INSIGHTS Sustainable Housing and Community Design
2008 MIT Advanced Japan Design Workshop with Sekisui House, Ltd.
WOMEN IN THE WORKPLACE
Re-imagining Demographics in Tama New Town
NEIGHBORHOOD MODEL SCHOOL YARDS
NEIGHBORHOOD G
INSIGHTS Connie Chung, Cha-ly Koh, Sustainable Housing and Community Design PRIMARAY SCHOOL
SCHOOL YARDS
CLOSED HIGH-SCHOOL
EVENING being placed as a seed of growth in Nagayama, various other land uses With the strong catalyst COMMUNITY GOVERNMENT PRIMARAY EDUCATION and development will result from the strong concentration of a strong PublicCENTER Service Hub. This CENTER SCHOOL growth will penetrate into the existing housing, transforming the current housing, retail and other land use types in the area. While the growth will be bounded and guided by the land reserve SENIOR CENTER that strategies, strong parameters are also needed to ensure strong and sustainable communities will continue to attract new residents to Nagayama. DAYCARE
LauraTheRushfeldt, following are sixErica importantWeiss rules that will guide the growth of the development in time. To Planning & Design Strategies for Tama New Town form a strong community, the built environment needs to provide the opportunities for residents OPEN LAND
MULTIto interact with each other byGARDENING sight, sound, smell, COMMUNITY taste or touch. ATHLETIC It is through this lens that the PURPOSE CENTER GARDENS CENTER following six rules were formed.
1.
OOD GROWTH PARAMETERS “Mukou San Kenn Ryou Tonari” 向こう 三 軒 両隣 (the 6-unit neighborhood circle) Building community by actively strengthening the basic units of “neighborhood” (in the Japanese definition). The circle at left is defined by the orientation of front doors or back doors of the units, generating opportunities for neighbors to interact frequently. This contrasts greatly with today’s layouts in highly compartmentalized apartment buildings.
Proximity to different land uses: 1 minute city Urban Living occurs as one lives in the city. The city becomes the home where one sleeps, eats, bathes, works and entertains. Diverse land uses are crucial to extend space consumption of the urbanite outside of his or her home. Working women, with higher purchasing power will consume more of the city and less of her home. Community Centers are then formed in ramen shops, where community residents slurp hot noodles; in community gardens, where residents grow tomatoes locally; in onsens, where old and young share stories at the baths. This shared consumption is the basis of community building.
Building a strong community: Zero age barrier Japan’s problem of a shrinking population can be defined as a reversal of the support pyramid from a greater number of young people supporting a small number of old people, to that of a fewer young people supporting more seniors. Instead, the support system can be continuous, with the old supporting the young and the young supporting the old.
Conservation of assets INFLEXIBLE BOUNDARY
Tama New Town, when it was built, was beautifully NEW “NEIGHBORHOOD” landscaped to create a comforting environment for its LAND RESERVE BOUNDARY GROWTH residents. 40 years HOUSING later, these full grown trees are at their prime. Full grown trees and greenery are strong assets to Tama New Town and should be preserved if they are healthy and valuable for the community.
~30%
4.
~70% SINGLE HOUSING TYPE
ISOLATED PUBLIC FACILITY
NEW ENVIRONMENTS
5. D I S T A N C E
6.
CURRENT MODEL
NEW MODELS HOME
HOME
PATH
PATH
STAIRS
BUILDING
HOME OFFICE
OFFICE STREET
AREA FOR NEW GROWTH
2.
To that end, considering the large number of empty parking lots and the large footprint of buildings, there should be a high percentage (70%) of brownfield versus greenfield (30%) development on these sites, where greenfield is the existing landscape in the area.
MIX-USE DEVELOPMENT
PUBLIC FACILITY HUB
Interaction across levels: human scale city
The scale of the development should be preserved at a “human scale” where the buildings do not intimidate the residents and where interaction is possible across levels. The mixed density is defined by the varying street widths, open space, and gap between buildings. The goal is toFARM recreate organic and interesting urban fabric and intimacy in traditional Japanese urban areas such as the streets of Kyoto. WORK
WORK
LIVE
CHILDCARE SCHOOL CENTER NURSING
FARM
3.
SHOP
2008 MIT Advanced Japan Design Workshop
STATION
Flexible SHOPdwelling: LIVE Home that acts your age
TRAIN
STATION
3-Dimensional Proximity Diagram
The plan attracts an influx of working women but hopes to eventually evolve to a highly mixed demographic of single working male and females, elderly, children, teenagers and even immigrants. To survive dramatic waves of demographic changes, the housing units will be designed to be flexible and easily modifiable to allow the unit to accommodate different users with different needs over time.
STREETS
BUILDING OFFICE
Strong human relationships across age groups need to be formed to realize this support system, with families needing to be close to single people and children to interact frequently with seniors. This can be established by locating different floor plans or housing types in close proximity to acheive diversity of neighbors and residents.
School of Architecture & Planning Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Sekisui House, Ltd. Osaka, Japan
Advanced Japan Design Workshop Fall 2008
© 2008 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
CONTENTS Page
1
Introduction
Page
2
Summer Fieldwork
Page
7
Summer Inquiry
Page
24
Framing the Question
Page
26
Guest Lecturers
Page
31
Individual Research
Page
38
Final Inquiry
Page
85
Insights
Page
86
Profile
Page
88
Credits
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
THE MIT ADVANCED JAPAN DESIGN WORKSHOP 2008 Insights from an inquiry into sustainablity
The work contained in this book was produced in the Fall of 2008 in the MIT Advanced Japan Design Workshop in partnership with Sekisui House, ltd. This course was taught by Dean Adele Santos, Professor Eran Ben Joseph, Professor Shun Kanda, and Professor Andrew Scott. The participating students are graduate students from the Department of Architecture and the Department of Urban Studies and Planning. “Insights from an Inquiry into Sustainability� frames the investigation for sustainable housing and commuinity design in Japan. Distilling from this broad topic a more targeted set of questions and developing parameters for sustainable development is the intent of this 5 month inquiry. The inquiry is designed in a series of investigations. First is a short charette project completed while in Japan after visiting Sekisui facilities and a number of sites and housing developments. Second is a series of expert lectures on sustainable issues. Third are individual research investigations. Fourth and finishing this inquiry are final group presentations of sustainable proposals for Tama New Town. Building from this framework will be 2 design studios: one urban planning studio and one architectural design studio. In this forthcomming investigation, these frameworks will be further developed into concrete design proposals.
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 1
SUMMER FIELDWORK
The first chapter in this investigation was completed in a three-week trip to Japan. Dean Adele Santos, professors Shun Kanda, Andrew Scott, Eran Ben Joseph, and 12 MIT graduate students traveled throughout Japan for 10 days and visited many sights in the Kyoto and Osaka region. The students then began a 10 day charrette on the case study of Tama New Town. The site was visited several times, during which observations and data were colllected. 3 design teams then made initial proposals to begin a direction of research for the next chapter of the investigation.
Site investigation in Tama New Town
of energy consumption will reduce Tama New Town’s dependency on unsustainable energies. Maintenance Areas of disrepair remain unoccupied. Areas that have been taken care of and maintaned retain occupancy and evoke a sense of vibrancy.
Left: Broken trellis Right: Green space
Accessibilty And Visibility The changes in elevation throughout Tama New Town create issues for the movement of its aging population. While some areas have been outfitted with extensive ramps, more often steep sets of stairs are used instead.
Left:Public access stairs Right: Public access ramps
Activity Level Successfully developed areas without the market to support them are unable to retain an audience. The frequency and variety of public spaces must be accounted for when replanning Tama New Town.
Left: Shopping plaza Right: Public library
User Diversity Places designed for a highly specific user group without the proximity of spaces for other groups are often inactive. A synergistic use of space allows places to appeal to many different user groups, and thus a wider and more diverse audience. Left: Children’s play area Right: Community baseball field
Pride of Place When people take an interest in their surroundings the results benefit both the individuals and the community. A lack of pride for your neighborhood can lead to the deterioration of public spaces.
Left: Community bulletin board Right: Personal home
Observations and impressions of Nagayama/Suwa Districts in Tama New TownWorkshop 2008 Advanced Japan Design INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design PAGE 3 Connie Chung MIT City Planning Cha-Ly Koh MIT City Planning
SUMMER TRAVEL
Data collected from Tama New Town
2. TOWNHOUSE (DUPLEX)
1. DETACHED
33 units / ha .30 .61
Townhouse/Maisonette
Density: 70 units/ ha Density: 70 units / ha Site coverage: .26 Site Coverage: .26 F.A.R.: .78 FAR: .78
light industry light industry communitycommunity resource resource day care day care/pre-school/kindergarten
office office
public public schoolschool
mixed use retail mixed use/complex retail
university univerisity
heavy industry heavy industry
health facility health facilities
Density: Site Coverage: F.A.R.:
Walk-up (new)
56 units / ha .28 .57
4. WALKUP (NEW)
2. TOWNHOUSE (DUPLEX)
Density: 56 Density: units/ ha56 units / ha Site Coverage: .28 Site coverage: .28 F.A.R.: .57 FAR: .57
Density: Site Coverage: F.A.R.:
retail/residential retail attached to residence convenienceconvenience retail retail big big boxbox retail retail
closed closed facilityfacility
6. HIGHRISE
TOWNHOUSE (MAISONETTE)
Density: 33 units/ ha33 units / ha Density: Site Coverage: .30 Site coverage: .3 .61 F.A.R.: FAR: .61 Housing Density Samples
Townhouse/Duplex
4. WALKUP (NEW)
Detached Housing: 1. DETACHED
HOUSING DENSITY SAMPLES
July 2008
HOUSING DENSITY SAMPLES
Advanced Japan Design Workshop
Public Facilities Map
3. TOWNHOUSE (MAISONETTE)
Nagayama/Suwa Land use map
Commercial, Industrial, and Community Facilities
5. WALKUP (OLD)
facilities FACILITIES GREEN SPACEspace green HOUSING housing
Density: 61 units/ ha 61 units / ha Site Density: coverage: .20 Site Coverage: .20 FAR:F.A.R.: .78 .78
2. TOWNHOUSE (DUPLEX)
1. DETACHED
33 units / ha .30 .61
Tokyo Metro Monthly Solar Radiation
parking lot Parking Lot highway Highways 56 units / ha main streetDensity: Main Streets Site Coverage: Neighborhood Streets neighborhood street .28 F.A.R.: .57 Sidewalks sidewalk Paths path Staircase stairecase Pedestrian Bridge pedestrian bridge Most Accessible most accessible Accessible accessible Least Accessible least accessible
3. TOWNHOUSE (MAISONETTE)
4. WALKUP (NEW)
Density: Site Coverage: F.A.R.:
200 m m 200
Circulation and Access Map
Walk-up (old)
70 units / ha .26 .78
Density: 120 units/120ha Density: units / ha Site Coverage: .19.19 Site coverage: F.A.R.: .94 FAR: .94
High-rise
Density: Site Coverage: F.A.R.:
61 units / ha .20 .78
Average Winds Speed (m/sec)
6. HIGHRISE
Density: Site Coverage: F.A.R.:
5. WALKUP (OLD)
HOUSING DENSITY SAMPLES
Tokyo Metro Monthly Cloud Cover
Density: 138Density: units/ ha 138 units / ha Site Coverage: .09 Site coverage: .09 F.A.R.: .75 FAR: .75
Average Humidity (%)
Advanced Japan Design Workshop July 2008
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 5
SUMMER INQUIRY Major themes
Four initial proposals emerged from the summer investigation of Tama New Town: 3 MIT student teams and 1 from the Sekisui staff accompanying the research team. While they are not completed or throuough, the investigations have a certain immediacy to them since they were completed in the place while visiting the site for the first time. In this sense, these proposals are intended to capture initial impressions of the place. From this initial snapshot emerged ten central themes that serve as a valuable guide subsequent investigations: 1. Carbon neutrality/ zero-carbon: developing Tama New Town for a sustainable future requires understanding current trends in energy use and carbon output, as well as finding ways to reduce carbon output in future development. 2. Environmental regeneration: Initial development in Tama New Town ignored natural topography and water systems. Can some of Tama be regenerated as nature? 3. Local resource management: Increacing self-sufficiency within Tama new town locally and regionally, in terms of food production, energy production, waste management, and jobs and labor resources. 4. Energy generation: what types of energy can be generated in Tama New Town? 5. Flexibility of built space: designing buildings and communities that are flexible for different uses and different population groups. 6. Infrastructure and transit: one of Tama’s greatest assets is its connection to the rail lines of Tokyo. Additional transit strategies can be implemented within the area at a smaller scale. 7. Mobility for aging population: Mobility and universal access for elderly and handicapped populations is a major issue in Tama New Town and must be addressed. 8. Community identity and social sustainability: Creating a sense of community and relationship between neighbors in new development. 9. Demographic diversity: Tama New Town has a shrinking and aging population. Strategies to attract other demographic groups and adapt to fluctuating populations must be considered. 10. Shared and overlapping ownership of resources: Finding new and creative strategies to share resources and take care of open spaces within Tama New Town.
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 7
energy, - can combine in order to enerate and user water satisfaction. SUMMER INQUIRY generate user satisfaction. Team one: Finding Synergy
UserConnie satisfaction thus dependent upon Chung, Chaly Koh,is Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss User satisfaction is thus dependent upon chieving the optimal combination of these esources. The is oneof in these achieving the Synergy optimal scenario combination which the value user satisfaction esources. TheofSynergy scenarioexceeds is one in he value the discrete inputted which theofvalue of userresources satisfaction exceeds nhe order to achieve user satisfaction. value of the discrete resources inputted
The Meta-idea of Synergy is the basic premise that different resources--human/labor, natural assets, earth/minerals, energy, and water--can combine in order to generate user satisfaction. User satisfaction is thus dependant upon ahcieving the optimal combination of these resources. When discreet sets of resources are required for ach user group, resources are underutilized. Synergy is created when user satisfaction from the combination and sharing of resources is greater than when used by each user-group seperately. After making observations about Tama New town and relating them to our meta idea, we set the following goals: 1. Increased awareness and transparency of systems; 2. Self-sufficient energy production; 3. Maximizing outputs of assets; and 4. Ability to fluctuate between networked and independent resources.
n order to achieve user satisfaction. human/labor
natural assets
user satisfaction
water
energy
earth/minerals
Meta Idea. The Meta Ide basic premis human/labor energy, and generate use
User satisfac achieving th resources. T which the va the value of in order to a
Correct balance of resources generates user satisfaction
Conceptual Framework: Current Versus Ideal Distribution of Resources. The four left-hand diagrams represent the discrete sets of resources that are required for each user group (children, singles, families, elderly) at different stages of life. Synergy is created when, as in the right-hand diagram, user satisfaction from the combination of resources for all user groups is greater than simply the sum of their individual effects.
Separate resources for each user group
Layering Theory. A further representation of Synergy is th Sharing and overlapping resources for all user the built environment - whether infrastru groups creates synergy - can be broken down into its parts, and other. The various elements can be reuse environment becomes a ‘kit’ of parts ava
Tama New Town Principle: Flexibility
Principle: Flexibility
Flexibility means adapting to changing needs over space and time. It includes decentralized infrastructure, mixed density, and use + program overlaps. This strategy gives us 1) space reserves (for urban agriculture, water retention or other uses; 2) increased life-cycle of built environment; 3) ease of access; and 4) opportunities for place making, spatial identity, and a sense of ownership. Precedents: Precedents and Case Studies: media 1) The Digital Media Street (Seoul) a highly adaptive 1) Digital street, Seoul, I.T. creates for flexibility; 2-3) and Naresponsive environment; 2-3)The Nagakin Capsule Tower (Tokyo, Kurokawa) conceptually allows
gakin Tower, Tokyo, unites toCapsule be re-arranged for changing needs.conceptually allows re-arrangement
Schematic Application: Existing spatial models are stiff andin inflTama exible. With this Town model, spaces Schematic applications: flexible spaces New that can re-arrange, grow, and shrink to fit changing demands over time. Here, a playground and can change and shape over time wheelchair ramp canuse bot be asdded to a public space by reconfiguring their borders.
Abstract concept diagram: Flexibility concept diagram: Flexibility
Principle: Conservation
Principle: Conservation Conservation means reusing and reallocating existing assets. It includes life cycle energy, infrastructure, natural resources, human resources, and the concept of program layering. This strategy gives us 1) efficient resource use; and 2) adaptive reuse. Caption Here (if used)
Abstract concept diagram: Conservation concept diagram: Conservation
Precedents: 1,2)Studies: Promenade Plantee, infrastructure Precedents and Case 1-2) Promenade Plantée Paris, (Paris) isconserves an elevated railway line converted into a linear park, with commercial space filling in the infrastructure; 3) Namba Parks 3) Namba Parks, Osaka, conserves space (Osaka) incorporates office tower, mall, and levels of green gardens sectionally to conserve space.
Schematic applications: preserving natural assets Tama New Schematic Application: Tama New Town is rich with natural assets as theirin built assets are crumbling. Here, these valuable assets are preserved and incorporated into new development. town and incorporating into new development.
Principle: Generation
Principle: Generation
Generation means grouping and repurposing resources. It includes infrastructural energy generation, sustainable energy production, and community growth. This strategy gives us 1) energy and resource gains; 2) a catalyst for further growth and development; and 3) a sense of community–the humanistic experience. Precedents: 1,2)Studies: Urban1)Farm, Tama New District, Town,Tama community benefit; Precedents and Case Urban Farm (Hijiri-Gaoka New Town) uses open space for community benefi t; 2) Linked Hybrid (Beijing, Stephen Holl is a mixedKyoto, use 2)Linked Hybrid, Beijing, generates energy; 3) Architects), Gion Festival, residential complex generating geothermal energy; 3) Gion Festival (Kyoto) generates identity and generates identity and active community an active community.
Abstract concept diagram: Generation
concept diagram: Generation
Schematic Application: Currently, Tama New Town is of exporting all laborNew resources to Schematic applications: generation jobsnearly in Tama Town Tokyo. If new jobs are created within Tama New Town, an active exchange between Tokyo and creates newwillbalance Tama New Town benefit both with cities. Tokyo Center
INSIGHTS: sustainable housingDesign and community design 2008PAGE 9 Advanced Japan Workshop Connie Chung
MIT
City Planning
Team one: Finding Synergy
New models of zoning and proximity of uses
Changing allocation of resources over time
The urban fabric of Tama New Town is inflexible because the physical converson of any area would rquire a large amount of time, monetary and social coast as demographics, transporattion needs, work and living behavor changes. A more diverse configuration provides more opportunities for flexibility, conservation and genearation in Tama New Town. Over time, as needs change, spatial relationships can reconfigure over time. This creates opportunities for people toreconfigure their environment to their needs, and therefore xtend their sense of ownership to the public space.
Mixing and overlapping of programs and resources ENERGY - SOLAR GENERATION
INFRASTRUCTURE
TRANSIT- RAIL
BUILDING COMMERCIAL - RETAIL
OPEN SPACE RECREATION - PATH
Spatial example Investigation of overlaping and layering resources provides a physical example. A matrix demonstrates all possible overlaps between land uses, in terms of buildings, open space, and infrastructure. The layering strategy allows for flexibility, conservation and generation by creating several uses in the same physical area. The overlappin of these programs create a vibrant community feel and urban identity. The intervention conserves land and resources while generating social opportunities. INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 11
undeve space infil infrastruc paths,
Team two: TAMA a new identity Chris Guignon, Sarah Snider, Deborah Morris
Tama: A
Asset: Undeveloped or Under-utilized space
Asset: Existing Infrastructure
Nagayama and Suwa districts are able to absorb more development.
Nagayama and Suwa districts are able to absorb more development.
Tama New Town did not meet or sustain its population projections. The aging population and slowing birth rates in Japan have tipped the demographics out of balance in Tama New Town, with many more “Supported” and “Semi-supported” residents.
Fir
Changing Population
Tama: A New Identity A Changing Work Force
Shrinking population = Shrinking traditional workforce. Shrinking population = Shrinking traditional workforce Background
Environmental Issues and Future Planning EnvironmentalExcessive sustainability Shortcoming: Open Space
Shortcoming: Not Fully Accessible
is our ultimate goal for Tama New Town and Tama City.
The undefined and unprogrammed open space is underutilized.
Topography and walk-up buildings are inaccessisble.
However, it is impossible to a create a sustainable community without a vibrant and diverse community.
At present, each person in Japan requires 5.94 hectares of land to support the average Japanese lifestyle. Based on this, the area of Nagayama and Suwa (254.6 ha) could support 42 people.
Japanese lifestyle requires 5.94 hectares of land to support each resident. Area of Nagama and Suwa (354.6 ha) could support 42 people. Asset: Proximity
55 million
Diverse work force
As the traditional work force shrinks, new live-work centers with support options will encourage a new diverse work force. As the traditional work force shrinks, new live-work Analysis centers with support options will encourage a new divers work force. Assets
Transit Oriented Development Tama New Town’s existing assets
Asset: Natural Resources
include: its close to The buildings and proximity surrounding landscapes lack regular maintenance.
There are many natural landscapes in
Supported Lifestyle Group: 0-5 yrs and assisted elderly
Tokyo, abundant natural resources and open space, the existence of undeveloped or underdeveloped spaces that are appropriate for infill, and the strong existing infrastructure of roads, pedestrian paths, and public transportation options.
Professionals Lifestyle Group: young professionals and empty-nesters
Asset: Undeveloped or Under-utilized space
Asset: Existing Infrastructure
Nagayama and Suwa districts are able to absorb more development.
Nagayama and Suwa districts are able to absorb more development.
Shortcomings
Semi-Supported Lifestyle Group: 5-24 yrs and active elderly
Family Lifestyle Despite the assets, there are many shortcomings. There are Group: limited housing typologies, often supports the original design is not new or changing Existing adaptable transittostation: the current station internalizes groups 1 andlifestyles, 2 there is undefined and Current Demographic Trend in Tama NT
Shortcoming: Not Fully Accessible
Shortcoming: Excessive Open Space
Topography and walk-up buildings are inaccessisble.
The undefined and unprogrammed open space is underutilized.
Demographics
adap lifestyle exces n the orig mee
Shortcoming: Poor maintenance
Shortcoming: Homogeneity There is a lack of housing typologies. Nagayama Station is just 30 minutes by train from Tokyo
67 million
Des many lim
its assets, minimizing itsit isinfluence on the area excessive open space, and not accessible to all users. the original development did not meet or sustain its population projections
D
Tama N sustain i The agin birth r the dem in Tam more
Maximize Lifestyle Analysis
Resource Utilization
Rigidity + Imbalance (existing conditions)
Existing Conditions USE
7:00 - 17:00
SCHOOL
SCHOOL FIELDS
used by children
used by children
time
Improving the physical conditions of Tama time requires strategies that set the foundation for Flexibility ensures functionality despite unforeseen changes in in population and suitable for a variety of lifestyles, while remain PARKS/ lifestyle groups COMMUNITY RESIDENCES adaptable to the needs of fluctuating demograp PUBLIC CENTER Balance FIELDS flexiblity, adaptable multi-user public spaces, governance structures all promote physical use by elderly use by elderly use by elderly + young family + young family + young family participation and neighborhood stability.
Tama New Town was designed with the short term vision Tama New Town was designed with the short term vision of rapid growth. of rapid growth. 17:00 -20:00
Flexibility
20:00 -24:00
partial use by staff
vacant
partial use by children
use by children
vacant
use by elderly + young family
use by elderly + young family
Maximize Resource Ut
time attracting lifestyle groups over time revacant Consistantly fully used fullydiverse used by residents Consistantly attracting diverse lifestyle groups over time will reduce the will effects of population decline of andpopulation make Tama a vibrant city. duce the effects decline and make Tama New Existing Conditions Town a vibrant city.
Governance
Currently community resources allow only for use by a single user and have lengthy vacancies throughout the day. USE time
Flexibility ensures functionality despite unforsee changes in and Flexibility ensures functionality despite unforeseen changes in in population lifestyle groups population and lifestyle groups.
Multi-purpose/Multi-user Communnuity Assets USE
7:00 - 17:00
used by children
time
+ young family
fully used by residents
use by elderly + young family
use by elder + young fam
7:00 - 17:00
used by children
17:00 -20:00
use by children partial by staff unitsuse does extendpartial beyond use bythe unit’s children boundaries.
20:00 -24:00
vacant
vacant
vacant
use by elder + young fam
fully used
vacancies throughout the day.
Extended Property Lines
use by children+elderly + young family
Granting tenant control over use by live/work employees, elderly immediately adjacent open space + young family
creates a sense of individual Multi-purpose/Multi-user Communnuity Asset accountablity and responsiblity for the care of area open spaces.
use by live/work employees, elderly SCHOOL AND + young family USE COMMUNITY CENTER
+ young family
Governance 20:00 -24:00
RESIDENC
RESIDENCES Currently community resources allow only for use by a single user and
SHARED FIELDS
Consistantly attracting diverse lifestyle groups over time will reduce the effects of population decline and make a vibrant city. use Tama by elderly use by children+elderly
17:00 -20:00
Existing Conditions used by children
PARKS/ PUBLIC FIELDS
Management of individual residential
Balance
SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY CENTER
SCHOOL FIELDS
SCHOOL
7:00 - 17:00
fully used
fully used by residents
Existing Conditions
17:00 -20:00
used by children
SHARED FIELDS
use by children+elderly + young family
use +y
use by children+elderly
use +y
Tenants Associations (small co-op use by elderly + young family
+ young family Small associations of neighboring
tenants can create coordinated Currently community resourcesManagement allow onlyofallow use24/7 by a use single suer and have lengthy vacancies throughindividual Combining uses and condensing spaces allows residential of community assets and eliminates management and responsbility for units does extend beyond the unit’s out the day. Combining usese and condesngin spaces allows 24/7 use of community assets and eliminates fully used by residents shared spaces. 20:00 -24:00 fully used by residents unnecassary vacancies and redundencies. boundaries. unnecessary vacanies and redundancies.
Combining uses and condensing spaces allows 24/7 use of communit unnecassary vacancies and redundencies.
Flexibility
Improving the physical conditions of Tama for the future requires straegies that set the foundation for an environemtn Extended Property Lines for a variety of lifestyles, while remaining flexible and adaptable to meet the needs of fluctuatingBlock demographics. Associations (large co-ops) Structural flexcibility, adaptable multi-user public spaces, and cooperative governance structures all promote physiGranting tenant control over Larger associations of neighboring immediately adjacent open space cal conditions for participation and neighborhood stability. tenants facilitates group management
Adaptable Spaces
creates a sense of individual accountablity and responsiblity for the care of area open spaces.
of shared open spaces (such as paths and small parks) and allows for adaptablity as the block changes over time.
Adaptable Spaces
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
Tenants Associations (small co-ops)
F
PAGE 13
-ops)
ps)
unnecassary vaca
Balance Improving the physical conditions of Tama for the future requires strategies that set the foundation for an environment suitable for a variety of lifestyles, while remaining flexible and adaptable to the needs of fluctuating demographics. Structural flexiblity, adaptable multi-user public spaces, and cooperative time Flexibility ensures functionality despite unforeseen changes in in population and governance structures all promote physical conditions for lifestyle groups participation and neighborhood stability. time Balance Consistantly attracting diverse lifestyle groups over time will reduce the effects
Team two: TAMA a new identity
17:00 -20:00
partial use by staff
Existing Conditions
Existing Conditions
management of individual residential units does extend not extend beyond the unit’s boundaries
SCHOOL units does extend beyond the unit’s COMMUNITY SCHOOL USE RESIDENCES PUBLIC Consistantly attracting diverse lifestyle groups over time will reduce the effects FIELDS boundaries. CENTER FIELDS of population decline and make Tama a vibrant city. 7:00 - 17:00
used by children
17:00 -20:00
partial use by staff
used by children
Governance
partial use by children
use by elderly + young family
use by elderly + young family
use by elderly + young family
use by children
use by elderly + young family
use by elderly + young family
Extended Property Lines Existing Conditions
Granting tenant control over Granting tenant control Management of individual residential over immediately adjacent openthe space units does extend beyond unit’s creates a sense of individual adjacent open boundaries. Currently community resources allow onlyimmediately for use by a single user and have lengthy accountablity and responsiblity for the vacancies throughout the day. space creates a sense if indicare of area open spaces. vidual responsibility for care of open spaces. 20:00 -24:00
vacant
vacant
vacant
fully used
fully used by residents
7:00 - 17:00
used by children
vacant
COMMUNITY CENTER
7:00 - 17:00
used by children
17:00 -20:00
use by elderly + young family
20:00 -24:00
fully used by residents
SHARED FIELDS Granting tenant control over RESIDENCES immediately adjacent open space Small associations of neighboring createscan a sense of coordinated individual tenants create accountablity andresponsbility responsiblity for the management and for use by children+elderly use by live/work employees, elderly carefamily ofspaces. area open spaces. +shared young + young family
Small associations of neighboring tenants can create coordinated management and responsibility for shared spaces. use by children+elderly + young family
USE 20:00 -24:00
used by children
SCHOOL AND vacant COMMUNITY CENTER
Adaptable Spaces
fully used by residents
use by elderly + young family
use by elderly + young family
use by elderly + young family
Flexibility
Block Associations (large co-ops)
use by elderly + young family
SHARED vacant
FIELDS vacant
fully used
RESIDENCES fully used by residents
use by elderly + young family
use by children+elderly + young family
use by live/work employees, elderly + young family
Building can have fle of units.
Multi-purpose/Multi-user Communnuity Assets 20:00 -24:00
fully used by residents
fully used
fully used by residents
Block Associations (large co-ops)
SCHOOL AND RESIDENCES SHARED FIELDS USE COMMUNITY CENTER Combining uses and condensing spaces allows 24/7 use of community assets and eliminates unnecassary vacancies and redundencies. Larger associations of neighboring use by children+elderly use by live/work employees, elderly used by children 7:00 - 17:00 tenants facilitates group management + young family + young family of shared open spaces (such as paths and small parks) and allows for use by elderly use by children+elderly use by live/work adaptablity as the block changes over employees, elderly 17:00 -20:00 + young family + young family + young family time.
20:00 -24:00
fully used by residents
fully used by residents
fully used
Adaptable Spaces Combining uses and condensing spaces allows 24/7 use of community assets and eliminates unnecassary vacancies and redundencies. Neighborhood Cooperatives
Adaptable Spaces
Neighborhood associations allow Neighborhood associations allow residents to manage large community resources (parks, schools, community Flexibility residents to manage large comcenters) and adapt these resources as the neighborhood, and its needs, munity resources (parks, schools, change. community centers) and adapt these resources as the neighborhood needs change.
Building can have flexible interiors that allow for the contraction and expansion of units.
Design for Disassembly
Building can have flexible interiors that allow for the contraction and expansion of units.
Design for Disassembly
Larger associations of neighboring
Engineering buildings that can be reconfigured or disassembled while preserving the quality of the materials so they can be recycled or reused would allow neighborhoods to easily adapt to lifestyle shifts.
Neighborhood Cooperatives Building can have flexible interiors that allow for the contraction and expansion of units. Neighborhood associations allow residents to manage large community resources (parks, schools, community centers) and adapt these resources as the neighborhood, and its needs, change.
Buildings can have flexible interiors that allow for the Design for Disassembly contraction and expansion of units.
Design for Di
larger associations of neighboring tenants faciltates group management of shared open space and Flexibility allows for adaptability as block changes over time
Neighborhood Cooperatives tenants facilitates group management of shared open spaces (such as paths and small parks) and allows for Neighborhood allow over adaptablity asassociations the block changes residents to manage large community time. resources (parks, schools, community centers) and adapt these resources as the neighborhood, and its needs, change.
Adaptable Spa
Tenants Associations (small co-ops)
fully used by residents
Combining uses and condensing spaces allows 24/7 use of community assets and eliminates unnecassary vacancies and redundencies. tenants can create coordinated management and responsbility for Larger associations of neighboring shared facilitates spaces. tenants group management of shared open spaces (such as paths and small parks) and allows for adaptablity as the block changes over time.
Flexibility
fully used
Small associations of neighboring tenants can create coordinated Currently community resources allow only for use by aand single user and have lengthy management responsbility forlive/work use by children+elderly use by employees, elderly used by children 7:00 - 17:00 vacancies throughout the day. + young family + young family shared spaces.
use by live/work employees, elderly + young family
used Tenants Associationsfully(small co-ops) Block Associations (large co-ops) Small associations of neighboring
vacant
by elderly use by children use Assets partial use by staff partialCommunnuity use by Multi-purpose/Multi-user 17:00 -20:00 + young family children
Multi-purpose/Multi-user Communnuity Assets Extended Property Lines Tenants Associations (small co-ops) SCHOOL AND USE
use by elderly + young family
Granting tenant control over immediately adjacent open space PARKS/ SCHOOL SCHOOL Currently resources allow only for use by a of single user and haveCOMMUNITY lengthy USE community RESIDENCES creates a sense individual PUBLIC FIELDS CENTER vacancies throughout the day. FIELDS accountablity and responsiblity for the care of area open spaces.
17:00 -20:00
of individual residential timeManagement PARKS/
use by elderly + young family
Extended Property Lines
Existing Conditions vacant 20:00 -24:00
of population decline and make Tama a vibrant city.
Governance Maximize Resource Utilization Governance
use by children
partial use by children
Engineering buildings that can be reconfigured or disassembled while preserving Engineering buildings that be reconfigured or disassemthe quality of the materials so they can becan recycled or reused would allow neighborhoods to easily adapt to lifestyle shifts. bled while preserving the quality of the materials so they can be recycled or reused would allow neighborhoods to easily adapt to lifestyle shifts.
Engineering building the quality of the m neighborhoods to ea
Transit Oriented Development
Existing transit station: the current station internalizes its assets, minimizing its influence on the area 3.
1. 4.
Vibrant transit station: mixed use development within Tama: A New Identity Vibrant transit station: mixed use development within walking distance of the station willwalking re-energize and will re-energize and distance of the station Vision Precedents reorganize the taking advantage First Phase Development Proposal of its assets. reorganize the station, taking advantage ofstation, its assets.
Existing transit station: the current station internalizes its assets, minimizing its influence on the area Existing transit station A Changing Work Force
Shrinking population = Shrinking traditional workforce 0-10 yrs
Proposal for “Nagayama Core”
0-10 yrs 67 million
55 million
Diverse work force
As the traditional work force shrinks, new live-work centers with support options will encourage a new diverse work force.
Transit Oriented Development 5-15 yrstransit station: mixed use development within Vibrant walking distance of the station will re-energize and reorganize the station, taking advantage of its assets.
Transit oriented development can be carried out in planned phases, allowing for a steady growth of unique vibrant 2.designed districts within walking distance of a rapidtransit system.
Transit oriented development can be 1. carried out in planned phases, allowing for a steady growth of unique vibrant Lively transit hub. districts designed 3. within walking distance of a rapidtransit system. 5-15 yrs
1.
2.
10-20 yrs
3.
3.
Existing Ass
Green sp
Phased TOD in Nagayama/Suwa 4.
4.
Transit oriented development can be Existing transit station: the current station internalizes carried out in planned its assets, minimizing its influence on the area phases, allowing 10-20 yrs for a steady growth 5-15 yrs Traficked pedestrian path. Unutilized of unique vibrant districts designed Existing Assets Phasing of development Proposal for “Nagayama Core” within walking Phased TOD in Nagayama/Suwa distance of a rapid1. 2. 10-20existing yrs The transit station internalizes its asseets, minimizing its influence on the area. Precedent studies reveal that transit system. Advanced Japan Design Workshop 20 mixed use development within walking distance of the station will re-energize and reogranize the station, taking advantage of assets. Transit oriented development can be carried out in planned phases, allowing for a steady Christopher Guignon MIT grwoth Architecture Vibrant transit station: mixed use development within TOD vibrant in Nagayama/Suwa ofPhased unique disctrictswalking designed within walking distance of a rapid transitLively system. Deborah Morris City Pla distance of the station will re-energize and transit hub. Green spaces. MIT reorganize the station, taking advantage of its assets. ning MIT Ci 3.Sarah Snider 4. Transit oriented Planning PAGE 15 INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design 0-10 yrs
Proposal for “Nagayama Core”
0-10 yrs
development can be carried out in planned phases, allowing
Adv
Chris Debo ning Sara Plann
Team three: A Zero Carbon Community
Catherine Duffey, Mary Hale, Jesse Hunting, Alice Rosenberg
Predictions of the future and climate change give insight into the needs of Tama New Town. The roles of cities and their surroundings, climate and environment, energy generation and natural resources, lifestyle habitats and living structure are all integral components. Based of this and impressions of Tama new town, the issues that need to be addressed are the following: income and age demorgraphics, debt and budget, and unbalanced resource/energy inputs and outputs.
Predictions of future and climate change
Resource/energy inputs and outputs
Waste Management
-99% waste diverted from landfills -use bilogical wasteas fertilizer -Incinerate waste to provide additional source of energy -recycle as much as possible
Water Management
SAMSP “Self Sufficient and Carbon Neutral” -Island off of Denmark -Local initiative with help from government
DONTGTAN “The World’s first Eco-City” Near Shanghai, China ARUP, 2006
-Population: 4,800 -Land area: 80,000 HA -Total Cost $135 Milion
Population 50,000 Land area 100-3,000 HA Total Cost N/A
-recycle 80% of water consumed -reduce consumption through efficiency and lifestyle
Energy Efficiency
-minimum standards for all buildings -encourage lifestyle changes regarding consumption =provide ample enducation and information for community
Project Thesis: Striving toward a Zero Carbon redevelopment, by applying principles from current research and models to an existing bedroom community of Tokyo.
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Team three: A Zero Carbon Community
-concentrate residential development around the transportation node -sufficient access to transportation, mixed-use, entertainment venues, etc. -Buildings produce enenrgy and use ariable land for food -higher and more taxable property values
-Reuse existing circulation infrastructure to organize the location of expandable town centers. -Use town squares to create a place for community -Flexible land used for agriculture and production of energy
Study in extreme scenarios
-reduce population size and increase the amount of land per person -potential for whole families to live by themselves and live off the land -allow nature to control and determine landscape over time
-Adapting old buildings and reusing them for new uses. Reusing green spaces for agricultural purposes -integration of uses and a restructuring of space to create a mix of ages, incomes, and building typologies -through the production of energy and reuse of buildings. Encourages more pedestrian activity.
-Net zero buildings that produce at minimum 100% of the energy they use. Preservin outlying land for agriculture and local energy production -create a community of high income earners, encouraging an ecological lifestyle through ownership of ecological ideals and initiatives.
1. Identify major transporation infrastructure
2. Identify demo zones
5. high density housing in train walking 6. Locate industry on roadway. Centers for lower density “settlements” distance. Begin infrastructure spine.
3. Position retail around transportation nodes
4. Identify 1K walking radius
7. As housing begins to spread, the service/retail spine grows to meet needs.
8. Growth continues...
9. ...and continues...
10. ...and continues...
11. ...and continues...
12. ...this expansion may reverse if population declines.
13. This may continue...
14. ...and continue...
15. ...and continue...
16. ...indefinitely
Timelapse development of Composite Scheme: A dense “spine” to provide amenities as well as guide and limit growth to prevent sprawl. INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
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Restructuring Tama NT
Seksui team:
Towards Zero Kaori Negative Kenta Konishi, Makoto Ochiai, Miura Environmental Impact The problem of Japan and feasibility of Tama
In 2050,fossil fuels will be empty from the Earth. Oil : 40.6years left Natural gas : 65.1years left Coal : 155years left Uranium : 85years left
In Japan the degree of self sufficiency in energy is only 4%. 1970
SELF SUFFICIENCY PROBLEM
Lunch and dinner will be like this without import
2002
Case Study : HAMMARBY SJOSTAD A new district on the waterfront in the centre of Stockholm. The city has imposed tough environmental requirements on buildings, infrastructural solutions and the traffic environment. The number of population planned and the area is nearly the same size of Suwa / Nagayama district.
Aging society Aging pop.
Social mix social mix Eco friendly plan
Non eco friendly plan
non eco-
eco-friendly
Superannuated old bldgs. buildings
building flexible
Flexible
Car society Car society
compact city community Community use use Compact
Unused open Unused open space space
The method of problems and solutions
Hammarby Sjostad public space
Suwa / Nagayama
Hammarby Sjostad
27,500people
25,000people
255ha
200ha
Problems Listed on the left are the problems in Tama now. To make it sustainable community, the solutions could be on the right side. But everything changes in 2050. We have to backcast the problem.
Summary To make a sustainable community, we have to change the usage of lands. Small streets on red could be an new transit system that meets peoples demand. Zip car could reduce the amount of car in use. And not well used facilities, it could be used as a community kitchen, or farm educational place with farm converted land next to it. And making a renewable energy plant on unused hill, they could reduce the energy source from outside the city. By sharing the community could change the Tama. There is big potential in this area.
Eco cycle of Hammarby Sjostad
TAMA AND SUWA / NAGAYAMA Comparing the Suwa/Nagayama to Hammarby Sjostad, the method for the sustainable community is totally different. Including the use of land, transportation system, usage of renewable energy resource. But looking at the master plan, there is possibility of Tama being a sustainable community. Renovating old building, using the open space more efficient, turning the road space to another use including solar panels, bio fuel plant, or a farm. 1971, Tama new town was made, and in 2001 Hammarby was made. Then next, what we could do in Tokyo 2050? 1971 2001
Sustainable method
2050
In Japan, not only energy self sufficiency, food is a problem too. The degree of self sufficiency in food is decreasing from 60% in 1970 to 40% in 2002. From this rate we have to do something to prevent from decreasing. If something happens and the import of food has stopped, our meals will be like that in the pictures below. We should think of the food problem through Tama new town also.
Sustainable method Sharing eco car, transit system, common farm, bicycle transportation
Advanced Japan Design Workshop 2008 Comparison of Suwa / Nagayama district and Hammarby Shjostad in same scale. As the same, comparison of methods for sustainable community.
Kenta Konishi Makoto Ochiai Kaori Miura
Sekisui House Ltd. Sekisui House Ltd. Sekisui House Ltd.
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Issues emphasized by the Sekisui team included: advancing towards Zero negative environmental impact, the demographic problems of Japan and feasibility of Tama, balanced population society, creating a flexible city to stabilze the generation balance, and the flexible use of existing building stock.
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FRAMING THE QUESTION
In this body of research, Massachusettes Institute of Technology (MIT) had partnered with Sekisui House, Ltd. to investigate strategies of sustainable housing and community design in Japan. A problem faced by designers when attempting to address sustainability is the question of scope. Just as one book cannot address every area of knowledge, neither can an architectural or urban design address every sustainable issue at every scale. Because of this, the task of selecting--out of a wealth of knowledge--specific sustainable strategies pertinent to a design can be daunting. By clearly defining and stating both the question and the parameters of the investigation, distilling down to the core principles of an inquiry into sustainability. An important first task in defining the parameters of this inquiry was the selection of a site. By investigating a specific case study, that of Nagayama/Suwa Districts in Tama New Town, reserach could be focused on concrete and spatial example and yet still be applicable to the larger Japanese society. The summer investigations clearly illustrated this. By establishing a specific site that is representative of demographics in Japan as a whole, the students could much more quickly observe and understand the issues by visiting and observing the site and its residents. From this more immediate understanding, overall themes and several specific goals were more directly responsive and closely tied to the context. The second step, to further refine the parameters of inquiry, was the selection of a series of speakers to join the discussion and share their specific expertise in sustainability. The 5 speakers addressed sustainability with differing approaches and intents. Along with gaining knowledge from numerous viewpoints, discussing the investigation of Tama New Town and its specific issues gave new perspective and insights each week.
2010 : existing conditions
Parallel with this series of lecturers, the MIT students engaged in independant research on a topic that had emerged thus far in the investigation. Presented in the form of a paper and presentation, this resesarch provided more detailed information in numerous interest areas related to sustainability in Japanese society. From this series of steps, the parameters for the inquiry were set and much of the necessiary knowledge gained to define sustainable strategies for the design and regeneration of Tama New Town. Four group proposals were the result of the final inqury. The strategies contained in the final inquiry are not applicable only to Tama New Town; many could become regional or even national strategies.
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GUEST SPEAKERS Week 1: Sarah James The Eco-municipality Approach for Sustainable Community Change The Eco-municiplaity approach for sustainable community change combats two global trends: that of deteriorating living systems and increacing population & consumption. It originated in sweeden, where 75% of municipalities use this apporach. The framework is from “The Natural Step framework for sustainability”, which has 4 objectives and is avaliable at <www.planning.org/policyguides/sustainability.htm>. 1. Use apporaches that reduce dependence on fossil fuels, underground metals, and minerals. example: Falkenberg’s solar and wind power. 2. Use approaches that reduce dependence on synthetic chemicals and other unnatural substances. example: Eskilatuna’s ‘non-toxic’ school 3. Use approaches that reduce encroachment upon nature. example: GreenZone Eco-Business Park in Umeo, Northern Sweeden 4. Use approaches that meet needs fairly and efficently. example: U.S. Co-housing communities A comprehensive system approach in all braches of government, rather than isolated projects, is the difference between Sweeden’s approach and the United States’
Strategy Implementation: -ABCD Strategic planning process can serve as a framework for communitiy mobilization and action: A. raising AWARENESS about sustainability B. BASELINE analysis--where are we today? C. CREATING vision D. DEVELOPING an action plan -Coulld a bottom-up system like this work in Japan?
Week 2: Daniel Pearl
Professor, University of Montreal Principal, L’Oeuf Architecture Loeuf is a self-described “office of eclectisism and urbanism”, focusing on different scales of community urban design. Ronald Wright’s “A Short History of Progress”: outlines civilizations that knew they were consuming beyond their capacity but continued regardless of that knowledge. -how do we develop an assessment tool that will value socio-economic and socio-cultural values? -How to use resources in a sustainable way, in a low-tech, high-intellectual way -if we do not deal with social issues, technology will be wasted. Technology should be supplemental. Projects: 1. “Inside:Outside” (exhibition) was an installation to highlight the firms’ work. One part was high-tech, one part low-tech. The goal was to that react and display environmental situations within the house. 2. Benny Farmis a housing complex with 372 Units built in the 1930’s and 1940’s, owned by the Canadian Gov’t. The project develops of new social model, retrofits buidlings for greater efficency, and reuses building materials on site for new buildings. 3. Green Acres is a new development project that strives to use land intelligently and preserve water paths and biodiversity avenues on the site. 4. MeadowBrook is a private development project, worked with ecologist, landscape architects, forestry engineer, traffic engineer to intelligently design site.
Strategy Implementation: -”Green DNA” of a culture -collaboration with other experts -ecology and biodiversity -waterflows -access to transit -smart social models are as important as technology and intelligent master plannign -community engagement -sacrifice public space to improve the public realm -phasing and economic model
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Week 3: Dennis Pieprz and Mark Reaves Sasaki Associates
Sasaki is an interdisciplinary team with astrong emphasis on sustainability--projects are related to â&#x20AC;&#x153;regenerationâ&#x20AC;? Adherance to green principles: integration with the environment, enhance water and natural resources, design for energy and atmosphere, champion natural habitats, prioritize transit Prjoects: 1. Charlston, SC: regenerating the water front with a public space, retore salt marsh. A catalyst for regeneration and redevelopment 2. 789 Arts District (Beijing, China)former factory and military site taken over by artists. Emphasize arts and introduce artsrelated inustries. Make district more accessible and visible. Work with existing buildings and introduce new ones. Plan transit, public spaces, linear parks, along with buildings 3. Caohai North Shore (Kunming, Youannan Province, China): pairs private development with public effort to treat lake pollution. Improve water through site design. 4. Hongxing Urban District (Dalian, China): new form of development while maintaining density. Work with topography and watershed areas to develop while preserving site flows and hillside environments. 5. Golden Dream Bay/ Bohai Bay (Quinhuangdao, China): Ecological restoration of sand dunes systems ajacent to new building development. 6. Sidney Olympics Site, Australia: Strategies to better integrate olympic park with greater Sydney area to increase fuctionality. New 2025 vision for the district.
Strategy Implementation: -Design as a catalyst for regeneration + redevelopment -How do you balance ecological concerns with economic development goals of densification/intensification? -Understand what the site was, and wants to be. Forming a baseline, then interpreting the carrying capacity through the masterplan. -Balance the urban, architectural and ecological benefits and necessary functions.
Week 4: Kent Larson
Changing Places Consortium MIT Architecture and Media Lab
10 Societal forces are causing us to rethink how we design, fabricate and provide services for places of living: 1. The nature of work is changing: 1/3 of workforce is working in the workplace, 1/3 in third places, 1/3 in the home. 2.The center of gravity of healthcare will shift from the clinic to the home. 3.Increasing cost of energy 4. The home the next big untapped market technology companies 5. Building material companies migrating from low margin commodities to high value systems. 6. Shortage of skilled construction labor 7. Sophisticated, internet-based supply chains are changing product marketing and fabrication 8. New generation of consumers want custom, unique envornments and products. 9. New generation of consumers want low-cost services. 10. New tools allowing us to be more efficient (such as BIM) Research: 1. House_n: 1.Divide construction into disentangled systems: utility chassis, loft chassis, roof chassis, integrated interior fill, responsive façade components, and agile technologies. Design standard interface of different components which become individually customizable. 2. PlaceLab: a highly instrumentalized living laboratory. Prefabricated components have imbedded technology. Serves as a microscope to study human behavior through imbedded sensor technology. 3. 24 Living: Kalasatama, Finland 2010, current project as a part of Helsinki. Old industrial area, lots of warehouses. Group of 5 companies working with MIT group to put in a joint proposal. Create a bottom-up process: starting with people, needs of occupants at the site, rather than starting with large planning concepts. Incorporates concets of mass-customized housing, building in disentangled layers of assemblies, assembly only on site, homeonwers at center of â&#x20AC;&#x153;design processâ&#x20AC;?
Strategy Implementation: What Aspects of building technology to address climate? Create high performing zero energy cost effective mass customized as a model? Can we create mass customized, urban infill multi-family housing? Can non-expert designers navigate through a complex design process (without forcing them to think like a designer) to make informed decisions about: Design, sustainability, change over time, systems, and services? How can we study Human behavior in architectural environments? Can we encourage responsible health-related behavior? Where, When and in what social context does innovation occur? How can we understand workplace behavior in order to design better places of work?
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Week 5: Nico Kienzl and Junko Nakagawa Atelier Ten
Focus on environmental design consultancy. Have office in London, New YOrk, New Haven, Baltimore, and San Fransisco. Work at all project scales as a highly collaborative practice. How can buildings and landscapes do more so systems can do less? Integrated priorities: -Environmental, economic and social come together to create an integrated design. Look at how natural systems an building system interact. Once you think about the life cycle of something you can begin to figure out a building’s role in a broader stage of systems. Small-scale Projects: 1. Federation Square: create building systems that generate their own sources of heat and cool through materials. 2. Theatres by the Bay--Singapore: Shading fins reduce direct solar gain while allowing views out of the site, and became an identifier for the project and the city 3. Kroon Building--Yale school of Forestry: Use materials and siting to minimize systems needs of the building. Mid-scale Projects: 4. Alston Master Plan--Harvard University: Translate greater goals of Harvard University into master plan. Organize elements of master plan. Project to the future when making decisions on energy prices and performance standards. 5. Harold Ickes Homes--Chicago, IL: Large scale 1950’s housing development. Area of social, economic decline. Retrofit for energy efficiency: avoid unnecessary A/C by focusing on envelope efficiency and greenroof strategies Large-Scale project: 6. Tianjin Eco-City--Tianjin, China: post-industrial ocean site. propose mix of high, mid, and low-rise density to maximize site use, daylighting, pedestrian access, other green amenities, and healthy community.
Strategy Implementation: ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN MIT
-Integrated priorities: Environmental economic and social= come together to create integrated design
October 2008
-How do you get towards carbon neutral? -Go away from the model where a building is stuff going in and out, thinking of the -Building as a part of the larger system: air cycle, material cycle, energy cycle, -There is no silver bullet--it’s important determine goals up front and define your metrics -How can these green improvements become an architectural feature
INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH
Connie Chung Green, How and Why? Drivers Behind Green Residential Development at the Macallen Building
The research investigated a case study: the Macallen Buidling in South Boston. The Macallen Building is 140 unit condominium built in 2007, and achieved a LEED Gold rating. The building has many sustainable features, including siting for sun exposure and transit, phasing construction for waste recycling, local and recycled materials, energy- and water- saving fixtures and appliances, 20,000 sq. ft. green roof to reduce stormwater runoff, a cogeneration plant (combined heat and power), pervious pavement, and greywater recycling. The drivers for this development were 1. Profit--as sustainability becomes more popular in the market, consumers value the added costs; 2. Moral Conscience: carbon footprint and construction waste; and 3. Image: publicity and marketing by being and industry leader.
Catherine Duffy
Mixed use zoning and its application to Tama New Town
Zoning systems in Japan are not entirely different from zoning systems in the United States. Following the idea of Euclidean zoning, the concept of separating uses in order to provide protection from conflicting uses is the foundation of the system. Codes tend to be looser than traditional US Euclidean standard codes, generally allowing for a greater mix of uses. Overlay districts could potentially drive mixed use development in Tama New Town. This would require planners to take a more prescriptive approach to planning and push development in catalyst areas, rather than set general requirements, and allow the city to grow organically. Tama New Town was not an organic city, but a master planned community. It is, however, decaying in a very organic, haphazard way, and prescriptive planning in catalyst areas may be necessary for it to make a comeback.
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INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH
Chris Guignon Land Use in a Shrinking City
The turn of the 21st century brings telling signs that the developed world may have reached the crest of a 150-year history of progress. For urban areas experiencing declining populations, this means that the key question in sustainable planning may be â&#x20AC;&#x153;in what ways can we not develop to make our community more sustainable?â&#x20AC;? Shrinking cities strategies offer a robust planning method that abandons the short-termvisions of development that led to 1960â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s new towns and suburban sprawl. It also attempts to address the environment, community, and identity of place simultaneously to varying degrees of success. Tama New Town, a town that has betrayed an inability to maintain its landscaping and attract residents, may be a model town for a shrinking cities approach to sustainable development. It seeks to set into reverse the monotonous redundancy of suburban and new town planning to make distinct urbanities where people will choose to live.
Mary Hale Working Domestically: How Technological Innovation and Smart Community Design can Enable Mothers in the Workforce
Trends of women in the Japanese workforce are changing. Japanese youth population is declining. This population decrease is related to social structures. How can design and technology help women work and not give up their families? A number of case studies, both of techonlogical advancements and urban environments, are investigated for fuctionality and practicality for use within Japanese Culture.
Jesse Hunting Digitally Fabricating Tama New Town
Larry Sass has a vision for the future of home production that includes manufacturing homes using cutting edge technologies and assembly process. Sassâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; vision of automated home production, called Digital Fabrication, represents the latest generation of home production ideas. Sassâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; work has global applications to developing and developed countries alike. This paper examines Digital Fabrication in the context of Japanese developer Sekisui House and a Japanese suburban development, Tama New Town. The paper begins by describing what Digital Fabrication is and then analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the process. After analyzing the process, the paper then highlights five benefits that could result from using Digital Fabrication in Tama New Town: 1) Reduces the costs of home building; 2) Reduces the factory space needed for manufacturing; 3) Enables multistory automated home building; 4) Speeds up design; and 5) Incorporation of energy saving and generating technologies.
Haruka Horiuchi Rethinking Reuse Redux: Exploring the Relevance of Reuse in Tama New Town
In the context of a decreasing population and an aging society, one could argue that the need for new construction is steadily becoming obsolete. Traditionally, architecture in Japan is fluid and impermanent. In this context, a materially permanent, large-scale development like Tama New Town is unique. Can the perception of permanence and fluidity be reversed to accept material permanence and programmaticfluidity? Currently in Tama New Town, there exist a number of school buildings that are unused or underused because of the declining population of school-aged children. Further, these school buildings are distributed evenly throughout Tama New Town, so have the potential of having a specific relevance to individual neighborhoods across the region. Specifically in Suwa and Nagayama, there are seven existing element. How can these buildings be usefully and effectively reused? What are the range of possibilities of reuse? And most importantly, why should these buildings be reused at all?
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INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH
Chaly Koh Mobility of Aging Population in Nagayama, Tama New Town
Mobility is highly important for the health of an aging individual as well as the wellbeing of a community. Considering the physical limitations of aging adults, topographically challenging areas such as Nagayama need to provide alternative transportation modes to accommodate their needs. this paper first examines the characteristics of an aging individual as compared to those of a young adult. The current mobilityof aging individuals in the Nagayama district are critical to analyzing the existing transportation modes, topography and land use in the area. Three transportation alternatives that could possibly accommodate the needs of aging individuals in thearea are investigated, along with their monetary, physical, temporal and energy costs as well as the social and urban impacts and benefits that each brings to Nagayama.
Deborah Morris Cooperatives and Conservancy: Case Studies in Land Management Techniques
In Tama New Town, there are vast swaths of unused open spaces surrounding an obsolete and under populated housing development. Resolving the ambiguous ownership (both technical and psychological) of these open spaces is a requisite for any rehabilitation of this residential landscape. Further, any sustainable scenario for an existing place must take into account resource management strategies that beget environmental stewardship, adaptability to changing community needs, and civic awareness. Open space land cooperatives are methods of management that can encourage community participation while creating a framework for adaptability and local stewardship. An examination of the case of Sunnyside Gardens, a New York City community, and conservation sub-divisions in Hamburg, Michigan, illustrate the potential and flexibility of zoning cooperative models can be paired together so as to change land use patterns in new communities.
Alice Rosenberg Mainstreaming Energy Efficiency in the Residential Sector: Consumer Drivers for Market Penetration
Energy efficiency in the residential sector provides many advantages over current typical building practice. The economic as well as environmental benefits have been proven and demonstrated over the past few decades with little to no extra cost or significant effort. Energy Efficiency is an aspect of residential design that has received increased attention recently. The adoption of high performance envelopes, reduced consumption appliances, passive strategies for heating/cooling, and other mechanisms to minimize energy consumption are becoming more frequent in homes. I would assert that energy efficiency has qualities of all listed drivers of change. The strength of the argument for energy efficiency, however, should eventually facilitate mainstream penetration into the residential building sector.
Laura Rushfeldt New Working Models: A Sustainability Assessment
It is now undisputed that telecommuting, or eWork, can and has been incorporated into the workplace world. Converging demographic trends in the workplace driving workplace model innovation. The organization of a workplace is a complex balance of spatial, economic, and social factor individual to each workplace. Workplace models can be objectively assessed through their energy and environmental impacts. This research proposes to assess the energy use impact of traditional and new working models in order to evaluate their impact on sustainable urban development. The investigation method is to collect and compare on the environmental effects of building operation, building use and transportation related to energy use for four simulated Tokyo homes and workplaces. A balance of both efficiently pooling shared resources and minimizing the adverse effects of large centralized facilities uses energy most efficiently. This will provide quantitative data, for energy and environmental factors, with regards to sustainable office environments, which can then inform planning for the future of urban development in Tama and elsewhere.
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 35
INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH
Sarah Snyder A Comparison of LEED ND and Tama New Townâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Nagayama District
On paper, there are many aspects of Tama New Town that resemble a wellplanned and sustainable community by contemporary United States planning standards. However, in person, the condition of Tama New Town, particularly the Nagayama district, lack the quality of life that the original plan so eagerly tried to produce. If the fate of Nagayama only thirty years after its beginning is the need for redesign, demolition, and reconstruction, how can we ensure the future communities we design today will not face the same fate if we use some of the same design principles? Sustainable rating systems, when culturally and geographically specific,can have a positive effect on encouraging sustainable development patterns. The combination of good design and knowledge of the latest sustainable design issues will still determine the long-term outcome of a community.
Erica Weiss
Overcoming Machismo: Shaping a Community to Support Working Women In
2000, when Japan initiated the Basic Plan for Gender Equality the country was making its first attempts to elevate the role of women in society. However, the involvement of women in Japan has deteriorated since its efforts began. The under-representation of women in positions of influence within Japan contributes greatly to its poor ranking. There are many factors that contribute to the absence of women in the workforce in Japan, including societal stigmas, lack of childcare, and gender discrimination in the workplace. With the opportunity to plan a new community, some of these factors can be diminished while others will require strong policy work to effect change. Countries in Europe, Spain in particular, have made great strides in the past few decades to relieve women of their â&#x20AC;&#x153;choresâ&#x20AC;? and welcome them into the growing workforce. The success of the growing female workforce in Spain offers valuable lessons for the enrichment of the Japanese female labor market.
Sekisui Staff Three members of the Seksui Staff, Kenta Konishi, Makoto Ochiai, and Kaori Miura, served as guides and liasons for the MIT faculty and staff in the summer travel in Japan and fall investigation at MIT in Boston. They completed an investigation of sustainable community design in Europe for several weeks in the fall. Concentrating primarily on Western Europe and Scandinavia, each investigated numerous cities to study examples of sustainable community design. Each acted as an independent researcher, visiting different countries and sites and investigating specific interest areas of sustainable design such as sucessful density of living and re-use of existing building stock. This resesarch culminated in a completed report of observations and analysis and a presentation to Sekisui Staff and MIT faculty and students in December.
Beddington Zero Energy Development (BedZED), England
Borneo Sporenburg, Amsterdam, UK
Promenade Plantee Paris, France
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 37
Town debt Poor quality buildings
FINAL INQUIRY Team One: Tama “Flexible Adaptable” Town Catherine Duffy, Mary Hale, Jesse Hunting, Alice Rosenberg
Decreased retail / commercial sector Unbalanced income class of residents Increased cost of energy Global competition for manufacturing and industry
Challenges for Tama New Town Economic Challenges for Tama Town debt
Environmental Challenges for Tama Increased extreme climate conditions
Poor qualityabuildings Originally, Tama was desinged as a suburban “new town” providing comfortable living space, with connections tonatural Tokyo Dependence on coal and gas, polluting energy sources stock, as and providing some local jobs and retail. Today, Tama has a Decreased dwindling population due mainly to the aged building retail / commercial sector well as unbalanced percentage of public housing. Animal habitat and species disruption Unbalanced income class of residents due to been global warming / habitat From analyzing economic, social and environmental challenges facing tama, 7 design principles have outlined as loss Increased cost of energy integral to Tama New Town’s current and future sucess: 1. Carbon zero; 2. Flexible buildings; 3. Concentrated services; 4. MiEnergy wasted by inefficient buildings Global competition for manufacturing and cromeasures implemented state-wide; 5. Education and transparency; 6. coordinated redevelopment; and 7. Waste reducEnergy wasted by heavy input of industry tion and on-site processing. goods and services These seven principles that shape a proposed future for Tama New Town
Challenges for Tama New Town Economic Challenges for Tama
Environmental Challenges for TamaSocial Challenges for Tama
Town debt
Increased extreme climate conditions
Poor quality buildings
Dependence on coal and natural gas, polluting energy sources
Decreased retail / commercial sector Unbalanced income class of residents
Animal habitat and species disruption due to global warming / habitat loss
Increased cost of energy
Energy wasted by inefficient buildings
Global competition for manufacturing and industry
Energy wasted by heavy input of goods and services
Unbalanced age of residents Oppressive buildings and unmaintained streetscape High vacancy rate of buildings Difficult mobility in areas, due to hilly terrain Underutilized spaces Reduced interaction among residents
Environmental Challenges for Tama
Social Challenges for Tama
Increased extreme climate conditions
Unbalanced age of residents
Dependence on coal and natural gas, polluting energy sources
Oppressive buildings and unmaintained streetscape
Animal habitat and species disruption due to global warming / habitat loss
High vacancy rate of buildings
Energy wasted by inefficient buildings Energy wasted by heavy input of goods and services
Social Challenges for Tama Unbalanced age of residents Oppressive buildings and unmaintained streetscape
Difficult mobility in areas, due to hilly terrain Underutilized spaces Reduced interaction among residents
OU
water
SERVICES & LABOR
COMPOST
EDUCATION
OUTPUTS
WATER
SEWAGE
ENERGY
education
RECYCLING
services/labor SERVICES & LABOR
RECYCLING
compost
BUILDING MATERIALS
food
COMPOST
FOOD
WATER
COMPOST
FOOD
SERVICES & LABOR
LABOR WATER
EDUCATION
SITE DIAGRAM
FOOD
WASTE
BUILDING MATERIALS
EDUCATION
EXISTING SYSTEM
COMPOST
SERVICES & LABOR
WATER
Site diagram
Proposed energy flows TAMA REGION
recycling
WASTE
RECYCLING
COMPOST
TAMA NEW TOWN
EDUCATION
FOOD
ENERGY
ENERGY EDUCATION
FOOD
materials BUILDING MATERIALS
BUILDING MATERIALS
FOOD
SERVICES & LABOR
waste INPUTS
WASTE
ENERGY
COMPOST
BUILDING MATERIALS
COMPOST
SEWAGE FOOD
LABOR
SERVICES & LABOR
RECYCLING
ENERGY
COMPOST
SEWAGE
EDUCATION
WATER
RECYCLING
ENERGY
RECYCLING
EDUCATION
ENERGY
WASTE
ENERGY PRODUCED ON-SITE LOCALLY AT BUILDING AND COMMUNITY SCALE
OUTPUTS energy ENERGY
BIO-SWAILS IN EXSITING VALLEYS TO CAPTURE AND FILTER SEWAGE
BUILDING MATERIALS
FOOD
SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PRODUCTIONAND COMMUNITY GARDENS WITHINWATER TAMA SERVICES
& LABOR
PROVIDE EDUCATION AND RESOURCES FOR COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION RECYCLING CENTER LOCATED AT THE BOTTOM OF SITE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TO SERVE THE GREATER TAMA REGION
SEWAGE
OUTPUTS
SITE DIAGRAM
SEWAGE
WATER
BUILDING MATERIALS
LOCAL COMPOSTING FACILITIES WITHIN COMMUNITIES NEW BUILDINGS TO BE BUILT IN PART OUT OF RECYCLED OLD TAMA BUILDINGS
sewage SEWAGE
WASTE
RECYCLING
JOBS CREATED BY INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND NEW UNIVERSITY
COMPOST
SITE DIAGRAM
OUTPUTS
PROPOSED SYSTEM
ENERGY
SEWAGE
COMPOST FOOD
SEWAGE
OUTPUTS
EDUCATION
WASTE RECYCLING COMPOST
SERVICES
IAGRAM
ES OR
RECYCLING
Site diagram
INPUTS
E
OST
WASTE
Current energy flows
INPUTS
S
SEWAGE
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design OUTPUTS
PAGE 39
Team One: Tama â&#x20AC;&#x153;Flexible Adaptableâ&#x20AC;? Town
2010 : existing conditions 2010: Existing conditions
2020: Land reclamation, university, new blocks, 2020 : land reclamation, university, new blocks, meandering corridor, high density low rise housing, retail spine
meandering corridor, high density low rise housing, retail spine
2030: rise,low rise, high density housing 2030 : low high density houseing
2050:
continued growth of low rise, high density housing
The vision for â&#x20AC;&#x153;Flexible Adaptableâ&#x20AC;? Tama inclues small multi generational mixed use, a university town with connection to Tokyo, responsible for providing the majority of consumed energy and prcessing the majority of its waste, with desirable living spaces and built in flexibility to adapt as time passes. Over time, updated housing, with proximity to Tokyo University as major industry, retail boulevard Coordinated pathway throughout site will also be included. Physical design elements are supported by environmental and energy measures, as well as community building programs.
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 41
Team One: Tama “Flexible Adaptable” Town
section through university and urban core
section through site
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 43
Team One: Tama “Flexible Adaptable” Town
detail section through urban core
detail section through urban core and university
The new University will provide an identity to the community. The campus is an anchor at the end of the dense urban core. Dispersed facilities throughout Nagayama mix the university with the community. Old walk-up apartment buildings can be converted to student housing. The university could have a specific focus on ecological and enviornmental areas of study, due to its unique siting outside of the city of Tokyo.
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 45
Team One: Tama “Flexible Adaptable” Town
University campuses will change over the next 50 years as the internet and web-based learning become more common. However, there will still be needs for physical gathering spaces some of the time by the university. To ensure these facilities are well-used, they are dispersed in Nagayama, for use by residents and visitors as well as university students. These “media centers” can become community-builders, similar to a community center or library today.
The Urban Core is a linear development from the tran station to the university. This dense area creates an active street life and provides economic activity, jobs, and amenities to the residents of the area along with servicing the University. This urban core would have mixed uses and density, similar to more sucessful urban areas in Japan and other precedents such as Philadelphia.
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 47
Team One: Tama “Flexible Adaptable” Town
Mixed use block types
Residential block types
10-15 minutes walk
5-10 minutes walk
Train station
College
Transit Strategy INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 49
size.
cconnectivity o
AJDW ’08 | BUILDING RESILIE
flexibility
Team Two: Building Resiliency Demographic Analysis
AJDW ’08 | BUILDING RESILIENCY | PRINCIPLES
social diversity
Self-Sufficiency + Connectivity = Resilience co
nn
ec
self-sufficiency
tiv
ity
Existing Building T
Tama New Town’s population shrinkage demonstrates the limitations of an inflexible, single-use, monocular community. Because of its proximity to Tokyo and the significant existing built infrastructure, Tama cannot be y it abandoned. To give Tama longevity, the population must ctiv e n be consolidate and its physical footprint reduced. con
Self-Sufficiency + Connectivity = Resilience Self-Sufficiency + Connectivity = Resilience
11%
cconnectivity o
Tama New Town’s population shrinkage demonstrates the limitations of an inflexible, single-use, monocular community. Community resilience comes from self-sufficienct land uses, the neighborhood can work to support its own food Because of its proximity to Tokyo and the significant existing built infrastructure, Tama cannot be where abandoned. To give Tama and energy consumption habits. Improved connectivity, along with mixed-use industry,from garden allotments, and a longevity, the population must be consolidate and its physical footprint reduced. Community resilience comes self-suffiresilience time community-supported agriculture farm yield the resources cienct land uses, where the neighborhood can work to support its own food and energy consumption habits. Improved conthat can be flexibility employed regardless of population size. social flexibility Tama New Town with a shorterm vision of rapid and continuous growth. By recognizing the unpredictability of diversity nectivity, along with mixed-use industry, garden allotments, and a community-supported agriculture farm yield the resources population size it is possible to create a framework that can accomodate growth or shrinkage, and demographic shifts in Tama’semployed population. that can be flexibility regardless of population size. The diagram above illustrates that the majority of housing in Suwa and Nagayama is apartment complexes built in the 1970s. This comes from density strategies, population consolidation strategies, food production strategies, transportation strategies, The diagram below illustrates the current spatial distribution of lifestyle groups. These same 1970s structures and ecological restoration strategies, house a disproportionately large number of elderly people. Because of accessibility issues, these dwellings Lifestyle Analysis make it difficult for elderly residents to interact with their community, and this housing form is not popular
with families or youngand professionals who are able to Distribution chose where they live. The high vacancy rates and few Existing Building Types Population Demographic Analysis connections furtherBuilding isolate the elderly Types from the rest of Tama. Population Distribution Existing and
Tama New Town’s population shrinkage demonstrates The demographic imbalance in Tama TownTama Town’s single-use, population shrinkage demonstrates theNew limitations of New an inflexible, monocular is caused as much by national population trends Because of its proximity to Tokyo and the community. the limitations of an inflexible, single-use, monocular as by a built environment that is obsolete. Independent Elderly (Senior Citizens) significant existing built infrastructure, Tama cannot be to Tokyo and the49% Families (Unit SupportBecause Lifestyles) community. of its proximity self-sufficiency ty Independent (Young Professionals) tivi abandoned. To give Tama longevity, the population must Understanding the ndifferent interests yandsignificant existing built infrastructure, Tama cannot be nec self-sufficiency be consolidate and its physical footprint reduced. co vit
nn
co ectiv nn ity ec tiv ity
physical needs of different lifestyles is necessary ti abandoned. To give Tama40%longevity, the population nec that willbe consolidate and its physical footprint reduced. knowledge for building a community con Community continue to appeal to a broad spectrum ofresilience comes from self-sufficienct land uses, where the neighborhood can work to support its own food residents.
resilience social diversity
social diversity
The result of this spacialized lifestyle distribution is an unbalanced neighborhood that cannot sustain itself.
must
and energy Community consumption resilience habits. Improved comesconnectivity, from self-sufficienct land uses, along with mixed-use industry, garden allotments, and a
where therelatively neighborhood can work to support its own food Despites its convenience to Tokyo, young community-supported agriculturefew farm yieldprofessionals the resourcesare choosing to locate in energy Improved Tama. Those that dobe liveand in Tama tend toconsumption resideregardless in newer habits. apartment buildings thatconnectivity, are convenient that can flexibility employed of population both to the highway system and the train station. along with mixed-use industry, garden allotments, and a
resilience flexibility
size.
time
Tama New Town with a shorterm vision of rapid and continuous growth. By recognizing the unpredictability of community-supported agriculture farm yield the resources Young professionals prefer to live in neighborhoods that are culturally active. Always seeking size it is possible to create a framework that can accomodate growth or shrinkage, and demographic shifts population that beextremely flexibility employed of for population variety, young professional findcan choice appealing, and areregardless always looking new people in Tama’s population. flexibility to meet and new paths size. to explore.
cconnectivity o
The diagram below illustrates the house a disproportionately large make it difficult for elderly reside with families or young profession connections further isolate the e
Lifestyle Analysis
Demographic Analysis
11%
Families that reside in Tama tend to inhabit relatively new single family homes. These tend to convenient to the highway system, and inconvenient to the mass transit system. Proximity to strong schools and safe parks are extremely important. The demographic imbalance in Tama New Town
as much by national population trends Demographic Analysis Although they are heavy users of community resources (parks and schools) it is easy forisascaused families by a built environment that is obsolete. to become isolated from their neighbors because most of their interests are insular.
Understanding the different interests and physical needs of different lifestyles is necessary knowledge for building a community that will continue to appeal to a broad spectrum of residents.
The result of this spacialized lifes Independent Elderly (Senior Citizens) Families (Unit Support Lifestyles) Independent (Young Professionals)
time
Elderly people make of the majority of the population inTama New Town. They tend to live in
49%
40%
Young Professionals Young Professionals Families Families Independent Elderly Independent Elderly
Despites its convenience to Tokyo, relatively few young professionals are choosing to locate in the older apartment complexes (the ones they raised their own children in) which are both Tama. Those that do live in Tama tend to reside in newer apartment buildings that are convenient Tama New Town with a shorterm vision of rapidinconvenient and continuous growth. Bythe recognizing the live unpredictability to mass transit and highway. Few here by choice.of both to the highway system and the train station. population size it is possible to create a framework that can accomodate growth or shrinkage, and demographic shifts Because few elderly persons work, they need a variety of spaces for social and recreational in Tama’s population. The diagram above illustrates that theprofessionals majority of housing in Suwa Nagayama is apartment complexes Young prefer to live inand neighborhoods that are culturally active. Always seeking activities to keep their days full and engaged, however, they strongly value convenience. built in the 1970s. variety, young professional find choice extremely appealing, and are always looking for new people
Density Analysis
time
The diagram above illustrates tha built in the 1970s.
to meet and new paths to explore. The diagram below illustrates the current spatial distribution of lifestyle groups. These same 1970s structures
house a disproportionately large number of elderly people. Because of accessibility issues, these dwellings Lifestyle Analysis times of population the community against shocks. Confining the population of Suwa and Nagayama a dense mixed-use core willtheir help create a closeand knitthis residential that is walkable and humane make it difficult to interact with community, housingcommunity form is not popular Tama New Town with aInshorterm visionshrinkage, of rapiddensity and buffers continuous growth. By recognizing the unpredictability offor elderlytoresidents
11% as the population shrinks. Reducing the physical imprint of Tama’s residential community makes it possible to put significant tracts of land towards agricultural production and also towards wild life restoration. Use, maintenance and
topher Guignon, Haruka Horiuchi, Deborah Morris, Sarah Snider
co
cconnectivity o
AJDW ’08 | BUILDING RESILIENCY | PRINCIPLES AJDW ’08 | BUILDING RESILIENCY | PRINCIPLES
Chris Guignon, Haruka Haruichi, Deborah Morris, Sarah Snider
with families or young professionals who are able to chose where they live. The high vacancy rates and few population size it imbalance is possible to create a framework that accomodate growth or shrinkage, and demographic shifts The demographic inof community governance resources are can simplified by the increased physical proximity. Relocating elderly residents to more appropriate housing types will alleviate social and physical conditions. connections further isolate the elderly from the rest of Tama. Tama’sTown population. TamainNew is caused by The diagram above illustrates that the majority of housing in Suwa and Nagayama is apartment complexes national trends as obselete built The demographic imbalance in Tama New Town The result of this spacialized distribution is an unbalanced neighborhood that cannot sustain itself. built lifestyle in the 1970s. Families Tama prefer toinhabit inhabit new family homes. Families thatinreside in Tama tend to relatively newsingle single family homes. These tend to is caused as much by national population trends environment convenient to the highway and inconvenient mass transit system. Proximity to as by a built environment that is obsolete. Conveneient to thesystem, highway systemtoisthe important, as is proximity The diagram below and illustrates theare current spatial distribution of lifestyle groups. These same 1970s structures Understanding interests and needs strong schools safe parks extremely important. and parks. Families are heavy ofofcommunity housetoa schools disproportionately large number of elderly people.users Because accessibility issues, these dwellings of different lifestyles necessary Understanding the different interests and heavy residents users of community resources (parkscommunity, and schools) and it is easy familiesform is not popular makeresources. itAlthough difficultthey forare elderly to interact with their this for housing physical needs different lifestylesthat is necessary for building a of community 11% to become from their neighbors because of their interests arelive. insular. knowledge for building a community that will with families or isolated young professionals who are ablemost to chose where they The high vacancy rates and few will appeal to broad spectrum of continue to appeal to a broad spectrum of connections further isolate the elderly from the rest of Tama. residents residents.
Lifestyle Analysis
Independent Elderly (Senior Citizens) Families (Unit Support Lifestyles) Independent (Young Professionals)
49%
40%
The demographic imbalance in Tama New Town Despites its population convenience trends to Tokyo, relatively few young professionals are choosing to locate in is caused as much by national Tama.young Those do live in Tama tendare to reside in newer apartment buildings are convenient Few choosing to locate in that Tama. as by a built environment thatthat isprofessionals obsolete. Independent Elderly (Senior Citizens) both to the highway system and the train station. (Unit Support Lifestyles) Young professionals preferFamilies neighborhoods that are culturaly Independent (Young Professionals)
Understanding the different interests active and provide variety. Young professionals prefer toand live in neighborhoods that are culturally active. Always seeking 40%looking for new people physical needs of different lifestyles is necessary variety, young professional find choice extremely appealing, and are always to meetaDensity: and new paths that to explore. Density (people/km2): knowledge for building community will continue to appeal to aNagayama: broad spectrum of 9130.2 residents. Suwa: 8669.8
10,452 (New York City) Area (km2):
The result of this spacialized lifestyle distribution is an unbalanced neighborhood that cannot sustain itself. 49%
Elderly people make the ofmajority of people Tama Elderly people make of the majority the population inTama NewinTown. TheyNew tend toTown. live in the older apartment complexes (the apartment ones they raisedcomplexes their own children in) which are both They tend to live in older which are inconvenient to mass transit and the highway. Few live here by choice. inconvienent to transit and make mobility difficult. Density (people/km2): Density (people/km2): Because few elderly persons work, they need a variety of spaces for social and recreational 13,500 (Kichijyouji Shibuya) 17,000 (Shinjuku) activities to Honcho; keep their days full and engaged, however, they strongly value convenience. 2
Area (km ): Density Analysis
Despites young professionals are1.59 choosing to locate inNagayama: 1.82 --> 1.23 (Suwa) Area: its convenience to Tokyo, relatively fewNagayama: 1.82 -->
Area (km2): Nagayama: 1.82 --> .98
Physical Connectivity Connectivity Physical Physical Connectivity
The system proposed addresses the cumbersome topography of the district by creating an urban core, with a streetcar system with frequent stops convenient to residences. This system emphasizes mass transportation over individual automobile use, envisioning that a more sustainable future will be one with fewer individual cars.
Building a vibrant community of the future, regardless of population size, requires a system of connectivity that makes mobility possible for every resident. By limiting the location of the population, and suggesting a pattern for shrinkage and growth, connective tissue (a new greenway, walking paths, roads, a street car system) will allow this district to thrive as the population and its commuting habits shift.
Self-Sufficiency through Food Production Melding urban and agrarian uses will promote economic and social security through self-sufficiency. Urban food and energy production can provide greater security at the time of an escalating global crisis. Interjecting this land use with urban infrastructure will create a more environmentally sustainable and civic-minded live-work structure within Tama. Different types of agricultural use (a CSA farm and an allotment community garden) create an opportunity for residents of different ages to contribute the efficiency to food production and community action.
Community Connections through Food Production The system proposed addresses the cumbersome of the district by creating an urban core, with a streetcar By coordinating residential cultivation plots with the community’s CSA, residents topography can benefit from larger economies Theand system proposed addresses the cumbersome topography of the district of scale, greater variety in produce. Because residential plots can be incorporated into a larger framework of by creating an urban core, with a streetcar system withresidents frequent stops convenient totheresidences. This system emphasizes mass transportation over individual agricultural production, become moreconvenient civicly engaged, while comunity at large becomes more attentive system with frequent stops to residences. This system emphasizes mass transportation over individual to all ofautomobile its members. use, envisioning that a more sustainable future will be one with fewer individual cars.
automobile use, envisioning that a more sustainable future will be one with fewer individual cars.
Building a vibrant community of the future, regardless of population size, requires a system of connectivity that makes Building a vibrant community of the future, regardless of population size, requires a system of connectivity that makes mobility possible for every resident. By limiting the location of the population, and suggesting a pattern for shrinkage $ for mobility possible every resident. By limiting the location of the population, and suggesting a pattern for shrinkage and growth, connective tissue (a new greenway, walking paths, roads, a street car system) will allow this district to and growth, connective tissue (a new greenway, walking paths, roads, a street car system) will allow this district to thrive as the population and its commuting habits shift. thrive as the population and its commuting habits shift.
Self-Sufficiencythrough throughFood FoodProduction Production Self-Sufficiency
CommunityConnections Connectionsthrough throughFood FoodProduction Production Community By coordinating residential cultivation plots with the community’s CSA, residents can benefit from larger economies Byofcoordinating residential cultivation plots Because with theresidential community’s CSA, can benefit largerframework economiesof scale, and greater variety in produce. plots canresidents be incorporated intofrom a larger of agricultural scale, and greater variety in produce. Because residential plotswhile can the be incorporated into becomes a larger framework of production, residents become more civicly engaged, comunity at large more attentive agricultural to all of itsproduction, members. residents become more civicly engaged, while the comunity at large becomes more attentive to all of its members.
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
$ $
PAGE 51
hSnider Snider
Melding urban and agrarian uses will promote economic and social security through self-sufficiency. Urban food and Melding urban and agrarian uses will promote economic and social security through self-sufficiency. Urban food and energy production can provide greater security at the time of an escalating global crisis. Interjecting this land use energy production can provide greater security at the time of an escalating global crisis. Interjecting this land use with urban infrastructure will create a more environmentally sustainable and civic-minded live-work structure within with urban infrastructure create a more and civic-minded live-work within Tama. Different types ofwill agricultural use (a environmentally CSA farm and ansustainable allotment community garden) create anstructure opportunity for Tama. Different types ofages agricultural use (athe CSA farm andtoanfood allotment community garden) create residents of different to contribute efficiency production and community action.an opportunity for residents of different ages to contribute the efficiency to food production and community action.
Christopher Guignon, Haruka Horiuchi, Deborah Morris, Sarah Snider
AJDW RESILIENCY AJDW ’08 | BUILDING RESILIENCY||| STRATEGIES STRATEGIES AJDW ’08 ’08 || BUILDING BUILDING RESILIENCY STRATEGIES
RecognizingTopography Topography Recognizing Recognizing Topography
AJDW ’08 | BUILDING RESILIENCY | ECOLOGICAL RESPONSIBILITY
HABITAT CORRIDOR AND WATER SYSTEM RESTORATION
Urban Landscape
Natural Forested Areas Golf Resources Courses Re-establish Natural
Water
ECOLOGICAL RESPONSIBILITY
Ecological Responsibility
RESTORING A NATURAL WATER AND WILDLIFE SYSTEM TO TAMA NEW TOWN WILL REDUCE THE ENERGY INPUTS REQUIRED TO SUPPORT THE COMMUNITY WHILE ALSO RESTOR-
Habitat
Restoring a natural water and wildlife system to Tama New Town BECOME A MODEL COMMUNITY THAT COMBINES RESIDENTIAL , COMMERCIAL , INDUSTRIAL, AND NATURAL USES. will restore bio-diversity. By connecting Suwa and Nagayama with an Reasons To Preseve Ecology And Biodiversity existing natural landcape, Tama can exploding community human populations are that degrading become a“First, model the environment at an accelerating rate, especially tropical countries. Second, science is discovering combinesinresidential, commercial, uses for biological diversity in ways that can industrial, new and natural uses. relieve both human suffering and environmental ING BIO-DIVERSITY. BY CONNECTING SUWA AND NAGAYAMA WITH AN EXISTING NATU-
RAL LANDSCAPE, AND BECOMING A REGIONAL CENTER FOR NATURAL SYSTEMS, TAMA CAN
Habitat Solutions: Current Habitat Issues:
Hydrology Current Habitat Solutions:
1. Design and plan for future habitat corridors in congjunction with future 1. There are no habitat corridors through 1. Design and plan for future habitat corridors in growth isolating biological diversity. habitat with only conjunction withvegitation future growth and decline strategies. 2.Tama, Design and remediate hative material 2. Non-native plant species exist.
2. Design and remediate habitat with only native vegetation material.
Current Water Management Solutions:
1. Current Treat naturally using landscape techniques. Water Management Issues: Current Water Management Solutions: 2. Slow the speed of the stormwater with natural, non canalized paths. Water treatment is energy intensive. 3.1.Collect stormwater for productive uses: Irrigation andlandscaping landscapgin 1. Treat naturally using techniques.and 2. Flow speed inspaces, increased due to agricultural cooling systems, and attractive design features. 2. Slow the speed of the stormwater piping, leading to flood risk. with natural, non-canalized paths. 4. Reconnect community to water through innovative landscaping, 3. Stormwater is notirrigataion used productively. collection,and techniques 3. Collect stormwater for productive uses:
destruction. Third, much of the diversity is being irreversibly lost through extinction caused by the destruction of natural habitats.” Source: Wilson, E.O. The current state of biological diversity.
4. People are disconnected from the source and treatment of water.
This regional map of the Tokyo Metropolitan area shows the disconnection of natural resources and habitat corridors as it exists today. Nagayama and Suwa are situated in the middle of the map, outlined in red.
Confronting Habitat Fragmentation Confronting Habitat Fragmentation With Landscape Ecology With Landcape Ecology
Shape Large interior Fragmentation Further Fragmen-
habitat tation This map shows the possibilitiy for more natural connections in the future. The movement of water through natural landscapes creates important connections between terrestial and hydro-based ecological systems,
2008
Suwa Nagayama In the Tokyo Bay Context Suwa Andand Nagayama In The Tokyo Bay Context
Pollution Levels in Tokyo Bay
Size
irrigation of landscaping and agricultural spaces, cooling systems, and attractive design features. 4. Reconnect community to water through innovative landscaping, collection, and irrigation techniques.
Toxic Emissions in Tama River
2100
Landscape ecology Habitat fragmentation: The process by which contiguous large blocks of habitat are broken or sliced into progressively smaller pieces by housing and industrial development, intensive agriculture, roads, and other development activities. Patch: A surface on the landscape differing in appearance from its surroundings. Patches may be due to natural (e.G., Soil type) or anthropogenic (human-caused; e.G., Housing development) factors. Areas of oak woodland, chaparral, or residential development are examples of patches within a landscape. Edge habitat: The outermost band surrounding a patch that has an environment significantly different from the interior of a patch. Edges can be a few to several hundred feet wide depending on environmental factors.
Interior habitat: Habitat within the interior of a patch that is removed from edge habitat. Interior habitat is necessary for certain oak woodland species, providing insulation from edge effects such as noise, wind, solar radiation, and increased predation. Corridor: A strip of land that differs from the surrounding area on both sides. The strip of habitat along a stream or road, a wind break, or railroad right-of-way are examples of natural and human-designed corridors that may function as habitat connections between patches. Source: http://danr.Ucop.Edu/ihrmp/oak52.Htm
2008
2030
, Sarah Snider
AJDW ’08 | BUILDING RESILIENCY | ECOLOGICAL RESPONSIBILITY
Team Two: Building Resiliency
AJDW â&#x20AC;&#x2122;08 | BUILDING RESILIENCY | ECOLOGICAL RESPONSIBILITY AJDW â&#x20AC;&#x2122;08 | BUILDING RESILIENCY | ECOL
HABITAT CORRIDOR AND WATER SYSTEM RESTORATION This regional map of the Tokyo Metropolitan area shows the disconnection of natural resources and habitat corridors as it exists today. Nagayama and Suwa are situated in the middle of the map, outlined in red.
Urban Landscape
Natural Forested Areas
Water
Golf Courses
2008
2008
This regional map of the Tokyo Metropolitan area shows the disconnection of natural resources and habitat corridors as This the Tokyo areain shows the disconnection of natural resources and habitat corridors that exist it existsregional today. Nagayamamap and Suwaof are situated in the middleMetro of the map, outlined red. today. Nagayama and Suwa are outlined in red.
2100
ristopher Guignon, Haruka Horiuchi, Deborah Morris, Sarah Snider
This map shows the possibilitiy for more natural connections in the future. The movement of water through natural landscapes creates important connections between terrestial and hydro-based ecological systems,
2008
2100 2030
2050 2008
2100 2030
rah Snider
This map shows the possibilitiy the for more natural connections in the future. Thenatural movement of connections water through natural This map shows possibility for more in the future. The movement of water through natural landlandscapes creates important connections between terrestial and hydro-based ecological systems, scapes creates important connections between terrestrial and hydro-based ecological systems.
AJDW ’08 | BUILDING RESILIENCY | CORE STRATEGIES
Team Two: Building Resiliency
Existing Conditions
Transit Corridor Extending from Regional Transit Hub
The proposed Nagayama Core area extends from Nagayama Station in the North of the research area.
The first strategy aims at providing better connectivity through Nagayama by extending a public transportation line from Nagayama Station through Nagayama Core.
It consists of two of the original developments in Tama New Town, as well as three underutilized schools and a difficult topography.
Stops are spaced 400 meters apart, meaning that a shuttle stop is rarely more than 10 minutes by foot, even given the difficult terrain.
400m Radius Walkable Neighborhood and Identifiable Urban Form
Transit Corridor Structures Compact Neighborhood
Existing
Connective corridor
The transit corridor that extends down Nagayama Core is widened slightly to accomodate a hybrid bus or streetcar line. It becomes a main pedestrian corridor as civic, commercial, and service buildings are built on the hillside. These public buildings have the added function of providing better access between elevations.
The proposed Nagayama Core area extends from Nagayama Station in the North of the research area. It consists of two of the original developments in Tama New Town, as well underutilized schools and a difficult topography. Dense Mixed as Usethree core area and Biodiversity Corridor and Transit Corridor Extending from Regional Transit Hub: The first strategy aims at providing better connectivity through flexible peripheral areas RecreationNagayaEscape ma by extending a public transportation line from Nagayama Station through Nagayama Core. Stops are spaced 400 meters apart, meaning that a shuttle stop is rarely more than 10 minutes by foot, even given the difficult terrain. The transit corridor that extends down Nagayama Core is widened slightly to accomodate a hybrid bus or streetcar line. It becomes a main pedestrian corridor as civic, commercial, and service buildings are built on the hillside. These public buildings have the added function of providing better access between elevations Indistinct Land Use (existing suburban condition)
The transit corridor that extends down Nagayama Core is widened slightly to accomodate a hybrid bus or streetcar line. It becomes a main pedestrian corridor as civic, commercial, and service buildings are built on the hillside. These public buildings have the added function of providing better access between elevations.
Dense Mixed Use core area and flexible peripheral areas
Biodiversity Corridor and Recreation Escape
Distinct and differentiated land use
Preemptive Historic Preservation Though the housing blocks that make up Tama New Town are problematic, it cannot be denied that the Tama New Town project holds historical value. By preserving the very first development in Tama New Town historical and cultural significance is added to the site. When Nagayama becomes a new sustainable community, the preserved buildings can act as an educational tool in the narrative of Tama New Town’s progress.
Green Space Size Comparison
Suwa Nature Reserve
Boston Common
Kichijyouji Park
Central Park
0
500 m
Fundamentally, the urban form consists of a Dense Mixed Use core area and flexible peripheral areas; Biodiversity Corridor and Recreation Escape are provided by converting the area east of the core into a recreation zone. Another important element of the design is Preemptive Historic Preservation: Though the housing blocks that make up Tama New Town are problematic, it cannot be denied that the Tama New Town project holds historical value. By preserving the very first development in Tama New Town historical and cultural significance is added to the site. When Nagayama becomes a new sustainable community, the preserved buildings can act as an educational tool in the narrative of Tama New Town’s progress. INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 55
Christopher Guignon, Haruka Horiuchi, Deborah Morris, Sarah Snider
Indistinct Land Use (existing suburban condition)
Vision for 2050
Team Two: Building Resiliency
food production food production
existing buildings existing buildings new + commercial new civiccivic + commercial New residential new residential demolished buildings bldgs demolished new car share new carhubs share hubs new streetcar line new streetcar line new pedestrian connections connections new pedestrian open greengreen space open space
recreational recreational green spacegreen space water water 0
500 m
The Nagayama-Suwa resilient city plan is made up of two main neighborhoods. The first one, on the previous pages, is primarily connective in nature, extending a transit corridor from the regional train station. Its center and its edges are made clear and legible, providing a sense of orientation and identification for the residents who reside there. The other neighborhood, illustrated here, is primarily self-sufficient. It is connected to the greater region by Nagayama Core but provides much of its own sustenance through resident food production. A third main element to the plan is a productive landscape that serves the system as a whole. This takes shape as a Community Supported Agriculture plot. By creating two distinct neighborhoods, residents of Nagayama-Suwa can choose from a variety of supported lifestyles.
Detail Area 04: Vertical Agriculture
type
location
size
urban or peri-urban
allotments
# of people
use of crops
one person or family
to supply cultivator or family
250 m2
community garden plots
food production existing buildings new civic + commercial demolished buildings new car share hubs new streetcar line open green space recreational green space water
DW â&#x20AC;&#x2122;08 | BUILDING RESILIENCY | SELF-SUFFICIENT AGRICULTURAL CITY
Vision for 2030 Vision for 2030
less than 1000 m2
urban or peri-urban, vacant lots, unexploited area within educational or health facilities. state owned or private.
type
size
one person or family
to supply cultivator or location family typeor peri-urban size urban
allotments
yield
# of people
use of crops
location one person or family
#supply of people to cultivator or family
1996: 1-2 kg/ m2-yr 2000: 8-12 kg/ m2-yr
250 m2 allotments
urban or peri-urban
one person or family
250 m2 to supply cultivator or urban or peri-urban, vacant family lots, unexploited area within one person or family educational or health facilities. less than 1000 m2 urban or peri-urban, vacant state owned or private. one person or family, several communityfeed. producers and for lots, unexploited 2 one person or family 1996: 1-2 areakg/ withinm -yr garden plots educational or health facilities. 2 families or cooperative trade. less than 1000 m2 2000: 8-12 kg/ m -yr state owned or private.
community garden plots
community gardens (intensive cultivation)
urban or peri-urban, stae owned or private. 1000 m2 - 3000 m2
community gardens (intensive cultivation)
one person or family, several families or cooperative
urban or peri-urban, stae owned or private. 2 - 3000 mgardens 2 community (intensive 1000 m cultivation)
urban or peri-urban, stae owned or private.
feed. producers and for trade. one person or family, several families or cooperative
yield use of crops
yield
to supply cultivator or family
1996: 1-2 kg/ m2-yr 2000: 8-12 kg/ m2-yr to supply cultivator or family
1996: 1-2 kg 2000: 8-12 k
1996: 1-2 kg/ m2-yr 2000: 8-12 kg/ m2-yr feed. producers and for trade.
1996: 1-2 kg 2000: 8-12 k
1000 m2 - 3000 m2
vacant urban sites, not suitable for direct agriculture use, require imported soil and containers
urban community gardens
vacant urban not suitable of individuals formed 2 groups of individuals formed into produce forsites, trade and groups 1996: 1996: 3 kg/ m2-yr 3 kg/ minto-yrproduce for trade and for direct agriculture use, a collective. institutional technical small-scale consumption by 2000: 20 kg/ m2-yr a collective. institutional technical small-scale consumption byvacant2000: urban community gardens support and advice. require imported soil and producers 20not kg/suitable m2-yr urban sites, groups of individuals formed into produce for trade and containers for direct agriculture use, a collective. institutional technical small-scale consumption by support and advice. producers gardens 2000 m2 - urban 5000 community m2
2000 m2 - 5000 m2
government alloted vacant urban sites, not suitable for direct agriculture use, soil and containers for growing high yield urbanbrought gardensin
high yield urban gardens
existing buildings new civic + commercial demolished buildings
new streetcar line open green space
high yield urban gardens
0
recreational green space water
support and advice.
producers
1996: 3 kg/ m 2000: 20 kg/
2000 m2 - 5000 m2
food production
new car share hubs
require imported soil and containers
government alloted vacant urban sites, not suitable for direct agriculture use, soil and containers for growing brought in
500 m
500 m
0
10000 m2
produce for sale 10000 m2 to the commercially viable work centres population and tourist or cooperatives sector
1994: 312kg/ m2-yr produce for sale to the commercially work centres 2000: 20 kg/ m2-yr governmentviable alloted vacant population and tourist or urban cooperatives sites, not suitable for sector produce for sale to the commercially viable work centres direct agriculture use, soil and population and tourist or cooperatives containers for growing sector brought in
1994: 312kg 2000: 20 kg/
1994: 312kg/ m2-yr 2000: 20 kg/ m2-yr
above examples from London, UK and Havana, Cuba [Viljoen 2005]
above examples from London, UK and Havana, Cuba [Viljoen 2005
10000 m2
Detail AreaDetail 01: Community Gardens Area Gardens Detail Area01: 01: Community Community Gardens
above examples from London, UK and Havana, Cuba [Viljoen 2005]
precedent:
precedent:
south end, boston
south end, bo
-public, but intimate, food produccommunity sharedcommunity plots shared plots tion is encouraged,flexibility in size precedent:
characteristics: shared small plots -180 community gardens exist, characteristics: shared small plots community identity community identity value -managed byneighborhood local and non-profit neighborhood value small plots small plots south end, boston organizations public but intimate, community gardens are open to the greater
public but intimate, community gardens are open to the greater world, but cared for by a cohesive groupof individuals. food world, but cared for by a cohesive groupof individuals. food production is encouraged, and thus flexibility in size also exists.
10 m
production is encouraged, and thus flexibility in size also exists. crops: aloes, mint, pumpkins, throughout boston, 180 community gardens exist,180 andcommunity are man- gardens exist, and are manthroughout boston, aged by local and non-profit organizations. by local and non-profit organizations. lettuce, spinach,agedparsley, beans, crops: aloes, mint, pumpkins, spinach, parsley, crops: lettuce, aloes, mint, pumpkins, lettuce, spinach, parsley, beetroot, tomatoes, carrots, coribeans, beetroot, tomatoes, carrots, beans,coriander, beetroot, tomatoes, carrots, coriander, potatoes, peppers, etc. potatoes, peppers, ander, potatoes, peppers, etc etc.
materials:
10 m wooden posts, materials: lockers, sharedwooden garden supplies posts, lockers, shared garden supplies
materials: wooden posts, lockers, a network of overlaid paths and ashared space fosters social network of overlaid paths and shared space fosters social interaction within the communityinteraction sharing the garden. within the community sharing the garden.garden supplies shared
community shared plots
Area 02:Farms Educational Farms Detail Area 02:Detail Educational
[Viljoen 2005]
[Viljoen 2005]
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design characteristics:
shared small plots
PAGE 57 precedent:
precedent:
materials:
a network of overlaid paths and shared space fosters social 2005]sharing the garden. interaction within the[Viljoen community
02: Educational Farms Detail Area 02: Educational Farms Detail Area 02: Educational Farms
a network of overlaid paths and shared space fosters social interaction within the community sharing the garden.
materials: boston, wooden posts, lockers, shared garden supplies throughout 180 community gardens exist, and are managed by local and non-profit organizations.
wooden posts, lockers, shared garden supplies crops:
aloes, mint, pumpkins, lettuce, spinach, parsley, beans, beetroot, tomatoes, carrots, coriander, potatoes, peppers, etc.
materials:
wooden posts, lockers, shared garden supplies
[Viljoen 2005]
10 m
[Viljoen 2005]
a network of overlaid paths and shared space fosters social interaction within the community sharing the garden.
02: Educational Farms
precedent: precedent:
[Viljoen 2005]
Detail Area 02: Educational Farms Precedent:
organiponico precedent: organiponico gastronomica playa gastronomica playa municipio playa,municipio havana playa, havana organiponico precedent: gastronomica playa municipio playa, havana organiponico 10 m
10 m
characteristics:
plateau gastronomica
playa
characteristics: plateau Organiponico, gastronomica playa, shared resource municipio playa, havana resource a space between municipio playa,shared 10Havana m boundary and edge a space between urban carpet boundary characteristics: plateau and edge educational 10 m Serves residential area, construced onresource urban carpet shared resource embankment to pavement resource walk artificial plateau.educational Pedestrians a characteristics: space between plateau the embankment to pavement boundary and edge shared resource
“playa organoponico a predominantly perimeter, experience varied serves relationship toresidential area. it is a space between defined by being constructed on an artificial plateau sited on urban carpet urban agriculture. “playa organoponico serves a predominantly residential area. it isits perimeter experiboundary and edge sloping ground. pedestrians walking around
educational resource defined by being constructed an artificial plateau sited on with urban agricultural urbanrelationship carpet ence on a constantly changing embankment to pavement
a constantly changing relationship with urban agricultural surface. sited between aence single storey junior school and a multiflower, pumpkin crops: tomatoes, lettuce, parsley, cabbage, chives, leeks,
surface. between aone single storey juniortoschool and a multistorey high school, it is seen as asited carpet from and an edge Materials: stone, concrete test cores, onions, rocket, peppers, aubergines, caulstorey high school, it is concrete seen asbeans, a test carpet from one andrubble, an edge to materials: stone, cores, concrete the other.” concrete rubble, corrugated cement sheet, the other.” flower, pumpkin corrugated cement sheet, chain link fence, earth chain crops: link fence, tomatoes,earth. lettuce, parsley, cabbage, chives, leeks,
materials:
crops: test cores, tomatoes, lettuce, parsley, cabbage, chives, leeks, stone, concrete rubble, onions,concrete rocket, peppers, aubergines, beans, caulonions, rocket, aubergines, beans, caulcorrugated cement sheet, chain link peppers, fence, earth flower, pumpkin
materials:
materials:test cores, stone,concrete concrete rubble, test cores, concrete rubble, stone, concrete corrugated cement sheet, chain link fence, earth corrugated cement sheet, chain link fence, earth
educational + productive landscape
educational + productive landscape
flower, pumpkin
Detail Area 03: Community-Supported Agriculture
[Viljoen 2005]
[Viljoen 2005]
educational + productive landscape educational + productive landscape
[Viljoen 2005] precedent:
[Viljoen 2005]
03: Community-Supported Agriculture
Detail Area03: 03:Community-Supported Community agriculture Detail Area Agriculture
precedent:
03: Community-Supported Agriculture
red fire farm granby, ma
precedent: red fire farm precedent: granby, ma red fire farm red fire farm granby, ma granby, ma
a 50 acre farm, red fire currently is able to grow and sell 25 shares per-acre, with one share being for 2-4 people, at 10 lbs of food per week. one acre can feed 50-100 people, and at maximum, red fire could feed as many as 5000 people, though they only serve 830 at the present. red fire farm produces vegetable shares, fruit shares, as well as
a 50 acre farm, red fire currently isfarm, ableand tofire grow anddeliveries sell 25 to a flower 50 acreshares, red currently is able andtrucks sell 25 can make viagrow tricycle (new with one share being for 2-4 people, at 10locations, lbs of shares per-acre, with oneshares shareper-acre, beingproject). for 2-4 people, at 10 lbs ofin-city amsterdam most people opt for pickup week. acre can feed 50-100 one afeed week forone 24 weeks outand of the year. people, and at maxifood per week. one acrefood canper 50-100 people, at maximum, red fire could feed as many as 5000 people, though they Precedent: Red farm mum, red farm, fire could feedFire as many asable 5000 people, though they a 50 acre red fire currently is to grow and sell 25 only serve 830 at the present. work exchange is available for those who would like to have fresh, only serve 830 atwith theone present. -50 acres,25 shares perbeing acre shares per-acre, share for 2-4 people, at 10 lbs of organic, local food delivered, but may need financial assistance.
0
community-supported
food per week. one acre can people, andshares, at maxired firefeed farm50-100 produces vegetable fruit shares, as well as -one acre feeds 50-100 red firered farm vegetable shares, fruit shares, as varieties wellthey as tricycle flower shares, and make deliveries via trucks (new mum, fireproduces could feed as many as 5000 people, though crops include overcan 300 different of vegetables, berries, -farm flower can shares, feed and can 5000 make deliveries via tricycle trucksopt (new amsterdam most people for in-city pickup locations, plants and project). flowers. only serve 830 at the present. m amsterdam 500 project). most forweeks in-cityout pickup onepeople a weekopt for 24 of thelocations, year.
one a week 24 weeks out of the year.fruit shares, red fire farmfor produces vegetable shares, well as -produces 300 different varieties of asvegwork exchange is available for those who would like to have fresh, agriculture flower shares, and can make deliveries via tricycle trucks (new etables, fruits, berries, plants, andflowers organic, local food buttomay need financial assistance. work exchange is available for those whodelivered, would like have fresh, amsterdam project). most people opt for in-city pickup locations, organic, localfor food need financial assistance. one a week 24 delivered, weekscrops outbut of may the over year. include 300 different varieties of vegetables, berries,
0
0
-makes deliveriesplants to in-city pickup locations and flowers.
crops include over 300 different varieties vegetables, 500 m work exchange is available for those who of would like to berries, have fresh, plants and flowers. organic, local food delivered, but may need financial assistance.
500 m -work exchange is avaliable as a pay community-supported agriculture
community-supported agriculture500 m 0
community-supported agriculture
option crops include over 300 different varieties of vegetables, berries, plants and flowers.
Christopher Guignon,Guignon, Haruka Horiuchi, DeborahDeborah Morris, Sarah Snider Christopher Haruka Horiuchi, Morris, Sarah Snider
educational resource sloping ground. pedestrians walking its experisurface. sitedaround between aperimeter single storey junior school and a multiCrops: tomatoes, lettuce, parsley, embankment to pavement storey high school, it isurban seen as a carpet from one and an edge to ence constantly changing relationship with agricultural “playaa organoponico servesleeks, a predominantly residential area. it is cabbage, chives, rocket, the other. ” onions, surface. sited between a single storey junior plateau school and multidefined by being constructed on an artificial siteda on “playa organoponico serves a predominantly peppers, aubergines, beans, caulflower, storey high school, it is seen as a carpet from one and an edge toresidential area. it is sloping ground. pedestrians walking around its perimeter experidefined by being constructed on anparsley, artificial plateau chives, sited on crops: tomatoes, lettuce, cabbage, leeks, the ” pumpkin enceother. a constantly changing relationship with urban agricultural sloping ground. pedestrians walking around its perimeter onions, rocket, peppers, aubergines, beans,expericaul-
Christopher Guignon, Haruka Horiuchi, Deborah Morris, Snider Christopher Guignon, Haruka Horiuchi, Deborah Morris, SarahSarah Snider
AJDWAJDW ’08 | BUIL ’08 |
a network of overlaid paths and shared space fosters social 10 m interaction within the community sharing the garden.
new streetcar line
water
new pedestrian connections open green space recreational green space water
0
500 m 500 m
0
Detail Area 04: Vertical Agriculture Detail Area 04: Detail Vertical Agriculture Area 04: Vertical Agriculture
vertical agriculture vertical agriculture
precedent: precedent: of 1970s structures reuse of 1970s reuse structures
vertical agriculture
vertical agriculture
Detail Area 05: High yield urban Garden Area 05: High-Yield Detail Area 05: Detail High-Yield Urban GardenUrban Garden precedent:
precedent:
borah Morris, Sarah Snider Christopher Guignon, Haruka Horiuchi, Deborah Morris, Sarah Snider
recreational green space
AJDW ’08 | BUI AJDW ’08 | BUILDING RESILIENCY | SELF-SUFFI
new pedestrian connections open green space
organiponico organiponico pastorita cienfuegos pastorita cienfuegos
10 m
10 m
Precedent: characteristics:
Organiponico,
characteristics:
undulation
undulation marking topography marking topography making a new surface viewing from above making a new cienfuegos surface pastorita bridging territories viewing from above bridging territories
“this site is discovered from above, from private arpartments or
shared an adjoining or school. recycled five meter “thisissite is discoveredfrom fromfrom above, fromterraces private Site covered above withofarpartments apartments precast concrete beamsfive enclose planting beds and articulate from shared terraces of an long adjoining school. recycled meter and terraces. Recycled precast concrete topographical changes, thus defining territories and edges. this long precast concrete beams enclose planting beds and articulate landscape, currently a visual resource, become a physical beams enclose beds and define tertopographical changes, planting thus defining territories and edges. this could resource if overlaid with publicly accessible paths and spaces, landscape, currently a visual resource, could become a physical ritories and edges. Possibility forof public increasing the variety occupation.”paths resource if overlaid with publicly accessible paths and spaces, and spaces increasing the variety of occupation.” crops:
aloes, mint, pumpkins, lettuce, spinach, parsley, beans, beetroot, tomatoes, carrots, coriander,
crops: aloes, aloes, mint, pumpkins, lettuce, spinach, Crops: mint, pumpkins, spinach, citrus trees parsley,lettuce, beans, beetroot, tomatoes, carrots, coriander, parsley, beans, beetroot, tomatoes, carrots, citrus trees materials: precast concrete slabs, 400mm by 400mm precast coriander, citrus trees concrete beams, concrete blocks, concrete fence
Detail Area 05: High-Yield Urban Garden
materials:
precast concrete slabs, 400mm 400mm posts,by wire fence precast
concrete beams, concrete blocks, concrete fence Materials: precast concrete slabs, 400 mm by residential adjacency posts, wire fence 400 mm precast concrete beams, concrete residential adjacency precedent: blocks, concrete fence posts, wire fence
[Viljoen 2005]
[Viljoen 2005]
organiponico pastorita cienfuegos
Detail Area 05: High-Yield Urban Garden precedent:
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 59 organiponico pastorita cienfuegos
10 m
iagram
One is n stantation primarovides ment to hape as s, resi-
a Community Supported Agriculture plot. By creating two distinct neighborhoods, residents of Nagayama-Suwa can choose from a variety of supported lifestyles.
Team Two: Building Resiliency
2008 Existing Condition
2030
The existing site is full of disconnected green areas and a homogenous building type. This leadsBy 2030 a public transit line efficiently connects the two changing neighborhoods to each to undifferentiated spaces that are unidentifiable and difficult for residents to orientate them- other and the greater region. A CSA at the east corner of the site provides food to both neighborhoods, creating a small food based economy and offsetting Nagayama_Suwa’s reselves within. liance on external resources. Densification begins near the station.
The existing site is full of disconnected green areas and a homogenous building type. This leads to undifferentiated spaces that are unidentifiable and difficult for residents to orientate themselves within. By 2030 a public transit line efficiently connects the two changing neighborhoods to each other and the greater region. A CSA at the east corner of the site provides food to both neighborhoods, creating a small food based economy and offsetting Nagayama_Suwa’s reliance on external resources. Densification begins near the station. In 2050, the changes implemented for a sustainable community in Nagayama-Suwa have attracted new lifestyle groups, creating a socially diverse community. The two neighborhoods, while still distinct in character and identity, begin to operate as a unified system, bolstering its self-sufficiency and resilience. The urban agriculture lifestyle and large recreational nature reserve, attract people from both inside and outside the metropolitan region. Density around the station and by new eco-industry to the South supoprt an efficient transportation system.
In 2050, the change attracted new lifes hoods, while still d bolstering its self-s reational nature re region. Density ar ficient transportati
o each o both
2050 In 2050, the changes implemented for a sustainable community in Nagayama-Suwa have INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design PAGE 61 attracted new lifestyle groups, creating a socially diverse community. The two neighbor-
a Horiuchi, Deborah Morris, Sarah Snider
030
WOMEN IN THE WORKPLACE
Team Three:Demographics Women in in 2050 Re-imagining Tama New Town Connie Chung, Chaly Koh, Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss
BACKGROUND Tama New Town was developed on a rigid patriarchal model of the bedroom community. In this model, the father
ORKPLACE
Tama New Town developed a rigidapatriarchal Demographic trends commuted intowas the city toonearn living for the family, while the mother reared tehir children in a healthy, safeof Japanese com- Working Women model of the bedroom community. In this model, the munity and an natural setting. father commuted into the city to earn a living for the family, while the mother reared theirWOMEN children in aIN THE WORKPLACE Now, Tama New Town is struggling. The Demographics demographic trends there are a reflection of trends in Japan at large, while in Tama New Town healthy, safe community and a naturalRe-imagining setting. the inflexible physical environment and aging building stock caonnot address the shifting needs of its residents or attract newNew demographics. By demographic addressing the question of changes in society and the workplacePROJECT with respect to FRAMEWORK Now, Tama Town is struggling. BACKGROUND The Tama New Town was developed on a rigid patriarchal model of the bedroom community. In this model, the women, a framework be increated address the challenges Tama Tew Town faces today to create a thriving, Support Networks trends there are a reflectioncan of trends Japan atthe cityto father commuted into to earn a living for the family, while reared their children in a sustainable community for environment years tothe mother come. Case Study: Scandinavia healthy, safe community large, while the inflexible physical andand a natural setting.
aphics in Tama New Town HE WORKPLACE
emographics in Tama New Town
Demographic trends of Japanese Working Women
•
Tama New Town is struggling. The demographic aging building stock cannot address theNow, shifting trends there are a reflection of trends in Japan at
•
chal needs of its residents or attract new demographics. athe rigid patriarchal By addressing the question of changes in society and In hethis model, the
•
Demographic trends of Japanese Working Women •
large, while the inflexible physical environment and aging building stock cannot address the shifting needs of its residents or attract new demographics.
the most vigorous social-welfare systems in Europe one of the highest fertility rates in Europe (1.8) accommodates advancing women and their families 75-80% of women work 54 weeks of maternity leave, as well as 6 weeks of paternity leave government payment of about 4,000 Euros with birth of child state-subsidized day care is standard
Connie Chun Laura Rushfel
PROJEC
PROJECT FRAMEW
The Japanese economy is witnessing an increasing number of women in the topic is particularly relevant to Japanese culture since traditionBy addressing the question of changes in society and ally women have remained out of the workforce after starting a family. Changing the workplace with respect to women, a framework cultural conceptions of women’s roles, as well as the basic need for additional labor Case Study: Italyout of the workforce after starting a family. Changing ally women have remained can be created to address the challenges Tama New pools, are resulting in an increasing number of women entering the workforce desociety prefers women to stay home after becoming mothers the workplace with respect to women, Town a framework rn a living for the faces today to create a thriving, sustainable spite the decreasing population. 50 of women work community for years to come. cultural conceptions ofonly women’s roles, as well as the basic need for additional labo little state-financed child care r children in a can be created to address the challenges Tama New Case Study: Japan is facing a shortage of skilled labor in their workers. Several demographic pools, are resulting in an increasing number ofCase women entering the workforce defactors contributing directly to this condition are outlined below. Due to this trend, it Study: Scandinavia ural setting. Town faces today to create a thriving, sustainable is becoming increasingly important for the Japanese economy to utilize the valuable • the most v spite the decreasing population. asset of working women and facilitate the entry of women into the workforce. • the most vigorous social-welfare s community for years to come. • one of the • one of the highest fertility rates in phic The demographic Applicability Topicslabor in their workers. Several demographic Japan is facing a shortage of and skilled • accommodates advancing women • accommo ds in Japan at Connie Chung, Koh, This research addresses four topics through the lens of areas factorsCha-ly contributing thisjust condition are Duework to this trend, i indirectly which significantto changes occur in order to support •the outlined 75-80%below. of women nvironment and • 75-80% o Demographic Factors Relating To Working Women movement of Women in the Workforce. Each of these 4 sub-topd is becoming increasingly important economy to utilize the valuable Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss ics are women into the workplace. for the Japanese 54Koh,weeks of maternity leave, as w Japanese family structures are changing. Japan is facing a population shortage. The percent increase in population from 1970-1910 is one of the Connie Chung, •Cha-ly s the shifting • 54 weeks WOMEN IN THE WORKPLACE lowest of all developed countries, and Japan is currently facing one of the largest population declines of any country from 2010-2050. This trend also Laurathe Rushfeldt, asset of working women and facilitate entry of6Weiss women the workforce. 1. Public Services •Erica weeks ofinto paternity leave Japan’s average age of the population, which is rising sharply. The labor force will soon be unable to support the growing aging population. A w demographics. 2. Urban Environments Re-imagining affects Demographics in Tama New Town greater percentage of women will need to enter the workforce to compensate for this deficit. • 6 weeks o The Japanese economy is witnessing an increasing number of women3.4. Home-Work in the • government payment of about 4,0 cs. Local Resources The declining marriage and birthrate numbers in Japan have shifted traditional family demographics. The average household size has decreased from The Japanese economy is witnessing increasing of women in the workforce. This topic is particularly relevant to an Japanese culturenumber sinceWomen traditionBACKGROUND 2.55 to 3.43 over the last 25 years. PROJECT FRAMEWORK • care governme • state-subsidized day is stand in the Workforce is a lens to address the questions of ges in society and New Town. Our model will not address only one type of ally women have remained of the workforce after starting a family.Tama Changing workforce. This topic out is particularly relevant to Japanese culture since Support Networks women in the workforce. It will addresstraditionsingle women, older • state-subs en, a framework and women, married women, and mothers. By viewing social, ecocultural conceptions women’s roles, as the well workforce as the basic need additional labor nomic, ecological, and spatial questions through this lens,Case a Study: Italy ally women haveofremained out of afterfor starting a family. Changing enges Tama New framework will be created that addresses not only the needs of ork pools, are resulting in an increasing number of women entering the workforce dewomen, but all demographics. • society prefers women to stay hom g, sustainable cultural conceptions of women’s roles, as well as the basic need for additional labor Case Study: spite the decreasing population. ew • only 50 of women work Support Networks pools, are resulting in an increasing number of women entering the workforce desociety YOUTH SINGLE MARRIED MOTHERS • little state-financed• child care pr & WOMEN WOMEN spite isthe decreasing Japan facing a shortagepopulation. of skilled labor in their workers. Several demographic Case Study: Scandinavia ELDERLY • only 50 of • the most vigorous social-welfare systems in Europe factorsshortage. contributing this condition are outlined Due tois this Japanese family structures are changing. Japan is facing a population Thedirectly percenttoincrease in population from below. 1970-1910 one trend, of the it • little state • one of the highest fertility rates in Europe (1.8) is of becoming increasingly important for the country Japanese economy to utilizeThis thetrend valuable lowest of all developed countries, and Japan is currently facing one the largest population declines of any from 2010-2050. also Japan is facing a shortage of skilled labor in their workers. Several demographic • accommodates advancing women and their families ALL DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS assetThe of working women and facilitate of women into the workforce. affects Japan’s average age of the population, which is rising sharply. labor force will soon be unablethetoentry support the growing aging population. A
or
• •
The Japanese economy is witnessing an increasing number of women in the
Demographic trends ofisJapanese Working Women workforce. This topic particularly relevant to Japanese culture since traditionworkforce. This
• •
• •
Support
Support Networks
•
Tama New Town was developed on a rigid patriarchal model of the bedroom community. In this model, the father commuted into the city to earn a living for the family, while the mother reared their children in a healthy, safe community and a natural setting.
PROJECT FRAMEWORK
Demographic trends of Japanese Working Women
• •
The Japanese economy is witnessing an increasing number of women in the
Demographic Factors Relating To Working Women
Japanese Household structures workforce. This topic is particularly relevant to Japanese culture since tradition-
By addressing the question of changes in society and the workplace with respect to women, a framework can be created to address the challenges Tama New Town faces today to create a thriving, sustainable community for years to come.
ally women have remained out of the workforce after starting a family. Changing cultural conceptions of women’s roles, as well as the basic need for additional labor pools, are resulting in an increasing number of women entering the workforce despite the decreasing population.
Projected change in the working-age population (15-64)
• • • • •
Case Study: Scandinavia the most vigorous social-welfare systems in Europe one of the highest fertility rates in Europe (1.8) accommodates advancing women and their families • 75-80% of women work • 54 weeks of maternity leave, as well as • 6 weeks of paternity leave • government payment of about 4,000 Euros with birth of child • state-subsidized day care is standard •
Now, Tama New Town is struggling. The demographic trends there are a reflection of trends in Japan at large, while the inflexible physical environment and aging building stock cannot address the shifting needs of its residents or attract new demographics.
Japan is facing a shortage of skilled labor in their workers. Several demographic factors contributing directly to this condition are outlined below. Due to this trend, it is becoming increasingly important for the Japanese economy to utilize the valuable asset of working women and facilitate the entry of women into the workforce.
Case Study: Italy • society prefers women to stay home after becoming mothers • only 50 of women work • little state-financed child care
Attitudes of Japanese Women Towards Work and Family
75-80% of women work and Topics factors contributing directly to thisApplicability condition are outlined below. Due to this trend, it greater women 54 weekspercentage of maternity of leave, as wellwill as need to enter the workforce to compensate for this deficit. This research addresses four topics through the lens of areas in which significant changes just occur in order to support the economy to utilize the valuable is becoming increasingly important for the Japanese Demographic Factors Relating To Working Women movement of Women in the Workforce. Each of these 4 sub-top6 weeks of paternity leave Advanced Japan Design Workshop Fall 2008 ics are women into the workplace. Japanese family structures are changing. Japan is facing a population shortage. The percent increase in population from 1970-1910 is one of the of working women and The facilitate the entry of women into the workforce. lowest of all Euros developed countries, and birth Japan is currently facing one of the largest population declines ofasset any country from 2010-2050. This trend also government payment of about with of child 1. Public Services household size has decreased from The declining marriage and4,000 birthrate numbers inis rising Japan family demographics. average affects Japan’s average age of the population, which sharply. The have labor force willshifted soon be unable to traditional support the growing aging population. A 2. Urban Environments greater percentage of women will need to enter the workforce to compensate for this deficit. state-subsidized day care is standard 3. Home-Work 2.55 to 3.43 over the last 25 years. Changes in Japanese Household Composition
Applicability and Topics
The declining marriage and birthrate numbers in Japan have shifted traditional family demographics. The average household size has decreased from 2.55 to 3.43 over the last 25 years.
Case Study: Italy • society prefers women to stay home after becoming mothers • only 50 of women work • little state-financed child care
ating To Working Women
nging. Japan is facing a population shortage. The percent increase in population from 1970-1910 is one of the it Japan is currently facing one of the largest population declines of any country from 2010-2050. This trend also nd e population, which is rising sharply. The labor force will soon be unable to support the growing aging population. A eed to enter the workforce to compensate for this deficit. Japanese Household structures
4. Local Resources
Women in the Workforce is a lens to address the questions of Tama New Town. Our model will not address only one type of women in the workforce. It will address single women, older women, married women, and mothers. By viewing social, economic, ecological, and spatial questions through this lens, a framework will be created that addresses not only the needs of women, but all demographics.
SINGLE WOMEN
MARRIED WOMEN
MOTHERS
YOUTH & ELDERLY
This research addresses four topics th in which significant changes just occu movement of Women in the Workforce ics are women into the workplace.
Applicab
This research
1. Public Services in which signi 2. Urban Environments ALL DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS movement of 3. Home-Work 4. Local Resources ics are wome eisnumbers Japan have shifted traditional demographics. The average household size has decreased from Advanced Design Workshop Fall 2008 facing Lack ain population shortage. Thefamily percent increase in important population from 1970-1910 isfertility one of rates the Japan Japanese Household structures of support for women is an factor for both and women-employment rates in develApplicability andnetworks Topics urrently facing of the largest declines of any country trend alsomodel that supports all types of women, Women in the Workforce is a lens to a opedone countries, suchpopulation as in Scandinavia versus Italy.from By 2010-2050. designing aThis community 1. Public Ser Tama New Town. Our model will not a hich is rising The labor force willfor soon unable to support the growing aging and population. A the design will be allbe groups, both Male Female. This sharply. research addresses foursucessful topics through the lens ofdemographic areas 2. Urban Env in which changesfor justthis occurdeficit. in order to support the women in the workforce. It will addre he workforce to significant compensate movement of Women in the Workforce. Each of these 4 sub-top3. and Home-Wo women, married women, mothers ics are women into the workplace. nomic, ecological, and4.spatial question Local Reso Japan have Projected shiftedchange traditional familypopulation demographics. The average household size has decreased from in the working-age (15-64) framework will be created that addres
Working Women
Projected change in the working-age population (15-64)
Changes in Japanese Household Composition
Attitudes of Japanese Women Towards Work and Family
?@/
HOME
OFFICE
Changing household and family structures, and a reliance upon a public support services system are conducive to diversified populations and housing types, and PATH PATH mixed-use neighborhoods that meet the future needs of Tama New Town through the principles of conservation, generation, and flexibility, at a human scale.
WORK
SCHOOL YARDS
STATION
OPEN LAND
Case Study, Japanese Convenience Stores STREETS
SCHOOL YARDS MULTIGARDENING PURPOSE CENTER
CENTER DAYCARE
;!55*0$#%&</=-)3+.0#%&</%-)/;!553-#.'/>%$#&#.#*+/ SENIOR
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.!6-/4!3+*/(/1%02#-,/&!./
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4. WALKUP (NEW)
4. WALKUP (NEW)
Density: Density: 61 units / 61 ha units / ha Site Coverage: .20 Site Coverage: .20 F.A.R.: F.A.R.: .78 .78
RETAIL ATTACHED TO RESIDENCE
LIGHT INDUSTRY COMMUNITY RESOURCE
CONVENIENCE RETAIL BIG BOX RETAIL
DAY CARE PRE SCHOOL KINDERGARTEN
OFFICE
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139&#$/+$4!!&/ &#,4./#-)3+.0'/
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$!553-#.'/0*+!30$*/ Rather than design housing NewDAYCARE housing communities will be based 4*%&.4/"%$#&#.#*+/ on a neighborhood Density: Density: 120 units 120 / ha units / ha as a single )%'/$%0*:10*(+$4!!&:/ Site Coverage: .19 4*%7'/#-)3+.0'/ $&!+*)/"%$#&#.'/ Site Coverage: .19 homogenous zone, overlay of uses and dismodel, creating more flexibility Laura Rushfeldt, Erica9#,/9!8/0*.%#&/ Weiss 2#-)*0,%0.*-/ and mixed uses on a local F.A.R.: F.A.R.: .94 Wilhelmmodels Klauser has of studied the Tokyo convenience store in â&#x20AC;&#x153;Patterns of Proximityâ&#x20AC;?. The diagrams persal of amenities .94 are needed to make the scale to createshop a community -new proximities -work, live, andfabric. farm in one location above illustrate with the flexibility of BUILDING model of amenities,MULTIrather than large, centralized re- COMMUNITY city fabric function at a finer grain to foster OPEN LAND Existing Housing Stock GARDENING ATHLETIC -flexibility ofonemodel, rathera than large centralized regions -flexibility of model, rather than large centralized regions gions. a sense of community within the different PURPOSE CENTER GARDENS CENTER â&#x20AC;˘ Much of housing is dilapidated Advanced Japan Design Workshop OFFICE Advanced Japan Design Workshop FAR, Densities, and Mobility (Image from â&#x20AC;&#x153;Patterns of Proximity:â&#x20AC;? (Wilhelm Klauser: Die Waren Welten, Berlin, 2003) neighborhoods of Nagayama. July 2008 July 2008 â&#x20AC;˘ Vacancy is widespread due to quality, inaccessibility, and overstock
NVIRONMENTS RVICES
Amenities in one location 5#8*)/3+*:$!51&*8/0*.%#&/
PUBLIC SERVICES
â&#x20AC;˘
urrent zoning and FAR, Densities, and Mobility Service: Childcare NEW â&#x20AC;&#x153;NEIGHBORHOODâ&#x20AC;? School re-use case study: Yasuragi Kouryuukan, Namino, Kyushu eTH HOUSING GROWTH
Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weia This demographic group has since increased elderly care in the near future.
PUBLIC SERVICES
School re-use case study: Yasuragi Kouryuukan, Namino, Kyushu
CURRENT MODEL
NEW MODELS
HOME
HOME
Need for Public Service: Childcare
HOME OFFICE
LAND RESERVE BOUNDARY
AREA FOR
D and Elderly Care NEW GROWTH I S T A D NI C S Source: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Japan ET A In April 2004, there were 22,570 day care centers, of which 12,090 PUBLIC FACILITY were government run and 10,480 were privately operated in Japan. N After: Exterior HUB Projective Diagram: New Mobility Model C In 2004, centers were at 97.1% capacity. Source: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Japan E exhaustive commuting habits are long Current To encourage higher birthrate, there needs to be higher number of child PATH
PATH
STAIRS
BUILDING
NEW ENVIRONMENTS CURRENT MODEL
School re-use case study: Yasuragi Kouryuukan, Namino, Kyushu
Advanced Japan
NEW OFFICE MODELS
HOME
HOME
STATION PATH
PATH
HOME
OFFICE
STAIRS TRAIN
Case Studies ISOLATED
SINGLE HOUSING TYPE
SINGLE Source: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Japan MENTS HOUSING day care centers, of which 12,090 TYPE 0 were privately operated in Japan. URRENT NEW
ere needs toHOME be higher number of childHOME MENTS
10 minutes walk
MIX-USE DEVELOPMENT 5 minutes walk
Before: Exterior
ISOLATED This case study compares the density within Paris to the density of Parisian PUBLIC planned suburbs. The open space in the FACILITY city center of Paris is 28%, versus 82
Current Mobility within Tama New Town
Figure 3: 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 20 minutes walk range of a 65-69 year old individual taking into account the topography and road network of Nagayama 20 minutes walk
percent in a Paris mid-to-high-rise condition Case Study, similar to Tama New Town.
.
5, 10, and 20 minute foot mobility, taking 6 10 minutes walk into consideration topography of 5the site and minutes walk overlaid on the currentMIX-USE street grid.
DEVELOPMENT Current Mobility within Tama New Town
Figure 3: 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 20 minutes walk range of a 65-69 year old indi-
vidual taking into account the topography and road network of Nagayama This case study compares the density 5, 10, and 20 minute foot mobility, taking 6 within Paris to the density of Parisian into consideration topography of the site and overlaid on the current street grid. OFFICE planned suburbs. The open space in the city center of Paris is 28%, versus 82 percent in a mid-to-high-rise condition similar to Tama New Town.
urrent location models; distances, proximities HOME
NEW MODELS PATH
HOME
FARMBefore: Elementary School Hall
After: Ex
Before: Exterior
After: Ex
BUILDING OFFICE TRAIN
STATION
Sources of Japanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Food Imports, 2000
STREETS
and inflexible for working parents. New models care centers the region. BUILDING In April 2004,inthere were 22,570 day care centers, of which 12,090 of closer-proximityOFFICE work or home work allowPUBLIC for FACILITY were government run and 10,480 were privately operated in Japan. needed flexibility and provide a more sustain-HUB able model.Diagram: New Mobility Model Projective In 2004, centers were at 97.1% capacity. Current exhaustive commuting habits are long and inflexible for working parents. New models of closer-proximity work or home work allow for needed flexibility and provide a more sustainable model.
WORK
To encourage higher birthrate, there needs to be higher number of child care centers in the region.
T
Before: Elementary School Hall
After: Training Center for Pottery M
Before: Elementary School Hall
After: Training Center for Pottery M
LIVE
After: Training CenterCHILDCARE for Pottery Making
OFFICE
OFFICE
Before: Exterior
STREETS STATION
Unattended Delivery Units (UDUs), VarmSCHOOL da, CENTER Sweden WORK+LIVE+SHOP+FARM
Tango Housing Complex, Malmo, Sweden urrent location models; distances, proximities HOME BUILDING
OFFICE
STREET
Case Study, Paris
opment. This creates a homogenous landscape that lacks MODEL MODELS capacity.
Source: Foo
BUILDING
STATION
20 minutes walk
PUBLIC FACILITY
opment. This creates a homogenous landscape that lacks .
HOME STAIRS
The ratio of elderly persons who are bedridden, care , or Connie are above 85Chung, as of 1994. Cha-ly Ko
Density: Density: 138 units 138 / ha units / ha Site Coverage: .09 Site Coverage: .09 F.A.R.: F.A.R.: .75 .75
Need for Public Service: Seismically unsound; Japanese regulations will requireChildcare replacement
STREET
PATH
Connie Chung, Cha-ly Ko Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Wei
NEW â&#x20AC;&#x153;NEIGHBORHOODâ&#x20AC;? urban LANDenvironment RESERVE AREAswaths FORdensity background research: and â&#x20AC;˘ BOUNDARY Housing exists in large of land that are not served well or in close proximity to services or transit andmono-use Elderly Care HOUSING GROWTH NEW GROWTH NEW ENVIRONMENTS
URRENT MODEL
LOCA
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1%02/$!--*$.!0/1%.4+
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Density: Density: 70 units / 70 ha units / ha Site Coverage: .26 Site Coverage: .26 F.A.R.: F.A.R.: .78 .78
C1*-/D1%$* !""#$#%&&'()*+#,-%.*)/ )#+.0#$./1%02 !""#$#%&&'()*+#,-%.*)/ !1*-/+1%$* #-+.#.3.#!-%&/ !1*-/+1%$* 3-)*+#,-%.*)/ !1*-/+1%$*
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+#-,&*/"%5#&'/ .!6-/4!3+*//(/)0#7*6%'/
NVIRONMENTS gining Demographics in Tama New Town
urrent zoning and
A!3+#-,/B'1!&!,#*+
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5. WALKUP (OLD)
COMMUNITY CENTER
CENTER
3. TOWNHOUSE (MAISONETTE)
?EE ?E/
The house becomes a self-sustaining entity that capitalizes on the potential of technology and renewable resources. Users save valuableSCHOOL time and energy with TRAIN YARDS new technologies that allow them to hook into, or offEVENING of, the network as needed, CLOSED GOVERNMENT EDUCATION enablingHIGH-SCHOOL the house itself to become PRIMARAY a center of production and generator of the CENTER SCHOOL resources required to sustain Tama New Town: labor, energy, food, and children.
SCHOOL YARDS
3. TOWNHOUSE (MAISONETTE)
FARM
BUILDING
EDUCATION
Density: Density: 56 units / 56 ha units / ha Site Coverage: .28 Site Coverage: .28 F.A.R.: F.A.R.: .57 .57
WORK
D I S T A N N IN THE WORKPLACE C gining Demographics in Tama New Town Connie Chung, Cha-ly Koh, E N IN THE WORKPLACE Case study: Japanese Convenience stores PRIMARAY SCHOOL
2. TO Density: Density: 33 units / 33 ha units / ha Site Coverage: .30 Site Coverage: .30 F.A.R.: F.A.R.: .61 .61
There is a need for new housing STAIRS types and mixes. Building structures must OFFICE be at once flexible and durable. The hefty carbon load imputed to brand-new construction cannot be ignored. Meanwhile, the current housing stock at STREET Tama New Town is largely unsustainable (in terms of durability and universal accessibility) and seismically untenable. Thus, it is understood that updating the housing stock will require an investment in predominantly new structures the embodied energy of which will not be wasted as Tama New Town evolves over STATION EVENING time andCLOSED populations. GOVERNMENT HIGH-SCHOOL
2. TO
HOUSING DENS
HOME
HOUSING DENSI
similar to Tama New Town.
Proximities: Current location models; distances, proximities Housing densities must adapt to changing needs and diversified populations. HOME
5. WALKUP (OLD)
MODEL MODELS transforms user housing needs, and the way people move through, and among, the home-zones.
NURSING
STREET PATH
PATH
STAIRS
BUILDING
STATION
OFFICE
WORK FARM
WORK FARM
SHOP LIVE
CHILDCARE SCHOOL
CENTER WORK+LIVE+SHOP+FARM NURSING
STREET
WORK
TRAIN
SHOP
STATION
TRAIN
nience Stores STREETS
LIVE
Before: Classrooms on the Second Floor
STATION
#OMMERCIAL )NDUSTRIAL AND #OMMUNITY &ACILITIES RETAIL ATTACHED TO RESIDENCE CONVENIENCE RETAIL
LIGHT INDUSTRY COMMUNITY RESOURCE
BIG BOX RETAIL
DAY CARE PRE SCHOOL KINDERGARTEN
OFFICE
PUBLIC SCHOOL
MIXED USE COMPLEX RETAIL
UNIVERISITY
HEAVY INDUSTRY
HEALTH FACILITIES
After: Tatami and Bunk Accommodation
This elementary school in Namino, Kyushu was thought of as a regional facility that is central to the community of the region. The residents were Case study: Namino, Kyushu Elementary School emotionally attached to the facility and could bear tocommunities see the closing school. school was a branch Rather of five elementary than designschools housingand as aclosed single Newnothousing willofbethe based on aThe neighborhood
CLOSED FACILITY
SHOP LIVEflexibility due to low fertility rates and admission from children in themore region. The school was finally converted a training center that zone, catersoverlay for 5000 per year homogenous ofyear uses and dis-converted into a training center that caters forinto5000 people per model, creating and mixed uses on a local the Tokyo convenience store in â&#x20AC;&#x153;Patterns of Proximityâ&#x20AC;?.and Thehas diagrams accommodation facilities. Facilities include a cafeteria, a kitchen, a great hall, a large public bath and tatami the second persalaccommodations of amenities are on needed to make the scale to create a community fabric. -facilities tatami flexibility of BUILDING a model of amenities, rather than large, centralized floor. re- include cafeteria, kitchen, great hall, public citybath, fabric function at a finer grainarea to foster STATION
The ratio of elderly persons who are bedridden, in need of long term
care , or are above 85elderly as of 1994. population in time Increasing
#OMMERCIAL )NDUSTRIAL AND #OMMUNITY &ACILITIES RETAIL ATTACHED TO RESIDENCE
OFFICE are bedridden, need of long term Welten, Berlin, 2003) ximity:â&#x20AC;? (Wilhelmin Klauser: Die Waren 4. nience Stores STREETS
Before: Classrooms on the Second Floor
SHOP
FARM
LIGHT INDUSTRY
This demographic group has since increased and would require more elderly care in the near future.
CONVENIENCE RETAIL
COMMUNITY RESOURCE
BIG BOX RETAIL
DAY CARE PRE SCHOOL KINDERGARTEN
OFFICE
PUBLIC SCHOOL
MIXED USE COMPLEX RETAIL
UNIVERISITY
HEAVY INDUSTRY
HEALTH FACILITIES
a sense of community within the different neighborhoods of Nagayama.
CLOSED FACILITY
Japanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Food imports
The ratio of elderly persons who are bedridden, in need of long term care , or are above 85 as of 1994.
Advan
background research: reuse of public facilities and land reserves
nce increased and would require more the Tokyo convenience store in â&#x20AC;&#x153;Patterns of Proximityâ&#x20AC;?. The diagrams flexibility of BUILDING a model of amenities, rather than large, centralized re-
New housing communities will be based on a neighborhood model, creating more flexibility and mixed uses on a local scale to create a community fabric.
OFFICE
ximity:â&#x20AC;? (Wilhelm Klauser: Die Waren Welten, Berlin, 2003)
Japan Design Workshop Fall 2008
Rather than design housing as a single homogenous zone, overlay of uses and dispersal of amenities are needed to make the city fabric function at a finer grain to foster a sense of community within the different neighborhoods of Nagayama.
After: Tatami and Bunk Accommod
This elementary school in Namino, Kyushu was thought of as a regional facility that is central to the community of the region. The residents were emotionally attached to the facility and could not bear to see the closing of the school. The school was a branch of five elementary schools and close due to low fertility rates and admission from children in the region. The school was finally converted into a training center that caters for 5000 per ye and has accommodation facilities. Facilities include a cafeteria, a kitchen, a great hall, a large public bath and tatami accommodations on the secon floor. Before: Classrooms on the Second Floor After: Tatami and Bunk Accommod Sour This elementary school in Namino, Kyushu was thought of as a regional facility that is central to the community of the region. The residents were emotionally attached to the facility and could not bear to see the closing of the school. The school was a branch of five elementary schools and close due to low fertility rates and admission from children in the region. The school was finally converted into a training center that caters for 5000 per ye and has accommodation facilities. Facilities include a cafeteria, a kitchen, a great hall, a large public bath and tatami accommodations on the secon floor.
This demographic group has since increased and would require more elderly care in the near future.
Advanced Japan Design Workshop Fall 2008 Advanced Japan Design Workshop Fall 2008
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 63
IN THE WORKPLACE
ning Demographics in Tama New Town
Team Three: Women in 2050
WOMEN IN THE WORKPLACE
CENARIO Re-imagining Demographics in Tama New Town
Growth scenario velopment:
GROWTH 1. current facilitiesSCENARIO
2. creating public service hubs
3. housing neighborhoods
4
3. housing neighborhoods
4. encouraging
Time-lapse development: 1. current facilities
2. creating public service hubs
#OMMERCIAL )NDUSTRIAL AND #OMMUNITY &ACILITIES
#OMMERCIAL )NDUSTRIAL AND #OMMUNITY &ACILITIES RETAIL ATTACHED TO RESIDENCE RETAIL ATTACHED TO RESIDENCE CONVENIENCE RETAIL BIG BOX RETAIL
LIGHT INDUSTRY
LIGHT INDUSTRY COMMUNITY RESOURCE
CONVENIENCE RETAIL
DAY CARE PRE SCHOOL
BIG BOX RETAIL
COMMUNITY RESOURCE OFFICE
PUBLIC SCHOOL
MIXED USE COMPLEX RETAIL DAY CARE PRE SCHOOL
UNIVERISITY
OFFICE
PUBLIC SCHOOL
MIXED USE COMPLEX RETAIL
UNIVERISITY
HEAVY INDUSTRY
HEALTH FACILITIES
RESIDENTIAL
CLOSED FACILITY
HEAVY INDUSTRY
HEALTH FACILITIES
RESIDENTIAL
CLOSED FACILITY
EMPLOYMENT DEMOGRAPHICS Employment demographics A Sustainable Community through 2050
NT DEMOGRAPHICS
As the needs of Tama New Town shift with the constantly-evolving population, the shape of the built environment must respond by expanding in times of growth (or contracting due to shrinkage). What is not depicted here is the undeveloped land area, covered in the section â&#x20AC;&#x153;Land Boundaryâ&#x20AC;? else
through 2050 w Town shift with the constantly-evolving population, the shape of the built environment must respond by expanding in times of growth (or contracting due to shrinkage). What is not depicted here is the undeveloped land area, covered in the section â&#x20AC;&#x153;Land B children
children
Demographics
children married women, not working
children
total population: 8,600 working: 29% non-working: 71% elderly working part-timeworking women: zero married working men
elderly, not working
married women, not working
2010
2010
Lifestyle
married working men
total population: 8,600 working: 29% non-working: 71% working women: zero
married women, not working
elderly working part-time
married women, not working
married women working part-time
elderly, not working
total population: 9,600 working: 47% non-working: 53% working women: 890 addition of: married women working PT elderly people working PT overall population growth: 12%
total population: 9,600 working: 47% non-working: 53% working women: 890 addition of: married women working PT elderly people working PT overall population growth: 12%
single working women married women working full-time
single working men
married working men
2020
married women working part-time
elderly, not working
2030
married women working full-time
single working men
married working men
2020
single working women
2030
total population: 11,300 working: 56% non-working: 44% working women: 2,100 addition of: married women working FT single working women and men overall population growth: 17%
total population: 11,300 working: 56% non-working: 44% working women: 2,100 addition of: married women working FT single working women and men overall population growth: 17%
married men working from home (full-time)
20 married men working from home (full-time)
5. boundaries and directed growth to prevent sprawl
4. encouraging mixed-use growth
Connie Chung, Cha-ly Koh, Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss
5. boundaries and directed growth to prevent sprawl
4. encouraging mixed-use growth
undeveloped land area, covered in the section “Land Boundary” elsewhere.
undeveloped land area, covered in the section “Land Boundary” elsewhere.
en me ime
total population: 11,300 working: 56% total population: 11,300 non-working: working: 56% 44% non-working: 44% 2,100 working women: working women: 2,100 addition of: addition of: married women working FT married women working FT single working women and men single working women and men overall population growth: 17% 17% overall population growth:
married men working from home (full-time)
married men working from home (full-time)
2040
married women working from home (full-time)
total population: 12,400 married men choosing not to work working: 62% total population: 12,400 working: 62% non-working: 38% non-working: 38% working women:married 2,900 men married women working women: 2,900 working part-time working from home addition addition of: married women and men working full-of: married women and men working full(full-time) time from home time from home overall population growth: 10% overall population growth: 10%
2050
2040
married men choosing not to work
total population: 13,000 working: 64% non-working: 36% married men working women: 3,300 addition of: working part-time married men working PT married men electing not to work overall population growth: 12 %
2050
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
Advanced Japan Design Workshop Fall 2008
total population: 13,000 working: 64% non-working: 36% working women: 3,300 addition of: married men working PT married men electing not to work overall population growth: 12 %
PAGE 65
ORKPLACE
[ELDERLY]
SOCIAL SERVICE HUB MODEL The central tenet of this new model is the social service hub. The hub is created by building up and re-purposing existing public facilities to create flexible, multi-purpose service centers within Nagayama. School-properties have been chosen due to their pre-existing visibility and importance in the community as well as their available land for use and development.
SENIOR CENTER [ELDERLY]
Town in Tama New Town aphics Team Three: Women in 2050
ODEL
1.
rvice hub. g existing vice cenn chosen the comevelopconditions
MIN 50%
one program or use group.
SOCIAL SERVICE HUB PARAMETERS Spatial overlaps
4.
Overlap MIN 50% MIN 50% DAYCARE OVERLAP 50% of built space[CHILDREN] should OVERLAP accommodate more than one program or use group.
MIN 50% OVERLAP SENIOR CENTER
1.
1.
SENIOR CENTER [ELDERLY]
[CHILDREN] 3. DAYCARE [CHILDREN]
3.
SENIOR CENTER [ELDERLY]
2.
2.
SENIOR CENTER [ELDERLY] [ELDERLY]
COMMUNITY CENTER
DAYCARE [CHILDREN]
COMMUNITY CENTER
DAYCARE [CHILDREN]
Current public service conditions
MIN 50%
SENIOR CENTER OVERLAP Space can overlap uses in 3 ways: [ELDERLY]
primary school
50% Program Overlap Connie Chung,MIN Cha-ly Koh, Proximity 50% DAYCARE 2. model Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss 50% of built space should ConnieCENTER Chung, Cha-ly Koh, [CHILDREN] OVERLAP accommodate more than Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss 1.daycare Spaces that are sharedSENIOR withinCENTER SENIOR CENTER MIN 50% [ELDERLY] [ELDERLY] one yards building simultaneously; school SENIOR CENTER OVERLAP 2. Spaces that stack[ELDERLY] vertically evening education 3. Spaces that change in use over community center of the day or week.1. the course COMMUNITY
3.
transit center
User should be able to access spaces for all
SENIOR center CENTER government [ELDERLY]
SOCIAL SERVICE HUB PARAMETERS MIN 50% SOCIAL SERVICE HUB PARAMETERS MIN 50% 50% Program OVERLAP
1. 2. 1.
MIN 50% CENTER OVERLAPCOMMUNITY MIN 50% CENTER OVERLAP
nd mix rporate be resonditions currently eonditions used to
OVERLAP
Overlap 50% Program Proximity MIN 50% 1. DAYCARE 3. DAYCARE COMMUNITY of built space[CHILDREN] should [CHILDREN]50% Overlap CENTER model OVERLAP accommodate MIN 50% more than [CHILDREN]
SENIOR CENTER [ELDERLY]
1.
1.
3.
2.
MIN 50% OVERLAP
Spatial overlaps
MINcan 50% Space overlap uses in 3 ways:
3. 30% Unbuilt space Spatial overlaps SENIOR CENTER 1.OVERLAP Spaces that are shared within DAYCARE COMMUNITY one simultaneously; Space overlap uses [ELDERLY] 30%building ofcan space in the hubinis3 ways: [CHILDREN] CENTER
Analysis of program-use groups to determine potential spatial overlaps
primary school daycare
SENIOR CENTER [ELDERLY]
4. 5. 4.
MIN 50% OVERLAP
3.
Intimate Open Space scale OPEN
school yards 2. stack vertically 1. Spacesunbuilt that are within reserved forshared outdoor OPEN 1. 3. DAYCARE Userprogram should be able to one or use group. 50% of built space should SENIOR CENTER 3. Spaces that change in use over one building simultaneously; Paths and plazas within the evening education CENTER gathering spaces, school yards, 2. 30%an in30% SENIOR SENIOR CENTER access spaces for[CHILDREN] allthan 2. hub should maintain accommodate more the coursethat ofgardening, the dayvertically or and week. 2. Spaces stack [ELDERLY] MIN 50% small-scale community center [ELDERLY] timate scale. These spaces [ELDERLY] three use groups. This one program orcenter use group. 3. Spaces thatuses. change in makes use over other similar This should provide adequate transit OVERLAP SENIOR CENTER 1. 3. access should be from 2. 2.of the day or week. OVERLAP space for a maximum of 50 the courseuse SENIOR CENTER MIN 50% effective of space surroundgovernment center [ELDERLY] DAYCARE2. COMMUNITY any point within the hub people to gather. MIN 50% [ELDERLY] [CHILDREN] CENTER DAYCARE ing the buildings, by keeping the COMMUNITY athletic center OVERLAP in less than a 2 minute [CHILDREN] CENTER DAYCARE OVERLAP COMMUNITY SENIOR CENTER space functional MIN 50% 1. while control3. complete lifestyle. The easy access of the support network allows women to function DAYCARE multi-purpose center COMMUNITY SENIOR CENTER walk. [CHILDREN] [CHILDREN] CENTER [ELDERLY] CENTER 1. the density and scale of the 3. ling OVERLAP OPEN a woman’s life. The key to maintaining a sustainable population in Nagayama is mixing DAYCARE gardening center DAYCARE COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY [ELDERLY] MIN 50% 30% hub. user group is an inefficient use of resources because much of the time these resources 2. [CHILDREN] [CHILDREN] CENTER 1. 3. SENIOR CENTER CENTER senior center OVERLAP OPEN SENIOR CENTER me of day assures that resources are used efficiently and a sense of community is creCENTER 50%SENIOR 30% [ELDERLY] MIN[ELDERLY] User should be able to [ELDERLY] 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 SENIOR CENTER SENIOR CENTER OVERLAP SENIOR CENTER accessOPEN spaces for all SENIOR CENTER MIN 50% 2. Analysis of program-use times to determine potential spatial overlaps Analysis of program-use groups to determine potential spatial overlaps 50% [ELDERLY] 1. 3. [ELDERLY] MIN OVERLAP[ELDERLY] 30% [ELDERLY] 1. 3. three use groups. This
SOCIAL SERVICE HUB PARAMETERS SOCIAL SERVICE HUB PARAMETERS 50% Program
COMMUNITY SENIOR CENTER CENTER [ELDERLY] MIN 50%
MIN 50% OVERLAP
OVERLAP Connie Chung, Cha-ly Koh, Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss Connie Chung, Cha-ly Koh, Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss
4. 5.
COMM CE
groups. This one program or three useuseshould group. access be from
athletic center
MIN 50% 2. any point within the hub multi-purpose center DAYCARE SENIOR CENTER COMMUNITY in less than a 2 minute OVERLAP OPEN [CHILDREN] CENTER DAYCARE COMMUNITY The concept of the social service hub is to provide all the necessary amenities for a vibrant and complete lifestyle. The easy access of the support network allows women walk. [ELDERLY] 30% to function CENTERgardening center [CHILDREN] seamlessly between the workplace and the home. These amenities vary for different stages of a woman’s life. The key to maintaining a sustainable population in Nagayama is mixing DAYCARE DAYCARE COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY the different demographic groups within the hub. Allocating one set of resources towards one user group is an inefficient use of resources because much of the time these resources senior center MIN 50% SENIOR CENTER [CHILDREN] [CHILDREN] CENTER SENIOR CENTER CENTER are under- or non-utilized. the space based on user-group and time of day assures that resources are used efficiently and a sense of community is creOVERLAP [ELDERLY]Overlapping programs within 1. 3. ated between different residential demographic groups. [ELDERLY] 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 MIN 50% SENIOR CENTER 1. 3. COMMUNITY [ELDERLY] OVERLAPDAYCARE Analysis of program-use times to determine potential spatial overlaps
Hub Demographic Parameters
e place s, playarea, The area live.
OVERLAP
OVERLAP
1. CENTER
OVERLAPCOMMUNITY CENTER
[ELDERLY]
1
the different demographic groups within the hub. Allocating one OVERLAP set of resources towards one user group is an inefficient use of resources because much of the time these resourc 2 MIN 50% are under- or non-utilized. Overlapping programs within the space based on user-group and time of day assures that resources MIN 50% are used efficiently and a sense of community is cr MIN 50% ated between different residential demographic groups. OVERLAP DAYCARE COMMUNITY
OVERLAP MIN 50% 50% Program
MIN 50% OVERLAP
4.
Overlap MIN 50% DAYCARE COMMUNITY 50%network of built space should The concept of the social service hub is to provide all the necessary amenities for a vibrant and complete lifestyle. The easy access of the support allows women to functio [CHILDREN] CENTER OVERLAP accommodate more than seamlessly between the workplace and the home. These amenities MINvary 50%for different stages of a woman’s life. The key to maintaining a sustainable population in Nagayama is mix
Current public service conditions
Research has been done into how to re-purpose and mix uses within existing school buildings, and also incorporate COMMUNITY SENIOR CENTER new construction. Although some open land must be re-CENTER [ELDERLY] tained for ball-fields and other school uses, there is currently an over-abundance of underutilized land that canCENTER be used to SENIOR create a service-hub.
Town Town
1.
Hub Demographic Parameters
SERVICE HUB PARAMETERS OVERLAP Social Service Hub Model SOCIAL and Parameters MIN 50% By providing many public and social services in one place (school, day care, community centers, elder facilities, playgrounds, parks, and others) in a single condensed area, activity and convenience will be greatly increased. The area will become a desirable hub for working women to live.
Connie Cha-ly SOCIALChung, SERVICE HUBKoh, PARAMETERS SENIOR CENTER Laura Rushfeldt, Erica[ELDERLY] Weiss 50% Program
DAYCARE [CHILDREN]
COMMUNITY CENTER
2.
Proximity model
21
1
6.
2
5.
30% Unbuilt space Spatial overlaps OVERLAP 1. Proximity 3. access should be from DAYCARE COMMUNITY Space can overlap uses in 3 ways: 30% of space hub is 1. 3. Overlap 30% Unbuilt space model Spatialthatoverlaps [CHILDREN] Access toin the transit 50% Program daycare 2.2. Proximity DAYCARE point within the hub COMMUNITY MIN 50% CENTER Intimate 1. SpacesOpen shared within MIN 50% reserved unbuilt for any outdoor OPEN Advanced 1. 3. are DAYCARE DAYCARE COMMUNITY COMMUNITY User should be able to Japan Design Fall 200 [CHILDREN] CENTER 50% of built space should one building simultaneously; Space can overlap uses in 3 ways: in less than aWorkshop 2 minute gathering spaces, school yards, OVERLAP 30% of space in the hub is ool yards Overlap [CHILDREN] [CHILDREN] CENTER CENTER model 30% DAYCARE SENIOR CENTER access spaces for all Space scale COMMUNITY OVERLAP 2. accommodate more than 2. Spaces that stackshared vertically all the necessary amenities for a vibrant and complete lifestyle. The easy access of the support network allows women to function 1. are within MIN 50% small-scale gardening, and OPEN reserved unbuilt for walk. outdoor OPEN Social Service hubs will have [ELDERLY] DAYCARE COMMUNITY three use groups. This Pathsshould and plazas within User be able to the in use over [CHILDREN] education CENTER OPEN one program or useshould 50% built space 3. Spaces that change one building simultaneously; other similar uses. This makes gathering spaces, school yards, These amenities vary for different stages ofCENTER a woman’s life.ofThe key togroup. maintaining a2. sustainable population in Nagayama isshould mixing [CHILDREN] 30% integrated transit at both the 30% be DAYCARE hub should maintain anday in-vertically access for all DAYCARE COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY OVERLAP accommodate more than SENIOR CENTER thespaces course offrom the or week. 2. Spaces that stack effective usegardening, of30% space 50% small-scale and nity center district and local scale.surroundBus 2. time these any point within theThis hub timate scale. These spacesin use over three use groups. llocating one set of resources towards one user group one is MIN an inefficient use of [ELDERLY] resources because much of the resources MIN 50% program or use group. 3. Spaces that change [CHILDREN] ing the buildings, by keeping [CHILDREN] other similar uses. This makes CENTER CENTER Connie Chung, Cha-ly Koh, Rapid Transit stations will be the OVERLAP in less than a 2 minute should provide adequate access should be from sit center 2. efficiently DAYCARE within thelifestyle. spaceThe based on user-group timeallows of day assures that resources are used and a sense of communitytheiscourse cre- of the day or week. COMMUNITY space functional while controlSENIOR CENTER 1. 3. effective use of MIN 50% complete easy access of theOVERLAP supportand network women to function incorporated intospace eachsurroundhub at a walk. 2. space forwithin a maximum of 50 any point the hub [CHILDREN] MIN 50% CENTER Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss [ELDERLY] ling the buildings, density and scale of the ing the by3500 keeping the ent center life. The key to maintaining a sustainable population in Nagayama is mixing aups. woman’s OPEN frequency of 1 per resiDAYCARE DAYCARE COMMUNITY
1. 1.
ary school
2. 4. 3. 2. 4.
1.
1.
5. 6. 5.
SENIOR CENTER 3. [ELDERLY]
1.
SENIOR CENTER [ELDERLY]
3.
3.
2.
2.
DAYCARE [CHILDREN]
COMMUNITY CENTER
COMMUNITY 2. CENTER COMMUNITY
DAYCARE [CHILDREN]
to gather. OVERLAP inpeople less than a 2 minute COMMUNITY [CHILDREN] CENTER DAYCARE OVERLAP 50% ser group is an inefficient use of resources becausenetwork muchMIN ofallows the time thesetoresources complete support women function COMMUNITY CENTER [CHILDREN] walk. [CHILDREN] CENTER tic center lifestyle. The easy access of the SENIOR CENTER [CHILDREN] OPEN me of day assures that are used efficiently and aOVERLAP senseinofNagayama communityisismixing cre- CENTER COMMUNITY a woman’s life. The keyresources to maintaining a sustainable population DAYCARE DAYCARE COMMUNITY 1. 3. 30% ose group center is an inefficient use of resources [ELDERLY] 50% ser because muchMIN of the time these resources [CHILDREN] [CHILDREN] CENTER CENTER SENIOR CENTER OPEN CENTER me day assures thatSENIOR resources are used efficientlyprimary and aOVERLAP sense of community is creSENIOR CENTER ingofcenter school MIN 50% [ELDERLY] 30% [ELDERLY] [ELDERLY] 2. 1. 3. SENIOR CENTER ior center SENIOR CENTER OVERLAP CENTER ry school daycare 50%SENIOR COMMUNITY [ELDERLY] MIN[ELDERLY] [ELDERLY] 1. 3. daycare DAYCARE 1. 3. SENIOR CENTER OVERLAP CENTER COMMUNITY 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 ry school 1. yards 3. [ELDERLY] school [CHILDREN] CENTER Space can uses ways: ool yards 30%overlap of space in in the3 hub is OPEN 2. 1. 3. daycare Analysis of program-use times to determine potential spatial overlaps DAYCARE 1. Spaces that areOPEN shared within COMMUNITY 1. DAYCARE 3. reserved unbuilt forthe outdoor OPEN evening education 30% COMMUNITY 1. 3. to Paths and plazas within education 50%User of built space should should be able [CHILDREN] one building simultaneously; CENTER [CHILDREN] CENTER ool yards gathering spaces, school yards, 30% of space in the hub 2. 30% 30% hub should an in- is SENIOR CENTER accommodate more for than 1. 3. access spaces all Spaces thatmaintain stack vertically OPEN small-scale gardening, and ity center reserved unbuilt forthe outdoor OPEN 2. community center [ELDERLY] timate scale. These spaces one User program use and plazas within three useorgroups. 3.Paths Spaces that change in use over education should be group. ableThis to other similar uses. This makes gathering spaces, school 30% 2. should provide adequate 30% thehub course of the day oran week. should maintain in- yards, SENIOR CENTER should be sit center access50% spaces forfrom all MIN 2. 1. 3. effective usegardening, of space and ity center MIN 50% transit 2. spacesmall-scale for a maximum of 50surround2. center three [ELDERLY] timate scale. These spaces any point hub use within groups.theThis 1. DAYCARE ent center ing the buildings, by keeping the OVERLAP COMMUNITY other similar uses. people provide to gather. should adequate This makes in less than a 2beminute access should from sitCOMMUNITY center [CHILDREN] CENTER OVERLAP DAYCARE 1. 3. space functional while surroundcontrolgovernment center effective use of space n center 2. tic space for a maximum of 50 walk. 2. any point within [CHILDREN] CENTER 2. the hub ling the the buildings, density and of the DAYCARE ent ing by scale keeping the COMMUNITY ng center DAYCARE people to gather. DAYCARE COMMUNITY 1. 3. COMMUNITY MIN 50% [CHILDREN] CENTER oseCOMMUNITY center DAYCARE athletic center in less than a 2 minute hub. functional while controlspace SENIOR CENTER OPENOPEN es n center [CHILDREN] tic walk. CENTER CENTER [CHILDREN] OVERLAP[CHILDREN] CENTER ling the density and scale of the eng center [ELDERLY] ng DAYCARE DAYCARE COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY 1.30% 30% 3. multi-purpose center ose center hub. es 2. [CHILDREN] SENIOR CENTERCENTER [CHILDREN] CENTER 1. 3. SENIOR CENTER or engcenter center [ELDERLY] MIN 50% DAYCARE
SOCIAL SERVICE HUB PARAMETERS
1.2. 2.
50% Program Proximity Overlap model Proximity MIN 50%
model OVERLAP
4.3. 5. 3. 5.
6.3. 6.
Spatial overlaps 30% Unbuilt Intimate Open space 30% Unbuilt Space scale Intimate Open space
Space scale
Advanced Japan Design Workshop Fall 2008
[ELDERLY]center gardening
SENIOR CENTER OVERLAP
2.
1.
3.
hub. space while stations controldents. functional Micro-mobility ling the motorized density andand scale of the of both nonhub. motorized shared vehicles will be incorporated at a frequency of 1 per 350 residents.
DAYCARE [CHILDREN] 1.
3.
2.
1.
OPEN 30%
30%
OPEN
30%Open Intimate scale OPEN
Access to transit Space 3. Access to transit
Social Service hubs Paths will haveand plazas within the 30%an inintegrated transit at hub both the should maintain districtService and local scale. Bus Social hubs will have timate scale. These spaces Rapid Transit stations will the be integrated transit at both should adequate incorporated into scale. each hub a district and local Busat provide frequency of 1stations per 3500 Rapid Transit willresibe for a maximum of 50 space dents. Micro-mobility stations incorporated into each hub at to a gather. people of both motorized nonfrequency of 1 perand 3500 resimotorized shared vehicles will dents. Micro-mobility stations be both incorporated a 3. frequency of motorizedatand nonof 1 per 350 residents. motorized shared vehicles will be incorporated at a frequency of 1 per 350 residents.
2. by building up and re-purposing existing public [ELDERLY] 9:00 12:00 15:00this new 18:00 21:00 The central tenet of model is the social service hub. The hub is created 1. 3. 30% senior center OPENUnbuilt space Proximity 3. OPEN Nagayama. 2. Analysisfacilities of program-use timesto to determine potential spatial overlaps Access toSchool-properties transit create flexible, service centers within have been chosen due to their 1. DAYCARE 1. Open 3. MUNITY 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00multi-purpose 21:00 Intimate 30% 30% 30% of space in the hub is model [CHILDREN] NTER pre-existing visibility and importance in the community as well theirAccess available land for use and development. By providing OPEN as unbuilt for to outdoor Analysis of program-use times potential spatial3.overlaps transit 6:00be1.able 9:00 12:00 3.2. 15:00OPEN 18:00reserved 21:00 scale 1. to determine DAYCARE UserSpace should to MUNITY Intimate OPEN 30% gathering spaces, school yards, Social Service hubs will have many and social services inallOpen one care, community centers, elder facilities, playgrounds, parks, and Paths and for plazas within theplace (school, day 30% [CHILDREN] SENIOR CENTERpublic access spaces NTER small-scale gardening, 30%an inOPEN integrated transitand at both the 2. Analysis of program-use times to2.determine potential spatial overlaps hub maintain ial spatial overlaps Space scale 1. 3. [ELDERLY] three useshould groups. This others) in a single condensed area, activity and convenience will other besimilar greatly increased. The area a desirable hub OPEN 1. 3. will become uses. This makes district and local scale. Bus Social Service hubs will have timate scale. These spaces Paths and plazas within the 30% access should be from effective use Transit of space surroundAdvanced Japan Design Workshop Fall 2008 Rapid stations will be 30% integrated transit at both the should provide adequate for working women Research has been done into how to re-purpose and mix uses within existing school buildings, and hub should maintain an in2. to live. any point within the hub 2. 1. 3. OPEN DAYCARE ing the buildings, by keeping the COMMUNITY incorporated into scale. each hub OPEN district and local Busat a 2. space maximum of 50 timate scale. These spaces in less thanfor a 2a2.minute [CHILDREN] CENTER DAYCARE COMMUNITY also incorporate space functional while controlnew construction. Although some open land must be retained for ball-fields and other school uses, there is Advanced Japan Design Workshop Fall 2008 frequency of 1 per 3500 resiRapid Transit stations will be people to gather. walk.should provide adequate 30%ling theincorporated [CHILDREN] 30% CENTER densityMicro-mobility and scale of the 1. 3. g dents. stations into each hubservice-hub. at a DAYCARE 2. an over-abundance space for of 50 DAYCARE COMMUNITY currently ofa2.maximum underutilized landOPEN that can be used to create a COMMUNITY hub. frequency of both motorized and nonof 1 per 3500 resi2. 30% [CHILDREN] people to gather. [CHILDREN] CENTER 1. 3. CENTER
or center
6:00
2.3. 3.
5.6. 6.
OPEN
motorized shared vehicles will dents. Micro-mobility stations be both incorporated a frequency of motorizedatand non-
6.
SOCIAL SERVICE HUB ILLUSTRATION
VIGNETTE
Community Gardens Gardening Center Senior Center Evening Education
Government Center Community Center
Multipurpose Center Athletic Center
Connie Chung, Cha-ly Koh, Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss
Primary School
n
School Yards
Day care
VIGNETTES: EXISTING AND NEW Senior Center
Micro-Mobilit Hub Transit Center
Schematic Axonometric showing sample density
Evening Education
Hub Population:
Population increases to 13,000 Multipurpose Center
Three service hubs (13,000/3) = servicing 4,333 people -elderly (20%) = 866 persons -working-age (64%) = 2774 persons -children (16%) = 694 persons
Building Transit Station Gathering Space
Connie Chung, Cha-ly Koh, Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss
Programmed Outdoor space Future Housing
General Programs Areas
VIGNETTES: EXISTING AND NEW Day care
Micro-Mobilit Hub Transit Center
For one hub using above population information: Primary School 680 sq.m. Evening Education 170 sq.m. School Yards 1100 sq.m. Daycare 325 sq.m. Community Center 300 sq.m. Government Center 530 sq.m. Multipurpose Center 240 sq.m. Gardening Center 150 sq.m. Community Garden 200 sq.m. Athletic Center 370 sq.m. Senior Center 500 sq.m. Transit Center 400 sq.m.
Connie Chung, Cha-ly Koh, Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss
EW
Advanced Jap
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
Advanced Japan Design Workshop Fall 2008
PAGE 67
2.
land use types in the area. While the growth will be bounded and guided by the land reserve SENIOR CENTER that strategies, strong parameters are also needed to ensure strong and sustainable communities will continue to attract new residents to Nagayama.
(the 6-unit neighborhood
DAYCARE
The following are six important rules that Women will guide the growth of thein development in time. To Team Three: 2050 form a strong community, the built environment needs to provide the opportunities for residents SINGLE ISOLATED
1.
MULTICOMMUNITY ATHLETIC to interact with each other byGARDENING sight, sound, smell, taste or touch. It is throughPUBLIC this lens that the HOUSING PURPOSE CENTER GARDENS CENTER following six rules were formed. TYPE FACILITY
Neighborhood Growth Model and Parameters
Building community by actively strengthe units of “neighborhood” (in the Japanese MIX-USE DEVELOPMENT
PUBLIC FACILITY HUB
NEW ENVIRONMENTS CURRENT MODEL
NEW “NEIGHBORHOOD” HOUSING GROWTH
NEW MODELS
LAND RESERVE HOME BOUNDARY
HOME
HOME OFFICE
D I S T A N MIX-USE C DEVELOPMENT E WOMEN IN THE WORKPLACE
PATH
PATH
STAIRS
BUILDING
AREA FOR NEW GROWTH WORK FARM
OFFICE
CENTER NURSING
2.
STREET
STATION
TRAIN
SHOP
WORK
FARM
3-Dimensional Proximity Diagram
STREETS
NEIGHBORHOOD GROWTH ILLUSTRATION
WORK
2010 LIVE
CHILDCARE SCHOOL Existing housing
CENTER NURSING
WORK
SHOP
FARM
Proximity to different la 1 minute city
3.
Urban Living occurs as one lives in the becomes the home where one sleeps, and entertains. Diverse land uses are c space consumption of the urbanite ou home. Working women, with higher pu consume more of the city and less of h
Community Centers are then formed in community residents slurp hot noodles gardens, where residents grow tomato where old and young share stories at t consumption is the basis of communit Connie Chung, Cha-ly Koh, Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss
BUILDING
2008
SHOP
LIVE
PUBLIC FACILITY HUB
STATION
LIVE
CHILDCARE SCHOOL
OFFICE Town Re-imagining Demographics in Tama New
FARM
The circle at left is defined by the orienta front doors or back doors of the units, ge opportunities for neighbors to interact fre This contrasts greatly with today’s layouts compartmentalized apartment buildings.
Building a strong comm Zero age barrier
3.
Generating mixed-use, mixed-density transformations Commercial lots (restaurants, retail, grocery), private education
SHOP
Housing
Japan’s problem of a shrinking popula a reversal of the support pyramid from young people supporting a small numb of a fewer young people supporting m support system can be continuous, wit young and the young supporting the o
Back offices, working space
Strong human relationships across age formed to realize this support system, to be close to single people and childr with seniors. This can be established b plans or housing types in close proxim neighbors and residents.
LIVE 3-Dimensional Proximity Diagram
2050
2020 Building towards a sustainable community through the 6 rules of urban growth
A flexible change of uses sensitive to demographic changes may incorporate different housing types or different mixeduse compositions.
Change from retail to public services to allow growth
Advanced Japan Design Workshop Fall 2008
Advanced Japa
PLACE
Connie Chung, Cha-ly Koh, Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss
in Tama New Town NEIGHBORHOOD GROWTH PARAMETERS
DAYCARE
development in time. To opportunities for residents ETIC through this lens that the
ER
1.
AREA FOR NEW GROWTH
2.
SHOP
Building community by actively strengthening the basic units of “neighborhood” (in the Japanese definition). The circle at left is defined by the orientation of front doors or back doors of the units, generating opportunities for neighbors to interact frequently. This contrasts greatly with today’s layouts in highly compartmentalized apartment buildings.
Tama New Town, when it was built, was beautifully landscaped to create a comforting environment for its residents. 40 years later, these full grown trees are at their prime. Full grown trees and greenery are strong assets to Tama New Town and should be preserved if they are healthy and valuable for the community.
~30%
4.
~70%
3.
To that end, considering the large number of empty parking lots and the large footprint of buildings, there should be a high percentage (70%) of brownfield versus greenfield (30%) development on these sites, where greenfield is the existing landscape in the area.
Proximity to different land uses: 1 minute city
Interaction across levels: human scale city
Urban Living occurs as one lives in the city. The city becomes the home where one sleeps, eats, bathes, works and entertains. Diverse land uses are crucial to extend space consumption of the urbanite outside of his or her home. Working women, with higher purchasing power will consume more of the city and less of her home.
The scale of the development should be preserved at a “human scale” where the buildings do not intimidate the residents and where interaction is possible across levels.
5.
The mixed density is defined by the varying street widths, open space, and gap between buildings. The goal is to recreate organic and interesting urban fabric and intimacy in traditional Japanese urban areas such as the streets of Kyoto.
Community Centers are then formed in ramen shops, where community residents slurp hot noodles; in community gardens, where residents grow tomatoes locally; in onsens, where old and young share stories at the baths. This shared consumption is the basis of community building.
LIC FACILITY
LIVE
Conservation of assets
“Mukou San Kenn Ryou Tonari” 向こう 三 軒 両隣 (the 6-unit neighborhood circle)
ma, various other land uses COMMUNITY PublicCENTER Service Hub. This nt housing, retail and other ded by the land reserve SENIOR CENTER that ustainable communities
Building a strong community: Zero age barrier Japan’s problem of a shrinking population can be defined as a reversal of the support pyramid from a greater number of young people supporting a small number of old people, to that of a fewer young people supporting more seniors. Instead, the support system can be continuous, with the old supporting the young and the young supporting the old.
6.
Strong human relationships across age groups need to be formed to realize this support system, with families needing to be close to single people and children to interact frequently with seniors. This can be established by locating different floor plans or housing types in close proximity to acheive diversity of neighbors and residents.
Flexible dwelling: Home that acts your age The plan attracts an influx of working women but hopes to eventually evolve to a highly mixed demographic of single working male and females, elderly, children, teenagers and even immigrants. To survive dramatic waves of demographic changes, the housing units will be designed to be flexible and easily modifiable to allow the unit to accommodate different users with different needs over time.
Diagram
With the strong catalyst being placed as a seed of growth in Nagayama, various other land uses and development will result from the strong concentration of a strong Public Service Hub. This growth will penetrate into the existing housing, transforming Advanced Japan Design Workshop Fall 2008 the current housing, retail and other land use types in the area. While the growth will be bounded and guided by the land reserve strategies, strong parameters are also needed to ensure strong and sustainable communities that will continue to attract new residents to Nagayama. The following are six important rules that will guide the growth of the development in time. To form a strong community, the built environment needs to provide the opportunities for residents to interact with each other by sight, sound, smell, taste or touch. It is through this lens that the following six rules were formed.
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 69
Team Three: Women in 2050 Land Reserve Model and Parameters LOCAL RESOURCES
nits / ha
Adjusting Infrastructure
Food self-sufficiency ratio in Japan and other countries (on a calorie basis)
Critical infrastructure issues will focus on the movement of evacuation services, particularly for the elderly population. The infrastructure may also relate to human services-- issues such as nursing and child care. One way to relieve tension for working, non-working, and single women is to create a neighborhood which shoulders some of this responsibility. The creation of social support adds workers, jobs, and commercial growth to the community.
France
units / ha
US
German y UK Switzerland
Japan
Produce Local, Consume Local
Source: Food Balance Sheet (MAFF); Food Balance Sheets (FAO).
farms in japan have traditionally operated on a small scale -Japanc produces 39#of its food products domestically As farms in Japan have traditionally been operated on a small scale, their dedication -reallocation of open space within Tama New Town provides to their products has set high agricultural standards, yet Japan only produces 39% the chance to cut down on imports such as wheat, beans, of its food products domestically. A reallocation of open space within Tama New fruti and animal feed. Town provides the chance to cut down on imports such as wheat, beans, fruit, and -Current government subsidies for farming combined with animal feed. Current government subsidies for farming combined with the facilitation food and markets greenwill marekets offsetof the costs. of foodcooperatives cooperatives and green help offset will the growth this declining
Domestic production and domestic Value of imported food products and consumption of vegetables the share of processed food products Ten thousand tons
Trillion yen
Share of imported processed food in imported food (right axis)
Supplies for domestic consumption
industry.
Local Jobs Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t Need New Industries
Domestic production
There are many jobs curently being supported in the comThere arebut manythose jobs currently beingself supported in the community, but those that willof munity, that will perpetuate with the increase self perpetuate with the increase ofelderly working women elderly care, education, working women include: care,include: education, child care, child care, local businesses, local governmentpositions, positions, home offices, and e-busilocal business,local government home offices, and Connie Chung, Cha-ly ness. e-business
Non-processed foods
ORKPLACE
Koh, Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss
Processed foods
aphics in Tama New Town (Estimates)
TIONS
Source: Food Balance Sheet
(MAFF)
Source: Trade Statistics (MOF)
a New Town can be overlaid to o jump-start the new distribuy examining the current green doned, or residual, as well as nt topography, an initial diaal mapping is meant only as a dered in relation to the poten-
100
100
120
120
120
120
Advanced Japan Design Workshop Fall 2008
E CONDITIONS
100
100
100
100
120
120
100
100
120
120 120
Current open space
Current inadequate housing
Steep terrain
120
Potential land reserves
IDEAL LAND RESERVES
Re-imagining Re-imagining Demographics Demographics in Tama New in Tama Town New Town LAND RESERVE LAND PARAMETERS RESERVE PARAMETERS
1.
treatment wetlands
nature restoration
paths/ trails
H U B
game fields treatment wetlands playground
nature restoration
open space paths/ trails
H U B
food crops game fields orchard playground
ceremonial space
orchard energy production open space
food crops
ceremonial space
energy production
1.
Green from theGreen inside, from outthe inside, out
environmental environmental impact/ benefits impact/ benefits
impermanence/ impermanence/ permanencepermanence
2.
2.
food crops energy production
food crops
game fields
treatment wetlands game fields
energy production
nature restoration
Appropriate distribution Appropriate of distribution of program usesprogram uses
orchard
nature restoration
5.
WOMEN IN THE WORKPLACE open space
playgroundopen paths/ space trails
playground
paths/ trails
ceremonial space
ceremonial space
Re-imagining Demographics in Tama New Town Land Reserve Type: Proportional Land Allotments Reserve Type: Proportional Allotments
environmental impact/ benefits
environmental impact/ benefits
3.
nature restoration
nature restoration
energy production
energy production
A combination of the current conditions in Tama New Town can be overlaid to treatment wetlands treatment wetlands determine an appropriate place from in which to jump-start the new distribufoodBy crops food crops tion of community beneficial land resources. examining the current green paths/ trails paths/ trails spaces, whether government sanctioned, abandoned, or residual, as well as playground playground the areas of inadequate housing and the current topography, orchard orchard an initial diagram of potential spaces is identified. This initial mapping is meant only as a open space open space suggestion of prime spaces and must be considered in relation to the potenceremonial spacegrowth maps. ceremonial space tial facility and neighborhood game fields
game fields
return on spatial investreturn on spatial investLand Reserve Type: Impact vs.Land Return Reserve Type: Impact vs. Return
Consider the return Consider on land the return in- on land investments vestments some uses more beneficial Some land land uses will be Some more land beneficial uses will to the becommore beneficial to the community than community others. Themunity most than valuable others. landThe useothers. most is valuable land use is to the than that which is environmentally that which and is physically environmentally ben- and physically benMost valuable use is environeficial. Land uses contained eficial.inLand this category uses contained will be in this category will be the most stable and willthe likely most anchor stablethe and physical willbenefilikely anchor the physical mentally and physicall growth limits of the community. growth limits of the community. cial. Land uses contaned in this category will be more stable and will anchor the physical growth limits of the community. Current open space
Current inadequate housing
4.
playground game fields
game fields
energy production
playground paths/ trails
open space/ closed facilities open space/ closed facilities inadequate housing paths/ trails
nature restoration
nature restoration paths/ trails
treatment paths/ wetlands trails
5.
Where necessary, Where modify necessary, the landscape modify the to meet landscape your needs to meet your needs
food crops
Connie Chung, Cha-ly Ko
current condition Ifofthe the current land is condition not inline of with thethe land community is not inline plan, with the community may beplan, necessary. alterations Steep mayterrain becommunity necessary. can be bridged, Steep terrain stepped, canorbe bridged, stepped, or IfIf thethe current condition of the land isalterations not inline with the plan, razed to suit new planning razed guidelines. to suit newInplanning some instances guidelines. landInthat some wasinstances manuallyland re-configured that was manually to createre-configured its current state, to create could potentially its current be state, recould potentially be re- Erica Wei Laura Rushfeldt, alterations may be turned to its natural condition turned to create its natural anecessary. more condition naturaltolandscape. create a Steep more naturalterrain landscape. can be bridged, stepped, or terraced to align with new planning guidelines. This includes returning some land to itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural condition. 100
100
steep terrain
steep terrain
modified terrain
modified terrain
120
120
terraced terrain
terraced terrain
120
120
100
100
100
100
120
120
100
100
120
120 120
Steep terrain
120
Potential land reserves
IDEAL LAND RESERVES
IDEALIZED LAND RESERVE CONDITIONS Current Condition
treatmentfood wetlands crops
inadequate housing
AdvancedAdvanced Japan Design JapanWorkshop Design Workshop Fall 2008 Fall 2008
Improved Condition
3.
LAND RESERVE ILLUSTRATIONS
Integration of Integration resources of resources Current green space allotments Current green are fragmented, spaceallotments allotments varied,are andfragmented, misaligned. The quantity and misaligned. of land reserves The quantity is vast,ofbut land its reserves proximities is vast, prevent but ititsfrom proximities be- proxprevent it from beCurrent greenspace arevaried, fragmented. The quantity is vast, but ing optimized and oftening utilized. optimized Proper andland often useutilized. adjacencies Properwould land use allowadjacencies for an overlapping would allow of uses for an andoverlapping thus, a more of efficient uses anduse thus, of aoften morelimited efficient use of often limited imities it from being used. Proper adjacencies allow for overlapping resources. prevent resources. of uses and thus a more efficient use of resources.
energy production
In order to properly In order the population to properly both sustain the the population both In order tosustain properly sustain physically and environmentally, physicallytheand ideal environmentally, proporthe ideal proporpopulation physically and envition of land must be allocated tion of land to each must type be of allocated land to each type of land reserve. If too much land reserve. is given If too to playgrounds, much land is given to playgrounds, ronmentally, the ideal proporfor instance, there will not for instance, be enoughthere landwill on not be enough land on tion land must be food allocated which toof produce food or which provide to produce walking paths. or provide walking paths. to each type of land reserve.
treatment wetlands
orchard
4.
A stringent planning process A stringent planning process A stringent can maintain planningaprocess struc- can maintain a struccan maintain a structured ture settlement. As theture community settlement. grows Asaround the community its settlegrows around its newly planned facilitiesnewly growthplanned will need facilities to be caregrowth will need to be carement. As the community orws fully controlled in order fully to prevent controlled sprawl. in order A strict to prevent sprawl. A strict around itsandnew social set of parameters guidelines set of parameters can control andservice growth guidelines can control growth in a specific way. This in a also specific be done way. by This defining can also be done by defining hub growthcan will be controlled the boundaries of town the growth boundaries with local of town resources growth with local resources to sprawl. By green defining such prevent as programmed green such space, as programmed agriculture, and space, agriculture, and energy production. energy production. boundaries of town growth with local resources such as green space, agriculture, and energy production.
A combination of the current conditions in Tama New Town can be overlaid to determine an appropriate place from in which AdvancedByJapan Designthe Workshop 2008spaces, whether to jump-start the new distribution of community beneficial land resources. examining currentFall green government sanctioned, abandoned, or residual, as well as the areas of inadequate housing and the current topography, an initial diagram of potential spaces is identified. This initial mapping is meant only as a suggestion of prime spaces and must be considered in relation to the new facility and neighborhood growth maps. INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 71
Team Three: Women in 2050 WOMEN IN THE WORKPLACE Re-imagining Demographics in Tama New Town Transit Model
Connie Chung, Cha-ly Koh, Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss
TRANSIT
EVENING EDUCATION
PRIMARAY SCHOOL
COMMUNITY CENTER
GOVERNMENT CENTER
SCHOOL YARDS
Commercial
SENIOR CENTER
nonmotorized vehicles
Social Service Hub
BRT Station and Line
nonnonmotorized motorized vehicles vehicles
Micro-Mobility Stations
private vehicles
1. Current rapid mobility (none)
nonmotorized vehicles
private vehicles
nonmotorized vehicles
private vehicles
MULTIPURPOSE
CENTER
GARDENS
micromobility
Public Transit
nonmotorized vehicles
private vehicles
private vehicles
micromobility
Public Transit
nonmotorized vehicles
Public Transit
micromobility
micromobility
nonmotorized vehicles
private vehicles
nonmotorized vehicles
Public Transit
micromobility
micromobility
LAND RESERVE BOUNDARY micromobility
micromobility
NEW ENVIRONMENTS
Public Transit
nonmotorized vehicles
private vehicles
nonmotorized vehicles
private vehicles
Public Transit Public Transit CURRENT
private vehicles
MODEL
nonmotorized vehicles
nonmotorized vehicles NEW
private vehicles
HOME
Public Transit
MODELS
micromobility
Public TransitPublic Transitprivate vehicles
micromobility
micromobility
nonnonmotorized motorized vehicles vehicles private vehicles
privatePublic Transit vehicles
private vehicles
private vehicles
Public TransitPublic Transit
4. Further integration of BRT net5. Further integration of work with new existing hubs. 5. Further integration of network with the network with adding 4. Further integration of BRTand network with new and addition of each new hub existing hubs. Micro-Mobility stations infiltrate into Micro-mobility stations infiltrate into of each new hub residential neighborhoods residential neighborhoods
micromobility
micromobility
micromobility
PUBLIC SERVICES nonnonmotorized motorized vehicles vehicles Public Transit
private vehicles
micromobility
privatePublic Transit vehicles
CENTER
micromobility
nonmotorized vehicles Public Transit
NEW â&#x20AC;&#x153;NEIGHBORHOODâ&#x20AC;? HOUSING GROWTH
DAYCARE
2. BRT stations connect hubs using 3. New BRT stations connect new existing Micro-mobili- hubs 2. BRT stationsinfrasturcture. connect hubs using existing infrastruc3. Newusing BRT stationsexisting connect new hubsinfrastructure. using Micro-mobility stations introduced at BRT stations. existing infrastructure. Existing BRT stations are more BRT stations integrated with tyture. stations introduced at BRT stations Existing integrated with new infrastructure. More Micro-mobility GARDENING COMMUNITY infrasturcture. ATHLETIC stations introduced
Time-lapse development 1. current rapid mobility (none)
Town
private vehicles
micromobility nonmotorized vehicles
nonmotorized Public TransitPublic Transit vehicles
nonnonmotorized motorizedPublic Transit vehicles vehicles
private vehicles
private vehicles
micromobility
nonmotorized Public TransitPublic Transit vehicles
private vehicles
micromobility
micromobility
nonnonmotorized motorizedPublic Transit vehicles vehicles
private vehicles
private vehicles
Need for Public Service: Childcare AREA FOR and Elderly Care NEW GROWTH
Public Transit
Public TransitPublic Transit
private vehicles
School re-use case study: Yasuragi Kouryuukan, Na
Advanced Japan Design Workshop Fall 2008
private vehicles
HOME
HOME OFFICE
20 minutes walk 10 minutes walk
MIX-USE DEVELOPMENT 5 minutes walk
Current Mobility within Tama New Town Figure 3: 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 20 minutes walk range of a 65-69 year old indi-
D I S T A N C E
PATH
PATH
STAIRS
BUILDING OFFICE
STREET
STATION
TRAIN
STATION
STREETS
BUILDING OFFICE
Projective Diagram: New Mobility Model
Source: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Japan
In April 2004, there were 22,570 day care centers, of which 12,090 PUBLIC FACILITY were government run and 10,480 were privately operated in Japan. HUB In 2004, centers were at 97.1% capacity.
vidual taking into account the topography and road network of Nagayama density 5, 10, and 20 minute foot mobility, taking Current exhaustive commuting habits are long 6 To encourage birthrate, to beof higher number of child The new transit strategy New for Town Masshigher transit inthere theneeds form a BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) system, arisian into consideration topography of the sitefor and Tama and inflexible workingincludes parents. Newtwo modelssystems: care centers in the region. ace in the and overlaid on the current street grid. in the form individual transit of car-sharing andwork micro-mobility systems. The BRT route can be re-directed to include new of closer-proximity work or home allow for sus 82 needed flexibility and provide a more sustainHubs over time as development grows. ondition able model.
Bef
WOMEN IN THE WORKPLACE COMPOSITE ILLUSTRATION
INITIAL ROUTE FUTURE ROUTE
transit Transit Model
#OMMERCIAL )NDUSTRIAL AND #OMMUNITY &ACILITIES RETAIL ATTACHED TO RESIDENCE
LIGHT INDUSTRY
CONVENIENCE RETAIL
COMMUNITY RESOURCE
BIG BOX RETAIL
DAY CARE PRE SCHOOL KINDERGARTEN
OFFICE MIXED USE COMPLEX RETAIL HEAVY INDUSTRY
PUBLIC SCHOOL UNIVERISITY HEALTH FACILITIES CLOSED FACILITY
location map Location Key
existing conditions Current Site Condition
WOMEN IN THE WORKPLACE
Connie Chung, Cha-ly Koh, Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss
Re-imagining Demographics in Tama New Town
LIVING IN THE NEW COMMUNITY
mily dinner
en
opping with friends
allroom dancing
men for dinner
oing for a walk
e
Connie Chung, Cha-ly Koh, Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss
Re-imagining Demographics in Tama New Town
social service hub Social Service Hub
A SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY
Working Mother
SOCIAL SERVICE HUB bringing children to school
Rule
family dinner
Single Working Women
Promoting Density and Mixing Uses
Preserving All Natural Resources
Planning for a Socially Sustainable Future
housing neighborhood Housing Neighborhoods
50% Program Overlap Proximity Model Intimate Open Space Scale Spatial Overlaps 30% Unbuilt Space
composite scheme New Site Condition
going to work
Access to Transit
shopping with friends
Seniors NEIGHBORHOOD GROWTH Rule
Connie Chung, Cha-ly Koh, Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss 6-Home Neighborhood
Promoting Density and Mixing Uses
Preserving All Natural Resources
Planning for a SociallyLandSusReserves land reserves tainable Future
City View of a prototypical development including Social Service Hub,1-Minute Neighborhood Growth, Land Reserves, and Transit. Zero Age Barriers Japan Design Workshop Fall 2008 Advanced Single Working Men Morning scene in the new development
grocery shopping
ballroom dancing
A SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY
Conservation of Existing Assets Human Scale City Flexible Dwelling
SOCIAL SERVICE HUB Rule
Promoting Density and Mixing Uses
going to work
Preserving All Natural Working Father Resources
ramen for dinner
Planning for a Socially Sustainable Future
50% Program Overlap
LAND RESERVES Rule
Promoting Density and Mixing Uses
Preserving All Natural Resources
Planning for a Socially Sustainable Future
Green from the Inside, Out
Proximity Model
Appropriate Distribution of Program
Intimate Open Space Scale
Consider Return on Land Investments
Spatial Overlaps
Integrate Resources
30% Unbuilt Space
going to work
Access to Transit
going for a walk
Modify Landscape Where Necessary
Newly Married Couple
NEIGHBORHOOD GROWTH Rule 6-Home Neighborhood
Promoting Density Preserving All Natural Night scene in the new development and Mixing Uses Resources morning on the terrace
Planning for a Socially Sustainable Future rooftop romantic dinner
1-Minute City Zero Age Barriers Conservation of Existing Assets
Advanced Japan Design Workshop Fall 2008
Human Scale City Flexible Dwelling
LAND RESERVES
The growth Social Service Planning Hubs, Growth, and Land Reserves are graded against a 3-point Rule parameters for Promoting Density of the Preserving All Natural for aNeighborhood Socially Susand Mixing Uses Promoting Resourcesdensity and tainable Future uses; Preserving all natural resources; and Planning for a socially strategy for sustainaibility: mixing Green from the Inside, Out sustainable future. Appropriate Distribution of Program
Consider Return on Land Investments Integrate Resources Modify Landscape Where Necessary
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 73
Re-imagining Re-imaginingDemographics DemographicsininTama TamaNew NewTown Town WOMEN IN THEinWORKPLACE Team Three: Women 2050 LIVING THE LIVINGININRe-imagining THENEW NEWCOMMUNITY COMMUNITY Demographics in Tama New Town LIVING IN THE NEW COMMUNITY
Working WorkingMother Mother
A
Working Mother bringing children to school bringing children to school
family dinner family dinner
Single SingleWorking WorkingWomen Women bringing children to school
family dinner
Single Working Women
SO
Ru
50%
Pro
Intim
Spa going to work going to work
Seniors Seniors going to work
shopping with friends shopping with friends shopping with friends
30%
Acc
Seniors
NE
Ru Morning scene in the new development
Morning scene in the new development Morning scene in the new development Morning scene in the new development
grocery shopping grocery shopping grocery shopping
ballroom dancing ballroom dancing
ballroom dancing
Single Men SingleWorking Working Men Single Working Men
6-H
1-M
Zer
Con
Hum
Flex
goingtotowork work going going to work
Working Father Working WorkingFather Father
ramen for dinner ramen for dinner
ramen for dinner
LA
Ru
Gre
App
Con
Inte going to work
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Mo
Newly Married Couple goinggoingfor fora walk a walk
going to work going to work
Newly NewlyMarried MarriedCouple Couple Night scene in the new development
Night scene in the new development Night scene in the new development
morning on the terrace
rooftop romantic dinner
Night scene in the new development
â&#x20AC;&#x153;Day-in-the-Lifeâ&#x20AC;? vignette of different users in the new Tama morning New Town on the terrace morning on the terrace
rooftop romantic dinner rooftop romantic dinner
Advanced
Sekisui Team: Density for Living Kenta Konishi, Makoto Ochiai, Kaori Miura
What is the appropriate density for sucessful and sustainable community growth? This is a difficult question to answer, but by analyzing existing communities and considering extreme scenarios, certain proposals can be made to generate a Tama New Town that is both a sucessful and sustainable community. Combinations of different housing types, new transit systems with close proximity to living, integrating a “3rd place” which is neither home nor work, reuse of existing buildings, and fostering a true understanding of ecology and connection to nature are main strategies of this scheme.
Density for Living introduction
Area proportion scheme proportion scheme of Tama New Town ofArea Tama New Town
Data of Suwa/ Nagayama district 㪸㫉㪼㪸㪑㩷㪊㪅㪇㪏㫂㫄㩷㩿㪊㪇㪏㪿㪸㪀 area 3.08 sq. km.
male
2010
female
male
2030
female
male
2050
female
residence 47.0%
㪉
commercial, business 3.7% education facility 10.4%
population: 27,541 㫇㫆㫇㫌㫃㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪑㩷㪉㪎㪃㪌㪋㪈 㪻㪸㫐㫋㫀㫄㪼㩷㫇㫆㫇㫌㫃㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪑㩷㪉㪎㪃㪉㪉㪊 daytime pop: 27.223 㫇㫆㫇㫌㫃㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪻㪼㫅㫊㫀㫋㫐㩿㫇㪼㫉㫊㫆㫅㪆㫂㫄㩷㪀㪑㩷㪏㪐㪋㪈㪅㪏㪏
park, green belt 11.3%
medical facility 0.9% road 15.8%
㪉
㪉
㪻㪸㫐㫋㫀㫄㪼㩷㫇㫆㫇㫌㫃㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪻㪼㫅㫊㫀㫋㫐㩿㫇㪼㫉㫊㫆㫅㪆㫂㫄㩷㪀㪑㩷㪏㪃㪏㪊㪏
others 10.8%
population piramid of Tma city
High Rise Density If current population of was in high rise building, only 6 Mori buildings 㪠㪽㩷㫋㫆㩷㫇㫌㫋㩷㫅㪼㪺㪼㫊㫊㪸㫉㫐㩷㫃㪸㫅㪻㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸㩷㫆㪽㩷㫇㫉㪼㫊㪼㫅㫋㩷㫊㫌㫎㪸㪆㫅㪸㪾㪸㫐㪸㫄㪸㩷㫀㫅㩷㪸㩷㪿㫀㪾㪿㩷㫉㫀㫊㪼㩷㪹㫌㫀㫃㪻㫀㫅㪾㪃㩷㫆㫅㫃㫐㩷㪍㩷㫄㫆㫉㫀㩷㪹㫌㫀㫃㪻㫀㫅㪾㩷㫎㫀㫃㫃㩷㪹㪼㩷㫅㪼㪼㪻㪼㪻㪅 would be needed O
Low Rise Density 㪠㪽㩷㫋㫆㩷㫇㫌㫋㩷㪼㫊㫊㪼㫅㫋㫀㪸㫃㩷㫃㪸㫅㪻㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸㩷㫆㪽㩷㫇㫉㪼㫊㪼㫅㫋㩷㫊㫌㫎㪸㪆㫅㪸㪾㪸㫐㪸㫄㪸㩷㫀㫅㩷㪸㩷㪉㪄㫊㫋㫆㫉㫀㪼㫊㩷㫊㫀㫅㪾㫃㪼㩷㪽㪸㫄㫀㫃㫐㩷㪿㫆㫌㫊㪼㫊㪃㩷㫆㫅㫃㫐㩷㪉㪆㪊㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫃㪸㫅㪻㩷㫎㫀㫃㫃㩷㪹㪼㩷㫅㪼㪼㪻㪼㪻㪅 If current population of was in 2-story single family houses, only 2/3 of the land would be needed
㪾㫉㪼㪼㫅㩷㫃㪸㫐㪼㫉
㫇㫌㪹㫃㫀㪺㩷㪽㪸㪺㫀㫃㫀㫋㫐
㫄㫀㫏㪼㪻㪄㫌㫊㪼㩷㪿㫀㪾㪿㩷 㪻㪼㫅㪻㫀㫋㫐㩷㫊㫆㫃㫀㪻
O
㫆㪽㪽㫀㪺㪼㪆㪺㫆㫄㫄㪼㫉㪺㫀㪸㫃
㫉㪼㫊㫀㪻㪼㫅㪺㪼
㫅㪼㪺㪼㫊㫊㪸㫉㫐㩷㫋㫆㫋㪸㫃㩷㫃㪸㫅㪻㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸
㫅㪼㪺㪼㫊㫊㪸㫉㫐㩷㫋㫆㫋㪸㫃㩷㫃㪸㫅㪻㩿㪹㫌㫀㫃㪻㫀㫅㪾㪀㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸
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㪈㪃㪏㪐㪎㪃㪍㪈㪌㪅㪉㪋㫄
㪉
㪍㪈㪅㪍㩼
㪈㪍㪃㪉㪏㪈㫄㩷㪁㪍㪔㩷㪐㪎㪃㪍㪏㪍㫄
㪛㪼㫋㪸㪺㪿㪼㪻㩷㪿㫆㫌㫊㪼㫊
㪉
㩿㫄㫆㫉㫀㩷㫋㫆㫎㪼㫉㩷㪹㫌㫀㫃㪻㫀㫅㪾㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸㪑㩷㪈㪍㪃㪉㪏㪈㫄㪀
㪤㫆㫉㫀㩷㪫㫆㫎㪼㫉
㪉
㪊㪉㪅㪋㩼
residential floor area
㪐㪅㪉㩼
workplace land area
㪉
1,000,503m
㪊
㪍㪉㪅㪋㩼
residential floor area
2
923,541.53m
㫅㪼㪺㪼㫊㫊㪸㫉㫐㩷㫋㫆㫋㪸㫃㩷 㪽㫃㫆㫆㫉㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸 㪉㪉㪅㪎㩼
workplace floor area
㪐㪅㪉㩼
total school area
㪋㪅㪎㩼
park, green belt area
㪉
㪈㪃㪋㪐㪌㪃㪏㪐㪈㪅㪎㪐㫄
㪈㪅㪇㩼
㪈
hospital floor area (tama nagayama hospital)
㪈 㫋㫆㫋㪸㫃㩷㫊㪺㪿㫆㫆㫃㩷㫊㫋㫌㪻㪼㫅㫋㫊㪑㩷㪉㪃㪐㪋㪊
㪉
2
㫅㪼㪺㪼㫊㫊㪸㫉㫐㩷㫋㫆㫋㪸㫃㩷 㫃㪸㫅㪻㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸
total school land area
㪈㪅㪌㩼
340,045.49m 2
2
㪉
㪈㪃㪏㪐㪎㪃㪍㪈㪌㪅㪉㪋㫄
2
㪋㪅
44,145m
㪉
park, green belt area
137,705m
㪋㪅㪌㩼
hospital land area (tama nagayama hospital)
16,091m
㪈㪊㪅㪌㩼
road area
415,800m
㪊㪏㪅㪋㩼
other land-use area
1,182,384.76m
㪐㪉㪊㪃㪌㪋㪈㪅㪌㪊㪆㪉㪔㩷㪋㪍㪈㪃㪎㪎㪇㪅㪎㪍㫄 㪉 㪋㪍㪈㪃㪎㪎㪇㪅㪎㪍㪆㪇㪅㪍㪔㪎㪍㪐㪃㪍㪈㪎㪅㪐㪋㫄 㪉 㪎㪍㪐㪃㪍㪈㪎㪅㪐㪋㪁㪈㪅㪊㪔㩷㪈㪃㪇㪇㪇㪃㪌㪇㪊㫄 㪉
㪉
㪉
㪋
㫋㫆㫋㪸㫃㩷㫊㪺㪿㫆㫆㫃㩷㪽㫃㫆㫆㫉㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸㪑㩷㪉㪐㪋㪊㪁㪈㪉㫄㩷㪔㩷㪊㪌㪃㪊㪈㪍㫄 㪉 㪉 㫋㫆㫋㪸㫃㩷㫊㪺㪿㫆㫆㫃㩷㫇㫃㪸㫐㪾㫉㫆㫌㫅㪻㩷㪸㫉㪼㪸㪑㩷㪉㪐㪋㪊㪁㪈㪉㫄㩷㪔㩷㪊㪌㪃㪊㪈㪍㫄
㪉㪅
㪉
㪇㪅㪌㩼
23,968m
㪉
㪉
㪉
㩿㪊㪌㪃㪊㪈㪍㪆㪋㩿㪽㫃㫆㫆㫉㫊㪀㩷㪂㩷㪊㪌㪃㪊㪈㪍㫄㪔㩷㪋㪋㪃㪈㪋㪌㫄㪀
70,632m
137,705m
㪉
283,371.24m
㪊㪅
㪉
㪊㪋㪇㪃㪇㪋㪌㪅㪋㪐㪆㪉㪔㩷㪈㪎㪇㪃㪇㪉㪉㪅㪎㪋㫄㪉 㪉 㪈㪎㪇㪃㪇㪉㪉㪅㪎㪋㪔㩷㪉㪏㪊㪃㪊㪎㪈㪅㪉㪋㫄
㪉
㪊㪅㪇㪏㫂㫄㩷㪁㪇㪅㪈㪊㪌㩿㪸㫍㪼㫉㪸㪾㪼㩷㩼㩷㫆㪽㩷㫉㫆㪸㪻㩷㫀㫅㩷㫋㪸㫄㪸㩷㪺㫀㫋㫐㪀㩷㪔㩷㪋㪈㪌㪃㪏㪇㪇㫄
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 75
Density for Living Concept void
solid
Suwa/Nagayama
>
+ void 50%
solid
50% Rome
House Moriyama
=
= void
solid
เกฎsolid and void are equal value. เกฎnew index of density which alternates building coverage. เกฎdecent balance(density) is essential to vibrant community.
void
solid
community present design strategy design solid (personal property) and its function first, and left over space ends up to be the void.
design strategy of 2050 design void (buffer zone) and its function first, then design the connection between the solid.
Density for Living Accessibility
walk-able distance Walking distances is short in the southern part of the غDistance became short KP south part of station 㧔 there are of up and down windingroads road) station duea lot to many hills andand winding غThere are many houses not including in this distance
many housese are not included in walking distance
Problems Problem
Topography, shape of road, transportation, density topography, shape of the road , transportation, density
Possiblity:
1) cut down all hills and make the land flat Possibility 2) place elevators or esclators 3) build new roads to make more accessable 1㧚Cut down all hill and make the flat land 4) place housese along straight roads 2. Place the elevator or escalator 5) New transportation system 3㧚Build the new road to make more accessible 6) Place the every public facility and road houses inside 10 4㧚Place houses along the straight minute distance 5㧚New walking transportation system
6㧚Place every public facility and houses inside the 10 min
distance Strategy
Distance senior people 10 minute walk can walk in 10 minutes
(elderly)
Distance senior people can walk in 20 minutes 20 minute walk
(elderly)
Average walking speed of senior people ޓ1.05m/sѧ63m/min
Use Existing infrastructure (roads, hospitals, schools, etc), replace the housing inside the area that can Strategy get 10 minute accessibility Using existing infrastructure(road,hospital,school etc), replace
the housingfor inside the area that can get accessibility. Density living
Density that every person can reach public facilities living inѧDensity 10 minutefor walk
Density that every people can reach public facilities in 10 minutes walk
- When the inclination is 2.2 or more, 0.67 is multiplied as a decrease coefficient
Multi core present condition present condition:
Every public facility except schools gather around station
Every public facilities except for schools gather around station ޓ
hospitalޓlibraryޓpostofficeޓcommunity center police office
future condition Future condition: Place core of facilities and shops in 10 minute distance from Place the core(facilities and shops)in every 10 min distance from each house each house
Distance senior walk 10 minute people can walk in 10 minutes
present condition
future condition
INSIGHTS: sustainableTransportation housing and community design between core
core core
transportation
between core and core Electric bus Transit -Electrical bus rute
PAGE 77 and core
Density for Living Density for Living
societal needs.
Design elements: This is a case study of the “thid places” in all over the world. This could be helpful
Personal flow to design new community in Suwa /
Harvest Cafe, Cambridge, MA
that one lives with. The "second place" is
the workplace — where people may first place: home actually spend most of their time. Third second place: workplace places, then, are "anchors" of community third place: community life and facilitate and foster broader, more anchors that facilitate and creative interaction. All societies already foster broader creative inhave informal meeting places; what is teraction. informal new in modernThey times isare the intentionality of seeking them out as vital to current meeting places.
IMAGE
Harmonica Yokocho, Tokyo
case studies of the third place Case studies for One's third "first place" is the home and those the place
PLAN
ZONE DIAGRAM
METHODS
*located between *Located between functions functions *No border between spaces *no border between *Inside a cafe building spaces *inside a cafe building *human scaled *Human scaled narrow narstreet *Easystreet access row *Complex of small spaces *easy access *Roofed arcade *complex of small spaces *roofed arcade
Nagayama.
Elements
Personal flow Food service
The zone of people’ s moving flow.
It is often to be a street. A zone Retail between facility to facility.
Shimokitazawa, Tokyo
Flexible personal Space
Flexible personal space Residence
building, anywhere as long as indivisual activity could occur.
Building boundary
Food service (cafe,restaurant) Cafe, restaurant, pub, these are the place needed in a community. And these function would stimulate
Roadside Cafe, Kichijoji, Tokyo
A space that is open to everyone. It could be in public, inside a Office
Court Cafe, London
Design elements: personal flow Personal flow flexible personal space Flexible personal Space food service (cafe,restaurant) Food service retails Retail residence Residence office Office building boundary Building boundary
Bubble Bo01, Malmo
Building boundary
Riverside Restaurant, Copenhagen
Office
Tokyo International Forum, Tokyo
Residence
Street Restaurant, Denver
your thoughts and ideas.
Retails
*human scaled nar*Human scaled narrow street *Easy street access row *Surrounded by retails *easy access *Using the street as a space *surrounded by retail *using the street as a space *located between *Located between functions *Near the retail zone functions *Using the street as a space *near the retail zone *Near thethe residential areaas *using street a space *near residentail area *big street and large *Big street and large flow of flow of people people. *mixed retail *Mixed withwith the retail zone zone *Using the street as a space *Roofed space *using the street as a space *roofed space *narrow streets *Narrow streets *Court style space *court style space *Mixed withwith the retail *mixed thezone *Using the street retail zone as a space *using the street as space *Mixed zoning *Mixed useuse zoning *Near *Near thethe retailretail zone zone *using the street as *Using the street as a space the residential area a*Near space *Seperated flexible space *near the residential *seperated flexible space *Mono zoning *Mono useuse zoning *near the natural *Near the natural resource resource *Using the street as a space *Flexible the spacestreet connected *using as each other a tospace *flexible connected spaces *In office *In the the office zoningzoning *mobile *Mobile cafecafe facility facility *Large people flow *Large people flow
Considering about urban function and living function, some urban function
Density for Living
could be included in living unit. And spreaded urban function could be condensed and placed efficiently. Using the third place diagram, those
Diagram of “third place”
function could be more efficient to the users and could generate a place
Condensed Urban
Urban Function Urban Function
where various people communicate. It could create more sustainable and
Condensed Urban Function in Third Place Function Condensed Urban Function
“Howcommunity. can we compact the city?” vibrant Problem in Suwa / Nagayama
The planning based on functionalism made this urban function and living function totally seperate. Collecting these urban functions and URBAN condense it in a certain way, that could compact the city. LIVING *Education 1) Reclassification of living function *Space as a shelter *Medical 2) Recontext the urban function *IT platform *Multi Convenience Store 3) Design concept for “Third Place” *Sanitary (+drug store, daily goods) *Sleep function *Food Service Reclassification of living *Rest (cafe, restaurant, pub) Considering about urban function and living function, some urban function *Variation of living could be included in living unit. And spreaded urban function could be*Entertainment condensed and placed efficiently. Using the third place diagram, those*Third Place
Future Community to the residence
*Visible Information
*Shops
*Interactive Community
*Big Supermarket
*Ubiquitous Information Community
*Library
*Third Place
*Second School
*Community Concierge
*Post Office
*Just in Time Information
*Bank
*Intelligent House
*Administration
*Digital Home *Community Kitchen
function could be more efficient to the users and could generate a place
Condensed Urban
*Portable Information
Function in Third Place
where various people communicate. It could create more sustainable and vibrant community.
“What is third place?” 1) Tool for condensing the community 2) Place creating program LIVING 3) Connected place *Space as a shelter 4) Information hub *IT platform *Sanitary
flow
1. Consideration of main and sub human traffic flow consideration of human movement Future Community URBAN 2. Place of stimulation for thougts *Visible Information place + function customizable with new value to the residence *Education (Restaurant, Cafe, foodCommunity services) *Interactive *Shops food service stimulation of thought *Medical 3. Flexible place *Ubiquitous Information Community *Big Supermarket commerce *Multi Convenience Store choice of acitivity (Customizable place that you could feel fondness) *Third Place *Library (+drug store, daily goods)
*Sleep
*Food Service
*Rest
(cafe, restaurant, pub)
*Variation of living
*Entertainment
4. Consideration of synergistic effect *Community Concierge *Second School organic *Just in Time Information *Post Office 5. Places connected *Bank
6. IT technology platform House *Intelligent *Digital Home
*Administration
*Third Place
*Community Kitchen *Portable Information
“What is third place?” 1) Tool for condensing the community
flow
consideration of human movement
2) Place creating program
place + function
customizable with new value
Commerce
3) Connected place Functionalism Design 4) Information hub of Suwa/Nagayama
food service Isolated
Diagram of presence stimulation of thought
commerce
choice of acitivity
All the functions are not related to each other,
1. Consideration of main and sub human traffic flow 2. Place of stimulation for thougts (Restaurant, Cafe, food services)
Future network of third place
3. Flexible place
Urban Function
(Customizable place that you could feel fondness)
No connection
Data 4. Consideration ofIndivisual synergistic effect
Food Service Place + Function
5. Places connected organic Medical Facility
Indivisual Data
only considered in a 2D
6. IT technology platform
No 3D considerastion
plan. Lot of unused
Urban Function Community Server
spaces. It is possible to
Housing Unit
make a compact city with same capability of functions.
Change of Density
Portable Information
Distance to residence
IT Platform
Bad accessibility
*Informed indivisual database
Design Frame Proposal
Indivisual Data
*Wire-less data flow *Living-activity network
*Connection in 3D
dense, the community will be interact with each other. Functionalism Design only dense the community, ofNot Suwa/Nagayama considering the 3D zoning and All the functions are not connection, vibarant community related to each other, will be real. only considered in a 2D
Third place as a community hub
*Consideration of 3D
framework and making it
plan. Lot of unused
Third Place Unit
3D Flow
By desigining in this
Food Service
Commerce
By replacing the urban function into the residences
*Needs in living Commerce *Economy *Activity starter
and in of the third place, Future network third place
Diagram of presence
the form of living function
Urban Function could change. Placing the third place in the center
*Stimulation of thought *Activity starter Isolated *Workplace
of community and on the people flow, it will be a
No connection
Indivisual Data
place that people gather informally, and start a
Food Service Place + Function Indivisual Data No 3D considerastion
Medical Facility conversation. The “Third place” could be a catalyst
of vibrant community.
Place + Function
Urban Function *Place where you could find your place
Community Server
spaces. It is possible*Flexible to
Housing Unit
*Memorize system of your activity
make a compact city*Customizable with infill system same capability of functions.
Sub Flow Distance to residence Bad accessibility
Main Flow
*Informed indivisual database *Felxible to add more function *Wire-less data flow *Community Kitchen *Living-activity network *Community Laundry
*Main traffic flow of people Design Frame Proposal *All the function must be connected *Walkable, human scaled
By desigining in this *Accessibilty framework and making it
3D Flow *Consideration of 3DDiagram *Connection in 3D
dense, the community will be interact with each other. Not only dense the community,
*Stimulation of thought
considering the 3D zoning and
*Workplace
connection, vibarant community
of future proposal
*Activity starter
Change of Density
Indivisual Data Third Place Unit
Third place as a community hub
Commerce *Needs in living
Food Service
Portable Information
IT Platform Additonal Function
*Economy *Activity starter
By replacing the urban function into the residences and in the third place, the form of living function
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design PAGE 79 could change. Placing the third place in the center of community and on the people flow, it will be a place that people gather informally, and start a
Density for Living Density for Living
site
distance between the individuals
Defining the space between individuals ⁗⁞⁗ ⁗
Nagayama
detached housing (Tama, JP)
⁖⁗⁘⁛⁛⁛
⁗⁓⁞‒⁓⁕⁗‚⁂⁅‛ 㫊㫇㪸㪺㪼㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㫌㫅㫀㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㫆㫅㪼㩷㫇㪼㫉㫊㫆㫅㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫇㫆㫊㫊㪼㫊㫊㫀㫆㫅㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㫆㫅㪼㫊㪼㫃㪽㪅 㫊㫇㪸㪺㪼㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㫆㫅㪼㩷㪽㪸㫄㫀㫃㫐㪅㩷㪪㪿㪸㫉㪼㪻㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷㫃㫀㫄㫀㫋㪼㪻㩷㫄㪼㫄㪹㪼㫉㫊㪅 ⁗‒⁔⁘⁘⁗‒‚⁁‴‛ 㫊㫇㪸㪺㪼㩷㪹㪼㫋㫎㪼㪼㫅㩷㪽㪸㫄㫀㫃㫐㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫊㫆㪺㫀㪼㫋㫐㪅
⁕⁞⁗⁖‒⁔⁘⁘⁗‚‵‴‛ ⁔⁞⁛⁕‒⁓⁕⁗‚⁂⁇‛
㫊㫆㪺㫀㪼㫋㫐㪃㩷㪺㫀㫋㫐㪅㩷㪧㪼㫉㫊㫆㫅㪸㫃㩷㫇㫆㫊㫊㪼㫊㫊㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㪸㫇㪺㪼㩷㪸㫉㪼㩷㫅㫆㫋㩷㪸㫃㫃㫆㫎㪼㪻㪅
Open buffer zone QRGP DWHHGT \QPG ENQUGF DWHHGT \QPG closed buffer zone Suwa public housing complex RGTUQPCN URCEG personal space JQWUG DQWPFCT[ boundary (Tama, JP) house NCPF RTQRGTV[ DQWPFCT[ UVTQPI property boundary (strong) NCPF RTQRGTV[ DQWPFCT[ YGCM property boundary (weak) DNCPM URCEG RWDNKE URCEG
Density of site 100
(unit/ha)
100 GWL Terrain Borneo ޓSporenburg
٨
٨ 100
Suwa
studio apartment (Tama, JP)
80
Hageneilands
٨ 70
Accordia Living
٨ 59
Suwa studio apartment
(Delft, NE)
60
٨ 50
40
٨ 51 BedZed Suwa public housing complex ٨ 45 Hammerby ޓSjostad
Poundbury (Dorchester, UK)
20
٨ 32
Nagayama detached housing
٨ 20
Hageneilands ٨ 15
0
residence
Poundbury
mixed-use
Hammerby Sjostad (Stockholm, SE)
Typology of open buffer zone open
detached housing
multi-family housing
park model
BedZed
(Willington, UK)
Hageneilands GWL Terrain
street model Poundbury
Accordia Living (Cambridge, UK)
Accordia Living BedZed
terrace model
GWL Terrain (Amsterdam, NE)
Borneo Sporenburg
court model Hammerby Sjostad close
Borneo Sporenburg (Amsterdam, NE)
image
floor(site) plan
plan diagram
elevation diagram
Density for Living distance between the individuals
possession
self-contained
dependant to society
detached housing
public housing complex
studio apartment
shortcoming Shortcommings
detached housing Detached housing: >subtlety of connection with neighborhood *no space for connection with neighborhood (no space for connection) *load for>load maintenance, management high for elderly for maintenance,management is too big especialy for elderly *possession of property unadaptable totochanges >possession of property makes unadaptable changes of lifestyle >surplus of space as family shrinks
public housing complex Public Housing Complex: >subtlety of connection with neighborhood -no space for connection with neighborhood (no space for connection) -lack of housing typologies >lack of housing typologies -weak accessibility >weak accessibility -surplus of space as family shrinks >surplus of space as family shrinks studio apartment
Studio Apartment: >subtlety of connection with neighborhood (nofor space for connection)with neighborhood -no space connection >large dependence onpublic society facilities -large dependence on (not adaptable in places without public facility) -not adaptable to elderly who need support
studio apartment public housing complex
>not adaptable to elderly who needs support
detached housing
+ open buffer zone
open
closed
park
path
court
model
adaptable lifestyle
single-member residence for close household residence single-member *single member household *single member household *residence forrelated close related household residence single-member ޓhousehold ޓwith shared facility office residence residence with shared facility single-member dormitory for students household *office *dormitory for students
model
share
adaptable lifestyle
*single-family residence with*single-mother family with parents the need of support family with the single-mother single-family residence with parents ޓneed of support *elderly couple *elderly couple needing elderly couple elderly couple with the need of support support
*single family with children *single family low withwith children single-family income single-family with low income
*single family desiring detached housing single-family with orientation to detachedcouple, housing *retired leisure retired couple with the leisure time *wealthy single-family single-family with high income
*single-family with children *wealthy single family single-family with children *Large family with high income single-family
model
adaptable lifestyle
*single family with elderly *co-housing single- family with elderly co-housing
large family who needs large floor area
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
PAGE 81
Evaluation zone
If it is valuable to green the plan in percentage of 50%, Tama New Town, Suwa / Nagayama already has good environment. But is that a
Density for Living
good environment for living? The photo on the left above shows as if that Suwa / Nagayama has a good green environment. But this photo is
Pictures above shows that Suwa / Nagayama is lack of considering green in three dimentinal evaluation system.
taken from a high point and it is not an usual
Three dimensional minimum situation. It is not easy togreen feel green from human basic activity, sitting or standing. If it is valuable to green the plan in percentage It is significant to consider green in three of 50%, Tama New Town, Suwa / Nagayama dimensional evaluate system when you design already has good environment. But is that a green environment that effects the living. By good environment for living? The photo on the evaluating green in this way, the form of living left above shows as if that Suwa / Nagayama will change, and it could even change the life has a good green environment. But this photo is style. taken from a high point and it is not an usual situation. It is not easy to feel green from
Evaluation zone
Evaluatable green
Non evaluatable green
Two story building is even lack of consideration
Three dimensional evaluation system image
human basic activity, sitting or standing. It is significant to consider green in three dimensional evaluate system when you design green environment that effects the living. By
Evaluatable green
Non evaluatable green
evaluating green in this way, the form of living
Example of existing architecture in Japan
will change, and it could even change the life
From the left : NEXT21 (Osaka), NEXT21 (Osaka),
style.
Keyaki House (Tokyo), Nago City Hall (Okinawa) Two story building is even lack of consideration
Three dimensional evaluation system image
Example of existing architecture in Japan 3:00-5:00
12:00-14:00
15:00-17:00
From the left : NEXT21 (Osaka), NEXT21 (Osaka), 18:00-20:00 21:00-23:00 Keyaki House (Tokyo), Nago City Hall (Okinawa)
Ventilation Path Creating a sustainable new development, natural rsource from the sorroundings should be considered. The analysis map shows the average temperature in summer condition of Tokyo. Tama is one of the coolest city in Tokyo. Using this benefit more efficiently, Suwa / Nagayama would be more attractive. Designing the environment in point of the Average summer temperature of Tokyo; the green spot is Tama.
wind of the district could be one proposal. Designing the ventilation path could create a comfortable community.
3:00-5:00
12:00-14:00
15:00-17:00
18:00-20:00
21:00-23:00
Ventilation Path Creating a sustainable new development, natural rsource from the sorroundings should be considered. The analysis map shows the average temperature in summer condition of Tokyo. Tama is one of the coolest city in Tokyo. Using this benefit more efficiently, Suwa / Nagayama would be more attractive. Designing the environment in point of the Average summer temperature of Tokyo; the green spot is Tama.
wind of the district could be one proposal. Designing the ventilation path could create a comfortable community.
Current buildings ignorewith wind pathspath. The building is not designed ventilation
New Development should consider wind paths Designing with consideration could change the condition.
Hot and humid summer time is one of the big issue in living in Japan. Suwa / Nagayama has a potential of cool
In Tama, Summer windshows is from the Wind direction data of Tama; that in hotSouth summer, wind from south should be in consideration.
natural resource in the south part. Using this natural benefit with ventilation path would be part of solution.
Density for Living Utilization of existing stock
1.Conversion site
old image
image
plan
Queen Anne Queen Anne High School High School Condominiums Condos (Seattle/USA)
buildimg type
Classification of construction preservation of the originaN façade's original arched windows original hardwoods
School
(Seattle/USA) Residence
The Cobb Apartments The Cobb (Seattle/USA)
Restructuring preservation of the façade's hand-laid brickwork the original art deco style elevators
office
Apartment (Seattle/USA)
Residence
Restructuring preservation of the brick exterior front walls
Butlers Wharf (London/England) Wharf Butlers
Factory
(London/England)
Restructuring Residence
Gasometer (Viena/ AusGasometer tria)
preservation of the brick exterior front walls
Gas tank
(Viena/Austria)
Residence
Restructuring
2.Renovation la tour Bois-lePretre la tour Bois-le-Pretre Porte Pouchet Porte Pouchet (Paris/France) (Paris/France)
Residence
Airtight and insulation Addition of balcony Residence
Hellersdorf Hellersdorf Housing Housing Complex Complex (Berlin/Germany) (Berlin/Germany)
Residence
Residence
Leinefelde Leinefelde housing Housing complex Complex (Leinefelde/ (Leinefelde/ Germany) Germany)
Addition of Elevator
Addition of balcony
Residence Addition of Elevator Addition of balconyAddition of gardenmaisonnette
Residence
Reduce the volume
3.How it will work in TAMA How can use existing How can wewe use existing stock stock? Demolishing all buildings creates demolish oll buildings and rebuild ѧtoomuch mach environmental impact, many wastes too waste
Regeneration of Tama Chain Reaction Regeneration of Tama by Chainby Reaction O
O
component used as a structure for alternative complex
demolished buildings
O
new buildings existing housing complex
renovating all buildings does not solve “10 minute walk” problem conserve all buildings and renovate ѧwe have to gather and replace the housing inside the 10 min distance
2008
additional component used for third place
2020
2030
2050
Rebuild part and rebuild, demolish oneone part of buildings conserve one part of building and renovate. Renovate one part
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
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Density for Living Density for Living
Ventilation Path Ventilation Path
Concept Master Plan Green resource detached house comelex housing function core school
green resoure
detached house
complex housing function core school
Considering the natural wind resouce Considering the natural and planning the ventilation path, the wind resource and planning community will get a nice wind in the ventilation path willfrom summer. As summer wind comes provide summer south while winter wind ventilation comes from the north, this program will make and create a comfortable comfortable environment. environment.
Accessibility Accessibility
zoning diagram Zoning diagram
Topography considered Topography considered zoning, and zoningwalkable and distance walkable compactdistance community is needed in Suwa Nagayama. Making compact community are compact plan with third place as a hub, needed. Making a compact the accessibility could be lot better. plan with third place hubs would improve accessibility
Detailed Diagram Plan Detailed Diagram Plan
+20
+10
+10
Concept Diagram Concept diagram
Street view image Street View Image
-10
INSIGHTS
What insights can be drawn from this inquiry? Four rich and productive investigations were set up in the final inquiry. Much of the earlier charettes, lectures and research is rethought and incorporated into the projects. Each expressed different interests and goals, but common threads can be seen between the projects: 1. Such buzzwords as ‘green’ and ‘zero carbon’ mean little unless a designer has the expertise or can work in a team with experts to truly understand and address the term from numerous disciplines such as building systems, energy generation and use, landscape and ecology, food production, water systems, and habitat and forestry. This is a common thread from the lecturers, as well as evident from the indivdual research. 2. Sustainability can be defined environmentally, socially, and economically. All have different and sometimes competing interets which must be carefully balanced when planning for community growth. For Tama New Town, demographic diversity to sustain the population is an important social factor just as energy use and carbon creation are important environmental factors. 3. Sustainable technology was not a primary focus of the workshop. Although new smart technologies and I.T. present new strategies for sustainable design, understanding of natural systems and design principles, along with public awareness and education, will remain vital components to sustainable design. 4. As economies become more aligned with sustainable issues, new ideas of resource flow and proximities will redefine markets and inport/export models for Japan. More local food production and energy generation will have great importance in new community design. 5. Flexibility and mixing of densities and uses within the built environment creates more efficient land use, greater sense of community, and more resilient urban design. Sharing and overlapping resources increases efficiency as well. 6. Transit and mobility continue to be an important issue in neighborhood design, particularily for an aging population. Mobility and universal access will need to be addressed in Tama New Town. It is these investigations and common themes which provide a strong foundation, from which subsequent investigations will begin.
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
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PROFILE Adèle Santos, FAIA Dean, M.I.T. School of Architecture and Planning An architect and urban designer, her career combines professional practice, research and teaching. She is principal architect in the San Francisco-based firm, Santos Prescott and Associates. She has built work in Japan, South Africa and the United States. Eran Ben-Joseph M.I.T. Urban Studies and Planning Associate Professor Eran’s research and teaching interests include urban and physical design, standards and regulations, site planning technologies and urban simulation. Eran has worked as a landscape architect and urban planner in Europe, Asia, the Middle East and the US. Connie Chung M.I.T. Master of City Planning student From: Los Angeles/New York Prior to MIT, Connie was employed as a paralegal in real estate finance. She has a degree in business management from the University of Pennsylvania.
Shun Kanda MIT Department of Architecture Director, Advanced Japan Workshop
Andrew Scott M.I.T. Architecture Professor His work is centered upon Sustainable Architecture. The underlying theme in his work is the relationship of Architecture to today’s environmental needs; namely the creation of the built form relative to the limitations of the earth’s resources, ecological systems, global climate change, and the excessive use of energy. Chatherine Duffy M.I.T. Master of City Planning student From: Chicago, IL Catherine is interested in urban design. Prior to her studies at MIT, she studied graphic design and painting.
Chris Guignon M.I.T. Master of Architecture student From: Burlington, VT Chris’s interest in architecture began in Japan during early visits to mountain temples in Kyushu. His interests include Japanese traditional architecture, philosophy and architecture, and more recently, sustainability.
Mary Hale M.I.T. Master of Architecture student Mary’s design work has been recognized in international publications and awarded by the Schnitzer Foundation for the Visual Arts.
Haruka Horiuchi M.I.T. Master of Architecture student From: Havertown, PA Haruka is currently a 3rd year Masters of Architecture student at M.I.T.
Jesse Hunting M.I.T. Master of City Planning student From: Philadelphia, PA Jesse has a degree of Landscape Architecture from the University of Pennsylvania and is interested in sustainability and mass-produced housing.
Cha-ly Koh M.I.T. Master of City Planning student From: Malaysia Cha-ly is interested in pedestrian movement and the design of public spaces in the urban environment, and has worked on relevant projects in London, Boston and Korea.
Deborah Morris M.I.T. Master of City Planning student From: New York City, NY She has a BA in History and History of Art from the University of Michigan. Interests include urban design policy, sustainable design, food planning, cultural tourism and historic preservation.
Alice Rosenberg M.I.T. Master of Architecture student Alice is interested in sustainable design, particularly building performance and efficiency of materials and systems. Having never been to Asia, she is looking forward to seeing Japan, and experiencing a completely new place and culture.
Laura Rushfeldt M.I.T. Master of Architecture student From: Wayzata, Minnesota Laura holds a Bachelor of Science in Architecture from the University of Ohio.
Sarah Snider M.I.T. Master of City Planning student From: Denver, CO Sarah received her Architecture and Urban Planning bachelor degrees from the University of Virginia. She is LEED certified and interested in sustainability, city dynamics, agricultural preservation, and tourism as it relates to and defines a place.
Erica Weiss M.I.T. Master of Architecture student From: New Jersey/Philadelphia Currently a third year Masters of Architecture student at MIT, she has a Bachelor of Arts in Architecture from the University of Pennsylvania. She looks forward to returning to Philadelphia one day.
Kaori Miura Sekisui House, Ltd.
Kenta Konishi Sekisui House, Ltd.
Makoto Ochiai Sekisui House, Ltd.
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CREDITS
Image Credtis: page 26: James, Sarah and Torbjorn Lahti. The Natural Step for Communities: How Cities and Towns Can Change to Sustain able Practices. New Society Publishers, 2004. 304 pp. page 27: Daniel Pearl, Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Oeuf Architecture. < http://www.loeuf.com/index.php.en> page 28: Sasaki Associates. <http://www.sasaki.com> page 29: Kent Larson <http://web.media.mit.edu/~kll/> page 30: Atelier 10 <http://www.atelierten.com/>
Credits: Faculty (MIT): Dean Adele Santos, Professor Eran Ben Joseph, Professor Shun Kanda, Professor Andrew Scott Teachersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Assistant: W. Victoria Lee, Masters of Architecture Student, MIT Students (MIT): Masters of City Planning: Connie Chung, Catherine Duffy, Jesse Hunting, Chaly Koh, Deborah Morris, Sarah Snider Masters of Architecture: Christopher Guignon, Mary Hale, Haruka Horiuchi, Alice Rosenberg, Laura Rushfeldt, Erica Weiss Sekisui Staff: Kenta Konishi, Makoto Ochiai, Kaori Miura
Editor: Laura Rushfeldt, M.Architecture, MIT Department of Architecture. December 2008
INSIGHTS: sustainable housing and community design
School of Architecture & Planning Massachusetts Institute of Technology