FROM GRAMMAR TO WRITING

PART 1 Editing Advice

1. Use to, not for, with a verb when showing purpose. to

She came to the U.S. for get a better education. 2. Don’t combine so with because, or but with even though.

Because his country was at war, so he left his country.

Even though he speaks English well, but he can’t find a job.

3. Use because of when a noun phrase follows.

of

People don’t understand me well because my accent. 4. Don’t use even without though or if to introduce a clause. thoughEven Peter misses his family, he’s happy in the U.S. 5. Use the -ing form, not the base form, after a time word if the subject is deleted. comingBefore come to the U.S., he studied English. 6. Don’t confuse so that (purpose) with so (result).

She wanted to have a better life, so that she came to the U.S.

7. After so that, use a modal before the verb. could

Farmers used slave labor so that they become rich. 8. In a future sentence, use the simple present in the if clause or time clause.

If I will go back to my hometown, I will tell my family about life in the U.S. 9. However connects two sentences. Although connects two parts of the same sentence. However, I studied English in my country. Although I didn’t understand Americans when I arrived. 10. An adverbial clause or phrase must be attached to the main clause. She went to Canada because her parents were living there.She went to Canada. Because her parents were living there.

11. Use so + adjective/adverb. Use such when you include a noun. such a It was so long and boring trip to the U.S. that I slept most of the way. OR The trip to the U.S. was so long and boring that I slept most of the way. 12. Use correct punctuation with sentence connectors. . H

She likes living here, however, she misses her family back home.

PART 2 Editing Practice

Some of the shaded words and phrases have mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct them. If the shaded words are correct, write C.

to

Life as an immigrant can be hard. I came to the U.S. five years ago for study English. I chose to

live in this city because my sister was living here. Even I had studied English in my country,

I didn’t have experience talking with native speakers. I wanted to prepare myself, therefore, I took private

lessons with an American in my country for learn American expressions. In addition, before come here, I

read a lot about life in the U.S. so that I was prepared. But I wasn’t. There were many surprises.

For example, I was surprised by how cold it is in the winter in this city. Therefore, I couldn’t believe that

some students call their teachers by their first names. Back home, we always call our teachers “Professor”

for show respect. I also miss getting together with friends after class. Now I’m at a city college, and most

students have jobs and families. As a result, everyone leaves after class. Because they want to get home

to their families. I gave my phone number to some classmates so that we get together on weekends, but

no one ever calls me. I thought I wouldn’t be lonely since I’d be with my sister and her family. But I was

wrong. Because my sister has a busy life, so she doesn’t have much time for me either.

I had so hard time when I arrived here that I wanted to go back. Even though, little by little I got used

to life here. I discovered that church is a good place to meet people, so that I joined a church. When I

will save more money, I’m going to get an apartment with one of my new friends from church. Even though

life has become easier, but I still miss my family back home.

C

1.

2. 3.

4.

5. 6. 7.

8.

9. 10.

11.

12. 13.

14.

15.

16.

17. 18. 19.

20.

21.

22.

WRITING TIP

The charts in this unit show many ways of combining ideas to make effective, well-organized points. Aim to include a selection of connectors in your writing. This will improve the focus and interest level of your work.

PART 3 Write

Read the prompts. Choose one and write one or more paragraphs about it. 1. Describe the problems or challenges immigrants or refugees can face when they arrive in the U.S. 2. Describe the challenges international students can face when they become students in the U.S.

PART 4 Edit

Reread the Summary of Unit 9 and the Editing Advice. Edit your writing from Part 3.

UNIT 10

Noun Clauses

CHILDREN

We worry about what a child will become tomorrow, yet we forget that he is someone today. STACIA TAUSCHE

Children joyfully posing for a photo in Shanti Niketan, Bengal, India