FROM GRAMMAR TO WRITING

PART 1 Editing Advice

1. Don’t forget to when introducing an infinitive. to

He wants help other people. to

It’s important be a charitable person. 2. Don’t omit it when introducing a delayed infinitive. It’s

Is important for rich people to help others.

3. After want, need, and expect, use the object pronoun, not the subject pronoun, before the infinitive.

me to

My parents want that I donate money to charity. 4. Don’t use to between cost or take and the indirect object.

It costs to Leslie $5,000 to bring a girl to the U.S. from Niger.

It took to him 20 hours to finish the bike ride.

5. Use for, not to, when you give a subject to the infinitive. for

It is easy to me to ride my bike on flat land. 6. Use to + base form, not for, to show purpose. to

Carnegie worked hard for build libraries.

7. Use a gerund or an infinitive, not a base form, as a subject. Help others makes me feel good. ing OR It makes me feel good to help others.

8. Don’t confuse used to and be used to.

I am used to drive to school. Now I ride my bike.

I’ve lived in Alaska all my life and I love it. I used to live in Alaska. 9. Be careful to use the correct form after stop.

’m living

ing

The story about Dawson was so interesting. I can’t stop to think about it. 10. Use a gerund, not an infinitive, after a preposition. ing

Have you ever thought about to volunteer with children? 11. Make sure to choose a gerund after certain verbs and an infinitive after others. ing

I enjoy to help other people. to volunteer

He decided volunteering in the public library. 12. Use a base form after a sense-perception verb that shows completion.

I saw Mimi to finish her bike ride.

13. Use the base form, not the infinitive, after causative verbs let, make, and have.

Bill Gates has billionaires to sign the Giving Pledge.

PART 2 Editing Practice

Some of the shaded words and phrases have mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct them. If the shaded words are correct, write C. C to

It’s important for everyone do something for others. I often thought about to help other

people. My parents wanted that I help in their business, but I saw my parents to work too hard,

and they had very little satisfaction from it or time for our family. I decided become a nurse

instead. It took to me three years to complete the nursing program, and I’m happy I did it. First,

find a job was easy because nurses are always in demand. Second, I enjoy working with sick

people and make them to feel better. Some of my friends think is depressing to work with sick

people all day, but it’s easy for me to do it because I love helping people.

There’s one thing I don’t like about my job: I have to work nights, from 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. At

first, I couldn’t get used to sleep in the day. My kids are home on Saturday and Sunday, and when

I was trying sleeping, they sometimes wouldn’t stop to make noise. When they were younger,

they’re used to make a lot of noise, but now that they’re older, they understand. My wife made

them understand that their dad needed his sleep and she needed them be quiet in the morning.

My daughter is now thinking about become a nurse, too.

People work for make money, but it’s important for everyone finding a job that they love.

Working as a nurse has been wonderful for me. I get a lot of satisfaction helping other people.

1. 2. 3.

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6.

7. 8.

9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14.

15. 16. 17.

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29. 30.

WRITING TIP

Often it’s necessary for two or more actions to follow one of the words or phrases you studied in this unit. It’s important that these actions are all in the same form. This is called parallel structure.

He continued to earn money and help people with it.

I love running and raising money for good causes.

PART 3 Write

Read the prompts. Choose one and write one or more paragraphs about it.

1. Andrew Carnegie wrote: “It is not good to have money if your spirit is poor.” Describe what it means to have a rich spirit or a poor spirit. Give examples using people you know or have read about. 2. How does volunteering enrich the life of the volunteer?

PART 4 Edit

Reread the Summary of Unit 8 and the Editing Advice. Edit your writing from Part 3.

UNIT 9

Adverbial Clauses and Phrases Sentence Connectors So . . . That/Such . . . That

New citizens at a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) naturalization ceremony at the New York Public Library in New York City

Once I thought to write a history of the immigrants in America. Then I discovered that the immigrants were American history. OSCAR HANDLIN

COMING TO AMERICA