Portfolio of MArch Prep Year Sem1 in NUS by Eric Wang

INDEX

01 BRIEF

02 SITE

03 CONCEPT

08 PROPOSAL

04 STRATIGIES

MASTERPLAN ACCESSIBILITY STREET LIFE LANDUSE HEIGHT CONTROL SITE COVERAGE DISTRICTS (West,North,East,South)

05 TYPOLOGY STUDIES

09 APPENDIX

06 TYPOLOGY

EDUCATION HUB

STUDIO RICHARD HO

07 URBAN STRATIGIES

COMPARISONS WITH HDB STREETS TO ROADS SCALE AND ATTRACTIVENESS SITE COVERAGE

AY 15/16 SEM1 CHIU SHAO AN GOH HUI YING JEONG KYU EUN NGIAM KIA HONG SHI YAN JIE SITI HANISAH ZAINAL ABIDIN WANG DA XUAN

Barcelona Bologna Singapore

RESEARCH DETAILED URBAN GUIDELINES

CLUSTER - PRECINCTS NEIGHBOURHOODS

01 BRIEF

The prevailing practice is for land located next to or near MRT stations to be sold for commercial developments and private condominiums, which only a minority in Singapore can afford. The Marina Bay Golf Course is located in the central region, and is close to the Circle Line stations. Should it be sold to the highest bidder to build more condominiums and commercial developments? Rather than real estate, our studio believes that we should invest in our future generation.

MARINA BAY GOLF COURSE It has been announced that the leases for 2 of the 23 golf courses in Singapore will not be renewed when they expire in 2021 and the land will be returned to the Singapore Land Authority. (SLA) Our studio has undertaken the challenge to address this repossession of Marina Bay Golf Course. SITE

02 SITE

Marina Bay East

02 SITE

Landmark

Singapore Flyer Marina Bay Sands

Green

Gardens By the Bay West Gardens By the Bay East East Coast Park

Water

Marina Bay

Site Area: 75Ha

Site location & History

Marina Bay East is an extension of the larger Marina Bay land reclamation works which was initiated in 1969. This was part of URA’s long-term plans to expand Singapore’s footprint in order to accommodate the needs of a growing nation. According to URA, the Marina Bay masterplan intends it to be Singapore’s next Central Business District which also hosts vibrant waterfront retail, hotel, and residential developments. The Marina Bay East area has been left vacant until 2006, when it was temporarily leased to Marina Bay Golf Course. At present, many proposals have been drafted for the site before it is officially returned to SLA in 2021.

The Marina Bay East Site is about 0.5 kilometer wide and 1.5 kilomoter long. The area is approximately 75 hectares.

Site context & Landmark

The site is uniquely nestled amongst iconic landmarks such as Marina Bay Sands, and Gardens by the Bay.

These landmarks as well as the Central Business District forms a picturesque backdrop view of the city skyline in both day and night time. Apart from the view, the site is also surrounded by several green parks and water bodies such as Gardens By the Bay East and West, and Marina Bay respectively.

02 SITE

Water Edge MRT Line (Existing)

Tanjong Rhu

MRT Line (In Construction)

Gardens By The Bay

Connectivity

At present Marina Bay East is only fairly connected to its neighboring plots and the rest of the island via Tanjong Rhu Road (north of site) and Fort Road (east of site). However, this will improve once the newly constructed MRT Thomson-East Coast Line is completed, which will connect to the existing MRT lines. The site also offers the exploration of other potential modes of transportation such as water-taxis which can be realized since it is in proximity to the water body.

Map of the existing MRT Line, future MRT line and the water edges.

Landuse

The Marina Bay area is made up of a diverse range of landuse programmes. The residential plots are primarily located to the north of the site, while the other types of landuse such as commercial, civic institutions are mainly to the west of the site.

Landuse plan based on URAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s projection.

The developments around the site are mostly high-rise office buildings (up to 62 storeys high) with some low-rise buildings chiefly for recreation such as the Marina Barrage.

03 CONCEPT

An Education Hub

03 CONCEPT

Singapore Institute of Technology

Beach Road Educational Cluster

Beach Road

Financial Centers

Nanyang Technological University

• CBD • Marina Centre • Straits View (Under-Construction)

Marina Center

Marina South (Residential Mix-Used)

University

CBD

Marina South

University

Straits View University University University

The prevailing practice is for land located near MRT stations to be sold for commercial developments and private condominiums which only a minority in Singapore can afford. The Marina Golf Course is located close to the Circle Line stations. Should it also be parceled up and sold to the highest bidder to build more condominiums and more shopping malls?

Polytechnic

Commercialized Urban Context

ITE

Polytechnic ITE Site

Site

Central Region

Singapore Management University

National University Central Region of Singapore

Central Region

Map. Institutions of Higher Learning

Types of Education

Site Size

Local Examples

University

150-200 ha

NUS, NTU

Table. Size of Institutions

Polytechnics/ITE/University

20-38 ha

RP, TP, NYP NP SUTD SP

3-4.5 ha

Yale NUS, SMU, SIM

1 ha

SOTA, Lasalle

0.5-0.6 ha

NAFA Kaplan (Wilkie edge), CET Campus East, CET Campus West

Junior College

1.5-3 ha

NYJC, HCJC

Secondary School

1.5-3 ha

Gan Eng Seng Sec, Edgefield Sec, Hougang Sec.

Primary School

1.5-2 ha

Hougang Primary, Punggol Green Primary

Combined (PR+SEC+JC)

10 ha

St. Andrew’s

Small scale education/ Retraining workshops

977 m2

Kaplan(CET West Campus 7 rooms)

20-300 m2

CG Protégé(4rooms), Cristofori Music School(4-8rooms)

Instead of real estate, we propose to invest this site for what we believe to be more beneficial for the future of Singapore : Education.

Major institutes in Singapore are highlighted in the above diagram.

We plan for an holistic education hub consisting of a variety of instititudes ranging from professional institutions of higher learning to smaller centers that are actively integrated with the residential neighbourhood.

Most of these major institutes are self-contained compounds that are independent of neighbouring residential districts. We selected potential education institutions types that can move into our site, based on the size of the instituion.

ITE

Singapore University Of Technology and Design

Private University/ University/ Retraining Centers

03 CONCEPT

n Singapore, In Singapore, the educational the educational nstitutes institutes are often are segregated often segregated rom In the from public the public realm realm Singapore, the educational institutes are often segregated from the public realm

03 CONCEPT

Education Education Hub Hub Education Hub

We aim to design an dynamic and sustainable Education Hub that is highly walkable and livable, with spaces that encourage learning through meaningful interactions. We hope to nurture an inclusive community by using education as a catalyst. Through the the congregation of people and ideas that clashes and inspires, we aim to nurture a human-centric urban framework that brings people together, creating a lively, sustainable, safe and healthy urban environment.

Institution

Education Hub

An dynamic An dynamic and sustainable and sustainable An dynamic and sustainable Education Education Town that Townisthat highly is highly Education Town thatparticipate is highly In Singapore, the educational institutions are often segregated from the public realm. Students andlivable, livable, and livable, with with in largely formal education activities such as lectures, classes andwalkable tutorials. walkable This and phenomenon is prevalent walkable with from primary through tertiary education. spaces thatencourage encourage that encourage spacesspaces that meaningful meaningful interactions interactions through through meaningful interactions through On the other hand, we believe that education is not just about formal classroom learning; informal learning is just as essential. learning. learning. learning.

Beyond Formal Education

04 STRATEGIES

High Density/ Low Rise

04 STRATEGIES

81% Public

04 STRATEGIES

19% Private

More than 80% of Singaporeans live in public housing. Yet, the conventional practice is for prime land to be used for private housing. We believe that prime land should be distributed equitably. Sources: 1. Planning and design of Tampines, an award-winning high-rise, high-density township in Singapore. Foo Tuan Seik. 2001 2. Singapore Department of Statistics. 1994 3. HDB Annual Report. 2008/2009 4. 10 Principles for Livable, High-Density Cities: Lessons from Singapore. Centre for Livable Cities, Singapore. 2013

Comparisons

Comparisons of population within residential area

Research into population densities and land area of Singapore as well as New Towns in different periods showed that there is a trend of an increment of people per Hectare (ppH) over the years. This means that there is a higher population density as the years go by, and that proper planning should be put in place to prepare for this growth.

Singapore, 2030

The population white paper in 2013 stipulates a 6.9 million population in Singapore by the year 2030. Even with a yearly increament in gross land area through reclaimation and other means, the ppH of 2030 Singapore would be 530. We attempted to double that ppH to 1000 in the Marina Bay East site in vision of a vibrant and dynamic community. With reference to the land use distribution of the HDB structural model, we increased the percentage of institution and public space so as to allow for more communal activity and interaction, while reducing the commercial percentage due to the strong commercial presence around the site.

Comparisons of population density Year

Region

Population

1986

Singapore

2,733,000

621700

1993

Tampines (New Town)

2009

Bedok (New Town)

197,900

937

408

43.5%

485

2009

Ang Mo Kio (New Town)

148,200

638

283

44.3%

523

Singapore

6,900,000

2030

Residential

30%-40%

Residential

35%

ppH*

530

ppH*

1000

Population

14000

Population

26250

Dwelling Units**

3500

Dwelling Units**

6562

*Refers to number of people per hectare within residential areas ** du= Dwelling Units (Avg. 4 people per unit)

Comparisons of landuse Land Area (Ha)

190,000

Marina Bay East, 2030

1078

76,600

Residential Area (Ha)

Residential (%)

People per Ha* (ppH)

9110

1.46%

300

424

13,000

33%

17%

448

530

Existing HDB Structural Model

Marina Bay East Structural Model

Institution + Public Space + Roads = 22.5Ha

Institutions + Public Space + Roads + Streets =37.5Ha

Residential = 30Ha

Residential = 26.25Ha

Commercial = 22.5Ha

Commercial = 11.25Ha

Others 30%

Commercial 30%

Residential 40%

Others 50%

Residential 35%

Commercial 15%

*Refers to number of people per hectare within residential areas

04 STRATEGIES

Singapore’s Urban Planning places high emphasis on vehicular traffic

We want to create an enjoyable walking experience

By rethinking how we utilize ground floor urban space

1. Roads to Streets Name

Description

Width (m)

Vehicular Access

Material

Road

2 way x 2 lane

All Types

Asphalt

Primary Street

2 way x 1 lane

7.2

Only Service*/ Emergency/ handicapped

Paved

Secondary Street

Local Access Non-Motorized Traffic

4.5

Only Emergency

Paved

Alley

Pedestrians Only

Paved

Ring Street

2 Lane x 1 way Non-Motorized traffic and tram

Only Service*/ Emergency/ Handicapped

Paved and Landscaped

Waterfront Promenade

Non-Motorized traffic

Paved and Landscaped

*Servicing Hours only from 8am-11am

In order to achieve a car-lite community, a hierarchy of road to streets is created. Vehicular traffic is limited to a main road for all day access, while servicing can only be done within a limited time period. Service vehicles can only access up to the primary streets while emergency vehicles can enter the secondary streets as well. This allows for a comprehensive emergency evacuation plan and servicing to be conducted while retaining a car-free environment for the most of the day.

“ Roads are for Cars, Streets are for People!”

The creation of streets rather than roads, which is prevalent in Singapore’s context, allows for more activities and vibrancy in the public spaces. Louis Kahn

04 STRATEGIES

2. Scale & Attractivness

3. Site Coverage

Existing HDB Guidelines

Plot Ratio 3 Max Height 30 Stories Max 40% Site Coverage

HDBâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s restriction on site coverage to a maximum of 40% limits building forms to tall tower typologies in order to meet a plot ratio of 3.

According JanMaximum Gehlâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s theory, 5 storeys 5 Stories istothe Height for is the maximum height for a person to have people inside the building to havemeaningful a interactions with people on the street. connection with the street As the building goes higher, people inside the building are disconnected from the acitvities on the street. Thus, the maximum height of buildings plays an important role in maintaining the connection between building and street. Source: Jan Gehl, Life Between Buildings

By increasing the maximum site coverage to 100% and maintaining the plot ratio of 3, as well as maximum height of 5 stories, we are able to unlock a large possibility of form and design potentials for architects while maintaining a low-rise, high-density urban environment.

Marina Bay East Guidelines

Plot Ratio 3 Max Height 5 Stories Max 100% Site Coverage

05 TYPOLOGY STUDIES

05 TYPOLOGY STUDIES Barcelona Bologna Singapore

05 TYPOLOGY STUDIES

BARCELONA

SINGAPORE (CHINATOWN)

Block Plot: 113mx113m Unit Plot: 25mx30m Building Height: 16-25m (5-7 stories)

BOLOGNA

SINGAPORE (HAJI LANE)

Block Plot: 100mx50m Unit Plot: 20mx16m Building Height: 9-15m (3-5 stories)

Block Plot: 120mx20m Unit Plot: 5mx20m Building Height: 7-10m (2-3 stories)

Block Plot: 80mx25m Building Plot:4.5mx25m Building Height: 7-9m (2-3 stories)

05 TYPOLOGY STUDIES

COMPARISONS (PLOTS)

COMPARISONS (UNITS) M

RC E

LO N

M NE

M 50

A JI L

LO G

O AT

OG OL

AT OW

5M A

N LO

CE AR

JI L

4.5

06 TYPOLOGY

Cellular Design

06 TYPOLOGY

Cluster - Precinct

Precincts 200m

100m

Marina Bay East Typology

50m

20m 20m

50m 50m

20m 20m 20m

50m

Area (Ha)

Cluster Cluster 0.5

Area(Ha) (Ha) Area Population

0.5 0.5 592

Population Population No. of DU*

592 592 148

20m

No.ofofDU* DU* No.

*Based on 25m2/person and 5 stories within a cluster **du= Dwelling Units (Avg. 4 people per unit)

150m

Source: h t t p : / / w w w 8 8 . h d b . g o v. sg/eBook/AnnualRepor t/ Statistics2010.html

148 148

2 x Precincts

100m

Marina Bay East Typology

Cluster

150m

Comparison with HDB

Area (Ha)

Cluster Precinct 0.5

Precinct (HDB)

Area(Ha) (Ha) Area Population

0.5 1.5 592

Population Population No. of DU*

592 1780 148

2000-4000

No.ofofDU* DU* No.

WATER

Cluster

148 445

500-1000

2 x Precincts (Along Waterway)

From the idea of creating a human-centric city, we started by designing how users live on site. Based on our typology studies of urbanscape with vibrant street life, we designed a cluster, keeping the dimensions similar to the precedents, and limiting vehicular traffic within the cluster. This froms the basic design unit. Next, we place 3 clusters together to from a precinct. The size of a precinct is chosen to be smaller than the typical precinct size from HDB, so that residents may more easily get to know their neighbours, creating a more friendly and close-knitted living environment. The precinct type we designed is a basic block, which can be modified according to site conditions, such as waterfront conditions.

LAND USE RESIDENTIAL (100%) RESIDENTIAL WITH COMMERCIAL AT 1ST STOREY

ROADS/ST.

WIDTH (M)

MAIN ROAD

14.4

PRIMARY ST.

7.2

SECONDARY ST.

4.5

ALLEY PROMENADE

3 15-30

06 TYPOLOGY

Neighbourhoods

200m LAND USE RESIDENTIAL (100%) RESIDENTIAL WITH COMMERCIAL AT 1ST STOREY COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION CIVIC & COMMUNITY INSTITUTION

300m

PLACES OF WORSHIP OPEN SPACE WATERWAY PARK

ROADS/ST.

14.4

PRIMARY ST.

7.2

SECONDARY ST.

4.5

ALLEY PROMENADE

We designed a basic form of a neighbourhood, formed from 4 precincts. The number of people in living in 4 precincts is sufficient to require facilities such as ground floor commercial units, as well as civic institutions and places of worship.

The idea of an education hub, a place for the people requires education for everyone - the most basic of which are school-going children. Hence, the first modification of the basic neighbourhood N1 caters for a school, centered around the civic square, which we envision will be a centre of activity, and vibrant street life.

Besides residential and local shops, shopping malls are also needed, and an interesting mix of users is possible when there are varied developments. Hence, we modified N1 to have more commercial area, as well as commercial and residential usage, which allows for SOHOs and other mixed use developments.

The community spaces are designed as a square in the centre of the 4 precincts, reminiscent of the idea of a village square. This creates a hierarchy of public realm, with the square being most public, followed by the streets, then the buildings.

This brings together the idea of education as both formal learning in school as well as informal learning from interactions, created in a public realm that is the public square.

WIDTH (M)

MAIN ROAD

3 15-30

By doing so, neighbourhood N3 has a more diverse mix of users, while still keeping to the idea of creating interesting streets to encourage people to the streets. The commercial developments can also incorporate commercial education such as music classes, dance lessons etc, keeping in line with the concept of an education nexus.

07 URBAN STRATEGIES

07 URBAN STRATEGIES Top-Down Approach

07 URBAN STRATEGIES

Connectivity Beyond Site

Creation of Waterway

Main Strategy

Connecting the Institutions

To ensure that transport hubs fall within a comfortable walking distance of 400 meters, we envision 2 on site.

Tapping on the proximity of water, we create a main waterfront spine that can improve connectivity beyond the site and enhance the quality of the living environment.

To bring people together.

Waterway connects the education hubs at the two ends with smaller commercial institutions along the way.

07 URBAN STRATEGIES

Entrance A

Entrance B

Open Space Gardens by the Bay East

Entrance C

Character of Main Education Hubs

Restricting Vehicular Penetration

Overlaying the Typology Grid

Green Penetration

Taking advantage of site conditions, the top node becomes a water-centric hub while the bottom node forms an extension of the park.

In order to have a vibrant street life, vehicular penetration is restricted along the periphery.

Typology Grid of 100 x 150m.

Introducing green fingers to bring in the park from Gardens by the Bay East.

08 PROPOSAL

Urban Design

08 PROPOSAL

08 PROPOSAL Marina Bay East Master Plan

08 PROPOSAL 0

100

200

500m

Urban Sections

Singapore Flyer

Marina Reservoir

Waterway

Gardens By The Bay

Marina Reservoir

Waterway

Gardens By The Bay

Marina Reservoir

Waterway

08 PROPOSAL

ACCESSIBILITY

Vehicular Access

Mechanized Carpark and Main Road

Main Road Carpark Park

100

200

500m

Linear Park

Mechanized Carpark

Slip Road

Main Road

08 PROPOSAL

ACCESSIBILITY

Alternative Transport Networks

Cycling Routes

Public Square Main Road

MRT & Tram Station

Waterfront Promenade

Tram Station

Primary Street

Water Taxi Route

Secondary Street

Water Taxi Stop

Public Square 0

100

200

500m

100

200

500m

08 PROPOSAL

ACCESSIBILITY

Emergency Routes

Service Routes *Servicing Hours only from 8am-11am

100

200

500m

100

200

500m

08 PROPOSAL

ACCESSIBILITY

Green and Blue Plan

Green Finger

Water Taxi Route Water Taxi Stop

100

200

500m

Arcade

Green Finger

Arcade

08 PROPOSAL

STREET LIFE

Ring Street & Promenade

Waterfront Promenade

Promenade Ring Street Public PublicSquare Square MRT Station Proposed Proposed MRT MRT Station Station 0

100

200

500m

Arcade

Promenade

Waterway

Promenade

Arcade

08 PROPOSAL

STREET LIFE

Ring Street

Arcade

Tram

Arcade

08 PROPOSAL STREET LIFE

STREET LIFE

Public Square

Arcade

08 PROPOSAL

Public Square

Tram

Public Square

Arcade

08 PROPOSAL

ACCESSIBILITY

Edges Hard Edge Soft Edge

100

200

500m

Soft Edge

Hard Edge

08 PROPOSAL

LANDUSE LANDUSE

HEIGHT CONTROL REMARKS

LANDUSE

REMARKS

100

200

500m

100

200

500m

08 PROPOSAL

SITE COVERAGE

DISTRICTS

The masterplan is broken down into 4 Districts. Each District has its own characteristic and land use proportion. North and South Districts Larger Education Hubs. West District Predominantly Residential East District Mixed-Used 0

100

200

500m

100

200

500m

North

East West

South

08 PROPOSAL

WEST DISTRICT

The west district is very close to nature, surrounded by Gardens by the Bay East green fingers which serve as linear parks, and the waterway. Thus, it is favourable for families, and this district is predominantly residential. These residences are all public housing, based on the typology of neighbourhoods N1 and N2, with green fingers distinguishing their boundaries. The parcellation of 3 neighbourhoods enables different neighbourhoods to have distinct designs that distinguishes them from each other, creating a better sense of identity for residents of each area. The low rise houses (maximum 5 storeys) allows people inside the buildings to see pedestrains and creates a friendly, comfortable and cosy streetscape.

08 PROPOSAL

NORTH DISTRICT

The north district is one of the education hubs for higher learning institutions. The many education institution plots of land can be used for one or many institutions, and a residential area nearer to Gardens by the Bay East provides student housing as well as private housing. T W

The character of this area is urban, hard scape and water-centric, with potential for a water sports district between the institutions. There is also a tall landmark building overlooking the pool created off the main waterway, serving as a wayfinder for people coming from even the south district.

08 PROPOSAL

EAST DISTRICT

The east district is predominantly commercial, with some residential areas that are for private housing or student housing. It is a modification of the neighbourhood typology N3, with clear civic squares for gathering in the centre, the waterfront promenade to one side, and a green park buffering the carparks to the other. The developments in this area will be larger scaled and more varied compared to the west district. Thus it provides a different type of character that attracts a variety of users who may come here for shopping, learning enrichment classes or to stay in SOHO apartments and other mixed-use residences.

08 PROPOSAL

SOUTH DISTRICT

The south district is the second education hub for higher learning institutions. It has a different character from the north district education hub, focusing on nature, with a soft edge waterfront park as well as linear parks running through the institutions. Such conditions are favourable for different types of institutions than those in an urban setting, as there is more open space and greenery. Those who study here can enjoy nature and easily engage in outdoor activities like cycling, and frisbee on the ample greens.

09 APPENDIX

78 78

79 79

09 APPENDIX

research

Research Newspaper clippings, government websites, blogs and other multimedia sources unveils the history and current situation of Marina Bay East.

09 APPENDIX

SITE STUDY

URA LAND USE

Land Use

Planned Land Supply 2010

2030

Housing

10,000 (14%)

13,000 (17%)

Industry and Commerce

9,700 (13%)

12,800 (17%)

Parks and Nature Reserves

5,700 (8%)

7,250 (9%)

Community, InsJtuJon and RecreaJon FaciliJes

5,400 (8%)

5,500 (7%)

UJliJes (e.g. power, water treatment plants)

1,850 (3%)

2,600 (3%)

Reservoirs

3,700 (5%)

Land Transport Infrastructure

8,300 (12%)

9,700 (13%)

Ports and Airports

2,200 (3%)

4,400 (6%)

Defence Requirements

13,300 (19%)

14,800 (19%)

Others

10,000 (14%)

14 (4%) 14

71,000 (100%)

Total

History

2,800

Source: URA

76,600 (100%) 12

5 3

3 Housing

12 5

4 19

6 17

6 13 5 3 7

Housing

Parks and Nature Reserve Parks and Nature Reserve

Housing

Industry and Commerce Parks and Nature Reserve Community, 17 Ins@tu@on and Recrea@on U@li@es

Reservoirs

9 5 3 7 Land Transport Ports and Airport

2010 Industry and Commerce Industry and C ommerce 82

13 19 8 3

12 5

Housing

Defence

Others Industry and C2030 ommerce Industry and Commerce

Parks and Nature Reserve Parks and Nature Reserve

Community, Ins@tu@on Community, and Recrea@on Ins@tu@on and Recrea@on Community, Ins@tu@on Community, and Recrea@on Ins@tu@on and Recrea@on U@li@es

U@li@es

09 APPENDIX

concept plan 2030

ABC WATER

Active, Beautiful & Clean (ABC) Water

Ac#ve, Beau#ful and Clean(ABC) Waters

¥  Meets about Marina Reservoir 10% of

Meets about 10% of Singapore’s Singapore’s Water Need

Water Need

Site

Marina Barrage separates the seawater from¥ theMarina freshwater Barrage

separates the seawater from the freshwater

First reservoir in the city

¥  First reservoir in the city

Source: URA 84

Source: PUB 85

09 APPENDIX

ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT

alternative transport

Trams/ Streetcars

By 2030, 8/10 households will live within 10min (~800m) of a train Station

Travels on urban street along tracks Run on electricity 1 tram to 40 cars Ease of accessibility to tram stops

Targetted MRT Intervals: -1min 50s on NSEWL -2min on NEL -2min 40s on CCL (During Peak Hour) Comfortable walking distance=400m

Trams/ Streetcar

Capacity

Speed

Dimensions

157

70km/h

2.6m x 20.1m

MRT Lines by 2030

LRT (Singapore) -Automated and Elevated Feeder Services to MRT -Runs on Electricity -Operating Hours: 5.20am – 12.30am -Longer operating hours than MRT

LRT

Total No. of Avg. Distance Distance Sta7ons between (Km) sta7ons(km)

Speed (km/h)

Bukit Panjang

7.8

0.6

Sengkang

10.7

0.9

Punggol

10.3

0.7

Water Taxi (New York) -Usually used as part of sight-seeing tours -Travels up to 24knots (44km/h) -Carries 74 passengers -Low in carbon footprint

09 APPENDIX

ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORT

alternative ENERGY

Cycling

Energy in Singapore

Park Connector Network

Pros -Zero-carbon emission -Schedule depends on user -Space saving (12 bicycle:1 car) -Ability to access areas cars are unable to.

-Largely from Natural Gasses -Commercial and industries are the main consumers. -Major Usage for Air-Conditioning Alternative Energy More renewable and clean compared to petroleum, natural gas (both comes from fossil fuels)

Cons -Climate not suitable for cycling -Slower than MRT, cars -Present roads not designed for bicycles

Energy Sources

Energy Consump.on

Others 4%

Transport 1%

Petroleum Products 18%

Residen7al 19%

Agriculture / Forestry 0% Commercial 43%

Natural Gas 43%

Industry 37%

Bicycle Lanes

Bicycle Signals

LTA Walk2Ride Campaign, More than 200km of sheltered walkways added around the island by 2018

09 APPENDIX

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

alternative ENERGY

Solar Panels

Tidal Energy - Turbines in the sea generate energy from tides - More predictable than solar or wind - However, Singaporeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mean tidal range of 1.7m is too low - Although southern regions tend to have stronger tides - Test bedding coducted in Sentosa, to develop a turbine for tropical seas

Typical PV cells Monocrystalline, Polycrystalline and thin-film

New Technology -2014 research by Michigan State University -PV on windows, phone screens etc -Completely clear, no coloured shadows

Energy Research Institute at NTU Researching on Tidal Energy -Practically, maximum extractable energy without damaging the environment is about 300-600 GWh per year -Using smaller turbines (1/3 scale) HDB Rooftop, Hougang, 2011

Carpark rooftop, Sembawang Shopping Centre, 2009

Singapore: high average annual solar irradiation of 1634 kWh/m2 Issues -Limited available land for large scale solar farms -High cloud cover -Urban shading -Need to improve PV cellsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; efficiencies

Floating PV test installation, Bishan Park, 2013

Issues: -Tidal Energy Systems may harm marine life -However, our site is reclaimed -To keep in mind: further land reclamation on the southern tip of our site

09 APPENDIX

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

alternative ENERGY

Wind Energy

Conclusion

Wind Turbines in U.K.

-Generating energy from wind turbines -Favors large rural land over high density urban areas -Very clean energy and renewable for windy areas -Often low energy outputs, actual efficiency much lower than -predicted -Noise issues leading to turning off of turbines -Aesthetics and safety issues Not typically used in Singapore Small Wind Turbines Capacity of 1-50kW (Singapore’s energy consumption is 35482GWh) Urban environment, built up areas Located on buildings or next to buildings

Alterna(ve Energy

Solar

Tidal

Wind

Powered using

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Cells

Small turbines (possibility of redesigned turbines for tropical waters)

Small Wind turbines

Feasibility

Currently not eﬃcient enough to fully power buildings Feasible with improvements in technology

Calm seas, low Adal ranges, not feasible for commercial power generaAon

Currently not eﬃcient enough ErraAc wind direcAon, low speeds Not feasible for large scale use

Examples in Singapore

HDB rooHops, FloaAng PV on reservoirs

Sentosa’s test-‐bed, Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal

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Passive Design

Example of SWT in UK

Monsoon winds: Dec to Mar – NE winds Jun to Sep – SW winds

Marina Barrage Wind Forecast, http://www.windfinder.com/forecast/marina_barrage_singapore

Issues on our site:

Low and inconsistent wind speeds Erratic wind directions Noise

Possibilities:

-URA’s guidelines for Marina South development: -Future buildings with varying heights (max 160m) -Creates “wind downwash effect” to channel air down to pedestrian levels -Buildings located more than 30m apart for better ventilation

SWT on tall buildings, or less used buildings e.g. Centralised bin centres More efficient turbines Turbines that capture winds in erratic directions Higher = faster winds (e.g. 90m/18 floors and above)

09 APPENDIX

Mechanised CARPArk

Carpark Requirements

Option A

Mechanized Carparks

Option B

E.g. M-Park on Club Street in Singapore (now demolished)

Cost efficient system that can expand parking space up to 8 times. Able to squeeze into land-scarce area (mimunim 2 parking lot footprint) Regulated by machinery, with minimal human labour. Only minimal ventilation and lighting is required. Short Construction time due to light-weight structure.

Carpark Costings

Option C

09 APPENDIX

HDB GUIDELINES

HDB Planing Unit (Large)

Facilities Planning

Planning level

No. of planning units

No. of dwelling units per planning unit

Population per planning unit

Land area per planning unit (ha)

Town

25,000–50,000

125,000–250,000

625

Neighbourhood

5–6

4000–6000

20,000–30,000

80–100

Precinct

6–7

500–1000

2500–5000

10–15

Planning and design of Tampines, an award-winning high-risehigh-density township in Singapore,Foo Tuan Seik, 1986

HDB Planning Units (Small)

http://www88.hdb.gov.sg/eBook/AnnualReport/Statistics2010.html

“Taking the new town as a whole, gross town densities average 60 dwelling units or 300 persons per hectare, which is one-third of the recommended average net density in residential areas of about 175 dwelling units or 875 persons per hectare”

“In the allocation of land uses, some 30–40% of land in a new town are to be provided for housing, one-third for industrial and commercial developments, and the rest for roads, utilities, schools, institutions, sports facilities, parks and playgrounds.”

Planning and design of Tampines, an award-winning high-risehigh-density township in Singapore,Foo Tuan Seik, 1986

Source: Wong and Yeh (1985). Note: “TC” means town centre, “NC” means neighbourhood centres, “du” means dwelling unit.

09 APPENDIX

STREET SECTION

Primary Street

SUMMARY OF FIGURES

Secondary Street

Alley Others

Service and Emergency

Emergency Only

GFA (Ha)

Residential

Commercial

West District

35.4

East District

Total

Education Institution

Civic and Community Institution

Public Space: Roads, Parks, etc.

2.2

16.4

7.2

11.0

72.2

13.6

11.1

0.4

4.0

8.3

37.4

North District

5.6

2.4

16.8

6.2

31.0

South District

7.7

5.2

12.4

8.4

33.7

Total (Ha)

62.3

20.9

11.2

33.9

174.3

GFA Percentage

36%

12%

Pedestrian Only

52%

100%