ERIC TSE Columbia University M.Arch Degree Candidate 2010 Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation
[ 3 ] ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB Core Studio I (FA2007) Mark Rakatansky, critic [ ENACTMENT ]
[ 2 ] MUSEUM OF DELINEATION Core Studio II (SP2008) Alice Chun, critic [ MATERIAL STUDY ]
[ 1 ] LIVINGSPACE Core Studio III (FA2008) Ada Tolla & Giuseppe Lignano, critics [ RESEARCH ]
[ 4 ] HALITE MIRAGE Advanced Studio V (FA2009) Francois Roche with Marc Fornes, critics [ SCRIPTING NARRATIVES ]
The following projects represent the work completed in the Master of Architecture program at GSAPP. Throughout the years, I took the opportunity to explore new methodologies in order to challenge my own architectural ideology. The work is presented here in a reordered flow to reflect my developed approach to the design process.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[ 6 ] SOLADIUM Advanced Studio IV (SP2009) David Benjamin, critic [ OPTIMIZATION ]
[ 8 ] ARTISAN LOFTS Building Systems II (FA2009) Robert Condon with Russell Davies, critics [ CONSTRUCTION ]
[ 5 ] COMPUTING KAIZEN
[ 7 ] BUTTERFLY
Advanced Studio VI (SP2010) Toru Hasegawa and Mark Collins, critics [ COMPUTATION ]
Core Studio III (SP2010) Joe Vidich, critic [ DIGITAL FABRICATION ]
LIVINGSPACE 2000 UNIT HOUSING SCHEME JERSEY CITY, NJ WASTE / EARTH Waste is constantly around us. We have become indoctrinated by hyper capitalist consumerism and are blind to the profound impacts on the environment and other human societies. But we can no longer ignore the massive problems that our wasteful attitude is creating all around the world - it won’t be long before all our landfills are pushed to maximum capacity, waterways are poisoned, and natural resources are depleted. There needs to be a fundamental shift in our approach to production, consumption, and disposal. SELF-SUSTAINING CYCLICAL INFRASTRUCTURES LivingSPACE aims to tranform urban living and break the current linear process of destructive activity by implementing an architecture that promotes self-sustaining cyclical infrastructures and communal beneficence. The project proposes a solution that forces urban dwellers to sever their dependency on the corrupt systems that are currently in place and participate in a new way of living.
CORE STUDIO III (Fall 2008) with Ruth Mandl Ada Tolla & Giuseppe Lignano, critics
LIVINGSPACE WASTE/COMPOST
The architecture seeks to exploit the potential advantages and adjacencies inherent in waste to remediate earth, produce energy, and improve social relationships. Instead of being a neglected by-product of consumption, waste becomes a principal actor in the narrative between humans and buildings while infrastructure is the stage that brings everything to life.
site boundary
TILT, STACK, LIGHT
Setbacks and tilted orientation towards the sun increase sunlight exposure. Space between SECTION clusters allows for green space, air flow, and more sunlight. In order to strictly adhere to the site boundaries, the 2000 units are stacked into clusters but then the clusters are pulled apart vertically, thus creating a porous building.
ROTATE, CIRCULATE, COMPOST TEA
site boundary
When compost COMPOST TEA is steeped in water and aerated over a period of 1-3 days, the beneficial micro-organisms and nutrients will leach into the water, creating compost tea. The composting process requires a balanced composition of organic waste, as well as sufficient moisture and air, in order to produce healthy compost with some byproduct usable heat
Rotated orientation to the south increases sunlight exposure. The compost tea system is PLAN placed beneath the washroom to take advantage of proximity to organic kitchen waste and treated water from the washroom, before heading down to another unit.
CS.III
WASTE STREAM COMPOSITION
HOW IS TRASH MANAGED?
food waste 12.4% yard waste 12.9%
landfilling 133.3 MT 54% nondurable goods 25.5%
WASTE RESEARCH
recycling 58.4 MT 24%
containers and packaging 31.7%
durable goods 16%
1
composting 20.6 MT 8% incineration 33.4 MT 14%
24-50% of current waste can be composted to reduce strain on landfills
compost tea in
COMPOST TEA PIPES
Diagram of one bedroom unit showing compost tea pipes coming from unit above, radiant floor heating supplied by byproduct heat of aerobic decomposition process, and solid waste recycling chutes.
compost tea out
LIVINGSPACE
6ft
chinese banana self-pollinating full sun to partial shade, matures on tree, ripens once picked
vanilla self-pollinating full sun to partial shade seed pod is commercial vanilla.
3ft
cucumber 3 inches 4ft - 12ft
passion flower
avocado
self-pollinating full sun ripens on vine
self-pollinating requires full sun matures on tree, but ripens once picked good if ripened with bananas
8ft
4ft
eggplant dwarf citrus self-pollinating full sun fruit ripens on tree
PLANTS
self-pollinating full sun to partial shade water and fertilizer heavy. 65 indoors
self-pollinating full sun to partial shade water and fertilizer heavy. disease resisrant.
fig self-pollinating likes cool, moist atmosphere in winter.
Each unit type accommodates a different plant type in terms of size and compost tea infrastructure
trees / 3 bdrm
low growing / 2 bdrm
vines / 1 bdrm
flowers / studio
Each unit type (studio to three bedroom) accommodates a different geometric plant typology (flower, low-growing UNITS crop, vine-growing crop, tree) through a system of pipes that distributes compost tea, both as a foliar spray and soil-based application for protection and nutrients.
CS.III
COMPOST TEA PIPES
2
Interior rendering of one bedroom unit showing plant growth on compost tea pipes for privacy and garden crops at exterior window. Pipes both circulate compost tea throughout the system and provide structure on which plants can grow.
LIVINGSPACE
CROSS SECTION
CS.III
BUILDING LAYERS The building is composed of several layers at varying scales. The units face outwards on the east and west sides, supported by a lighter structural system closer to the facade with heavier support in the center. The circulation occurs in the middle through a series of ramps, stairs, and elevators. Solid waste is transported by a system of separated chutes from each unit to collection points at the base, which are connected to the train for direct disposal to be shipped away.
west side units core with connection to train v frame system recycling chutes with deposit to train compst tea pipes east side units
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journal square
2000 unit housing scheme in tight site conditions at Journal Square, Jersey City, on the PATH Train. The building strictly SITE PLAN adheres to the site boundaries and so the units are pulled apart vertically to allow light to penetrate through the facade.
3
LIVINGSPACE COMMUNAL SPACES
Crop production takes place at the exterior face, such that the clustering and accumulation of units creates a veritable living wall when viewed from the outside. Some of the crop produced from each unit can be consumed by the occupants, while the rest can be traded for other food or sold to the wider community. The plan illustrates the clusters of units separated by large spaces, which provide local green areas, while there are larger communal zones at the ends of the building.
LONG SECTION
CS.III
1:100 MODEL
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LIVINGSPACE
CS.III
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MUSEUM OF DELINEATION DRAWING CENTER New York, NY DRAWING & ARCHITECTURE Drawing is the most effective means of communication in architecture. It is used to initiate dialogue with one’s own thoughts, as well as the thoughts of others. It can be expressive, self-reflexive, didactic, operative, directive, and/ or experimental. Without drawing, modern architecture would be impossible. Since ancient times, developments in drawing have paralleled advancements in architecture – through new ways of drawing, individuals were better able conceive of their ideas and express those ideas to other people. Above all, drawing is a means of connecting people in a way that words cannot achieve and so drawing in architecture is about connecting people to their built environment. DRAWING IN ARCHITECTURE Line is the essence of drawing. Drawing gives form to architecture. How can line manifest in architecture? The Museum of Delineation explores the ways in which line can be employed at different scales of the built environment from structure to sight to circulation.
CORE STUDIO II (Spring 2008) Alice Chun, critic
MUSEUM OF DELINEATION
MATERIAL STUDIES
Conceptual model exploring system of organized chaos, where sticks start off colinear and gradually begin to inter-weave, while another layer of string connects similar joints.
CS.II
1
public
structure
gallery
garden
circulation
Material study combined with programmatic SECTIONAL SKETCH areas of structure, building systems, circulation, gallery, and garden.
Iterative process of scoring sticks randomly on one of four sides, then ITERATIVE PROCESS bending the sticks along score lines to make them twisted, and finally combining them together.
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MUSEUM OF DELINEATION SYSTEM OF LINES
The structure is cantilevered off the orthogonal core at the back party wall and then elements weave together in order to form a structural lattice free of columns. The gardens up top are used to collect and filter rain water for use in the building, while the roof directs rain water to the hanging gardens at the facade.
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CS.II
OUTDOOR DRAWING WALL
CONFERENCE AND EVENT SPACE
SECTION B-B
STAFF CURATORIAL
STORAGE
ARTIST VIEWING SLIDE REGISTRY BEYOND
STORAGE
OUTDOOR DRAWING WALL
CONSERVATION WORK AREA
PORTFOLIO ROOM
STORAGE
STORAGE
CONFERENCE AND EVENT SPACE
STORAGE
STORAGE
CONFERENCE AND EVENT SPACE
STORAGE
SECTION C-C
2
MUSEUM OF DELINEATION
OUTDOOR DRAWING WALL BEYOND
CAFE / GARDEN
DRAW ROOM
INFO / THEATER
GALLERY
DIGITAL DISPLAY
DISPLAY
DIGITAL DRAWING
GALLERY DISPLAY
DIGITAL DRAWING
Spaces are articulated by linear building elements, from long exhibition galleries to open conferenc CROSS SECTION also weave back and forth to provide cross pollination of spaces. Denvsity of members defines visual porosity, light pen
CS.II
OUTDOOR DRAWING WALL BEYOND
WING MS GARDEN
DIGITAL DISPLAY
G
CONFERENCE AND EVENT SPACE
CONFERENCE AND EVENT SPACE DISPLAY
ce areas. Circulation pathways netration, and movement.
PUBLICATION LIBRARY
3
MUSEUM OF DELINEATION
EXTERIOR VIEW
GALLERY SPACE
Model shows facade compo 1/4” = 1’-0” MODEL of density according to light requirements of specific cantilever off the storage space at the back and wea
osed of individual elements in varying degrees interior program, while individual elements ave to create a stable structural system.
CS.II
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MUSEUM OF DELINEATION
CS.II
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ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB CLIMATOLOGY CENTER New York, NY PRESSURE & RELEASE IN ATMOSPHERE The processes of pressure and release are important forces in climate change, which is a significant concern in the face of global warming and depleting resources. PRESSURE & RELEASE IN ARCHITECTURE An Atmospheric Research Lab situated in the most global of places, New York City, will help to educate people on the issues at hand and exert pressure on communities at all levels in order to ameliorate the impact of human actions on the environment. The design responds to various surrounding pressures including the park, water, pathways, and program, which cause corollary releases. The building acts as a beacon of communication through both function and architecture.
CORE STUDIO I (Fall 2007) Mark Rakatanksy, critic
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB
CS.I
ex
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Section perspective showing the building dipping down towards VIEW OF PATH the water, as the pedestrian path cuts through the site with program area above
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5th
pedestrian traffic bicycle traffic
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ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB
CROSS SECTION
Through lab area circulation
CS.I
BUILDING RELEASE
The lab responds to various pressures from the site and program, such as pedestrian flow, existing park conditions, or vertical circulation, in order to release from its original regular form.
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ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB
CS.I
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HALITE MIRAGE DESERT LABYRINTH DEATH VALLEY, CA PROTOCOL OF LIFE AND DEATH This project negotiates the vibration between life and death, construction and destruction. Its physicality is determined by a natural salt substance, which negotiates the cycle of Cradle 2 Cradle. The substance is affected by agents (biological, chemical, physical, etc), which both give life and take life. These basic substances and interactions produce complex morphologies, which are artificially generated by advanced computational methods. THE BATTLE OF IMPERMANENCY Halite Mirage explores the blurred conditions of reality as a reaction to the principle of optical perception that dominates humans. The project posits a game of lies, cultivating a field of ambiguity where reality and illusion come too close to be distinguished. The human consciousness is tortured in the hot and arid environment of the desert salt beds, taking advantage of the extreme conditions of this biotope to disable the common ability of perception. From the accumulation of salt water following the rare flash flood in Death Valley grows an ephemeral crystalline labyrinth, emerging into existence for a brief period of time, before dissolving back into the ground.
ADVANCED STUDIO V (Fall 2009) with Kyriakos Kyriakou Francois Roche with Marc Fornes, critics
HALITE MIRAGE
SALT SKELETAL STALACTITES IN CAVES
SALT CRYSTALS
3-3-0-2
3-2-1-2
2-3-1-2
2-2-2-2
SALT EXPERIMENTS
water - salt - ammonium - blue ink
AS.V
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HALITE MIRAGE
LABYRINTH OF SALT PAVILIONS
The labyrinth is formed by a series of individual pavilions, which act as guide posts, providing direction, shade, and water to the traveler. The growth is not biological, but mineralogical, constructed from the salt that was deposited there thousands of years ago. Death Valley is now the location of the hottest, driest, and lowest points in North America, though it was not always so. During the middle of the Pleistocene era, instead of dry land there was a succession of inland seas (collectively referred to as Lake Manly). As the area turned to desert, the water evaporated and deposited an abundance of common sodium salts.
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-zv=32° Δtv=15° -zv=34°
Δtv=3° Δtv=17° -zv=49° Δtv=8° -zv=36° Δtv=3° Δtv=10° Δtv=8° -zv=36° -zv=49°
-zv=16° Δtv=12°
-zv=41° -zv=48°
-zv=22° -zv=48° Δtv=8° Δtv=17° -zv=31° -zv=10° Δtv=8° Δtv=17°
-zv=40° -zv=32°
Δtv=14°-zv=25° -zv=37° Δtv=14° Δtv=17° -zv=49° -zv=37°
-zv=24° -zv=8°
Δtv=3°
-zv=12°
Δtv=9°
-zv=37° Δtv=12° -zv=36°
Δtv=14° Δtv=12° -zv=25° Δtv=14°
-zv=29°
-zv=12° Δtv=9°
-zv=36° -zv=35° -zv=35° -zv=41°
-zv=26°
Δtv=9°
-zv=26°
Δtv=2° Δtv=18°
-zv=38° Δtv=10°
Δtv=6° Δtv=12°
Δtv=15°
-zv=27°
Δtv=6°
-zv=36°
-zv=27°
Δtv=5°
-zv=24°
Δtv=6°
Δtv=9°
t=1_5 x=-6 y=-36 t=1_5 Δtv=15° Z=-5 x=-6 y=-36 Δtv=15° Z=-5 Δtv=12°
Δtv=16°
-zv=34° Δtv=16° -zv=27°
-zv=32°
Δtv=14° -zv=32° Δtv=5° -zv=26°
t=1_3
t=1_4
Δtv=6°
-zv=30° -zv=34° Δtv=16°
-zv=31° -zv=32°
Δtv=4° Δtv=6°
-zv=25°
t=1_3
t=1_4
-zv=23° Δtv=10°
Δtv=5° Δtv=7° Δtv=7°-zv=30°
-zv=31° -zv=30°
Δtv=7° Δtv=4°
-zv=12°
-zv=24°
-zv=34° -zv=30°
Δtv=18° Δtv=7°
Δtv=5°
-zv=27° -zv=26° Δtv=10° -zv=40° Δtv=2° -zv=27°
Δtv=12°
Δtv=9° -zv=18°
Δtv=12°
t=1_3
-zv=34°
Δtv=6° Δtv=18°
-zv=12° Δtv=14°
-zv=19°
Δtv=16° Δtv=18°
-zv=47°
Δtv=6° -zv=26°
t=1_3
-zv=24°
Δtv=6° Δtv=10°
Δtv=11°
-zv=12°
Δtv=18° Δtv=6°
Δtv=8° -zv=36° Δtv=10° -zv=49°
t=1_4 x=-5 y=-36 t=1_4 Δtv=16° x=-5 y=-36 Δtv=16° Δtv=5°
Δtv=10° Δtv=10° Δtv=10°
-zv=10°
-zv=4°
Δtv=8°
Δtv=11°
Δtv=17°
Δtv=8°
-zv=22° Δtv=6° Δtv=12° -zv=19° Δtv=9° Δtv=6° -zv=19° Δtv=17° Δtv=9° -zv=17° Δtv=17° -zv=10° -zv=17° Δtv=8° -zv=17° -zv=10° Δtv=8° -zv=4° -zv=17°
-zv=32°
Δtv=17° -zv=43°
t=1_3 x=-6 y=-36 t=1_3 Z=-5 x=-6 Δtv=16° y=-36 Z=-5 Δtv=16°
Δtv=11°
-zv=25° -zv=21° Δtv=11° -zv=25° Δtv=11° -zv=22° Δtv=12°
-zv=34°
-zv=31° Δtv=13° -zv=42° Δtv=10° -zv=53° -zv=42° Δtv=10° Δtv=15° -zv=53° Δtv=12° Δtv=15°
-zv=12°
-zv=35° -zv=16°
Δtv=7°
-zv=40°
Δtv=17° -zv=49°
Δtv=6°
Δtv=9°
-zv=9° Δtv=7° -zv=21° -zv=9°
-zv=27°
-zv=25° Δtv=14° -zv=37°
t=1_2
-zv=27°
Δtv=15°
Δtv=14°
t=1_2
Δtv=3°
Δtv=15° Δtv=13°
-zv=26°
Δtv=2°
t=1_1
-zv=36°
Δtv=12°
-zv=6°
Δtv=15°
Δtv=10°
-zv=16°
t=1_2
Δtv=12°
t=1_1
-zv=34° Δtv=16°
-zv=32°
Δtv=4°
-zv=10° -zv=6°
Δtv=13° Δtv=4°
-zv=19°
Δtv=16°
-zv=16° -zv=11°
t=1_1 t=1_2
t=1_2
Δtv=6°
-zv=10°
Δtv=12°
t=1_2
-zv=30°
t=1_1
t=1_1
-zv=31°
Δtv=10° Δtv=12°
t=1_1
-zv=30°
Δtv=7°
Δtv=4°
-zv=22° -zv=11°
Δtv=3°
-zv=17° -zv=4°
-zv=12°
Δtv=10° Δtv=4° -zv=11° Δtv=9° Δtv=4° -zv=11° Δtv=9° -zv=22°
-zv=15°
-zv=10°
Δtv=8°
Δtv=8°
Δtv=6°
Δtv=14° -zv=22° -zv=23°
-zv=1°
t=1_2 x=-6 y=-36 t=1_2 Z=-5 x=-6 Δtv=9° y=-36 Z=-5 Δtv=9° Δtv=10°
-zv=17°
Δtv=10° -zv=24° -zv=21° Δtv=9° Δtv=10° Δtv=14° -zv=21° -zv=28° Δtv=9° Δtv=10° Δtv=14° -zv=33° -zv=28° Δtv=6° Δtv=10° -zv=27° -zv=33° Δtv=6° Δtv=14° -zv=37° -zv=27° -zv=31° Δtv=13° Δtv=14° -zv=37° Δtv=11° -zv=31° Δtv=13°-zv=46°
Δtv=11°
-zv=8°
-zv=10°
-zv=10° -zv=24°
Δtv=7° -zv=34°
Δtv=18°
t=1_1
Δtv=17°
t=1_5 x=-6 y=-36 Z=-5
-zv=24°
Δtv=6° t=1_1
-zv=19°
Δtv=9°
t=1_4
Δtv=5°
Δtv=10°
-zv=22°
Δtv=6°
-zv=25°
t=1_3
t=1_3
t=1_4 x=-5 y=-36 Δtv=16°
Δtv=10°
-zv=12° Δtv=13° Δtv=3° x=-9 y=-40 Z=-38 l=30
-zv=3°
-zv=14° -zv=16°
-zv=16° -zv=14° -zv=16°
r(Δ 0) v=0.75 r(Δ 0) v=0.75
r(Δ 0) v=0.75
r(Δ180) v=1.0 r(Δ180) v=1.0
r(Δ180) v=1.0
r(Δ45) v=1.5 r(Δ45) v=1.5
r(Δ26) v=1.0 r(Δ26) v=1.0
r(Δ90) v=1.25 r(Δ90) v=1.25
r(Δ90) v=1.25
r(Δ64) v=0.75 r(Δ64) v=0.75
The pavilions are composed of salt stalactites, grown from a drip fed COMPUTATIONAL PROTOCOL surface that rotates to generate various morphologies.
(n)certainties5.0_fall2009//EricTse_KyriakosKyriakou (n)certainties5.0_fall2009//EricTse_KyriakosKyriakou
r(Δ45) v=1.5
r(Δ26) v=1.0
r(Δ64) v=0.75
03 03
2
HALITE MIRAGE
PLAN & SECTION The pavilion is an expected surprise. While it is generated by a strategic process, its shape is unpredicted, as a number of uncontrollable parameters integrate and affect the process. We attempt to control its growth, manipulating
AS.V
gravity to adjust its direction, but it always reacts forming unexpected configurations. It comes out of a sequence of instructions, but its unstable nature turns it into an accumulation of anomalies., as no branch follows the expected path.
3
HALITE MIRAGE PAVILION MORPHOLOGY
Each pavilion is a stop and a start. It identifies the end of the torture, by relieving thirst and exhaustion, and outsets a new hardship, providing the essential information for the new place of relief. Its form translates vectors of movement, creating gates and arrows through different combinations of segments. Its branches are suggested vectors of travel and the boundaries of the field. While their ends point to the shortest torture – the closest pavilion – their length forms a dense wall that impedes any wrong direction.
A(13.8, 11.7) Dist: 18.6km
B(12.8, 12.8) Dist: 17.2km
A(13.8, 11.7) Dist: 18.6km
B(12.8, 12.8) Dist: 17.2km
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dawn
morning
noon
C(13.1, 14.0) Dist: 16.3km C(13.1, 14.0) Dist: 16.3km
afternoon
dusk
night
The pavilions oscillate between perception and DAILY MIRAGE abstraction in the mirage of the desert and affect its production.
4
HALITE MIRAGE
flash flood brings heavy rains
pavilion emerges from salt solution
pavilion necroses from wind and rain
next flash flood dissolves pavilion
new pavilion emerges The salt solution that floods the bottom of the old lake is collected YEARLY CYCLE OF LIFE AND DEATH and immediately set to the production of a new pavilion. As the labyrinth is exposed to the extreme desert conditions, wind and water necrose the structure until the moment of its death at the next flood.
CLOSEUP OF TEXTURE
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5
HALITE MIRAGE
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6
COMPUTING KAIZEN INCUBATOR OFFICE BUILDING TOKYO, JAPAN PROCESSING â&#x20AC;&#x153;Processing is an open source programming language and environment for people who want to program images, animation, and interactionsâ&#x20AC;? (from <http://www.processing. org>). This project uses Processing to develop an intelligent programmatic organizational model in a dynamic objectoriented environment. EXPLODE / RECCONECT / ENVELOPE The goal was to create a space for the sub-cultures of Akihabara to emerge and generate new potentially more interesting connections. Using the power of computation in Processing, the large blocks of given programmatic requirements are broken down to create smaller chunks, which are then reconnected to produce different relationships than originally possible. Within this new network of nodes and connections, loops become important as a mechanism of feedback and cyclical beneficence, thus these loops are enveloped to generate shared spaces of interaction. Also, loops that intersect one another produce interesting boolean spaces, which are sometimes inside, sometimes outside, or sometimes both.
ADVANCED STUDIO VI (Spring 2010) Toru Hasegawa & Mark Collins, critics
COMPUTING KAIZEN ISSUES AND STRATEGIES
The studio was founded on several base issues, which led to the development of specific strategies that could take advantage of the potential in Processing to create dynamic conditions for intelligent and emergent behavior.
EXPLODING
RECONNECTING
PROGRAM KAIZEN INCUBATOR AKIHABARA
ENVELOPE
AKIHABARA
OFFICE
The site occupies interesting border territory between Akihabara and office buildings, thus enabling the incubator to take SITE PLAN advantage of hybrid possibilities. There are also significant infrastructural elements running through and around the site, including a canal, train, roads, and bridges. The major transportation lines will naturally promote this site as a new important intersection for Akihabara.
VIEW FROM APPROACHING TRAIN
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1
COMPUTING KAIZEN PROGRAM NETWORK
Diagrams of simple behaviors in Processing sketch that determine the shape and topology of the network and geometry. TOTAL SQFT
MIN SQFT
WORKSPACE/DESKS(I)
5000.0 sf
200 sf
CONFERENCE(I)
2000.0 sf
250 sf
COMPUTER/MEDIA LAB
1000.0 sf
250 sf 50 sf
INCUBATOR
OFFICE
LOBBY(I)
1000.0 sf
DOCUMENT AND BUSINESS SERVICES
500.0 sf
250 sf
SMALL KITCHEN
500.0 sf
250 sf
TOILET/WC(I)
500.0 sf
250 sf
WORKSPACE/DESKS(O)
10000.0 sf
250 sf
CONFERENCE(O)
3000.0 sf
500 sf
PRIVATE OFFICES
3000.0 sf
300 sf
CAFETERIA/KITCHEN
1000.0 sf
500 sf
PROGRAM
PUBLIC
[ 1 ] CONNECTIONS
LOBBY(O)
1000.0 sf
250 sf
SMALL AUDITORIUM
1000.0 sf
500 sf
TOILET/WC(O)
800.0 sf
400 sf
500 sf
FLEX SPACE/DINING
3000.0 sf
SMALL LECTURE/SCREENING ROOMS
3000.0 sf
500 sf
EXHIBITION
1000.0 sf
500 sf
LOBBY/RECEPTION
1000.0 sf
250 sf
PREP KITCHEN
1000.0 sf
500 sf
ADMINISTRATION
1000.0 sf
500 sf
BIKE PARK AND CHANGE ROOMS
1000.0 sf
500 sf
IT EQUIPMENT ROOM
1000.0 sf
250 sf
TOILET/WC(P)
700.0 sf
350 sf
JANITORIAL/SHOWERS/LOCKERS
600.0 sf
300 sf
STORAGE
600.0 sf
200 sf
PROJECTION ROOM
500.0 sf
250 sf
Start with network in undifferentiated state INTERNAL CONNECTIONS
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS
( manual )
( crossover degree > 6 )
Workspace/Desks(I) Conference(I) Computer/Media Lab Lobby(I) Document and Business Services Small Kitchen Toilet/WC(I)
Workspace/Desks(O) Conference(O) Private Offices Cafeteria/Kitchen Lobby(O) Small Auditorium Toilet/WC(O)
Flex Space/Dining Small Lecture/Screening Rooms Exhibition Lobby(P) Prep Kitchen Administration Bike Park and Change Rooms IT Equipment Room Toilet/WC(P) Janitorial/Showers/Lockers Storage Projection Room
SETUP
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[ 2 ] NODE PROPERTIES + NOISE TOLERANCE
+ TRAFFIC RATE
DRAW [ 3 ] EXPLODE AND RECONNECT EXPLODE PROGRAM ( choose biggest node )
RECONNECT PROGRAM ( attach to extra node )
DRAW
UPDATE SYSTEM ( continue )
2
COMPUTING KAIZEN
CONVEX HULLS
Search through network and find loops, only envelope loops that are unique with a good balance of different program types
DRA
AW
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3
COMPUTING KAIZEN MANUAL POST-PROCESSING
The Processing sketch was executed multiple times with random seeds in order to achieve a manually optimized design regarding program distribution, convex hull coverage, and an overall interesting shape. base shape too rigid
OFFICE
PUBLIC too small
INCUBATOR
SCULPTING FORM
After choosing a good random seed, the Processing sketch is executed a few more times to extract convex hulls from various frames, which are judged based on overall shape. The chosen iteration is then manually sculpted to produce more articulated geometry and reduce inefficiencies such as very close hulls or hulls that are too long.
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program too clumpy
not enough convex hulls
good distribution and interesting shape
TRANSPARENCY
Finally, the hulls are given a transparency value determined by averaging the transparency values of the contained nodes, on a scale from 1 to 3. This create materiality differences and creates hierarchy in the subsequent boolean operations.
4
COMPUTING KAIZEN
CROSS SECTION
Cut through several hulls of different material to show interesting boolean conditions of protruding spaces, shared spaces, and intersecting spaces.
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5
COMPUTING KAIZEN
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6
SOLADIUM 2010 WORLD CUP STADIUM JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA DESIGNING DESIGN If we suppose that we can all now make parametric models, simulate building performance, and fabricate precise constructions, then what? How do we design in this post-parametric era? This project explored a new design methodology of proof through the design of experiments rather than the design of objects, in the process making explicit our metrics, causing a conscious evaluation of the decisions made as a designer. The tools encompassed parametric modelling tools (Catia) and advanced artificial intelligence methods (evolutionary computation), combined with digital simulations (FEA) and prototype fabrication (wind tunnel testing). SOLAR POWER TOWER The 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa will bring massive capital investments into the country, which could be leveraged to establish a foundation for future energy security by implementing low maintenance solar thermal technology. A solar power tower system could be coupled with complex structural and programmatic strategies in the stadium to generate a design that is high performing and unexpected, in addition to being beneficial to the socioeconomic development of the nation beyond the singularity of the event. The role of light in the project is paramount â&#x20AC;&#x201C; light energizes the stadium; light inspires the people; and light brings the nation onto the world stage.
ADVANCED STUDIO IV (Spring 2009) David Benjamin, critic
SOLADIUM
PROJECT INTENT
The 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa will bring massive capital investments into the country, which could be leveraged to establish a foundation for future energy security by implementing low maintenance solar thermal technology. A solar power tower system could be coupled with complex structural and programmatic strategies in the stadium to generate a design that is high performing and unexpected, in addition to being beneficial to the socioeconomic development of the nation beyond the singularity of the event.
The 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa will brin
into the country, which could be leveraged to esta
ENERGY SECURITY by implementing low maint
TECHNOLOGY. A solar power tower system coul
solar power tower
cable mast structure
STRUCTURAL AND PROGRAMMATIC STRATE
+
=
design that is high performing and unexpected, in
socio-economic development of the nation BEYO
EVENT. The ROLE OF LIGHT in the project is pa
ENERGY + AMBIENCE + LIGHT + CANOPY + STRUCTURE = SOLADIUM DESIGN ELEMENTS The role of light in the project is paramount â&#x20AC;&#x201C; light energizes the stadium; light inspires the people; and light brings the nation onto the world stage.
light inspires the people; and light brings the nati Workflow between aspects that are Beyond Testing, Automated Testing, and Manual Testing energy
energy
number towers
number mirrors
number mirrors
circulation
program
AUTOMATED TESTING BEYOND TESTING
public space
cable mast structure
sun
bowl shape
18 mirrors experiment
6 mirrors experiment
sun
sun
light effect
cultural aesthetics
SOLADIUM
MANUAL TESTING
site
DESIGN MAP
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FIELD OF MIRRORS FOR AMBIENT LIGHT AND POWER GENERATION
STRUCTURAL SHELL TO SUPPORT MIRRORS
CABLE MAST SYSTEM with ROOF STRUCTURE
TYPICAL STANDS
1
SOLADIUM
With pathways to surro
TYPICAL FIFA PROGRAM
SITE ORGANIZATION
Number of towers based on approximate area estimates CABLE MAST STRUCTURE proportional to PS10 solar power tower in order to generate similar energy production levels
Echoes forms of surroundin CANOPY MESH location of pedestrian walkways on ground
SITE STRATEGY
Description of design process taking into account typical FIFA program, site organization, solar conditions, structure, mine dumps, sustainable energy production, ambient daylighting, shading, and ambience.
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rounding program
ROOF RING TRUSS
Location and size of aperture optimized for structure and sunlight on pitch
ng mine dumps and responds in density to
Instantiation of mirrors on canopy mesh, optimized for energy production MIRROR ARRAY with solar power towers and ambient daylighting for stadium
2
SOLADIUM STRUCTURAL TEST
Set up of cable mast and roof ring truss structural experiment. Using a genetic algorithm to explore hundreds of possible designs in order to optimize for the location of the roof ring truss aperture while maintaining structural stability in the roof ring truss and masts. Variable elements: truss lengths, location of towers around the stadium, and height of the structure. The experiment trended pretty well towards predicted outcomes, with somewhat interesting results, despite occasional miscalculations in area of the sun on the pitch.
OBJECTIVE MINIMIZE LENGTH of CABLES
OBJECTIVE MINIMIZE NODAL DISLACEMENT
INPUT LENGTH of ROOF TRUSS SEGMENTS
OBJECTIVE MAXIMIZE AREA of SUNLIGHT
INPUT HEIGHT of CONNECTION
OBJECTIVE MINIMIZE NODAL DISPLACEMENT CABLES AND MASTS ROOF STRUCTURE
UPPER STANDS STAND STRUCTURE LOWER STANDS PITCH
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ratio along line objective: MINIMIZE NODAL DISPLACEMENT of ROOF RING TRUSS
objective: MINIMIZE NODAL DISPLACEMENT of TOWERS AT TOP
height objective: MAXIMIZE SUN ON PITCH
distance ratio around from pitch center D.O.E. = SOBOL, # of designs = 100 SCHEDULER = MOGA-II, # of generations = 100 RUN TIME ~ 48 hours TIME per analysis ~ 2.5 min COMPLETED designs = 857 ERROR designs = 65 PARETO designs = 179
objective: MINIMIZE NODAL DISPLACEMENT of ROOF RING TRUSS
#00513
GOOD OVERALL
#00665
objective: MINIMIZE NODAL DISPLACEMENT of TOWERS AT TOP
#00814
Showing optimal designs for different objectives of test. Based on results from structural Cable Mast & EXPERIMENT RESULTS Roof Test, determine final static position of towers for consequent experiments.
3
SOLADIUM 18 MIRRORS REFLECTION TEST
INPUTS ig el s
s
s
el
el
n pa
n pa
n pa
of
of
of
eZ
ht
gl
eX first
he
an
gl
an
Set up of single bay of mirrors implementing lessons learned from previous smaller-scale experiments. Using a genetic algorithm to explore thousands of possible designs in order to optimize for ambient daylighting of stadium. The towers and stadium wall are fixed in place, while the mirrors can rotate along two axes and move in the vertical direction. Although the experiment only produced 4 daylighting reflections, the results demonstrate the potential for the system to produce designs that are beyond human possibility, or at least incredibly difficult, and given enough time and resources the inital results suggest that the experiment would be able to generate better and more interesting designs than could be feasibly achieved by a human.
second
third
MINIMIZE DISTANCE to RECEIVER
first
objective: MAXIMIZE WALL INTERSECTIONS objective: MINIMIZE DISTANCE of INDIRECT REFLECTIONS to WALL
HOPEFUL PREDICTION: 9 HITS REALISTIC PREDICTION: 6 HITS
third
MAXIMIZE ALL REFLECTIONS
OBJECTIVES
3 TOWERS (set) 1 STADIUM WALL (set) 18 MIRRORS (rotate about X and Z) FIRST REFLECTION SECOND REFLECTION THIRD REFLECTION WALL INTERSECTION
second
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WALL
1480 completed
}
293 completed
II.D. D (ti (time)) 998 completed
1088 completed
}
4711 completed
}
}
295 completed
3305 completed
8038 completed
}
MULTIPLE SEQUENCES Schematic representation of the multiple runs executed for the final test, taking pareto designs (optimal in one or more criteria without sacrificing too much in other criteria) in manipulated elitism to try to reach trend in experiment.
FIRST
WALL
THIRD
#5029
SECOND
#4892
#7773 single pareto I.D. (time)
I.D. (time)
Experiment shows gradual trend up to 4 reflections onto the stadium wall, but peaks despite several attempts EXPERIMENT RESULTS to manipulate the outcome. Experiment seems to settle on first configuration that outputs good results.
4
SOLADIUM Typical FIFA program shaded and ranked PROGRAM AND LIGHT according to daylighting requirements
LIGHT STRATEGY
Results of Reflection Experiment superimposed on building with typical stands to determine the locations of programmatic areas requiring greatest daylighting, which affects the placement of the light diffusing fabric.
HOSPITALITY AREAS within STADIUM PERIMETER
HOSPITALITY AREAS for STADIUM SPECTATOR AREAS MEDIA INTERVIEW AREAS FIFA OFFICES and MEETING ROOMS TICKETING CENTER VOLUNTEERS CENTER PRESS CONFERENCE ROOM MEDICAL FACILITIES
REMOTE MEDIA CENTER
STADIUM MEDIA CENTER
BROADCAST COMPOUNDS FIFA MEDIA AREAS DRESSING ROOMS SERVICE COMPOUNDS VENUE TICKET PROCESS CENTERS AFFILIATION CENTER MAIN TICKET PROCESS CENTER DOPING CONTROL
LONG SECTION
Showing canopy mesh, typical stadium, cable mast structure, and mirror array.
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Located on LIGHT DIFFUSING FABRIC facade where ambient light hits the stadium
5
SOLADIUM
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6
BUTTERFLY PERFORATED FOLDED METAL PANEL NEW YORK, NY ORIGAMI PANEL The goal of the course was to create a folded perforated metal panel, so instead of making a typical folded panel, we attempted to design one that could assume any number of folded shapes by moving. The project was inspired by origami. The hinge became an important aspect of the design and eventually the distinguishing feature of the panel.
COMPONENT SYSTEMS (Spring 2010) with Ruth Mandl Joe Vidich, critic
COMPONENT SYSTEMS
FACADE AGGREGATION
MODEL OF FOLDING PANEL
PROTOTYPE 1 CUT TEMPLATE
VS
PROTOTYPE 1 WITH HOLES CUT BY MALOYA LASER
1
COMPONENT SYSTEMS
CONNECTION DETAIL
PROTOTYPE 1 DETAILS
VS
PROTOTYPE 2 CUT ON GSAPP WATERJET FOLDED
2
ARTISAN LOFTS LIGHT INDUSTRIAL BUILDING BRONX, NY CANOPY WRAPPER Our group took the approach of producing a cleanly designed building that emerges from a bold move which then determines the design of the integrated systems and building components. The architectural intent is expressed foremost in the â&#x20AC;&#x153;wrapperâ&#x20AC;? that leans toward the south, which developed as a device to mitigate harsh eastern and western light, in addition to acting as a canopy. This skin allows for sun shading in the summer months for the upper floors, while a calibrated system of louvers provides solar protection for the remainder of the facade. As the wrapper slides off the interior volume, it also produces unique moments when the corners of the inner glass volume are revealed, such as on the top level where a greenhouse is located. This simple yet clear skewing of the building provides the impetus for the rest of the language of the building and its systems.
BUILDING SYSTEMS II (Fall 2009) with Derek Boirun, Nicole Seekely, and Evan Watts Robert Condon with Russell Davies, critics
ARTISAN LOFTS
WRAPPER CONCEPT
In addition to acting as the main architectural device, the “wrapper” performs as a structural element to resist lateral forces. The main structure of the building runs perpendicular to the length of the wrapper of the building. This allows for a clear distinction between facade and structure. The columns and beams all have a rectangular profile that runs along the north-south axis, contrary to the wrapper’s eastwest orientation.
SYSTEMS WITHIN THE BUILDING
CONCEPT
VERTICAL STRUCTURE
LATERIAL STRUCTURE
BSII
SUN SHADING
MECH SUPPLY
MECH EXHAUST
1
ARTISAN LOFTS A
B
28' - 9"
31' - 0"
C
31' - 0"
D
31' - 0"
E
31' - 0"
F
31' - 0"
G
31' - 0"
H
I
31' - 0"
J
28' - 9"
2 A601
3
1
33' - 0"
6' - 9"
13' - 6"
A601
33' - 0"
70' - 0"
2
1
ROOF PLAN A
B
28' - 9"
31' - 0"
C
31' - 0"
D
31' - 0"
E
31' - 0"
F
31' - 0"
G
31' - 0"
H
31' - 0"
I
J
28' - 9"
3
UP
GREENHOUSE
GREENHOUSE DN
33' - 0"
DN
ELEVATOR
ELEVATOR
2
WC
WC
WC
WC
JANITOR
33' - 0"
JANITOR
MECH
MECH
ELEC
ELEC
1
LINE OF CANOPY ABOVE
7th FLOOR PLAN A
B
28' - 9"
3
31' - 0"
C
31' - 0"
D
31' - 0"
E
31' - 0"
F
31' - 0"
G
31' - 0"
H
31' - 0"
I
UP
66' - 0"
2
70' - 0"
ELEVATOR
66' - 0"
ELEVATOR
70' - 0"
35' - 0"
33' - 0"
13' - 6"
UP
J
28' - 9"
JANITOR WC 70' - 0"
WC
MECH
33' - 0"
35' - 0"
JANITOR
MECH
MECH
ELEC
ELEC
0' - 5"
1
LINE OF CANOPY ABOVE
4th FLOOR PLAN A
B
28' - 9"
3
31' - 0"
C
31' - 0"
D
31' - 0"
E
31' - 0"
31' - 0"
G
31' - 0"
H
31' - 0"
I
J
28' - 9"
UP
35' - 0"
33' - 0"
13' - 6"
UP
F
ELEVATOR
ELEVATOR
2 JANITOR WC 70' - 0"
WC
MECH
33' - 0"
35' - 0"
JANITOR
MECH
MECH
ELEC
ELEC
0' - 5"
1
LINE OF CANOPY ABOVE
1st FLOOR PLAN
BSII
STRUCTURE AND LIGHT
The structure has been designed so that the spaces are as open as possible with typical 34â&#x20AC;&#x2122; spans. While this does increase the size of the structure, the benefits of having a much more open flexible space are desirable.
EAST ELEVATION
WEST-EAST SECTION
ECOTECT SOLAR STUDIES
SOUTH-NORTH SECTION
2
ARTISAN LOFTS A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
28' - 0"
08 ROOF 116' - 0"
14' - 0"
07 LEVEL 88' - 0"
14' - 0"
06 LEVEL 74' - 0"
14' - 0"
05 LEVEL 60' - 0"
14' - 0"
04 LEVEL 46' - 0"
14' - 0"
03 LEVEL 32' - 0"
18' - 0"
02 LEVEL 18' - 0"
01 GRADE 0' - 0"
SOUTH ELEVATION
The fins are supported by vertical rods and laterally braced back to the mullions. The rods LOUVER SECTION DETAILS are fixed at the top to the roof slab and attached at the bottom to springs that dampen vertical movement.
BSII
SOUTH FACADE DESIGN
For the winter months, we have employed a fritting to the glass that will help to diffuse the light that directly hits the facade. This fritting also helps in the summer months to diffuse early morning or late evening sun. There are some moments along the facade where the louvers have been removed to emphasize a unique space on the interior. In these instances, fritting is increased to compensate for the additional solar gain.
SOUTHEAST CORNER GLASS TO STONE WALL PLAN DETAIL
LOUVER PLAN DETAIL
3
ARTISAN LOFTS
The curtain wall is composed of a stick system with fully tempered, double glazed, 5-foot CURTAIN WALL DESIGN panels. Every moment of the glass faรงade is designed to read as if it is slipping by and behind the stone.
J
I
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
08 ROOF 116' - 0"
07 LEVEL 88' - 0"
06 LEVEL 74' - 0"
05 LEVEL 60' - 0"
04 LEVEL 46' - 0"
03 LEVEL 32' - 0"
02 LEVEL 18' - 0"
01 GRADE 0' - 0"
NORTH ELEVATION
NORTH FACADE DESIGN On the north facade, vertical fins are capped onto the mullions to block out early morning and late evening sun. This also allows for an interesting visual effect of repetition while walking down the north-side corridors.
BSII
CLADDING
The cladding of the building was based on our desire to have a light monolithic appearance of the “wrapper.” Limestone panels allow for a similar feel to concrete, but in a more economic and structurally efficient way—they are lighter than a monolithic concrete pour and ensure better quality of craftsmenship.
PLAN DETAIL OF NORTHEAST FACACDE CORNER
SOUTH-NORTH SECTION DETAIL THRU SKYLIGHT
EAST-WEST SECTION DETAIL THRU SKYLIGHT
4
ARTISAN LOFTS
BSII
5