahia, Brazil. I894 Atractus quenther —Boulenger. Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 2: 3O5, i

i

!•

Type-locality:

i

Distribution:

ATRACTUS 1940

Amazonian Colombia and Brazil.

INDISTINCTUS Prado

Atractus indist inctus Prado, Mem. Inst. Butantan, I3 (I939): I6, fig. Departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia.

Distribution:

Known only from type locality.

2.

Type-locality:

Ocafia,

30 ATR ACTUS

A

RACTUS

INSIPIDUS Roze insipidus Roze, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, Uraricapara, Venezuela-Brazil border, 400 m.

1561 Atractus

Distribution:

ATRACTUS

J:

106.

Type-locality:

Poste M-1, cerca de R'o

Venezuela-Brazil border.

IRIDESCENS Peracca

I856 Atractus iri descens Peracca, Bol. Mus. South America. locality:

Distribution:

ATRACTUS LANCINI

I

Zool. Anat.

Univ.

112.

Type-locality:

Unknown.

Roze

1961 Atractus lancinii Roze. Acta Biol. Venezuelica, Federal, Venezuela, I9OO m.

Distribution:

Type-

Torino, 11 (252): 2, fig.

Comp,

J:

El Junquito,

Distrito

Known only from type locality.

ATRACTUS LASALLEI Amaral 1531 Atractus lasalle Amaral, Bull. Antivenin Inst. Amer., Medellin, Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. i

Distribution:

4:

87.

Type-locality:

north of

San Pedro,

Highlands of northern Colombia.

ATRACTUS LATIFRONS (Cunther) 1868 Geophis latifrons Gunther. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (i) 1: 415, pl' 19j 'fig- B. Type-locality: Pebas, Departamento de Loreto, Peru. 1896 Atractus la t f rons Boulenqer. Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 2: 3O3. Type-locality: Mundurucu, Rio Manacapuru, Estado do 1927 Elaps herthae Ahl, Zool. Anz., ]0: 252. Amazonas, Braz 1.

—

i

i

Distribution:

Western Brazil; eastern Peru; eastern Colombia.

ATRACTUS LEHMANNI Boettger I898 Atractus lehmann Boettger, Katal. Rept. Mus. Senckenberg, 2: 80. Type-locality: Provincia Azuay, Ecuador. i960 Atractus lehmann Savage, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 112: 45. i

i

Distribution:

Cuenca,

—

Known only from type locality.

ATRACTUS LIMITANEUS (Amaral)

Leptocalamus 1 m taneus Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 9' 219, figs. 1-3Type-locality: Pedrera. Rio Caqueta, Comisaria de Amazonas, Colombia, i960 [ Atractus ] 1 imi taneus Savage, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 112: 81. ISS'i

i

i

—

Distribution:

Known only from type locality.

ATRACTUS LOVERIDGEI Amaral 193*^

Atractus lover dqe Amaral, Bull. Antivenin Inst. Amer., Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia.

Distribution:

i

i

Highlands of northern Colombia.

4:

28.

Type-locality:

Jerico,

La

3J_

ATRACTUS

ATRACTUS MACULATUS (Cunther) Type-locality: Unknown. 1858 soscel s macula ta Gunther, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., I858: 204. Type-locality: None given. 1862 R. ^abdosoma J zebr num Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., 2: I5. Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 2: 3^(>) pl- 1*> 'fig- 3I854 Atractus macula tus i

I

i

—

I

Distribution:

Espirito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

ATRACTUS MAJOR Boulenger Type-locality: Pallatanga, Canelos, and 1853 Atractus major Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 2: JO], Intac, Ecuador; restricted by lectotype designation to Canelos, Provincia Pastaza, Ecuador, by Savage, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 112, I56O, 50. 1560 Atractus major Savage, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 112: i].

—

Distribution:

Ecuador and Colombia on Amazonian slopes; Venezuela; Brazil.

ATRACTUS MANIZALESENSIS Prado 15*0 Atractus manizalesensis Prado, Mem. Inst. Butantan, I3 (l539)' 17> f'S- *• Colombia; actually from Villamaria, Departamento de Caldas, according to Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., 112, I56O, 82.

Distribution:

Type-locality: E.

R.

Dunn,

in

Savage,

Known only from type locality.

ATRACTUS MELAMOGASTER Werner 1516 Atractus melanogaster Werner, Zool. Anz., 47: Departamento de Tolima, Colombia.

Distribution:

Type-locality:

J08,

Caiion

del

Tolima,

Departamentos deTolima and Antioquia, Colombia.

ATRACTUS MEL AS Boulenger I5O8 Atractus melas Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (8) Departamento Valles, Colombia, 3(^0 <"•

Distribution:

ATRACTUS MICHELI

114.

Type-locality:

Los Mangos,

Known only from type locality.

Mocquard

1904 Atractus Micheli

Distribution:

1:

Mocquard, Bull.

Mus.

Hist.

Nat.

Paris,

1504:

Type-locality:

3OI.

French Guiana.

Known only from type specimen,

ATRACTUS MICRORHYNCHUS (Cope) 1868 Rhabdosoma m icrorhynchum Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868: 102. Type-locality: Guayaquil, Ecuador. i960 Atractus m icrorhynchum Savage, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 112: 52.

—

Distribution:

Lower Andean slopes

in

northwestern Ecuador.

ATRACTUS MODESTUS Boulenger 1854 Atractus modestus Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Ecuador. 1960 Atractus modestus Savage, Misc. Publ. Mus.

—

Distribution:

Western Ecuador.

Mus.,

2:

Zool.

Univ.

3O4,

pi.

Mich.,

I5,

fig.

112:

53.

1.

Type-locality: Western

32

ATRACTUS

ATRACTUS MULTICINCTUS (Jan) I865 Rabdosoma bad um var. mult ici nctum Jan, in Jan and Sordelli, Icon. Gen. Ophidiens, Livr. 10: pi. Lima, Peru (in error). Type-locality: 4, fig. 5Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I858: 116. I858 Atractus mult ic inctus 1960 Atractus multicinctus Savage, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 112: 5*« i

— —

Distribution:

Northwestern Ecuador into Choco of Colombia,

ATRACTUS NICEFORI Amaral 1530 Atractus n icefor Amaral, Bull. Antivenin Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. i

Distribution:

Inst.

Amer.,

4:

28.

Type-locality:

Jerico,

Highlands of northern Colombia,

ATRACTUS NIGRICAUDUS Schmidt and Walker 1543 Atractus n iqr icaudus Schmidt and Walker, Zool. Ser. Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus., 24: 327Huachon, east of Cerro de Pasco, Departamento de JunTn, Peru, 10,000 ft. locality:

Distribution:

Type-

Known only from type locality.

ATRACTUS NIGRIVENTRIS Amaral 1933 Atractus n iqr ventr s Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7 (1932)! 116. southeast of San Gil, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. i

Distribution:

i

Type-locality:

Chita,

Known only from type locality.

ATRACTUS OBESUS Marx Santa Barbara, at base Type-locality: i960 Atractus obesus Marx, Fieldiana: Zool., 39- ^11> ^''9- 71' of Cerro Frontimo, upper R'o Urrao, a tributary of RTo Penserisco, Cordillera Occidental, Antioquia, Colombia.

Distribution: Known from type locality and El Roblal, R'o Pichinade, tributary of R'o Call, Los Farallones, Valle and Carca Colombia, 7OO-8OO air miles south of type locality.

ATRACTUS OBTUSIROSTRIS Werner 1916 Atractus obtus irostr s Werner, Zool. Anz., 47: Departamento de Tolima, Colombia. i

Distribution:

ATRACTUS OCCIDENTAL

Canon del Tolima,

Type-locality:

Known from type locality and from Pensilvania, Colombia.

Savage

IS

1955 Atractus occ dental s Savage, Proc. Provincia Pichincha, Ecuador. i

Distribution:

3''8.

i

Pacific slopes of Andes

Biol.

in

Soc. Washington, 68:

16.

Type-locality:

northwestern Ecuador, 800-1200

Mindo,

m.

ATRACTUS OCCIPITOALBUS (jan) 1862 Rhabdosoma occ ip toalbum Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., 2: I6. Type-locality: Andes of Ecuador, 4000 ft. 1880 Rabdosoma Dubo is Boulenger, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1880: 44. Type-locality: Andes of Ecuador. 1894 Atractus occ ip toalbus Boulenger, Cat. Sn, Brit. Mus., 2: 3IO, 19'iS Atractus orces Savage, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 68: I7. Type-locality: Loreto, Provincia Pastaza, Ecuador. i

i

i

—

i

Distribution:

Eastern slopes of Andes

in

Ecuador.

33

ATR ACTUS

ATRACTUS OCULOTEMPORALIS Amaral 1532 Atractus oculo-temporal is Amaral, Bull. Antivenin Inst. Amer., Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia.

Distribution:

5'

^1 •

Type-locality:

Jerico,

Known only from type locality.

ATRACTUS PAMPLONENSIS Amaral 1537 Atractus pamplonensis Amaral, Compte Rendu 12th Congress Internat. Zool., Lisbon, Vol. Pamplona, Departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia. fig. 2. Type-locality:

Distribution:

3=

1763>

Departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia.

ATRACTUS PAUCIDENS Despax 1510 Atractus ( Atractops is ) paucidens Despax, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, I6: Santo Domingo de los Colorados, Provincia Pichincha, Ecuador. Savage, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 112: 62. I56O Atractus pauc dens

Type-locality:

—

i

Distribution:

372.

Northwestern Ecuador

in

tropical rain forest.

ATRACTUS PAUCISCUTATUS Schmidt and Walker Type1543 Atractus pauc scuta tus Schmidt and Walker, Zool. Ser. Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus., 24: 326. Carpapata, upper Chanchamayo Valley, northeast of Tarma, Departamento de Junin, Peru. locality: i

Distribution:

Known only from type locality.

ATRACTUS PERUVIANUS (Jan) Type-locality: 1862 R.[ abdosoma] peruvianum Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., 2: 12. Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 2: 3''5I854 Atractus peruv ianus

Peru.

—

Distribution:

Known only from type specimen.

ATRACTUS PUNCTIVENTRIS Amaral 19?^ Atractus punct ven tr is Amaral, Mem. Intendencia de Meta, Colombia. i

Distribution:

Inst.

Butantan,

7

(1932):

117'

Type-locality:

V

illav icenc

i

Known only from type locality.

ATRACTUS RESPLENDENS Werner 1901 Atractus torqua tus var. resplendens Werner, Ver. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 'jl: Ecuador. i960 Atractus resplendens Savage, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 112: 64.

59^-

Type-locality:

—

Distribution:

Amazonian slopes of Ecuador.

ATRACTUS RETICULATUS (Boulenger) Type-locality: Geophis reticulatus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) I6: 87. Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 2: 3II, pi. I5, fig. 3. I894 Atractus ret icula tus lea's

—

Distribution: Content:

Paraguay and southern Brazil.

Two subspecies.

Sao Lourenjo,

0,

s

34

ATRACTUS Clave de subespecies

Key to the subspecies ret iculatus paragua yens s

Two postoculars One postoculai

1.

1.

i

ret iculatus paraguayens s

Dos postoculares Un postoculai

i

Atractus ret iculatus ret iculatus (Boulenger) 1925 Atractus reticulatus reticulatus

— Amaral,

Mem.

Butantan,

Inst.

i:

27.

Southern Brazil.

Distribution:

Atractus ret iculatus paraguayens

i

s

Werner

Werner. Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1924 Atractus paraguayens Paraguay. 1525 Atractus ret iculatus paraguayens is Amaral, Mem. Inst. i

—

I33 (l):

Butantan,

Type-locality:

40. 4:

2],

Paraguay.

Distribution:

ATRACTUS RIVEROI Roze Roze, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 1561 Atractus r vero Federal Amazonas, Venezuela, 1800 m. i

Distribution:

i

3:

114.

Type-locality:

Cerro Duida, Territorio

Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela.

ATRACTUS ROULEI Despax Type-locality: ISIO Atractus Roulei Despax. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 16: 3702350 m. 1960 Atractus roule —Savage. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 112: 67.

Alausi, Ecuador,

i

Distribution:

Western slopes

in

southwestern Ecuador, 1200-1600 m.

ATRACTUS SANCTAEMARTAE Dunn 1346 Atractus sanctaemartae Dunn, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 4^3: Sebastian, Departamento de Magdalena, Colombia.

Distribution:

2.

Type-locality:

San

Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.

ATRACTUS SANGUINEUS Prado Type-locality: 1944 Atractus sanqu neus Prado, Ciencia (Mexico), 5' 111> 'fig- 2. Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. 1945 Atractus sangu ineus Prado, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 18 (1944-45): 110, fig. i

Yarumal,

—

Distribution:

Known only from type locality.

ATRACTUS SERRANUS Amaral 193''

Atractus serranus Amaral, Bull. Antivenin Inst. Amer. Paranap iacaba , Estado do S3o Paulo, Brazil.

Distribution:

,

4:

65.

Type-locality:

Serra de

Estado do Sao Paulo, Brazil.

ATRACTUS STEYERMARKI Roze Roze, Acta Biol. 1958 Atractus steyermark de Bolivar, Venezuela. i

Distribution;

Venezuelica,

2:

Savannas of Estado de Bolivar, Venezuela.

301«

Type-locality:

Chimanta Tepui, Estado

35

ATRACTUS ATRACTUS SUBBICINCTUM (jan) Rabdosoma badium j subb French Gu iana. i960 [ Atractus ] subb c nctum 1862

ic

i

nctum Jan, Arch.

Fis.,

Zool. Anat.

2:

Type-locality:

14.

Surinam and

I

i

i

— Savage.

Misc.

Publ.

Mus.

Mich., 112:

Univ.

Zool.

83.

Known only from type material.

Distribution:

This taxon was not mentioned in the literature until Savage, loc. cit., included it in his Comment: No author discussing A, bad us has indicated that list of the nominal species of Atractus subspecies are recognized, so it would appear to be necessary to list the taxon here as a species, although it has never been so defined in the literature. .

i

ATRACTUS TAENIATUS Griffin 1516 Atractus taen ia tus Griffin, Mem. Carnegie Mus., Sierra, Departamento de Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

7

(l915)=

Santa Cruz de la

Type-locality:

173'

Known only from type locality.

Distribution:

ATRACTUS TORgUATUS (Oumlril, Bibron and Oumlrll) Santa Cruz de la Sierra, I854 Rabdosoma torqua turn Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. Gen., "J: 101. Departamento de Santa Cruz, Bolivia. 1862 R.[ abdosomaj var ium Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., 2: 18. "Santa Cruz", without Type-locality: country. 1894 Atractus torquatus Boulenqer. Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 2: 3O9.

—

Amazonian Colombia and Bolivia; Amazonas, Brazil.

Distribution:

ATRACTUS TRIL INEATUS Wagler 1828 Atractus tr q

i

i

1

i

neatus Wagler,

isis von Oken,

21:

1^2, pi.

10,

figs.

1-4.

Type-locality:

None

ven.

1862 R.[ abdosomaj tr v rqa turn Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., 2: 1862 Rabdosoma puncta tov tta turn Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., i

i

i

Distribution:

I7. 2:

I7.

Type-locality: Unknown. Type-locality: Antilles.

Trinidad, Guianas, eastern Venezuela.

ATRACTUS TRIVITTATUS Amaral iqS^ Atractus trivittatus Amaral. Mem. Inst. Butantan, Departamento de Santander, Colombia.

Distribution:

7

(1932):

118.

Type-locality:

Chita,

Known only from type locality.

ATRACTUS UNIVITTATUS (jan) 1862 R. abdosoma un v tta turn Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., [ J Federal, Venezuela. Roze, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 3: 1961 Atractus univittatus i

i

—

Distribution:

Cordillera de

la

2:

I5.

Type-locality:

Caracas, DIstrito

II7.

Costa, Venezuela.

ATRACTUS VARIEGATUS Prado 1942 Atractus varieqatus Prado, Mem. Inst. Departamento de Boyaca, Colombia.

Distribution:

Butantan, I5 (l94l): 379, fig.

Known only from type locality.

Type-locality:

La Uvita,

36

ATRACTUS ATRACTUS VENTRIMACULATUS Boulenger ISOS Atractus ventr imaculatus Boulenqer. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 15= *55' Estado de Merida, and Fuqueros (Estado desconoc do), Venezuela.

Type-locality:

Merida,

i

Known only from type material.

Distribution:

ATRACTUS VERTEBRAL

IS

Boulenger

1504 Atractus vertebral is Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 13= *51Cordillera de Carabaya, Departamento de Puno, Peru, 6000 ft.

Distribution:

Type-locality:

Santo Domingo,

Known only from type locality.

ATRACTUS VERTEBROLINEATUS Prado Mem. Inst. Butantan, 14 {154O): Departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia.

1541 Atractus vertebrol nea tus Prado,

25,

i

Distribution:

fig.

Type-locality:

Ocaria,

Known only from type locality.

ATRACTUS WAGLERI Prado Type-locality; 15*5 atractus wagler Prado, Ciencia (Mexico), 6: 61, fig. 1. Boyaca, Colombia. iqA'i Atractus wagler —Prado. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 18 (1544-45): 110, fig. i

Humbo, Departamento de

i

Distribution:

ATRACTUS WERNER

I

Known only from type locality.

Peracca

1914 Atractus Werner

Peracca, Mem. Soc. Neuchatel Sci. Nat., 5' 102. Viota, Type-locality: Departamento de Cundi namarca, Colombia, I83O m. Region Type-locality: 1540 Atractus long Imaculatus Prado, Mem. Inst. Butantan, I3 (l939)' 17> ^'9- 3of Quindio, Colombia; in error for Pacho, Departamento de Cund namarca, Colombia, according to E. R. Dunn, Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cien. Exactas Fis. Nat., 6, 19**, 77' Choconta, Type-locality: 1940 Atractus colomb ianus Prado, Mem. Inst. Butantan, I3 (l939)' 1^> fig- 5Departamento de Cund namarca, Colombia. i

i

I

Distribution:

Highlands of Colombia.

2

f

i

i

37

"^ "^

REPTILlA: SERPENTES: BOIDAE

BOA

BOA L nnaeus I

Type-species: Boa Constrictor Linnaeus 1758 Boa Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 214. Type-species: Constrictor formos iss imus Laurenti. 1768 Constrictor Laurentl, Synopsin Reptilium: 106.

Distribution: Mexico to Argentina; Antilles. Content:

One species.

BOA CONSTRICTOR Linnaeus

Type-locality: India (in error). I7S8 Boa Constrictor Linnaeus. Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 215. 1768 Constr ictor rex serpentum Laurenti (unavailable because not binomial), Synopsin Reptilium: Type-locality: Madagascar; Java. 107. Type-locality: America. 1768 Constr ctor auspex Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: 108. Boa J constrictrix Schneider (unjustified emendation of constr ictor Linnaeus), Hist. Amphib., 1801 i

2:

I

247.

Distribution: Content: 1 im

i

Mexico to Argentina; Antilles.

Eight subspecies,

two of which

(

nebulosus Lazell and orophias Linnaeus) are extra-

tal.

Clave de subespecies

Key to the subspecies

—

1.

Conspicuous dorsal pattern always present-2 Dorsal pattern pale or dark, but always inconspicuous or even absent 5

1.

Diseno dorsal conspTcuo siempre presente Diseno dorsal palido u oscuro, pero siempre inconspicuo o ausente 5

2.

Longitudinal middorsal band on head without lateral projections 3 Longitudinal middorsal band on head sends imperator lateral projections to eyes

2.

Una banda longitudinal supracefal ica sin

Dorsal pattern of yellow spots bordered by black rings which are connected to each

3»

3.

proyecciones laterales

4

othei

Black rings around yellow dorsal spots not occ idental s in contact with each othei

i

More than 21 saddle-shaped dorsal spots; amaral ventrals 226-237 Fewer than 20 rounded dorsal spots; 234-250 constrictor ventrals

4.

orton saboqae

5'

i

5.

Dorsal color pale, light, sandy Dorsal color dark reddish brown

i

i

Diseno dorsal de manchas amarillas rodeadas i por anillos negros conectados entre s Diseno dorsal de manchas amarillas roaeadas por anillos negros independ entes entre occ idental s s' i

i

4.

3

Una banda longitudinal supracefal ica emite imperator proyecciones hacia los ojos

Manchas dorsales en forma de silla de montar, con prolongacion anterior y posterior, en numero de 22 o mas; ventrales amaral 226-237 Manchas dorsales rodeadas, sin prolongaciones, en numero menor de 20; ventrales constrictor 234-250 i

Color dorsal arenoso, palido, claro- orton saboqae Color dorsal pardo rojizo oscuro i

i

Boa constr ictor constr ctor Linnaeus i

Type-locality; America. 1768 Constr Ictor formos Iss mus Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: IO7. Type-locality: Mexico and Peru. 1768 Constrictor di vi n loquus Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: 108. 1560 Boa constr ctor constr ictor Forcart, Herpetolog ica, ]: 199I

i

—

i

Distribution: Amazonian South America to Argentina and Paraguay; Trinidad; Tobago.

Boa constrictor amaral

(Stull)

1932 Constrictor constrictor amaral Stull, Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., locality: SSo Paulo, Brazil. Forcart, Herpetolog ica, 7* 199* 1951 Boa constrictor amarali

—

Distribution:

Southern and southwestern Brazilj southeastern Bolivia.

8:

27.

Type-

— 38

BOA

6oa constr ictor impera tor Daudin

Type-locality: Mexico; restricted to Cordoba, I8O3 Boa imperator Daudin. Hist. Nat. Rept., 5= 150. Veracruz, Mexico, by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc . Bull., 33j 1950> 350> also restricted to Choco of Colombia by flunn and Saxe, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 102, 1550> I6I, in a rather offhand fashion. Type-locality: Paita, 1842 Boa eques Eydoux and Souleyet, Voyage La Bonite, Zoology, 1: 144. original citation not verified by usj. Peru Tyoe-local ty: Mexico. I863 Boa d vin iloquax var. mex icana Jan, Elenco Sistema Of idi: 23. Type-locality: 1883 Boa constrictor var. isthm ica Carman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 8 (3): 9» Given as Central America; further specified, from the syntypes, as Bas Obispo, Panama, and Turbo, Colombia, by Barbour and Loveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, I929, 22/. Type-locality: 194^ Constrictor constrictor siqma Smith. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 93: 411. Mar'a Madre Island, Tres Mar'as, Mexico. Forcart. Herpetolog ica, 7: I99. 1951 Boa constrictor imperatoi i

I

i

i

Mexico to northwestern South America, west of Andes,

Distribution:

in

Colombia, Ecuador, and

Peru.

Boa constr ictor occ dental s Ph i

i

i

1

i

pp

i

Type-locality: 187? Boa occidentalis Philippi Zeitsch. Gesammte Na turw ss. , 41: 128, pi. 3. Argentina; indicated as Provincias de Mendoza and San Juan, Argentina, by Stimson, Das Tierreich, 89, I969, 3. Forcart, Herpetolog ica, f: 1991951 Boa constrictor occ idental is i

—

Argentina and Paraguay.

Distribution:

Boa constr ictor orton

i

i

Cope

Type-locality: Chilete, near Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, I7 (I877): 35. I878 Boa ortoni Pacasmayo, Peru, 3^00 ft. Stimson, Das Tierreich, 89, 1969> ^' 1951 Boa constr ictor orton i

i

Distribution:

i

—

Northwestern Peru.

Boa constr ctor sabogae (Barbour) i

I9O6 Epicrates saboqae Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46: 226. Panama, which is now spelled Taboga Island. 1951 Boa constrictor sabooae Forcart , Herpetolog ica, 7: I99.

—

Distribution; Taboga

Island,

Panama.

Type-locality: Saboga

Island,

39

***

REPTILlA: SERPENTES: VIPER IDAE

BOTHROPS

BOTHROPS Wagler

Type-species: Coluber lanceolatus Lacepede. 1824 Bothrops Wagler, in Spix, Sp. Nov. Serp. Bras.: 'jO. Type-species: Bothriechis niqroviridis 1855 Botlir lech is Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1855= 2/8. Peters. Type-species: Tr qonocephalus 1860 Teleuraspis Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 1855' 338. schleqel Berthold. Type-species: Thamnocenchr s aurifer 1860 Thamnocenchr is Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860: 455. Salv n. Type-species: Bothr iops is 1861 Bothr ioDS is Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I86I: 359' quadr scutatus Peters. Type-species: Tr qonocephalus I87I Porth id um Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., I87I: 2O7. lansberg Schlegel. Type-species: Rh noceroph is nasus Carman. 1881 Rh noceroph s Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 8: 85. Type-species: At ropos undulatus Jan. I887 Ophryacus Cope, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., J2: 88. Type-species: Thana toph s torvus I885 Thanatoph s Posada-Arango, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 14: 3^3' Posada-Arango. i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

Distribution: Mexico; Central America; almost all of South America except southernmost parts, Lesser Antilles as far north as Martinique. Content: 59 species, of which 5I ^'"e found within limits set for this work, following the most recent list of species by Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32, I565 (1966), IO5. Matrix for

identification of species

Matriz para

ident f icac on dc especies i

i

40

BOTHROPS

41

A2

BOTHROPS

.

43

BOTHROPS

BOTHROPS ALBOCARINATUS Shreve 153* Bothrops a lbocar nata Shreve, Occ. Pap. Pastaza, from Canelos to R'o Maranon, i

Distribution:

R'o Pastaza drainage,

Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Ecuador.

8;

I3O.

Type-locality:

R'o

Ecuador.

BOTHROPS ALTERNATUS Dumlril, Bibron and Dumeril I854 Bothrops al terna tus Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. Gen., 7: 1512, pi. 82 bis, figs. 1-la. Type-locality: Paraguay and South America. naequal s MagalhSes, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 18: 153» pls. 7"12. Type-locality: 1525 Laches s Vila de Sao Lourenjo, Lago a Dos Patos, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. i

i

i

Distribution:

Northern Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and southeastern Brazil.

BOTHROPS ALTICOLUS Parker 1534 Bothrops alt icola Parker, Ann. Mag. Loja, Ecuador, 5200 ft.

Distribution:

Nat.

Hist.,

(lO) 14:

272.

Type-locality:

Five km east of

Known only from type locality.

I873 Bothrops ammodyto des Leybold, Escursion a las Pampas Arjentinas; Hojas de mi Diario: 80. Typelocality: Northern Argentina. 1881 Rh noceroph s nasus Carman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 8: 85. Type-locality: Puerto San Antonio, Argent na. I885 Bothrops patagon icus Mijller, Verb. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, ]: 697. Type-locality: Bah'a Blanca, Argent na. I855 Bothrops burme ister Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6: 365, pi. 4. Chilecito, Type-locality: La Rioja, Argentina. i

i

i

i

i

i

Distribution:

Provincia Tucuman to Provincia Chubut, Argentina.

BOTHROPS ANDIANUS Amaral 1923 Bothrops andiana Amaral. Proc. New England Zool. Club, Departamento Cuzco, Peru, 8000-10,000 ft.

Distribution:

8:

IO3.

Type-locality:

Machu Picchu,

Known only from Departamento Cuzco, Peru.

BOTHROPS ASPER (Garman) 188S Tr Qonocephalus asper Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 8: 124. Type-locality: Obispo, Darien, Panama 1885 Bothrops atrox septentr ional is Mu'Uer. Verb. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, ]: 655. Type-locality: None given; recorded as Costa Grande, Guatemala, by Stuart, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., i

122,

1963,

123. Hoge.

1966 Bothrops asper

—

Mem.

Inst.

Butantan, 32 (1965):

II3.

Distribution: Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico south on both Atlantic and Pacific slopes at lower elevations throughout Central America and Pacific slopes of Colombia and Ecuador.

i

44

BOTHROPS

BOTHROPS ATROX (Linnaeus) "Asia"; restricted to Type-locality: 1758 Coluber airox Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 222. Surinam, according to Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32, I965 (1566), II3. Type-locality: Rio Amazon, 1824 BothroDS furia Waqler. in Spix, Sp. Nov. Serp. Bras.: 52, pi. 20. Brazil? Demerara, Guyana. Type-locality: Gray, Zoological Miscellany: 47. 1842 BothroDS Sabini Demerara, Guyana. Type-locality: 1842 Bothrops subscutatus Gray. Zoological Miscellany: 47. Type-locality: Berbice; Demarara; Tropical 1849 Bothrops affinis Gray. Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus.; 7Amcr ica. Venezuelenz Briceno, Bol. Ministerio Salubr. Agr'c. Cria, Venezuela, 1534 B.r othroDs ] Neuvoiedi Type-locality: R'o de Oro region, Venezuela. 1 (15): 46. i

i

i

Distribution: Tropical forests of Guianas, Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia; also Misiones, Argentina.

BOTHROPS BARNETTI Parker Type-locality: Parl<er, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (u) 2: 447. 1938 Bothrops barnett Quebradas Honda and Perines, between Lobitos and Talara, northern Peru.

From mouths of

i

Distribution:

Coast of northern Peru.

BOTHROPS BICOLOR Bocourt

Type-locality: Forests of St. 1868 Bothrops bicolor Bocourt, Ann. Sc . Nat. Paris (5) 10: 202. Augustin, on western slope of Cordillera, Departamento de Solola, Guatemala, 6IO m. TypeMHller, Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, 6: 399, pi. 3, fig. A. I878 Bothrops ( Bothriechis ) Bernoull Volcan Atitlan, Guatemala. locality: i

i

Distribution:

i

Pacific foothills of Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico.

BOTHROPS BILINEATUS (Wied)

Type-locality: I825 C.[ ophias J bilineatus Wied, Beitrage zur Naturgesch ichte von Brasilien, 1; 483. Villa Vijoza, = Maroba, according to Hoge and Lancini, Publ. Oc. Mus. Cien. Nat. Caracas, Zool., 11, 1962, 17, on Rio Peruhype, Estado da Bah'a, Brazil. I854 Bothrops b il neatus Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. Gen., 7' 151^»

—

i

Distribution: Content:

Amazonian South America; an isolated Atlantic slope population

Brazil.

Two subspecies.

Key to the subspecies 1.

in

Clave de subespecies

Dorsum ground color green, with all scales of head and back heavily dark-spotted; no vertical dark bars on upper labials smaraqd nus Color not as above b il neatus i

i

Bothrops bill neatus

b

i

1

i

1.

Dorso coloreado en verde, todas las escamas de la cabeza y el dorso densamente manchadas de oscuro; sin barras verticales oscuras en las labiales super iores- smaragdinus Coloracion no como el anterior b 1 neatus i

i

neatus (Wied)

1869 Tr qonocephalus ( Bothrops arboreus Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 11: 157« Typelocality: Bah'a, Brazil. 1966 Bothrops bilineatus b 1 neatus Hoge. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32 (1965): 114, pi. 1, fig. )

i

i

—

Distribution: Equatorial forests of Venezuela and Guianas; Territorio Federal Amapa, Brazil; and isolated population in forests of Atlantic slope from Bah'a to Rio de Jane ro, Braz 1. i

i

1.

i

45

BOTHROPS

BothrODS bill neatus smaragd nus Hoge i

1966 Bothrops bil ineatus smaragd nus Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32 (1565): 11^, pi. 1, figs. 2a-b. Type-locality: Upper Rio Perus, Estado do Amazonas, Brazil. i

Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil; one specimen in Distribution: Universidad Central, Caracas, from Territorio Amazonas, Venezuela, fits description of this subspecies, according to Abdem Lancini.

BOTHROPS BRAZIL

Hoge

I

Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 25: I5, figs. 1-6 and 7b. 1553 Bothrops braz il on Rio Acara-Mirim, Estado do Para, Brazil.

Type-locality:

Tome Assu

Distribution: Probably throughout equatorial forests; known from Venezuela, Guianas, and Colombia, as well as Para, Amazonas, and extreme northern Mato Grosso, Brazil.

BOTHROPS CASTELNAUDI Dumeril, Bibron and Oumeril Not Type-locality: I854 Bothrops Castelnaudi Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. Gen., 7: I5II. designated; Guichenot, in Castelnau, Expedition dans les Parties Centrales de I'Amerique du Sud, Reptiles, 1855> 76, gave type locality as "Province du Goyaz", now Estado de Goias, Brazil. Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril (in error for castelnaud Dumeril, Bibron and I854 Atropos Castelnaut Dumeril), Erp. Gen., J: 388. Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril), Proc. Acad. 1860 Bothr ech s Castelnau Cope ( in error for castelnaud Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860: 345. Type-locality: Quito, 1861 Bothr iops s quadr scutatus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I86I: 359' Ecuador; in error, according to Peters, Rev. Ecuat. Ent. Parasit., 2, 1955> 347I87I Bothr iops s castelnav Cope ( in error for castelnaud Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I87I: 2O9. Mountain; Type-locality: I885 Thanatoph s montanus Posada-Arango, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, I889: JH. of Antijpquia, Colombia, 2200 m. 1966 Bothrops quadr icar na tus Hoge (in error for quadr scutatus Peters), Mem. Inst. Butantan, J2 (1965): 118. i

i

i

— i

i

i

i

—

i

i

i

i

i

—

i

i

i

i

|_

I

Distribution:

Equatorial forests of Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.

BOTHROPS COLOMBIENSIS (HaUowell) 1845 Tr igonocephalus Colombiens s Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1845: 246. "Republic of Colombia, within two hundred miles of Caracas". 1966 Bothrops colombiensis Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, J2 (1965)' l64. i

Type-locality:

—

Distribution:

Northern Venezuela except altitudes above 25OO m.

BOTHROPS COTIARA (Gomes) 1913 Laches s Nucleo 1925 Bothrops 1959 Bothrops i

cot iara Gomes, Ann. Paulistas Med. Cirurg., 1: 65, pi. 8, figs. 1-6. Type-locality: Colonial Cruz Machado, Marechal Mallet, Estado do Parana, Brazil. cot iara Amaral, Contrib. Harvard Inst. Trop. Biol. Med., 2: 53' cot iara Hoge and Belluomini, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 28 (1957-1958): I96, figs. 3-8.

Distribution:

— —

Araucaria forests of Argentina and Brazil.

BOTHROPS ERYTHROMELAS Amaral 1923 Bothrops erythromelas Amaral, Proc. New England Zool. Club, Joazeiro, Estado da Bahia, Brazil.

Distribution:

Areas of Caatinga vegetation en Brazil.

8:

96.

Type-locality:

Near

46

BOTHROPS BOTHROPS FONSECAI Hoge and Belluomini 1555 Bothrops fonsecai Hoge and Belluomini, Mem, Inst. Butantan, 28 (1957-195B): I95, figs. Type-locality: Santo Antonio do Capivary, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

5.

Northeastern Sao Paulo, southern Rio de Janeiro and extreme southern Minas Gerais,

Distribution: Brazil.

BOTHROPS GOOMANI

l-J and

(Gunther)

Type-locality! 186s Bothriechis qodmanni Gunther. Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist., {3) 12: 364, pi. 6, fig. G. Ouenas and other parts of tableland of Guatemala. 1868 Bothrops Bramm ianus Bocourt, Ann. Sc . Nat. Paris, (5) 10: 201. Type-locality: San Lucas, Guatemala, 155^ m. I878 Bothrops ( Bothr ops s ) qodmann Muller, Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 6: 402, pi. 3> fig. B. 18B0 Bothriechis scut igera Fischer, Arch, fur Naturg., 46 (l): 218, pi. 8, figs. 8-9. Type-locality: Guatemala. I883 Bothr ech s tr ianqul gera Fischer, Ostei Programm Akad. Gymnasiums Hamburg, 1833' 1-3' Typelocality: Guatemala. i

i

i

i

i

i

—

—

i

Distribution:

Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico to Panama at moderate to high elevations.

BOTHROPS HYOPRORUS Amaral 1935 Bothrops hyoprora Amaral, Mem. Colomb ia.

Distribution:

BOTHROPS

Inst.

Butantan,

9=

222, figs.

]-S-

Type-locality:

Equatorial forests of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and western Brazil.

IGLESIASI Amaral

gles ias Amaral, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 8: 971923 Bothrops Type-locality: Grande on right bank of Rio Gurgueia, Estado do Piau', Brazil. i

i

Distribution:

BOTHROPS

La Pedrera,

Near Fazenda

Known only from northern Piauf, Brazil.

INSULARIS (Amaral)

1921 Lachesis

insularis Amaral. Anex. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 1; 18, pis. Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil. nsular s Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 4: 114.

'^-i,

figs.

I-5.

Type-locality:

Isla Queimada Grande,

1929 Bothrops

i

—

i

Distribution:

Queimada Grande

Island, Brazil.

BOTHROPS ITAPETININGAE (Boulenger) 1907 Lachesis tapet 1929 Bothrops I

i

i

n i

Distribution:

tapet

n nqae Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 20: Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil. tapet ni nqae Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 4: 235. i

i

nga,

i

i

338.

Type-locality:

—

Southeastern Brazil.

BOTHROPS JARARACA (Wied) 1824 Cophias ja jaraca Wied (later emended to jararaca ). Is is von Oken, I5: IIO3. Type-locality: None mentioned; later given as Mucur', Lagoa d'Arara, Brazil, by Wied, Beitrage zur Naturgesch ichte von Brasilien, 1, 1825, 481. 1824 Bothrops Meqaera Wagler (preoccupied by Bothrops meqaera Shaw, 1802), in Spix, Sp. Nov. Serp. Bras.: 50, pi. I9. Type-locality: Bah'a, Brazil.

[

.

I

47

BOTHROPS

BOTHROPS JARARACA (Wled), continued Type-locality: 1824 Bothrops leucost qma Waqler, in Spix, Sp. Mov. Serp. Bras.: 53> pl- 21, fig. 1. Bah'a, Brazil. Type-locality: 1824 Bothrops tessellatus Waqler. in Spix, Sp. Nov. Serp. Bras.: 54, pi. 21, fig. 2. Rio San Francisco, Brazil. Type-locality: 1824 Bothrops taeniatus Waqler. in Spix, Sp. Nov. Serp. Bras.: 55, pi. 21, fig. 3. Rio Amazonas, Brazil. Type-locality: 1825 Cj" ophias ] Jararakka Wied. Beitrage zur Naturgesch chte von Brasilien, 1: 47O. T\lot mentioned. I74. 18^0 [ Bothrops ] Jararaca Waqler. Nat. Syst. Amph. 1925 Bothrops iararaca Amaral . Cont. Harvard Inst. Trop. Biol. Med., 2: 42; pi. 2; pi. 4, figs. 2-2'; pl. 6A, figs. 2-2'; pi. 7, figs. 2-2'. i

i

—

Distribution:

—

:

Brazil from central Minas Gerais south; Paraguay; Misiones, Argentina.

BOTHROPS JARARACUSSU Lacerda Type-locality; jararacussu Lacerda, Lejons sur le Venin des Serpents du Bresil: 8. Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1925 Bothrops jararacussu Amaral, Cont. Harvard Inst. Trop. Biol. Med., 2: 43, pl. J; pl. 4, figs.

1884 Bothrops

—

3-3';

pl.

figs.

6A,

3-3';

pl.

7,

Distribution: Northeastern Argentina southern Minas Gerais southward.

BOTHROPS LANSBERGI

3-3'-

figs. in

Misiones, southern Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil from

(Schlegel) Schleqel, Mag. Zool. Rept., (I-3)) pl-

1841 Tr iqonocephalus lansberqii

Colomb ia 1860 T.[ eleurasp

var. brachystoma Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc is] Castelnau Unknown. focal ty: Jan. Elenco Sist. Ofidi: 12/. othrops ] Lansberqi I889 Thanatophis sutus Posada Arango, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, I885: 3^^' Colomb a. i

Type-locality:

!•

i

.

Turbaco,

Phila., 1859= 335-

Type-

—

i

Type-locality:

Zea,

i

Distribution:

Discontinuous; Caribbean Venezuela and Colombia; Honduras.

Three subspecies.

Content:

indicated with which subspecies should be associated the synonyms

Comment: No recent author has here 1 sted. i

Key to the subspecies 1.

2.

Clave de subespecies

Ventrals more than 146 Ventrals menos de 146

2

roze

Snout raised sharply upward Snout not at all turned up

Bothrops lansberq

i

i

lansberq

i

1959 B. othrops ] l.[ ansberq

Distribution:

i

2.

Ventrales mas de 146 Ventrales menos de 146

2

roze

i

j

lansberq

i

i

— Roze,

i

Hocico levantado bruscamente hacia arriba-lansbero Hocico no levantado hacia arriba annectens

—

(Schlegel)

i

i

lansberq front -annectens i

in

1.

i

Amer.

Mus.

Novitates, 193*=

Arid and semi-arid regions of Caribbean coast

in

Colombia.

H-

i

i

48

BOTHROPS

BothroDs lansberg

i

annectens (Schmidt)

i

annectens Schmidt, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 45: 1536 Tr imeresurus lansberg Subirana Valley, Yoro, Honduras, 2800 ft. locality: 1566 Bothrops lansberqii annectens Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32 {l955)= 123i

'j)0.

i

Type-

—

Honduras.

Distribution:

BothroDS lansberg

i

Peters

rozei

i

venezuelens s Roze (preoccupied by Bothrops venezuelens s Sandner), 1555 Bothrops lansberg Caripito, Monagas, Venezuela, 50Type-locality: Amer. Mus. Novitates, 153*= HPeters (replacement name for Bothrops venezuelens is Roze), Proc. roze 1568 Bothrops lansberg Biol. Soc. Washington, 81: 320. i

i

i

i

i

i

i

Northern Venezuela.

Distribution:

BOTHROPS LATERALIS (Peters) Type-locality: 1863 Bothriechis lateralis Peters. Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1862: 674. and Volcan Barba, Costa Rica. I878 Bothrops ( Bothriechis ) lateral is Muller. Verb. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 6: 401. Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc . Bull., 3*' 175' 1951 Bothrops lateralis

—

—

Distribution:

Veragua

i

Costa Rica and Panama.

BOTHROPS LICHENOSUS Roze 1958 Bothrops 1 ichenosa Roze, Acta. Biol. Venezuelica, Tepui, Estado Bol'var, Venezuela.

Distribution:

3O8,

2:

three figs.

Type-locality:

Chimanta

Known only from type locality.

BOTHROPS LOJANUS Parker 1930 Bothrops lo jana Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Loja, Ecuador, 2200 m.

Distribution;

i^^

5

'•

568.

Type-locality;

Loja, Provincia de

Known only from vicinity of type locality.

BOTHROPS MARAJOENSIS Hoge 1966 Bothrops mara joens is Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32 (1965): Island, Estado do Para, Brazil.

Distribution:

I23.

Type-locality;

Severino, Mara jo

Known only from savannah of Marajo, Brazil.

BOTHROPS MEDUSA (Sternfeld) 1920 Lachesis medusa Sternfeld, Senckenberg iana, 2: Venezuela. Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 1929 Bothrops medusa

—

Distribution: Venezuela.

Cordillera de

la

180, figs. 4:

1-2.

Type-locality:

Caracas,

236.

Costa, Distrito Federal and Estados de Aragua and Carabubo,

49

BOTHROPS

BOTHROPS MICROPHTHALMUS Cope I876 Bothrops microphthalmus Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8(1875): Between Balso Puerto and Moyabamba, Peru.

Distribution:

Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; Pacific slopes of Colombia.

Clave de subespecies

Key to the subspecies

Ventrals more than 16$; scale rows 25 or colomb ianus or more Ventrals fewer than l65; scale rows fewer m icrophthalmus than 25

Bothrops

Type-locality:

Two subspecies.

Content:

1.

182.

m

1.

Ventrales mas de l65i hileras de escamas colomb ianus 25 o mas Ventrales menos de 165; hileras de escamas m icrophthalmus menos de 25

icrophthalmus m icrophthalmus Cope

Type-locality: 1512 Lachesis pleuroxanthus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (b) 10: 423. Alpayaca, R'o Pastaza, eastern Ecuador, 36OO ft. Rendahl and Vestergren (by inference), Ark. 1540 [ Bothrops m icrophthalmus m icrophthalmus J for Zool., 33A: 15,

—

Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador, Peru, and one locality

Distribution:

in

Bolivia.

Bothrops m icrophthalmus colomb ianus Rendahl and Vestergren 1540 Bothrops m icrophthalmus colomb ianus Rendahl and Vestergren, Ark. for Zool., 33*' 15' Type-locality: La Costa, Cauca, Colombia. Pacific slope of Colombia.

Distribution:

BOTHROPS MOOJENI Hoge 1966 Bothrops moo jen Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32 (1965): 126, pi. Bras'lia, Distrito Federal, Brazil. i

Distribution:

4;

pi.

5,

fig.

2.

Type-locality:

Known only from type locality.

BOTHROPS NASUTUS Bocourt Panzos, on banks of 1868 Bothrops nasutus Bocourt, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris (5) 10: 202. Type-locality: Rl'o Polochic, Guatemala. I876 Bothriopsis proboscideus Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8 (I875): I5O, pi. 27, fig. 3. Type-locality: Sipurio, Costa Rica.

Distribution; Ecuador.

Vera Cruz, Mexico, south on east coast of Central America to Pacific Colombia and

BOTHROPS NEUWIEDI Wagler 1824 Bothrops neuwiedi Wagler. Estado da Bah'a, Brazil.

In

Spix, Sp.

Nov.

Serp.

Bras.:

56,

pl-

22,

fig.

1.

Type-locality;

1824 Bothrops leucurus Waaler, Bah ia, Braz 1.

in

Spix, Sp.

Nov.

Serp.

Bras.:

57>

pl-

22,

fig.

2,

Type-locality;

i

Distribution:

East of Andes and north of 10°S

in

South America.

Content: Twelve subspecies.

Comment; We have not been able to devise a satisfactory key to the subspecies, and the user will have to consult the original descriptions of the taxa to make an Identification.

50

BOTHROPS Bothrops neuw led

neuw ed i

i

1525 Bothrops neuw iedi

Wagler

i

neuwiedi

i

— Amaral,

i

Contr. Harvard

Inst.

Trop.

Biol.

Med.,

2:

57*

Southern Bahia, Brazil.

Distribution:

Bothrops neuw edi

bol

i

vianus Amaral

i

Typebol viana Amaral, Bull. Antivenin Inst. America, 1: 6, fig. 2. 1527 Bothrops neuwiedi Buenavista, Provincia del Sara, Departamento Santa Cruz de la Sierra, locality: i

Bol

i

i

V ia.

Departamento Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia; extreme western part of Distribution! Estado de Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Bothrops neuw ed i

i

d

i

porus Cope

Vermejo Type-locality: 1862 Bothrops diporus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 14: 347. River region; given as region of R'o Vermejo, on boundary of Paraguay and Argentina, by Cochran, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 220, I96I, I5I. mer id onal is mer d onal s Amaral (preoccupied by Bothrops neuw edi 1530 Bothrops neuw ed Type-locality: Muller), Bull. Antivenin Inst. America, 4 (3): 66, fig. 1. Embarcacion, Salta, Argentina. Cochran. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 220: I5I. d porus 1561 Bothrops neuwiedi i

i

i

i

i

i

Distribution!

i

i

i

i

i

—

i

Central and northern Argent na, southern Paraguay and Estado do Parana, i

Braz 1. i

Bothrops neuw ed i

i

goyazens

1525 Bothrops neuw ied 14,

fig.

Distribution:

Bothrops neuw ed i

1

i

Amaral

s

goyazens

i

pl'

3;

i

f'9»

15>

i

Amaral, Contr. Harvard Inst. Trop. Biol. Med., Ipamery, Goias, Brazil. Type-locality!

s

3-

2;

5^,

pl.

Known only from type locality.

lutz

(m randa-R be iro)

i

i

1

Type-locality: 1515 Laches s lutz M randa-R be ro. Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, I7: 4, pl. Rio Sao Francisco, Bah'a, Brazil. bah ens s Amaral, Contr. Harvard Inst. Trop. Biol. Med., 2: 57> pl- l** 1525 Bothrops neuw ed fig. 1, and pl. I5, fig. 1. Type-locality: Itiuba, Bah'a, Brazil. lutz Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 4: 238. 1529 Bothrops neuw ed i

Distribution:

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

1925 Bothrops neuw ed i

14,

Distribution!

—

Dry regions of Bah'a, Brazil.

Bothrops neuwi edi mattoqrossens

pl.

i

fig.

i

i

mattoqrossens pl.

6;

Amaral

is

16,

i

fig. 6.

s

Amaral, Contr. Harvard Inst. Trop. Biol. Med., 2: 60, Type-locality: Miranda, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Southern Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Bothrops neuw iedi mer

i

di

onal s Muller i

188S Bothrops atrox meridionalis Mijller, Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, "j: 699Type-locality: Andarai, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 193^ Bothrops neuwiedi fluminensis Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 7 (1932): 97, fig. 1. Typelocality: Easternmost section of Rio de Janeiro, near Cabo SSo Thome, Brazil. 1966 Bothrops neuwi di mer id ional s Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32 (1965): 128. i

i

Distribution!

Rio de Janeiro,

—

Guanabara and Espirito Santo, Brazil.

s

1

s

51

BOTHROPS

Bothrops neuw ed i

paranaens

i

1525 Bothrops neuw iedi fig.

14,

i

pauloens

i

1525 Bothrops neuw ed i

fig.

14,

i

p

i

Amaral

s

fig.

16,

i

p

i

pi.

2;

Amaral, Contr. Harvard Inst. Trop. Biol. Med., Type-locality: Leme, S3o Paulo, Brazil.

s

i

5.

2:

59>

pl'

s

i

Amaral

auhyens

i

fig.

15,

Amaral, Contr. Harvard Inst. Trop. Biol. Med., Fazenda Grande, Piau', Brazil. Type-locality:

s

i

2.

2:

pl-

58>

Piau', Pernambuco, Estado do Ceara and southern Maranhao, Brazil.

Distribution:

i

i

lauhyens i

fig.

Bothrops neuw ed

61, pi.

2:

Southern parts of Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil.

1525 Bothrops neuw ed 14,

Amaral, Contr. Harvard Inst. Trop. Biol. Med., Castro, Parana, Brazil. Type-locality.

s

i

f.

pauloens

i

i

pi.

5;

Distribution:

Bothrops neuw ed

fig.

16,

Estado do Parana, Brazil.

Distribution:

Bothrops neuw ed

Amaral

paranaens

i

pi.

7;

s

i

pubescens (Cope)

i

lypeI87O Tr qonocephalus ( Bothrops ) pubescens Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 11 (I865): 157Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. locality: Amaral, Contr. Harvard Inst. Trop. Biol. Med., 2: 6I, pi. r oqrandens 1525 Bothrops neuw ed do Sul, Brazil. Type-locality: Itaquy, Rio Grande 14, fig. 8; pi. 16, fig. 8. pubescens Hoqe . Mem. Inst. Butantan, 28 (1957-I558): 84. 1555 Bothrops neuwiedi i

i

1

i

i

1

—

1

Distribution:

Bothrops neuw ed i

i

Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Uruguay.

urutu Lacerda

Type-locality: 1884 Bothrops urutu Lacerda, Lee. Ven. Serp. Bresil: 11, pi. 3Minas Gerais, now Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil. urutu Amaral . Mem. Inst. Butantan, 10 (1536): 160. 1937 Bothrops neuwiedi

Provincia de

—

i

Southern Minas Gerais and northern Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Distribution:

BOTHROPS NIGROVIRIDIS (Peters) Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1859: 278, fig. 4. I859 Bothr ech s n qrovir id Type-locality: Volcan Barba, Costa Rica. Muller, Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 6: 401. I878 Bothrops ( Bothr ech s ) n qrov r d s I

i

1

i

Distribution: Content:

i

1

1

i

i

—

Chiapas, Mexico to Panama.

Three subspecies.

Key to the subspecies 1.

2.

Ventrals more than 1 5O Ventrals fewer than 1 5O

Clave de subespecies 2 n

i

qrov r i

i

d

i

1.

s

Dorsum uniform, scales with narrow black edges; no temporal streak '"archi Dorsum green with scattered yellow spots; aurifer black streak on temporal i

2.

Ventrales mas de I5O Ventrales menos de I5O

2 n

i

qrov

ir

i

d

i

s

Dorso uniforme, escamas con hordes negros angostos; sin estrfa temporal march Oorso verde con manchas amarillas dispersas; con estr'a negra en el temporal aurifer i

i

52

BOTHROPS Bothrops

n

igrovi rid is niqrovir idi s (Peters)

1929 Bothrops niqroviridis nigroviridis

— Barbour

and Lover dge, Bull. Antivenin Inst. America, i

1.

3:

Costa Rica to Panama.

Distribution;

Bothrops nigroviridis aur ifer (Salvin) TypeI860 Thamnocenchris aurifer Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I860: 459, Pl- 32, fig- !• Coban, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. locality: Muller, Verb. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 6: AOl. 18/8 Bothrops aurifer Barbourand Loveridge, Bull. Antivenin Inst. America, 3' !• 1529 Bothrops n grov ir id s aur if era

—

Caribbean slope from Chiapas, Mexico to Guatemala.

Distribution:

Bothrops

n

i

grov

ir id

1929 Bothrops fig.

—

i

i

n

1.

i

i

s

march

i

i

Barbour and Loveridge

Barbour and Loveridge, Bull. Antivenin Inst. America, grov ir id s march Quimistan, Santa Barbara, Honduras. Type-locality: i

i

i

'}:

2,

Vicinity of type locality.

Distribution:

Although not listed by Hoge as a valid subspecies of n grov r d s by Hoge, Mem. Butantan, 32, 1965 (1966), I29, neither is it given as a synonym of any other taxon. Since it apparently has not been synonymized with any existing taxon, we list it here.

Comment:

i

i

i

i

Inst.

BOTHROPS NUMMIFER (Ruppell) Mexico; Type-locality: 1845 Atropos nummifer Ruppell. Verb. Mus. Senckenberg, 3" 313* Teapa. Tabasco, Mexico, by Burger, Bull. Chicago Acad. Sc . , 9i ^35^> 65. to othrops j nummifer Jan, Elenco Sist. Of idi: 126.

restricted

i

—

Distribution; Content:

Southeastern edge of Mexican Plateau

in

San Luis Potos' and Oaxaca to Costa Rica.

Three subspecies, one of which (the nominate subspecies)

ex tral im

i

tal.

Clave de subespecies

Key to the subspecies 1.

is

Lateral spots vertically elongate and many mex icanus fused with dorsal blotches Lateral spots rounded, very few fused with occ duus dorsal blotches i

1.

Manchas laterales alargadas vert icalmente y muchas fusionadas con los bloques mex icanus dorsales Manchas laterales redondeadas, muy pocas -fusionadas con los bloques dorsales occ iduus

Bothrops numm ifer mex icanus (Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril) I854 Atropos Mex icanus Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. Gen., ] (part 2): 1521, pi. 83 bis, Type-locality; Coban, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. figs. 1-2. 1880 Bothr iech s nummifer var. notata Fischer, Arch, fur Naturg., 46: 222, pi. 8, figs. 10-12. Coban, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. Type locality: 1882 Bothrops mex icanus Muller, Verb. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, /• 15*1952 Bothrops nummifer mexicanus Mertens, Abh. Senckenberg Naturforsch. Ges., 487: 79i

—

Distribution:

—

Lower elevations on Caribbean slope from extreme southern Mexico to Panama.

53

BOTHROPS

Bothrops nummifer occiduus Hoge 1868 Bothrops af f n s Bocourt (preoccupied by Bothrops af f n s Gray, 1849), San Augustin, on south slope of Type-locality: Paris, {5) 10: 201. in Guatemala, 6IO m. 196^ Bothrops nummifer affinis Stuart. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 1566 Bothrops numm f er occ duus Hoge (replacement name for Bothrops affinis Inst. Butantan, 32 (1965): I3O. i

i

i

i

—

i

i

Pacific slope, Guatemala to El Salvador; possibly

Distribution:

in

Ann. Sc

i

.

Nat.

mountains, 122:

I3O.

Bocourt), Mem.

Chiapas, Mexico.

BOTHROPS OLIGOLEPIS (Werner)

Type-locality; I9CI Lachesis bilineatus var. ol iqolepi s Werner. Abh. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 9 (2): I3. Bol V ia. Huancabamba, Type-locality: 1912 Lachesis chloromelas Boulenqer. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (s) 10: 423. eastern Peru, above 3OOO ft. 1926 Bothrops chrysomelas Amaral (in error for chloromelas Boulenger), Ann. Carnegie Mus., I6: 3^0. i

Distribution:

Peru and Bolivia.

BOTHROPS OPHRYOMEGAS Bocourt Type-locality: 1868 Bothrops ophryomeoas Bocourt. Ann. Sc . Nat. Paris, (5) 10= 201. on western (actually southern) slope of Cordillera, Escuintla, Guatemala. i

Distribution:

Warm regions

Pacific slope of Central America from western Guatemala to Panama.

BOTHROPS PERUVIANUS (Boulenger) 1903 Lachesis peruvianus Boulenqer. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 12: Carabaya, southeastern Peru. 1929 Bothrops peruviana Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 4: 240.

35*-

Type-locality:

La Oroya and

—

Distribution:

BOTHROPS PESSOAI

Southeastern Peru.

Prado

Type-locality: Prado, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 12 (1938-I939): 2. 1939 Bothrops pessoa Estado do Amazonas, Brazil. Hoge, Bol. Mus. Paraense E. Goeldi, 10: 325' 1948 Tr imeresurus pessoa i

i

Distribution:

Rio Parauary,

—

Known only from type locality.

BOTHROPS PICADOI (Dunn) 1939 Tr imeresurus numm f er p icadoi Dunn, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 52: Palma, Costa Rica, 45OO ft. Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 18/: I83. 1945 Bothrops picadoi Taylor. Univ. Kansas Sc . Bull., 34: 180. 1951 Bothrops picadoi i

— —

Distribution:

l65.

Type-locality:

La

i

Central Plateau of Costa Rica and surrounding mountains.

BOTHROPS PICTUS (Tschudi) 1845 L.[ achesis ] picta Tschudi, Arch, fur Naturg., 11: I66 (fig. High mountains of Peru. locality: I863 B.[ othrops ] pictus Jan. Elenco Sist. Ofidi: 126.

—

Distribution:

Coastal region of Peru to 1800

m.

10

in

Fauna Peruana, I845).

Type-

.

I

s

i

54

BOTHROPS

BOTHROPS

PI

RAJA

I

Amaral

1523 Bothrops pirajai Amaral. Proc. New^England Zool. Club, Bah'a, Brazil. 1923 Bothrops neglecta Amaral, Proc. New England Zool. Club,

Distribution;

8: 8:

Type-locality:

55.

100.

Type-locality:

llheus,

Estado da Brazil.

Bah'a,

Known only from southern Bah'a, Brazil.

BOTHROPS PRADOI (Hoge)

Type-locality: Pau Gigante, 1948 Trimeresurus pradoi Hoge. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 20 (1547): I93. Estado do Espirito Santo, Brazil. Hoge. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32 (1965): I32, pi. 8. 1966 Bothrops pradoi

—

Distribution: Esp'rito Santo to southern Bahia, Brazil.

BOTHROPS PULCHER (Peters) Type-locality: 1862 Tr iqonocephalus pulcher Peters, Monats Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1862: 672. Ecuador; in error, according to Peters, Rev. Ecuat. Ent. Parasit., 2, 1555> 3*7' Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 4: 240. 1525 Bothrops pulchra

Quito,

—

Distribution:

Equatorial forests

in

Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador and Peru.

BOTHROPS PUNCTATUS (CarcTa)

TypeI856 Laches s punctata Garc'a, Los Of idios Venenosas de Cauca, Cali, Colombia: 31> fig. 8. Las Montanas de Oagua, Colombia. locality; Unknown; "America Peracca, An. Mus. Napoli, 3 (l2): 2. Type-locality: 1510 Laches s Mont icell trop icale". Cana, eastern Type-locality: 1523 Bothrops leptura Amaral, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 8: 102. Panama, 3OOO ft. Dunn, Caldasia, 3' 21$. 1944 Bothrops punctatus i

i

i

i

—

Distribution:

Darien of Panama to northwestern Ecuador.

BOTHROPS ROEDINGERI Mertens 1942 Bothrops roedi nqer Peru.

Distribution:

Mertens, Beitrage zur Fauna Perus, 11: 284.

i

Type-locality:

Hacienda Huayri,

Desert region. Pacific coast of Peru.

BOTHROPS SANCTAECRUCIS Hoge 1966 Bothrops sanctaecruci Hoge. Mem. Inst. Rio Secure, upper Rio Beni, Bolivia.

Distribution:

BOTHROPS SCHLEGELI

Butantan, 32 (1965):

133> pl»

9-

Type-locality:

Oromomo,

Amazonian lowlands of Bolivia.

(Berthold)

1846 Tr igonocephalus schlegel Berthold, Nachr. Univ. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen: I47. Type-locality: Popayan; indicated to be Popayan, Colombia by Dunn and Stuart, Copeia, 195*> 561859 Lachesis nitidus Gunther. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I859: 414, pi. 20, fig. C. Type-locality: Western Andes of Ecuador. 1863 B. [othrops ] Schlegeli Jan. Elenco Sist. Ofidi: I27. I87O Bothrops ( Teleurasp is ) n oroadspersus Ste ndachner, Sitz. Math.-Natur. CI. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 62: Type-locality: 348, pi. 8. Central America. 1889 Thanatophis torvus Posada Arango, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1889: 345. Type-locality: Antioquia, Colomb a 1951 Bothrops schlegel —Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc . Bull., 34: I73. 1966 Bothrops schleoell Hoge (in error for schlegel Berthold), Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32 (1965): I34. i

i

—

i

i

i

I

—

Distribution: Venezuela.

i

i

i

Southern Mexico to Pacific Ecuador; mountains of Urena, Estado de Tachira, Caribbean

[

i

55

BOTHROPS

BOTHROPS SUPRACILIARIS Taylor suprac il iar is Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc . Bull., J6: ]')! , fig. 391554 Bothrops schleqel Mountains near San Isidro del General, San Jose Province, Costa Rica. locality: 1963 [ Bothrops supraciliaris J— Stuart. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 122: I3I. i

i

i

Type-

Known only from type locality.

Distribution:

BOTHROPS VENEZUELENSIS Sandner Montilla Inst. Terap. Exp. Lab. "Veros" Ltda., 21 (5): s Sandner Montilla, Mon. Cien. Type-locality: "Boca de Tigre", Serran'a de El Avila, Distrito Federal al Norte de Caracas, Venezuela. Sandner Montilla and Romer, Nov. Cien. Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. La Salle, 1361 Bothrops p f ano Serran'a de el Avila, El Papelon, Venezuela. Type-locality: 29= 3> figs- 1-4. 1961 Bothrops venezuelae Sandner Montilla, Mon. Cien. Centr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. La Salle, Caracas, Zool., JO: 3« Type-locality: Serran'a de El Avila, Venezuela.

1952 Bothrops venezuelens

i

4.

i

i

Distribution: Northern and central part of Venezuela, including Avila Mountain, western mountains of los Tigres, forests of Rancho Grande and Fila Miranda, Estado de Aragua and forests of Guatopo, Estado Miranda; Estados Trujillo and Sucre.

BOTHROPS XANTHOGRAMMUS (Cope)

Type-locality: 1868 Tr qonocephalus xanthoqrammus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 1868: 110. Pallatanga, Ecuador. I889 Bothrops quadr scuta tus Posada Arango (preoccupied by quadr scutatus Peters, I86I), Bull. Soc. Zool. France, I889: 3^5* Type-locality: Antioquia, Colombia. Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 4: 241. 1929 Bothrops xanthoqramma 1966 Bothrops xantoqrammus Hoge ( in error for xanthoqrammus Cope), Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32 (l965)' i

i

i

i

— —

135-

Highlands of Ecuador; doubtful

Distribution:

in

Colombia.

INCERTAE SEDIS

Comment: The following taxa have not been included by Klemmer or Hoge in their recent lists of Neotropical Viperids. Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 3, I896, 535> included all in the synonymy of his composite species Laches s la nceola t us . a taxon now regarded as endemic to Martinique. These taxa are probably all synonymous with one of following: a trox . Jararaca . jararacussu . and some could take priority over the latter two. i

1788 Coluber amb guus Gmelin, Systema Naturae, Ed. 12: 1104. Type-locality: America Unknown. Type-locality: 1789 cT oluber T qr nus Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Serp., 2: 82. Type-locality: Brazil. 1789 C. oluber ] Brasil iensis Laclpede, Hist. Nat. Serp., 2: 98. 1802 V pera bras 1 n ana Latreille (emendation of bras 1 ens s Lacepede), Hist. Nat. Rept., 4; ]. Daudin (substitute name for Coluber amb guus Gmelin), Hist. Nat. Rept., 6: 60. 1803 V ipera We gel Type-locality: America. 1821 Coph ias holoser iceus Wied, Reise nach Brasilien, 2: 243. Type -local ity: None given. 1842 Bothrops c nereus Gray, Zoological Miscellany: 47. America. Type-locality: I863 B.|_ othrops J atrox var. d rus Jan, Elenco Sist. Ofidi: 126. Type-locality: Buenos Aires, Mexico, and Orizaba; restricted to Buenos Aires, Argentina, by Smith and Taylor, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. I87, 1945, 180. i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

56

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

"^

^

CALAMODONTOPHIS

CALAMODONTOPHIS Amaral 1935 Cala'"°don Amaral (preoccupied by Calamodon Cope, 1875)> Mem. Inst. Butantan, Calamodon pauc idens Amaral. species: 1963 Calamodontoph s Amaral (substitute name for Calamodon Amaral), Copeia, I963! i

Distribution: Content:

5'

2O3.

Type-

580.

As for single known species.

One species.

CALAMODONTOPHIS PAUC DENS (Amaral) I

1935 Calamodon paudicens Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, '): 204, fig. Grande do Sul, Brazil. 1963 [ Calamodontoph is j paucidens Amaral, Copeia, 1963= 58".

1.

—

Distribution;

Known only from

Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Type-locality:

S.

SimSo, Rfo

1

57

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

"^ "^

"At

CHERSODROMUS

"A"

CHERSODROMUS Reinhardt 1860 Chersodromus Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn, 1860: Chersodromus L ebmann Reinhardt. 1861 Op sth iodon Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1861: 460. Type-species: torquatus Peters. i

I

Distribution:

i

L

I

Type-species

Op isth iodon

Mexico to Guatemala.

Content: Two species, one ( annulatus Zwe if el) extral annulatus to be synonymous with Trop dod psas annul

CHERSODROMUS

242.

i

EBMANN

i

im i

i

Scott, Copeia, I567, 281, considered Boulenger.

tal.

f era

Reinhardt

I860 Chersodromus Liebmanni Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn, 1860: 243. Type-locality: Mexico; restricted to Cuautlapan, Veracruz, Mexico by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33, I55O, 347. 1860 Chersodromus nigricans Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn, 1860: 24$. Type-locality: Mexico; restricted to Cuautlapan, Veracruz, Mexico by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33, I55O, 347. 1861 Ooisthiodon torquatus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I86I: 46l. Type-locality: Huanusco, In error for Huatusco, Veracruz, Mexico. ISOO Dirosema coUare Werner. Zool. Anz., 23: I97, Figs. 3-5. Type-locality: Mexico; restricted to Cuautlapan, Veracruz, Mexico by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33, I55O, 347.

Distribution:

36S-J92

0—70-

Mexico to Guatemala.

2

58

REPTILIA:

'^

SERPENTE S: COLUBRIDAE

CHIRONIUS

CH RON US Fitzinger I

I

1826 Chironius Fitzinqer. Neue Classification der Reptilien, 3I.

lype-spec ies:

Coluber carinatus

Not desigType-species: 1826 Eroetodrvas Boie, in Ferussac, Bull. Sc . Nat. Geol., Paris, 9: 237. nated. 180, I83O Herpetodrvas Waqler (emendation of Erpetodryas Boie), Nat. Syst. Amph.: Coluber saturninus Linnaeus. Type-species: 1830 Macrops Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 182. Coluber Laevicollis Wied. Type-species: 1813 Hylophis Fitzinqer. Systema Reptilium: 26. Phyllosira flavescens Type-species: 1862 Phvllosira Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 1862: 3A9. Cope. i

i

Distribution: Content:

Nicaragua to southern Brazil and Argentina.

Sixteen species.

Clave de especies

Key to the species

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

—

1.

Con diez filas de escamas en el medio cuerpo Con doce filas de escamas en el medio cuerpo-11

3 6

2.

Anal entera Anal dividida

i Ground color reddish, brownish or yellowish fuscus Ground color green, blue or black

3-

Dorsal scales smooth; fewer than 40 maxillary teeth 5 At least two rows of dorsal scales keeled; fuscus 41-45 maxillary teeth

4.

Ground color reddish cinnamon; light supralabials; eight scale rows at level of anus c innamomeus Ground color brownish-yellow; dark supralabials; ten scale rows at level of anus scurrulus

5-

6.

Paravertebral scales lack pits throughout 7 length of body Paravertebral scales with prominent apical pits f oveatus throughout length of body

Hileras de escamas paravertebrales sin fosetas en toda la longitud del animal 7 Hileras de escamas paravertebrales con fosetas f oveatus en toda la longitud del animal

],

Menos de 135 caudales Mas de I36 caudales

ten scale rows at midbody With twelve scale rows at midbody

2

1. With

11

Anal single Anal divided

Caudals fewer than 135 Caudals more than I36

3

6

4 Color general pardo, rojizo o amarillento •^"scus Color general verde, azul o negro

Escamas dorsales lisas, menos de 40 dientes max la res 5 Por lo menos dos hileras de dorsales carenadas; fuscus 41-4$ dientes maxilares i

Color canela rojizo; supralab iales claras; ocho c innamomeus hileras dorsales a nivel del ano Color pardo amarillento; supralab iales oscuras; scurrulus diez hileras sobre el ano

8

9

^

9

8.

Temporals 2 + 2; all dorsal scales keeled with exception of paravertebrals and lowermost roworandi squami s Temporals 1+2; only two paravertebral rows schlueter keeled

Todas las dorsales carenadas con la excepcion de las paravertebrales y la f ila exterior; grandi squam is 2 + 2 temporales Solo las dos filas paravertebrales carenadas; 1 + 2 temporales schlueter i

i

9. ,

9.

^

.,

,

Not black dorsally; lower surface of tail not same color as dorsum; usually two secondary^

1^ temporals Dorsum black; lower surface of tail also black, same color as dorsum; usually one secondary lelas. temporal 10. Dorsal scale rows ten immediately ^nterior to vent; 30-41 maxillary teeth; 153-172 ventrals; outer tips of subcaudals black, contrasting bicapmatus W th ventral tail color Dorsal scale rows eight immediately anterior to vent; 24-28 maxillary teeth; 137-157 ventrals; outer tips of subcaudals not sharply contrasting pyprhopoqon with ventral tail color

-—-—

I

No negro a dorsal; superficie ventral de la cola de distinto color que el dorso; usualmente 10 ^^^ temporales secundarios p^^^^ ^^g^^. ^^p^^^;^;^ ventral de la cola tambien negra; usualmente un temporal

melas

secundario

nmed ia tamente 10. Filas de escamas dorsales diez anterior al ano; 30-41 dientes maxilares; 153-172 ventrales; a'pices externos de subcaudales negros, en contraste con el color bicarinatus ventral de la cola ^ .^^^ ^^ escamas dorsales ocho nmed iatamente anterior al ano; 24-28 dientes maxilares; I37-I57 ventrales; a'pices externos de subi

i

caudales no contrastan fuertemente con color nyrrhooooon central de la cola

.

i

—

—

59

CHIRONIUS

11. Lacking lateral

dark stripe on tail With lateral black stripe on tail

11. Sin cinta

12

oscura laterocaudal a los lados de la cola

12

Con cinta negra

mont icola

mont icola 12.Fewertlian 180 caudalsMore than I50 caudals-

i

13. Anal divided

Anal

laev icoll

ngle

si

is

12.Menos de 180 caudales Mas de I9O caudales

14

13. Anal

13

-mult ventr

i

i

dividida Anal en t era

s

i

s

14

laev coll i

i

s

lA.Cabeza no pardo rojiza sin cinta mediana amarillenta 15 Cabeza pardo rojiza con una cinta mediana f la vol neata amar 1 lent a

brownish red; lacks median yellowish stripe 15 Head brownish red with median yellowish stripef lavol neata

14. Head not

i

i

i

-16 -17

IJ.Con cinta clara vertebralSin cinta clara vertebral-

-16 -I7

IJ.Light vertebral stripe presentLight vertebral stripe absent--

13

mult ventr

l6.Fewerthan four rows of keeled scales in both sexes ear ina tus At least four scale rows keeled in both sexes quadr icar na tus

l6.Menos de cuatro hileras de escamas quilladas en ambos sexos car na tus Por lo menos cuatro hileras de escamas quiqua dr car natus lladas en ambos sexos

ly.Keeled scales with light spot at base, giving appearance of yellow vertebral line; no zig-zag line down median ventral surface of tail; f lavop ictus subcaudals 108-120 Light vertebral line continuous, not made up of yellow spots; zig-zag line down median ventral surface of tail; subcaudals 128-154--b icar natus

ly.Escamas quilladas con mancha clara en la base, con aspecto de I'nea vertebral amarilla; sin 1 fnea en zigzag a lo largo de la superficie media ventral de la cola; subcaudales 108-120 f lavop ictus L Tnea vertebral clara continua, no formada por manchas amarillas; con iTnea en zigzag a lo largo de la superficie media ventral de la cola; subcaudales 128-154 b icar natus

i

i

i

i

i

CHIRONIUS BICARINATUS (Wied) 1820 Coluber b icar natus W ed, Reise nach Brasilien, 1; 181. Type-locality: Lake near Rio Jucu, five leagues south of Cidade Espirito Santo, Espirito Santo, Brazil. 1555 Ch ron us b car natus Bailey, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 571= 8. i

i

i

i

—

i

i

Distribution: Espirito Santo and eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil, southwest of Misiones and R'o Uruguay, Provincias Chaco, Corrientes, Salta, Formosa, and Entre Rios, Argentina; northwestern Uruguay.

CHIRONIUS CARINATUS (Linnaeus) Type-locality: "Indiis". 1758 Coluber car inatus Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 223. Type1798 Col uber J ( Ch ron us ) Donndorff, Zoologische Beytrage, 3 Amphibien und Fische: 2O5. locality: Not given. 1845 Coluber Spixii Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila, 1845: 241. Type-locality: South America. South 1845 Coluber Pickerinqii Hallowell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., I845: 242. Type-locality: Amer ica. I85I Herpetodryas car natus var. v ncent Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I85I: 355Type-locality: Saint Vincent Island. I856 Zaocys torn er Werner, Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 46: I5, pl. 1, fig. 1. Type-locality: Suma t ra Ruthven, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 8: 65. 1522 Ch ron us car natus i

i

[_

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

—

Distribution: Central America; tropical South America; Trinidad; Guadalupe; San Vicente

I.

CHIRONIUS CINNAMOMEUS (Wagler) 1824 Na tr

in Spix, Sp. Nov. Serp. Bras.: 20, pl. 6, fig. X c nnamomea Wagler, Amazonian forest, Brazil. 1964 Ch ron us c nnamomeus Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, JO (156O-62): 53i

i

i

i

i

—

Distribution: Surinam and Lower Amazonian region of Brazil.

1.

Type-locality:

s

60 CHIRON lUS

CHIRONIUS FLAVOLINEATUS (Boettger) Type-locality: 1885 Herpetodryas f lavol ineatus Boettger, Zeits. fur Naturwiss., 5^! 234. Bailey, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 57^' 13" IS')^ Chironius f lavol ineatus

—

Paraguay.

Distribution! Savannas of central and western Bahia, northeastern Mato Grosso, and SSo Paulo, Brazil; Paraguay; central Bolivia.

CHIRONIUS FLAVOPIgTUS (Werner) 1505 Herpetodryas car natus L. van. flavop eta Werner, Mitt. Naturhist. locality: Ecuador, and Guayaquil, Ecuador. 1960 Chironius flavopictus Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 122: 5II. i

i

Mus.

Hamburg, 26; 220.

Type-

—

Distribution: Known under this name only from type-locality and Cabeceras de R'o Congo, Ecuador; possibly occurs in northwestern Peru.

CHIRONIUS FOVEATUS 1555 Ch iron us f oveatus Bailey, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 571' 10, fig. Rio Fortuna, llheus, Bahia, Brazil. i

Distribution:

1.

Type-locality:

Bahia to Santa Catarina, on Brazilian coast.

CHIRONIUS FUSCUS (Linnaeus)

Coluber f useus Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 222. Type-locality: Asia (in error). Coluber saturn nus Linnaeus, SyStema Naturae, Ed. 10: 223. Type-locality: Indiis. Dendroph is v ir id s Dumaril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. Gen., 7' 202. Type-locality! unknown, Herpetodryas sebastus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 1860: 562. Type-locality: unknown. Herpetodryas holochlorus Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., (2) 8 (I875): 178. Type-locality: Rio MaraHon, Peru. Type-locality: Andagoya, 1515 Herpetodryas vicinus Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1515' 660. Colomb a. 1929 Ch ron us f uscus Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 4: I6I. 1758 1758 I854 I860 1876

i

i

i

I

i

i

—

i

Distribution; Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, central Brazil, Peru.

CHIRONIUS GRANDISQUAMIS (Peters) 1868 Spilotes grand! squamis Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Rica.

1951 Chironius grand squam i

Distribution:

i

— Taylor,

Univ.

Kansas Sc

i

.

Berlin, 1868:

45I.

Type-locality:

Costa

Bull., Ji: Jd.

Costa Rica, Panama, northwestern Ecuador.

CHIRONIUS LAEVICOLLIS (Wied) 1824 Coluber laev icoll s Wied, Isis von Oken, 1824, heft 6: 666. Type-locality; None givenj Wied, Beitr. Naturges. Bras., 1825, 299, said Fazenda of Muribeca on lower Rio Itabapoana, on boundary between Espirito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1555 Ch iron ius laev icoll s Bailey, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 57I: 18. i

i

Distribution:

—

Central Espirito Santo to Parana, Brazil.

CHIRONIUS MELAS (Cope) 1886 Herpetodryas melas Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 23: 278. Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc . Bull., 34: 97. 1951 Chironius melas

—

Distribution:

i

Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.

Type-locality:

Nicaragua.

-

)

61

CHIRONIUS

CHI RON US MONTICOLA Roze I

1552 Ch iron ius mont icola Roze, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, Distrito Federal, Venezuela.

1:

Type-locality:

100, figs.

Coastal Cordillera from Caracas, to Andes of Tachira, above 1,200 Distribution: Colombia; also recorded from Bolivia by Roze, Ofidios de Venezuela, !%(>, 101.

m

El

in

Junquito,

Venezuela;

CHIRONIUS MULTIVENTRIS Schmidt and Walker 1543 Chironius mult iventris Schmidt and Walker, Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 24: locality: Departamento Madre de Dios, Peru.

282.

Type-

Distribution: Known from type-locality; also recorded from Onverwacht, Surinam by Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 30> 1964, 5^; Museo Nacional of Brazil has specimen from Benjamin Constant, Brazil.

CHIRONIUS PYRRHOPOGON (Wied) 1824 Coluber pyrrhopoqon Wied, Isis von Oken, 1824, heft 6: 666. Type-locality: None given; Wied, Beitr. Naturges. Bras., 1825, 296, gave great forests of Rio r t ba or Benevente, Espirito Santo, Braz 1. 19')') Chironius pyrrhopogon Bailey, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 571' 12. I

i

i

—

i

Distribution: Bahia to Santa Catarina, Brazil, along coast; Bailey, loc. cit., recorded the same or a closely related form from western Mato Grosso.

CHIRONIUS OUADRICARINATUS I827 Erpetodryas

(

Bo

i

e

4 dr icar natus Boie, Isis von Oken, 20 (l): 5^8. Type-locality: None given, restricted to Asunc on, Paraguay by Bailey, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 571' 15. 1862 Phyllosira flavescens Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc Phila., 1862: 349. Paraguay or Type-locality: northern Argentina. 1955 Ch ron us quadr icar inatus Bailey, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 571' 15. i

i

i

i

.

—

i

Distribution: Savanna areas of northern Mato Grosso, Brazil, and central Bolivia; central Paraguay; vicinity of Sao Paulo city, Brazil.

CHIRONIUS SCHLUETERI (Werner) 1899 Herpetodryas Schluteri Werner. Zool. Anz., 22: II5. Type-locality: I960 Chironius schlijteri Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 122: 512.

—

Distribution:

Napo, Ecuador.

Amazonian slopes of Ecuador.

CHIRONIUS SCURRULUS (Wagler) 1824 Natrix Scurrula Waqler. in Spix, Sp. Nov. Serp. Brazil. 1964 Chironius scurrulus Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan,

—

Bras.:

24,

pi.

3O (196O-62):

8.

Type-locality:

Rio Japura,

72.

Distribution: Amazonas, Minas Gerais, Rondonia, and Para, Brazil; southeastern Colombia; Moyobamba and Xeberos, Peru.

i

62 REPTILIA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE Prepared CLEL

lA

by

***

CLELIA

Joseph R. Bailey, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

Fitzinger

1826 Clel ia Fitzinger, Neue Class f icat ign der Reptilien: 25. Type-species: Coluber del ia Daudin. I83O Cloelia Wagler (emendation of Clelia Fitzinger), Nat. Syst. Amphib.: I87. 71843 Rh inoscy tale Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 25. Type-species; Rhinoscytale Cloelia, nomen nudum, which may be same as Coluber clel ia Daudin. I843 De ropeda Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 25. Type-species: Coluber clel ia Daudin. I843 Hydroscopus Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 25. Type-species: Coluber plumbeus Wied. I853 Brachyrruton Dumeril, Mem. Acad. Sci. Paris, 23: 5^2. Type-species: None given. Type-species: 1524 Barbour na Amaral, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 14: 201. Barbour na equator iana Amaral. i

i

i

i

Distribution: Tropical Mexico to about 35째^ latitude east of Andes and to northwestern Ecuador west of Andes in South America; lesser Antilles. Content:

Six species currently known,

plus several undescribed taxa.

Key to the species 1.

2.

3.

Dorsal scales Dorsal scales

in in

I5 rows at midbody I7 rows at midbody

2

1.

5

Upper labials usually seven (rarely eight), lower labials eight; if eight upper and eight or nine lower, subcaudals fewer than 60 in males, ^i in females; solid maxillary teeth usually thirteen or fewer; loreal smaller than preocular and squarish 3 Upper labials eight, lower labials usually nine; solid maxillary teeth 15-1?! loreal long, about equal to preocular in size b icolor

Subcaudals fewer than 80 in males, 7^ in females; if overlapping range given above, belly prominently smudged (in juveniles) or all dark; juvenile with dark middorsal stripe continuous with nape blotch or nearly uniform including head pattern 4 Subcaudals over 75 males, 64 in females; belly immaculate except for dorsal pigment encroaching on tips of ventrals; juvenile coral red with dark crown and nape blotch separated by cream collar clel ia i

4.

Clave de especies

2.

rust ica

Subcaudals 59-79 i" males, 51-69 i" females, frequently some basal ones single; dorsum dark brown or black; venter irregularly smudged with dark in juveniles, often almost solid black in adults; juveniles always with distinct light occipital collar and middorsal dark stripe more than five scale rows wide occ p tolutea i

i

2

5

Usualmente siete supralab iales (raramente ocho), ocho infralab iales; con ocho supralab iales y ocho o nueve nfralab iales, las subcaudales son menos de 60 en machos y 5'' s" hembras; usualmente trece menos dientes maxilares sin canal; loreal rectangular y mas pequena que la i

preoculai 3 Ocho supralab iales, usualmente nueve infralabiales; normalmente 15"!? dientes maxilares sin canal; loreal alargada, aprox imadamente de igual tamano que la preocular b icolor 3.

Subcaudales menos de 80 en machos, 7" ^^ hembras; si estos numeros se sobremontan, vientre prom nentemente tiznado(en juveniles) o todo oscuro; juveniles con una banda oscura mediodorsal continue con la mancha nucal o casi uniforme incluyendo diseno de la cabeza 4 Mas de 75 subcaudales en machos, 64 en hembras; vientre inmaculado excepto por la pigmentacion dorsal que invade los lados de las placas ventrales; juveniles con rojo coral, parte superior de la cabeza y nuca con manchas oscuras separadas por collar crema clel ia

4.

Subcaudales 53"62 en machos, 42-54 en hembras, todas pares; dorso oliva oscuro; vientre inmaculado con pigmento oscuro dispuesto en disenos transversales; usualmente juveniles sin collar occipital claro distinto; cuando esta presente la banda oscura mediodorsal es de menos de cinco escamas de ancho rust ca Subcaudales en machos 59-79> s" hembras ^1-6'), f recuentemente algunas de las basales no divididas; dorso pardo oscuro negro; vientre irregularmen te tiznado de oscuro en juveniles, f recuentemente negro casi uniforme en adultos; juveniles con collar claro occipital siempre presente y banda mediodorsal oscura de mas de cinco filas de ancho occ p tolutea

^i

Subcaudals 53-^2 in males, 42-54 in females, all paired; dorsum dark olive; venter immaculate or with dark pigment arranged in transverse patterns; juveniles usually lack distinct light occipital collar; if present, median dark stripe less than five scales wide-

Escamas dorsales en I5 filas al medio del cuerpo Escamas dorsales en I7 filas al medio del cuerpo

i

i

i

—

63

CLELIA

5.

Subcaudals 78-52 in mal es, 70*81 in females; ventrals 202-212 in ma les, 216-228 in females; apical scale pits pair ed; sol d max llary teeth 13-1^; middorsal row and head scales normal scytal na Subcaudals 60-82 in mal es, 56-78 in females; ventrals 185-208 in ma les, 202-223 in females; apical pits often lack ing, but numerous tiny pits centrally located on scale usually present; solid maxillary teeth 11-13; middorsal row frequently widened also anterior or posterior reduction fr om 17 dorsal rows common; head scales fr equently reduced by absence of loreal, few er than 1+2 oculars, or 2+3 temporals equa tor ana i

5.

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

b

i

i

;

IA

i

i

i

CLEL

Subca udale s en mac hos 7 92 , en hem bras 7O-8I; vent rales en mach OS 20 2-21 2, en he mbras 216228; hoyu elos ap cales par es; d en tes max ilare s sin can al 1 3-14; f il a mediod orsal y plac as de la cabe za no rmal es scytal na Subca udale 60 82 en ma chos , en hem bras 56-78; vent rales 185 208 en m acho s, en he mbras 202223, free uent emen te si n ho yuelos a p icales, au nq ue us ua Im ente hay nume rosos ho yuelos d m nutos sit uado s en el c entro de la escama; d ien tes m ax 1 ares s n cana 1 11-13; f la medi 0dors al fr ecue n t em ente ensa nchada; tambien es comu n red ucc on die 17 f ila s dorsal es posteror y ant er P lacas cef al cas f recuentemen t e red uc d as p or au senc ia de lo real, menos de 1 +2 oc ular es 2+3 temp orales equator iana

BICOLOR (Peracca), new combination icolor group

1504 Oxyrhopus b icolor Peracca, Rev. Suisse Zool., Argent na.

12:

667.

Type-locality:

Morth of Santa Fe,

i

Distribution: Southern Mato Grosso, Brazil, south to San Luis and Santa Fe, Argentina. specimen from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, may be an error.

An

old

CLELIA CLELIA (Oaudin) del ia group I8O3 Coluber 1826 [ Clelia

del del

ia ia

Daud

i

n.

Hist. Nat. Rept., 6: 33O, pi. 78. Type-locality: Neue Classification der Reptilien: 3I.

Surinam.

]— Fi tz inger.

Distribution: AH of Central America to northwestern Ecuador west of Andes and to northern Argentina east of Andes. Content:

Two subspecies.

Key to the subspecies 1.

Clave de subespecies

Hemipenis lacks spines; loreal frequently minute or absent plumbea Hemipenis spinose; loreal seldom abnormal clelia

1,

—

Clel

ia

1826

clelia clelia

(

Hemipenis sin esQinas; loreal frecuentemente muy pequena ausente plumbea Hemipenis espinosos; loreal raramente anormal del ia

Daud n) i

lei ia j Daud n Fitzinger (substitute name for Coluber clel ia Daudin), Neue Classification der Reptilien: 55* 1944 Clelia clel ia clel ia Dunn, Caldasia, 3 (l2): 201. 1965 Clelia clelia qroomei Greer, Breviora, 223: 1, fig, la-c. Type-locality: Beausejour, Grenada Island, Lesser Antilles. C.l

i

i

i

Distribution: Guatemala and British Honduras to northwestern Ecuador west of Andes, and to Uruguay and northern Argentina east of Andes,

Clel

ia

clelia plumbea (Wied), new combination

1820 Coluber plumbeus Wied, Reise nach Brasilien, Rio S3o Joao, Brazil.

1:

25.

Type-locality:

Between Cabo Frio and

Distribution: Mouth of Rio Amazonas to Maranhao and forested areas from Espirito Santo to Santa Catarina, southeastern Brazil, and Misiones, Argentina.

64

CLELIA

CLELIA EQUATORIANA (Amaral), new combination scy tal na group i

1524 Barbour na equator iana Amaral, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., Ecuador. 1544 Clelia clelia scytal na- Dunn. Caldasia, 3 (l2): 201. i

14:

Type-locality;

201.

Guayaquil,

i

Distribution: Ecuador.

Range

Pirri

in

eastern Panama through Cauca Valley of Colombia to northwestern

CLELIA OCCIPITOLUTEA (Oumeril, Bibron and Oumeril), new combination occ p tolutea group i

i

I854 Brachyruton occ

ip

i

to-luteum Oumeril, Bibron and Oumeril, Erp. Gen.,

7^

IOO5.

Type-locality:

Unl<nown.

1856 Oxyrhopus maculatus Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., Uruguay.

Distribution:

CLEL

J:

110, pi.

6,

fig.

2.

Type-locality:

Southern Brazil to Uruguay and central Argentina.

RUSTICA (Cope), new combination rust ica group

lA

I878 Oxyrrhopus rusticus Cope. Proc. Amer.

Phil.

Soc,

I7

(l877)* 92-

Type-locality:

Argentina?

Distribution: Southern Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil south to Uruguay and Buenos Aires; west to Tucuman and Jujuy in Argentina.

CLELIA SCYTAL rjA (Cope) scytal na group I

i

I867 Scolecoph s scytal nus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866: 320. Near Type-locality: Tabasco, Mex ico. Type-locality: 1857 Oxyrhopus proximus Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: 856, pi. 67, figs. J-i. Western [southernj slope of Volcan Atitlan, Guatemala. 1942 Clelia clelia immaculata Smith. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 52: 354. Type-locality: "Guadalajara", Mexico; see Zweifel, Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 19^5> 1959» i~9> f°'" comments on this type local ty. Stuart. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 122: 9O. 1963 Clelia scytal ina i

i

i

—

Distribution: Veracruz, Mexico on Atlantic slope and Colima on Pacific slope along Pacific highlands to Costa Rica.

J

65

REPTILIA: SERt'ENTES: COLUBRIDAE

COLUBER

L

^K

^ ^ i^

COLUBER

innaeus

Coluber constrictor Linnaeus. Type-species: 1758 Coluber Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 216. Type-species: Scol iophis atlant icus 1818 Scol iophis Lesueur, J. Phys. Chin. Hist. Nat., 86: 257. LesTieur.

Coluber hippocrepis Linnaeus. Type-species: 1826 Hemorrhois Boie, isis von Oken, I9: 582. Type-species: none given. 1826 Tyr ia Fitzinger, Neue Classification der Reptilien: 25. Coluber trabalis Pallas - Coluber Type-species: 1827 Haemorrho s Boie, Isis von Oken, 20: 538. jugular s Linnaeus. Coluber hippocrepis Linnaeus. Type-species: 18^0 Periops Waqler. Nat. Syst. Amphib.: I85. Coluber trabal is Boie (? = Coluber Type-species: 1843 Eremioph s Fitzinger. Systema Reptilium: 25. jugular s Linnaeus). Type-species: Coluber constrictor Linnaeus. 1853 Bascani on Baird and Girard, Cat. N. Amer. Rept.: 53Type-species: Coluber capistratus 1854 Coryphodon Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. Gen., ]: 180. L chtenste n. Platyceps sem ifasc iatus Type-species: I860 Platyceps Blyth, Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 2'): 114. Blyth. 1862 Bascan ium Cope (emendation of Bascanion Baird and Girard), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862: i

i

i

i

i

i

338.

Megablabes olivaceus Type-spec es: 1865 Meqablabes Gunther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (3) 15= 3^Gunther. 1868 Pol ichoph is Gistl, Blicke Leben U. Natur, 155[P^PS'" "°t seen; synonymy according to Romer, Osteology of the Reptiles, 1556, 576. Type-species: Coluber ventromaculatus 1855 Acantliocalyx Cope, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, 18: 204. 1

Gray. 1524 Argyrogena Werner. Sitz. Math. -Naturw ss. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, I33, abt. 1: Arqyrogena rostra ta Werner = Coluber fasc olatus (Russell). species: i

5''>

f'G-

*•

Type-

i

Central America, North America, Europe, North Africa, Asia, East

Distribution:

Indies.

Content: As few as four or as many as 25, depending upon whether the partition of the genus Some recent authors have suggested by Clark and Inger, Copeia, 15^3> 1*1-145, is accepted or not. accepted it (Smith, Taylor, Auffenberg) but others continue to use Coluber in the older sense (Mertens, Minton, Wermuth). Only one species is found within limits of this work.

COLUBER CONSTRICTOR Linnaeus 1758 Coluber Constrictor Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10:

216.

Type-locality:

Canada.

Parts of southern Canada, all of United States, eastern Mexico to northern Guatemala.

Distribution:

Content: Eight subspecies, according to Auffenberg, Tulane Stud. Zool., one is found within limits of this work.

2,

1555>

1*6, of which only

Coluber constr ctor ste jneger anus (Cope) i

i

I855 Zamen s 153* Coluber Kalto 1542 C oluber i

ste jneger ianus Cope, Amer. Nat., 25: 678. Type-locality: Cameron County, Texas. ortenburqer Stuart, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 284: 1. Type-locality: Sabana, 3 west of La Libertad, El Peten, Guatemala. constrictor ste jneger ianus Muliak and Muliak, Copeia, 1542: 14. i

<"

i

—

Distribution: Low elevations, southern Texas through Gulf coastal plain of Mexico to northern Guatemala.

—

.

—

v

66

•*

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

CONIOPHANES

CONIOPHANES Hallowell Type-species: 1860 ConioDhanes Hallowell, in Cope, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., I860: 248. Coronella f ss dens Gilnther. Glaphyrophis pictus Jan. Type-species: 186? GlaDhvroDhis Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., 2: 304. Homalopsis Type-species: I76. 22 (1884): Phil. Soc, Amer. Proc. Cope. 188S Hydrocalamus qu inquevi ttatus Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeri. i

i

i

Extreme southern Texas through Mexico and Central America to Pacific Colombia, Distribution: Ecuador and Peru. Twelve species, of which four ( andresensis Bailey, Content: and mer danus Schmidt and Andrews) are ex tral m tal. i

f

rang

i

irqatus Peters, lateri

t

ius

Cope,

i

i

Coniophanes brevifrons Bailey, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 362, 1937, 3, has been Comment: shown to be a synonym of Coniophanes andresensis by Dunn and Saxe, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., The latter is confined to San Andres Island, Colombia. 102, 1950, 162.

Clave de especies

Key to the species 1.

Dorsal scales Dorsal scales

in

21 or fewer rows-

in

23-25 rows

Dorsal scales Dorsal scales

in

21

1.

Escamas dorsales en no mas de 21 hileras 2 long tudi nales como maximo Escamas dorsales dispuestas en 23 a 25 hileras 8 long tudi nales i

i

2.

3.

in

rows I9 or fewer rows-

2.

Large, dark, rounded spot on external border 4 of each ventral Ventrals immaculate, lightly bordered by dorsal ground color, or with very fine punctate spotting; if spots are present, they are small f iss dens

3.

Escamas dorsales dispuestas en 21 hileras long tudi nales Escamas dorsales dispuestas en I9 hileras long tudi nales como maximo i

3

i

5

Una mancha grande oscura redondeada en el borde 4 externo de cada placa abdominal

ligeramente Escudos abdominales inmaculados bordeados por el tono general del cuerpo, o muy finas punteaciones oscuras, si hay manchas f ss dens laterales, son muy pequenas

i

i

i

4.

5.

Ventrals more than I5O Ventrals fewer than I5O

Dorsal scales Dorsal scales

- qu

inquev ttatus b puncta tus i

rows-

in

I9

in

I] rows-

Mas de I5O ventrales Menos de I5O ventrales-

i

6 -

5.

ioanae 6.

6.

Middorsal stripe one scale row wide, either continuous or broken, may be absent entirely-7 Middorsal stripe five scale rows wide, always cont nuous drom ic if orm s i

i

b

i

punctatus

6 Escamas dorsales dispuestas en I9 hileras Escamas dorsales dispuestas en I9 h ileras -ioanae

Una banda dorsal cont'nua quebrada, del ancho de una escama 7 Una banda dorsal cont'nua, nunca quebrada, de

cinco escamas de ancho

drom

ic

i

form

No light temporal stripe through eye;

hemipenis unifurcate, spinose, capitate f ss dens Light temporal stripe through top of eye; hemipenis bifurcate, spineless mper ial s i

i

V

i

1 1

Lateral dark stripes 1/2 - 1-1/2 scale rows wide, shading gradually to ventrals schm dt i

s

i

i

Bandas oscuras laterales ocupan cuatro a cinco filas de escamas con borde bien definido pi

i

i

i

i

8.

p ice

a traves del ojo; hemipenes unifurcados, espinosos y capitados-i

i

Lateral dark stripes four to five scale rows wide, sharply defined on longer edge

Sin I'nea clara temporal

f ss dens L'nea clara temporal a traves de la parte superior del ojo; hemipenes bifurcados, no mper ial s esp no SOS

i

i

ce

i

vi

i

1858 Coronella bipunctata Guntherr Cat." Sn. Brit. Mus.: 36. Type-locality: Unknown; suggested as British Honduras by Schmidt, Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 22, I94I, 5O4. 1866 Coniophanes b puncta tus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866: 128. i

Distribution: Panama

—

Tehuantepec and southern Veracruz, Mexico through Central America to northwestern

Two subspecies, of which one

(

b

i

tt

i

Bandas oscurts laterales ocupan entre un medio esfumandose y una y media filas de escamas; gradualmente hacia los ventrales schm dt

CONIOPHANES BIPUNCTATUS (Cunther)

Content:

is

i

7. 7.

qu inquev ttatus

ser iatus Smith)

is

extral

Im

i

tal.

s

i

i

s

.

67

CONIOPHANES

Con iophanes

b

i

punctatus

I863 G.[ laphvroph 1940 [^Coniophanes

is ] b

i

b

i

punctatus (Gunther)

None given. Type-locality; pictus Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., 2: 3O5. punctatus ] b ipunctatus Smith, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 53= 59-

—

Humid lowlands; southern Veracruz, Mexico, east through northern El Peten, Distribution: Guatemala, into British Honduras, northern Honduras, Nicaragua, and northwestern Panama.

CONIOPHANES DROMIC FORM I

(Peters)

IS

Type-locality: I863 Tachymen is d rom ici formi s Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1863: 273Guayaquil, Ecuador. 1866 C.[ oniophanes ] drom ic form is Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 1866: 128. Guayaquil, Ecuador. Type-locality: I852 Con iophanes s gnatus Carman, Bull. Essex Inst., 24: ')!. Ba ley . Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci., 24 (1538): 32. iq?q Coniophanes drom ic form s

—

i

i

i

—

i

i

i

Pacific coastal areas of southern Ecuador and northern Peru.

Distribution:

CONIOPHANES FISSIDENS (Gunther) Mexico; restricted to San Type-locality: I858 Coronella f ss idens GDnther, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus.: ')6. Andres Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico, by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33> 195''> 35^' Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila., I860: 248. I860 C.[ oniophanes ] f iss dens i

—

i

Distribution: Both slopes western Ecuador.

in

Mexico, from Nayarit and Veracruz throughout Central America to north-

Content: Six subspecies, of which three proterops Cope) are ex tral m tal. i

(

converqens Shannon and Smith,

Key to the subspecies 1.

i

spersus Smith, and

Clave de subespecies

No dorsolateral white stripe on neck

2

1.

Dorsolateral white stripe extending posteriorly a considerable distance on neck f

2.

d

i

i

ss

i

i

dens

With distinctive dark paravertebral spots-punct qular s Lacking dark paravertebral spots-- obsole tus i

i

Sin I'nea blanca dorsolateral en la nuca--2 Con banda blanca dorsolateral que se extiende poster ormente a considerable distancia de la nuca f ss dens i

2.

Con manchas oscuras para vertebrales dist ntas punct qular Sin manchas oscuras para vertebrales i

i

*

Con ophanes i

1937

[

f

ss

i

i

dens

Con iophanes

f

i

ss

i

i

s

obsoletus

dens (Gunther)

fissidens fissidens

|

i

— Bailey,

Occ.

Pap.

Mus.

Zool.

Univ.

Mich., 362:

5.

Distribution: Central Veracruz south on Atlantic coast of Central America to northwestern Ecuador, avoiding high mountains and Yucatan Peninsula. Con ophanes i

f

i

ss

i

dens obsoletus Minton and Smith

1962 Con iophanes locality: Cos ta

R

i

Distribution: Con ophanes i

f

i

ss

i

f

issi dens obsoletus Minton and Smith, Herpetolog ca , I6: 108, fig. 1. TypeMax Cone FInca, 1 mi east of Volcan de Buenos Aires, Puntarenas Province, i

ca

Known from type locality and Turrialba, Costa Rica. dens punct qu lar i

i

s

Cope

1860 C.[ on iophanes ] punct iqular 5 Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860: 248. Type-locality: Honduras. 1878 Dromicus ch talonens Muller, Verb. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, 6: 4O7. Type-locality: Hacienda Chitalon, near Mazatenango, Guatemala. 19^1 Con iophanes f ss idens punct qular is Smith, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 9I: IO7. i

i

i

Distribution: Rica.

i

—

Low and moderate elevations of Pacific slope

in

Tehuantepec, Mexico, to Costa

68

CONIOPHANES CONIOPHANES IMPERIAL

(Baird and Girard)

IS

imperialis Baird and Girard, in Baird, Reptiles of the Boundary: 23, pi. 15, fig. Given as Brownsville, Texas, but recorded as Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico Type-locality: USNM Catalogue, according to Cochran, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 220, I56I, 216. Phila., I86I: 74. Coniochanes ] mper lal s Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc

1855 Taeniophis

1861

i

i

[

—

i

1. in

.

Southern Texas to northern Honduras on Caribbean slope.

Distribution:

Three subspecies, of which two Content: are ex tral im tal.

imperialis Baird and Girard and copei Hartweg and Oliver)

(

i

Con iophanes imperialis clavatus (Peters)

Type1864 Dromicus f Dromicus ) clavatus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1864: 388. Mex ico. local ty: Ba ley. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 362: 6. 19^7 Coniophanes imperialis clavatus i

—

i

Low elevations of Caribbean slope, Veracruz, Mexico, to northern Honduras.

Distribution:

CONIOPHANES JOANAE Myers 1366 Coniophanes joanae Myers, Copeia, I566: 665, figs. de Pirre, Darien, Panama, 1440 m.

1-2.

Type-locality:

Cerro Pirre, Serran'a

Highlands of eastern Panama.

Distribution:

CONIOPHANES PICEIVITTIS Cope 1870 Coniophanes piceivittis Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 11 (I865): Oaxaca, Mex ico. I87O l.[ach^men_i^J taen iata Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I865:

I45.

Type-locality:

Chihuitan,

876.

Type-locality:

Mexico.

Distribution: Guerrero, Mexico to Costa Rica on Pacific slope; central Honduras. Not yet recorded in Guatemala. Content:

Two subspecies, of which one

Con iophanes

p

i

ce v tt s p ice v tt i

i

i

1551 Con iophanes picei

Distribution!

i

vi tt

i

i

s

p

i

i

s

(

i

Hall)

extral

m

i

tal.

Univ. Kansas Sc

i

.

is

i

Cope

cei vi tt

As for species,

taylor

i

except

s

— Hall,

Bull., 34:

208, fig.

3-

Guerrero, Mexico.

CONIOPHANES SCHMIDT! Baile^ 1537 Coniophanes schmidti Bailey. Occ. Pap. Itza, Yucatan, Mexico.

Distribution:

Mus.

Zool.

Univ.

Mich., 362:

1.

Type-locality:

Chiche

Lowlands of Yucatan Peninsula to British Honduras and central El Petin, Guatemala.

69_

****

SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

REPTILIA:

CONOPHIS

CONOPHIS Peters 1860 Conoph s Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. vi ttatus Peters.

Berlin, 1860:

i

Distribution:

519> fig-

Type-species:

3'

Conoph

i

s

Semiarld regions of southern Mexico and Central America to Costa Rica.

Content; Four species, according to the most recent revision by Wellman, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 15, 1963O^e species ( vi ttatus Peters) is extralimital.

Key to the species

Clave de especies

Supralabials immaculate or having dark borders below; head and body usually pale with dark 2 stripes, or without stripes Supralabials having black borders above; head and body generally black with two or four white lines running length of body (fig. l) tievermann

I

I

.

;

I

I

r

!

I

I

' '

,

.

I

M

1

I

I

<

!

.

Supralab iales inmaculadas o con hordes inferiores oscuros; cabeza y cuerpo usualmente cla2 ros con o sin ifneas oscuras Bordes superiores de supralabiales negros; cabeza y cuerpo generalmente negros con dos cuatro Ifneas blancas a lo largo del cuerpo nevermann (fig. 1)i

i

t I

lilllillUilli

UniUiiiiiil (Fig.

(F!g.

1)

Figs. 1-3. Color patterns

in

Conoph

Lateral dark stripe through eye involving upper half of second scale-row (fig. 2); dark stripe on paravertebral row at least posteriorly pulcher Lateral dark stripe becoming indistinct on body, or restricted to fourth or third and fourth rows anteriorly, not involving second scale-row on anterior first third of body; an auxiliary lateral stripe sometimes present involving second row; no paravertebral stripes 1 neatus

—

i

CONOPHIS

LI

is

2.

(Fig.

2) (l

and

3)

from Wellman, 1563)'

2

Lfnea oscura lateral a traves del ojo ocupa la mitad superior de la segunda fila de escamas (fig. 2); a lo menos posteriormente hay una pulcher I'nea oscura paravertebral Lfnea oscura lateral indistinta sobre el cuerpo o restringida anteri ormente a la cuarta, o tercera y cuarta fila de escamas; no presente en la segunda fila, en el primer tercio del cuerpo; ocas onalmente una lfnea auxiliar presente en la segunda fila; no hay lfnea para1 neatus vertebral i

i

NEATUS (Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril)

Type-locality: I854 Tomodon 1 ineatum Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. Gen. /• 93^? Pl* 73I87I Conophis lineatus Cope, Third Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sc . , I869! 8. 1963 Conophis lineatus Wellman, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., I'j: 262.

— —

Distribution: Content:

Mexico.

i

From Veracruz and Yucatan, Mexico to Costa Rica.

Three subspecies, one

(

1

i

neatus Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril) ex tral

im

i

tal.

Clave de subespecies

Key to the subspecies

Stripes disappearing posteriorly (except for small spots of pigment on scale-row four or seven): first scale-row unpigconcolor mented (fig. 3) Stripes present posteriorly; first scaledunn row pigmented (fig. 4) i

Posteriormente, lineado dorsal ausente (excepto pequeRos puntos sobre la hilera cuarta septima); primera hilera no pigconcolor mentada (fig. 3) Posteriormente, lineado dorsal presente; dunn primera hilera pigmentada (fig. 4) i

70

CONOPHIS

Conoph

is

1

i

neatus concolor Cope

Type-locality: 1867 Conophis concolor Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 1866: 318. "Yucatan", restricted to Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico, by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Bull., 33. 1950. 3.52Kansas Sc Type-locality: iqOO Conophis lineaticeps Cope, Ann, Rept. U. S, Nat. Mus,, I858: IO94. Peten, Guatemala. 1541 Conoph is 1 ineatus concolor Smith, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sc . , 31" 122. 1963 Conophis lineatus concolor V/ellman, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 15: 270. i

i

.-

—

i

—

Yucatan Peninsula, northern Guatemala, northern third of British Honduras, Distribution; and questionable record for northeastern Honduras.

Conoph

is

1

ineatus dunn

i

Smith

Bocourt. 1886), Jour. Wash. Acad. 1941 Conophis lineatus similis Smith (preoccupied by similis Nicaragua. Managua, Type-locality: Sci., 3I: 123. Smith (substitute name for similis Smith), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1942 Conoph is lineatus dunn i

92:

1963 Conoph

395" is

1

i

Type-locality: Managua, Nicaragua. neatus dunn Wellman, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., I5: 262. i

—

Distribution: Semiarid habitats from sea level to 1000 m from Cuilco Valley in western Guatemala, El Peten, and British Honduras to northeastern and southern Honduras, western Nicaragua and northwestern Costa Rica.

m

iM)]Mi!_

f(/]|/in;Mi/ 4. Variations Wellman, I963).

Fig.

CONOPHIS NEVERMANNI

in

riVi"".-.-.-;;]/!/

color pattern of £.

1_.

dunn

i

MMlMr'lliT

from different parts of its range (from

Dunn

Type-locality: R'o Poas de Aserri 1937 Conophis nevermanni Dunn, Copeia, 1937' 214. of San Jose), Costa Rica. 1963 Conophis nevermanni Wellman, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1$, 2/2.

(

a

few mi south

—

Distribution:

Pacific coast of Honduras and northwestern Costa Rica; Meseta Central of Costa Rica.

CONOPHIS PULCHER Cope Peten or 1869 Conophis pulcher Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I869: 3O8. Type-locality: Verapaz, Guatemala. 1886 Conoph s pulcher var similis Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., Rept.: 6*7. pl- 38, fig. 6. Typelocality: unknown} restricted to Tonali, Chiapas, by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33, 1950, 326. Tonal^, Type-locality: 1941 Conophis pulcher plaqosus Smith, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci., '}!: 121. i

Ch iapas.

1963 Conophis pulcher

—Wellman,

Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus.

Nat. Hist.,

1$:

274.

Distribution; Pacific coastal region of Chiapas, Mexico, into Guatemala; southeastern highlands and dry valley of central and eastern Guatemala; Caribbean lowlands of Honduras south to region of Teguc igalpa.

7J.

**

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: BOIDAE

CORALLUS

CORALLUS Daudin I8O3 Corallus Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., 5' 256. Type-species: Corallus obtus irostr is Daudin. 1824 X phosoma Wagler, In Spix, Sp. Nov. Serp. Brasil: 40. Type-species: Boa can na Linnaeus. 1860 Chrvsen s Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1860: I32. Type-species: Chrysen is bates Gray. i

i

i

i

Distribution: Content:

Nicaragua to Amazonian South America; Windward

Islands.

Three species.

Key to the spec es

Clave de especies

i

1.

2.

i

Nasals separated; fewer than 85 subcaudals Nasals in contact; more than 100 subcaudals enydr

2

1,

is

Dorsals in 6I or more rows; ventrals fewer than 225 can nus Dorsals in fewer than 60 rows; ventrals more than 230 annulatus

2.

i

Nasales separados; menos de 85 subcaudales Nasales en contacto; mas de 100 subcaudales enydr

2

i

Escamas dorsales en 6I mas hileras; ventrales menos de 225 can nus Escamas dorsales en menos de 60 hileras; ventrales mas de 23O annulatus i

CORALLUS ANNULATUS (Cope) iohosoma annulatum Cope, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) Type-locality: Costa Rica. I853 Corallus annulatus Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 1: 102.

I876

X

8

(I875): I29, pi. 28, fig.

6.

—

Distribution: Content:

Nicaragua to Ecuador.

Three subspecies. Key to the subspecies

Clave de subespecies

With one pair of internasals 2 More than one pair of internasals; anterior lateral internasals in contact; posterior internasals separated by single median scale (Fig. l) annulatus

1.

Con un par de internasales 2 Mas de un par de internasales; internasales anteriores en contacto, posteriores separadas por una escama mediana (Fig. l)

annulatus

123

Tip of snout as viewed from above in subspecies of Corallus annulatus (taken from Rendahl and Vestergren, 15<l). Abbreviations used are: NLi-anter ior lateral nasal; NL2-poster or lateral nasal; NMmedial internasal; N-nasal; R-rostral; SL-supraloreals; Nos. 1 to 4 represent a series of scales considered by Rendahl and Vestergren to be same in all three subspecies. Fig. 1, a^. annulatus . Fig. 2, a., blomberg . Fig. 3j S.- colomb ianus . I

I

i

I

i

2.

Two medium-sized lateral internasals separated by two median scales arranged one behind other (Fig. 2) blomberg Large pair of lateral internasals which are in contact anteriorly but separated posteriorly by single median internasal colomb ianus i^'S- 3) i

2.

s

internasales laterales de tamano medio, separadas por dos escamas medianas ubicadas una detras de la otra (Fig. 2) blomberg Dos grandes internasales laterales, en contacto an ter ormente y separadas poster iormente por una escama mediana (Fig. 3) colomb ianus Dos

i

i

72

CORALLUS

Corallus annulatus annulatus (Cope)

—

Rendahl and Vestergren, Ark. for Zool., 33* (l)' 2. Boa annulata annulata j .[" nnu lata Peters, Amer. Mus. Novitates, I85I: 2. annulata Corallus

1540 1957

Distribution:

—

Nicaragua to Colombia,

Corallus annulatus blomberg

i

(Rendahl and Vestergren)

1941 Boa annulata blombergi Rendahl and Vestergren, Ark. for Zool., 33A (5)' !> figs. 6-7. Type-locality: R'o Zamora, eastern Ecuador. Peters, Amer. Mus. Novitates, 1851: 2. 1557 Corallus annulatus ] blomberg i

[

—

Distribution: Known only from type locality.

Corallus annulatus colomb ianus (Rendahl and Vestergren) 1540 Boa annulata colomb iana Rendahl and Vestergren, Ark. for Zool., 33* i^l' 2, fig. Type-locality: Cabeceras, Choco, Colombia. colomb iana Peters, Amer. Mus. Novitates, I85I: 1. 1557 Corallus annulata

1.

—

Distribution: Pacific lowlands of Colombia and northwestern Ecuador.

CORALLUS CANINUS (Linnaeus)

Type-locality: America. canina Linnaeus. Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 215. Type-locality: Asia. Hipnale Linnaeus. Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 21$. thalass ina Laurenti (substitute name for Boa canina Linnaeus), Synopsin Reptilium: 85. Type-locality: America. aurant iaca Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium; 85. ex qua Laurenti (substitute name for Boa H pnale Linnaeus), Synopsin Reptilium: 85. Type-locality: Xiphosoma araramboya Waqler. in Spix, Sp. Nov. Serp. Brasil.; 45, pi. I6. the rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Type-locality: Upper Amazon. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I860: I32, pi. 24. I860 Chrysenis batesi Boulenqer. Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 1: 102. 189^ Corallus can nus

I7S8 I7S8 1768 1768 1768 1824

Boa Boa Boa Boa Boa

i

i

i

i

Distribution:

—

Amazonian Basin of Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia; also Guianas.

CORALLUS ENYDRIS (Linnaeus) 1758 Boa Enydris Linnaeus. Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 21$. Forcart, Herpetolog ica, 7= 197' 1551 Corallus enydris

Type-locality:

America.

—

Distribution; Nicaragua to Ecuador and Peru; Windward Islands. Content:

Two subspecies.

Comment: Authors since Boulenger's Catalogues have used hortulanus Linnaeus and enydr s Linnaeus equally as often for this taxon. We follow the latest check list of the Boidae by Stimson, Das Tierreich, 85, 1965» '" the use of enydr s . i

i

Clave de subespecies

Key to the subspecies

Rounded dorsal and lateral blotches; more than 5c scale rows cook Rhomboid dorsal and lateral blotches; fewer than 5c scale rows enydr is i

i

1.

Manchas dorsales y laterales redondeadas; mas de 5^^ filas de escamas cook Manchas dorsales y laterales romboidales; menos de 5^^ filas de escamas enydr

i

i

i

s

s

.

73

CORALLUS

Corallus enydr

s

i

enydr

i

s

(Linnaeus)

Type-locality: America. 1758 Boa Hortulana Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 215. Type-locality: Brazil. 1768 Vipera bitis Laurenti. Synopsin Reptilium: 102. Type-locality: "IsleMadere. 1768 Vipera madarensis Laurenti. Synops n Rept 1 iutn: 102. unknown. Type-locality: 2: Arch., Zool. 53. Meyer, in Sentzen. 17% Boa Merremii Type-locality: none given. 1798 Boa Ambleocephala Donndorff. Zoologische Beytrage, 3: U?Type-locality: none I6. 1802 Boa obtusiceps Bechstein, in Lace'pede's Naturgesch. Amphibien, 5: i

1803 Corallus obtus rostr i

5:

i

Daudin (substitute name for Boa Merremi

i

i

Sentzen), Hist. Nat.

Rept.,

259.

Type-localfig. 2. 1824 Xiphosoma ornatum Waqler. in Spix, Sp. Nov. Serp. Brasil.: 40, pi. 14, ity; Rio Solimoes, Brazil. in Spix, Sp. Nov. 1824 Xiphosoma dorsuale Wagler (substitute name for Boa hortulana Linnaeus), pi. I5. Serp. Brasil.: 43, Type-locality: llheus, Bahia, Brazil. I834 Boa modesta Reuss. Abh. Mus. Senckenberg ianum, 1: 12?. Type-locality: Berbice, Guyana. 1842 Corallus maculatus Gray. Zoological Miscellany, 1842: 42. ica, ]: 197' Herpetolog Forcart, enydris enydris Corallus 1551 .

—

Distribution: Northern and western Brazil, southern Venezuela, Guianas; Amazonian Ecuador, Peru, and Bol v ia. i

Corallus enydr

s

i

cook

i

i

Gray

Type-locality: America. Gray. Zoological Miscellany, 1842: 42. 1842 Corallus Cooki TypePhila., (2) 8 (I875): 12?. Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc I876 X iphosoma ruschenberq local ty: Panama. Type locality: St. George's, 1914 Boa grenadensis Barbour, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 44: 327. Grenada Island, West Indies. ^ Venezuela, 1 (14): 1141. 1934 Boa salmonidia Bricefio. Bol. Minist. Salubr. Agric. Crfa, Type-locality: R'o de Oro, on Colombian frontier, Distrito Colon, Estado de Zulia, i

i

i

i

i

Venezuela

.

1951 Corallus enydris cook

i

i

— Forcart,

Herpetolog ica,

7:

197-

Nicaragua to Colombia; northern and central Venezuela; Trinidad; Wind-Distribution: ward Islands.

368^92 0—70-

1

1

74

****

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: CROTALIDAE

CROTALUS

CROTALUS Linnaeus Type-species: Crotalus horr dus Linnaeus, 1758 Crotalus Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 214. confirmed by Opinion 52, Int. Comm. Zool. Nomen. Type-species: Crotalus horridus Linnaeus. 1764 Crotalophorus Houttuyn, Natuur. Hist., 6, part 1: 25O. G aud sona terr f icus Laurenti. Type-species: 1768 Gaud sona Laurenti, Synopsin Reptilium: ')2. Type-spee ies: Crotal inus 1818 Crotal inus Rafinesque, Amer. Month. Mag. Grit. Rev., '}: 446. cyanurus Rafinesque : Grotalus horri dus Linnaeus. Type-species: Crotalus 1822 Crotalus Fleming (not of Linnaeus, 1758), Philos. of Zool., 2: 254. m il ar s Linnaeus. Type-species: Crotalus 1825 Crotalophorus Gray (not of Houttuyn, I764), Ann. Philos., 10: 20$. m 1 iar s Linnaeus. Type1826 Caudisona Fitzinger (not of Laurenti, I768), Neue Classification der Reptilien: 63. Crotalus m iar s Linnaeus. species: Uropsophus tr ser iatus Wiegmann. Type-species: I83O Uropsophus Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amph.: I76. Type-species: Crotalus dur ssus Linnaeus. 1843 Urocrotalon Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium; 29. Caudi sona lep da Phila., 1856: 3^-''* Type-species: I867 Aploasp is Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc Kenn icott. Type-species: I875 Aechmophrys Goues, in Wheeler, Rept. Explor. and Surv. West of lOOth Mer., 5= 6O5. Crotalus cerastes Hallowell. Type-species: Grotalus m iar ius Linnaeus. I883 S strurus Carman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 8: 118. Phila., 1883: 131883 Haploasp s Cope (emendation of Aploasp s Cope), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

.

i

i

i

i

i

Distribution:

i

.

The Americas.

Content: About 26 species, of which only two occur within the limits of this work, according to Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, J2, I965 (l96^)> 's latest revision, by Klauber, Rattlesnakes, 1')%. followed, as the most recent summary of the genus, in using Crotalus and S istrurus as subgenera.

Key to the species 1.

Clave de especies

2 Pattern obsolete; never conspicuous Pattern well-defined, always conspicuous dur ssus

1.

DiseRo obsolete; nuca consp'cuo Diseno definido, siempre consp'cuo

2

dur ssus i

i

2. 2.

With scattered white spots or streaks on some but not all scales veqrand s No scattered white streaks on scales dur ssus

i

i

i

i

CROTALUS

(

Con algunas escamas salpicadas de puntos ifneas blancas veqrand s Escamas no salpicadas de Ifneas blancas dur ssus

GROTALUS ) DURISSUS Linnaeus

Type-locality: America; restricted to 1758 Crotalus Dur ssus Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 214. Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc . Bull., 33, l')^0, 348. i

i

Distribution: Discontinuous; Mexico to Costa Rica; savannas of South America. Inst. Butantan, 32, I965 (1966), I38. Content: extral

Twelve subspecies, of which two im

i

(

culmlnatus Klauber and totonacus Gloyd and Kauffeld) are

Clave de subespecies

Conspicuous pattern of longitudinal bands on neck, followed by rhomboid blotches strongly contrasting with ground coloi No conspicuous pattern (except in juveniles), no strongly contrasting colors

1.

Centers of rhomboid blotches light, conspicuous in contrast to rest of blotch3

Centers of rhomboid blotches not light. only slightly lighter than rest of blotchterr f icus i

Disefio consp'cuo de bandas long tudi nales en la nuca, seguido de manchas romboidales i

contrastantes con el color de fondo 2 Diseno no consp'cuo (excepto en juveniles), no acentuado por contraste entre colores claros y oscuros un icolor

2

un icolor 2.

Hoge, Mem.

in

tal.

Key to the subspecies 1.

See map

2.

Centres de manchas romboidales claros, destacandose en contraste con el resto del rombo 3 Centres de manchas romboidales no claros muy ligeramente mas claros que el resto del rombo terr f icus i

75

CROTALUS

3.

Paravertebral nuchal stripes of uniform 4 color, center not lighter than borders Paravertebral nuchal stripes very broad (four scale rows) with lighter borders and center lighter than borders ruru ima

4.

Paravertebral nuchal stripes wider than 5 single scale Paravertebral nuchal stripes one scale row

3.

Cintas paravertebrales nucales de color uniforme; con centro no mas claro que los 4 hordes Cintas par'avertebrales nucales muy anchas (cuatro escamas) limitadas de claro exteriormente; con el centro mas claro que los ruru ima bordes

4.

Cintas paravertebrales nucales mas anchas que una escama 5 Cintas paravertebrales nucales de una escama de ancho dry nus

dry nus

w de

i

i

i

5.

Paravertebral nuchal stripes long, usually 6 longer than one head length Paravertebral nuchal stripes short, less than one head length cascavella

6.

Paravertebral nuchal stripes lack accessory stripes below 7 Paravertebral nuchal stripes with continuous or interrupted stripes beneath them, 8 never with single accessory spot

7.

5.

Cintas nucales paravertebrales largas; normalmente mas largas sobre la nuca que 6 la longitud de la cabeza Cintas nucales paravertebrales cortas; menores que la longitud de la cabeza cascavella

6.

Cintas paravertebrales nucales sin cintas accesorias debajo Cintas paravertebrales nucales con cintas contfnuas interrump das debajo; nunca una simple mancha accesoria i

8

With single, simple accessory spot beneath paravertebral nuchal stripe dur ssus Lacking any accessory spots beneath paravertebral nuchal stripe tzabcan

7.

Con solo una simple mancha suplementar ia debajo de la cinta paravertebral nucal dur issus Sin manchas ni cintas suplementar ias debajo de la cinta paravertebral nucal tzabcan

Paravertebral nuchal stripes with continuous dark stripe below 5 Paravertebral nuchal stripes with series of dark spots below mara ioens is

8.

Bandas nucales paravertebrales acompaftadas por 1 fneas no interrump idas debajo 9 Bandas nucales paravertebrales acompaRadas por una serie de puntos oscuros debajo mara Ioens s

i

8.

7

i

5.

Loreal indistinguishable from other lateral head scales coll 1 inea tus Loreal clearly distinguishable from other lateral head scales cumanens is

5.

i

Crotalus

(

Loreal que no se destaca del resto de las escamas latero-cef al icas coll 1 neatus Loreal muy clara que se destaca del resto de las escamas latere -cefal icas-cumanensis i

i

Crotalus ) dur issus dur ssus Linnaeus i

1802 Crotalus s imus Latreille, locality: "Ceylan". 1936 Crotalus dur issus dur ssus i

in

Sonnini

—Klauber,

and Latrellle, Hist. Dec.

Pap.

Nat.

San Diego Soc.

Rept., Nat.

Type-

202.

J:

Hist.,

1:

4.

Veracruz and Oaxaca, Mexico south to Costa Rica, avoiding Caribbean slope Distribution: Central America.

Crotalus

(

in

Crotalus ) dur ssus cascavella Wagler i

1824 Crotalus cascavella Wagler, in Spix, Sp. Nov. Serp. Bras.: 60, pi. 24. Bahia, Brazil; restricted through neotype designation to Mina Caraiba, by Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32, I965 (1966), I39. 1926 Crotalus terrif icus var. coll irhombeatus Amaral, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 15: locality: Northeastern Brazil. 1966 Crotalus durissus cascavella Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32 (1965): 139,

—

Distribution:

Caatinga regions of northeastern Brazil.

Type-locality: Bahia, Brazil, 9O, pi. pl-

12.

1.

Type-

1

76

CROTALUS

Crotalus

(

Crotalus ) dur ssus coll

i

i

1

i

neatus Amaral

Type-locality; 1926 Crotalus terrif icus van. coll 11 ineatus Amaral, Rev. Mus. Paulista, IJ: ')0. None specified in original description; restricted through neotype des ignat on t Estado de Mato Grosso, Brazil by Amaral and Hoge, in Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, '}2, I565 i

(1966), 139. 1966 Crotalus durissus coll

i

ineatus

—Hoge,

Mem.

Inst.

^

,

.

Butantan, J2 (I965J: 139, Pl- 13-

Goias, Oistrito Federal, Minas Gerais, northeastern SSo Paulo, and southDistribution: western Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Crotalus

(

Crotalus ) dur ssus cumanens i

i

Humboldt

s

I833 Crotalus cumanens is Humboldt, in Humboldt and Bonpland, Recueil d'Obs. Zool. Anat. Comp., Cumana, Venezuela. 2: 6. Type-locality: I833 Crotalus loefflinqi Humboldt, in Humboldt and Bonpland, Recueil d'Obs. Zool. Anat. Comp., 2: 6. Type-locality: Cumana, Venezuela. 1966 Crotalus dur ssus cumanens s Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, J2 (1965): 142. i

i

—

i

Distribution: Venezuela except high mountains of Andes, savannas of Monagas, and savannas of Bolivar and Amazonas.

Crotalus

(

Crotalus ) dur ssus dry inus Linnaeus i

Type-locality: America: 1758 Crotalus Dryinas Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 214. restricted to Paramaribo, Surinam, by Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32, 19^5 (l566), I43. 1966 Crotalus durissus dryinus Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32 (I965): 142, pi. 14.

—

Distribution:

Crotalus

(

Guianas.

Crotalus ) dur ssus mara joens i

i

s

Hoge

1966 Crotalus dur ssus mara joens s Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, '}2 (1965): 143, pi. 15locality: Tuiuiu, llha de Marajo, Estado do Para, Brazil. i

Distribution:

Crotalus

(

i

Marajo

Island,

Brazil.

Crotalus ) dur ssus ruru ima Hoge i

1966 Crotalus dur ssus ruru ima Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32 (1965)' locality: Paulo Camp, Mt. Roraima, Venezuela, 4000 ft. i

Distribution: Mt Roraima, Venezuela; may extend over Venezuela, according to Hoge, loc. cit., p. 147. .

Crotalus

(

Type-

Crotalus ) dur ssus terr

i

i

f

145, pi.

16.

Type-

isolated savannas of southern

icus (Laurenti)

1768 Caud sona terr f ica Laurenti, Systema Reptilium: 93Type-locality: "Habitat in America infra graduum elev. 45"; restricted through neotype designation tc Julio de Castilho, Munic'pio Taquari, Estado Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, by Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32, 1965 (1966), 147. 1936 Crotalus dur ssus terr f icus Klauber, Rattlesnakes, 1: 32. Type1957 Crotalus terr if icus crotam n icus Moura Conjalves, An. Acad. Bras. Cienc, 28: 3^5' Uncertain (original publication unseen by authors). locality: i

i

i

—

i

i

Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Parana, and SSo Paulo, Brazil; northern Distribution: Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.

Crotalus

(

Crotalus ) dur ssus tzabcan Klauber i

1952 Crotalus durissus tzabcan Klauber. Bull. Kantunil, Yucatan, Mexico.

Distribution:

Zool.

Soc.

San Diego, 26:

71-

Type-locality:

Yucatan, Mexico to northern El Peten, Guatemala and British Honduras.

77

CROTALUS

Crotalus

(

Crotalus ) durissus un icolor van Lidth

Type-locality: I887 Crotalus horr dus van. un icolor van Lidth, Notes Leyden Mus., 2 (8): 133Aruba Island, Dutch West Indies. Type-locality: ISO') Crotalus pulvis Ditmars, Ann. Rept. N. Y. Zool. Soc, 9 (I5O4): I55, pi. 20 mi inland from Managua, Nicaragua; "probably based on a specimen with erroneous locality", according to Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 32, I965 (1966), 14^. Brongersma, in Hummel inck, Studies on the Fauna of Curasao, 1540 Crotalus dur ssus un icolor Aruba, Bonaire and Venezuelan Islands, 2: 131j pl- 12. i

—

i

Distribution:

CROTALUS

(

Aruba

Island, Dutch West

Indies.

crotalus ) VEGRANDIS Klauber

1941 Crotalus veqrandis Klauber. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 9 (30): 334. Maturin Savannah, near Uracoa, Sotillo District, Monagas, Venezuela.

Distribution:

Southern parts of Estados Monagas and Anzoategui, Venezuela.

Type-locality:

78

REPTILIA:

SERPENTES

:

"^ "^ '^

COLUBRIDAE

CYCLAGRAS

CVCLAGRAS Cope 188S Cyclaqras Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. and Dumeril.

Distribution: Content:

Soc,

22:

I85.

Type-species:

Xenodon qiqas Dumeril. Bibron

As for single species.

One species.

Hoge, Pap. Avul. Dept. Zool. Sao Paulo, I3, 1558, 221, has used Le josophis Jan for this Reasons for using Cyclaqras in preference to Le josoph is are elaborated in a paper by one of us (Peters) to appear elsewhere.

Comment: taxon.

CYCLAGRAS GIGAS (Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril) I854 Xenodon qiqas Dumeril. Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. Gen., 7: Corrientes, Argentina. I885 Cyclaqras qiqas Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 22: I85.

761'

Type-locality;

—

Distribution:

Southern Brazil, eastern Bolivia, Paraguay and northern Argentina.

Provincia de

I

79

* "^

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

DENDROPHIDION

DENDROPHIDION Fitzinger 1843 Dendroph dion Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 26. Type-species: Herpetodryas dendrophis Schlegel. 1851 Dendroph dium Cope ( in error for Dendroph dion Fitzinger), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 1860: i

i

i

i

561.

1855 Cacocalyx Cope,

Distribution: Content:

Trans. Amer.

Soc,

Phil.

Mexico; Central America;

18:

Type-species:

2O5.

Drymob us percar Inatus Cope. i

northern South America.

Eight species.

Comment: This genus is currently under revision by one of us (Peters), and the arrangement shown here, which reflects the current state of the literature, will be rather thoroughly changed upon completion of the review.

Key to the species 1.

2.

3.

Subcaudals fewer than 175 Subcaudals more than 1/5

Clave de especies 2

dendroph

Dorsal pattern of stripes, spots or crossbands Dorsum generally unicoloi

5.

i

V

i

2.

6 4

5

i

n

i

*•

Dibujo dorsal con cintas, manchas, transver sales Tono general unicolor, sin dibujo Sin cintas paravertebrales anchas Con cintas paravertebrales anchas

Keels on more than middorsal scale row 7 Only middorsal scales with keel, and only posteriorly on body pauc icar Inatus

7.

No keels on

first three rows of dorsals

5-

6.

]

brunneus dorsals keeled, weakly on first row

dark

i

i

3

6

y y

oscuras oscuras i

v

i

.

Placa anal dividida Placa anal entera

yjn

Sinquillasen las primeras tres filas

de

i

i

Dunn

i

Distribution:

Known only from type locality.

tor

dor sales brunneus Todas las filas quilladas, d^bilmente la pr mera dark

Highlands of Colombia.

1944 Dendrophidion boshelli Dunn, Caldasia, 2 (lO): Caparrapi, Cund namarca, Colombia, 25O m.

i

Escamas quilladas en mas filas que la fila mediodorsal 7 Solo la fila mediodorsal es quillada en la parte posterior del cuerpo pauc icar inatus

ia.

DENDROPHIDION BOSHELL

ta tus

percar inatus

i

Distribution:

t

4

Con barras transversales, oscuras y anchas 5 Con una serie doble de manchas oscuras en cada lado de la I'nea vertebral boshell

I854 Leptoph s b -vi ttatus Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. Gen., 7: 54O. Type-locality: "New Grenada". I865 T.[ ropidonotus j subradiatus Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., 3: 227. Type-locality: Colombia. 1872 Herpetodryas tetrataenia Gunther, Ann. Mag, Nat. Hist., (4) 5: 23. Type-locality: Bogota,

Colomb

s

barras

DENDROPHIDION BIVITTATUS (Dumeril, Bibron and Dume'ril^ i

i

i

tor

6.

AH

2

dendroph

b

i

percar inatus v

3"

Subcaudales menos de ^75 Subcaudales mas de 175

ttatus

Distinct transverse dark bands Double row of dark spots on each side of middorsal line boshell Anal divided Anal entire

1.

s

3

Without broad, dark paravertebral stripes With broad, dark, paravertebral stripes b

4.

i

475.

Type-locality:

Volcanes, Municipio de

i

80

DENDROPHIDION

DENDROPHI DION BRUNNEUS (CSnther)

Type-locality: 18S8 Herpetodryas brunneus Gunther. Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus.: 116. 1560 DendroDhi dion brunneum Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 122: 51*-

Guayaquil, Ecuador.

—

Distribution:

DENDROPHIDION CLARK

Interandean valleys of Ecuador.

I

I

Dunn

iq?3 Dendrophidion dark de Anton, Panama.

Distribution:

i

i

Dunn. Occ.

Pap.

Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.,

8:

78.

Type-locality:

El

Valle

Panama.

DENDROPHIDION DENDROPHIS (Schlegel) "Cayenne". Type-locality: Herpetodryas dendrophis Schleqel. Essa Physion. Serpens, 2: I96. 1843 Dendroph dion dendroph s Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 26. Provincia Type-locality: I8A7 Herpetodryas aestivus Berthold. Abh. K. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen, 3: 11. Popayan, Colombia. Cayenne and Type-locality: I854 Herpetodryas Poi tei Dumeril, Bibron and Outneril, Erp. Gen., J: 208. El Peten, Guatemala. Caracas, Type-locality: 1863 Herpetodryas nuchal is Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I863: 285. Venezuela. 18'^7

i

—

i

i

.

Distribution:

Southern Central America and northern South America.

DENDROPHIDION PAUCICAR NATUS (Cope) I

1894 Drymobius pauc icar natus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., Candelaria, Bruno Carranza, Costa Rica. 19^^ Dendrophidion pauc icar natus Stuart, Copeia, 1933= 9' i

Distribution:

1894:

i

i

202.

Type-locality:

La

—

Southern Costa Rica and western Panama.

DENDROPHIDION PERCARINATUS (Cope) Type-locality; I893 Dryn'obius percarinatus Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 31= 3*^Aires, Costa Rica. Smith, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 5*: 73" 1941 [ Oendrophi dion ] percarinatus

Boruca and Buenos

—

Distribution:

Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama.

DENDROPHIDION VINITOR Smith 1941 Dendrophidion vinitor Smith, Proc. Guatemala.

Distribution:

Biol.

Soc. Washington,

5*'

Low and moderate elevations of Caribbean slope,

7^-

Type-locality:

Piedras Negras,

Veracruz, Mexico, to Panama.

81_

^

* *

REPTILlA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

"^

*

DIAPHOROLEPIS

DIAPHOROLEPIS Jan I863

D

iaphorolep

Distribution:

i

s

Jan, Elenco Sistema Of idi:

5^.

Type-species:

D

iaphorolep

i

s

Wagneri Jan.

Panama to Ecuador.

Content: Two species, according to most recent revision, by Bogert, Senckenberg iana Biol., 45, 1964.

Key to the species 1.

Clave de especies

Dorsal scales keeled; vertebral row b

icar ina te

1.

wagner laev is i

Dorsal scales smooth

Escamas dorsales quilladas; fila vertebral b icarenada wagner Escamas dorsales lisas laev is i

DIAPHOROLEPIS LAEVIS Werner 1923 Diaphorolepis laevis Werner, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 36=

I6O.

Type-locality:

Colombia.

Distribution: Species still known only from holotype, which lacks precise locality data.

DIAPHOROLEPIS WAGNERI Jan I863 D iaphorolep 1964 Diaphorolep

is is

Wagner Jan, Elenco Sistema Of idi: 98. Type-locality: Andes of Ecuador. wagneri Bogert, Senckenberg iana Biol., 45: 513> figs- 1, 3-7i

—

Distribution; Darien region of Panama to western Ecuador; one doubtful record from "Eastern Ecuador."

82 REPTILIA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

*••*

DIPSAS

DIPSAS Laurent! Dipsas J nd!ca Laurent!. Type-spec es: 1768 Dipsas Laurent!, Synops. Rept. : 85. Par!s, I3: 351. 1810 Bunqarus Oppel (partim; non Bunqarus Daudin I8O3), Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. none designated. Type-'spec es: C oluber bucephala Shaw. Type-species: 184S Pholidolaemus Fitzinqer. Syst. Rept., 1: 2/. D ipsas indica Laurenti. Type-species: *67. , Parrs, Sc Acad. Mem. Dumlril, 2J: . 1853 Di^sadomorus Mem. Acad. Sc . Pans, 2J: 46/. 1853 Leptoqnathus Dumeril (non Leptoqnathus Swainson 1839), none designated. Type-species: C oluber catesbeji Type-species: 18S^ Stremmatoqnathus Dumeril, Mem. Acad. Sc . Paris, 23: 468. Sentzen. Neopareas bicolor Gunther. Type-species: 1895 Neopareas Gunther, Biol. Centr. Amer. Rept.: 178. Heterorhach is Type-species: 1523 Heterorhachis Amaral, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, 8: 54. poecilolepsis Amaral. !

.

i

i

i

i

Tropical Mexico, Central America and South America.

Distribution:

and maxiUaris Werner) Content: 3I species, of which three ( eleqans (Soulenger), qaiqeae (Oliver), Mus. Zool. Univ. are extral im tal, according to the most recent revision, Py Peters, Misc. Publ. Mich., 114, I56O. i

Clave de especies

Key to the species 1.

Scale rows on body I7 or more group) Scale rows on body 15 or less

(

polylep

i

1.

s 2

Scale rows extremely variable over entire 3 body Scale rows consistent number from head to polylepis anus

3.

Ventrals 153 Ventrals 153

2.

3.

poec lolep peri janens i

Fig.

1.

s

i

7.

Paired chin shields present All chin shields posterior to labials tact single Subcaudals 100 or moreSubcaudals 39 °f less —

mental Mental

6 in

peri ianensis

7

contact behind

i

.

5.

contact with paired chin shields temporal

i

s

6

Con geneiales pares

Geneiales, posteriores al primer par labial en bicolor contacto, s imples6.

7. 8

de anchas bandts transversas pard* oscuras o negras, mis anchas que los interespac OS, completas (excepto »n temporal! s y vi qu ier ) co«o anillos a lo largo rojo en vida, del cuerpo; nterespac ios rosa amarillo en preservados (grupo art iculata 5 Fig. 1) 11 Diseflo dorsal no como el anterior

Diseflo dorsal

i

conbicolor

'

in

poecilolepis

Ventrales 153 Vent rales 153

i

-brevif ac ies in

Filas de escamas en nijmero extremadamente 3 variable a lo largo del cuerpo Filas de escamas constantes en numero de la pqlylepis cabeza al ano

.

Dorsal pattern of broad, dark-brown or black bands that are much wider than interspaces, and are couplet* (except in temporal is and vi qu ier ) across venter over length of body; interspaces pink or red in life, yellow in 5 preservative ( art iculata group, Fig. l) 11 Dorsal pattern not as above

At least one pair of labials

4

illustrative Dipsas brevifacies of art iculata group.

i

6.

2

s

i

4.

5.

)

4

2.

4.

mas filas (qrupo polvlepis menos filas-

Escamas en I7 Escamas en I5

Subcaudales 100 o mas Subcaudales 55 ° menos

7

brevifac ies

lo menos un par de labiales contacta atras de 8 la mentoneana Mentoneana en contacto con el par anterior A

geneial

temporal

is

—

83

DIPSAS

8.

8.

usually two postoculars; posterior interspaces not or lightly spotted

No preocular;

i

5

usually three postoculars; posterior interspaces heavily streaked and 10 spotted

One preocular;

5.

Preocular ausente; usualmente dos postoculares; muy nterespac ios posteriores no manchados levemente 3 Una preocular; usualmente tres postoculares; interespac ios posteriores densamente manchados 10 y lineados

Bands on posterior part of body twice as wide qrac 1 s as nters paces Bands on posterior part of body approximately art iculata equal to interspaces i

i

9.

Parte posterior del cuerpo con bandas dos veces qrac 1 s mas anchas que Ios interespacios Parte posterior del cuerpo con bandas de aprox imadamente igual ancho que Ios interart iculata espac OS i

i

i

i

10. Dorsum of head unicolor dark brown; upper labtenuiss ima ials e ight Dorsum of head spotted with white; upper labv qu eri ials nine or ten i

i

i

i

pattern of rounded, dark-brown or black blotches or saddles, interspaces tawny brown 12 group, Fig. 2) ( catesby Dorsal pattern not as above 15

11. Dorsal

i

ll.DiseHo dorsal de manchas redondeadas en forma de silla de montar, pardo oscuras o negras, interespacios en pardo tostado (grupo 12 catesbyi . Fig. 2) DiseRo dorsal no como el anterioi 15

-—13

scale rows I3Dorsal scale rows I5-

12. Dorsal

13.

lO.Cabeza dorsalmente unicolor, en pardo oscuro; tenu ss ima ocho supra lab iales Cabeza dorsalmente manchada de bianco; nueve v qu iefi diez supra lab iales

-

cope

i

12.Dorsales en I3 filasOorsales en I5 filas-

-

-

—

13

cope

i

14

Prefrontals two; dorsum of head unicoloi Prefrontals usually fused; dorsum of head variegated and streaked with white

13,Dos pref rontales; cabeza dorsalmente uni14

coloi

Prefrontales normalmente fusionadas; cabeza dorsalmente variegada y lineada en bianco

verm iculata

vertebral row than laterally; loreal does not enter eye catesbvi Blotches saddle-shaped, wider at vertebral row pavon ina than laterally; loreal enters eye

verm iculata

14, Blotches narrower at

14.

Manchas mas angostas a nivel de la Ifnea vertebral que lateralmente; loreal no llega el catesby jo Manchas en forma de silla de montar, mas anchas a nivel de la linea vertebral que lateralpavon na mente; loreal llega al ojo i

15. Dorsal blotches triangular or lozenge-shaped, usually widest at ventrals, with yellow spot between corners of blotches at ventrals 16 group. Fig. 3) ( indica 17 Dorsal pattern not as above

Fig.

2.

illustrative D psa s ca tesby . group. of catesby

romboidales dorsales triangulares usualmente mas anchas a nivel ventral, con mancha amarilla entre ellas, a 9Se nivel (qrupo indica. Fig. 3) DiseRo dorsal no como el anterioi

15. Manchas

Fig.

i

i

i

3-

D ipsas

16. Scale rows

I5

Scale rows I3, often reducing to 11-

i

of

i

nd ica c st ceps nd ca group. i

i

i

.

nd ica

17

illustrative

i

16. Dorsales en -i

^^

15 filas Dorsales en I3 filas; duccion a 11

f recuentemente

nei va con re-

i

ind ca i

17. Dorsal ground color of light browns and tans,

with narrow blotches that are higher than wide, and much narrower than interspaces (at least posteriorly), interspaces streaked, spotted or stippled throughout ( varieqata 18 group, Fig. 4) 21 Dorsal pattern not as above

17. Dorsalmente pardo claro bronceado, con manchas

angostas, mas altas que anchas, mucho mas angostas que Ios interespacios (por lo menos poster ormente) , interespacios lineados, manchados o punteados (grupo varieqata .Fig. 4)-18 21 DiseRo dorsal no como el anterior i

——

84

DIPSAS

Fig.

4.

Dipsas albifrons . illustrative of var egata group.

Fig.

5-

i

18. Two or more pairs of labials

mental Single pair of labials mental

in

contact 19

contact behind

in

incerta

IJ.Dorsum of head unicolor light tan or with poorly defined darker spots on parietals 20

Dorsum of head with dark-brown spot clearly defined on parietal and occipital region, sutures of head scales outlined in brown varieqata brown spot present on tips of ventrals and first scale rows, alternating with dorsal varieqata blotches Spots in interspaces absent or poorly defined, never prom inent alb f pons

20. Small

i

21. Dorsal blotches wider than

interspaces, little contrast between them, centers of blotches often considerably lightened, so that blotch resembles paired ellipses ( oreas group, Fig. (

pratt

i

group)

illustrative

m^s pares de labiales en contacto detras 18. Dos 1? de mentoneana Un unico par de labiales en contacto detras de

mentoneana

i

ncerta

15.Cabeza dorsalmente unicolor en bronceado palido con manchas oscuras poco definidas'en parie20 tales Gabeza dorsalmente con manchas pardo-oscuras bien definidas sobre la region parietal y occipital, suturas de escamas cef5l icas varieqata lineadas en pardo 20. Con pequeflas manchas pardas en el Ifmite lateral de las ventrales y primeras filas de escamas, alternando con las manchas dorsales

varieqata pobreManchas de los interespac ios ausentes alb if rons mente definidas, nunca prominentes 2l'Manchas dorsales mas anchas que los interespaclos, con poco contraste entresf; centros de las manchas f recuentemente cons derablemente mas claros, con manchas que recuerdan un 22 par de parentesis (grupo oreas . Fig. 5) Coloracion no como la anterior (grupo pratti i

22

5)

Color not as above

Dipsas ellipsifera . of oreas group.

23

—

)

23 22. Manchas dorsales con centros muy claros; que recuerdan un par de parentesis; geneiales

22. Centers of do rsal blotches very light, so that blotch resem bles paired ellipse s on all in-

dividuals; c hin heavily spotted ; venter with two parallel dark streaksj vent rals often less than 170, su bcaudals less than 80-- ell ips if era Centers of do rsal blotches light ened only in adults, not in juveniles, and n ever so light that the bio tch resembles pa ire d ellipses; chin not or sparsely spotted; v enter with large rectan gular blotches betw een ends of ne ighbor ing dorsal blotches; ve ntrals more than 175; su bcaudals more than 75 oreas 24 23.Loreal enters orbit; no suboculars Loreal does not enter orbit; suboculars present sanct joannis i

24. Ventrals

177 °'~ moreVentrals I76 or less-

25 - pratt

25. Dorsum of head not unicolor, spotted Dorsum of head unicolor, not spotted

i

26 27

26. Dorsum of head reddish-brown with black spot-

ting boettqeri Dorsum of head black with yellow spotting schunki i

densamente manchados; vientre con dos bandas oscuras y paralelas; ventrales f recuentemente menos de 170, subcaudales menos de 80 ellipsifera Centros de manchas dorsales claros solo en adultos, no en juveniles, nunca tan claros como en las manchas que recuerdan un par de parentesis; geneiales no manchadas o con manchas esparcidas; vientre con grandes manchas rectangulares ubicadas entre los nac im ientos de las dorsales; ventrales mas de 175> subcaudaoreas les m^s de 179 24 23. Loreal conforma la orbita; sin suboculares Loreal no conforma la orbita; con suboculares sanct ioann is i

24. Ventrales 177 ° "'^^

Ventrales I76

menos-

25.Cabeza dorsalmente no unicolor, manchada Cabeza dorsalmente unicolor, no manchada

25 -

pratt

i

26 27

26.Cabeza dorsalmente pardo rojiza con manchas boettqeri negras Cabeza dorsalmente negra con manchas amarillasschunk i

i

,

85

DIPSAS

27.A11 dorsal blotches fail to meet on venter; usually less than two pairs of labials in contact behind mental 28 First few dorsal blotches fused ventrally; usually two pairs of labials in contact behind mental lat if asc iata 28. Anterior body blotches

twice as wide as lighter interblotch area lat frontal is Anterior body blotches approximately the same width as light interblotch areas peruana i

27.Ninguna mancha dorsal se fusiona ventralmente; f recuentemente menos de dos pares de labiales 28 en contacto detras de la mentoneana Pocas de las primeras manchas dorsales fusionadas ventralmente; f recuentemente dos pares de labiales en contacto detras de la men-- lat if asc iata toneana 28. Manchas anteriores doblemente anchas que

—

inter

espacios claros lat frontal is Manchas anteriores de aprox imadamente igual peruana ancho al de los interespac ios claros i

DIPSAS ALBIFRONS (Sauvage) varieqata group Brazil. Type-locality: 1884 Dipsadomorus albif rons Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (/) 8: 145. I5O8 Pi psas albif rons- Mocquard in Dumeril & Bocourt, Miss. Sc . Mex. J: S')] llha da Type-locality; 1950 Dipsas albif rons cavalheiroi Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 22: 154. Queimada Grande, Sao Paulo, Brazil. 1960 Dipsas albifrons Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Eool. Univ. Mich., 114: 121.

—

i

—

Known from Estados de Santa Catarina and SSo Paulo, Brazil; also reported from Distribution: Paraguay and Mate Grosso, Brazil.

DIPSAS ARTICULATA (Cope) art iculata group 1868 Leptoqnathus art iculata Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 1868: 135' Type-locality: "Costa Rica" (actually in Panama). Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) 18: 206. 1526 Jbipsas articulata ] 1%0 mpsas articulata Peters. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. ,Univ. Mich., 114: 33. i

Veraguas,

— —

Distribution:

Lower elevations on Atlantic and Pacific slopes, Costa Rica and Panama.

DIPSAS BICOLOR (Gunther) art iculata group

Chontales mine, Type-locality: 1895 Neopareas bicolor Gunther. Biol. Centr. Amer., Rept.: 1/8. N icaragua. 1926 Dipsas b icolor l— Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., {5) 18: 206. Jalapa, Nueva Type-locality: 1554 Wopareas tricolor Brattstrom and Howell, Herpetologica, 10: 120. Segovia, Nicaragua. I960 Dipsas bicolor Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. UMv. Mich., 114: 36. ["

—

Distribution:

Pacific slopes of southern Nicaragua and northern Costa Rica.

DIPSAS BOETTGERI (Werner) pratt group i

1501 Leptoqnathus boettqeri Werner, Abh. Ber. Konigl. Zool. Anthropol. -Ethnol. Mus. Dresden, 5' H* Chanchamayo, Peru. Type-locality: Beni Type-locality: 1909 Leptoqnathus boliviana Werner. Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 26: 240. River, Bolivia. Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: 98. 1960 Dipsas boettqeri

—

Distribution:

Andean slopes of southern Peru and northern Bolivia.

5

i

86

DIPSAS

___^

DIPSAS BREVIFACIES (Cope) art iculata group 1866 Tropidodipsas brevifacies Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc!. Phila.. 1866; r27. Type-locality: Yucatan. 1884 Dipsadomorus fasciatus Bocourt, Bul,l. Soc. Philom. Paris, (7) 8: 135> Type-locality: Yucatan. Leptoqnathus torquatus Cope (substitute name for Dipsadomorus fasciatus Bocourt ) , Proc. Amer. 188 Philos. Soc, 22: I72. Parker, Ann. Mag. Hat. Hist., (5) 18: 206. 1526 [Pipsas brevifacies] 1560 D ipsas brevifac ie& Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zoai» Univ. Mich., 114: 38.

—

—

Distribution:

Yucatan Peninsula to British Honduras on east and Carmen

Island on west.

DIPSAS CATESBYI (Sentzen) catesby group i

Sentzen (typographical error), Meyer's Zool. Arch., 2: 66. 1796 Coluber catesbe Type-locality: "Wahrsche inl ich Amerika". 1827 Pipsas catesbyi Boie, Isis von Oken, 20: 56O. ?19*7 Sibynomorphus macedoi Prado & Hoge, Ciencia, Mexico, 8:180. Type-locality: Pucallpa, Loreto Province, Peru. Peters, Amer. Mus. Novitates, 1783: 2. 1956 Pipsas catesbyi i

i

—

—

Amazonas region of South America, from Andean slopes of Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia to coast of Venezuela and British Guiana, and through northern half of Brazil.

P istri but ion:

PIPSAS COPEI (Gunther) catesby group i

I872 Leptoqnathus Copei Gunther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) 9; 3O. Type-locality: Suri nam". Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: 58. i960 Pipsas cope i

P

i

str ibut ion:

"Probably from

—

Guianas and southern Venezuela.

PIPSAS ELLIPSIFERA (Boulenger) oreas group 1898 Leptoqnathus ellipsifera Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, I898: II7. Ecuador. 1960 Pipsas ellipsifera Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 114: 87.

Type-locality:

Ibarra,

—

Pi

str but ion: i

Known only from higher Andean slopes, western Ecuador.

PIPSAS GRACILIS (Boulenger) art iculata group 1902 Leptoqnathus gracilis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) 9: 57. Type-locality: San Javier, Ecuador. 1920 Leptoqnathus hammondii Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) 6: 110. Type-locality: Guatea, western Ecuador. 1925 Sibynomorphus macrostomus Amaral, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 67: 9. Type-locality: Ecuador. i960 Pipsas gracilis Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114; 44.

—

Pistr ibut ion:

Northwestern Ecuador.

PIPSAS INCERTA (jan) var ieqata group I863 Leptoqnathus ncertus Jan, Elenco Sist. Ofid.: 101. Type-locality: French Guiana. 1885 Leptoqnathus alternans Fischer, Jahrb. Wiss. Anat. Hamburg, 2: IO5. Type-locality: "Angeblich aus Santos". Type-locality; Utinga, 1923 Sibynomorphus harbour Amaral, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, 8: 92. Alagoas, Brazil. Type-locality: Colonia Hansa, 1923 Sibynomorphus qarbe Amaral, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, 8: 93' Santa Catarina, Brazil. 1935 Pipsas incerta Parker, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1935: 527. i960 Pipsas incerta Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: I27. i

i

— —

P istr ibut ion:

Southeastern coastal area of Brazil, from Espfrito Santo to Santa Catarina.

=

-

87

DIPSAS

DIPSAS INOICA Laurent! ind ica group "Ceylon"; des!gnated by Peters, Type-local ty: 1768 Dipsas indica Laurent!. Synops. Rept.: ')0. M!sc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Un!v. M!ch., 114: 68, as the Amazonian region of South America. !

South America north of the Tropic of Capricorn.

Distribution:

Content: Four subspecies, according to the latest revision by Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114, I56O.

Clave de subespecies

Key to the subspecies 1.

Dorsum of head unicolor light brown, or with three or four dark brown spots on posterior head shields (frontals, 2 parietals, and occipitals) Dorsum of head darker brown, strongly variegated with black and yellow or white 3

2.

Spots on posterior head plates absent or small, occupying less than one quarter of bucephala each scale Spots on posterior head plates large, occupying almost entire area of each scale— cist iceps

3. "

Occipital region not streaked, may be ..^ 1 \, J 1 u ji broadly blotch first dorsal ui spotted, ' J ... -Jnd ica fused along middorsal line ... : ^ -1 Jn i streaked. Occipital region longitudinally first dorsal blotch separated by light , J is ecuadorens line at vertebrals .

1.

.

,

,

1.

Cabeza dorsalmente unicolor en pardo claro, con tres cuatro manchas pardo oscuras sobre los escudos posteriores (frontal, parietales y occipitales) 2 Dorso de la cabeza pardo oscuro, fuertemente manchado en negro y amarillo bianco 3

2.

Manchas de placas posteriores de la cabeza, ausentes pequeRas, ocupando menos de un cuarto de cada escama bucephala Manchas de placas posteriores de la cabeza ocupando casi enteramente la superficie de cada escama cist iceps

„ 3-

j _•„:! i no lineada, d„-:4„ ij Region occipital aunque puede r , ser punteada, primera mancha dorsal am'. ,. pliamente fusionada al nivel de la linea vertebral nd ica d»„;x„ j 1 ;„:i i in i Region „^ occipital lineada long -i.tudj-inalmente. j u j primera mancha dorsal separada a nivel vertebral por una 1 fnea clara ecuadorens is

,

— 1

1

1

.

—

'^

,

D

ipsas

ind ica

I960 Dipsas

i

,

ipsas

•

^

^

f.

,.,,,,, j

1

.

1

•,

nd ica Laurenti

indica

Distribution:

D

;;

=>

indica

— Peters.

Amazon drainage

in

Misc.

Publ. Mus.

Zool.

Univ.

Mich., 114: 67.

Brazil, Colombia, British Guiana, Ecuador and Peru.

indica bucephala (Boettger)

1802 Coluber bucephalus Shaw, Gen. Zool., 3: 42£. Type-locality: Ceylon; restricted by Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: 73, to Brazil. 1S60 Dipsas indica bucephala Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: 73.

—

Distribution:

Dipsas indica

c ist

Southeastern Brazil;

Misiones, Argentina.

iceps (Boettger)

188S Leptoqnathus ( Oi psadomorus ) cist iceps Boettger, Zeit. Naturwiss., 58; 237. Typelocality: Paraguay. 1914 Dipsas cisticeps Bertoni, Descr. Fis. Econom. Paraguay, 5?: 29. 1S60 Dipsas indica cisticeps Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: 78.

—

Distribution:

—

Bolivia and Paraguay.

Dipsas ind ica ecuadorensis Peters i960 Dipsas indica ecuadorensis Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: 81. Typelocality: Rfo Solis, Cabeceras del Rfo Bobonaza, 14 km east southeast of Puyo, Pastaza Province, Ecuador.

Distribution:

Amazonian drainage of Ecuador.

i

88

DIPSAS

DIPSAS LATIFASCIATA (Boulenger) Pratt group i

Type-locality: 191^ Leptoqnathus lat if asc iatus Boulanger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (s) 12: 72. Maraflon, Eastern Peru. Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: 100. 1960 Dipsas latifasciata

Upper

—

Amazonian slopes of Andes of northern Peru and extreme southern Ecuador.

Distribution:

DIPSAS LATIFRONTALIS (Boulenger) Pratt group i

Type-locality: Leptoqnathus lat if rontal is Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 15= 561Aricagua, Estado Merida, Venezuela, 1000 m. Type-locality: 1909 Leptoqnathus praeornata Werner, Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 26: 240. Venezuela. El Topo, Type-locality: 1512 Leptoqnathus palmer Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (s) 10: 422, Rio Pastaza, Ecuador. 1960 Dipsas latifrontalig Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: IO3. 190')

—

Lower Amazonian slopes from Venezuela to southern Ecuador.

Distribution:

DIPSAS NEIVAI Amaral indica group

Type-locality: 1926 Dipsas neivai Amaral. Arch. Mus. Nac. Brasil, 26: 14. Braz 1. Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: 85. 1960 Dipsas neivai

Caratinga, Minas Geraes,

—

i

Caratinga (Minas Geraes) and Catu (Bahia) Brazil.

Distribution:

DIPSAS OREAS (Cope) oreas group

1868 Leptoqnathus oreas Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila. 1868: IO5. Type-locality: "From the elevated valley of Quito," Ecuador; locality questioned by Peters, Rev. Ecuat. Entom. Parasit., i

2, 1955, 347I856 Leptoqnathus andiana Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 3' *52. Type-locality: (locality questioned by Peters, Rev. Ecuat. Entom. Parasit., 2, 1955> 3*7* 1934 Dipsas mikanii oreas Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (lO) 14: 27I. 1960 Dipsas oreas- Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: 52.

—

—

Distribution:

Quito, Ecuador;

Higher parts and western slopes of Ecuadorian Andes.

DIPSAS PAVONINA Schlegel catesby group i

Type-locality: 1837 Dipsas pavonina Schlegel, Essai Physion. Serpens, 2: 280. "Guyanes". i960 Dipsas pavon na Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114; 61. i

apparently from

—

Distribution: Guianas and Venezosla to Para, Brazil, and to Amazonian slopes of Andes; Colombia to Bolivia on eastern slope.

DIPSAS PERIJANENSIS Aleman, new combination 1953 Tropidodipsas peri ianensis Aleman, Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. La Salle, I3 (35): 217, fig. locality: Jamayau ja na. Sierra de Perija, Estado Zulia, Venezuela, I7OO m. i

Distribution:

Region of Perija, Zulia, Venezuela.

Type-

I

89

DIPSAS

DIPSAS PERUANA (Boettger) Pratt group i

1898 Leptoqnathus peruana Boettger, Kat. Rept.-Samml. Mus. Senck. Nat. Ges., 2: 128. Type-locality: Santa Ana, Cuzco Province, Peru. peruanus- Schmidt & Walker, Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 24; 288. 1543 Dipsas m ikan i960 Pi psas peruana Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: 110. i

Distribution:

i

—

—

Eastern slopes of Andes

southern Peru.

in

DIPSAS POECILOLEPIS (Amaral) polylep s group i

s poecllolepsis Amaral (typographical error), Proc. New England Zool. Club, Type-locality: Villa Bomfim, Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil. 1360 Dipsas poecilolepis Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich-, 114: 55.

1523 Heterorhach

i

8:

')i.

—

Distribution:

Known only from the type locality.

DIPSAS POLYLEPIS (Boulenger) polylep s group i

1912 Leptoqnathus polvlepis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (b) 10: 422. Type-locality: Huancabamba, Peru, above 3OOO ft. i960 Dipsas polylepis Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: 96.

—

Distribution:

Known only from the typ« locality.

DIPSAS PRATT (Boulenger) Pratt group I

i

1897 Leptoqnathus Pratti Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) 20: 523. Type-locality: Medell'n, Colomb ia. 1899 Leptoqnathus triseriatus Cope. Mus. Sc . Bull., 1: I3. Type-locality: Colombia. 1916 L^eptoqnathus n igriceps Werner, Zool. Anz., 47: 3O9. Type-locality: CaRon del Tolima, Colombia. 1926 Jbipsas prattn Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) 18: 206. 1940 itipsas nicefor'ii Prado. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 14: 14. Type-locality: Quindfo, Colo:mb ia. 1941 Dipsas tolimensis Prado. Ciencia, Mexico, 2: 345. Type-locality: Tolima, LTbano, Colombia. i960 Dipsas pratti Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: 112. i

—

—

Distribution:

Cordillera Central

in

Colombia.

DIPSAS SANCTIJOANNIS (Boulenger) pratt group i

1911 Leptoqnathus sanct i- joannis Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 24. 7: Type-locality Pueblo Rico, slopes of San Juan River, Choco, Colombia, 5200 ft. 1916 Leptoqnathus sanct i- iohannis Werner (substitute name for Leptoqnathus sanct i- joannis Boulenger), Zool. Anz., 47: 310. 1941 Sibynomorphus caucanus Rendahl & Vestergren, Ark. for Zool., (a) 33: 11. Type-locality: Munchique, Cauca, Colombia. I960 Dipsas sanct joannis Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: II5.

—

i

Distribution:

Slopes of Cordillera Occidental

in

Colombia; also recorded from Medellfn.

DIPSAS SCHUNKI (Boulenger) pratt group i

I9O8 Leptoqnathus schunkii Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (b) 1: I15. Type-locality: Chanchamayo, Peru. 1922 Leptoqnathus schuncki Werner (substitute name for Leptoqnathus schunki Boulenger), Arch. Naturgesch., (a) 8: I97. 1 [Dipsas 1926 schunki Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) 18: 206. I960 Uipsas schunkei Peters, Misc. Publ., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: 11^ i

i

— — i

Distribution: 368-492 f)— 70

Amazonian slopes of Andes 7

in

Peru.

—

90

DIPSAS

DIPSAS TEMPORALIS (Werner) art iculata group

Type-locality: 1909 Lectognathus temporalis Werner, Mitt. Maturhist. Mus. Hamburg, 26: 241. Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Condoto, Type-locality: 191^ Leptoqnathus spurrelli Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1513- 1^3^' Pefla Lisa, Choco, Colombia. 1960 Dipsas temporalis- Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114; 50Distribution:

Pacific coast of South America

in

Ecuador and Colombia; Atlantic coast of Panama.

DIPSAS TENUISSIMA Taylor art culata group i

Type-locality: 1554 Dipsas tenuissima Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 26: 7/1. swamp , approximately I5 km WSW of San Isidro del General, Costa Rica. Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: 52. 1960 Dipsas tenuissima

On Dominical Road

in

—

Distribution:

Panama and Costa Rica.

DIPSAS VARIEGATA (Oumeril, Bibron and Dumeril) var eqata group i

I854 Leptoqnathus varieqatus Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. Gin., 1918 Dipsas varieqata Gomes, Rev. Mus. Paulista, 10: 525-

—

Distribution: Content:

Surinam.

Type-locality:

Three subspecies, according to Peters, I96O, Misc. Pub. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114.

Clave de subespecies

Dorsum of head with dark-brown spot clearly defined on parietal and occipital region, sutures of head scales outlined in brown-2 Dorsum of head unicolor light or with poorly defined darker spots on parietals tr

2.

^77'

Panama and northern South America.

Key to the subspecies 1.

7=

i

n

i

tat is

Dark-brown spots on head unite on frontals to form U-shaped mark, posterior tips of "U" often fused to first dorsal blotch n

ichols

i

Dark-brown spots on head not fused on frontal, do not extend to first dorsal blotch varieqata

Dorso de la cabeza con manchas pardo oscuras claramente definidas sobre la region parietal y occipital; suturas de escamas cefalicas lineadas en pardo 2 Dorso de la cabeza unicolor en tostado claro, con puntos oscuros pobremente definidos sobre las parietales tr n tat is

—

i

i

Manchas pardo oscura dorso cefalicas unidas, formando sobre la zona frontal, una U, cuya parte posterior f recuentemente se fusiona a la primera mancha dorsal n

icholsi

Manchas pardo oscuras, dorso cefalicas no unidas sobre la zona frontal y no extendiendose hasta la primera mancha dorsal varieqata

Dipsas varieqata varieqata (Dumeril, Bibron and Oumeril) 1523 Leptoqnathus robusta L. Muller, Zool. Anz., 57' 155' Type-locality: East Ecuador. I960 Dipsas varieqata varieqata Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: I32.

—

Distribution:

Dipsas varieqata

Venezuela, Guianas, Ecuador, and Peru.

n

ichols

i

(Ounn)

1933 Sibynomorphus nicholsi Dunn, Copeia, 1933= 193' Type-locality: mid-basin of Chagres River and mouth of Pequeni River, Panama. I960 Dipsas varieqata nicholsi Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: I37.

—

Distribution:

Atlantic side of Panama to northwestern Ecuador.

.

91

DIESAS

D

ipsas var ieqata tr

i

n

i

ta

t

i

s

Parker

Type-locality: 1526 Dipsas trinitatis Parker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (5) 18: 206. Trinity Hill Reserve, Trinidad. 1960 Dipsas varieqata trinitatis Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., Ill: 135-

—

Distribution:

Island of Trinidad.

DIPSAS VERMICULATA Peters catesby group i

1560 Dipsas vermiculata Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., Chichirota, Lower Rfo Bobonaza, Pastaza Province, Ecuador.

114:

65.

Type-locality:

Amazonian Ecuador and northeastern Peru.

Distribution:

DIPSAS VIGUIERI (Bocourt) art iculata group 1884 Leptoqnathus v qu er Bocourt, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (7) 8: I36. Dari^n, Panama. 1926 jDipsas viquieri] —^Parker. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (9) 18: 206. Peters, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 114: ^i i960 [Tipsas vi qu er i

i

Distribution:

i

i

i

—

Pacific coast of Panama.

Type-locality:

Isthmus of.

92

***

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

DITAXODON

DITAXODON Hoge 1558

Pi

taxodon Hoge, Mitt. Zool. Mus. taen ia tus Hensel.

Distribution:

Content:

Berlin, Ji (l):

5*>

figs.

5~7'

Type-species:

Ph

i

lodryas

Southern Brazil.

One species.

DITAXODON TAENIATUS (Hensel) 1868 Philodrvas taeniatus Hensel. Grande do Sul, Brazil. 1558 Ditaxodon taeniatus

Distribution:

—Hoge,

Arcli.

Mitt.

Southern Brazil.

fiir

Zool.

Naturg., 1868:

Mus,

331'

Berlin, 34 (l):

Type-locality:

54,

figs.

5-7.

Porto Alegre, Rio

*

.

93_

REPTILIA: SERPENTES

:

COLUBRIDAE .

Prepared by Joseph

Bailey,

R.

* "^ * * .

.

.

—

DREPANOIDES

.

—

.

Duke University, Durham, North Carolina

DREPANOIDES Dunn I856 Drepanodon Peracca (preoccupied by Drepanodon Nesti, 1826), Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, 11 (231): 3Type-species: Cloel ia anomala Jan. 1528 Drepano des Dunn (substitute name for Drepanodon Peracca), Bull. Antivenin Inst. Amer,, 2: 22. Cloel ia anomala Jan. Type-species: Type-species: Pseudoclel ia 1541 Pseudoclelia Rendahl and Vestergren, Ark. for Zool., 33* (5)' 10. guttata Rendahl and Vestergren. i

Distribution: Content:

As for single species.

One species.

There is a possibility that the species Arrhyton quenselii Andersson, I5OI, belongs here, Drepanodon eatoni omitted until additional information on the species is available. Ruthven is a synonym of Oxyrhopus marcapa tae Boulenger.

Comment: but

it

is

DREPANOIDES ANOMALUS (jan) Type-locality; Originally given by Jan as I863 Cloel ia anomala Jan, Elenco Sist. Of idi, 1863: 92> "Amer. Merid." and "Brasile", but modified to "Amer. Merid." only by Jan, Icon. Gen. Ophid., I87O. Livr. 35, pi. 1, fig. 4; Peracca, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, I856, 11 (231)* 5> states that the bottle containing the type at NeuchStel includes a label saying "Perou-Voyage Tschudi". I896 Drepanodon anomalus Peracca, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, 11 (231): 3. I836 Drepanodon as t gma t icus Peracca, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, 11 (231): 5Typelocality: Iquitos, Peru. Rfo Type-locality: 19*1 Pseudoclel ia guttata Rendahl and Vestergren, Ark. for Zool., 33* (5)' 10. Pastaza between Rfo Puyo and Rfo Copataza, Ecuador.

—

i

Distribution:

Central Bolivia north to southern Colombia along Andean front.

94

*

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

"^

DROMICUS

CROMICUS Bibron

Type-species: 1843 Dromicus Bibron, in de la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, Spanish Ed., 4: I33. Drom icus anqul if er Bibron. Taeniophls tant illus Type-species: 1854 Taeniophis Girard. Proc. Acad. Nat. So . Phila., 1854: 227. i

G irard.

1855 Pachyurus Philippi, An. Univ. Chile, 104:

72I.

Type-species:

None given.

Pacific slopes of South America, between Peru and Chile, possibly Ecuador, Galapagos Distribution: Islands and Antilles. About 20 species, several of them with large numbers of subspecies; most extralimital Content: Antilles and Galapagos Islands; only four species occur in the area covered by this work.

Clave de especies

Key to the species 1.

Dorsal pattern not made up of two longitudinal 2 series of dark spots fused anteriorly Dorsal pattern of two longitudinal series of dark spots, fused anteriorly tachymeno des

1.

Dorsal pattern with a middorsal black stripe only one scale row wide 3 Dorsal pattern with one longitudinal dark band cham sson s at least five scale rows wide

2.

i

i

del ancho una escama 3 Diseno dorsal con una cinta parda que ocupa por lo menos cinco filas de escamas-cham sson is

Diseiio dorsal con cinta negra media <^6

i

i

Diseno no formado por dos hileras de manchas 2 oscuras dorsales fusionadas anter ormente Diseiio dorsal con dos hileras de manchas oscuras fusionadas anter ormente- tachymeno des i

i

2.

in

i

3.

Fewer than 155 ventrals More than 135 ventrals

anqust

1

i

inca nea tus

i

3-

Menos de 155 ventrales Mas de 135 ventrales

inca

anqust

i

1

i

neatus

DROMICUS ANGUST ILINEATUS Schmidt and Walker 1543 Dromicus anqust ilineatus Schmidt and Walker, Zool. Ser. Field. Mus. Nat. Hist., 24: 3O8. locality: Toquepala, Tacna, Peru. 1566 Drom cus anqust 1 neatus Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 415i

i

Distribution:

Type-

—

i

Arica valley, Chile; southwestern Peru, from near sea level to about 10,000 ft.

DROMICUS CHAMISSONIS (Wiegmann) I835 Coronella Cham isson s Wiegmann, Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol., 1/: locality: Tollo, Chile. Physiog. Serpens, 2: 218, pi. 8, I837 Psammophis temminckii Schlegel, Essa Valparafso, Chile. locality: I854 Taeniophis tantillus Girard. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854: 227. Chile. I867 Drom icus cham isson s Ste ndachner, Reise Novara, Rept.: 65. I833 L oph s luctuosa Philippi, An. Univ. Chile, 104: 723Type-locality: 1566 Drom icus cham sson s Donoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: 415, pl* 32. i

i

i

i

i

i

Distribution:

DROMICUS

i

—

246, pi.

figs.

13.

14-15.

Type-locality:

Type-

Type-

Santiago,

i

—

Between 27°S and 41°S

in

None given.

Chile.

INCA Schmidt and Walker

1543 Dromicus inca Schmidt and Walker, Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 24: Cajamarca, Departamento de Cajamarca, Peru.

Distribution:

Known from type locality only.

325.

Type-locality:

95

DROMICUS

DROMICUS TACHYMENOIDES Schmidt and Walker 19«3 Prom icus tachymeno des Schmidt and Walker, ?ool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 24: locality: Chucurapf, near Mollendo, Departamento Arequipa, Peru. 1566 Prom icus tachymeno des- Ponoso-Barros, Reptiles de Chile: A21, pi. 32. i

i

P

i

str but on: i

i

3O5.

Type-

—

Extreme northern Chile and southern coastal Peru, from sea level to 10,000 ft.

—

96

**

SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

REPTILIA:

DRYMARCHON

ORYMARCHON FItzinger 1843 Drvmarchon Fitzinger, Syst. Rept.: 26. Type-species; Coluber corais Boie. 1853 Georgia Baird and Girard, Cat. N. Amer. Rept.: 92. Type-species: Coluber couperi Holbrook. 1867 Geoptyas Ste indachner, Sitz. Math. -Naturwiss. Kl.Akad. Wiss. Wien, 55 (l) 27I, pi. 3, figs. 1-]. Type-species: None designated. ;

Distribution: Content:

From southern United States to northern Argentina.

One widely ranging species.

DRYMARCHON CORAIS (Bole) 1827 Coluber corais Boie, s s. von Oken, 182/: 537* Type-locality: America. I855 [ Drymarchon corais j Stejneger, North Amer. Fauna, 14: ]0,

—

Distribution: Content: 1 im

!

I

i

From United States to northern Argentina.

Eight subspecies, three

(

erebennus Cope, couperi Holbrook and orizabensis Ouges) extra-

tal.

Key to the subspecies 1.

2.

3.

Clave de subespecies

Dorsal pattern uniformly black Dorsum with some pattern, not uniformly black Tail and venter not reddish Tail and venter reddish

2

1.

Dorso enteramante negro Dorso no enteramente negro-

2.

Cola Cola

3

cora is rub dus

Dorsal pattern light brown at least 4 anteriorly Dorsal pattern black with irregular grey transverse bands, dim or indistinct anteriorly, more prominent posteriorly and on tail marqar tae

3.

Dorsal pattern uniform light brownish

4.

Dorsal pattern in dark brown more intensive on posterior third of body and entire i

melanurus

1

Drymarchon cora

is

I867 Geoptyas

f

cora

is

vientre no rojizos vientre rojizos

— cora IS -rub dus i

pardo claro por lo menos 4 anteriormente Diseno dorsal negro con bandas transversas irregulares grises, difusa indistinta anteriormente, mas prominente en la parte posterior y en la cola marqar tae

Disefio dorsal

i

un icolor

ta

y

i

i

4.

y

DiseRo dorsal en pardo claro uniforme un icolor pardo oscuro mas intense en el tercio posterior del cuerpo y toda la cola melanurus

Disefio dorsal

en

(Soie)

lavi ventris Ste ndachner, SItz. Math. -Naturwiss. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 55 (l)' Type-localities: Cijyaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil, and Rio Vaupes, 4, figs. 1-4. which may be either Colombia or Brazil (where it is spelled Uaupes). i

272, pi.

—

I855 [ Drymarcho n cora is cora is j Stejneger, North Amer. Fauna, 14: 70* 1923 Phrynonax anqulifer Werner. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 36: l62. Type-locality: Braz il.

Distribution: Tobago.

Drvmarchon cora

is

Joinville,

Amazonian and Paraguayan basins; from Venezuela to Argentina; Trinidad and

marqari tae Roze

1359 Drvmarchon marqaritae Roze, Nov. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. La Salle, Venezuela, Ser. Zool., Type-locality: 25: 1. Near San Francisco de Macanao, Isla Margarita, Venezuela. 1964 Drymarchon corais marqaritae- Roze, Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. La Salle, Venezuela, 69: 222.

—

Distribution:

Known only from western Margarita

Island, Venezuela.

>

97

DRYMARCHON

Orymarchon corais melanurus (Oumeril, Bibron and Dumeril) Type-locality: 1854 Spilotes melanurus Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. G^n., ]: 224. Mex ico. I867 Geoptvas collarls Ste ndachner, Sitz. Ma th.-Naturw ss. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 55 {^) Type-locality: Brazil. 271, pi. 3, figs. 4-7. 1855 Drymarchon cora is melanurus Stejneger, North Amer. Fauna, 14: y''1511 Drymarchon cora is melanocercus Smith (substitute name for melanurus Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril), Jour. Washington Acad. Sc . , Jl: 473' i

i

—

i

Distribution: Pacific slopes of Colombia and Ecuador; Northern Venezuela; Central America to Veracruz, Mexico, on Atlantic Slope and to Nicaragua on Pacific Slope.

Drymarchon cora

i

s

rub dus Smith i

Type-locality: is rubidus Smith, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 3I: 474. Rosario, Sinaloa, Mexico. Type-locality: isla Maria Cleofa, 1542 Drymarchon corais cleofae Brock, Copeia, 1942: 24% Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. 1541 Drymarchon cora

Distribution: Low and moderate elevations of Pacific coast from Sinaloa, Mexico, south to Isthmus of Tehuantepec and apparently through valley of Rfo Grijalva, Chiapas into extreme southwestern Guatemala.

Drymarchon cora

is

un icolor Smith

1941 Drymarchon corais unicolor Smith, Jour. Washington Acad. La Esperanza, near Escuintla, Chiapas, Mexico.

Distribution: Nicaragua.

Sci., 31=

'^l^-

Type-locality:

Low and moderate elevations from Chiapas, Mexico along Pacific coast

into

98

-^ "^

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

DRYMOBIUS

DRYMOBIUS Fitzinger

Type-species: Herpetodryas marqar t if erus Schlegel. 1843 Drymob ius Fitzinger, Systema Reptilium: 26. Type-species: Dendroph id ium melanotrop is Cope. 1853 Crossanthera Cope, American Naturalist, 1853= *81' i

Distribution: Texas on Atlantic slope and Chiapas, Mexico on Pacific slope through Central America to Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Content: Four species. Key to the species 1.

Clave de especies

Dorsal pattern not reticulate; individual 2 scales not green surrounded by black Dorsal pattern reticulate; each scale green surrounded by blacl< marqar t f erus

1.

Dorsal pattern without rhomboid blotches, more or less uniform green 3 Dorsal pattern of rhomboid blotches rhomb iter

2.

i

2.

3.

Diseno dorsal no reticulado; escamas individualmente no verdes rodeadas de negro 2 Diseno dorsal reticulado; cada escama verde, rodeada de negro marqar t f erus

i

Keels on middorsal scale rows not blackish chlorot icus Keels on three middorsal scale rows blackish melanotrop s

i

i

Diseno dorsal sin manchas romboidales, mas o menos un f ormemente verde 3 Disefio dorsal de manchas romboidales-- rhombifer i

Quillas de las filas mediodorsales no negras chlorot cus Quillas de las tres filas mediodorsales negrasmelanotrop s

J.

i

i

i

DRYMOBIUS CHLOROT ICUS (Cope) 1886 Dendroph idium chloroticum Cope^ Proc. Amer. Guatemala; restricted by Cope, Bull. U.S. Qua temala.

1887 Drymobius chlorot cus i

— Cope.

Bull.

U.S.

Nat.

Phil. Nat.

Soc, 23 (I885): 278. Type-locality: Mus., 32, I887, 69, to Coban, [Alta Verapaz],

Mus.,

32:

65.

Distribution: Moderate and intermediate elevations; San Luis de Potos', Mexico, along Caribbean coast to Honduras, and Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico to Costa Rica on Pacific slope.

DRYMOBIUS MARGARITIFERUS (Schlegel)^ I837 Herpetodryas marqar t f erus Schlegel, Essa Physion. Serpens, 2: 184. Type-locality: New Orleans (in error); restricted by Smith, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 92, 1942, 383, to Veracruz, Mexico; further restricted to Cordoba, Veracruz, by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33, 1950, ,317I878 D.[ rymobius J marqar t f erus Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 17 (I877): 35.

Distribution: Content:

i

i

i

i

i

—

Texas through Central America to South America.

Four subspecies, one

f

fistulosus Smith) ex tral

Key to the subspecies 1.

Anterior margins of median dorsal scales blue in adults, white in faded specimens, gray in juveniles; well differentiated from black scale tip 2 Color not as above occidental is

i

m

i

tal.

Clave de subespecies j,

gorde anterior de escamas dorsales medianas 32^]^ g^ adultos, claro en especfmenes marchitados, gris en juveniles; b en di2 ferenciado de apices negros de escama Diseno dorsal no como el anterior i

occ iden tal

i

s

petition currently before the International Commission for Zoological Nomenclature [z.N.(S.) I7O4] would set aside Coluber Ch iametla Shaw, Gen. Zool., Amphib., 2, 1802, 440, in favor of its younger Synonym, marqar t ferus Schlegel. The rules direct the retention of the status quo until a decision is reached, so we retain the junior synonym here. The name ch iametla would apparently be allocated to subspecies f istulosus if used. A

i

i

.

99^

DRYMOBIUS

2.

Adults retaining juvenile pattern of 35"^5 diffuse dorsal blotches or bands, 2-J scale rows wide, more conspicuous anteriorly; ground color turquoise-green in life (dull or bluish-gray in preservative), dorsal scales almost entirely black (on dark blotches) to almost entirely turquoise-green (on lighter areas), bordered with gray or black, always black-tipped mayd s Not as above marqar t f erus

2.

i

i

i

i

i

Drymob us marqar i

i

t

i

f

erus marqar

i

t

i

f

Adultos reteniendo el patron juvenil de unas 35"*5 manchas o bandas dorsales que se extlenden hasta el origen de las ventrales; color de fondo verde-turquesa en v da (gris opaco o azulado en I'quido preservat vo), dorsales color verde-turquesa con grados variables de pigmentacion negra o gris oscura; apice de las dorsales siempre negro mayd s No como el anterior marqar t f erus i

i

erus (Schlegel)

1855 ^amen is tr icolor Hallowell, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., (2) Type-locality: Honduras. 1890 Orvmobius marqar t f erus [ marqar t ferus j Bocourt, Mjss. Sc

3:

i

i

i

i

i

—

i

i

.

34,

pi.

3.

Mex., Rept les:. 7I8. i

Distribution: Low and moderate elevations from Texas south along Caribbean coast to northern South America.

Drymob ius marqar

i

t

f

i

erus mayd

1568 Drymob ius marqar Type-locality!

i

t

s

Villa

f erus mayd s Villa, Rev. Biol. Trop. Costa Rica, I5: 117> figs. Great Corn Island, Departamento de Zelaya, Nicaragua. i

i

Known only from Great Corn

Distribution:

Drymob ius marqar

i

i

t

i

f erus

occ dental i

i

s

Island,

Nicaragua.

Bocourt

I85O Drymob us marqar t f erus var. occ dental s Bocourt, Miss. Sc Near Volcan Atitlan, Guatemala. locality: i

i

i

i

i

i

.

Mex., Rept.:

Low and moderate elevations on Pacific coast of Chiapas,

Distribution: Salvador.

2-4,

118.

Type-

Mexico east to El

DRYMOBIUS MELANOTROPIS (Cope) 1876 Dendrophidium melanotropis Cope. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (2) 8(1875): Type-locality: Costa Rica. 1533 Drymob ius melanotrop 5 Stuart, Copeia, 1533' ^^• i

Distribution:

I34, pi.

26,

fig.

—

Nicaragua to Panama.

DRYMOBIUS RHOMBIFER (CHnther) 1860 Coryphodon rhomb f er Gunther, Proc. Ecuador. 1888 Drymob ius rhomb f er Bocourt, Miss. i

i

Distribution:

—

Zool. Sci.

Soc.

Mex.,

London, I860: Rept., pi.

43,

236. fig.

Type-locality: 1.

From Nicaragua to Peru, Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador.

Esmeraldas,

1.

100

-^

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

^^

DRYMOLUBER

DRYMOLUBER Amaral 1925 Drvmoluber Amaral, Mem.

Inst.

Butantan,

4:

335, fig.

Type-species;

Herpetodryas dichroa Peters.

Tropical South America, from northeastern Brazil and Guianas through Amazonian region Distribution: to Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Content:

Two species.

Clave de especies

Key to the species 1.

Dorsal scales Dorsal scales

in in

15 rows 17 rows

dichrous braz ili

1.

Escamas dorsales en I5 filas Escamas dorsales en I7 filas

d

ichrous brazili

DRYMOLUBER BR AZILI (Gomes) EstajSo de Type-locality: I5I8 Drymobius Brazili Gomes, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 1: 81, pi. 14, fig. 2. Engenheiro Lisb8a, near Uberaba, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil. Estado de SSo Type-locality: 1523 Drymobius rubriceps Amaral, Proc. New England Zool. Club , 8: 85. Paulo, Brazil. Stuart, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 236: 3. 19^2 Drymoluber brazili

—

Distribution:

South central Brazil.

DRYMOLUBER DICHROUS (Peters) 1863 Herpetodryas dichroa Peters. Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, I863: Surinam. 1868 Herpetodryas occipitalis Gunther. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (a) 1: Ecuador. 1868 Spilotes piceus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868; IO5. Maraflon, Ecuador. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 4: 82. 133^ Drymoluber dichrous Amaral,

284.

Type-locality:

Brazil;

43O.

Type-locality:

Pebas,

Type-locality:

Napo or Upper

—

Distribution:

Colombia, Ecuador, eastern Peru, northern Brazil, Amazonian Venezuela.

a

101

REPTILIA:

'^

SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

*

"^

ELAPHE

ELAPHE Fitzinger I833 Ela£he. Fitzinger, In Wagler, Oescrip. Icon. Amphib., J: text for pi. 2]. Type-species: Elaphe parreys Fitzinger = Coluber quatuorl Ineatus Lacepede. 1843 Pantherophis Fitzinger, Syst. Rept.: 25. Type-species: Coluber guttatus Linnaeus. 1853 Scotophis Baird and Girard, Cat. N. Amer. Rept.: 73. Type-species: Coluber alleqhan iens is Holbrook - C_. obsoletus Say. 1343 Pseudelaphe Mertens and Rosenberg (subgenus novum), Wochenschr f t (Blatter) fUr Aquarien and Type-species: Coluber f lav iruf us Cope. Terrar enkunde, J: 6I. i

i

i

i

Distribution:

United States through Central America to Panama and Costa Rica.

Content: Eight species, six of which gut ta ta Linnaeus, vulp na Baird and Girard, obsoleta Say phaescens Dowling, rosal iae Mocquard and subocular s Brown) are extral im tal, according to Cowling, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., $41, 1952. (

i

i

i

Clave de especies

Key to the species 1.

With three dark bands on parietal region, one on midline between parietals and one one outer margin of each parietal; usually eight upper tr asp s labials

1.

i

i

Lacking three more or less continuous bands on parietals; usually nine upper labials f

Con tres bandas oscuras en la region parietal, una en la 1 fnea media entre parietales y una en borde externo de cada parietal; usualmente tr lasp is ocho labiales superiores Sin tres bandas mas o menos continuas en los parietales; usualmente nueve labiales f lav irufa superiores

lav ruf i

ELAPHE FLAVIRUFA (Cope) I867 Coluber flavirufus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., I867: 319. Type-locality: Yucatan; restricted to vincinty of Campeche, Campeche, by Dowling, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 542, 1952, 3. Gaige, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ., 547: 299. 1936 Elaphe flavirufa i

—

Distribution: Content:

Mexico and Guatemala on Caribbean Coast to Corn

Four subspec es, two i

of which

(

f

lav irufa Cope and ma tuda

Key to the subspecies 1.

f lav

i

Nicaragua.

Smith)

are ex tral

i

m

i

tal.

Clave de subespecies

Maximum 34 (usually 33) scale rows; posterior minimum 23 scale rows polyst icha Maximum 3I scale rows; posterior minimum 21 scale rows pardalina

Elaphe

Island,

1.

Maximo 34 (usualmente 33) filas de escamas; mfnimo posterior 23 filas polyst icha Maximo 3I filas de escamas; mfnimo posterior 21 filas pardalina

irufa pardal ina (Peters)

1868 Elaphis pardalinus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1868: 642. Type-locality: Unknown. 1887 Elaphis rodriguezii Bocourt. le Naturaliste, (2) 14: I68. Type-locality; Panzos, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. 1952 E laphe flavirufa pardalina Dowling, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 540: 9.

—

Distribution:

Elaphe

f

Alta Verapaz, Guatemala through Honduras to Corn

Island, Nicaragua.

lav rufa polyst icha Smith and Williams i

1966 Elaphe flavirufa polysticha Smith and Williams, Nat. Hist. Misc. Chicago Acad. Sc 1. Type-locality: Ruatan Island, Islas de la Bahfa, Honduras.

Distribution:

Known only from type localit y-

i

.

,

I85:

—

102

ELAPHE

ELAPHE TRIASPIS (Cope)

Type-locality: Belize; 1866 Coluber triaspis Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866: 128. restricted to vicinity of the town of Belize, British Honduras, by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33, 1950, 316. 1525 Elaphe tr iasp is Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 4: 155»

—

Distribution: Arizona through Mexico and Central America to Costa Rica. Content: Three subspecies, one of which ( ntermed ia Boettger) recent revision by Dowling, Zoologica, 45, 19^0, 53"80. i

Median frontoparietal band with small rounded opening at about middle of suture between parietals; band not open anteriori

ly

tr iasp

Median frontoparietal band with elongate opening along suture between parietals; band usually opening anteriorly, thus mutab il forming a "Y"

Elaphe triaspis tr iasp

i

ex tral im

i

tal, according

to most

Clave de subespecies

Key to the subspecies 1.

is

i

s

is

1.

banda frontoparietal mediana, con una abertura pequeHa y redonda aprox imadamente en el medio de la sutura entre parietales; tr iasp is banda no abierta anter ormente Una banda frontoparietal con abertura alai gada sobre la sutura interparietal; banda generalmente abierta anter iormente formando mutabil s una "Y" Una

i

i

(Cope)

s

—

Stuart, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 69: 68. 1948 [ Elaphe triaspis triaspis j Dowling, Zoologica, 45: ]l , figs. 1, %. i960 Elaphe tr iasp is tr iasp is

—

Distribution: Yucatan Peninsula, from Chichen Itza and Merida south to Uaxactun, Guatemala.

Elaphe tr iasp

i

s

mutab

i

1

i

s

in

Peten,

(Cope)

Type-locality: Verapaz, 1885 Coluber mutabilis Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 1884: I75. Guatemala and Costa Rica. 1948 Elaphe triaspis mutabilis Stuart, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 69: 68. i960 Elaphe tr iasp is mutab 1 s Dowling, Zoologica, 4$: ^2, fig. 9'^i

Distribution:

i

— —

Highlands of Guatemala south to vicinity of San Jose, Costa Rica.

.

103_

*

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

ELAPOMOJUS

ELAPOMOJUS Jan 1862 Elapomo jus Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., d

i

m

i

d

i

a

t

us

2:

42.

Type-species:

Elapomorphus

1

Elapomo jus )

Ja n

I856 Elapomo us Boulenger (emendation of Elapomo Jus ) . Cat. Sn, Brit. Mus., 3- 238. I858 Elapohomoeus Berg (emendation of Elapomo jus ) . An. Mus. Mac. Buenos Aires, 6; 28. i

Distribution: Content:

As for single known species.

One species.

ELAPOMOJUS DIMIDIATUS Jan I862 E.[ lapomorphus Braz il. I856 Elapomoius d im

Distribution:

(

i

d

Elapomo jus )J i

atus

d im

— Boulenger

i

.

d

iatus Jan,

Cat.

Sn.

Arch.

Brit.

Known only from type specimen, which

Zool. Anat.

Mus., is

3:

Fis.,

238.

no longer extant.

2:

47.

Type-locality:

—

L04

.

^

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

ELAPOMORPHUS

ELAPOWORPHUS Wiegmann

IS'iS

Type-species:

Elapocephalus Gunther. Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus.: 276. Phila., 1861: 524.

1862 Phalotris Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc Dumeril, Bibron and Dumlril.

Distribution: Content:

i

Calamaria Blumii Schleqel.

Type-species;

184^ Elapomorphus Wieqmann, Fitzinger, Syst. Rept.t 25.

Elapocephalus taenjatus Gunther.

Type-species:

.

Tropical and subtropical South America; from northeastern Brazil to Argentina.

Eight species.

Clave de especies

Key to the species 1.

2.

Elapomorphus tricolor

2

Two prefrontals One prefrontal

1.

^

Dorsal pattern with three longitudinal stripes-

2.

Dos prefrontales Una prefrontal

2 4

Diseno dorsal con tres Uneas long tud nales~3 Diseno dorsal con cinco Ifneas long tudi nales gu nguel neatus i

i

i

3

Dorsal pattern with five longitudinal stripes— qu nguel neatus

i

i

i

i

3.

Parietales por lo menos doblemente mas largas wuchereri que anchas; ventrales I76-I84 Parietales no doblemente largas que anchas; lepi^us ventrales I5O-234

3.

Parietals at least twice as long as broad; wuchereri ventrals 1/6-184 Parietals not twice as long as broad; ventrals lepidus I9O-234

4.

Parietals separated from labials by temporals 5 Parietals in contact with labials; anterior temporal absent nasutus

4.

Parietales separadas de labiales por temporales 5 Parietales en contacto con labiales; sin nasutus temporal anterior

5.

Dorsal pattern not lineate Dorsum with lineate pattern

6

5'

Diseno dorsal no lineado Diseno dorsal lineado

6.

7.

b

i

1

i

neatus

Dorsal scales spotted with black on posterior tip; nuchal collar three scales wide; ventrals mertensi more than 223 Dorsal scales without black spotting; nuchal collar six scales wide; fewer than 217 tricolor ventrals

6.

contact with parietal bolle contact with parietal nasutus

].

With fourth labial

in

i

With fifth labial

in

6 b

i

1

i

neatus

Escamas dorsales manchados de negro en el apice; collar nucal estrecho de tres escamas mertens de ancho; ventrales mas de 223 Escamas dorsales sin manchas negras; ancho collar nucal que ocupa seis escamas; menos de tricolor 21/ ventrals i

Con cuarta labial en contacto con parietal

bolle Con quinta labial en contacto con parietal

i

nasutus

ELAPOMORPHUS BILINEATUS Dumlril, Bibron and Dumlril Type-locality: Gen., ]: 835Corrientes, Argentina. Type-locality: Elapomorphus lemniscatus Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. Gen., ]: 840. "Amerique du Sud". Elapomorphus reticulatus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1860: 5I8, pi., fig. 2. "Brazil?" Type-locality: Type-locality: Saint Petersbourg, 29: 5/1. Elapomorphus Iherinqi Strauch. Bull. Acad. Imp. Sc Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Rio Grande do Type-locality: Phalotris melanopleurus Cope. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc, 22: I89.

I854 Elapomorphus bil ineatus Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp.

1854 1860 1884

1885

i

.

Sul, Brazil. Camaquam Type-locality: 1889 Elapomorphus trilineatus Boulenqer, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6) 4: 265. River District, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Type-locality: 1913 Elapomorphus speqazzinii Boulenqer, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, (3) 6: 49. La Plata, Argentina. Pilar, near Type-locality: 14: 202. , 1924 Elapomorphus suspectus Amaral, Jour. Washington Acad. Sc Cordoba, Argentina. i

Distribution:

.

Southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentina.

—

I

105

ELAPOMORPHUS

ELAPOMORPHUS BOLLEI Mertens Type-locality: Tandil, about 35O 153^ Elapomorphus bollei Mertens, Senckenberg iana, 3^' 183, f'g* !• km south of Buenos Aires and about I50 km from coast, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Distribution: Known only from type locality.

ELAPOMORPHUS LEPIDUS Reinhardt 1861 Elapomorphus Lepldus Reinhardt. Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn, 2 (i860): 235, pi. 4, fig. 6-9. Type-locality: "Arrayal de Bicudo near Rio da casca, Minas, Brazil". 1896 Elapomorphus lepidus Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 3= 241.

—

Distribution:

Estados do Minas Gerais, Bahia, Espirito Santo, and Riode Janeiro, Brazil.

ELAPOMORPHUS MERTENS

Hoge

1955 Elapomorphus mertensi Hoge, Senckenberg iana Biol., 36: Type-locality: Serra Azul, SSo Paulo, Brazil.

Distribution:

3'^1>

pl-

27 and pi.

29,

fig.

3.

Mate Grosso, Minas Gerais, and Parana, Brazil.

Sao Paulo,

ELAPOMORPHUS NASUTUS Gomes 1915 Elapomorphus nasutus Gomes, Ann. Paulistas Med. Cirurg., 4: 121, pi. 3, fig. I-3. Paineiras, near Uberaba, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil. 1949 Elapomorphus nasutus Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 21 (l948): 67, 4 figs.

Type-locality:

—

Distribution: Braz 1.

"Triangulo Mineiro", Estado de Sao Paulo; also Minas Gerais and Santa Catarina,

i

ELAPOMORPHUS QU NQUEL NEATUS (Raddi I

I

)

1820 Coluber 5 Lineatus Raddi, Mem. Soc. Italiana Sci. Modena, 18, (Mem. 2, Fisica): 339, pi. Type-locality: Near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Schlegel, Essai 1837 Calamaria Blumi Phys. Serp.,2:45. Type-locality: Estado do Sao Paulo, Brazil. 1858 Elapocephalus taeniatus Gunther, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus.: 276. Type-locality: "America" ("North America", according to Gray, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 1849, 78, referring to same specimen). 1959 Elapomorphus gu nguel neatus Hoge, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 28 (1957-58): 27O. i

i

Distribution:

—

i

Eastern and Central Brazil.

ELAPOMORPHUS TRICOLOR Dumeril, Bibron and Dumlril I854 Elapomorphus tricolor Dumeril, Bibron and Oumeril, Erp. Gen., 7: 837. Type-locality: Santa Cruz "Santa Cruz de la Sierra a Chuquisaca, en Bolivia", according to Vanzolini, Rev. Bras. Biol., 8, 1948, 383. 1955 Elapomorphus tricolor Hoge, Senckenberg iana Biol., 36: 3''1> Pls. 28 and 29, fig. 4.

—

Distribution:

Southern and western Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, Argentina and Paraguay.

ELAPOMORPHUS WUCHERERI GUnther 1861 Elapomorplius wucherer Gunther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (3) 7= ^15> ^'9Type-locality: Bahia, Brazil (according to Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 3> 1896, 240, who recognized the composite nature of Gijnther s t ype series, and fixed the name using two female syntypes from Bahia). I86I Elapomorphus accedens Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., 2: 46. Type-locality: Bahia, Brazil. 1896 Elapomorphus wuchereri Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 3' 240. i

'

—

Distribution:

.568-192

O

— 70-

Known from Bahia and Espirito Santo, Brazil.

106

^

-^

REPTILIA: S ERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

^^

ENULIUS

ENULIUS Cope 1871 Enulius Cope. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, 11: 1872 Leptocalamus Gunther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Gunther.

Enulius murinus Cope. Type-species: 558. Leptocalamus torquatus Type-species: (4) 5: I6.

Western and southern Mexico through Central America to Colombia.

Distribution:

Three species, one of which ( ol igost ichus Smith, Ardnt and Sherbrooke) is extral m tal, according to latest summary of genus, by Smith, Ardnt and Sherbrooke, Nat. Hist. Misc. Chicago

Content:

i

Sci., 186, I567.

Acad.

Clave de especies

Key to the species 1.

i

Rostral pointed; 1/ scale rows at midbody flay torques Rostral not pointed; I5 scale rows at midbody sclater i

Rostral puntiaguda; I7 filas de escamas en el f lavi torques med cuerpo Rostral no puntiaguda; I5 filas de escamas en sclater el medio cuerpo

1.

i

—

i

i

ENULIUS FLAV TORQUES (Cope) I

1869 Liophis flavitoroues Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868: 3O7. Magdalena, Colombia, 1938 Enulius flavitorques Dunn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 85: 415.

Type-locality:

R'o

—

Distribution: Content:

Southern Mexico through Central America to Colombia.

Three subspecies, two of which

(

sum chrast i

i

Bocourt and un color Fischer) are extral i

i

m

i

tal.

Enul us flay torques flay torques (Cope) i

i

i

Amer. Philos. Soc, 111 558. Type-locality: Chinandega, genus and species were also described by Cope in second and third Ann. Sci., I869-I87O [1871], 80. It is uncertain which paper was published Osborne, Biog. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., I3, I53O, I93-I55). 1872 Leptocalamus torquatus Gunther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) 5' 17' Type-locality: South Amer ica. Smith, Ardnt and Sherbrooke, Nat. Hist. Misc. Chicago 1967 Enul ius j f[_ lavitorques J flay torques Acad. Sci., 186: 4. 1871 Enul us mur nus Cope, Nicaragua (this new Rept. Peabody Acad. first, according to i

i

Proc.

i

[_

Distribution:

—

Guatemala to Colombia.

ENULIUS SCLATERI (Boulenger) 1894 Leptocalamus sclateri Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 2: 25I, pi. 12, fig. 1. South America. 1938 Enulius slateri (sic) Dunn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 8J: 417.

—

Distribution:

Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia.

Type-locality:

—

.

i

—

107

* •

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: BOIDAE

EPl CRATES

EPICRATES Wagler

Type-species: Boa Cenchria Linnaeus. I83O Ep icra tes Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amphib.: 168. 1844 Ch ilabo-thrus Dumeril and Bibron, Erp. Gen., 6: 5^2. Type-species: Boa noma tus Re nhardt . 1849 Cliftia Gray. Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus.: 55. Type-species: Cliftia fusca Gray. I856 Epicarsius Fischer, Abh. Nat. Ver. Hamburg., 3= ?''• Type-species: Epicarsius cupreus Fischer. I856 Homaloch ilus Fischer, Abh. Nat. Ver. Hamburg., J: 100, Type-species: Homaloch lus striatus F ischer. 1881 Piesi qaster Seoane, Abh. Senck. Ges., 12: 217. Type-species: Pies qaster Boettqer Seoane. i

i

i

i

Distribution:

From Costa Rica

to

Argentina; Antilles.

Content: Seven species, six of which ( anqul f er Bibron, exsul Netting and Coin, qrac inornatus Reinhardt, striatus Fischer, and subflavus Stejneger) are ex tral m tal i

i

i

1

i

s

Fischer,

i

EPICRATES CENCHRIA (Linnaeus) Type-locality: Surinam. 1758 Boa Cenchr a Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 21$. Type-locality: Surinam. 1766 Boa Cenchr 5 Gmelin, Systema Naturae, Ed. I3: IO83. 1788 Coluber tamach la Scopoli, Delicia Florae et Faunae Insubrlcae etc., J: 38, pi. 19, tig. 1. Type-locality: none given. I8O3 Boa ternatea Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., 5' 153' Type-locality: none given. I8O3 Boa Aboma Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., 5= 132, pi. 62, fig. 2. Type-locality: Surinam and Guiana. I8O3 Boa annulifer Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., $: 202, pi. 63, fig. 3. Type-locality: South America. 1816 Draco ocella tus Oken, Lehrb. Naturg., J: 227. We have been unable to verify this citation from Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 1, 1893, 94. I83O Epicrates ] Cenchr ia —Waqler. Nat. Syst. Amphib.: I68. [ 1849 CI ift ia fusca Gray, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus.: 99. Type-locality: India. 1854 Boa liberiensis Hallowell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., I854: 100. Type-locality: Libenaj In error, corrected to South America by Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857> 66. I856 Ep cars us cupreus Fischer, Abh. Nat. Ver. Hamburg, '}: 96? pl- 2, figs, la-lb. Type-locality: Puerto Cabello, Venezuela. i

i

i

i

i

Distribution: Costa Rica to Argentina; Trinidad and Tobago. Comment: Recent authors who have described subspecies of this species have not indicated where they thought the synonyms listed above should be assigned. Some of them could easily be prior names for currently recognized taxa. We cannot attempt to make any allocations at this time, but some future worker will need to do so.

Content:

Nine subspecies.

Clave de subespecies

Key to the subspecies 1.

Dorsal pattern always including some conspicuous dorsal spots 2 Dorsum uniformly colored maurus

2.

Lateral ocell i, located in interspaces between median distal spots, without outer ring of light coloi Same ocelli bordered by light ring

3.

Coloracion dorsal no uniforme, manchas bien conspicuas 2 Coloracion dorsal uniforme, manchas obsoletas o del mismo color del cuerpo maurus

2.

Ocelos laterales multiples, ubicados en los intervalos de las manchas medio dorsales, no circundados de color claro-3 Ocelos laterales multiples, ubicados en los intervalos de las manchas medio dorsales, circundados de color claro 5

3.

Ocelos laterales oscuros sin el centre bianco 4 Ocelos laterales oscuros con el centre bianco qa iqe

4.

Cara ventral manchada de oscuro en su margen lateral cenchria Cara ventral no manchada de oscuro ni aun lateralmente hyqroph lus

3 5

Lateral ocelli uniform, without lighter centei

4

Lateral ocelli with central area lighter than rest of spotqa qe i

4.

1.

i

Ventrals with dark spotting on lateral margins cenchria Ventrals not spotted laterally hyqroph lus i

I

i

i

108

EPICRATES

5.

Median dorsal spots bordered by black area which does not contact border of neighbor6 ing blotch Median dorsal spots fused laterally by 8 broad dark band

6.

Median dorsal spots not saddle-shaped 7 Median dorsal spots saddle-shaped harbour

7.

Median dorsal circumnuchal ventrals Median dorsal circumnuchal ventrals

5.

6.

Sin manchas medio dorsales en forma de silla de montar7 Manchas medio dorsales en forma de silla de

7.

Estrfa medio cef^lica separada de la estr'a ass s circunnucal; m^s de 245 ventrales Estr'a medio cefalica fusionada con la cii cunnucal, menos de 240 ventrales- polylepis

—

montar

stripe on head broken by a stripe; more than 24$ ass is stripe on head fused with stripe; -fewer than 240 polvlep s

harbour

i

i

i

i

—

i

8. 8.

Manchas medio dorsales aisladas por hordes 6 negros que no contactan entre s TManchas medio dorsales fusionadas lateral8 mente por ancha banda oscura--

More 'han 47 scale rows at midbody; 47-55 alvarez Cauda is Fewer than 47 scale rows at midbody; 3^~*5 crassus Cauda Is— I

Mas de 47 hileras medio dorsales; 47-55 alvareri Cauda les Menos de 47 hileras medio dorsales; 3''~^5 crassus Cauda les

Epicrates cenchria cenchria Linnaeus 1525 Epicrates cenchria cenchria—Amaral, Mem.

Distribution:

Inst.

Butantan,

4;

77'

Amazonian Basin; southern Venezuela and coastal Guianas.

Ep icrates cenchria alvarez

Abalos, Baez and Nader

i

1964 Epicrates cenchria alvarezi Abalos. Baez and Nader, Acta. Zool. Lilloana, 20: Forres, Depto. Robles, Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Type-locality:

Distribution;

fig.

218,

3«

Provincia de Santiago del Estero, Argentina.

Ep icrates cenchria ass is

Machado

i

Type-locality; 1945 Epicrates cenchria assisi Machado, Bol. Inst. Vital Brazil, 27: 6I, fig. Campina Grande, Poraiba do Norte, NE Brazil. Rio Type-locality: 1954 Epicrates cenchria xerophilus Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 26: 237. Branco, Pernambuco, Brazil. Distribution:

to northern

Piaui

Ep icrates cenchria barbouri

Bahia

in

Caatinga region of Brazil.

Stull

1998 Epicrates cenchria barbouri Stull, Dec. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Marajo Island, Para, Brazil. locality; Distribution;

8:

3OO.

Type-

Known only from type locality.

Ed icrates cenchria crassus (Cope)

1862 Epicrates crassus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862( 345. Parana River, Paraguay. 1929 Epicrates cenchria crassus- Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 4: 140.

Type-locality:

Cadosa,

—

Distribution: Southern Braz

Epicrates cenchria ga ge i

i

il,

Paraguay and northern Argentina.

Stull

1998 Epicrates cenchria gaigei Stull. Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Buenavista, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

Distribution:

Eastern lowlands of Bolivia and Peru.

8:

258.

Type-locality:

109

EPICRATES

Ep icrates cenchria hygroph ilus Amaral 19'i4

Epicrates cenchria hyqrophilus Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 26: Baixo Guandu, Rio Doce, Esp'ritu Santo, Brazil.

239-

Type-locality!

Distribution: Estado do Amazonas and region of Rio Doce, Estado do Esp'ritu Santo, Brazil. Restricted on west by Serra do Espinha^o, according to Amaral, loc. cit.

Ep icrates

cenchria maurus Gray

Venezuela. Type-locality: 1845 Ep icrates maurus Gray, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus.: %, Type-locality: 1863 Epicrates cupreus var. concolor Jan, Elenco SIst. Ofjd.: 24. 19'^'^ Epicrates cenct^ria maurusStull, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 40: 396.

—

Costa Rica.

From Costa Rica to northern Colombia and Venezuela, probably northern Distribution: Guianas; Trinidad, Tobago and Margarita Islands.

Ep icrates cenchria

polylep

is

Amaral

None Epicrates cenchria polylepis Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 9' 236. Type-locality: given by Amaral, specimens included came from Rio Pandeiro, Minas Gerais, and "Canna Brava" (later called Rio Canabrava), inGoias, Brazil. In 195* (below) Amaral selected a neotype from among the syntypes (calling it a "liolotype"), thus restricting the typelocality to Rio Pandeiro. 195* Ep icrates cenchr ia polylep is Amaral, Mem. Inst. Butantan, 26: 241.

193'i

—

Distribution: Region of rios Canabrava and Pandeiro Oistrito Federal, Brazil.

in

western Bahia and eastern Goiasj also

—

—

110

**

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

ERYTHROLAMPRUS

ERYTHROLAMPRUS Wagler 18^0 Erythrolamprus Waqler, Nat. Syst. Amph.: I87. 184H Ervthrophis Fitzinqer, Systema Reptilium: 25.

Type-species: Type-species:

Coluber aqilis Linnaeus. Erythrolamprus venust iss

iciius

Wagler.

Nicaragua to southern Brazil and Peru east of Andes, and to northwestern Ecuador on Distribution: Pacific slope. Content:

Six species.

Clave de especies

Key to the species 1.

2 Body with complete black rings Body reddish, without rings; 25-26 black dorsal aesculap spots with light centers

1.

Each dorsal ring equidistant from othersDorsal rings arranged in_pairs

2.

Lacking black rings bordered by white rings of 4 equal width Black rings with white borders of equal width-quenther

3.

Red areas less than three times as wide as black rings; lacking light band between eyes

4.

i

2.

3.

i

i

i

Anillos dorsales aislados Anillos dorsales en parejas

3

6

Sin anillos negros bordeados de blancos de 4 igual ancho Con anillos negros con borde bianco de igual quenther ancho al de ellos i

i

4.

2 Cuerpo con anillos negros completes Cuerpo rojizo sin anillos; 25-26 manchas negras aesculap dorsales con el centre claro

Espacios rojos de menor extension que tres anillos negros; sin banda clara sobre los ojos

5

5

Red areas at least three times as wide as black rings; with light band between eyes- aesculap

Espacios rojos por lo menos tres veces al ancho de los anillos negros; con banda clara sobre aesculap los ojos

i

i

i

i

5.

Posterior maxillary teeth strongly grooved; more than 5*^ subcaudals pseudocorallus Posterior maxillary teeth not grooved, may be weakly striated; subcaudals fewer than 52

5.

Dientes posteriores fuertemente acanalados; " pseudocorallus subcaudales mas de 5^ con suaves Dientes posteriores no acanalados m imus estrfas; subcaudales menos de 52

6.

Anillos negros dispuestos en parejas que equi7 distan entre sf Anillos negros dispuestos en parejas; cada dos parejas, interespacio entre sf menor, por aesculap extension de interespacio rojo

m imus 6.

Black rings in pairs; distance between pairs equal to width of pair Black rings in pairs; distance between pairs reduced by extension of red interspaces -.-

7.

aesculap

i

Fewer than 45 caudalsMore than 45 caudals

ERYTHROLAMPRUS AESCULAP

I

I

-

aesculap b

i

i

i

i

8 Black rings not divided dorsally Black rings divided dorsally, giving appearance of tetrad formation bauperthu s i

8.

7

7.

i

f isura dorsal que se asemejan a tetradas Con anillos negros con fisura dorsal que se bauperthu asemejan a tetradas

Sin anillos negros con

g

i

8

i

s

i

i

i

i

i

izona

8.

Menos de 45 caudales Mas de 45 caudales

aesculap bi

zona

(Linnaeus)

"Indiis". Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 12: 38O. Type-locality: 1766 Coluber Aesculap "Indiis". Type-locality: 1766 Coluber aqilis Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 12: 38I. Type-locality: 1789 Cl oluber j n igrof asc iatus Lacepede, Histoire Naturelle des Serpens, 2: ')B. i

i

None

ven.

I8O3 Coluber atro-c inctus Oaudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., 6: 389' None given. Type-locality: I823 C|_ oluber J b natus L ichtenste in, Verzeichniss der Doubletten des Zoologischen Museums der Konigl. Universitat zu Berlin: IO5. Type-locality: Brazil. I854 Erythrolamprus Aesculap Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. Gen., ]: 845. I854 Erytrolamprus (sic) M Ibert Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. Gen., ]: 854. Type-locality: "New Yorck". I854 Erythrolamprus ntr icatus Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. Gen., ]: 855« Type-locality: Unknown. I860 Erythrolamprus albostulatus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860: 259. Type-locality: "Jijuca" = Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. i

i

i

i

i

—

i

i

I

111

ERYTHROLAMPRUS

ERYTHROLAMPRUS AESCULAPI

I

(Linnaeus), continued

Type-locality: dicranta Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., 2: 314. I863 Ervthrolamprus Aesculapi "Brasile, Bahia, Popayan". Type-locality. confluentus Jan. Arcfi. Zool. Anat. Fis,, 2: 315. 186^ Erythrolamprus Aesculapi "Amer ica". i

i

Distribution: Content:

Amazonian South America to central Brazil and Bolivia; Tobago Island.

Five subspecies.

None of the recent authors whi. I'dve recognized subspecies within this species has Comment: discussed the proper subspecific allocation of the taxa listed above under the species name. We are not able to assign them at this time.

Clave de subespecies

Key to the subspecies 1.

2 Body with complete blacl< rings Body without rings; 25-26 black dorsal ocellatus spots, each with light center

1.

2.

Red interspaces less than three times as wide as black rings; no light band between eyes 3 Red interspaces at least three times as wide as black rings; light band between monozona eyes

2.

i Black rings in equidistant pairs Black rings not in equidistant pairs, but forming groups of four, with wider red interspaces between such groups tetrazona

3.

Head light with dark band across eyes; red interspaces equal in width to black bandsaesculap Head black with light band between eyes; red space twice as wide as black rings venust ss mus

4.

3.

A.

i

i

Erythrolamprus aesculap

I

i

aesculap

I863 Erythrolamprus Aesculap

Distribution:

i

i

I

nt erespac OS rojos, entre anillos negros, menos de tres veces mas anchos que aquellos; sin banda clara sobre los ojos-3 nterespac OS rojos, por lo menos tres veces mas anchos que anillos negros; con monozona banda clara sobre los ojos i

i

Anillos negros dispuestos en parejas que 4 equidistan entre sf Parejas de anillos negros no equ d istantes; cada dos de ellas con mayor extension del interespacio rojo entre sf tetrazona I

i

i

Cabeza clara con banda oscura atraves de los ojos; espacios rojos iguales a anillos negros aesculap Cabeza negra con banda clara atraves de los ojos; espacios rojos dos veces mayores que anillos negros venust ss imus i

i

i

i

i

i

j

— Jan,

Arch.

Zool. Anat.

Fis.,

2:

31^'

monozona Jan

Erythrolamprus Aesculap "Bahia", (Brazil). 19^5 Erythrolamprus aesculap [

i

i

I

i

j

monozona Jan, Arch.

monozona

— Machado,

Zool. Anat.

Bol.

Inst.

Fis.,

2:

Vital Brazil,

312. 5'

Type-locality! 77»

°"^ pl'»

°'^^

fig.

Distribution:

Bahia to Rio de Janeiro,

Ervthrolamprus aesculapi

i

Brazil.

ocellatus Peters

1868 Erythrolamprus ocellatus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, None g ven. Emsley, Copeia, I966: 1566 Erythrolamprus aesculap [ ocellatus j i

i

Distribution:

I

(Linnaeus)

[ Aesculap

i

1

Amazonian South America.

Ervthrolamprus aesculap I863

i

2 Cuerpo con anillos negros completes Cuerpo sin anillos; 25-26 manchas negras dorsales con el centro claro ocellatus

Trinidad and Tobago

—

Island.

1868: I29.

642.

Type-locality:

i

i

112

ERYTHROLAMPRUS

Erythrolamprus aesculap

i

tetrazona Jan

i

Type-locality: I863 [ Erythrolamprus Aesculap! ] tetrazona Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., 2: 315. Bol V ia, tetrazona Mertens, Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst. Oekol. Geog. 19S6 Erythrolamprus aesculap! T!ere, 84: $44, pi. 14, fig. 38.

—

i

i

Distribution:

Southwestern Bolivia.

Erythrolamprus aesculap

i

i

venust ss mus (Wied) i

i

Type-locality: None given. 1821 Coluber venust ss imus Wied, Reise nach Brasilien, 2: 75. venust ssima Machado, Bol. Inst. Vital Brazil, 5= 771545 Erythrolamprus aesculap i

i

Distribution:

i

i

—

Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to eastern Bolivia^ Misiones, Argentina.

ERYTHROLAMPRUS BAUPERTHUISI

Dumeril. Bibron and Dumeril

I

Type-locality: Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, Erp. Gen., 7' ^5". I854 Erythrolamprus Bauperthuis "C8te ferme"; restricted by Hoge and Lancini, Bol. Mus. Cien. Nat, Caracas, 6-7> 1960> 6l> to vicinity of Cumana, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. Caripito, Type-locality: Roze, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, 2: $26, fig. 1. 1959 Erythrolamprus ba ley Estado Monagas, Venezuela. i

i

Distribution:

ERYTHROLAMPRUS

B

I

i

i

Monagas, Sucre, Bolfvar, and Territorio Federal Delta Amacuro, Venezuela.

ZONA Jan

"Bahia, Type-locality: Erythrolamprus Aesculapii j b izona Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Fis., 2: 31*Messico, Popayan, Cayenne, Brasile, Montevideo, Colombia"; restricted to Colombia, by Dunn and Bailey, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 86, 1939, 12. Dunn and Bailey, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 86: 12. 1939 Erythrolamprus b zona I863

[

i

Distribution:

—

Costa Rica to Colombia and northern Venezuela.

ERYTHROLAMPRUS GUENTHERI Garman 1883 Erythrolamprus quenther

Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 8 (3): 15*» "Mexico?" Type-locality: (based on Erythrolamprus venust iss imus var. D., Gunther, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 1848, 48).

Distribution:

ERYTHROLAMPRUS

Ml

Amazonian slopes of Ecuador.

MUS (Cope)

1868 Opheomorphus m imus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868: JO]. of Ecuador or New Grenada". Dunn and Bailey, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 86: 1939 Erythrolamprus m imus

—

Distribution: Content:

"High regions

12.

Honduras and Nicaragua to Peru and Ecuador.

Three subspecies. Key to the subspecies

1.

Type-locality:

Black collar covering posterior tips of parietals and at least three scales on 2 midline of neck Black collar either absent, represented by spots, or only about one scale wide on midline, diverging to about three scales on sides of neck m imus

Clave de subespecies 1.

Collar negro cubriendo porcion posterior de parietales y por lo menos tres escamas 2 medialmente en la nuca Collar negro ausente, representado por puntos o solo de una escama de ancho medialmente, divergiendo aprox imadamente tres escamas en los lados de la nuca m imus

113

ERYTHROLAMPRUS

Body rings 12-15» with light centers latermpar ally; ventrals I7I-I83 Body rings 5"12 (rarely more); usually solid, but occasionally split ventrally on posterior part of body; ventrals 178-199 m icrurus

2.

i

—

Con 12-15 anillos sobre el cuerpo, con

centres claros lateralmente; ventrales mpar I7I-I83 Con 5-12 (raramente mas) anillos sobre el cuerpo, usualmente solidos, aunque ocasionalmente pueden dividirse ventralmente en la parte posterior del cuerpo; ventrales 1 78 -199 m icrurus 1

Ery throlamprus m mus m mus (Cope) i

1939

[

i

Erythrolamprus mimus j

Distribution:

Ervthrolamprus

m

i

— Dunn

m imus

and Bailey,

Bull.

Mus.

Comp.

Zool., 86:

14.

Eastern Peru and Ecuador.

mus

i

mpar Schmidt

impar Schmidt, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 49= ^91936 Erythrolamprus aesculapi locality: Yoro, Mataderos Mts., Honduras, 33OO ft. Dunn and Bailey, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 86: I3. 1939 [ Erythrolamprus m imus j impar i

Type-

—

Distribution:

Ervthrolamprus

m

i

Nicaragua and Honduras.

mu

s

m

i

crurus Dunn and Ba iley

1939 Erythrolamprus m imus m icrurus Dunn and Bailey, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 86: 12. locality: Mine at Santa Cruz de Caria, Darien, Panama, 2000 ft.

Distribution:

Type-

Atlantic Panama to Pacific Colombia and Ecuador.

ERYTHROLAMPRUS PSEUDOCORALLUS Roze 1959 Ervthrolamprus pseudocorallus Roze, Acta Biol. Venezuelica, ous areas near Maracaibo, Estado Zulia, Venezuela.

Distribution:

Per

ja i

region and Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela.

2:

530-

Type-locality:

In

mountain-

i

I

114

"^

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: BOIDAE

EUNECTES

"At

EUNECTES Wagler 1830 Eunectes Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amphib.:

Distribution: Content:

Type-species:

I67.

Boa mur ina Linnaeus.

Venezuela and Colombia to Argentina.

Four species.

Key to the species 1.

2.

Clave de especies

Scale rows at midbody AO-5O Scale rows at midbody 55-80

2

1.

3

Dorsal pattern with single series of large uniformly black vertebral spots and with smaller lateral black spots deschauensee Dorsal pattern with two series of black vertebral blotches with lighter centers; vertical black bands laterally notaeus

2.

i

3.

Dorsal spots with lighter centers Dorsal spots uniformly black

harbour mur nus i

Filas dorsales al medio del cuerpo, entre 4O-5O Filas dorsales al medio del cuerpo, entre rc_Qn

2

o

DiseRo dorsal con una hilera de grandes manchas negras vertebrales y con manchas laterales negras, pequerias deschauensee Oiseno dorsal en dos hileras de manchas negras con el centre no melanico; lateralmente fajas vert icales negras notaeus i

3'

i

Manchas dorsales con centres claros harbour Manchas dorsales un f ormemente oscuras-- murinus i

EUNECTES BARBOUR! Dunn and Conant 1936 Eunectes harbour Dunn and Conant, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 88: locality: Mara jo Island, mouth of Amazon River, Brazil. i

Distribution:

i

Marajo

EUNECTES DESCHAUENSEE

Island,

5"*,

1*,

fig.

Type-

1.

Brazil.

Dunn and Conant

Dunn and Conant, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 88: 1936 Eunectes deschauensee Type-local ity: Marajo Island, mouth of Amazon River, Brazil. i

Distribution:

pl.

Marajo

Island,

i

505>

pl>

1*>

fig-

2.

Brazil.

EUNECTES MUR NUS (Linnaeus) I

1758 Boa mur na Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 215Type-locality: "America". Synopsis Species Class Reptilia, in Griffith, Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, 1831 Eunectes mur na Gray, i

i

9:

Distribution: Content:

—

96.

Venezuela and Colombia to Bolivia.

Two subspecies.

Key to the subspecies 1.

Clave de subespecies

Postocular area enclosed in two dark stripes same color as ground color of body mur nus Postocular area enclosed in two dark stripes markedly lighter than ground color i

of body

q

i

1.

Area posocular entre dos Ifneas oscuras ,del mismo color que el cuerpo mur nus Area posocular entre dos Ifneas oscuras marcadamente mas clara que el cuerpo q gas

gas

Eunectes mur nus mur nus (Linnaeus) i

i

1758 Eunectes scvtale Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10: 214. Type-locality: Americas. 1824 Boa aquatica Wied. Isis von Oken, 6: 664. Type-locality: Brazil. 1936 [ Eunectes murinusj murinus Dunn and Conant, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 88: 5O3.

—

Distribution:

Amazonian drainage.

i

i

.

115

EUNECTES

Eunecte? murinus gigas (Latreille) Type-locality: in Sonnini and Latreille, Hist. Nat. Rept., 3= 13^. 9 igas Latreille, Gu ana 1803 Boa anacondo Daudin (substitute name for Boa q gas Latreille), Hist. Nat. Rept., 5' I6I, pl. 63, fig. 2. gigas Dunn and Conant, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 88: '}0'}. 1536 Eunectes murinus 1802 Boa

i

i

j

[

—

i

Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas and Trinidad.

Distribution:

EUNECTES NOTAEUS Cope Type-locality: Paraguay River 1862 Eunectes notaeus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 1862: ]0, and its tr butar es. 1503 Ep Icra tes w en noer Ste indachner, Sitz. Ma th-Na turw ss. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 112, Abt. 1: I5. Type-locality: Altos, Paraguay. i

i

i

Distribution:

i

i

i

i

Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, western Brazil, and northeastern Argentina.

116

*

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

"K"

*

FICIMIA

FICIMIA Gray

Type-species: F ic imia ol vacea Gray. 1845 F ic im ia Gray, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 1849: 80. Amblymetopon variegatufr Type-species: I858 Amblymetopon Gunther, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., I858; 7« i

Giinther.

Distribution:

Five species, four

Content:

FICIMIA PUSH

Mexico to Guatemala and Honduras.

A

of which are extral im tal. i

Cope

1866 Ficimia publia Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 18: 126. Type-locality: Yucatan; restricted to Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico, by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. BulL,33> ^35^> 352*

Distribution: From the on the Pacific. Content;

Isthmus of Tehuantepec to Honduras on the Atlantic and to southern Guatemala

Two subspecies, one

Ficimia publ

ia

publ

ia

(

tavlori

Smith) extral

im

i

tal.

Cope

1883 Ficimia ornata Bocourt, Miss. Sci. Mex., I883: 571' Type-locality: Mexico; restricted to Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico by Smith and Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33 1550, 352.

1547 [^Ficimia publia publ

ia]— Sm

i

th.

Jour. Wash.

Acad.

Sci., 37:

411.

Distribution: Southern Veracruz to Honduras on Atlantic, from Guerrero to Guatemala on Pacific slope.

—

117

• ***

REPTILIA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

GEOPHIS

GEOPHIS Wagler Catostotna chalybeum Wagler. Type-species: I83O Catostoma Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amphib.: l')i. Substitute name for Catostoma Wagler, I83O, to prevent I83O Geoph s Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amphib.: 3^2. Type-species: Catostoma chalybeum Waaler. confusion with Qa t n?;tnmii.s Lesueur, I8I7, a fish; Rabdosoma sem idol iatum Dumeril, Type-species: I853 Rabdosoma Oumeril, Mem. Acad. Sc . , 2J: 440. Bibron, and Dumeril. Coloboqnathus Type-species: I855 Coloboqnathus Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1859= 275Hoffmann Peters. Type-species; Geophidium dubium I86I Geoph idium Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1861: 523Peters. Type-species: Colophrys rhodoqaster 1868 Colophrys Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 1868: I3O. Cope. Type-species: Rabdosoma sem idol iatum Dumeril, I883 Paraqeoph is Bocourt, Miss. Sc . Mex., Rept.: 53*' Bibron, and Dumeril. Type-species: Geoph 5 b icolor Gunther. I894 Pi rosema Boule^ger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 2: 298. i

i

i

i

i

i

Tamaulipas and Chihuahua, Mexico to northwestern Colombia.

Distribution:

Content: 3* species arranged in seven species-groups, according to the most recent revision by 22 species are extral im tal, all in Downs, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I3I, 1967' i

Mex ico.

Clave de especies

Key to the species 1.

Dorsal scales Dorsal scales

in in

1.

I7 rowsI5 rows-

Escamas dorsales en I7 filas Escamas dorsales en I5 filas

2

6

2.

Dorsal scales distinctly keeled on at least posterior half of body 3 Dorsal scales smooth, or keeled only above the 4 vent region

2.

Escamas dorsales dist intamente quilladas a lo menos en la mitad posterior del cuerpo 3 Escamas dorsales lisas, quilladas solo sobre la region anal 4

3.

nasal s Dorsum unicolor brownish to blackish Dorsum light with dark blotches or saddles dunn

3.

Dorse unicolor pardo negruzco Dorso claro con manchas oscuras, con forma de silla de montar

Supraocular present, frontal not in orbit 5 Supraocular absent, frontal in orbit (Fig. l) rhodoqaster

4.

i

i

4.

Fig.

1.

5.

Supraocular present; parietal not in orbit (Fig. 2); color of rostral and prenasals similar to adjacent scales 7 Supraocular absent; parietal enters orbit (f^'G' 3); rostral and prenasals whitish, contrasting with adjacent head scales qodman

6.

i

is

dunn

i

Supraoculares presentes; frontal no conforma la orbita 5 Supraoculares ausentes; frontal conforma la orbita (Fig. l) rhodoqaster

rhodoqaster (all figures

immacula tus Dorsum un icolor Dorsum with light lateral blotches on dark f ul voout ta tus ground col 01

nasal sin

in

Geoph

i

s

after Downs, I967)

immaculatus Dorso unicolor Dorso con manchas claras lateralmente, sobre f ul voqu t ta tus f ondo oscuro

Supraocular presente; parietal no conforma la orbita (Fig. 2); rostral y prenasales de color similar al de las escamas adyacentes ] Supraocular ausente; parietal conforma la orbita (Fig. 3); rostral y prenasales blanquecinas, contrastando con las escamas qodman adyacentes i

118

GEOPHIS

Fi9.

7.

Six supralab ials;

Five supralab ials;

G.

Fig«

cancellatus

venter light or not venter mostly light

8

Hoffmann 8.

7.

^'

3»

qodman

i

8 Seis supralab iales; vientre claro o no Cinco supralab iales; vientre en su mayor parte hof f mann claro i

i

Internasals not fused with prefrontals; 5 coloration not as in following Internasals fused with prefrontals (Fig. 2); dark dorsal saddles separated by narrow light interspaces; ventrals light and immaculate

8.

cancellatus

Internasales no fusionadas con pref rontales; 5 coloracion no como el siguiente internasales fusionadas con prefrontales (Fig. 2); dorso con manchas oscuras en forma de silla de montar, separadas por interspacios angostos claros; ventrales clares, cancellatus nmaculadas i

9.

Dorsal scales smooth, or faintly keeled above the vent region 10 Dorsal scales keeled on at least the posterior half of the body 11

10. Sum of ventrals and caudals more than I/O;

snout bluntly rounded zeledon Sum of ventrals and caudals less than 1]0; snout acumi nose champ on i

i

lO.Suma de ventrales c ico redondeado Suma de ventrales c CO acumi nado i

i

brachycephalus

debilmente quilladas lisas, 10 anal quilladas, por lo menos en la 11 del cuerpo

Escamas dorsales sobre la region Escamas dorsales mitad posterior

y

y

caudales mas de I7O; hozeledon caudales menos de IJO; hochamp on i

i

i

i

ll.Loreal longer than combined nasals; greatest internasal length less than half as long as prefrontal suture; frontal one-third longer than parietal suture (Fig. 4) brachycephalus Loreal shorter than combined nasals; greatest internasal length as long as prefrontal suture; frontal twice as long as parietal suture (Fig. 5)-™—. ruthven

Fig.

5.

ll.Loreal mas larga que la suma de nasales; la mayor longitud internasal equivale a menos de la mitad del largo de la sutura prefrontal; frontal igual a un tercio del largo de la brachycephalus sutura parietal (Fig. 4) Loreal mas corta que la suma de nasales; la mayor longitud internasal es igual a la sutura prefrontal; frontal dos veces el largo de la ruthveni sutura parietal (Fig. 5)

Fig.

5'

£•

ruthven

i

ng GEOPHIS GEOPHIS BRACHYCEPHALUS (Cope) s iebold group i

1871 Coloboqnathus brachvcephalus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc Phila., I87I: 211. Type-locality: Near San Jose, Costa Rica. 1871 Coloboqnathus dol ichocephalus Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., I87I: 211. Type-locality: San Jose, Costa Rica. Geophis 1872 moestus Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) 5: 15. Type-locality: NearCartago, Costa Rica. I9O8 Geoghj-S niqroalbus Boulenger, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (s) 2: $22. Type-locality: Pavas, Colombia. 1 1^42 Geophis brachvcephalus Dunn (in part), Notulae Nat., 108: 4. 1954 Geophis bakeri Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc Bull., 36: 689. Type-locality: Isla Bonita, Cinchona, Costa Rica. 196? Geophis brachycephalus- Dcwns. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I3I: 146, fig. 19. i

.

i

—

i

Distribution:

.

Cordillera Central, Costa Rica south to Colombia; 250-2000

m.

GEOPHIS CANCELLATUS Smith sem dol iatus group i

1941 Geophis cancellatus Smith, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 99 (19): 1. Type-locality: Chicharras, Chiapas, Mexico, IO35 m. 1967 Geophis cancellatus Downs, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I3I: I29, fig. 16.

—

Distribution: Known only from the type locality; probably west to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and east into Guatemala. Landy et al,^Jour. Ohio Herp. Soc, 5, I966, 95, add a specimen from a questioned locality, near Union Juarez, Chiapas, Mexico. GEOPHIS CHAMPION! Boulenger champion group i

I894 Geophis championi Boulenger. Cat. Sn.Brit. Mus. Panama. Downs. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. 1967 Geophis championi

321, pl.l6, f(g.3.

2;

—

Univ.

Type-locality:

Chiriqui,

Mich., 131: 70, fig. I5.

Distribution: Known only from the type locality and Boquete, eastern slopes of Volcan Chiriqui, Chiriqui Prov., Panama.

GEOPHIS DUNNI Schmidt s ebold group i

i

1932 Geophis dunni Schmidt, Copeia, 1932: 8. Type-locality: Matagalpa, Nicaragua, 7O5 Downs, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I3I: I53, fig. I9. 1967 Geophis dunni

—

Distribution:

m.

Known only from type locality.

GEOPHIS FULVOGUTTATUS Mertens dub ius group 1952 Geophis f ulvoqut tatus Mertens, Zool. Anz., I49: 134. Type-locality: Hacienda Monte Cristo, Sierra de Metapan, Dept. Santa Ana, El Salvador. 1967 Geophis fulvoauttatus Downs, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I3I: 88, fig. 7,

—

Distribution:

Known only from the type locality;

in

a

cloud forest at 2200

m.

GEOPHIS GODMANI Boulenger champ on group i

i

1894 Geophis qodmani Boulenger, Cat. Sn. Brit. Mus., 2: 322, pi. 16, fig. 4. Type-locality: Costa Rica. 1967 Geophis qodmani Downs, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I3I: 72, fig. 5.

Irazu,

—

Distribution: Caribbean and Pacific slopes of central Costa Rica south to Canal Zone of Panama, between I3OO-2IOO m.

^Downs, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I3I, I967, 146, Panama may demonstrate that n qroalbus is a valid taxon. i

indicated that

a

specimen from eastern

i

i

120

__^____

GEOPHIS GEOPHIS HOFFMANNI (Peters) group s ebold i

i

1859 Colobognathus Hoffmann Peters, Monats. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 185?: 276, 4 figs. Type-locality: Costa Rica and Puerto Caballo, Costa Rica; fixed as Costa Rica by lectotype designation in Downs, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I3I, I567, I55. 188? Geophis hof f mann Bocourt . Miss. Sc . Mex., Reptiles: 525. Brattstrom and Howell, Herpetolog lea, 10: 120. 155^ Geophis bartholomew Type-locality: Arenal, 25 mi east of Jalapa, Nueva Segovia, Nicaragua, 1200 ft. 155* Geoph s acut irostr is Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc . Bull., 36: 391> ^'S- 3Type-locality: Cot, Volcan Irazu, Provincia Cartago, Costa Rica, about 55^0 ft. Downs. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I3I: I55, fig. 19. 1967 Geophis hoffmanni Distribution: Low and moderate elevations in Honduras and Nicaragua on both slopes to Panama. i

—

i

i

i

—

GEOPHIS IMMACULATUS Downs dub ius group 1967 Geophis immaculatus Downs, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 131: 9", f'g.7' Finca Lorena, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala, about I7OO f-

Distribution:

Type-locality:

Known only from the type locality; Pacific slope of Guatemala.

GEOPHIS NASALIS (Cope) group s iebold i

Type-locality: 1868 Catostoma nasale Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc . Phila., 1868: I6O. of Guatemala, Guatemala. Smith, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 99 (19): 4. 1941 Geophis nasalis 1967 Geophis nasalis- Downs, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I3I: I6O, fig, 15. i

near the city

— —

Pacific slope of Chiapas, and Guatemala, and adjacent parts of Guatemalan Plateau and Distribution; South-eastern highlands in eastern Guatemala; 6OO-I5OO mj in "coffee zone".

GEOPHIS RHODOGASTER (Cope) dub ius group Type-locality; Phila., 1868: I3O. 1868 Colophrys rhodoqaster Cope. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc vated country in the neighborhood of the city of Guatemala." Mex., Rept.: 531' 1883 Geophis rhodoqaster Boc'ourt, Miss. Sc 1967 Geophis rhodoqaster Downs, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I3I; 9^, fig. ]• i

— —

i

.

"the ele-

.

Distribution; Western part of Guatemalan Plateau, east through southeastern highlands of Guatemala and El Salvador; generally from oak-pine associations between I5OO-25OO m. GEOPHIS RUTHVENI Werner champ on group i

i

Type-locality: Sarapigui, Brazil; Geophis ruthveni Werner. Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, I34 (l): 60. in error for Sarapiqui, Provincia Heredia, Costa Rica, according to Downs, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 131, 1967, 75. Downs. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I3I: 75, fig. 5. 1967 Geophis ruthveni 192'i

—

Distribution: Caribbean slopes of western end of Cordillera Central and Pacific slopes of Cordillera Guanacaste, Costa Rica, 55''"16'^'' '"•

GEOPHIS ZELEDONI Taylor s eboldi group i

Type-locality: Finca Geophis zeledoni Taylor, Univ. Kansas Sc . Bull., 3^= ^33) ^'5- ^' Zeledon, between Volcan Barba and Volcan Poas, Costa Rica, about 6000 ft. 1967 Geophis zeledoni Downs. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., I3I: I74, fig. I9.

195''

i

—

Distribution: Slopes of Volcan Poas between I6OO and 2000 m, Cordillera Central of Costa Rica.

REPTILIA:

SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE

"^

1^

**

GOMESOPHIS

GOMESOPHIS Hoge and Mertens iqSq GomesoDhis Hoge and Mertens, Senck. Biol., 40: 242.

Distribution: Content:

Type-species:

Tachyinenis brasiliensis Gomes.

Estados de Minas Gerais, SSo Paulo, Parang, and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

One species.