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♦ February 20, 2014 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

farm&ranch ROUNDUP –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– SPRING 2014 EDITION ♦ BIG NICKEL

GETTING STUCK CAN BOG DOWN SAFETY Published: Thursday, Sept. 12, 2013 Story source:Karen Funkenbusch, 573-8822731 COLUMBIA, Mo. –

Look in the back of any farm pickup and you’re likely to see a set of rusty log chains that will come in handy when a friend or neighbor gets stuck in a ditch or a field. But without proper precautions, those handy chains can be deadly, says University of Missouri Extension rural safety and health specialist Karen Funkenbusch. Every year hundreds of people with neighborly intentions are injured or killed in accidents while trying to pull out a stuck farm vehicle. Lost time in the field means lost money, and that leads many to proceed without caution and proper equipment, Funkenbusch said. Shortcuts can cause chains, straps and clevises to snap and strike drivers, passengers or bystanders. Broken metal chains can become deadly missiles that crash through window glass, sending debris flying with tremendous

force and speed. Hooks and links should have a rating capacity equal to the chain and operators should know those ratings. Know how deep the stuck vehicle is, she said. If the vehicle is stuck on a slick surface such as snow, it may pull out easily by simply getting the vehicle to move forward, but if the axle is buried, you will need more towing power. You should know if the tailpipe is covered and dig out around the tires to break the suction of the mud. Know the size of the towing equipment and make sure the towing vehicle is large enough. Apply power slowly and smoothly, and remain calm, Funkenbusch says. To prevent broken chains from flying through windshields, Funkenbusch recommends lifting a toolbox lid to protect the back of the truck and raising the hood to protect the front windshield. Another suggestion is to put a tire on the towing device to weigh it down and prevent it

from going through a windshield if it breaks, Funkenbusch said. Also, remember to have nonessential people leave the scene, and never mix alcohol and towing. Funkenbusch gives the following recommendations on when it is time to call a professional rather than rely on a friend or relative for help: • If the towing vehicle’s tires spin and smoke. • If attachments such as chains and straps break. • If multiple chains, ropes or straps are needed. • If you don’t know rated capacity for towing equipment. • If extracting the vehicle requires a running start from the towing vehicle. It is natural instinct to back up and get a running start to yank out equipment, but this is the worst mistake you can make with a chain, because they can snap.

flowing grain within seconds,” she said. The cost for a lockout kit to prevent this is about $100. The savings are priceless. “Entrapment by flowing grain can be prevented by restricting access to the grain. Use locks on bin doors and hatches to present unauthorized access,” she added. And adults should enforce a policy of not allowing riding or playing in grain wagons or other transport vehicles. Second, use a body harness with an anchored lifeline when entering from a level at or above stored grain. The harness costs and $250 and 100 feet of rope costs about $100. Savings are priceless. “Research shows that rescuing someone from grain is not easy,” Funkenbusch says. “The force ranges from 325 pounds for an average 165-pound person buried in hipdeep grain, to more than 1,500 pounds to rescue the same person who’s 3 feet under the grain surface!” Running fans to aerate grain before entering will help improve ventilation, at small cost per kilowatt-hour. “Never walk on or down the grain to make it flow,” she said. Grain may become crusted on top and might look stable, but the “bridge” might be formed over a large air pocket that will serve as a deadly tunnel in which a person can be sucked into and suffocated within seconds. It costs only seconds to think about safety. The cost for a few extra kilowatts is small; the savings are priceless. “Have a trained observer outside the bin,” she said. This person can act as a contact with the person inside the bin and can call for help if needed. The cost, depending on the hourly wage, probably is less than $10. Again, the savings are priceless.

Grain bin safety costs a little, saves a lot Published: Tuesday, Sept. 10, 2013 Story source:Karen Funkenbusch, 573-882-2731 COLUMBIA, Mo. –

It costs less than $500 to make it safer to enter farm grain bins, says a University of Missouri Extension rural safety and health specialist. “You can’t afford not to follow safe procedures,” says Karen Funkenbusch as the harvest season approaches. While $500 may sound like a lot, the savings are priceless, she says. Entering grain bins is dangerous, and

farm safety experts say grain producers should develop a “zero entry” mentality. “Stay out of the bin,” Funkenbusch says. “But if you must enter, do not go alone. Grain entrapment is one of the least understood hazards in today’s family farm operations.” There are simple, inexpensive safety techniques that can help avoid grain bin fatalities. First, turn off and disconnect or lock out all power equipment such as augers. “With today’s high-capacity loading and unloading systems, people are helpless in

“Confirm that all safety precautions are in place,” she said. “Always avoid entering a grain storage bin if at all possible, but if you must, follow safe procedures. You can’t afford not to,” Funkenbusch said. What if there is an accident? Funkenbusch recommends the following: • Shut off all unloading equipment. • Call 911. • Stop anyone from entering the scene until trained emergency personnel arrive.

• If tempers flare. It’s one thing to pull out stuck equipment, but quite another when the equipment is carrying potentially hazardous materials such as pesticide spray, fertilizer, liquid manure or fuel. If the stuck vehicle is carrying hazardous material, Funkenbusch offers this advice to protect the environment: Consider unloading materials from the stuck vehicle to reduce weight and prevent spillage. Not only will this reduce the likelihood of spillage, the load will be lighter. Isolate the pumps and materials. Inspect hoses and fittings to make sure they are intact and won’t be ripped off as the vehicle is pulled. Have protective equipment and emergency numbers on hand in case of a spill. If all else fails, Funkenbusch said, take your time and call a professional. A sense of urgency has been the beginning of many a catastrophe.

Grain bin safety week sessions set Published: Wednesday, Jan. 29, 2014 Story source:Karen Funkenbusch, 573-882-2731 COLUMBIA, Mo. –

University of Missouri Extension has teamed up with Nationwide Agribusiness to provide training during National Grain Bin Safety Week, Feb. 23-March 1. Like quicksand, flowing grain will bury the average person in less than a minute. A record number of U.S. workers were killed in 2010 in preventable grain bin accidents, says University of Missouri Extension safety specialist Karen Funkenbusch. The timing of the weeklong educational event is especially important this year because freezing temperatures have formed top crusts in grain. This creates the illusion of a stable area that can be walked upon, said Frank Wideman, MU Extension natural resource engineer. When the crust breaks, moving grain quickly swallows up victims and suffocates them. “There is nothing to hang on to,” Funkenbusch said. It’s also difficult to pull someone from a grain bin. It takes more than 325 pounds of force to pull a 165-pound person out of the grain. Grain Bin Safety Week falls during February, when many farmers sell grain to make room for the 2014 harvest. MU Extension is a new partner with Nationwide Agribusiness Insurance Company, Farm Safety for Just Kids, Iowa FFA Foundation, the National Education Center for Agricultural Safety (NECAS) and others to provide seven days of training. The highlight of the training will be held 8:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Monday, Feb. 24, at the FFA Enrichment Center adjoining the Des Moines Area Community College, 1055 SW Prairie Trail Parkway, Ankeny, Iowa. Numerous learning opportunities include simulators on grain bin entrapment and manure pits, sessions on implement and driver safety, anhydrous ammonia safe-handling procedures, and demonstrations on grain dust explosion and auger safety. Bill Chisel, safety director of Heartland Co-op of West Des Moines, Iowa, will speak on what could have been done to prevent the 2011 grain entrapment of a Heartland employee and describe changes the co-op has implemented.

• If the bin has an aeration blower, turn it on to increase the airflow through the bin to help the entrapped person breathe.

A free lunch, snacks and beverages are available at the Monday session. Sign up at facebook.com/events/344984278975064 or email your contact information to bomanj@nationwide.com.

• Assemble equipment such as frontend loaders, shovels, plywood for cofferdams and portable augers for assistance with a rescue.

Other events during the week include #AgChat on Twitter, 7-9 p.m. on Tuesday, Feb. 25. Go to twubs.com/agchat.

• If you should become trapped in a grain bin or silo, stay near the outer wall and keep moving. If necessary, you can walk until the bin is empty or the flow stops. For more information, contact your MU Extension center or Funkenbusch at 800-995-8503. The MU Extension guide “Safe Storage and Handling of Grain” is available for free download at extension.missouri.edu/p/G1969.

There will be a free webinar on grain bin safety on Feb. 26. Reserve a spot at nwagcompanyevents.fugent.com/home/events.asp. Additionally, Nationwide Agribusiness and NECAS seek nominations for fire department and emergency rescue squads to receive a free bin rescue tube, valued at $2,600, and training. Information is available at GrainBinSafetyWeek.com.

BIG NICKEL ♦ SPRING 2014 EDITION ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

farm&ranch ROUNDUP –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– February 20, 2014 ♦ 03

The Unknown can have Costly Consequences

The following story is true, but the names of owners and breeds have been changed to protect the innocent. Willy Williams was an avid Angus breeder. His herd was closed, and he had been using artificial insemination to improve the genetics of his herd for many years. One year Willy decided to buy two of the best cows he could find. The president of the regional Angus association, Amy Albert, was having a sale, and she had some of the best Angus genetics around. Willy paid $6,000 each for five bred heifers: ear tags #21, 5, 18, 33 and 89. The newly purchased cattle were added to Willy’s resident herd in December, and in the spring all had lovely healthy calves. Three months after calving, Female #21 appeared thinner than the rest of the herd, and her manure was

somewhat loose. The herd was on a good parasite prevention program, but the herd veterinarian did a check for parasites on a fecal sample from Female #21 anyway. The parasite check was negative. Considering other possible causes of weight loss and diarrhea in adult cattle, the veterinarian next drew a blood sample and submitted it for Johne’s disease testing by ELISA. The result came back a week later: “Strong positive; S/P = 0.90”.

Several pressing questions arose at this point: • Is the diagnosis correct? • Should the diagnosis be confirmed? • How can the diagnosis be confirmed? • What does Willy do with Female #21 and her calf while waiting

for diagnosis confirmation if this is what he elects to do? Four months later a laboratory report came back that M. paratuberculosis was isolated from a fecal sample taken from Female #21.

Now, more questions arise: • Has the infection spread to other cattle or calves in the same pasture?

these heifers? • Did the bill of sale say anything about the health status of the cattle? • Was Willy certain the infection was not in his herd before purchase of these heifers and does he have laboratory proof of this? • Is Amy responsible for the value of #21 and her calf?

• How can the pasture be cleaned up? • Are the other cattle purchased from Amy also likely to have Johne’s disease? • Can Willy safely sell cattle to others? • Does Willy have to tell prospective buyers that Johne’s disease has been diagnosed in his herd? • Did Amy know Johne’s disease was in her herd before selling

• Is Amy responsible for costs to control Johne’s disease in Willy’s herd? • If Amy does not offer to compensate Willy, where does Willy go to find a lawyer who knows about Johne’s disease? This type of story happens all the time. Sometimes it can lead to litigation. More often it just causes either a headache, a heartache or both. Editor’s Note: Take precautions by following the “Lessons Learned.” Because registered cattle breeders— as well as commercial cow-calf pro-

LESSONS LEARNED: • Test your own herd annually to verify its Johne’s disease status. • BE A SMART BUYER. Always ask for Johne’s disease test results on the herd from which you plan to purchase cattle. • Quarantine purchased cattle until you can get one or more Johne’s disease tests done. Ideally purchased animals should be tested by both ELISA and fecal culture.

ducers—have a lot at stake, it’s wise to practice good biosecurity to protect your investment. Introduction of a chronic, infectious, untreatable disease like Johne’s disease to your herd can have devastating consequences. Borrowed from www.johnes.org, content by Dr. Michael Collins and Dr. Elizabeth Manning, University of Wisconsin.

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Carefully Considering Your Next Herd Bull It isn’t too early to begin thinking about the upcoming spring bull buying season and assessing your needs to identify that next herd sire. MANHATTAN, Kan. – With record high cattle prices and evidence of herd rebuilding in Kansas and across the nation, beef producers are likely going to buy some of the most expensive, but highest quality, bulls they have ever bought this upcoming spring bull buying season, said Dan Moser, associate professor and beef cattle genetics specialist for K-State Research and Extension. “Seedstock producers across Kansas and the country are producing the best bulls ever with the use of technology, expected progeny differences (EPDs) and DNA tests,” Moser said. “That information allows commercial producers to make more genetic progress using the same technology.”

ciency.”

Enhancing efficiency While some producers might have access to high-quality forages, others might have a more low-maintenance approach for their herd. Still keeping in mind the opportunity for future herd rebuilding, Moser said, producers should think about the daughters of their next herd sire and how those daughters might function in the current environment. “Depending on how limited your forages might be and your grazing season, cow size and milk level are two big things to consider,” Moser said “As we’ve increased mature size and harvest weights in beef cattle, as well as milk production in almost every breed, we’ve also increased feed requirements. I think we need to ask ourselves, ‘Are we at the right level for our production environment?’” In addition, Moser said it is good practice for commercial breeders to know the seedstock producers with whom they are doing business and how they manage their cattle.

For producers planning to buy a new herd bull this spring, now is the time to begin anticipating the potential high demand and price, while identifying the traits needed in that next sire. Moser said a good place for producers to start is writing out a job description for the next bull or bulls they plan to purchase. This description will depend on the producers’ marketing system now and in the next few years, goals for genetic improvement and their particular crossbreeding program.

“Ideally, you want to find seedstock suppliers who manage their cows in the same way you manage your commercial cows,” he said. “If they have a similar nutrition program, you can feel more comfortable that when those genetics come into your commercial herd, they will work for you.”

Fulfilling the needs of your situation

Improving genetics and profitability

The cattle industry, Moser said, is currently in a rebuilding phase due to recent drought and market conditions. Many producers who have retained a large number of heifers might view calving ease as a top priority in that next herd sire—a different approach perhaps than those producers who plan to use their bull mostly on mature cows. For producers who have both heifers and mature cows, another solution might be to use artificial insemination (AI) on the heifers, Moser said. “Consider heat synchronization of your yearling heifers before the breeding season,” he said. “AI them one time, and try to get a reasonably high number of them bred before turning out a clean-up bull. This might actually lower your breeding costs and shorten the calving season.” Along with herd inventory, Moser said producers should think about prioritizing the traits needed in a sire to match their revenue stream. “If they are primarily selling calves at weaning, the traits to prioritize might be different than someone who retains ownership of their calves through the feedlot phase and market their cattle on a grid directly to the packer,” he said. Also, assessing current genetics, sires used in the past and any possible deficiencies in the herd are important, Moser said. “In any trait, we can have too much as well as too little,” he said. “Are you where you want to be in terms of mature cow size and weaning weights? With some of the feed cost structures we’ve gone through in the past few years, there has been more emphasis on cow effi-

Moser said producers need to understand the EPDs of the breeds they are working with, as each breed has its own scale, aside from Simmental and Red Angus, which are directly comparable. Examples of profit indexes producers might use include the Angus $W (Dollar Weaning) or $B (Dollar Beef), Hereford BMI$ (Baldy Maternal Index) or Simmental API (All-Purpose Index), for example. Profit indexes help weigh the traits—how much of one trait is worth a unit of another—to emphasize the traits most important to profitability. “You have to match those values with your production and marketing system,” Moser said. “If you are someone who sells calves at weaning, an Angus $W is the right index to use, but if you are retaining ownership, then $B should be emphasized for that sire.” Genomic-enhanced EPDs, which incorporate DNA tests of the animal into the EPD calculation, provide for even more useful information for bull buyers, Moser said. “This is one of the biggest improvements we’ve made in the last few years,” he said. “We’ve had some DNA test information for over 10 years in beef cattle, but that information was not combined with the performance data and pedigree information in the associations’ databases. Now with most of the major breeds, the DNA tests are another piece of information that adds accuracy to EPDs.”

Crossbreeding systems are crucial to increase profitability in commercial cattle operations, Moser said. Heterosis helps enhance traits such as reproductive rate, cow longevity, calf vigor and many others that producers might not notice as easily as pay weight. “With today’s feed costs, anything we can do to increase calving rate and weaning rate is important,” Moser said. “Crossbreeding is a big part of that.” In identifying the breed of that next herd sire, producers should study up on the strong traits of the particular breeds they are considering and choose one that compliments the genetics they currently have, Moser said. If they haven’t developed a crossbreeding system yet, producers should keep it simple. “There are many types of crossbreeding situations and systems out there, but probably a simple two-breed rotation is a good place to start if you haven’t been crossbreeding,” Moser said. “Another good option is the use of hybrid or composite bulls. Those bulls offer heterosis and breed complementarity in a system as simple as pure breeding.” Knowing the EPDs for each breed and the breed averages, in addition to any profit indexes available, is more important when selecting a bull than any actual data ratios. The EPDs and profit indexes provide information on how the bull’s progeny will perform and offer a greater herd improvement outlook. “EPDs can be compared ranch-to-ranch, across an entire breed,” Moser said. “So that’s the most objective and accurate information to use in making selection decisions.”

Moser said producers should use the genomicenhanced EPDs the same way they normally would, but they can be more confident that the accuracy has increased. “In many cases, having genomic information gives you the same accuracy as if you had five to 15 progeny on a bull,” he said.

Buying tactics After producers have identified the job descriptions and traits for their new herd bull or bulls, they should think about how to make the purchase. Moser said there are different things to consider when buying a bull at auction versus private treaty. It comes down to buyer preference and level of comfort. “Obviously at an auction there is clearer price discovery, and it’s a very quick process,” Moser said. “At the same time, some producers like to have an extended conversation with their seedstock supplier and get to know their program in more depth. That may require a visit prior to auction or in a private treaty sale, sitting down with the seedstock supplier to make sure their goals and yours are similar.” Another important tip for producers is to make sure that the young bulls they are buying have been evaluated for breeding soundness, Moser said, so the bulls are ready to go out and work for the producers. More information about beef breeding and genetics and herd bull buying strategies can be found on the K-State Department of Animal Sciences and Industry website.

farm&ranch ROUNDUP –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– February 20, 2014 ♦ 05

FEEDING WASTE MILK TO DAIRY CALVES Dan N. Waldner Extension Dairy Specialist Oklahoma State University Michael L. Looper Extension Dairy Specialist New Mexico State University Ellen R. Jordan Extension Dairy Specialist Texas A&M University Sandra A. Stokes Extension Dairy Specialist Texas A&M University

Dairy producers feed a variety of liquid feeds to young calves after the initial colostrum. These liquid feeds include surplus colostrum, whole milk, transition milk, waste or discard milk, and milk replacer. Waste or discard milk is milk that cannot be sold for human consumption because it comes from cows treated with antibiotics for mastitis or other illnesses. Discarded milk losses range from 48 to 136 pounds of milk per cow per year. To reduce some of the economic loss, 38% of dairy producers feed waste milk to calves. Many dairy producers avoid feeding waste milk to calves for fear of increasing calf morbidity or increasing the incidence of heifers calving with mastitis or blind quarters. In early studies, calves were generally housed in pens that enabled them to suckle the rudimentary teats of other calves. This led to an increase in the incidence of mastitis in developing heifers. Research shows that calves fed waste milk have similar growth rates and incidence of scouring as milk-fed controls.

er. This should reduce possible transmission of infectious microorganisms that cause mastitis. • Do not feed waste milk from antibiotictreated cows to calves intended for meat production. Antibiotic residues from the milk could be deposited in the tissues of the calves.

Waste Milk Storage The need to handle large quantities of waste milk requires dairy operators to have the proper equipment. A small, used bulk tank can store the daily production of waste milk. This allows pooling of all sources of waste milk (i.e., mastitis and/or transition milk, etc.) and reduces the chances of feeding excessively high levels of antibiotic milk in one feeding. Clean the tank at least every other day.

Pasteurization of Waste Milk Fed to Calves Young calves are susceptible to diseases. When expanding herds or buying replacements, it is important to know the complete health status of introduced cows. Feeding milk from cows of unknown health status could be harmful to the health of calves. Pasteurization safely decreases pathogens in all types of milk fed to young calves. Recently, University of California at Davis researchers reported that calves fed pasteurized milk had fewer days with diarrhea and pneumonia than calves fed unpasteurized milk. Also, calves fed pasteurized milk had greater average weight gain than calves fed non-pasteurized milk. Calves fed pasteurized milk grossed an extra $8.13/head and attributed to reduced health complications and treatment costs when compared with calves fed unpasteurized milk. The researchers calculated that 315 calves (from a dairy of approximately 1,260 cows) would need to be fed daily to make pasteurization

economically feasible. Research from the National Animal Disease Center showed that pasteurization of milk at 162°F (72°C) for 15 seconds killed all M.paratuberculosis, the bacteria responsible for Johne’s disease. To effectively destroy M. paratuberculosis in milk, a continuous-flow (turbulent) pasteurizer is necessary. A continuous-flow pasteurizer quickly heats and holds milk at temperatures that kill bacteria. The milk is then quickly cooled, maintaining the nutritional components and flavor. Bacterial organisms in milk may clump together and not be pasteurized with a batch-type (static) pasteurization system. While it is recommended that waste milk be pasteurized, pasteurization of colostrum is discouraged. The elevated temperatures associated with pasteurization can destroy immunoglobulins that are important for passive immunity transfer to young calves. Colostrum is more dense than milk, which makes it more difficult to raise pasteurization temperatures high enough to kill bacterial organisms such as M. paratuberculosis. Several bacterial organisms, including E. coli, bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), salmonella, Streptococcus species and Staphylococcus species, have been identified in waste milk. Pasteurization of waste milk reduces microbial loads before use as calf feeds. Pasteurization destroys Mycoplasma mastitis species, thus eliminating mycoplasma transmission to calves. Similarly, pasteurization destroys bovine leukosis virus (BLV), so the pasteurized milk from BLV-positive cows can be fed to calves when BLV-free milk is not available. Although pasteurization reduces the microbial load of waste milk, pasteurization is not sterilization. A heavy bacterial load in waste milk will not be completely eliminated by pasteurization, and it does not remove potential contamination from antibiotics in waste milk.

Usage Guidelines Milk from transition and sick cows cannot be sold and must be discarded. Waste milk can be fed to calves but follow a few precautions. • Before using as a calf feed, pasteurize waste milk to reduce microbial load. • Do not feed waste milk to newborn calves. • Use caution when feeding waste milk to calves that are destined for beef production. • House heifer calves individually (i.e., hutches) when feeding waste milk. • Know the health status of the cows from which waste milk is obtained. Unless milk is pasteurized, do not feed milk from cows shedding BVD, Johne’s, or from cows infected with E. coli, Pasteurella, or BLV. • Don’t allow waste milk to sit for extended periods of time without refrigeration. • Discard waste milk that is excessively bloody, watery, or unusual in appearance. Pasteurization of waste milk decreases illnesses in calves compared with no pasteurization. If handled properly, waste milk is an economical and nutritious source of liquid feed for young dairy calves.

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farm&ranch ROUNDUP –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– February 20, 2014 ♦ 07

MID-WINTER IS THE TIME TO TRIM WILD APPLE TREES OAK DUKE

One of the first things to attack with the pruning cutters and bow saw are dead branches. Old branches, especially broken by snow, wind, ice, or even a bumper crop of apples in a prior year, give pathways and entrance to all sorts of debilitating critters from bacteria to fungal colonists, all looking for a home and a place to set up shop.

More Content Now Posted Jan 23, 2014 @ 09:50 AM

Last year was a great year for apples, the best year in quite a while. Many of the older apple trees covered the ground with apples to the delight of wildlife, and a joy to those of us who like to walk through the woods in the fall and sample apples from the different trees. They say there are over 7,500 different cultivars of apples (2,500 here in the U.S.), and judging by the variety on our hills, I believe it. Some old apple trees, even now in mid-winter, are still carrying their fruit, though now soft, brown and partially fermented. They fall sporadically and attract whitetails, grouse and other critters that clean them up quickly. "As American as apple pie ..." Actually, apples are not indigenous to America any more than we are. The only native apple tree is the crab apple. Before the European colonists and missionaries put their black boots down on the New England rocks, there was not a single apple, not one apple along the North American coast, the entire continent or even the Western Hemisphere for that matter. Now, 300 years later, there are over 2,500 different varieties growing from "sea to shining sea." Apples, perhaps the most ubiquitous fruit, originated in Kazakhstan, halfway around the world. Kazakhstan is one of the "new" countries, south of Russia and north of Iran, geographically determined after the fracturing of the USSR. So apples came here as immigrants, just like all our ancestors, and at the same time. Apples migrated here in pockets, bags, packs and hands, in the bottom of barrels and in ship's holds. That's what makes them so peculiarly American. Just like us. Many trees were meticulously and carefully planted, the seeds given to certain indigenous tribes with an agrarian interest. And those trees were carefully planted and groomed. Indeed, evolving into huge orchards, such as in the case of the Seneca Iroquois in the Genesee River Valley, coming from the French missionaries. And as we all know, after eating, the handy fruit's fertile seeds, packed into the core, are often chucked off the side of a path. Talk about a successful strategy for seed dispersal! Indigenous wildlife - whitetail, grouse, raccoons, bear and squirrels - all relish apples. Apple trees increased their variety and population, sprouting and spreading their limbs as farms and settlements reached across the United States, in part in Western New York and Ohio by John Chapman (Johnny Appleseed). However,

The real key to good apple production, throughout the entire

OAK DUKE Outdoors columnist Oak Duke

apple trees do not do well in the warmer climates in the Southern U.S., especially the subtropical zone states such as Florida and southern Louisiana, as they need cooler weather to thrive. As the woodlands and trees slowly reclaimed old family farms and cleared lands, these same apple trees which once stood young and vigorous next to a barn or farmhouse are now slowly being choked within second-growth woodlots. The farm's outbuildings slowly crumble, discarded machinery rusts into the ground. But the apple trees get bigger and older and increasingly more shaded by the younger trees' faster growth and expanding canopies. Shade is bad for apples. They don't like it. Late winter is a good time to get out and literally give these old trees a hand. This wintertime work will literally bear fruit and help wildlife. As a bonus, whitetails munch the pruned twigs and limbs down to a pencil-sized diameter. January and February are ideal times to prune and train neglected apple trees, not only for better fruit and the overall appearance of the landscape, but for the health of the tree. First, trim out competing trees and brush when starting out to help one of these old neglected malus. Seems like a heavily flowering apple tree in May can give pause to even the hardest heart, most preoccupied mind, obsessed turkey hunter or focused fisherman. Trees should be pruned and trained while dormant in the dead of winter. And once their competition is removed, the tree's own limbs need to be worked on because it actually shades itself. There are rules and aphorisms about pruning apple trees. One of my favorites is: "You know an apple tree is pruned just right if you can throw a cat through the branches." But a general, oft-quoted rule is the "rule of thirds." And that is prune back a third of the tree each year for three years.

tree, is for it to have even sunlight distribution. We've all seen old apple trees with all the fruit on one side, or in a couple places on the tree. This is a potential disaster for the tree just waiting to happen. Sometimes, the weight of the fruit breaks the limb! All that needs to be done is a bit of judicious pruning, first to the competition (other nearby trees and bushes) and then to the tree, itself. Apple trees should be pruned, starting at the top first. There, they are often excessively vigorous and produce few apples, being overly concerned with leaf

and wood growth. Apples there are big, soft and sparse. At the bottom of the tree, in the lowest layers, it's just the opposite; usually, they are smaller, hard and bunched. Branches are overly dense and shade each other too much there. The best apples are most often found in between the two extremes. Oak Duke is an outdoors columnist based in upstate New York.

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(NAPS)—Just about every American farm family includes an unsung hero: the “farm mom.” Doing everything from keeping the books to combining the fields, 30 percent of today’s primary farm operators are women. They grow our food, our economy and our way of life—while also growing the next generation. The America’s Farmers Mom of the Year contest recognizes these amazing women. From Arizona to Maine, vegetable farms to cattle ranches, supporters shared their favorite farm mom’s contributions. American Agri-Women whittled down the vast pool of worthy nominations to five regional winners.

America’s farm women are recognized in a special way.

From the Northwest: “An orthopedic surgeon raised in Detroit, she knew in her heart she was born to be a Montana rancher. She received an Angus bull instead of an engagement ring.” From the Midwest: “She is a strong

voice for agriculture and is an amazing example of a woman farmer. I could not imagine a better partner.” From the Southwest: “Mom takes great pride in promoting agriculture and her life as a dairy farmer. Every year, up to 1,500 children come to visit the dairy. My mom has always inspired those around her.” From the Northeast: “Travel with me to the gently rolling hills of Ohio to meet a true champion for agriculture. My mom has raised pigs, cows, sheep, corn, beans, wheat, children and now grandchildren.” From the Southeast: “Elizabeth is the glue that holds our family together. Whether she is driving a tractor, feeding cows or caring for her family, she is 100 percent on the job.” Visit www.AmericasFarmers.com to read full nominations and learn about the other ways Monsanto supports U.S. farmers.

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farm&ranch ROUNDUP –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– February 20, 2014 ♦ 09

GOING GREEN WITH

WIND TURBINES ADAM KING When people think about finding green sources of energy, they often turn to solar power. While it is true that solar energy is a clean alternative to using traditional fuels such as gas and electricity, it is not the only green option available. Wind turbine energy is method of generating energy that is not new in theory since there are many who know how to generate electricity using wind. However, wind turbine energy is still a new form of powering an entire home.

Wind Turbines vs Solar Panels Both solar panels and wind turbines generate power that can be used as an alternative to fossil fuels. Since solar energy and power generated using wind turbines is clean and easily renewable they can both be used by people who are looking for ways to reduce their carbon foot prints by reducing the amount of fumes that are emitted into the atmosphere. It is believed that if the planet turned away from traditional forms of power such as oil and coal the greenhouse affected

(the warming of the Earth's climate) could possibly be reduced. The problem is, people who are interested in clean power do not know whether they should choose solar power or wind turbines. When making your choice think about your climate. If your home does not receive direct exposure to the sun on a regular basis, you might want to consider wind turbines. Remember, the energy stored by solar panels is depleted as electrical appliances are used, so if you are not able to constantly renew your solar energy wind turbines are the best, green, alternative.

Saving Money With Wind Turbines The cost of installing a home wind turbine might be enough to discourage many homeowners. Since using wind turbines to fuel homes is still new, manufacturers and installation specialists have not had enough time to develop cheaper ways to build and install wind turbines. Having a wind turbine installed for private use can cost from several hundred to several thousand dollars.

The final cost is determined by the amount of energy you and your family will be using since this will influence how much power your wind turbine will need to generate. However, it is important to remember that after the wind turbine is installed you will have a limitless amount of energy at your disposal. Once a wind turbine is working you will no longer have to worry about paying monthly electricity bills which will save you thousands of dollars each year. In fact, your wind turbine should be able to pay for itself after only a year or two. Going green is a choice that will help you and the environment. By switching to turbine fueled energy you and your family will be able to drastically decrease your monthly electricity costs. Also, switching to wind generated energy will help the environment by reducing the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. You might also be able to further help the environment by starting a conservation trend in your neighborhood.

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Register now to attend March 11-12 No-Till Oklahoma Conference NORMAN, Okla. – Agricultural producers interested in exploring how no-till practices may benefit their operations should register now to attend the seventh annual No-Till Oklahoma Conference set for March 11-12 in Norman. “No-till management has proven to be a success in most crop rotations in the Southern Plains, especially where water is the primary factor limiting crop productivity,” said Jason Warren, Oklahoma State University Cooperative Extension soil and water conservation-management specialist. “Think of the conference as one-stop shopping, with discussions and educational sessions providing insights that should prove useful to beginning and experienced producers alike.”

NO-TILL ANXIETY: GETTING STARTED Many producers have probably considered switching to a no-till production system at one time or another, but have felt anxiety about switching from their conventional tillage practices. It’s natural for anyone who has farmed for any length of time to feel anxious about trying a new system. For a producer to establish and learn a new system, it may seem daunting, but it can be done with careful planning and surrounding yourself with knowledgeable people. Following are a few obvious benefits of no- till and some general suggestions if considering a switch to no-till. The biggest attribute of no-till is the long-term productivity of your soil. When a soil is tilled, it loses a key ingredient, carbon. Soil carbon makes up more than half of the soil organic matter. Soil organic matter is a critical determinant in water-holding capacity, biological activity, aggregate stability and overall soil productivity. Soil organic matter has continued to decrease during the past several decades due to intensive tillage. In the western part of Oklahoma, organic matter levels in soils prior to tillage were as high as 4 to 6 percent. Today, it is hard to find a conventional tilled soil with organic matter greater than 2 percent. Research has indicated no-till increases organic matter in the top three inches of the soil and

will tend to conserve more moisture compared to conventional tillage systems. This moisture savings is the second most important benefit of no-till. No- till and the maintenance of surface residue slows the rate of evaporation from the soil surface. It has been estimated in conventional tillage systems with little or no surface residue, that precipitation storage efficiency is 20 percent. For example, if you receive 10 inches of rain during your fallow period, you conserve only 2 inches as soil moisture. In contrast, precipitation storage efficiency estimates are 40 percent in notill. Therefore, you can conserve twice as much moisture in a notill system when compared to a conventional till system, depending on rainfall patterns. There are numerous other benefits to no-till, such as reduced wind and water erosion, time savings, fuel savings, decreased soil compaction, and reduced labor requirements. Greater detail about the benefits of no-till can be found in later chapters. Finding a knowledgeable notill producer in your area is important. They have worked through some of the same problems you will probably encounter. Extension educators and Natural Resource Conservation Service district specialists are also available for consultation. Keep asking until you find a suitable answer.

When making a transition to a no-till system, you often hear about slight yield reductions in the first three to five years. This is often management related and can be overcome by making adjustments to equipment, fertility, herbicide/ pesticide programs, etc. This is a perfect example of learning from the mistakes of others. Fortunately, unlike in the past, there are now many experienced people throughout the state who are willing to help. “With fuel and machinery costs increasing at the rates they have the past 10 years, I can’t believe that there is anyone that hasn’t tried no-till.” Greg Leonard Afton, OK “What would the neighbors think? Am I just too lazy to be on a tractor all summer?” James Wuerflein Kremlin, OK Finally, when switching to notill, have a well thought-out plan that encompasses the following — soil testing, crop rotation, pest management, and other farm enterprises such as grazing. Be dedicated and committed to no-till. If you go into no-till with an “I think it is going to fail” attitude, it probably will. Always remember that no one production system is appropriate for everybody. We hope the information in this circular will help you establish a successful and profitable no-till cropping system. Use your apprehension to

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your benefit, which means finding answers to your questions. Remember there are no dumb questions and that thinking outside the conventional box can be useful. When switching to a no-till system, be prepared to make mistakes and perhaps be criticized. There may be comments such as “What in the world is he doing?” and the list could go on and on. However, the successful implementation of no-till can be well worth it–stay the course, follow the general guid- ance provided in the following chapters and learn from experienced producers in your area. In some parts of the world, and even in the U.S., no-till production systems are the norm — not the exception. The soils and environment in Oklahoma are well suited to positively respond to no-till. The key is to develop a no-till “system” that will fit your farm business plan. It will also allow for the improvements in soil health, ultimately improving productivity and dramatically decreasing the negative impacts of conventional tillage. “It is a trial and error endeavor, just when you think you have it figured out...something else happens, weather, weeds, insects, etc. Once you decide to do it, stick with it, be flexible and learn all you can from different sources.” David Shultz Altus, OK

The conference will take place at the National Center for Employee Development, located at 2801 East State Highway Nine on the south side of Norman. Cost is $115 per participant if registering by Feb. 25 and $140 thereafter. “Although we will be accepting registration at the door, we ask everyone to pre-register if possible as it greatly aids in our planning and helps ensure sufficient numbers of conference materials, meals and break refreshments are available,” Warren said. Registration forms and agenda information are available online at http://www.notill.okstate.edu through the OSU Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Conference sessions will be led by experienced no-till producers and agricultural specialists from industry, academia and applicable government agencies. Session topics will include the latest science-based practices and information relative to intensive wheat management, soil health, nutrient management, new RMA rules for cover crops, cover crop water use, growing and maintaining a canola stand, the yield potential of grain sorghum in crop rotations, rotational considerations for plant disease in canola and wheat systems, the impact of gypsum and lime on no-till soil pH and aluminum toxicity, the economics of no-till versus conventional tillage practices, among others. “No-till is most successful when a systemsbased approach is used that actively considers various factors including residue management, pest management, crop rotation, soil fertility and health, in addition to profitability,” Warren said. “The conference can provide insights into each of these important aspects.” Lodging expenses at the center are not included in the conference registration fee. Reservations may be made by calling the center’s hotel at 405-447-9000, extension zero. Anyone needing additional information about the March 11-12 No-Till Oklahoma Conference should contact Janelle Malone of the OSU Department of Plant and Soil Sciences at 405-744-3669.

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U.S. FARMERS TAKING PROACTIVE STEPS TO REDUCE NUTRIENT RUNOFF INTO WATERWAYS (NAPS)—Runoff of agricultural fertilizers into streams, rivers and watersheds is a major environmental concern, but U.S. farmers are aggressively adopting more environmentally sound crop production methods and technologies that address this problem. One major concern—the agricultural use of phosphorus (P) fertilizers—is getting increased attention from farmers who are taking steps to minimize runoff of this vital plant nutrient. “Farmers take the hit for the phosphorus that runs off into watershed areas, but agriculture is not the only culprit,” says Dale Bartholomew, a certified crop adviser with a key agricultural retailer in Caledonia, N.Y. “Homeowners who overapply lawn fertilizers also contribute to the problem.” New York State is second only to California in the development and enforcement of stringent regulations designed to keep P and other nutrients from flowing into major water bodies such as the Chesapeake Bay and the Great Lakes. According to Bartholomew, farmers in the region are being increasingly proactive in their efforts to not only meet those regulations but also to exceed them in the interest of being good environmental stewards. “Increasingly, our farmers are using fertilizer enhancers and stabilizers that ensure more uptake of phosphorus and other nutrients by crops, versus leaving those nutrients in the soil,” he says. “Other proactive steps

include use of precision application techniques and less reliance on plows and tillage to minimize soil erosion.” Indeed, soil erosion is a big part of the challenge, as nutrients attach themselves to soil particles and are then vulnerable to runoff into waterways. Dr. Gary Tuxhorn, an agronomist for United Suppliers, a major provider of inputs for agricultural retailers headquartered in Ames, Iowa, notes that P tends to become tied up in the soil and remain unavailable for plant uptake. It can remain fixed for long periods of time following application if a product such as AVAIL® Phosphorus Fertilizer Enhancer is not used. “In the Midwest, AVAIL is often used with phosphorus fertilizers in no-till production systems that reduce or eliminate plowing,” Tuxhorn says. “This tandem approach helps reduce the amount of phosphorus that gets tied up in the soil, makes more of the nutrient available for plant uptake and minimizes the off-site movement of soil through erosion. In this scenario, the phosphorus will stay where you put it.” Dr. Barney Gordon, professor emeritus at Kansas State University and an expert in soil fertility and fertilizer efficiency, notes that a lot of farmers favor fall applications of P following harvest. “Applying phosphorus with AVAIL in the fall allows the nutrient to be worked into the soil by natural moisture over the winter,”

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FOOT ROT IN GRAZING CATTLE JOHN G. KIRKPATRICK, DVM Associate professor Medicine and Surgery

DAVID LALMAN, PHD Extension Beef Cattle Specialist

Foot rot is a subacute or acute necrotic (decaying) infectious disease of cattle, causing swelling and lameness in one or more feet. The disease can become chronic, with a poorer prognosis for recovery if treatment is delayed, which results in deeper structures of the toe becoming affected. Weight gain is significantly reduced when grazing cattle contract the disease. In one threeyear study, Brazle (1993) reported that affected steers gained 2.3 lbs. per day, while steers not affected gained 2.76 lbs. per day. Foot rot is usually sporatic in occurrence, but the disease incidence may increase up to 25% in highintensity beef or dairy production units. Approximately 20% of all diagnosed lameness in cattle is actually foot rot.

Cause Mechanical injury or softening and thinning of the interdigital (between the toes) skin by puncture wounds or continuous exposure to wet conditions are necessary to provide entrance points for infectious agents. Fusobacterium necrophorum is the bacterium most often isolated from infected feet, but is also frequently isolated from non-diseased interdigital skin. The majority of F. necrophorum isolated belong to biotypes A and AB which produce toxins that cause necrosis (decay) of the infected tissues. F. necrophorum is also isolated from liver abscesses in feeder cattle, necrotic stomatitis in calves, and calf diphtheria. F. necrophorum appears to act cooperatively with other bacteria, such as Bacillus melaninogenicus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Actinomyces pyogenes, thereby decreasing the infective dose of F. necrophorum necessary to cause disease. Bacteroides nodosus, the organism causing foot rot in sheep, may cause an interdigital skin surface infection in cattle, allowing entrance of F. necrophorum and thereby causing foot rot.

swelling may invade the deeper structures of the foot such as the navicular bone, coffin joint, coffin bone, and tendons. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Super foot rot,â&#x20AC;? seen in some areas of the country, has received this name due to the rapid progression of symptoms, severity of tissue damage, and lack of response to standard treatments. There is reported response to NaxcelÂŽ as an effective treatment. The standard footbaths have not been effective in preventing the disease.

Diagnosis Diagnosis of foot rot can be made by a thorough examination of the foot, looking at the characteristic signs of sudden onset of lameness (usually in one limb), elevated body temperature, interdigital swelling, and separation of the interdigital skin. Other conditions causing lameness and affecting the foot that may be confused with foot rot are: interdigital dermatitis, sole ulcers, sole abscesses, sole abrasions, infected corns, fractures, septic arthritis, and inflammation or infection of tendons and tendon sheaths, all of which often only involve one claw of the foot. Digital dermatitis (hairy heel warts) is often confused with foot rot because of foot swelling and severity of lameness. Digital dermatitis affects only the skin, beginning in the area of the heel bulbs and progressing up to the area of the dewclaws; whereas, foot rot lesions occur in the interdigital area and invade the subcutaneous tissues. Cattle grazing endophyte infected fescue pastures that develop fescue toxicity, causing loss of blood circulation to the feet and subsequent lameness, are sometimes mistaken as having foot rot.

Figure 1. Foot rot in a cow showing separation of the interdigital skin, revealing a whitish-yellow necrotic core-like material.

gical procedures. Your veterinarian will be able to provide you with information you may need in making this decision.

Prevention

FOOT BATHS: Zinc sulfate 10% 16 lbs. per 20 gallons water Treat 1 - 2 times weekly Keep clean

grazing cattle by .1 to .3 lbs. when CTC is included in a free choice mineral mix in grazing cattle. Keep in mind, there is no label use for CTC in lactating dairy cattle due to milk residue problems.

Copper sulfate 10% 16 lbs. per 20 gallons water Treat 1 - 2 times weekly Beware of toxicity in sheep Keep clean

When cattle are moderately to severely deficient in dietary zinc, supplemental zinc may reduce the incidence of foot rot. Zinc is important in maintaining skin and hoof integrity; therefore, adequate dietary zinc should be provided to help minimize foot rot and other types of lameness. In a three-year study, zinc methionine added to a free-choice mineral supplement reduced the incidence of foot rot and improved daily weight gain in steers grazing early summer pasture (Table 1).

Preventive measures are centered on the prevention of mechanical damage to the foot as caused by frozen or dried mud, brush-hogged weeds or brush, stubble, and minimizing the time cattle must spend standing in wet areas.

Low level feeding of chlortetracycline (CTC) is labeled through the Treatment â&#x20AC;˘ Administer all drugs labeled for Food and Drug Administration for Treatment of foot rot is usually sucintramuscular (IM) use in the beef cattle, for the reduction of liver cessful, especially when instituted muscle of the neck only. abscesses at 70 mg per head per early in the disease course. â&#x20AC;˘ Administer all drugs labeled for day. F. necrophorum is the major Treatment should always begin with subcutaneous (SubQ) use under infective agent in liver abscesses and cleaning and examining the foot to the skin of the neck or behind foot rot in cattle. CTC is labeled at establish that lameness is actually the shoulder. A commercial vaccine approved 350 mg per head per day (at least due to foot rot. At this time, a topical â&#x20AC;˘ Always use SubQ labeled drugs 0.5 mg per lb. per day) in beef cattle for use in cattle as a control for foot treatment of your choice should be under 700 lbs., and 0.5 mg per lb. rot is available. Reported results by when possible. applied. Some very mild cases will per day in cattle over 700 lbs., for the producers and veterinarians have respond to topical therapy only. â&#x20AC;˘ Do not give more than 10 ml in prevention of anaplasmosis. been mixed from their use of this Most cases require the use of sysTransmission one IM site. Consequently, many mineral mixes product, and controlled studies have temic antimicrobial therapy. LA â&#x20AC;˘ Follow all label directions. Feet infected with F. necrophorum Diagnosis â&#x20AC;˘ Re-check all drug withdrawal and commercial supplements are not been reported. Your veterinarian, Bio-Mycin 200ÂŽ, exProcaineâ&#x20AC;˘ Administer all drugs labeled for intramuscular (IM) serve as the source of infection Diagnosisfor of foot200ÂŽ, rot can be made by a thorough withofyour veterinarian. use in times the muscle the neck only. formulated to provide 350 mg per by knowing your specific geographic amination of the foot, looking at the characteristic signs of penicillin G, Tylan 200ÂŽ, and Sustain other cattle by contaminating the â&#x20AC;˘ Administer all drugs labeled for subcutaneous (SubQ) sudden onset of lameness (usually in one limb), elevated head per day, to control those dis- area, will be able to assist you in iniA veterinary client patient relaIIIâ&#x201E;˘ (sustained release use â&#x20AC;˘under the skin of the neck or behind the shoulenvironment. Disagreement exists on body temperature, interdigital swelling, and separation of eases listed on the CTC label. Since tiating preventive measures for foot boluses are over the der. tionship needs to be in place for the length of time F. necrophorum TN WLY OLHK WLY KH` [V JVU[YVS [OVZL KPZLHZLZ SPZ[LK the interdigital skin. Sulfamethazine) Other conditions causing lameness â&#x20AC;˘ Always useuse SubQ labeled drugs whendrugs possible. foot rot is caused by the same rot. the of all prescription and affecting the foot that may be confused with foot rot counter pharmaceuticals that have can survive off of the animal, but estigive more by than 10 ml insame one IM site. ondermatitis, the CTC label. Sincesole foot rotâ&#x20AC;˘ Do is not caused the are: interdigital sole ulcers, sole abscesses, organism asrot liveris abscesses, someconditions of the foot that cause Foot one of many andalldrugs used off-label (at your veteriproven effective as a treatment of â&#x20AC;˘ Re-check drug withdrawal times with mates range from one to ten abrasions, infected corns, fractures, septic arthritis, and some control of foot rot should Summary organism as liver abscesses, control of footin rotcattle. should occur at the lameness For treatment to be effective it must be footVM rot. NaxcelÂŽ, and narian.dosages and for purposes other months. Once loss of PUĂ&#x2026;HTTH[PVU skin integrity VY PUMLJ[PVU [LUKVUZ HUK [LUKVU MicotilÂŽ, ZOLH[OZ Foot rot is one of many conditions â&#x20AC;˘ A veterinary client patient relationship needs to 350 mg per head per day level. Due than defined on the label). VJJ\Y H[ [OL TN WLY OLHK WLY KH` SL]LS +\L [V [OL KPMĂ&#x201E;J\S[` all of which often onlyAlbon involve one claw of the foot. S.R.ÂŽ (sustained release be in place occurs, bacteria gain entrance into started early in the course of the disease. It is necessary to for the use of all prescription drugs and Digital dermatitis (hairy heel warts) is often confused with to the difficulty in conducting studies of the foot that cause lameness in used (at dosages and for purposes Sulfadimethoxine) boluses are drugs Other preventive measures in conducting for a disease with lowoff-label incidence, large subcutaneous tissuesfootand begin rot because of foot swelling andstudies severity of lameness. cattle. For treatment to be effective have a break in skin integrity for foot rot to occur. The mostit for a disease with low incidence, V[OLY [OHU KLĂ&#x201E;ULK VU [OL SHILS antimicrobials restricted to ofthe use dermatitis affects only thecomparative skin, beginning in the studies area rapid multiplication andDigital production controlled evaluating the effectiveness must be started early in the course of important preventive measures large controlled comparative studies are centered on the protection heel bulbs and progressing to the of areaaoflicensed the dewclaws; by the up order veterinariof toxins that stimulatethe further conthe disease. It is necessary to have a whereas, footVM JVU[PU\HSS` MLLKPUN *;* [V NYHaPUN Z[VJRLY JH[[SL OH]L UV[ rot lesions occur in the interdigital area and evaluating the effectiveness of conof interdigital skin health. tinued bacterial multiplication and an, and have also shown to be effecPU]HKL [OL Z\IJ\[HULV\Z [PZZ\LZ *H[[SL NYHaPUN LUKVWO`[L tinually feeding CTC to grazing break in skin integrity for foot rot to been reported. Most research tive indevelop the treatment of foot rot.trials Your indicate that average daily infected fescue pastures that fescue toxicity, causing penetration of infection into the stocker cattle have not been report- occur. The most important prevenof blood circulation to the feet and may subsequent lameness, NHPU PZ PUJYLHZLK PU NYHaPUN JH[[SL I` [V SIZ ^OLU *;* PZ veterinarian deem it necessary deeper structures of theloss foot. tive measures are centered on the are sometimes mistaken as having foot rot. ed. Most1.research trials indicate that methionine Table The effect of zinc in a mineral mixto use or oversee the use of one of PUJS\KLK PU H MYLL JOVPJL TPULYHS TP_ PU NYHaPUN JH[[SL 2LLW protection of interdigital skin health. average daily gain is increased in Clinical signs these restricted drugs as a treatment ture on gain and incidence of foot rot on steers grazing Treatment in mind, there is no label use for CTC in lactating dairy cattle Foot rot occurs in all ages of cattle, cases. a Treatment of footfor rotnon-responding is usually successful, especially native pastures . due to milk residue problems. with increased case incidence during when instituted early in the course. Treatment shouldanimals If disease at all possible, affected always begin with cleaning and examining the foot to estabwet, humid conditions. When case >OLU JH[[SL HYL TVKLYH[LS` [V ZL]LYLS` KLĂ&#x201E;JPLU[ PU KPL[HY` shoulddue beto foot keptrot.inAt this drytime, areas until lameness is actually a incidence increases in lish hotthatand dry Ingredient Zinc Methionine Control aPUJ Z\WWSLTLU[HS aPUJ TH` YLK\JL [OL PUJPKLUJL VM MVV[ YV[ topical treatment of your choice be applied.isSome healed. If should improvement not evident conditions, attention must very be milddirectcases will respond to topical therapy only. Most within three toinfour days, it may Zinc is important maintaining skin and hoof integrity; therecasesare require the use of systemic antimicrobial therapy. LA ed to loafing areas, which often the ÂŽmean the infection has invaded ÂŽ 5\TILY VM Z[LLYZ 200ÂŽ, Bio-Mycin 200 , Procaine penicillin G, Tylan 200 , and MVYL HKLX\H[L KPL[HY` aPUJ ZOV\SK IL WYV]PKLK [V OLSW TPUPTPaL crowded and extremely wet from Sustain IIIâ&#x201E;˘ Z\Z[HPULK YLSLHZL :\SMHTL[OHaPUL IVS\ZLZ HYL deeper tissues. Infections that do not urine and feces deposited incounter small foot rot and tothat other types of need lameness. In a three-year study, over the pharmaceuticals have proven effective :[HY[PUN ^[ SIZ respond initial treatments to a treatment of foot rot. NaxcelÂŽ, MicotilÂŽ, and Albon S.R.ÂŽ shaded areas. The first as signs of foot aPUJ TL[OPVUPUL HKKLK [V H MYLL JOVPJL TPULYHS Z\WWSLTLU[ be re-evaluated veterinarian (sustained release Sulfadimethoxine) bolusesby areyour antimicrobirot, following an incubation periodtoofthe use by the order of a licensed veterinar+HPS` NHPU KH`Z SIZ a b als restrictedreduced in a the timely manner. He sherot willand improved daily weight incidence of orfoot five to seven days, are ian, lameness, and have also shown to be effective in the treatment of want to determine if re-cleaning, 0UJPKLUJL VM MVV[ YV[ a b foot rot.tissues, YourNHPU PU Z[LLYZ NYHaPUN LHYS` Z\TTLY WHZ[\YL ;HISL veterinarian may deem it necessary to use or acute swelling of interdigital removing all infected oversee the use of one of these restricted drugs tissue, as a treat-applicaOther preventive measures presently used include the use and swelling evenly ment distributed Ationcommercial vaccine approved for use in cattle presently used include as the ause of for non-responding cases. of a topical antimicrobial, and VM MVV[IH[OZ TVZ[ VM[LU \ZLK PU JVUĂ&#x201E;ULTLU[ ILLM VY KHPY` +HPS` TPULYHS PU[HRL SIZ around the hairline of bothIf at hooves. all control possible, affected animalsrot should be kept in footbaths (most often used in confor foot is available. Reported results by operations), feeding low levels ofproducchlortetracycline, addition bandaging are appropriate, along dry areas until healed. If improvement is not evident within Eventually the interdigital skin cracks VM VYNHUPJ HUK PUVYNHUPJ aPUJ [V [OL MLLK VY TPULYHS TP_LZ finement dairyofoperations), +HPS` aPUJ TL[OPVUPUL PU[HRL N an antimicrobial change. In the have been mixed frombeef theiroruse this three to four ers days,and it with may veterinarians mean the infection has invaded and vaccination. open, revealing a foul-smelling, feeding low levels of chlortetracythe deeper tissues. Infections that do not respond to initial moreand severe cases, management of product, controlled studies have not been reported. Your a )YHaSL - 2 *H[[SLTLUÂťZ +H` 9LWVY[ VM 7YVNYLZZ (NYPJ\S[\YL necrotic, core-like material (Figure treatments need to be re-evaluated by your veterinarian in a cline, addition of organic and inorFoot baths: the animal will be between salvaging timely manner. He or she will want to determine if re-clean]L[LYPUHYPHU I` RUV^PUN `V\Y ZWLJPĂ&#x201E;J NLVNYHWOPJ HYLH ^PSS ,_WLYPTLU[ :[H[PVU 2HUZHZ :[H[L <UP]LYZP[` APUJ Z\SMH[L *VWWLY Z\SMH[L

ganic zinc to the feed or mineral 1). Untreated, the swelling may for slaughter (following drug withing, removing all infected tissue, application of a topical SIZ WLY NHSSVUZ ^H[LY SIZ WLY NHSSVUZ ^H[LY to are assist youalong in initiating measures for foot mixes, and vaccination. progress up the foot to antimicrobial, the fetlockbe or able and bandaging appropriate, with an drawal times), claw amputation, orpreventive in ;YLH[ [PTLZ ^LLRS` ;YLH[ [PTLZ ^LLRS` Table 1. The effect of zinc methionine in a mineral mixture on gain and incidence of foot rot on antimicrobial change. In the more severe cases, managehigher. More importantly, rot. the valuable animals, claw-salvaging sur- Keep clean Beware of toxicity in sheepsteers grazing native pasturesa. ment of the animal will be between salvaging for slaughter â&#x20AC;˘ Follow all label directions.

Summary

(following drug withdrawal times), claw amputation, or in valuable animals, claw-salvaging surgical procedures. Your veterinarian will be able to provide you with information you may need in making this decision.

Keep clean

Low level feeding of chlortetracycline (CTC) is labeled through the Food and Drug Administration for beef cattle, for the reduction of liver abscesses at 70 mg per head per day. F.

farm&ranch ROUNDUP –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– February 20, 2014 ♦ 13

Chelsea, OK • (918) 789-2559 Hepler, KS • (620) 368-4347 Parsons, KS • (620) 421-5110 Weir, KS • (620) 396-8559 Weir, KS • (620) 396-8554

MISSOURI CENTURY FARMS National Century Farms recognition website — Agriculture's Lasting Heritage

Century farms and ranches have shaped the nation. Amidst every kitchen, behind every faded barn door, and in every soiled and calloused hand lie untold stories of those who feed our nation. As an industry, we are called to discover these stories and share with consumers everywhere the contribution farmers and ranchers have made to our American heritage. It is time to redefine sustainability and put a face to the farmer who fills our cupboards and clothes our backs. We are searching for great stories about

the lasting impact of agriculture in your state. How can you share the story of Agriculture’s Lasting Heritage? Visit Agriculture's Lasting Heritage and click on "Profiles" for more information. The Missouri Century Farm program's history dates back to 1976 as a result of the Missouri Committee for Agriculture that was co-chaired by James B. Boillot, Director, Missouri Department of Agriculture, and Elmer R. Kiehl, Dean of the College of Agriculture, University of Missouri. The committee's purpose was to organize the American Revolution Bicentennial celebra-

Missouri Century Farms Program History In 1976 when Missouri had the American Revolution Bicentennial, Governor Christopher Bond indicated that agriculture should play a prominent role in Missouri's Bicentennial celebration since agriculture was the state's number one industry. Therefore, the Missouri Committee for Agriculture felt that the best way to plan involvement and carry out successful Bicentennial activities was at the local level. Plans were made to form county agricultural emphasis Bicentennial committees. In January 1975, area extension specialists designated as the "agriculturalists" were mailed

the procedures for organizing county agricultural emphasis committees. The procedure called for the "agriculturalist" to meet with a nominating committee consisting of members of county farm organizations and appoint a county agricultural emphasis committee. The purpose of the county committees was "To give leadership in seeing that agriculture has its appropriate place in American Revolution Bicentennial historical, festival and horizon activities. Agriculture should be an important part of overall ARB activities." On June 1, 1975 the Missouri Committee for Agriculture-ARB

tion in Missouri. One activity that was initiated by the committee was the "Centennial Farm" project, which awarded certificates to persons owning farms that had been in the same family for 100 years or more. Interest in the program continued after 1976. The College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources and University of Missouri Extension planned a 10-year update in 1986 called the "Century Farm" program. This program has been sustained as a yearly event with over 100 farms recognized each year. In 2008, the Missouri Farm Bureau became a program co-sponsor.

hired Ms. Jerri Sloan, a University agriculture journalism graduate to assume full-time responsibilities as the committee secretary which was housed with the agriculture editors on the University of MissouriColumbia campus. Agricultural editor at the time, Dick Lee, devoted much time and support to the committee's efforts. The Centennial Farm project awarded certificates to persons owning farms that had been in the same family for 100 years or more. A total of 2,850 Missouri farm owners in 105 of Missouri's 114 counties were recognized as Centennial Farm owners. Interest in the program continued after 1976. Several Missouri farm owners asked about having

their farms recognized, so the University of Missouri College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources and University of Missouri Extension planned a 10-year update in 1986 called the "Century Farm" program. During this update, 1,080 farms were recognized. Long-term family farm owners who were not able to take part in the 1976 or 1986 events still wanted recognition, so the College and MU Extension planned for annual updates. Since 1987, an additional 4,441 farms have been recognized. The program has continued each year with 100 or more farms being recognized each year.

Carter Family Farm The Missouri Century Farm Program annually recognizes Missouri farms that are still productive and have been in the same family for 100 years or more. The 2013 additions to the Century Farm Program include two farms in Jasper County. Galen Carter and his wife Connie, Carthage, own 160 acres that have been in his family since 1905. The farm was originally owned by Mr. Carter’s great-grandfather, Orville Frost.

The other farm recognized is the Jones and Jackson Ranch, owned by Becky Watts, Carthage; Larry Jackson, Reeds; Kathy Braden, Crowley, Texas and Virginia Snodgrass, Webb City. Their farm includes 385 acres purchased in 1908 by their grandparents, Rama A. and Rebecca Jones. To learn more about the Century Farm program or additional details about these newly added Century Farms, visit your local University of Missouri Extension office or go online to http://extension.missouri.edu/centuryfarm.

farm&ranch ROUNDUP –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– February 20, 2014 ♦ 15

Veterinarian-Beef Producer Handbooks Updated, Available Online Beef producers and their veterinarians who want to help prevent or control Johne’s disease in their herds often ask where they should start with the process. The answer: Begin by conducting an on-farm risk assessment, then develop and follow a management plan specifi c to a farm or ranch. The recently updated handbooks—“Handbook for Veterinarians and Beef Producers—A guide to Johne’s disease risk assessments and management plans for beef herds, 2011 edition” and “How to do Risk Assessments and Develop Management Plans for Johne’s Disease”— are available for beef producers and their veterinarians who are serious about addressing Johne’s disease and stopping the fi nancial drain of this devastating disease. This fourth edition of the handbooks refl ect the USDA’s updated Program Standards for the Voluntary Bovine Johne’s Disease Control Program and are signifi cantly more user friendly. “The team in charge of developing the 2011 edition of the handbooks brainstormed long and hard to develop easy-to-comprehend and easyto-complete information and forms, and I think all three handbooks are home runs,” states Dr. Elisabeth Patton, chairman of U.S. Animal Health Association’s Johne’s Disease Committee. Patton explains that the handbooks are for use by veterinarians with beef clients to improve biosecurity and reduce pathogens, particularly Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis or MAP, the bacteria known to cause Johne’s disease.

The ‘how to do risk assessments and develop management plans’ handbook is a companion piece to the other two. “Together the handbooks are a veterinarian’s manual to help beef producers reduce or prevent Johne’s disease in their herds,” Patton adds. “That said, many of the management practices developed to address Johne’s disease should help reduce the presence of other pathogens as well.” The “Handbook for Veterinarians and Beef Producers” has just eight pages: one page for recording “current herd health status and concerns” and six pages dedicated to risk assessment and management recommendations related to calving area, nursing calves, weaned heifers and bulls, bred heifers and yearling bulls, cows and bulls, and replacements and additions. The 23-page “How to do Risk Assessments and Develop Management Plans for Johne’s Disease” goes more in depth and covers seven key steps to helps reduce or prevent Johne’s disease. • Step 1— collect information on current herd health status and production • Step 2— Collect history, owner goals and biosecurity data and estimate Johne’s disease prevalence • Step 3— Assess risks for transmitting Johne’s disease among specifi c animal groups, with descriptive guidelines for scoring risk factors for dairy herds or beef herds

When a beef producer teams with a veterinarian to complete these two handbooks, signifi cant progress can be achieved toward the prevention and control of Johne’s disease. Yes, an investment of one day can reap big rewards!

• Step 4— Consider how Johne’s disease management efforts will benefi t and integrate with other health and performance issues • Step 5— Select critical management practices to include in the management plan • Step 6— Build the elements of a testing strategy • Step 7— Do a reality check. Will the plan work? Plan to monitor it.

The Fourth Edition, 2011, of the handbooks are a collaborative effort of the National Johne’s Disease Education Initiative, the Johne’s Disease Committee of the United States Animal Health Association (USAHA), the National Johne’s Working Group and the USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Veterinary Services (VS).

handbook and the “How to do Risk Assessments and Develop Management Plans for Johne’s Disease” are online at www.johnes.org, along with the Veterinarian and Dairy Producer handbook. Please contact your State Designated Johne’s Disease Coordinator for specifi c information related to your state.

PDFs of the beef veterinarian

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second SECTION –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 17

PLANS FOR CHICKEN COOPS, For Happy, Healthy, Productive Chickens DENNIS CORDY So you fancy keeping some backyard fowl? I have to say I think thats a terrific notion. So how to start? The most important job on your list - other than getting those lovely chickens of course - is to discover plans for chickenscoops that measure up to your needs. The determining question is, what precisely are your needs? Are you searching for chickens for personal enjoyment in a small garden? Do you want just a couple of eggs a day for you and your other half? Or enough for a bunch of folks? Do you think you might like to get a couple of different varieties of chickens? Could be you’re thinking of selling whats left over? Maybe you’re thinking to get some chicken coop plans and create your own design of coops for sale? Not a bad idea that - plenty of individuals have done well with it. Much to consider then. You also have to consider the space of your back yard. Fowl are quite easy to keep and dont need huge amounts of space, but theres a limit to how many you can get in a given plot and still keep them healthy (and productive). There are small, medium and large plans for the chicken coops, each of which takes a certain number of chickens. Then there are stationary ones and there are the wheeled sort. People can get very creative, taking a regular design for a chicken coop and then adding all manner of stuff until they get something that looks like a Dutch barn, or a mansion house, or a castle... all types of things. Then there are folks who dont bother with chicken coop plans at all and just use an old shed, or even an old sedan. Rather funny some of them, and fine so long as underneath everything there is what your fowl need for good health and security. The biggest mistake people make is building a chicken coop too small. As far as materials are concerned, there is not a lot of difference in cost between a small coop and a medium one. If you can afford it, and you have the space, always build bigger than you think you might need. Your hens will be better for it, youll get more eggs and youll have space to expand because I’ve got to warn you, chicken keeping can get addictive! Theres no way to provide a size for each chicken - or how many fowl

youll need to feed a particular group of people. Some of that has got to be determined by how much you love eggs! Different fowl varieties vary in size and the number of eggs they lay. The US Department of Agriculture states that the average bird lays 260 eggs each year, but I never heard of an average chicken yet. Usually a chicken produces a single egg each day - but will often miss a day and occasionally a whole week. That doesn’t indicate there’s something out of sorts and, if you’ve got a group, you’ll never know which isn’t laying. If you’re like us, a handful of eggs a day, on and on, takes time to get through - so

you’ll have plenty to share. Sorry, got a carried away there. They are all considerations though in deciding the area of coop you need. Cash might be a factor, but you are going to be saving a good deal by building your own chicken coop so there won’t be a considerable difference unless you construct one thats really enormous. You can always sell over-production to locals to offset money spent. Make your eggs less expensive than the nearby store and those around will normally be interested! Lets not forget that fixed or moveable question? The fixed one is usually going to be a more durable building. If you build it solidly it will last you longer. Doing that with a portable chicken coop can make it unnecessarily heavy - which is kind of pointless. The thing with a fixed coop is that the your ladies will eventually turn the area into a bare patch of earth. They will peck and scrape at bugs, grass and weeds until there’s nothing left. That’s not a concern for the birds, but if you want to keep the wear spread out, a mobile coop is the best option. The other thing to think about is predators. If you have large predatory animals, etc then a portable coop might

be too easy for them to get at. Alternatively, if it’s an urban area, with just a handful of birds, a moveable coop can be a very nice addition to your garden. Plenty to mull over, isn’t there. The best step now is to take your time because mistakes made in the choice, the style and the construction process are invariably expensive to alter afterwards. Read through a few websites with designs for chicken coops and choose one that looks like it supplies an amount of choice. That way you’re only shelling out for one set of chicken coop plans that can give you a number of different sizes or appearances. You also want to make sure they’ve got material lists so that you can work things out first (planning should be done to keep costs down). Just about anybody can build a chicken coop. It really doesn’t need a lot of knowledge, just patience and a few ordinary tools. Choosing well formed, professionally created plans for chicken coops should only cost $30 or less and youll have all the instructions you need to put up a home for keeping healthy, happy hens - and all the tasty new eggs you could eat!

Helping Plants Withstand Drought Stress (NAPSI)-- America 's farmers feed the world: According to the Department of Agriculture (USDA), each U.S. farmer grows enough for 155 people. Now, thanks to technology and their own hard work, they should be able to continue to do so, despite what Mother Nature has been throwing at them lately. For example, a major problem for corn growers is drought. According to the USDA's Drought Monitor, many places display drought conditions ranging from severe to exceptional, including regions in the Western Great Plains. To help farmers across the corn-growing area, there are drought-tolerant corn plants with deep, strong root structures that can withstand drought conditions and still yield a bumper crop.

Scientific Proof Consider this: A root comparison study of randomly selected corn seed products was conducted at the Gothenburg Water Utilization Learning Center in Nebraska. It showed that a thick, deep root structure lets corn plants reach crucial moisture locked within the subsoil, absorbing up more water and nutrients and ultimately leading to healthier ears and yield potential. "They can produce 700 to 800 kernels per ear," said Michael Petersen, former soil scientist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and lead agronomist with Orthman Manufacturing, a tillage and earthmoving company that participated in the root dig excavation. "And when they do that, we know that we can

produce big corn." Because more water and more nutrients are found between 30 and 80 inches below ground, Petersen explained, deeper roots help plants stand up to lengthy drought stress.

Rooting For Good, Strong Corn "Deep, strong roots mean that your plants are going to be anchored to the soil very well. They are going to have a chance of rooting down and accessing the soil moisture and using that to help farmers protect their yield in a drought year," added agronomist Mark Reiman. He said that despite moisture stress, the deep-rooted corn had healthier, more consistent ears than others. "We actually saw very nice corn ears that had no tip back," he said. "They were filled nicely, pollinated nicely, from the end of the ear to the tip of the ear. In contrast, kernel set was spotty and ear size was less consistent with the competitive brands." The DEKALB® corn boasted a much deeper root structure, extending up to 85 inches, some beyond even the backhoe's reach. The roots maintained their form and were distributed evenly, so they could explore a much larger soil volume with the ability to reach more moisture and nutrients.

Technological Advances Farmers now have another tool to combat drought stress and are turning to the recently commercialized DEKALB® Genuity® DroughtGard™ Hybrids. Through the robust technology pipeline, the brand's research

and development teams have delivered innovations that improve yields while using fewer inputs, including water. These plants combine drought-tolerant genetics, developed through an industry-leading breeding program, with the industry's first drought-tolerant biotech trait and agronomic practices. Combining breeding genetics with the new drought-tolerant biotech trait in DEKALB® DroughtGard™ Hybrids will mean the potential for even more powerful yield protection for farmers in 2013. Learn More: For further facts, visit www.dekalb.com and follow the brand at www.facebook.com/dekalb. Individual results may vary, and performance may vary from location to location and from year to year. This result may not be an indicator of results you may obtain as local growing, soil and weather

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farm&ranch ROUNDUP –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Feburary 20, 2014 ♦ 19

LIVESTOCK LEASE AGREEMENTS A NEW OPTION Story source:Mary Sobba, MEXICO, Mo. -

Older farmers and young farmers strapped for capital are teaming up in increasing numbers to form livestock lease alliances. “Leasing land is common. Why not cattle?” said University of Missouri Extension agribusiness specialist Mary Sobba. Young producers who may not have adequate finances are working with ready-to-retire producers to share income and profits on cattle by sharing land, machinery, breeding stock, labor, seed, fertilizer and other costs. Sobba suggests that producers and wouldbe producers test the fairness of a lease by using a two-column worksheet, one for the landowner and one for the tenant. Owners can cash lease beef cows, or the owner could furnish a set of bred cows or heifers for a predetermined lease price. The operator receives the livestock, cares for and manages the animals, keeps a percent of the calf crop, and returns the cows to the owner at the end of the lease. Ways to determine cash rental rates are live-

stock ownership costs, livestock owner net share, rent and operator’s net return to livestock. Some considerations include fence repair, bull expense, how and when cows are culled

and sold, how and when calves are sold, and replacement females. Owners and tenants also should decide the length of the lease, incentives for lower death loss and higher calving percentages, and pro-

Livestock insurance can protect against price losses Story source:Raymond E. Massey, COLUMBIA, Mo.–

While crop insurance has been popular for a long time, producers have largely overlooked similar safety nets for livestock. But that may be changing, says a University of Missouri Extension agriculture economist. Two forms of livestock insurance have been available for a number of years through the USDA Risk

Management Agency, said Ray Massey at the recent 2013 Missouri Swine Institute in Columbia. Livestock Risk Protection (LRP) guards producers against a drop in livestock prices. Livestock Gross Margin (LGM) insurance protects producers from losses of gross margin, from either falling livestock prices or rising feed costs. “It is a price protection. It has nothing to do with yield,” Massey says. “When you talk about crop insur-

ance, we frequently assume that it is insuring yield. But when you go with livestock insurance you are really buying price protection on your livestock.” Massey says these types of insurance would not pay producers for a disease outbreak or high death rate. Rather, they lock in a price for the livestock and, in the case of LGM, a price for the feed. With feed prices highly variable right now, LGM might be a good

visions for drought and disaster. To find an extension agribusiness specialist in your area, contact your local MU Extension center or go to extension.missouri.edu.

way for producers to reduce that variability, Massey said. Producers also can lock in livestock prices through the futures market, but that requires a contract for a large number of animals. One advantage of LGM and LRP is they offer price protection similar to what producers would get from futures contracts, but for any number of animals they want. Another advantage of these programs, Massey says, is that they are federally subsidized, which makes them less expensive than other forms of insurance.

Massey notes that livestock insurance is based on the national market price, not the actual price producers receive. “That is really critical to understand,” he says. “Your price may be above or below what the national market was on the Chicago Board of Trade, but your cost of production or revenue is not what the insurance policy is going to use. They will calculate with the national market price from the Chicago Board of Trade reports.” For more information on livestock insurance, visit www.rma.usda.gov/livestock.

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farm&ranch ROUNDUP –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Feburary 20, 2014 ♦ 21

LIVESTOCK MANURE

When farmers have hundreds or thousands of hogs or dairy or beef cattle, millions of tons of waste are generated that must be managed in an environmentally sound way. In most cases, the manure is held in pits or lagoons before being applied to fields as a rich source of vital nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), both of which are essential to crop growth and health.

Technology Benefits The recently developed technology that helps livestock producers manage all this waste more efficiently is More Than Manure™ (MTM™) Nutrient Manager, from SFP™, a company that specializes in products that improve fertilizer efficiency. When added to in-ground manure pits and lagoons, MTM can help break up "solids," making the manure easier to pump, transport and apply. It can also significantly reduce ammonia levels both in livestock confinement areas and on the fields where manure is applied.

For example, take Dean Strauss, who milks roughly 1,900 cows at two Wisconsin locations. He recently tried the product, applying it in and around manure pits and through the direct system that pumps into the pits. "It cut the odor dramatically," Strauss said. "Anything we can do to address odor issues is good for our workers and our cows, and it helps us be better neighbors to the people who live close to our farming operation."

In a short time following application, Strauss witnessed a breaking up of crusts and solids in the pits. "The uniformity of the manure for spreading was greatly improved," he added. "I know we are now getting a better distribution of nutrients across the soil."

Better Crop Yields This technology can also help improve nutrient efficiency and plant uptake of P and N from manure used as fertilizer, which leads to better overall crop health and yield increases. Reducing the amount of P that gets locked up in the soil and N losses due to leaching, volatilization and denitrification makes more of both elements available for crop use. Consider Jack Wyttenbach, a hog producer who has about 1,500 sows and finishes about 25,000 hogs a year. He has experienced a yield increase of 8 bushels per acre on fields of corn fertilized with manure that was treated with MTM. "This

yield increase is due to improved nutrient efficiency and uptake," he said. Wyttenbach also tries to be environmentally proactive about livestock odors that can wear thin on neighbors. "We've seen a dramatic reduction in the amount of ammonia gas coming off the manure after using MTM," he observed. Learn More: For more information, see a fertilizer dealer, call 1-888-446-GROW or visit sfp.com. SFP, More Than Manure and MTM are registered trademarks of Specialty Fertilizer Products (SFP), LLC. ¬© 2013 SFP. All rights reserved.

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farm&ranch ROUNDUP –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Feburary 20, 2014 ♦ 23

Casey comes to the fish hatchery

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Several children were on hand Friday to see Casey do about a dozen tricks and to see his "fish hatchery" and his Christmas costumes. Casey performed such tricks as "reading" from flash cards, jumping through a hoop, taking a bow and saying his prayers. His mistress, Connie Weber, also presented some important information on having a pet. She told how much a pet needs love, simple training and a good diet. She listed several foods and plants that can be harmful or even fatal to dogs. Weber encouraged people to consider adopting pets from shelters. But she cautioned that every person or every family has to choose a pet that should fit the lifestyle and unique characteristics of the family. Things to consider

T723 PS CAB DAILY NEWS / KAY HIVELY Casey, the little dog nobody wanted, performed tricks as his mistress, Connie Weber, informed the public about a pets needs and how pets should fit the lifestyle of a household.

are the ages of both the pet and the potential family, the size of the pets and whether the family can handle it a large pet and the temperament of both family and pet. Casey was rejected by two families before the Webers took him home and found that he was just the right fit for their family. The Webers did not plan on making Casey a therapy dog, but when Mrs. Weber was taking care of her mother, Casey went along. Visiting nurses noticed

Casey's attitude and suggested he become a therapy dog. Connie Weber and Casey took training and now are a registered therapy team, working primarily at Mercy Hospital in Joplin. They also visit nursing homes and senior centers. Several members of the local Faithful Friends were on hand as well as other members of the public. Read more: http://www.neoshodailynews.com/article/20140202/NEWS/14 0209921#ixzz2sBl9NyWz

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FEEDING WASTE MILK TO DAIRY CALVES

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Ellen R. Jordan Extension Dairy Specialist Texas A&M University

4WD, 28 HP, shuttle shift trans., Industrial tires, 2646 lbs. lift on 3 pt., 1650 lbs. lift on loader.

Sandra A. Stokes Extension Dairy Specialist Texas A&M University

Discarded milk losses range from 48 to 136 pounds of milk per cow per year. To reduce some of the economic loss, 38% of dairy producers feed waste milk to calves. Many dairy producers avoid feeding waste milk to calves for fear of increasing calf morbidity or increasing the incidence of heifers calving with mastitis or blind quarters. In early studies, calves were generally housed in pens that enabled them to suckle the rudimentary teats of other calves. This led to an increase in the incidence of mastitis in developing heifers. Research shows that calves fed waste milk have similar growth rates and incidence of scouring as milk-fed controls.

Precautions for Feeding Waste Milk Waste milk can be a safe liquid feed for calves provided certain precautions are followed. • Do not feed waste milk to newborn calves on the first day of life. Bacteria could penetrate the intestinal wall and cause illness. • House calves are fed waste milk individually to prevent the suckling of one another. This should reduce possible transmission of infectious microorganisms that cause mastitis. • Do not feed waste milk from antibiotictreated cows to calves intended for meat production. Antibiotic residues from the milk could be deposited in the tissues of the calves.

Waste Milk Storage The need to handle large quantities of waste milk requires dairy operators to have the proper equipment. A small, used bulk tank can store the daily production of waste milk. This allows pooling of all sources of waste milk (i.e., mastitis and/or transition milk, etc.) and reduces the chances of feeding excessively high levels of antibiotic milk in one feeding. Clean the tank at least every other day.

Pasteurization of Waste Milk Fed to Calves Young calves are susceptible to diseases. When expanding herds or buying replacements, it is important to know the complete health status of introduced cows. Feeding milk from cows of unknown health status could be harmful to the health of calves. Pasteurization safely decreases pathogens in all types of milk fed to young calves. Recently, University of California at Davis researchers reported that calves fed pasteurized milk had fewer days with diarrhea and pneumonia than calves fed unpasteurized milk. Also, calves fed pasteurized milk had greater average weight gain than calves fed non-pasteurized milk. Calves fed pasteurized milk grossed an extra $8.13/head and attributed to reduced health complications and treatment costs when compared with calves fed unpasteurized milk. The researchers calculated that 315 calves (from a dairy of approximately 1,260 cows) would need to be fed daily to make pasteurization economically feasible. Research from the National Animal Disease

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Mahindra Center showed that pasteurization of milk at 162°F (72°C) for 15 seconds killed all M.paratuberculosis, the bacteria responsible for Johne’s disease. To effectively destroy M. paratuberculosis in milk, a continuous-flow (turbulent) pasteurizer is necessary. A continuous-flow pasteurizer quickly heats and holds milk at temperatures that kill bacteria. The milk is then quickly cooled, maintaining the nutritional components and flavor. Bacterial organisms in milk may clump together and not be pasteurized with a batch-type (static) pasteurization system. While it is recommended that waste milk be pasteurized, pasteurization of colostrum is discouraged. The elevated temperatures associated with pasteurization can destroy immunoglobulins that are important for passive immunity transfer to young calves. Colostrum is more dense than milk, which makes it more difficult to raise pasteurization temperatures high enough to kill bacterial organisms such as M. paratuberculosis. Several bacterial organisms, including E. coli, bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), salmonella, Streptococcus species and Staphylococcus species, have been identified in waste milk. Pasteurization of waste milk reduces microbial loads before use as calf feeds. Pasteurization destroys Mycoplasma mastitis species, thus eliminating mycoplasma transmission to calves. Similarly, pasteurization destroys bovine leukosis virus (BLV), so the pasteurized milk from BLV-positive cows can be fed to calves when BLV-free milk is not available. Although pasteurization reduces the microbial load of waste milk, pasteurization is not sterilization. A heavy bacterial load in waste milk will not be completely eliminated by pasteurization, and it does not remove potential contamination from antibiotics in waste milk.

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• ’12 JD 6170R, MFWD, 140 h.p., 457 hrs., 20 spd., AQ+ trans., 3 EH hyd., ldr. joystick, 540/1000 PTO, prem. cab, 480/80R/46 singles, 107 gal. fuel tank, dlx. lighting w/12 JD H360SL ldr. & 85” HD bucket, warranty expires Sept. 26, ’14. #2577 ..................................$137,950 • Coming in July: ’08 JD 7430 Prem., 140 h.p., 1,100 hrs., MFWD/ TLS, cab susp., 20 spd., AQ trans., 4 EH hyd., GS rdy., 3 FNC ldr. joystick, 480/80R/42 duals, MFWD fenders, rear fender ext., premier lighting, loaded w/ ’08 JD 741 SL ldr., no bucket. #06115 ....$127,950 • Coming Soon: ’12 JD 7230 Std., MFWD, 1,100 hrs., 110 h.p., air seat, 16 spd. PQ trans., 2 rear hyd., ldr. joystick, 18.4x38, 540/1000 PTO, rear wts. ldr. & bucket. w/JDH360SL #704596 ........................................$87,950 • ’08 JD 6430 Prem., 95 h.p., 2,500 hrs., MFWD, IVT trans., RH rev., 540/1000 PTO, 3 FNC elec. joystick, air ride seat, 3 rear hyd., 480/70R/38 w/ ’08 JD 640 NSL ldr., bucket & bale spike. #560843 ..........................................................$79,950 • ’09 Challenger MT465B, 95 h.p., MFWD, 601 hrs., 16 spd., PST trans., 3 rear hyd., 18.4x34 rear, Michelin tires w/ Challenger ML94B SL ldr., bucket & bale spike. #T326011 Was $64,950, Now $62,500 • ’12 JD 5101E, 217 hrs., 86 h.p., MFWD, cab, 12x12 PRT, 2 hyd., air ride seat, ldr. joystick, 18.4x30. #440029 ..................$42,950 • ’09 JD 5085M, 70 h.p., 1,925 hrs., MFWD, dlx. open station, roll bar w/ ROPS, 16 spd. PRT, 2 hyd., ldr. joystick, 16.9x30 w/ JD 553 NSL ldr. & bucket. #160472 ..................$38,500 • ’06 JD 5525, MFWD, open station, 75 h.p., 1,666 hrs., ROPS w/ canopy, 12x12 PRT trans., 2 hyd., ldr. joystick, 540 PTO, rear wts., 420/90R/30 rear, 11.2x24 frt. mech. hitch w/’06 JD 542 SL ldr. & bucket. #256806 ....................................$32,950 • ’06 NH TN75DA, 62 h.p., cab, 2 WD, 16 spd. sycro. plus trans., 2 rear hyd., 540 PTO, 16.9x30 rear, 6 frt. wts. #32457 ............Was $21,950, ..........................Now $20,500 • Coming Soon: ’54 JD 40W, 2WD, 540 PTO, WFE, orig. paint, new battery, good tires, orig. owner’s manuals. #61009 ........................$5,950 • ’70 Ford 5000, 2 WD, open station, 69 h.p., gas eng., Select-o-Speed trans., 540 PTO, 3 pt., 16.9x30 rear at 75%, 3 frt. wts. #70008A....................Was $5,450 ..................................................Now $4,950

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farm&ranch ROUNDUP –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Feburary 20, 2014 ♦ 25

• Coming Soon: Wylie 1060, 1,000 gal. tank, 60’ rear fold booms on 20”, 1 set tips, Raven 440 controller, hyd. drive, 50 gal. rinse tank, chem. educator, foam markers, 12 tongue wts., hyd. fold & height lift, 11.25x24 tires, #100SA ..........................................$11,950 • ’02 Redball 665, 1,000 gal. tank, 60’ X-fold booms, Hy Pro pump, 320/85/38 tires, foam markers, Raven 440 controller. #301658 ..................Was $11,950 ..................................................Now $9,450 • ’95 Wylie Sprayer Nurse Trailer, 1,600 gal. tank, 5 h.p. Honda eng., chemical educator, 3 axle gooseneck trailer. #014994 ..........................................$6,950

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ROTARY CUTTERS

MOWER CONDITIONERS

• ’12 JD CX15, 15’ width, stump jumpers, 1000 PTO, frt. & rear dbl. chains, dual wing whls., severe duty tires, #25357 ..........................................................$16,750 • ’03 JD HX20, 1000 PTO, lam. tail whls., frt & rear chains, #1867 ....Was $14,950, ..............................................Now $13,950 • ’09 BU 2720, 20’, 540 CV PTO, frt. chains, rear guard, 6 lam. tail whls., #01467..Was $14,750, NOW $13,950 • ’08 JD HX15, 540 PTO, lam. tires, frt. & rear chains, stump jumpers, #16386 ..........................................................$10,950 • JD 1517, 540 PTO, 15’ width, stump jumpers, no chains, 4 aircraft tires ............................................................$7,950 • ’00 JD 1517, 540 PTO, 15’ width, stump jumpers, frt. rubber guard, 4 aircraft tires, #04513 ..........................$7,950 • ’11 Howse CFX15.5, 540 PTO, 15’ cut width, stump jumpers, lam. tires, frt. & rear chains, nice cond., #10014 ................ ........................Was $7,950, Now $7,450 • LP RC5015, 540 PTO, 15’ width, frt. chains, rear shield, stump jumpers, lam. whls., #199474................................$5,500

• ’07 JD 956, 14’6 width, 2 pt. hitch, 1000 PTO, steel roll cond., hyd. tilt, good cond., #330961............................$24,950 • ’08 JD 835 moco, imp. cond., 1000 PTO, 2 pt. hitch, 31Lx15 tires, #342481 ..........................................................$19,750 • ’04 CIH DCX131, 13’ cut width, center pivot, 1000 PTO, steel rolls, 2 pt. hitch, impl. tires #17022 .................... ................Was $16,950, NOW $15,950 • ’05 Challenger PTD12, 12’ cut width, 1000 PTO, steel rolls, #56101 ................Was $15,950, NOW $14,950

DISC MOWERS • ’08 Vermeer TM800 trailed mower, 10’6 cut width, 540 PTO, side pull w/draw bar hitch, #965 ................$8,950 • ’09 Vicon Extra 232, 3 pt. mtd., 10’ cut width, triple knife head, tarp, hyd. fold, used 1 season, #409518..............$8,950 • Vicon KM3200 trailed mower, 10’ cut width, 540 PTO, 10.5/65/16 truck tires, tarp, triple knife head, #1027 ................................................$7,250

HAY RAKES • Tonutti V12 Dominator, 12 whls., #00012 ..................$5,250

SKID STEERS • ’89 Gehl SL5625, 56 HP, dsl., hand controls, aux. hyd., 68” bucket, 2 spear bale spike, tires at 50%, #6460 ........$8,950

• ’10 JD 468, mega wide pickup, 1000 PTO, twine & net, hyd. pickup, bale kicker, monitor, 4,168 bales, 31x13.5 tires, #363899 ........................................$29,950 • ’09 JD 568, 540 PTO, mega wide pickup, twine & net, bale kicker, 21.5L-16.1 tires, hyd. pickup, 14,223 bales, fire ext., #357849 ........................................$26,950 • ’08 JD 468, mega wide pickup, twine & net wrap, 540 PTO, bale kicker, 16,612 bales, 21.5Lx16.1 tires, hyd. pickup, variable core, #343550 ....................$22,950 • ’05 CIH RBX562, 1000 PTO, monitor, twine & net, wide PU, #39870 .................... ................Was $16,500, NOW $13,950 • ’98 JD 566, reg. pickup, twine only, 540 PTO, gauge whls., gathering whls., bale kicker, variable core, 18,946 bales, #128318 ........................................$10,950 • ’97 JD 566, twine only, 540 PTO, reg. pickup, bale kicker, gauge whls., 31x13.5 tires, hyd. pickup, 9,285 bales, #116968 ....................Was $10,500, NOW $9,500 • ’98 NH 654, wide pickup, 540 PTO, twine & net wrap, bale command monitor, hyd. pickup, 16,000 bales approx., 12.5x15 tires, #957218 ......Was $7,950, ................................................NOW $6,950 • ’95 Vermeer 605K, reg. pickup, 540 PTO, twine & net wrap, hyd. pickup, gathering whls., equal fill auto tie monitor, #2458 ........Was $7,950, NOW $6,450 • ’99 JD 456, 540 PTO, twine only, reg. PU, hyd. bale ramp, #32271 .. ......................Was $6,950, NOW $5,000

UTILITY VEHICLES

WINDROWERS • ’05 NH HW345 Speedrower, hydro. trans, 1,102 hrs., 23.1x26 turf tires, rear axle susp. w/NH 2355 15.5’ discbine HDR., auger w/steel rolls, Donahue trailer, #1310077 ....................$69,500 Pkg.

MISCELLANEOUS • ’11 Westendorf 12’ drag scraper, man. tilt, like new! #81593 .......................... ........................Was $3,675, Now $3,175 • JD TR60B trencher, 6” cut width, skid steer mounts, requires hi flow hyd., good cond. ..................................................$2,500

• Coming In Soon: ’13 JD XUV 8251, green & yellow, only 17 hrs., gas, 4WD, OPS roll bar w/roof, bucket seats, hyd. dump, frt. & rear protection pkg., Maxis Big Horn tires, basic warranty exp.: March 1st, ’14, like new, #60398 ..........................................$12,950 • ’11 JD XUV 8251 (G&Y), gas, 4WD, 469 hrs., bench seat, bedliner, brakes & tail lights, OPS cab enclosure, Ancla XT tires, #26739........................Was $12,950, ..............................................Now $10,950 • Just Arrived: ’11 JD XUV 8251, green & yellow, gas, 4WD, 466 hrs., OPS roll bar, poly roof & full windshield, OPS soft sided cab, HD brush guard, Ancla AT tires, bench seat, brake & tail lights, bedliner, #16324 ................$9,395 • ’11 JD XUV 8251 (G&Y), 300 hrs., 4WD, gas, Ops roll bar, Poly roof & full windshield, loaded, #19162 ..............................................Now $10,750

1-800-662-5539

www.omalleyimplement.com

26♦

February 20, 2014 –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Credit: Photo by Jason Vance, MU Extension Teng Lim is researching biofilters using materials such as wood chips to reduce hog odors.

MU RESEARCHER LOOKING TO REDUCE HOG ODOR Story source:Teng Teeh Lim, COLUMBIA, Mo.–

Pork brings us the wonderful aromas of bacon frying, pork chops grilling and ham baking. However, the odor from a hog house is less pleasant. A University of Missouri Extension assistant professor of agricultural systems management is researching ways to reduce that odor. Through funding from the MU College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Teng Lim is working with biofilters to reduce the odor, dust and gas emissions from typical swine operations. Lim has evaluated small-scale biofilters at commercial hog farms and concluded that these biofilters could be scaled up to reduce emissions from larger hog operations. “We are trying to evaluate different potential media to improve the biofilters,” Lim says. He is looking at materials within the biofilters at the MU Swine Research Center in Columbia. Wood chips are the main type of media used in the filters, although he is also using a puffed plastic material. The biofilters at the MU hog facility have windows to observe the materials inside and are raised off the ground to keep them away from rodents. The rooms in the research barn all have individual ventilation

control systems and can be monitored over the Internet. The system uploads all the data to a server and sends a daily email with data from the previous 24 hours. Lim says the data lets the researchers evaluate whether the pigs are comfortable and monitor temperature fluctuation, humidity and pressure to make sure the whole system is working. When producers look to expand their operations or build a new barn, neighbors often have concerns about the odors. Lim says biofiltration is one of the least expensive ways to reduce odors and dust and should be part of farmers’ best management practices. “It also shows they are concerned with taking care of the environment and their neighbors and community as well,” he says. MU Extension structural engineers, air quality engineers, soil scientists and other specialists are working as a team to evaluate farms and offer recommendations on the best ways to mitigate odor and dust. Lim is also conducting research on anaerobic digesters, which can help with managing waste and controlling odor while also providing a source of energy. Manure from the facility goes through a 21-day biochemical process that produces methane gas,

Credit: Photo by Jason Vance, MU Extension MU Extension assistant professor Teng Lim and graduate assistant Brandon Harvey study the material inside a biofilter at the MU Swine Research Center. The biofilters reduce hog odors.

which can be used to fuel generators and boilers, says Brandon Harvey, a graduate assistant working with Lim.

er, a digester is a much more expensive proposition than biofilters, he said.

Harvey says that a hog farm could meet its energy needs with an anaerobic digester and even earn revenue selling excess energy to the grid.

“Every farm is different, so we’re trying to provide different options, viable options, sustainable options, for people to use,” Lim says. “As hog operations expand, it is critical that

For odor mitigation alone, howev-

they be responsible for the environment and be responsible for their community and neighbors. We want to make sure they have best management practices to adopt that improve their operations and minimize conflicts in their community.”

FARM EQUIPMENT DOUBLE B TRUCK and TRACTOR 417-358-5350 Hwy 59, Diamond, MO. Used Tractors: Ferguson 35, $2950; MF 85 with loader, $3250; 35HP TM with loader, $7950; 2425 Farm Pro w/ ldr, $6950; E232 Hinomoto w/ldr, $4950; 6240 Deutz-Allis with loader, $8250; 3000 Ford, $3950. USED EQUIPMENT: 5’ brush hogs; hay equipment: Krone, JD and Case balers: 4x5, 4x6, 5x6. Rakes/ 7’ disc mower; BT601 Kubota backhoe att; 5’ and 6’ finish mowers; post hole digger; 3 pt. log splitter. 1981 INTERNATIONAL diesel 10 wheeler grain with 22’ grain bed and Good condition. $12,500. 684-1007.

466 truck tarp. 417-

CHECK US OUT ON THE WEB!

WWW.BIGNICKEL.COM

FORD 7700 with like new loader, new paint and tires, 85HP, 2x4, $15,500; WW stock trailer, 6x24’, 3 axle, $1850. 620-856-5638.

1990 R42 Gleaner combine and 400 Flex header, motor hours 1755, sep hours 1344, $25,000; field cultivator 26’, 45 shanks, $9000; Big Ox 7 shank ripper, $2500; 5100 Int. drill, 21 hole, $3500; 6 row cultivator, $1000; 7000 John Deere planter, $6000; 10’ John Deere rotary cutter, $6000; Int. 5 bottom plow, $1000; 16’ John cultipacker, $4000; 1972 C 50 grain truck, 16’ bed, rebuilt mtr, $4000; 734 Bandit auger, 6x30’ auger PTO driven, $450. 918-787-5050.

RANCH HAND grill guards and frontend replacements. Rugged rear bumpers and HD across the bed tool boxes and job boxes. All powder coated to add to the beauty and durability of your truck. Stop by today and see our large in stock inventory! Don’t be fooled by look a likes that claim to protect your truck. There is only ONE Ranch Hand!!! WEATHERTECH CARGO and TRUNK liners and floor mats. Don’t settle for anything less than the best! Stop by today and see our display. Hours: Mon-Fri 8am-5:30pm and Sat. 8am12pm. JESPERSENS 19730 Hwy 59, Neosho, Mo. 417-451-1919. Please place your classified ads on THE BIG NICKEL website. Our web address is www.bignickel.com

farm&ranch ROUNDUP –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Feburary 20, 2014 ♦ 27

FARM EQUIPMENT

CATTLE

DOWN THE TRAIL

PASTURE, FEED & SEED

3960 JOHN Deere sileage chopper, 3 row 30 head, (3) badger wagons, 16’ tandem axle, Kelly Ryan 8’ sileage bagger. Sell all together. 417214-0022.

BULL BUSTER bumper to fit 2003-2005 Dodge, $500 or best offer. 417-861-4110.

18 MONTH old Charolais bulls. 417-850-5470.

FREE AYRA Youth Rodeo Judge’s Clinic, Saturday, February 22nd, 2pm. RISEN RANCH. 417-439-7592.

CORN SILAGE, $45 per ton; Sorgo sileage, $40 per ton; wrapped Triticale, 4x5 bales, 13% protein; 4x5 Fescue hay, $20 per bale. Delivery available. 417-540-0860.

“CERTIFIED” ORGANIC FEED GMO free. Chicken, hog, goat, sheep and horse available in 50# bags or by the ton. Webb City, MO. 417-540-9449. organicfeed1@gmail.com

DRYFORK DEISEL and AUTO Powerstroke Duramax and Cummins repair. Shop rate $50/hour. Quality repairs. Call/ text Darren 417-7932439. Carthage, Mo. WANTED: DEUTZ TRACTOR, 72HP, power cooled, 4x4, cab heat/ air, loader, good shape. 870-423-3452. MILLER IMPLEMENT CO. Used tractors, new and used farm implements: Koyker loaders, BigBee cutters. Call for all your after market tractor parts. 16 miles north of Joplin on 43 Hwy, 2 miles west. 417-642-5463. WE BUY and sell Ford 8N, 9N, Jubilee, 600, 800, and 900 parts. DLJ MACHINERY 417723-5275. Crane, Mo. SPRING RIVER TRACTOR AND COMBINE SALVAGE. We buy salvage, Lynn Youngberg, Verona, Mo., 417-235-2233. JESPERSEN MADE 3 PT. bale unrollers complete with spinners, hoses and cross hyd. cylinder, Hyd. pickup bale spears, 3 Pt. tractor spears and bucket spears. HYDRAULIC PUMPS: 12 volt, complete with cordset, 12 volt motor and 12 volt constant duty solenoids. JESPERSENS 19730 HWY 59 NEOSHO, MO 417-451-1919. TRACTORS: FARMALL Super M, older restoration, very nice, $2950 or best offer; Oliver 77, mechanically excellent, straight, $2200 firm. Call 417-848-8754, Brookline.

I BUY Tractors, Industrial Equipment, Farm Equipment and Complete Estates. Ron Duncan 417-762-5054. BARN DAMAGED? Get it repaired and give it a brand new look with new metal roof and sides. Structural work, replace old metal and add lean-to’s. Have 40’ Skytrac, skidsteer, and experience. Also, residential metal roofing with 40 year warranty, 22 colors. Very dependable, won’t blow off. Free estimates. YODER CUSTOM CONSTRUCTION, LLC. 417-388-0613 B&W TURNOVER ball converts from a towing unit to a level bed in less than 30 seconds. Installed while you wait! A hitch when you need it... a level bed when you don’t! With over 50 hitches in stock including the Companion 5th wheel hitches! Call for an appointment today to get yours! Hours: Mon-Fri 8am-5:30pm and Sat. 8am12pm. JESPERSENS 19730 Hwy 59, Neosho, Mo. 417-451-1919. MECHANIC WILL DO FARM EQUIPMENT overhauls, transmissions, hydraulics, electrical and welding. 417-5487642. 3010 JOHN Deere, and model A John Deere tractor, 90% restored, plow. 918-3252131. BATTERY OUTFITTERS, paying top $ for junk auto batteries. Call for current price per pound. Rogers, AR. 479-631-2346 Joplin, MO 417-624-2421 Golden, MO 417-271-3801 Springfield, MO 417-889-5245

SEVERAL NEW and used brush hogs, various sizes; 3 pt. garden tillers, 48”-54”-62”-70” and 85”. All kinds of other farm equipment: Tractors, mowers, balers, rakes, plows, discs, drills, gravity wagons, auger wagons, post augers, and drivers. C. Velten and Sons, Pierce City, Mo. 417-476-2570, cell 417-235-9638.

BELTS, BALERS, swathers, pickups and others. Factory direct. Overnight delivery. Save dollars. YOUNGBERG’S, Verona, MO. 417-498-6511.

Please place your classified ads on THE BIG NICKEL website. Our web address is www.bignickel.com

2011 DEWEZE HAY BED, 778 model, fits 1 ton truck, toolboxes, lights, etc., $8500. 479-381-1300.

1937 FARMALL F-20 tractor, completely restored, runs good and good rubber. 417321-0731.

LIVESTOCK CATTLE REGISTERED ANGUS BULLS. Big, rugged, serviceable age. Top performance breeding with low birth weights. Elbert Angus Farms 417-379-2120.

Sell your car or truck fast!

BIG NICKEL

VEHICLE AD-VENTURE

417-624-4100 (21) BLACK pairs with 400lb. calves. 6 year to short/ solid, $2450 per pair. Call 417-6695650. REGISTERED BLACK Limousin and Limflex Bulls, sired by the best AI bloodlines available. They are DNA tested, thick, very gentle, and loaded with muscle. Low birthweight, semen tested, guaranteed and should work well on heifers. Complete performance records available. If you are looking for a great bull to sire great calves, look no further. 417-438-0107. BLACK BULLS: SimXangus, Simmental, Angus. Buy early for Spring breeding, $1800 up. Parmley, Wyandotte, 918-9641582. REGISTERED ANGUS Bulls. Top quality and prove genetics. Yearlings to 18 months, semen tested and ready to breed. $2000-$5000. 417-366-0363. Can see pictures at ogdencattle.com

CATTLE REGISTERED BRAUNVIEH bulls, (1) black polled, 17 months, (1) full blood, 16 months, also grain fed locker beef. SKYM BRAUNVIEH RANCH. 417-548-3912. WHEATON LIVESTOCK Auction sale every Saturday 2pm. Low Commission/ No yardage. 417-652-3021 or 417-8477143. REGISTERED GELBVIEH/ Balancer Bulls, 12-15 months, AI sired by Jackhammer, reds and blacks. 417-635-7265. SPRING FLOOD RANCH GELBVIEH, BALANCER BULLS. Homozygous black, Homozygous polled, yearlings, calving ease with tremendous growth. 479-366-1234, 417364-5297. springfloodranch.blogspot.com (33) BRANGUS X cows. Calving February 1st., $2000 each. Call 417-669-5650. REGISTERED LIMOUSIN bulls: 12-36 months, reds, blacks, mostly polled, gentle, fertility checked, guaranteed breeders. Several bloodlines. Several heifers, show prospects. Free area delivery. CRYSTAL SPRINGS LIMOUSIN. 417-451-5984, or 417-540-0277. REGISTERED BLACK ANGUS BULLS, Performance tested, ultrasounded, bred for tremendous growth. XL ANGUS, SENECA, MO. 417437-9193.

BRANGUS BULLS Gentle, small birthweights. These bulls are service age, virgin bulls, semen checked, raised on forage, and ready to use. HATFIELD BRANGUS BENTONVILLE, AR HOME 479-273-3921 CELL 479-531-2605

RODEO ANNOUNCER needed for summer 2014 AYRA schedule. Must have own sound equipment. 417-4397592.

CHECK US OUT ON THE WEB! VISIT

POLLED FULLBLOOD Limousin bulls and bred heifers. Top genetics and easy calvers. Bulls semen tested. 479-3660541. ollarfarms.com

WWW.BIGNICKEL.COM

REGISTERED RED Gelbvieh Bull, 2-1/2 years old, semen tested, utd on shots, $1800. 918-964-0326.

4 STATE DRAFT HORSE Mule Sale, Flyin Cow Arena, Afton, OK. May 2nd and 3rd. 918-5426801.

(40) HEAD of black and black baldy bred cows. 2nd and 3rd period, 3-7 years old, $1850 per head. 417-366-0363. Can see pictures at ogdencattle.com (30) BLACK BrangusX cows. Calving February 1st., $2000 each. Call 417-669-5650. 20 month old Sim/Angus bulls. 417-850-5470. (6) 15-18 month old Angus Bulls. Hand fed. Low birth weight. Virgin bulls. Choice $1800; (1) 30 month old Angus bull, $2100. 620-2020167. (31) MIXED pairs with 400lb. calves. 5 to short/ solid, $2450 per pair. Call 417-669-5650. REGISTERED BRANGUS Heifers, bred to registered Brangus bull. Start calving March 10th. Gentle, pregnancy checked, vaccinated and wormed. HATFIELD BRANGUS, Bentonville, AR. 479-2733921, cell 479-531-2605. PUREBRED HEREFORD yealing Bulls. Gentle. Pictures available. J&J Farms. Call or text 417-850-8829. MO-ARK LIVESTOCK AUCTION, Exeter, Mo. receives cattle Fridays 9:30am-7pm for Saturday’s auction. 417-3691013, 417-846-3355 or 417835-3000. COMING 2 year registered HORNED HEREFORD Bulls. 417- 537-0050. GELBVIEH BULLS, 18 months, registered; fescue hay, $35 bale. All 4x5, net wrapped, 417-394-2718 or 417-7930788. Registered Red Angus Bulls, and heifers. DIAMANTE RED ANGUS RANCH DIAMOND MO. Herdsman Jarrod Todd 417846-3248 or 417-325-6292. BOBCAT, BACKHOE, DOZER. Excavating work. Demolition of houses and buildings. Land clearing and tree removal. Concrete removal and clean up. Dirt and rock work, brush clean up. Septic tanks and water lines installed. 417-4372698. ANGUS BULLS, registered, performance and semen tested, 18-22 months old. Gentle, calving ease bulls with quality bloodlines. YERINGTON ANGUS RANCH. 417-850-1459. LIMOUSIN BULLS, reds and blacks, large selection, bred and open Limousin heifers. Double J Ranch, 417-8423353, Ron 417-214-0279, Will 417-350-9810. (15) BLACK cows coming with their second calves, (7) on ground, rest springers. 417850-1726.

DOWN THE TRAIL QUALITY HORSE training by world Champion. Specializing in reining, trail, ranch horses. Starting all breeds under saddle. 35 years experience. Robert 417-3663540 (Miller). www.johnsonsperformancehors es.com

5X6 ROUND bales fescue hay. $20. 417-793-2114.

HAY, 4’x62”, net wrapped, fescue/ clover/ prairie $30. Can haul. Local free delivery. 417499-3940.

WHEAT STRAW. Square bales, clean and bright, $2.50 bale. Wentworth, MO. Contact Tom at 417-825-1832.

STRAW BALES, (1000) plus available, garden, bedding, erosion control, $4 in barn. Gentry, AR, Cody 479-3665686.

HORSES, MULES & TACK

ATTENTION! SALE DATE CHANGE. ROBBINS HORSE AUCTIONS 1st and 3rd FRIDAY of every month. Hwy 76/86 Exeter, Mo. Tack sale 6pm. Horse sale 8pm. Call Gene Robbins 417-835-2238. STALLION REEBOKS Kid, Standing to the Public. Multiple National reining Champion. Producing good minded foals with abiltiy and looks. Earnings over $150,000. Stud fee, $500. 417-366-3540. www.johnsonsperformancehors es.com BUYING HORSES All kinds. Joe Western 417-4372138. Get a fair price for your horse. Save commission and coggins test expenses. HORSESHOEING FOR $28. TRIMS $14. Our 19th year of classes start at Heartland Horseshoeing School in March. We can come to your farm for enough horses. Shoeing at the school in Lamar on most Wednesdays. Call Chris Gregory at 417-682-6896 for scheduling and appointments.

MISC. LIVESTOCK ALTERNATIVE LIVESTOCK AND BIRD AUCTION. March 1st & 2nd. Woodson County Fairgrounds. Yatescenter, Kansas. For information call Jim 620-423-0832. OR: www.kramerlivestockfarm.com

PASTURE, FEED & SEED (200) BALES of prairie hay, 5x5, $18 a bale. Blue Jacket, OK. 918541-5672. Korean Lespedeza seed, $1 a lb. 918-541-7388. (500) 5X6 round bales of wheat straw, $15 per bale. 417-6841007. SQUARE bales of Bermuda hay. Horse quality. 918-5338527. FIRST CUTTING, horse quality hay, 4x5 net wrapped, fertilized, $25/ bale. Some delivery available. 417-592-7616, 417451-2300. SMALL SQUARE Teff hay or Alfalfa; big 3x3x8 bales Alfalfa or mixed grass hay. 620-3968385. 5X6 MIXED hay, prairie, Bermuda and fescue, $35. 918675-4575. Early morning or after 7pm. CORN SILAGE, covered pile, inoculated, $45 per ton, loaded, delivery available, 25 miles north of Joplin; also straw round bales. 417-214-0887. NET WRAPPED hay in McDonald County, delivery/ loading available, $20. 417845-2150 or 417-355-3837.

VANDORN SPREADING for all your lime and litter needs. Serving the 4 State area. Marcus VanDorn 417825-4230, 417-389-1293.

ATTENTION DAIRYMEN and cattlemen. For more milk and more weight gain, feed the best.Corn silage for sale. 417-652-7364 417-235-9712 (1000) 4X5 net wrapped mixed grass hay, $30/ bale, delivery YOUNGBERG available. RANCH SUPPLY, Verona, Mo. 417-498-6511. 1ST CUTTING, Brome square bales; also Brome and Brome, Fescue, Red Clover mixed round bales. Limed, fertilized, good quality. 417-623-9002. HORSE QUALITY BERMUDA HAY small squares. Call 417-8250288 or 417-8254231. BERMUDA, FESCUE, 5x6, net wrapped. 417642-5507. (75) BIG round bales mixed grass, 6x5 net wrapped, baled early June, in barn, $35. 417-529-3398. KINCAID SEED CO., LLC. Largest selection of Spring Seeds in SWMO Jasper, Mo. 1-1/2 miles west of Jasper on H Hwy. OFFICE: 417-394-3100, Cell: 417-438-2793, 417-540-3106. Korean Lespedeza; Kenland Red Clover; Med. RC/Ladino mix; “Solid Red” Clover; Venus Alfalfa; America’s Brand Alfalfa; VNS Ladino; Durana & Patriot white clover; KY31 Fescue; Max Q Fescue (Endophyte Friendly); Cow Pro Forage Fescue (Endo Free); Turf Fescues (Lawn and Sports Fields); WSG Mixes available for CRP & Conservation; Hallmark Orchardgrass; Jerry Spring Oats; Timothy; Smooth Brome Grass; Certified Stoddard Beans; Now Available! Round baler net wrap, Poly and Sisal Twine. 4x5-1/2 ROUND BALES: Triticale, $40; Fescue, $35. 417-437-9849. HARRIS AG-LIME Hauling and Spreading Call Marion 417-296-5902 or Tim 417-592-8130. 3X3X8 SQUARE Prairie hay. 417-5290081 or 417-529-7556. BRADFORD SPREADING. FOUR STATE AREA LIME AND LITTER SPREADING. TIM BRADFORD, 417-8508137 OR 417-439-2203. LITTLE SQUARE bales of bermuda/ crab grass mixed hay, clean, fertilized, no weeds, $6; little square bales prairie hay, $4; Also, have round bales of hay, $30 and up. 417-7768451. GOOD QUALITY hay stored in barn. 4x5 bales. Near Powell, MO. $35. 417-4352094. SMALL SQUARE Prairie, $4; 4x4 round prairie $20; fescue $15. 620-249-7401. Pittsburg, Kansas.

LOOKING FOR pasture for yearlings, Feb. thru July. SW MO, NE Oklahoma, NW Arkansas. References available. Call 417-456-1245 or 918-964-0546.

HAY 4X5 ROUNDS: PRAIRIE hay, $30 or BERMUDA grass, $35. Miami/ Wyandotte area. Delivery available. 417-3858076. EXCELLENT QUALITY Prairie hay, small squares, wire tied or big round net wrapped bales; also Fescue big round, net wrapped bales. 417-214-7900. HAY: FESCUE 4x5-1/2, net wrapped, 2013, $25. Aurora, MO. 417-343-0554, 417-3431811. SMALL SQUARE bales Prairie hay, $4 a bale. 417-262-0146. GELBVIEH BULLS, 18 months, registered; fescue hay, $35 bale. All 4x5, net wrapped, 417-394-2718 or 417-7930788. (400+) 4X5 round bales top quality prairie hay. Call 479531-2000 or 417-226-4588. In Joplin, Mo. (130) BALES quality grass hay. Tested 10.6% protein. Net wrapped 4x6 bales, no weeds. Baled 6/13/13. $30 per bale. 417-825-3773. FOR SALE: Lespedeza seed and fescue, clean and tested. 417-394-2671, or 417-5407845. 4X5 ROUND bales mixed grass or Prairie, $15. (20) or more. Can deliver. 417-674-1193, 417-850-7546. BERMUDA HAY for sale: 3x4x8 square bales. Cow hay starting $30; Horse quality $70; small squares $4.50. Wayne Morey 918-5330803, Morgan Morey 918-3250945.

Quality feed at Affordable Prices. Corn syrup, $65 a ton 16% mixed feed, $250 a ton Corn gluten pellets, $240 a ton Dried distiller grain, $250 a ton oats, $360 a ton ground corn $220 a ton peanut mixed feed, $250 ton 16% mixed feed in 50lb sacks $6.75. Located 4 miles west of Stotts City on Farm Road 2120. Contact: Lance 417-316-0574. Prices subject to change without notice. Call to inquire. Ask about delivery in bulk or super sacks. SMALL SQUARE bales Alfalfa, Alfalfa/ Orchardgrass, Timothy, Orchardgrass, Horse quality. Marionville. 417-258-2453. BERMUDA SMALL squares, very good, $6. Buffalo Creek Ranch, 417-389-3604. (60) LARGE round bales Bermuda grass mix hay, 4x5, $30 a bale. 417-845-8640, cell 417-846-3325.

SHEEP & GOATS TOGGENBURG BUCK 3/24/13, good milking pedigree, polled, has been shown, $200 or best offer. 417-540-5861. (1) REGISTERED DOE, fullblood Boer, redhead, born 3-13, $300. 417-4391904.

TRAILERS 16’ WW stock trailer, $3500; 18’ aluminum car trailer, $3500. 909-228-3047 or 918-2441920. 1994, 3 horse slant with dividers. Front changing room, rear tack closet, drop windows drivers side. New floor, good tires and paint. $4800 or best offer. 620-2490161.