FROM GRAMMAR TO WRITING

PART 1 Editing Advice

1. Use that or nothing to introduce an included statement. Don’t use what. that

I know what she is a good driver.

2. Use statement word order in an included question. he is

I don’t know how fast is he driving.

3. We say something. We tell someone something. told

He said me that he wanted to go home. said

He told, “I want to go home.”

4. Use tell or ask, not say, to report an imperative. Follow tell and ask with an object. told

She said her parents not to worry. me

My son asked to give him the car keys. 5. Don’t use to after tell.

She told to me that she wanted to be a teacher.

6. Use if or whether to introduce an included yes/no question. Use statement word order. whether

I don’t know teenagers understand the risks while driving. if I should

I can’t decide should I let my daughter get her driver’s license. 7. Follow the rule of sequence of tenses when the main verb is in the past. would

Last year, my father said that he will teach me how to drive, but he didn’t. 8. Don’t use so before a noun clause.

I think so raising children is the best job.

9. Use an infinitive to report an imperative. to

My parents told me drive carefully. not to

My parents told me don’t text while driving.

PART 2 Editing Practice

Some of the shaded words and phrases have mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct them. If the shaded words are correct, write C.

that

When I was 14 years old, I told my parents what I wanted to work as a babysitter, but they

told me that I was too young. At that time, they told me that they will pay me $1 an hour to help

with my little brother. A few times they asked me could I watch him when they went out. They

always told me call them immediately in case of a problem. They told me don’t watch TV or text

my friends while I was working as a babysitter. They always told me that I have done a good job.

C

1.

2. 3. 4.

5.

6. 7.

8.

When I was 15, I got a few more responsibilities, like preparing small meals. They always

told that I should teach my brother about good nutrition. I asked them whether I could get more

money because I had more responsibilities, and they agreed. I asked them if I can buy something

new with my earnings. My parents said, “Of course.”

When I turned 18, I started working for my neighbors, who have three children. The neighbors

asked me had I gotten my driver’s license yet. When I said yes, they were pleased because I could

drive the kids to different places. I never realized how hard was it to take care of so many kids. As

soon as we get in the car, they ask, “Are we there yet?” They think so we should arrive immediately.

When they’re thirsty, they ask me to buy them soda, but I tell them what it is healthier to drink

water. They always tell, “In our house, we drink soda.” I don’t understand why do their parents

give them soda instead of water. I didn’t know whether to follow the rules of my house or theirs. So

I asked my parents what should I do. My parents told me not to say anything about their parents’

rules but that I should try to encourage healthy habits by example.

Little by little I’m learning how to take care of children. I hope that I will be as good a mom to

my kids as my mom has been to me.

9. 10. 11.

12.

13.

14. 15.

16.

17. 18.

19. 20. 21.

22. 23.

24.

25. 26.

27.

28.

WRITING TIP

Use exact quotes in your writing to bring life to your writing. However, using too many exact quotes can cause your own “voice” to be lost. If you need to include a lot of other people’s ideas, reported speech can help you maintain a balance between other people’s words and your own writing.

My father always said, “Lead by example.”

My father always told me to lead by example.

PART 3 Write

Read the prompts. Choose one and write one or more paragraphs about it. 1. Write about some good advice your parents gave you when you were a child. Explain what the advice was and how this has helped you. 2. Write about how a teacher or another adult helped you or encouraged you when you were a child.

PART 4 Edit

Reread the Summary of Unit 10 and the Editing Advice. Edit your writing from Part 3.

UNIT 11

Unreal Conditionals Wishes

Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known. CARL SAGAN

SCIENCE or

SCIENCE FICTION?

The three telescopes at Deimos Sky Survey, based in Spain, watch for near-Earth space objects.