241
Work & Industry in Tredegar during the 19th century A Key Stage 2 Educational Resource Pack Part 7—Teacher’s Notes, Further Activities & Sources
242
Teachers’ Notes Use of the materials included in this pack as a learning resource or case study will be relevant to the following programmes of study: Wales KS2 / History Changes to people’s daily lives in the locality in the nineteenth century Wales KS3 / History Changes that happened in Wales, Britain and the wider world between 1760 and 1914 and people’s reactions to them This resource pack was produced, as the result of the generous support of the Heritage Lottery Fund and Cymal, by the Access to Heritage Project, Blaenau Gwent County Borough Council, Bedwellty House, Morgan Street, Tredegar, NP22 3XN [Email: heritage@blaenau-gwent.gov.uk; Web: www.access2heritagebg.co.uk; Tel: 01495 355662]. Many of the activities suggested in this resource need to be undertaken by visiting Tredegar Museum, which welcomes school visits by prior arrangement. The museum is situated within Tredegar Library, The Circle, Tredegar, NP22 3PS. Visits are free of charge. Many of the visual resources used in this resource pack were kindly supplied by the Tredegar Community Archive Group who are based at Tredegar Museum. The archive contains an extensive collection of images from Tredegar’s past and can be accessed by contacting Tredegar Museum by email or by visiting the museum. [Tel: 01495-726506 or email: archiveclub@hotmail.co.uk].
243
Further activities
Blaenau Gwent Local Studies Resource Centre at Tredegar library is an excellent, free resource, which is available for research. It welcomes school visits by prior arrangement. It contains an extensive library of books, journals, directories, maps, newspapers and photographs of Blaenau Gwent and, provides free access to online family history resources such as Ancestry and Findmypast, which include census, birth, marriage and burial records. Please contact Tredegar Library, The Circle, Tredegar, NP22 3PS [Tel: 01495 357869 or email: tredegar.library@blaenau-gwent.gov.uk].
244
Opened in 2011 at the former steelworks site at Ebbw Vale, the Gwent Archives Service offers free research facilities and advice for teachers and schools. It contains an unrivalled and unique collections of historical records for Gwent, which are available for research. School visits, which include a behind the scenes tour of conservation laboratory and store rooms, are welcome by prior arrangement. Please contact: Gwent Archives, General Offices, Steelworks Road, Ebbw Vale, NP23 6DN [Email: enquiries@gwentarchives.gov.uk; Web: www.gwentarchives.gov.uk; Tel: 01495 353363]
245
Sources: Page 5: (Extract from) History of Tredegar, Evan Powell, 1884. Page 6: Map of Monmouthshire, Saxton, 1637. Gwent Archives. Misc Maps 49 Page 7: Map of Monmouthshire, J. Ellis, 1766. Gwent Archives. Misc Maps 58 Page 8: Map of Monmouthshire, John Cary, 1789. Gwent Archives. Misc Maps 63 Page 10: ‘Abercarne, Monmouthshire, 1815’ by Frances Bunsen. Newport Library collection Pages 11 & 13: History of Tredegar by Evan Powell, 1884 (2008 reprint , pp. 254-255, drawn by John B. Hilling). Page 14: Map of Monmouthshire, Greenwood, 1831. Gwent Archives. Misc Maps 69 Page 15: [left] Newport Docks by J.F. Mullock, Newport Museum. [right] Penderyn tramroad, Aberdare Library Page 16: (Extract from) History of Brecknockshire by Theophilus Jones, 1809. Page 18: [left] Inquiry into the Employment and Condition of Children in Mines and Manufactories, 1842. [right] W.E. Jones collection, National Museum of Wales Page 22: [left] A History of Tredegar from The Establishment of the Ironworks to The Present Day. David Morris, 1868; [right] William Clayton worker portraits, Cyfarthfa Castle Museum collection Page 23: (Extract from) Inquiry into the Employment and Condition of Children in Mines and Manufactories, 1842. & William Clayton worker portraits, Cyfarthfa Castle Museum collection Page 24: (Extract from) Inquiry into the Employment and Condition of Children in Mines and Manufactories, 1842. Pages 25 & 26: Disused Patch Workings, Tredegar, 1960s. Tredegar Community Archive Group Page 27: The Elled Patch, Beaufort, South Wales. British Geological Survey. National Museum of Wales Page 28: (Extract from) History of Tredegar, Evan Powell, 1884.
246
Pages 29, 32 & 33: (Extracts) Inquiry into the Employment & Condition of Children in Mines & Manufactories, 1842 Page 30: 1841 census for Long Row, Tredegar. National Archives Page 31: Carpenter, Ann. Munby Illustrations, Cambridge University Library. 97/2 (from back: f.24v) Pages 31 & 32: (Extracts from) Inquiry into the Employment and Condition of Children in Mines and Manufactories, 1842 Page 34: Opening of sluice gates to scouring pond [reconstruction drawing], Michael Blackmore Page 36: 1861 census for Plumber’s Row, Tredegar. National Archives Page 37: William Clayton worker portraits, Manchester City Gallery collection Page 40: ‘South Wales Docks’, 1947. Great Western Railway poster. Artwork by Albert G Martin. Published by the Docks and Inland Waterways. Science & Society Picture Library. XUKC001385 Page 41: ‘Coalbrookdale by Night’, 1801. Oil painting by Philippe Jacques de Loutherbourg. Science & Society Picture Library. MTLC000001 Pages 42 & 43: (Extracts from) History of Tredegar, Evan Powell, 1884; ‘A Plain Representation of the Teams and Trams of Coal brought down to Pillgwenlly by Samuel Homfray’, Oil on panel by John Thomas, 1821. National Museum of Wales. NMW A 2834 Page 44: Steam locomotive 'Wylam Dilly', 1862. [built 1813]. Science & Society Picture Library. RLOB018319 SCM/18319 Page 45: 'Iron Duke' locomotive at Chippenham Station, Wiltshire, c.1850. Watercolour by Sean Bolan depicts the locomotive designed by Daniel Gooch (1816-1889) in 1847. Science & Society Picture Library. RH1C000311. NRP/63-148 Page 46: [left] 'The Tub: At the End of the Coalface', 1934. Oil painting by Gilbert Daykin. Science & Society Picture Library. MINC000003; [right] ‘Fire-raising on a class 5 4-6-0 engine, 1936.’ Science & Society Picture Library. RLOA300601. NRM/LMS/8009
247
Page 47: 'The Great Eastern', 1859. Chromolithograph by T G Dutton. Steamship, built of iron & designed by I.K.Brunel. Science & Society Picture Library. WATC000217 Page 48: Coal boilers being stoked on a ship, c.1920s. Science & Society Picture Library. WATA006962 Page 50: 15-ton block of coal. Postcard c.1910. Tredegar Community Archive Group. Page 51: Coal Wagons, West End, Blaina, 1916. Postcard. Page 52: William Clayton worker portraits, National Museum of Wales. DI002391 Page 53: W.E. Jones collection, National Museum of Wales. DI001945 Page 54: ‘Miners digging for coal, South Wales, 24 June 1931’. Daily Herald. Photograph by James Jarche. Science & Society Picture Library. MIND000167 Page 55: Undercutting at the coal face, Foxyard’s Pit, Staffordshire, c.1890s. Photograph by H.W. Hughes. Science & Society Picture Library. MINM010019 Pages 56 & 57: W.E. Jones collection, National Museum of Wales. Page 58: Pit ponies, 1931. Daily Herald. Science & Society Picture Library. MIND0 1983-5236_A01424A Pages 59 & 60: Colliers returning from work. Tredegar Community Archive Group Pages 61 & 62: W.E. Jones collection, National Museum of Wales. DI000836 Page 66: South Wales miners, 1931. Daily Herald. Science & Society Picture Library. MIND0 1983-5236_A01428 Page 70 & 259: William Philby’s first day at work in the colliery. c.1910. National Museum of Wales. DI000904 Page 72: (Extract from) Inquiry into the Employment and Condition of Children in Mines and Manufactories, 1842 Page 73: W.E. Jones collection, National Museum of Wales. DI002288 Pages 74 to 76: (Extracts) Inquiry into the Employment & Condition of Children in Mines and Manufactories, 1842 Page 77: Nantyglo. Munby Illustrations, Cambridge University Library. 97/2 (from back: f.6)
248
Pages 78, 80 to 95, 98: (Extracts from) Inquiry into the Employment and Condition of Children in Mines and Manufactories, 1842 Page 79: Yard Level, Tredegar. Tredegar Community Archive Group Pages 97 & 100: W.E. Jones collection, National Museum of Wales. DI001945 Page 99: ‘Falling in of a Mine’ from ‘Underground life, or, Mines and miners’ by Louis Simonin, 1869. Science & Society Picture Library. MIND000193 Page 101: ‘Testing the roof in a mine shaft, Ramrod Hall Pit, Staffordshire, c 1890s.’ Photograph by H.W. Hughes Science & Society Picture Library. MINM010023 Page 102: ‘Inundation of a Mine’ from ‘Underground life, or, Mines and miners’ by Louis Simonin, 1869. Science & Society Picture Library. MIND000194 Page 103: ‘Explosion of Fire-damp’ from ‘Underground life, or, Mines and miners’ by Louis Simonin, 1869. Science & Society Picture Library. MIND000190 Page 104: Bedwellty Colliery Explosion—Scene of disaster. Illustrated London News, 1 July 1865. Page 105: Bedwellty Colliery Explosion—Funeral procession for dead. Illustrated London News, 1 July 1865. Page 106: Bedwellty Pits, Tredegar, 1910s. Tredegar Community Archive Group Pages 107 & 108: Frightful Explosion and Loss of Life at Tredegar. Bristol Mercury, 24 June 1865. Pages 110 to 111; 113 to 119; 123 to 126; 128; 130 to 132: (Extracts from) Inquiry into the Employment and Condition of Children in Mines and Manufactories, 1842 Page 127: [part of] Cyfarthfa Ironworks by William Pamplin, 1801. Cyfarthfa Castle Museum collection Page 129 & 131: Dowlais Ironworks by George Childs, 1840. National Museum of Wales. 77.26I/1 Page 130: Filling a blast furnace. Cyfarthfa Castle Museum collection Page 133: Bristol Mercury (newspaper), Monday 12 April 1819
249
Page 137: Ironworks Interior by Thomas Tudor 1810-15. National Library of Wales collection. gcf01205 Page 138: Iron pigs & [part of] watercolour painting of unknown ironworks. Cyfarthfa Castle Museum collection. Page 139: [top row] ‘The Cast Iron Bridge over the River Severn near Coalbrookdale’, 1823 by M.Dubourg. Science & Society Picture Library, CIVC000132; ‘Brig of War's 12 Pounder Carronade’, 1829 by E.W. Cooke - a short, large-calibre gun, mainly used by the Royal Navy. Science & Society Picture Library, WARD000079; [bottom row] Iron artefacts from Cyfarthfa Castle Museum collection. Pages 140 & 141: Puddlers at Cwmbran. National Museum of Wales collection. DI002275 Page 142 & 146: Cyfarthfa Ironworks by Penry Williams, 1825. Cyfarthfa Castle Museum collection. Pages 143 to 144; 147 to 150; 152 to 154; 156: (Extracts from) Inquiry into the Employment and Condition of Children in Mines and Manufactories, 1842 Page 145: Cyfarthfa Ironworks by J.C.Ibbetson, 1790s. Cyfarthfa Castle Museum collection. Page 155: ‘Sackcloth and Ashes: Tip girl returning from work’ by T.H.Thomas, 1880. Cyfarthfa Castle Museum collection. Page 157: ‘Brynbach Pit, Tredegar’. Munby Illustrations, Cambridge University Library. 97/2 (from back: f.18v) Page 158: Brick mould from Pontypool Museum. Pages 159 & 160: Tredegar Brickworks, c.1900. Tredegar Community Archive Group Page 161: Blaenafon Company Brickworks c.1900. Private collection Page 162: Blaenafon Company’s [Brick] Works. Munby Illustrations, Cambridge University Library. 97/2 (from back: f.5v) Page 164: Watercolour painting of unknown ironworks by unknown artist of unknown date. Possibly Pont Gwaith yr Haearn. Cyfarthfa Castle Museum collection. Pages 168 to 169: 1891 census for Plumber’s Row, Tredegar. National Archives
250
Pages 176 to 178: 1851 census for Plumber’s Row, Tredegar. National Archives Pages 188 to 189: 1861 census for Plumber’s Row, Tredegar. National Archives Page 196: Tredegar Iron Company ‘truck’ tokens, 1812. Tredegar Museum. Pages 197 & 198: (Extracts from) Inquiry into the Employment and Condition of Children in Mines and Manufactories, 1842 Page 198: (Extract from) History of Tredegar, Evan Powell, 1884. Page 199: Tredegar Company Shop. Tredegar Community Archive Group Page 200: Samuel Lewis’ Topographical Dictionary of England & Wales, 1831 Pages 201 & 202: Pigot & Company’s Directory, 1835 Pages 203 & 204: Pigot & Company’s Directory, 1844 Pages 205 to 210: Slater’s Directory, 1858-1859 Pages 211 to 214: Kelly’s Directory, 1901 Page 216: Sirhowy Ironworks. c. 1880. Tredegar Community Archive Group Page 217: Sirhowy Ironworks [reconstruction drawing] by Michael Blackmore Page 218: Samuel Homfray c.1790. Private Collection. Page 219: ‘Sketch of the Tredegar Iron Works August 7th 1809’ by Richard Fothergill junior. Gwent Archives collection D1147.13 Page 220: Tredegar Ironworks, 1864. Artist unknown. Tredegar Community Archive Group Pages 221 & 222: Tredegar Ironworks, 1890. Tredegar Community Archive Group Page 223: Graham’s Navigation Colliery, c.1900. Tredegar Community Archive Group Page 224: Pochin Colliery, c.1910. Tredegar Community Archive Group
251
Page 225: Ty Trist Colliery, c.1900. Tredegar Community Archive Group Pages 226 & 227: Whitworth Colliery c.1910. Tredegar Community Archive Group Pages 229 to 236: William Clayton worker portraits - National Museum of Wales, Cyfarthfa Castle Museum and Manchester City Gallery collections. Pages 237 to 240 (Extracts from) Inquiry into the Employment and Condition of Children in Mines and Manufactories, 1842
A note on copyright: Copyright is reserved for all sources contained in this resource. Permission to reproduce, copy or publish any of the enclosed images and text in any form including digital copying and electronic formats is strictly forbidden. Application for reproduction must be made to the appropriate repository cited above. Please send any enquiries to the Access to Heritage Project at Blaenau Gwent County Borough Council.