Geographic Information System (GIS) & Its Importance in Ground water Survey and Electrical Resistivity Tomography Geographical data have relevance in many fields because the data are important component of technology. The entire efficiency of technology use is based on the comprehensiveness and correctness of the collected data. Many types of data are integrated in GIS which has unique capability. Spatial location is analyzed and layers of information are organized into visualizations with the help of maps and 3D visuals. The unique capacity of GIS reveals deeper insights into data that helps users to derive smarter decisions. Data management is a complete system that consists of collection, management, analyzing functions for various types of data required to run a specific technology. What is GIS A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system to capture, store, check, and display data pertaining to positions on Earth's surface. Location is the major factor in the use of GIS and it is expressed in many different ways. The users take latitude and longitude, address, or ZIP code component to express the location. The use of GIS is commonly made to capture and contrast many different types of information. This framework includes
data of population, their education level and income that are main informations about people on a certain location; Further data include information about landscape, types of soil, different types of vegetation; and Extra information of location may be collected about its roads, farms, schools, site of factories, storm drains, and electric power lines.
Advantages of using GIS technology By using GIS technology, it becomes feasible to compare the locations of different things to find their relation to each other. This information is helpful in determining degree of risks arising from polluting things such as factories on a location and to understand the effect of risk producing things on eco-
system such as rivers, wetlands, plantation, etc. of that location. The map would, thus, be able to determine the water channels at most risk. Why ground water survey is useful The importance of ground water in our life is undeniably very high. The quantum of potable surface water is not enough to fulfil all needs of water. The ground water, therefore, fills the gap created by the paucity of potable surface water. Ground water is used for many tasks that includes drinking also and it is usually not contaminated, but discharge of chemically contaminated residue water from industries straight into the underground channel contaminates ground water in larger areas. Thus, samples of ground water on a location are required to collected and analyzed to determine their utility for various purposes. This task is performed by Ground Water Survey Services that use GIS system for this purpose.
Why ERT is useful Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), also called Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI), is a geophysical technique for imaging sub-surface structures from electrical resistivity measurements made at the surface. This technique is based on the same technology used in medical imaging, except few differences. ERT is used on many places using latest technology. Electrical Resistivity Tomography in India is also very popular and is vastly used in geographical data. Conclusion Both Ground Water Survey and Electrical Resistivity Tomography services play a big role in maintaining eco-system of the land on a location.