GORDON BALDWIN & EWEN HENDERSON
Works from the Mike O’Connor Collection
GORDON BALDWIN EWEN HENDERSON Works from the Mike O’Connor Collection
11 May - 21 October 2016 Verey Gallery - Eton College
The years pass and the connections multiply. This show is the tenth to have been created for the Verey Gallery since September 2011. In less than an hour with Matthew Hall, in a sunlit space full of pieces by Gordon Baldwin, our connections were revealed and an exhibition was born. The support of the College has enabled the Verey Gallery to be a part of a committed policy of reaching out not just to the school and its community but also to many other schools and communities. Indeed, this exhibition will be the focus of an art trail linking to the Windsor festival. The connections grow daily. Sir David Verey CBE
CERAMICS + MODERN ART
Erskine, Hall & Coe
Curated by Matthew Hall of Erskine, Hall & Coe
Gordon Baldwin and Ewen Henderson from the Mike O’Connor Collection
On the face of it, the two ceramic artists exhibited together here could not be more different. Gordon Baldwin’s sculptural vessels, with their smooth, painterly surfaces, and considered forms, stand perfectly balanced. Although invariably asymmetrical, enquiring, the questions they explore elucidated with patches, pocks, grids and lines, they have a poised authority. Ewen Henderson’s sculptures, by contrast, seem to re-enact the drama of their making. Craggy, rough, your eye dances over their surfaces, drawn from one excitement of texture or colour to another, discovering their formal logic as you move around them. They seem to triumph in accident, just as mountains owe their magnificence to cataclysmic movements beneath the earth’s surface. Seen side by side, however, similarities begin to emerge. Although these objects are made of clay, and most are vessels, they are far removed from functional ceramics. Material and form have become metaphors, recalling geological formations, seas and skies, ships and towers, paper and stone, bone and flesh. For both, clay, a humble material in comparison with bronze or marble, offers a sense of connection with humankind’s earliest makers as well as with the landscape from which clay is dug. Both build their objects by hand, eschewing the potter’s wheel, and while both use paint and colour, neither uses conventional glazes. Texture, the intimation to the viewer of how the pot would feel against the skin, plays as important a role as colour or form. Above all, these objects are ambitious. They address both formal and existential questions with continually renewed imagination and a profound seriousness. As the critic David Whiting puts it, “Both have shown how malleable clay can be in terms of three-dimensional drawing. Form is something to be reinvented, continually re-shaped, shifting, not reduced to some static or repeated ‘style’.... It is not about resolution, but about asking new questions, entirely new ones every time you make a piece.” Baldwin (b. 1932), and Henderson (1934-2000), were near contemporaries, children during the war. They formed part of a generation, including figures such as Gillian Lowndes and Bryan Illsley, who recognised, as the painter Paul Gauguin had done in the 1880s, that far from peripheral, ceramics can be “a central art”, that it could be part of the mainstream conversation of contemporary art, alongside sculpture, music, literature and painting. Figures from a previous generation, such as Michael Cardew, had been influenced overwhelmingly by the ideas of the Anglo-Japanese potter,
Bernard Leach, and had placed a value above all on the anonymous creation of functional wares - vases, jugs, bowls and plates. They had looked back to Medieval pottery, to Japanese tea bowls, to Chinese Song Dynasty pots and to African and other ancient pottery traditions. During the Second World War, however, the emigrés Lucie Rie and Hans Coper had brought to Britain a different aesthetic, one derived ultimately from modernist movements in art and design. Coper’s pots, in particular, owed more to prehistoric and modern sculpture than to the traditions of rural potting. In the 1950s and 1960s a generation of inspired teachers of ceramics, including Rie and Coper, encouraged an explosion of creativity in British art schools, one which, in an exhibition he curated in 1995, Henderson likened to the opening of Pandora’s Box. Baldwin started out as a painter. Klee, Kandinsky, Kokoschka, Giacometti and Arp were primary inspirations, as well as contemporary music - John Cage, John Adams, Karlheisen Stockhausen - and poetry. At Lincoln Art School however he was introduced to the work of Hans Coper. He recalls, “I was always bothered by Englishmen making work that looked Japanese – now I thought, ‘So pots can be modern!” He moved on to the Central School of Art, in London, where he took a course in industrial ceramics taught by Dora Billington and the sculptors Eduardo Paolozzi and William Turnbull. Here he began to develop his highly personal work, as much painting as sculpture. Henderson, meanwhile, did not take up art at all until his late twenties, inspired by evening classes and summer school. At Goldsmith’s he discovered clay (“I fell in love with both the material and the vessel as a magical form;” he once said) before studying ceramics at Camberwell School of Art under, among others, Hans Coper and Lucie Rie. Throughout his life Henderson continued to draw and paint, describing his collaged sculptures as “a kind of drawing in three dimensions.” For both, as it happens, the wild coastal landscapes of Wales have been a continual source of inspiration. Mike O’Connor, himself an artist, first met Baldwin here, at Eton College, where Baldwin taught for thirty-nine years, and where O’Connor had come as artist-in-residence. O’Connor’s widow says, “I think Gordon really sparked Mike’s passion for ceramics. His work was quite unlike anyone else working at the time.” They encountered Henderson’s work later but became good friends of both the artist and his wife. The pots here form part of what became a large collection of over 1,000 pots, prints and carvings. As Smith O’Connor remarks, “Gordon and Ewen are seemingly opposites, but both questioned the making of ceramics and came up with completely different answers, both equally valid and exciting.” Emma Crichton-Miller, 2016
Ewen Henderson (1934-2000) Born in Staffordshire in 1934, Ewen Henderson became interested in painting and sculpture while working for a timber company in Cardiff and started attending evening classes at the local art school. In 1964 he began a foundation course at Goldsmiths College in London where he first encountered clay. Later he would study ceramics under, among others, Hans Coper and Lucie Rie, at the Camberwell School of Art. But he always made time to draw and paint. He graduated in 1968 and continued his studies at Edinburgh College of Art before returning to London. Henderson very soon left the wheel behind and moved to the freedom of hand-building. Throughout his career he explored clay as a medium in its own right, and said of his work that: “It explores the significance of what is broken, torn or cut, the ability of single or multiple forms to speak of either compression or expansion, flatness or fullness. It is a kind of drawing in three dimensions. I start with fragments - familiar, found, improvised and then build up to complex structures that invite the observer to complete the circuit, so to speak, by considering such matters as memory, invention and metaphor.” In parallel with ceramics his passion for painting continued throughout his career, with watercolours, gouaches and collages becoming increasingly inseparable from his ceramics. Ancient cultures, geological forms and landscapes were persistent influences during his career - Avebury, Eden Valley in Cumbria, the Rollright Stones in north Oxfordshire, Orkney, and Manorbier in Pembrokeshire where he had a home for the last year of his life. Henderson’s work is viewable in many international public collections, including The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam, the Australian National Gallery in Canberra, the Kyoto Museum of Modern Art and the Victoria & Albert Museum in London.
Large Form, 1980s 55 x 44 x 30 cm EH-0086
Tea Bowl, 1990s 10 x 11 cm EH-0056
Tea Bowl, 1990s 8 x 15 cm EH-0031
Untitled, 1980s 49 x 30 x 28 cm EH-0129
Vessel, 1980s 57 x 28 cm EH-0101
Untitled, 1980s 44.5 x 40 x 25 cm EH-0137
Vase, 1980s 58 x 33 cm EH-0124
“I fell in love with both the material and the vessel as a magical form; but it was a long time before I realised how I wanted to use it...I was seduced by the alchemy of change where you take a material...and it is transmogrified into something else.� Ewen Henderson
Following spread: Zig-zag Folding Form, 1990s 39 x 52 x 29 cm EH-0131
Gordon Baldwin (b. 1932) Gordon Baldwin was born in Lincoln, England in 1932, and studied painting and pottery at the Lincoln School of Art and then at the Central School of Art and Design. He became a teacher of ceramics and sculpture at Eton College and has since become one of the world’s most distinguished ceramic artists. His early work featured functional stoneware vessels and tinglazed earthenware, and often reflected his fascination with landscape. As he developed as an artist, his work became influenced by contemporary sculpture. In the 1950s, he employed a variety of techniques and began hand-building, using both earthenware and stoneware, often reworking and re-firing pieces several times. He is recognised for the rich variety of forms he builds which combine sculptural form with abstract painterly marks. Baldwin has been very influential in moving ceramics towards sculpted structures and away from traditional functional pots. Baldwin has described his approach as ‘a non search for beauty,’ finding most satisfaction in ‘forms which have a certain awkward resonance,’ a more challenging purity and strength. Today, he is based at his home in Shropshire. Baldwin has received many awards throughout his career, including an OBE in 1992 and an honorary doctorate from the Royal College of Art in London in 2000. He was shortlisted for the Jerwood Ceramic Prize in 1996, and to mark his 80th birthday, there was a touring exhibition and retrospective of his work in 2012. He has exhibited his sculptures internationally and is represented in many public collections.
Untitled, 1990 72 x 55 cm GB-0042
Untitled, 1991 56 x 54 x 25 cm GB-0032
Untitled, 1984 47 x 28 cm GB-0037
Opposite: Vessel with Double Spout, 1987 57 x 45 x 20 cm GB-0005 This page: Untitled, 1997 35 x 30 cm GB-0034
Untitled, 1984 59 x 44.5 x 25 cm GB-0041
Untitled, 1990 64.5 x 48 x 12 cm GB-0040
“The role I take is Artist as Explorer with the vessel as my basic structure (like the structure of a Haiku). Each piece begins out of a strange compulsion to take a certain action... I usually work in series constructing by the traditional method of coiling, discovering the piece as I proceed. It is an intuitive process carried on without analytical thought. The piece is made when the resonances are right.�
Gordon Baldwin
Dark Vessel from an Inscape, 1989 30 x 34 x 30 cm GB-0014
Gordon Baldwin b. 1932 Vessel with Double Spout, 1987 earthenware 57 x 45 x 20 cm GB-0005
Small Lidded Box, c. 1974 porcelain 6.5 x 12 cm GB-0024
Untitled, 1974 porcelain 22 x 21.5 cm GB-0035
Vessel Looking for a Place, 2007 earthenware 42 x 60 x 23 cm GB-0006
Small Lidded Vessel for Jean Arp, 1977 porcelain 15 x 7.5 cm GB-0026
Untitled, 1978 earthenware 10 x 50 x 32.5 cm GB-0036
Pavo, 1977-78 earthenware 36 x 40 x 15 cm GB-0013 Dark Vessel from an Inscape, 1989 earthenware 30 x 34 x 30 cm GB-0014 Small Lidded Box, c. 1974 porcelain 7 x 11 cm GB-0023
Blackscape, c. 1972 earthenware 15 x 53 x 40 cm GB-0029 Untitled, 1991 earthenware 56 x 54 x 25 cm GB-0032 Untitled, 1997 earthenware 35 x 30 cm GB-0034
Untitled, 1984 earthenware 47 x 28 cm GB-0037 Untitled, 1990 earthenware 64.5 x 48 x 12 cm GB-0040 Untitled, 1984 earthenware 59 x 44.5 x 25 cm GB-0041 Untitled, 1990 earthenware 72 x 55 cm GB-0042
This page: Large white bowl decorated with lines and piercings, 1995 earthenware 49 x 57 x 45 cm *
Previous spread: Vessel Looking for a Place, 2007 42 x 60 x 23 cm GB-0006
Ewen Henderson (1934-2000) Untitled, 1990s laminated stoneware 30 x 33 x 22 cm EH-0021
Tea Bowl, 1990s stoneware 10 x 11 cm EH-0056
Vase, 1980s mixed laminated clays 58 x 33 cm EH-0124
Tea Bowl, 1990s stoneware 8 x 15 cm EH-0031
Large Form, 1980s laminated stoneware 55 x 44 x 30 cm EH-0086
Untitled, 1980s laminated stoneware 49 x 30 x 28 cm EH-0129
Tea Bowl, 1990s stoneware 11.5 x 12.5 cm EH-0039
Untitled, c. 1990 laminated stoneware 12 x 27 x 20 cm EH-0087
Zig-zag Folding Form, 1990s laminated stoneware 39 x 52 x 29 cm EH-0131
Tea Bowl, 1990s stoneware 11.5 x 15 cm EH-0048
Vessel, 1980s mixed laminated clays 57 x 28 cm EH-0101
Untitled, 1980s laminated stoneware 44.5 x 40 x 25 cm EH-0137
Dish form with opening at one end, 1990 stoneware & mixed clays 17 x 57 x 49 cm *
* Both works from Eton College Collections. Reproduced by kind permission of the Provost and Fellows of Eton College
Erskine, Hall & Coe would like to acknowledge the many people who have helped to make this exhibition possible. We would like to thank Eton College and David Verey for their kind invitation to hold this exhibition at the Verey Gallery. We would also like to thank Charlotte Villiers, Bryan Lewis, Dennis Wallis, the Estate of Ewen Henderson, the family of Mike O’Connor, Marsden Woo Gallery (who represent Gordon Baldwin), Tim Sayer and Emma Crichton-Miller for their generous contributions to this exhibition. All works from the Mike O’Connor Collection will form part of a Gordon Baldwin & Ewen Henderson exhibition to be held at Erskine, Hall & Coe, London in 2017. Full details of this exhibition will appear on Erskine, Hall & Coe’s website in due course. Further information about Ewen Henderson and Gordon Baldwin may be found on our website, www.erskinehallcoe.com
Untitled, 1978 10 x 50 x 32.5 cm GB-0036
Design by fivefourandahalf Printed by Witherbys Lithoflow Printing All photography by Michael Harvey, with the exception of the works from Eton College Collections