Contents Unit 1: Classroom English ...................................... 4 Activity 1: Working with a Partner ....................... 14 Unit 2: What’s your name? .................................... 16 Activity 2: Control-the-Teacher Dictation ............. 28 Unit 3: Where are you from? ................................. 30 Activity 3: Saying Numbers . ................................. 42 Unit 4: What do you do? ........................................ 44 Activity 4: Practice Dialogue . ............................... 56 Unit 5: Do you have any brothers or sisters? . ....... 58 Activity 5: Connected Speech ......................................70 Unit 6: What do you do in your free time? ............ 72 Activity 6: Other Ways of Explaining . .......................84 Unit 7: Where did you learn English? . ................... 86 Activity 7: Self-Introduction ........................................98
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Unit 3
Where are you from?
Questions Work with a partner. Translate the questions below into Japanese. 1. Where are you from?
Introduction
..................................................................................................................... 2. Where do you live?
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..................................................................................................................... 3. Where is that?
Listen to the sentences below.
∆∆ ∆∆ ∆∆ ∆∆
..................................................................................................................... 4. Which part of Tokyo?
I’m from Suginami Ward in Tokyo. I’m from Hachinohe. It’s in Aomori Prefecture in the northeast of Japan.
..................................................................................................................... 5. Whereabouts in Aomori?
I’m from Takayama. It’s a small town in the north of Gifu Prefecture. I’m from Yokohama. It’s about thirty minutes south of Tokyo by train.
..................................................................................................................... 6. Are you from Osaka originally?
Now write sentences to describe where you are from to each of these people: 1. An American who has never been to Japan.
..................................................................................................................... 7. How long have you lived in Osaka?
..................................................................................................................... 2. A Brazilian who has lived in Japan for ten years (but not in your city).
..................................................................................................................... 8. When did you move to Osaka?
..................................................................................................................... 3. An Australian who teaches at your school or university.
..................................................................................................................... 9. Do you still have family in Hokkaido?
.....................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................... 10. What’s your hometown like?
Practice your sentences until you can say them fluently, then read them to a partner. Ask your teacher to check your pronunciation if you are not confident.
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A small town in the north of Gifu Prefecture
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Hometown
Hometown
To answer this question, you need to consider whether or not the person is likely to have heard of your hometown. If you think that he or she may not have heard of it, you should explain roughly where it is. If you think that the person is probably familiar with your hometown, you can give more detail if you want to.
Listen and repeat the questions.
“Where are you from?” can have two meanings. When you ask people this, some will tell you where they live now, and others will tell you where they were born.
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Example Answers
My Answers
Read the example answers below. Make sure you understand the points.
Fill in the blanks in the questions so that they apply to you, then write your answers. Do not answer question numbers 8 or 9 if you have always lived in the same place.
TTWhere are you from?
DD(I’m from) Tokyo. CC(In) Hachinohe.
..................................................................................................................... 2. Where do you live?
TTWhere is that?
DDIt’s in Aomori Prefecture in the northeast of Japan.
..................................................................................................................... 3. Where is that?
TTWhich part of Tokyo?
..................................................................................................................... 4. Which part of ?
TTWhereabouts in Japan?
..................................................................................................................... 5. Whereabouts in ?
CCSuginami Ward.
DDKyushu.
You can also say, “Whereabouts in Tokyo?”, etc.
TTAre you from Kobe originally?
CCYes, I’ve lived here all my life.
If not, you can say, “No, I was born in ….”
TTHow long have you lived in Kyoto? DDFor about ten years. Or “Since I was five,” etc.
TTWhen did you move to Nagoya?
CCWhen I was ten.
TTDo you still have family in Kyushu?
DDYes, my parents and my brother live there.
Hometown
Hometown
TTWhere do you live?
1. Where are you from?
..................................................................................................................... 6. Are you from originally? ..................................................................................................................... 7. How long have you lived in ? ..................................................................................................................... 8. When did you move to ? ..................................................................................................................... 9. Do you still have family in ? ..................................................................................................................... 10. What’s your hometown like? ..................................................................................................................... When you have finished, raise your hand and ask the teacher, “Please check my answers” if you are not sure about any of them. Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions.
TTWhat’s your hometown like?
CCIt’s very hot in the summer, but it’s a nice place to live. “What’s it like?” means “Please tell me about your hometown.”
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Example Conversations
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CCWhere are you from? DDI was born in Osaka, but I moved to Tokyo when I was five. CCWhy did you move? DDBecause of my father’s job.
Work with a partner. Silently read each conversation and the points that follow. When you have both finished, discuss the meaning to make sure you understand. Practice acting the conversations out if you finish before your classmates. 32
Conversation 1
Hometown
If the place you live now is different from the place you were born, you can say, “I was born in ~, but I moved to ~ when I was ~” when you answer the question “Where are you from?” 37
DDWhere are you from? CCI was born and raised in Aomori. DDAomori City? CCNo, I come from a small town in the south of the prefecture. DDWhat’s it like? CCIt’s very quiet. There is not much to do.
Do not say “Japan” if the other person already knows that. If you have heard of the place someone is from, say, “Okay.” 33
Conversation 2
DDWhere are you from? CCI’m from Kariya. DDKariya? Where’s that? CCIt’s about thirty minutes south of Nagoya by train. You can explain where your hometown is by saying how long it takes to get there from a big city. 34
Conversation 3
CCWhere are you from? DDTokyo. CCWhereabouts in Tokyo? DDSuginami Ward. Do you know Tokyo? CCYes, my wife’s parents live there. If someone asks, “Which part of …?” or “Whereabouts in …?”, ask them whether they know your hometown. 35
Conversation 6
Hometown
CCWhere are you from? DDJapan. CCReally? Which part? DDHokkaido. CCHokkaido, okay.
Conversation 5
In English, people do not usually say “~ City” or “~ Town” when they say the name of a place. However, if the name of a town or city is also the name of a prefecture, it is normal to say “Aomori City,” “Gifu City,” etc. 38
Conversation 7
CCWhere are you from? DDI’m from Mie originally, but I live in Nagoya now. CCDo you still have family in Mie? DDYes, my parents and my younger sister live there. CCDo you go back often? DDYes, I usually go back in the holidays. “I’m from Mie originally” means the same as “I was born in Mie.”
Conversation 4
DDAre you from Kyoto originally? CCNo, I was born in Aomori. DDWhen did you move to Kyoto? CCWhen I was fourteen. 34
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Writing Write some conversations using your own information. Vary the patterns and combine some of the examples to make longer conversations.
CC..................................................................................................................... DD..................................................................................................................... CC..................................................................................................................... DD.....................................................................................................................
CC..................................................................................................................... DD..................................................................................................................... CC..................................................................................................................... DD..................................................................................................................... CC..................................................................................................................... DD..................................................................................................................... Conversation 6
Conversation 2
DD..................................................................................................................... CC..................................................................................................................... DD..................................................................................................................... CC.....................................................................................................................
DD..................................................................................................................... CC..................................................................................................................... DD..................................................................................................................... CC..................................................................................................................... DD..................................................................................................................... CC.....................................................................................................................
Hometown
Hometown
Conversation 1
Conversation 5
Conversation 3
CC..................................................................................................................... DD..................................................................................................................... CC..................................................................................................................... DD..................................................................................................................... Conversation 4
DD..................................................................................................................... CC..................................................................................................................... DD..................................................................................................................... CC..................................................................................................................... DD.....................................................................................................................
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Conversation 7
CC..................................................................................................................... DD..................................................................................................................... CC..................................................................................................................... DD..................................................................................................................... CC..................................................................................................................... DD..................................................................................................................... CC..................................................................................................................... DD..................................................................................................................... Work with a partner. Role-play each other’s conversations. Try to make them sound as natural as possible. Practice until you can do it without looking at your book.
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Pronunciation Focus
Speaking
In English, some words are pronounced differently depending on whether they are stressed or not. “From” is one of these words. For example, in the first sentence below, “from” is stressed, so it is pronounced strongly. In the second sentence, however, it is not stressed.
If you are confident that you know the questions and answers from this unit, find a partner and improvise conversations like the ones you wrote without looking at your book. When you can do that, try to build a longer conversation beginning with “What’s your name”? and continuing with “Where are you from?” Ask follow-up questions, and remember to change the pattern of the conversation each time.
“You” can also be pronounced in two ways. It is normally weak, but it is pronounced strongly when you ask someone a question that they have already asked you. 39
∆∆ Where are you /jə/ from? ∆∆ I’m from Miyagi. Where are you /juː/ from?
Memo Write down any language you have learned in this unit that you think might be difficult for you to remember. This will help you when you review for the test. .....................................................................................................................................
Hometown
Hometown
∆∆ Where are you from? /fɾɒm/ ∆∆ I’m from /fɾəm/ Osaka.
.....................................................................................................................................
Practice asking about hometowns with a partner. Use your own information. Focus on the different pronunciations of “from” and “you.”
..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................
Listening
.....................................................................................................................................
Listen to the conversations. Write the answers given by each speaker. Check your answers with a partner.
.....................................................................................................................................
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Conversation 1 Place where the speaker was born
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Conversation 2
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Conversation 3
..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................
Place where the speaker lives now
..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................
Information about the speaker’s hometown
..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................
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Reading
Technique #3: Give a short answer, and then add more information.
Read the following text. Underline anything you do not understand. When you have finished, ask your partner if he or she understands the parts that you underlined. If neither of you understands, ask another classmate, or ask the teacher. (Say, “Excuse me, we don’t understand this part.”) Discuss your thoughts and ideas about the topic with your partner when you are ready. Your teacher will tell you whether you should do this in Japanese or in English.
Techniques for Speaking Naturally There are many differences between learning English conversation and learning English for exams. For example, junior high school students are taught to answer questions with full sentences. This is to make sure that they know the grammar, but it sounds unnatural if you do it too much in a conversation. Here are some techniques that you can use to make your English more natural: Technique #1: Use a combination of full sentences and one-word answers. Speakers of English often answer questions with only one or two words:
DDWhere are you from? CCOsaka. DDHow long have you lived there? CCSix years. However, people may think that you are being rude if you answer every question like this, so try to find a balance between long and short answers.
CCWhere are you from? DDI’m from Osaka. CCHow long have you lived there? DDSix years.
CCWhere are you from? DDOsaka. I’ve lived here all my life. Technique #4: Repeat the last part of the other person’s sentence with rising intonation before asking a question.
DDI’m from Osaka. CCOsaka? Which part? The key to making your English sound more natural is to use a combination of these techniques. Using any of them too much will make you sound even more unnatural. For example, it would sound very strange if you said, “How about you?” every time somebody asked you a question! Memorizing the questions and answers in this book is not the final goal of the class. In fact, it is only the first step. When you can answer all of the questions fluently and accurately without thinking, your teacher will be able to show you how to make your conversations more natural.
I'm from Osaka.
Osaka? Which part?
Technique #2: Answer a question, and then ask one. Another way to make your English sound more natural is to answer a question and then ask the other person the same question or something new.
DDWhere are you from? CCOsaka. How about you? DDTokyo. How long have you lived in Osaka? CCSix years.
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Activity 3
Saying Numbers
Listening Your teacher will read out some numbers. Write the numbers you hear. Check your answers with a partner when you have finished.
Here are some points to remember about saying numbers in English: 1. Numbers that end with “teen” have the stress on the final syllable when they are said by themselves. Numbers that end with “ty” have the stress on the first syllable.
∆∆ sevenTEEN
SEVenty
“Teen” numbers have the stress on the first syllable when they are said in a series, or when they are used with a noun.
∆∆ FOURteen, FIFteen, SIXteen, etc. ∆∆ SEVenteen people, THIRteen hours, etc.
Practice Write a number in each of the boxes. Say your numbers to your partner in English. Write the numbers your partner says to you. If you want your partner to start, say, “You go first.” If you want to start, say, “I’ll go first.” When your partner has finished, say, “Now it’s my turn.” My Numbers
2. In numbers higher than one hundred, “and” is used in British English (and sometimes in American English) before the tens.
American English
British English
one hundred twenty-one three thousand four hundred two
one hundred and twenty-one three thousand four hundred and two
My Partner’s Numbers
3. English does not have a unit like “man.” When you say a number that is higher than 9,999, multiply the number before “man” by ten.
∆∆ ∆∆ ∆∆ ∆∆
1 man
= ten thousand
1 man 5 sen
= fifteen thousand
8 man
= eighty thousand
13 man 2 sen
= one hundred (and) thirty two thousand
In English, 100 man = one million.
∆∆ 142 man
= one million, four hundred (and) twenty thousand
140 man can also be expressed as “one point four million.”
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