Contents Unit 1: Classroom English ..................................... 4 Activity 1: Working with a Partner ...................... 14 Unit 2: What’s your name? ................................... 16 Activity 2: Control-the-Teacher Dictation ............. 28 Unit 3: Where are you from? ................................ 30 Activity 3: Saying Numbers .................................. 42 Unit 4: What do you do? ....................................... 44 Activity 4: Practice Dialogue ................................ 56 Unit 5: Do you have any brothers or sisters? ........ 58 Activity 5: Connected Speech .....................................70 Unit 6: What do you do in your free time? ........... 72 Activity 6: Other Ways of Explaining ........................84 Unit 7: Where did you learn English? .................... 86 Activity 7: Self-Introduction .......................................98
33
Unit 3
Where are you from? Introduction
Hometown
この質問に答えるには、相手があなたの出身地について知っているかどうかを考えなけ ればなりません。知らない可能性が高い場合は、簡単に日本のどこにあるのかを説明し ます。 よく知っていると思う場合は、 さらに詳しい説明をすることができます。 30
下記の英文を読み、発音を聞きましょう。
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
I’m from Suginami Ward in Tokyo. I’m from Hachinohe. It’s in Aomori Prefecture in the northeast of Japan. I’m from Takayama. It’s a small town in the north of Gifu Prefecture. I’m from Yokohama. It’s about thirty minutes south of Tokyo by train.
下記の人物に、 自分の出身地について説明する文章を書きましょう。
1.
日本を訪れたことのないアメリカ人
..................................................................................................................... 2. 10年間、 日本(あなたの出身地以外) に住んでいるブラジル人 ..................................................................................................................... 3. あなたの学校で教えているオーストラリア人 ..................................................................................................................... パートナーと二人で、Where are you from?とそれぞれの答えを練習しましょう。同じ 質問を聞き返すときは、Where are YOU from?の 「you」 の部分が強調されるので、注 意しましょう。
3030
Questions
パートナーと二人で、下記の英文の和訳を書きましょう。 (正解が複数あるものもある)
1.
Where are you from?
..................................................................................................................... 2. Where do you live?
..................................................................................................................... 4. Which part of Tokyo? ..................................................................................................................... 5. Whereabouts in Aomori?
Hometown
..................................................................................................................... 3. Where is that?
..................................................................................................................... 6. Are you from Osaka originally? ..................................................................................................................... 7. How long have you lived in Osaka? ..................................................................................................................... 8. When did you move to Osaka? ..................................................................................................................... 9. Do you still have family in Hokkaido? ..................................................................................................................... 10. What’s your hometown like? ..................................................................................................................... 31
CD、 または先生の発音を聞いて繰り返しましょう。
Where are you from?の意味は、 「出身地」 と 「現住所」の二 通りに解釈できるので、生まれたところを言う人もいれば、今住 んでいるところを言う人もいます。相手がどちらを言っている のか分からない場合は、Are you from 〜 originally?と聞け ばいいです。
3131
Example Answers
下記の答え方の例を読み、 ポイントの説明を理解しているか確認しましょう。
Where are you from?
(I’m from) Tokyo.
Where do you live?
Hometown
(In) Hachinohe. Where is that?
It’s in Aomori Prefecture in the northeast of Japan.
Which part of Tokyo?
Suginami Ward.
Whereabouts in Japan?
Kyushu.
Whereabouts in Tokyo?などとも言えます。
Are you from Kobe originally?
Yes, I’ve lived here all my life.
出身地が違う場合は、No, I was born in…と言えます。
How long have you lived in Kyoto?
For about ten years.
または、Since I was five.などと言いましょう。
When did you move to Nagoya?
When I was ten.
Do you still have family in Kyushu?
Yes, my parents and my brother live there.
What’s your hometown like?
It’s very hot in the summer, but it’s a nice place to live. What’ s it like?は、 「あなたの出身地について教えてくださ い」 という意味です。
3232
My Answers
自分の情報に合うように、下記の英文の空欄を埋め、 それぞれの答えを書きましょう。 (8・9番は出身地と現住所が違う人のみ)
1.
Where are you from?
..................................................................................................................... 2. Where do you live?
..................................................................................................................... 4. Which part of ?
Hometown
..................................................................................................................... 3. Where is that?
..................................................................................................................... 5. Whereabouts in ? ..................................................................................................................... 6. Are you from originally? ..................................................................................................................... 7. How long have you lived in ? ..................................................................................................................... 8. When did you move to ? ..................................................................................................................... 9. Do you still have family in ? ..................................................................................................................... 10. What’s your hometown like? ..................................................................................................................... 自信がない場合は手を挙げて、Please check my answers.と先生に確認しましょう。 パートナーと二人で練習しましょう。 お互いに質問したり答えたりすること。
3333
Example Conversations
次の会話とポイントの説明を読んでください。読み終わったら、 パートナーと二人で、 そ れぞれの意味を確認しましょう。意味を理解できたら、 それぞれの会話を聞き、 そのま ま情報を変えずにパートナーと練習しましょう。 イントネーションに注意すること。 32
Conversation 1
Hometown
Where are you from? Japan. Really? Which part? Hokkaido. Hokkaido, okay. 相手があなたの国籍を知っている場合は、Japan.と答えない こと。相手の出身地を聞いたことがある場合は、Okay.と言い ましょう。 33
Conversation 2
Where do you live? Kariya. Kariya? Where’s that? It’s about thirty minutes south of Nagoya by train. よく知られている町からどのくらい離れているかを説明するこ とで、出身地の場所を伝えることができます。 34
Conversation 3
Where are you from? Tokyo. Whereabouts in Tokyo? Suginami Ward. Do you know Tokyo? Yes, my wife’s parents live there. 相手にWhich part of…?やWhereabouts in…?と聞かれ た場合は、その町のことを知っているかどうか聞きましょう。 35
Conversation 4
Are you from Kyoto originally? No, I was born in Aomori. When did you move to Kyoto? When I was fourteen. 3434
36
Conversation 5
Are you from Tokyo? Actually, I was born in Osaka. I moved to Tokyo when I was five. Why did you move? Because of my father’s job. 出身地と現住所が違う場合は、I was born in…, but I moved to… when I was…などと返事をしましょう。 Conversation 6
Where are you from? I was born and raised in Aomori. Aomori City? No, I come from a small town in the south of the prefecture. What’s it like? It’s very quiet. There is not much to do.
Hometown
37
英語では、基本的に町の名前の後に〜Cityや〜Townをつけ ませんが、県と市の名前が同じ場合は、Aomori CityやGifu Cityのように言います。 38
Conversation 7
Where are you from? I’m from Mie originally, but I live in Nagoya now. Do you still have family in Mie? Yes, my parents and my younger sister live there. Do you go back often? Yes, I usually go back in the holidays. I’ m from Mie originally.は、I was born in Mie.と同じ意味 です。
3535
Writing
初対面の人との会話を書きましょう。 トピックは 「出身地」 です。前のページの会話を参 考に、 自分のことについて書いてください。
My Conversation 1 .....................................................................................................................................
Hometown
..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................
3636
次に、質問の順番を変えたり、答え方を変えて、My conversation 1 とは違う会話を 書きましょう。
My Conversation 2 ..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................
Hometown
.....................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... My Conversation 1、My Conversation 2のどちらかの会話が教科書を見ないでで きるようになるまで練習してください。 (質問する役の人は教科書を見てもいい)
3737
Pronunciation Focus
英語の単語には、強勢が置かれるか置かれないかによって、発音が変わるものがありま す。fromはその1つになります。例えば、下記の1つ目の例文では、fromは強く発音しま すが、2つ目の文では、fromには強勢が置かれないので、弱く発音します。
Hometown
∆ Where are you from? /fɾɒm/ ∆ I’m from /fɾəm/ Osaka. youも同様に、発音は二通りあります。普段は弱く発音しますが、相手に聞かれた質問 を聞き返す場合は強く発音します。 39
∆ Where are you /jə/ from? ∆ I’m from Miyagi. Where are you /juː/ from? パートナーを見つけて、 お互いの出身地について質問したり答えたりしましょう。from とyouの発音の違いに注意すること。
Listening
会話を聞き、 それぞれの答えを下記の表に書きましょう。終わったら、 パートナーと二人 で答えを確認しましょう。 40
Conversation 1 Place where the speaker was born
Place where the speaker lives now
Information about the speaker’s hometown
3838
41
Conversation 2
42
Conversation 3
Speaking
このユニットで学習した質問と自分で書いた答えを覚えた人は、 パートナーを見つ け、 その場で色々なパターンの会話を考えて練習しましょう。次に、 もっと長い会話 (What’s your name?から始めて、Where are you from?まで) に挑戦しましょう。 質問を追加したり、毎回会話のパターンを変えて練習すること。
Memo
..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................
Hometown
学習済みの単語や表現で、教科書に載っていないものをここに書きましょう。
..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................
3939
Reading
下記の文章を読み、分からない部分に下線を引きましょう。終わったら、下線を引いた 部分をパートナーに聞いて確認しましょう。二人とも分からない場合は、他のクラスメ イトに確認するか、先生にExcuse me, we don’t understand this part.と聞きまし ょう。 その後、 文章の内容について、 パートナーとお互いの意見や感想などを言い合い ましょう。 日本語、英語のどちらの言語で話し合うのかは先生が指示します。 (*文章の 和訳はホームページ (www.btbpress.com) を参照してください)
Techniques for Speaking Naturally There are many differences between learning English conversation and learning English for tests. For example, junior high school students are taught to answer questions with full sentences. This is to make sure that they know the grammar, but it sounds unnatural if you do it too much in a conversation. Here are some techniques that you can use to make your English more natural: Technique #1: Use a combination of full sentences and one-word answers. Proficient speakers of English often answer questions with only one or two words:
Where do you live? Osaka. How long have you lived there? Six years. However, people may think that you are being rude if you answer every question like this, so try to find a balance between long and short answers.
Where do you live? I live in Osaka. How long have you lived there? Six years. Technique #2: Answer a question, and then ask one. Another way to make your English sound more natural is to answer a question and then ask the other person the same question or something new.
Where do you live? Osaka. How about you? Tokyo. How long have you lived in Osaka? Six years. 4040
Technique #3: Give a short answer, and then add more information.
Where are you from? Osaka. I’ve lived here all my life. Technique #4: Repeat the last part of the other person’s sentence with rising intonation before asking a question.
I’m from Osaka. Osaka? Which part? The key to making your English sound more natural is to use a combination of these techniques. Using any of them too much will make you sound even more unnatural. For example, it would sound very strange if you said, “How about you?” every time somebody asked you a question! Memorizing the questions and answers in this book is not the final goal of the class. In fact, it is only the first step. When you can answer all of the questions fluently and accurately without thinking, your teacher will be able to show you how to make your conversations more natural. Try to include these techniques when you write your conversations.
4141
Activity 3
Saying Numbers 英語の数字を発音するときは、下記のポイントに注意しましょう。
1.
-teenで終わる数字を単独で言う場合は、最後の音節にアクセントを置きます。-ty で終わる数字は最初の音節にアクセントを置きます。
∆ sevenTEEN
SEVenty
-teenで終わる数字を連続で言う場合、 または名詞の前に置く場合は、 アクセント は最初の音節に置きます。
∆ FOURteen, FIFteen, SIXteen, etc. ∆ SEVenteen people, THIRteen hours, etc. 2. イギリス英語では、100/1000/100万と100以下の数字の間に and を入れます が、 アメリカ英語では、 このandは省略できます。 American English
British English
one hundred twenty-one three thousand four hundred two
one hundred and twenty-one three thousand four hundred and two
3. 英語には「万」 という単位がないので、1万以上の数字を言う場合は 「万」 の前の数 字に10をかけます。
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
1万
= ten thousand
1万五千
= fifteen thousand
8万
= eighty thousand
9万5千
= ninety-five thousand
13万2千
= one hundred (and) thirty two thousand
100万はone millionと言います。
∆
142万
= one million, four hundred (and) twenty thousand
140万は、one point four million (1.4)という言い方もできます。小数点はpoint と読むので、例えば2.4のことをtwo point four、17.5のことをseventeen point fiveなどのように言います。
4242
Listening
これから、先生がいくつかの数字を英語で発音します。聞こえた数字を下記の□に書き ましょう。終わったら、What did you put for number one?やHow about number two?などの表現を使って、 パートナーと答えを確認しましょう。 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Practice
下記の□に数字を書き、書いた数字をパートナーに読みましょう。 パートナーが読ん だ数字をその下の□に記入します。 パートナーから先に始めてもらう場合は、You go first.と言い、 パートナーが数字を読み終わったら、Now it’s my turn.と言いましょう。 自分から先に読む場合は、I’ll go first.と言って始めます。
My Numbers 1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
My Partner’s Numbers
4343