Liceo científico tecnoLógico engadi nombre erika yasmin cutzaL abaj grado
cuarto medicina
sección “ c” cLave “9” materia
ingLes
catedrática meLina chivLchon fecha de entrega
trabajo
3/05/2016
tiempos simpLes
introduction What is a verb? What is a verb? The easiest way to put it is that a verb is a word used to describe an action (even when you can not see such action). This is true in both English and Spanish. Verbs are different from other words, because there are different people doing the action and there are different times in which the action is executed or intends to run. There are also auxiliary verbs that are used to create composite forms of verbs. VERBAL FIVE TIMES THE ESSENTIAL: * •
PRESENT (present)
•
SIMPLE PAST (past tense)
•
PRESENT PERFECT (I have, you have, ha)
•
FUTURE INFORMAL..... ('I will' - 'I am going to')
•
FORMAL FUTURE (future) 'will'
•
Three times to tell: *
•
Present Progressive - Progressive present
•
PAST PROGRESSIVE - past progressive
•
PAST PERFECT - (had) last pefecto
dedication •
dedicate to schooL engadi
•
but first god
•
and another person Who gave him is because my parents have given me the opportunity to continue studying
•
and i dedicate it to the teacher of engLish
simpLe present
When we talk about the different tenses, we need to talk about how to form the tense and use when. Therefore, in this lesson, as with all other tenses lessons, we will look at the structure and use.
GRAMATICAL RULES To combine this we use the simple infinitive for subjects. Example "I", "you", "us" and "them" and another for "he", "she" and "her", added a "-s" at the end of the verb.
SUBJECT CONJUGATION •
I, you, we, they talk, eat, learn, do, go...
•
He, She, talk, eat, learn, do, going...
Note:
There are exceptions of spelling in the third person, according to the letter verb ending. The rules are the same as those used to form the plural of nouns. For more information, see the lesson on the names
ESTRUCTURE
1. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE Subject + verb. EXAMPLES:
•
I speak
•
He eats.
•
They learn.
2. NEGATIVE SENTENCES Subject + auxiliary verb (do) + auxiliary negative ( "no") + verb. Examples:
•
I do not speak.
•
He does not eat.
•
They do not learn.
Note: In negative sentences, the auxiliary verb ( "to do") changes and the main verb is in the infinitive.
4. INTERROGATIVES Auxiliary verb (to do) + subject + main verb? EXAMPLES: •
Do you speak?
•
Does he eat?
•
Do they learn?
NOTE: As in negative sentences, interrogative sentences in the auxiliary verb ( "to do") changes and the main verb is in the infinitive.
For more information about the structure of sentences, see the lesson, make sentences For more information about the structure of sentences, see the lesson, construct sentences.
APPLICATIONS
The present simple is used to talk about things that usually happen. Unlike the Spanish, the simple present is not used to talk about something that is happening at the moment in which we speak. It is typically used with the present simple adverbs of time: •
(Always), (every day (normally),
•
(Often), (sometimes), (rarely)
•
(Almost never), (never) ...
EXAMPLES:
•
I always talk to my mother on Sunday.
•
Never eats vegetables.
•
Usually they learn something new in class.
EXCEPTION: Time adverbs go before the verb, except the verb "to be" (ser / estar). When USA "To be" verb goes before the adverb.
EXAMPLES:
•
I'm always glad
•
He often sick this.
•
Rarely late.
simpLe present Simple is the most common form. The simple past tense in English is equivalent to the indefinite imperfect and past tense of the Spanish past. We use the past simple to complete actions in the past. The time period of these actions is not important as in Spanish. In the past simple and there are regular verbs irregular verbs. GRAMATICAL RULES FORM To form the past simple regular verbs, we use the infinitive and add the ending "-Ed". The form is the same for everyone (I, you, he, she, it, we, they). EXAMPLES:
•
want → wanted
•
→ learn Learned
•
stay → stayed
•
Walked =walk →
•
Showed= show →
EXCEPTIONS: 1. for verbs that end in "e" only add "-d". EXAMPLES:
•
change → changed
•
Believed= believe →
2. If the verb ends in a short vowel and a consonant (except "and" or "w"), double the final consonant.
EXAMPLES:
•
→ stop= stopped
•
Committed =commit →
3. With verbs ending in a consonant and a "and" changed the "y" with an "i". EXAMPLES:
•
Studied =study →
•
try → tried
NOTE There are many irregular verbs in English. Unfortunately, there is no established standard for train. See a list of irregular verbs here. Then you have the three most common irregular verbs and acting as auxiliary verbs. PAST SIMPLE VERB •
I am was (I, he, she, it)
•
Were (you, we, They)
•
do =did
•
Have= had
PRONUNCIATION We pronounce the ending "-ed" differently depending on the letter that the end of the infinitive. In general the "e" is silent. 1. Infinitives ending in "p", "f", "k" and "s" (voiceless consonants except "t") pronounce the ending "-ed" as a "t". EXAMPLES:
•
Looked [lukt]
•
Kissed [Kisst]
2. Infinitives ending in "b", "g", "l", "m", "n", "v", "z" (voiced consonants except "d") or a vowel, we pronounce only "d". EXAMPLES:
•
yelled [jeldf]
•
cleaned [klind]
3. Infinitives ending in "d" or "t", pronounce the "e" and "i". EXAMPLES:
•
ended [endid]
•
Waited [weitid]
ESTRUCTURE 1. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES Subject + main verb… EXAMPLES:
•
He was a doctor.
•
The keys were in the drawer.
•
I wanted to dance.
•
They learned English.
•
We believed him.
•
I bought a blue car.
2. NEGATIVE SENTENCES To be: Subject + "to be" + "not" ... EXAMPLES:
•
She was not a doctor.
•
The keys were not in the drawer.
NOTE: The verb "to have got", which in the present simple follow the same rules as the verb "to be" can not be used in the past. To indicate possession in the past, we use the verb "to have". ALL OTHER VERBS: Subject + auxiliary verb (to do) + "not" + main verb (infinitive) ... EXAMPLES:
•
I did not want to dance.
•
They did not learn English
•
We did not believe.
•
I did not buy a blue car.
NOTE: In negative sentences, the auxiliary verb is in the past (“did") and the main verb is the infinitive. 3. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES To be: "To be" + subject...? EXAMPLES:
•
He was a doctor?
•
They were the keys in the drawer?
APPLICATIONS 1. The past tense is used to talk about a concrete action that began and ended in the past. In this case equivalent to the Spanish preterite. Generally, we use it with adverbs of time as "last year", "yesterday", "last night”... EXAMPLES:
•
Tom stayed home last night.
•
Kate worked last Saturday.
•
I did not go to the party yesterday.
•
Have you gone to school this morning
2. The simple past is used for a series of actions in the past. EXAMPLES:
•
I received the good news and immediately called my husband.
•
He studied for an hour in the morning, worked all afternoon and did not return home until 10 pm.
•
We also use it for repeated or habitual actions in the past, as the Spanish past is used.
EXAMPLES:
•
We are traveling to Cancun during the holidays when we were young)
•
He walked five kilometers to work every day.
•
We use stories or actions for long periods of time in the past, as the Spanish imperfect.
EXAMPLES:
•
He worked in a museum for many years.
•
Not eat meat for years.
5. USED TO SPEAK IN GENERALITIES OR PAST EVENTS. EXAMPLES:
•
The Aztecs lived in Mexico
•
He played guitar as a child.
reguLar verbs Most verbs are regular verbs. Regular verbs are those whose past tense and past participles are formed by adding a -d or an -ed to the end of the verb. "To roll" is a good example of a regular verb: •
roll, rolled, rolled
Sometimes the last consonant must be doubled before adding the -ed ending.
FOR EXAMPLE: •
plan, planned, planned
English regular verbs change their form very little (unlike irregular verbs). The past tense and past participle of regular verbs end in -Ed, FOR EXAMPLE: • work, worked, worked But you should note the following points: 1. Some verbs can be both regular and irregular, for example: • learn, learned, learned learn, learnt, learnt 2. Some verbs have one meaning when regular and a different meaning when irregular, for example the verb to hang:
base regular
past
past participle
hang hanged hanged
irregular hang hung
hung
meaning
example
to kill or die, by When will they hang dropping with a the murderer? / They rope around have hanged him the neck already. He washanged at dawn. to fix something (for example, a picture) at the top so that the lower part is free
Where will you hang the new picture? / I’ve hung it already. I hung it in the lobby.
3. The present tense of some regular verbs is the same as the past tense of some irregular verbs, for example the verbs to found and to find:
present past regular
found
irregular find
past participle
meaning
example
founded founded
to start or Did Steve Jobs establish an found Apple? organization such as a school Reed's School or business was founded by Andrew Reed.
found
to discover something
found
irreguLar verbs
Where did youfind your keys? / I found them in the car.
There is no formula to predict how an irregular verb will form its past-tense and past-participle forms. There are over 250 irregular verbs in English. Although they do not follow a formula, there are some fairly common irregular forms. Some of these forms are: •
break, broke, broken
•
cut, cut, cut
•
run, ran, run
•
meet, met, met
•
come, came, come
•
repay, repaid, repaid
•
swim, swam, swum
•
be was/were been
Infinitive
Simple Past
Past Participle
Spanish
arise
arose
arisen
surgir
be
was / were
been
ser
beat
beat
beaten
golpear
become
became
become
convertirse
begin
began
begun
comenzar
bet
bet/betted
bet/betted
apostar
bite
bit
bitten
morder
bleed
bled
bled
sangrar
blow
blew
blown
soplar
break
broke
broken
romper
bring
brought
brought
traer
build
built
built
construir
buy
bought
bought
comprar
catch
caught
caught
atrapar
choose
chose
chosen
elegir
come
came
come
venir
cost
cost
cost
costar
creep
crept
crept
arrastrarse
cut
cut
cut
cortar
deal
dealt
dealt
dar, repartir
do
did
done
hacer
draw
drew
drawn
dibujar
dream
dreamt/dreamed
dreamt/dreamed
so単ar
drink
drank
drunk
beber
drive
drove
driven
conducir
eat
ate
eaten
comer
fall
fell
fallen
caer
feed
fed
fed
alimentar
feel
felt
felt
sentir
fight
fought
fought
pelear
find
found
found
encontrar
flee
fled
fled
huir
fly
flew
flown
volar
forget
forgot
forgotten
olvidar
forgive
forgave
forgiven
perdonar
forsake
forsook
forsaken
abandonar
freeze
froze
frozen
congelar
get
got
got
tener, obtener
give
gave
given
dar
go
went
gone
ir
grind
ground
ground
moler
grow
grew
grown
crecer
hang
hung
hung
colgar
have
had
had
tener
hear
heard
heard
oĂr
hide
hid
hidden
esconderse
hit
hit
hit
golpear
hold
held
held
tener, mantener
hurt
hurt
hurt
herir, doler
keep
kept
kept
guardar
kneel
knelt
knelt
arrodillarse
know
knew
known
saber
lead
led
led
encabezar
learn
learnt/learned
learnt/learned
aprender
leave
left
left
dejar
lend
lent
lent
prestar
let
let
BIBLIOGRAPHY •
. www.cursoingles.com/aprender/cursos/...basico/...present/presentsimple
•
www.cursoingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel.../verb...past/past-simple
•
www.cws.illinois.edu/workshop/.../irregularverbs
•
https://www.englishclub.com/.../regular-verbs.htm
•
www.ingles-gratis123.com/.../393-tiempo-presente-eningles-introduccio.