BUILDING LANGUAGE ERIC CHAU INDS 702: INTERIOR DESIGN SEMINAR PROF. JOHN GAUL FALL 2020 - SCAD ATLANTA
TABLE OF CONTENTS ARCHITECTURE
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1.
Column types
10. Pediment
2.
Colonnade
11. Tracery
3.
Arcade
12. Reredos
4.
Window types
13. Trefoil
5.
Clerestory
14. Lucarne
6.
Chateau
15. Trelliswork
7.
Gargoyle
16. Half-timber
8.
Voussoir
17. Mural
9.
Tympanum
18. Tromple-l’oel
1. COLUMN TYPES
1. Columns ⬗A column is a vertical structural member intended to transfer a compressive load. ⬗A column might transfer loads from a ceiling, floor or roof slab or from a beam, to a floor or foundations.
⬗Made from steel, concrete, stone, timber which have good compressive strength. 3
1. COLUMN TYPES
Pillars
2. Pillars ⬗A pillar is a vertical support member and may be constructed as a single piece of timber or stone ⬗A pillar may have a load-bearing or stabilising function but it may also stand alone as an ornamental element, such as a commemorative pillar, or to maintain symmetry
⬗Pillar is commonly used in a row of columns in classic architecture 4
1. COLUMN TYPES
3. Pilasters ⬗A pilaster is a rectangular support that resembles a flat column against walls. ⬗Pilasters are traditionally used for decorative rather than structural purposes, often as a means of breaking up an otherwise empty expanse of wall.
⬗Pilasters often appear on the sides of a door frame or window opening on the facade of a building 5
2. COLONNADE
/kɒl.əˈ-neɪd/
⬗A colonnade is a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often freestanding, or part of a building
⬗The use of colonnades dates back to Ancient Greece and Roman architecture
where they were used for large public buildings to border open spaces, such as temples and marketplaces
⬗Made from materials such as marble, limestone and painted timber 6
2. ARCADE /ɑːˈ-keɪd/
⬗Arcade is a series of arches supported by columns or other vertical elements such as piers ⬗This can be used to form a passageway between arches and a solid wall, or a covered walkway providing access to commercial buildings or markets
⬗Arcades are structurally very strong, and so can carry large loads and stretch for large distances.
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4. WINDOW TYPES
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1. Double hung
2. Casement
3. Sliding window
4. Picture window
Have two sashes that move up and down.
Windows with hinges or pivots at the upright side of the vertically hung sash, so that it opens outward or inward.
Sliding windows are operated by moving a sash horizontally along a track.
A fixed-pane window, generally made without glazing bars.
4. WINDOW TYPES
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5. Awning window
6. Jalousie
7. Oriel window
8. Bay window
Top hinged window.
A blind or shutter made of a row of angled slats.
A form of bay window which protrudes from the main wall of a building but does not reach to the ground.
A bay window has three openings, available in angled projections.
5. CLERESTORY
⬗A clerestory is a type of window that is found at or near the roof line
⬗It often takes the form of a band of
windows across the tops of buildings that allow natural light in
⬗While clerestories were common
during the Roman and Gothic periods of architecture, they are still found today in large buildings such as halls, train stations, gymnasiums, and so on
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/ˈklir-stô-rē/
6. CHATEAU
/ˈsha-tōu/
⬗A Chateau is a manor house or residence of the lord of the manor, or a country house of nobility or gentry, and still most frequently, in French-speaking regions
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7. GARGOYLE /ˈɡɑːr-ɡɔɪl/ ⬗A Gargoyle
is a carved or formed grotesque with a spout designed to convey water from a roof and away from the side of a building, thereby preventing rainwater from running down masonry walls and eroding the mortar between
⬗A trough is cut in the back of the gargoyle and rainwater typically exits through the open mouth
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8. VOUSSOIR
/vo͞oˈ-swär/
⬗Voussoir is a wedge-shaped element, typically a stone, which is used in building an arch or vault
⬗The keystone is the centre stone or masonry unit at the apex of an arch ⬗The springer is the lowest voussoir on each side, located where the curve of the arch springs from the vertical support or abutment of the wall or pier
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9. TYMPANUM /ˈtim pə nəm/
⬗Tympanum is the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, door or window, which is bounded by an arc h ⬗It is usual for the tympanum to be decorated with religious imagery or intricate bas-relief sculpture
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10. PEDIMENT /ˈpe-də-mənt/
⬗A pediment is an architectural element found particularly in Classical architecture and its derivatives, consisting of a gable, usually of a triangular shape, placed above the horizontal structure of the lintel, or entablature, if supported by columns
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⬗The tympanum, the triangular area within the pediment, is often decorated with relief sculpture
11. TRACERY
/ˈtrā-sə-ri/
⬗Tracery is an architectural device by which windows are divided into sections of various proportions by stone bars or ribs of moulding
⬗It refers to the stonework elements that support the glass in a window
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12. REREDOS /ˈre-re-dos/
⬗Reredos is a large altarpiece, a screen, or decoration placed behind the altar in a church. It often includes religious images.
⬗Reredos can be made of stone, wood, metal, ivory
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13. TREFOIL
/ˈtri-foi/
⏗Trefoil is a term in Gothic architecture given to the ornamental foliation or cusping introduced in the heads of window-lights, tracery, and panellings
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14. LUCARNE
/ˈliu-can/
⬗ Lucarne is a window or opening high-up window
on an outside wall supports a hoist above doors on the floors below
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⬗ The original term French: lucarne refers to a dormer window, usually set into the middle of a roof
15. TRELLISWORK
⏗A trellis is an architectural structure, usually made from an open framework or lattice of interwoven or intersecting pieces of wood, bamboo or metal that is normally made to support and display climbing plants, especially shrubs
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16. HALF-TIMBER
⏗Half-timbering refers to a structure with a frame of load-bearing timber,
creating spaces between the timbers called panels, which are then filled-in with some kind of nonstructural material known as infill
⏗The frame is often left exposed on the exterior of the building
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17. MURAL /ˈmiu-rol/
⏗A mural is any piece of artwork painted or applied directly on a wall, ceiling or other permanent surfaces
⏗A distinguishing characteristic of mural painting is that the architectural
elements of the given space are harmoniously incorporated into the picture
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18. TROMPE L’OEIL
/trɑːmp-ˈlɔi/
⬗Trompe l’oeil is an art technique that uses realistic imagery to
create the optical illusion that the depicted objects exist in three dimensions
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⬗It has long been used by artists for paintings and murals, but can
also be found in architecture where walls, ceilings, domes and other surfaces are painted with designs that ‘trick’ the observer into seeing other features such as windows, columns, stonework, ornaments and so on
CONCLUSION
⏗All 18 architectural terms in my building language digital book are almost came from European architecture, the nest of art and architecture, that influence to the architecture around the world.
⏗In some cases, the terminologies may have 2 or more different meanings depending
on the context. In addition, some terminologies can be interchangeable in some types of construction; for example, columns and pillars or tympanum and pediment.
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REFERENCE
⬗
Architecture Lab. (2019). 27 Unique Types of Windows for Your Future Home. Architecture Lab. Retrieved from https://www.architecturelab.net/types-of-windows/
⬗
Aubrey, D. (2011). The Romanesque Tympanum. Via Lucis Press. Retrieved from https://vialucispress.wordpress.com/2011/03/12/theromanesque-tympanum-dennis-aubrey/
⬗
Craven, J. (2018). Trompe l'Oeil Art Fools the Eye. ThoughCo. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-trompe-loeil-177829
⬗
Design Building Wiki. (2018). Types of Column. Design Building Wiki. Retrieved from https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Types_of_column
⬗
Natural Homes. (2017). Timber Framing Styles: Half-Timbered. Natural Homes. Retrieved from http://naturalhomes.org/permahome/framing-half-timbered.htm
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Wikiwand. (2015). Trellis (architecture). Wikiwand. Retrieved from https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Trellis_(architecture)
⬗
Vadnal, J. (1997). Glossary of Medieval Art and Architecture. Pitt. Retrieved from https://www.pitt.edu/~medart/menuglossary/plate.htm
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THANK YOU FOR WATCHING ERIC CHAU
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