Thanks and Gratitude : I must thank all those who contributed to my arrival to this stage and the preliminary investigation my steps in this life: -Dr. Wael Al Shamaly -Dr. Nabil Abu-Dayyeh -Arch. Diana Dumour -Arch. Maen Hakim -Arch. Mazen Zuhdi Al-Nabulsi -Dr. Ayman N. Toama -Prof. Yahia Y. Al Zoubi -Dr. Fouad Husseini -Dr. Majida Yakhlef -Dr. Amal R. Abed -Dr. Vlada Melnik -Arch. Joud Khasawneh -Arch. Amani A. Sawalha -Arch. Roa’a J. Zidan
Dedicated to Archi. Ala Gammoh Thank you for teaching me valuable information and helping and provide a best way to do all my abilities in Graduation project Course which was implemented in Al-Mujib Tourism Center . Kind Regards,
ESAM BASSAM TURKMANI 2011114540 Syrian nationality 23 years old Esamturkmani93@outlook.com
”Through tourism, we’re able to open people’s eyes to what a magnificent land and nation we have here, and the tremendous surprises and treasures that Jordan holds.” His Majesty King Abdullah II
Problem Identification
18 References :
19
Project Description
What is the Project ??? AL-MUJIB TOURISM CENTER is located in
Jordan near the Dead Sea. The Project will concentrate on Adventure Tourism and Ecological Tourism (Treatment , Dead sea mud as a cure of a many skin problems) , and this happens by Linking Mujib Valley with The Dead Sea coast using TELEFERIQUE, The sketching below explain the idea .....
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1- Adventure Tourism 1.1- Wadi Mujib Visitors Center 1.2- Adventure Center
2- Ecological Tourism 2.1- Treatment Center 2.2- Accomodation Facilities
21
Project Description
1.1-Wadi Mujib visitor centre : This part organizes special trips to mujib valley and how to welcome the visitors and prepare them for interesting adventure inside the valley and provide them all the services they need to enjoy with the adventure . and this part also contains the Teleferique which the visitors can use to reach the dead sea coast .
1.2- Adventure Center : In this part Visitors will experience exciting activities such as mountaineering and artificial walls climbing and paint ballwhere this part is divided in two places : Activities near the Dead Sea and Activities inside the visitor center to be concentrated on adventure tourism.
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2.1- Treatment Center : In this part the focus is on Medical tourism where they are use the benefit from the Dead Sea salty waters to provide a place for provision of medication and therapeutics creams in addition to providing spa near the beach for a massage and other things , related to Treatment Tourism.
2.2- Accomodation Facilities : It Aims to provide an Adequate space for accomodation to the tourism to enjoy their stay at the dead sea enjoying the magnificent views and climate especially in winter time .
23
Project Description
Why Mujib Nature Reserve?? 1- Wadi Mujib reserve was chosen due to the Opportunities of providing the main services like bathrooms, changing rooms, medical service for special treatments, supermarkets to satisfy tourist needs and in addition to sleeping area for foreign tourist and car Parking also, and Especially the view to the dead sea in upper by teleferique . 2- Due to the nearness of Dead Sea in the district, there are couple of interests and not interested which are the adventure tourism in Wadi Mujeb and environmental tourism in dead sea. Their interests will give the tourist a kind of diversity in the district. 3- The main reason for choosing this project is due to the accident that happened to me personally in Wadi Mujeb. Occurred on Thursday 1/5/2015, I went as a local tourist looking for adventure and experience in this special area but what happened was I accidently felt under the waterfall between the rocks where I had to wait for a rescue to come by. Waiting for 20 minutes were the toughest moments in my life until the responsible community came by to rescue me. From here I decided to take this area into consideration, so that this accident won’t happen to anyone else.
24
whom are we targeting ?? As a start point from the international tourists strategic 2010-2015, Their was a 30% increase in the local tourists where the number of tourists Reached up to 9.4 million. The international, regional, and Local tourists are the targeted visitors Due to the beauty of nature, the Air freshness of the environment as well as the spirit of adventure in 212 Km the area of place. The following statistics shows the number of visitors to the district for the Past few years :
Year
Number of tourist
2007
7079
2008
10642
2010
15015
2011
17631
2012
20000
2013
18000
2014
16000 25
Project Description
Vision
‘’Only less than two months left before the water trail season ends in Wadi Mujib. It was one of the most thrilling experiences I have had this summer’’ Al Hussein bin Abdullah II ,2015 ‘’magical places are always beautiful and deserve to be contemplated ... always stay on the bridge between the invisible and visible.’’ paulo coelho ‘’look deep into nature and then you will understand everything better .’’ albert Einstein Imagine sitting under a clear sky watching the stars and you sip Cup of juice and coloured mountains around you and hear the sound of water flow between these rocks. That what we hope designing a place that truism relaxing and enjoying in it . 26
APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY The project began with a question ; How can we as Architect show the world , the beauty of wadi mujib reserve in Jordan . As an natural reserve, wadi mujib possesses high potential for further development through improving The visitor center as a starting point for an adventurous feeling throughout an escorted path of Excitement. Moving towards the center for a wild life exploration inside the reserve and to a place for an environmental scientific research. However, Wadi mujib not only can be improved in terms of its accessibility but also the opportunity of developing the reserve spaces is not far from reach. As Architect we aim to qualify the area for expected and un-expected future challenges.
27
Project Description
Objectives 1- Act as coordinating agency for national and international adventure activities and water games. 2- Promote adventure activities in the area . 3- Hone mountaineering skills of individuals . 4- To promote medical and leisure theraphy tourism in the area . 5- To Promote of Therapeutic tourism as a unique treatment massage identical to the area. 6- The tourist center is being designed as a friendly environmental building. 7- To Provid the main services in the area Especially the Chalets . 8- To Promote the unique veiw of dead sea by useing teleferique to connection the visitors center in mujib Borders to Chalets in Dead sea Borders.
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Goals Our Achievements in this project is to construct a green building in the Wadi Mujib reserve to become the main place for the tourist to enjoy their moment. However it’s the starting point for their excitement adventure where it contains a various type of rare animals and plants species. In addition to the nature beauty of the waterfall where it passes throughout the rocks. Another goal is to increase number of tourist in the area which leads to an increase in the economical value of the country.
29
Problem Identification
Tourism The significance of tourism :
T
ourism is one of the fastest-growing industries of the 21st century in terms of global GDP contribution, foreign exchange earnings and job creation. According to the UN World Tourism Organization, in spite of occasional shocks, international tourist arrivals have shown virtually uninterrupted growth from
30 References :
Ministry Of Tourism And Antiquities
438 million in 1990, to 681 million in 2000, to 935 million in 2010. International tourism receipts reached US$919 billion in 2010. UNWTO retains confidence in its long-term forecasts for international growth in tourism, which projects that international arrivals will reach nearly 1.6 billion by the year 2020.
The importance of tourism to the economy and social development of Jordan :
J
ordan experienced a steady increase in tourism during the first decade of the 21st century. Over eight million tourism arrivals in 2010 of which 4.55 million were overnight visitors, a 20.3% increase in overnight visitors on 2009. Tourism expenditure reached
more than JD 2.423 billion which contributed 12.4% to the national GDP. Direct employment reached 41,900 in 2010 and is estimated to support several hundred thousand full time-equivalent jobs economy-wide when the full multiplier impact is accounted for.
31
Problem Identification
Tourism is the largest single sector in global economy; • 10% GDP global • 20% GDP developing economy • 12.5% global employment G20, 2009: Tourism is a primary vehicle for Job creation, trade development and poverty alleviation .
32 References : Jordan Indound Tour Operators Association
Tourism
has become an essential player in Jordan economy, and recently showed remarkable growth in terms of revenues, rising by 9 % in the first quarter of 2010. The tourism sector in Jordan acts as the driver of sustainable economic development and is considered the second fastest growing sector in the kingdom being the largest export sector and a major employer. Jordan witnessed several development projects in some of key tourist attractions, mainly in Aqaba and Dead Sea, which cooperate in marketing Jordan as a tourist destination and raise its competitiveness within the region. In the recent Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report, produced by the World Economic Forum, Jordan ranked in position 53 out of 130 countries on the Travel and Tourism Competitive Index.
The Jordan National Tourism Strategy 2010-2015
vision is to make Jordan a distinctive destination with diverse visitor experiences that will enrich the lives of Jordanians and their guests. The strategy, aims at improving quality of services and diversifying products and facilities to conform to international criteria and increase number of tourists visiting tourism sites.
33
Problem Identification
34 References :
Ministry Of Tourism And Antiquities
The strategy is subdivided into 4 Pillar :
Also, receipts from domestic tourists as well as those generated from Gulf, Arab and foreign visitors have all increased substantially since 2007: o 34% increase in domestic tourism receipts o 43% increase seen in receipts from visitors from Gulf countries o 57.5% increase seen in foreign tourist receipts o 38.2% in receipts from Arab visitors
35
Problem Identification
The concept of the ‘Jordanian Experience’ will play an important role in creating a distinctive brand for the country and this must be delivered in reality on the ground by providing a memorable visitor experience.
36 References :
Ministry Of Tourism And Antiquities
37
About Wadi Mujib And one of the important tourism place in Jordan is Natural reserves
Nature reserves in Jordan Approximate locations of the first six reserves There are at least seven nature reserves in Jordan. In 1966, the organization that would later start Jordan’s nature reserves, the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature, was founded. RSCN’s first efforts involved bringing back severely endangered species. In 1973, RSCN, was given the right to issue hunting licenses, giving RSCN an upper hand in preventing extinction. The first step was the founding of Jordan’s first nature reserve, Shaumari Wildlife Reserve, in 1975. The primary purpose was to create means to breed endangered species, specifically: the Arabian oryx, gazelles, ostriches and Persian onagers in their natural environment.
38 References : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_reserves_in_Jordan
Reserve
Location
Size
Date established
South-central 320 square Dana kilometres Biosphere Reserve
1993
Mujib Bisphere Reserve
Eastern shore 220 square of the Dead kilometres Sea
1987
Ajloun Forset Reserve
Northeast
13 square kilometres
1988
Dibeen Forest Reserve
Northeast
8.5 square kilometres
2004
Azraq Watland Reserve
Northeast
12 square kilometres
1978
Shaumari wildlife Reserve
Northeast
22 square kilometres
1975
39
About Wadi Mujib Mujib Biosphere Reserve Wadi Al Mujib is a gorge in Jordan which enters the Dead Sea at 410 meters below sea level. The Mujib Reserve of Wadi Al Mujib is the lowest nature reserve in the world, located in the mountainous landscape to the east of the Dead Sea, approximately 90 km south of Amman. The 220 square kilometers reserve was created in 1987 by the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature and is regionally and internationally important, particularly for the bird life that the reserve supports. It extends to the Kerak and Madaba mountains to the north and south, reaching 900 meters above sea level in some places.
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The Mujib reserve in Wadi Al Mujib consists of mountainous, rocky, and sparsely vegetated desert (up to 800 m), with cliffs, gorges and deep wadis cutting through plateaus. Perennial, spring-fed streams flow down the wadis to the shores of the Dead Sea which lies 400 m below sea-level.Wadi Al MujibThe slopes of the mountainous land are very sparsely vegetated, with a steppe-type vegetation on plateaus. Groundwater seepage does occur in places along the Dead Sea shore, for example at the hot springs of Zara, which support a luxuriant thicket of Acacia, Tamarix, Phoenix and Nerium, and a small marsh. The less severe slopes of the reserve are used by pastoralists for the grazing of sheep and goats.Wadi Al MujibThe hot springs of Hammamat Ma’in lie close to the borders of the reserve are heavily used for tourism/recreation.
41
About Wadi Mujib Archaeologists have identiďŹ ed Wadi Mujib as a human habitation site since the Copper Age (4500-3200 BCE). During biblical times, the Mujib River served as a major geographical and political boundary between the kingdoms of Moab and Ammon. Once a busy commercial area for salt and oil, villagers now depend on farming for their livelihoods. Established in 1985, the Mujib Biosphere Reserve covers an area of 212km2 bordering the Dead Sea at lower than 416 meters below sea level, which makes it the lowest reserve on Earth. It serves as an internationally recognized staging ground for migratory birds such as White Storks and Levant Sparrows. At least nine species of birds of prey are known to breed in the reserve, including the Little Owl and Long-legged Buzzard. The Mujib Biosphere Reserve is also the national home of the Nubian Ibex, a large mountain goat that was a symbol of the moon god during the reign of the Queen of Sheba. Once on the brink of extinction in the Kingdom, the Ibex captive breeding program was initiated by The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature in 1989 and over 90 Ibex live in the Reserve today.
42
From a Nature to a Biosphere Reserve In 2011, the United Nations Educational, ScientiďŹ c, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) declared the formerly-named Mujib Nature Reserve a biosphere reserve. In doing so, UNESCO recognized RSCN’s efforts in reconciling biodiversity conservation with sustainable use. The Mujib Biosphere Reserve will conserve landscapes and ecosystems, foster socio-economic development, and provide support for research and education.
43
About Wadi Mujib
44 References : The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature
45
Trails
Siq Trail With or without guide Grade: Easy to Moderate, depending on the season Time: 2-3 hours Starting times: 8:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. Group size: 1-80 people Requirements Must be at least 18 years old, know how to swim, have a reasonable level of ďŹ tness. Description The trail starts at the Visitor Center near the Mujib Bridge, where you will take the cantilevered walkway over the dam and follow the course of the river between towering sandstone cliffs to the base of a large waterfall. Depending on seasonal rainfall levels, the gorge may contain pools deep enough for swimming. This is an ideal walk to take slowly and enjoy the cool water and shade, especially in the heat of the summer.
46 References : The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature
Canyon Trail Guided only Grade:Moderate to DifďŹ cult Time: 4 hours Starting time: 8:30 a.m.Group size: 5-25 people Requirements Visitors must be at least 18 years old, know how to swim, have a reasonable level of ďŹ tness, and no fear of heights. Description Passing through white rock hills, this trail leads from the Visitor Center to the Mujib River. The trail follows the river downstream from the head of the Mujib Gorge. Shortly after entering the gorge, you will reach the top of a spectacular waterfall 20m high, which will be negotiated under the watchful eye of trained guides. After descending the waterfall, the hike continues along the gorge (with views of spectacular rock formations) and returns you to the Visitor Center.
47
Trails
Malaqi Trail Guided only Grade: Moderate to Difficult Time: 7 hours Starting time: 8:00 a.m. Group Size: 5-25 people Requirements Visitors must be at least 18 years old, know how to swim, have a reasonable level of fitness and no fear of heights. Description This water trail starts at the Visitor Center and leads quickly to white hills made of soft rock deposits. After passing through these hills, you descend to the Mujib River. The hike continues upstream to the confluence with the Hidan River. Here you eat a packed lunch and swim in the natural pools before moving on to a 20m high waterfall which will be negotiated under the watchful eye of trained guides. Continue along the river, arriving back at the Visitor Center.
48
The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature
References : http://rscn.org.jo/sites/default/files/publication/Mujib-EN.pdf
Ibex Trail Guided only Grade: Moderate Time: 4 hours Starting time: 8:30 a.m. Group size: 5-25 people Requirements Visitors must be at least 18 years old. Description The trail begins at the Visitor Center and follows the Dead Sea Highway before ascending into the Reserve. Diverging to the south, the trail runs parallel to the Dead Sea, which provides a startlingly blue backdrop for the entire hike. The hike then continues along a number of dry wadis to the Raddas Ranger Station, where you may see Nubian Ibex. It is also where the famous rock “statue” of Lot’s wife can be seen. After resting at the Station, the trail continues along a road for about one hour until reaching the Reserve entrance near the Visitor Center.
49
About Dead Sea
Dead Sea Deep in the Jordan Valley and 55 km southeast of Amman, is the Dead Sea, one of the mostspectacular natural and spiritual landscapes in the whole world. It is the lowest body of water on earth, the lowest point on earth, and the world’s richest source of natural salts, hiding wonderful treasures that accumulated throughout thousands of years. To reach this unique spot, the visitor enjoys a short 30 minutes drive from Amman, surrounded by a landscape and arid hills, which could be from another planet. En route a stone marker indicates “Sea Level”, but the Dead Sea itself is not reached before descending another 400 meters below this sign.
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The sunset touching distant hills with ribbons of fire across the waters of the Dead Sea brings a sense of unreality to culminate a day’s visit to this region. It is normally as calm as a millpond, with barely a ripple disturbing its surface, but it can become turbulent. During most days, however, the water shimmers under a beating sun. Where rocks meet its lapping edges, they become snow-like, covered with a thick, gleaming white deposit that gives the area a strange and surreal sense. As its name evokes, the Dead Sea is devoid of life due to an extremely high content of salts and minerals which gives its waters the renowned curative powers, therapeutic qualities, and its buoyancy, recognized since the days of Herod the Great, more than 2000 years ago.
51
About Dead Sea
The Benefits of Dead Sea Salt The waters of the Dead Sea have been renowned for their therapeutic effects since ancient times. Two thousand years ago, Flavius wrote that the salts from the Dead Sea heal the human body. The waters from the Dead Sea are unique in that they contain 27% of various salts as compared to 3% in normal sea water. Further, while sodium accounts for approximately 80% of the salt content of normal sea water, it comprises much less of the salt total in water from the Dead Sea. The balance of the salts in Dead Sea water are magnesium, potassium, calcium chloride and bromides.
52 References :
http://www.saltworks.us/salt_info/si_DeadSeaSalt_Benefits.asp
Why are Dead Sea salts beneficial? Magnesium is important for both combating stress and fluid retention, slowing skin aging and calming the nervous system. Calcium is effective at preventing water retention, increasing circulation and strengthening bones and nails. Potassium energizes the body, helps to balance skin moisture and is a crucial mineral to replenish following intense exercise. Bromides act to ease muscle stiffness and relax muscles. Sodium is important for the lymphatic fluid balance (this in turn is important for immune system function). So we can see that bathing in high quality sea salt could replenish the minerals which are critical to our skin metabolism.Studies have been conducted on the health benefits of bathing in Dead Sea salts. One such study was conducted by Dr. I.Machtey on 103 patients suffering from osteoarthritis and tendinitis. Patients were either treated with baths of 7.5%, 2% or 0.5% Dead Sea salt concentration. Improvement was found after as little as one week of treatment for those treated with 7.5% or 2% salt baths. By the study’s end, 80% of the patients reported less pain; 70% experienced improved mobility and 60% were able to decrease their use of analgesics. Dr. J. Arndt studied the effect of Dead Sea salt baths on psoriasis. Fifty patients were treated for 3-4 weeks, taking 3-4 baths each week. In as little as one week, many patients treated with a 10% salt concentration in their baths experienced marked improvement. This improvement included relief from itching, sleep disturbances, and skin scaling. Treatment with Dead Sea salts is not associated with any side effects. - by Amy K. McNulty, Ph.D.
53
Problem Identification
54 References :
55
Feynan Eco Lodge
Client: The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature
Designer : KHAMMASH Architects City: Dana Biosphere Reserve Date: 2005
56 References :
http://www.khammash.com/projects/feynan-eco-lodge?field_gallery_type_tid=8
Site Plan
Feynan Eco-lodge sits on the lower entrance of the Dana Biosphere Reserve in Wadi Araba. It has an access from the lowest African Ecosystem which makes the ecology of the place even more interesting. Sited in the lower end of the Dana Reserve, the lodge was built in the wadi (bed) where a previous campsite for The Natural Resource Authority once existed in the 1960’s. The project was intended to use the exact footprint of the old campsite, so as not to extend the already interrupted area of intervention.
57
Feynan Eco Lodge concept :
The client (i.e. RSCN) asked for a very basic and minimalist building. Their main aim was to spend their resources on training, operating and managing the wildlife in the reserve. So, the building was done in a very strict low-cost policy. “I wanted a very humble place where people can retire like a monastery, a place where monks stay. I was highly inspired by the poor and basic Coptic monasteries in Egypt which I once visited.” -Ammar Khammash
58 References :
http://www.khammash.com/projects/feynan-eco-lodge?field_gallery_type_tid=8
Zoning :
1- Cafe & Restorants 3-Tourist police 5-Main Courtyard & Horizontal Circulation
2- Public Rooms 4- Administration & reception
26 ensuite rooms, sleeping up to 60 people - A fully equipped meeting room with a capacity for up to 60 people - 8 areas for breakout sessions: 2 indoor and 6 outdoor (can be used for retreats - A spacious roof with a 360 degree vista overlooking the mountains and surrounding desert - Full in-house meal catering service . 59
Feynan Eco Lodge Bubble Diagram :
In this diagram noted the relationships between Main Function and the proportion of space between each other. We noted that the main core are connected between all the other space that because the easy circulation and moving in the buildings .
60 References :
http://www.khammash.com/projects/feynan-eco-lodge?field_gallery_type_tid=8
Some Photo For activity in the building :
61
Feynan Eco Lodge Plan :
Ground Floor Plans 1- Entrance 2- Bikes 3- Shops 4- vagatation 5- Bathrooms 6- Cafes 7- Restorants 8- Kitchens
18.75m2 15.5m2 16.0m2 15.0 m2 41.4 m2 43.4m2 98.75 m2 80.70 m2
9- Comman Rooms 10-lectures 11- Tourist police 12- Recaptions 13- Offices 14- Courtyads & Paths 15- Tea Bar Ground Floor Area :
61.5m2 54.75m2 86.8m2 83 m2 38.8 m2 130.0m2 8.5 m2
793 m2
62 References :
http://www.khammash.com/projects/feynan-eco-lodge?field_gallery_type_tid=8
First Floor Plans 1- Double Room 2- Single Room 3- Bathroom 4- Storage 5- vegetation 6- Courtyard & Paths
First Floor Area :
352.8m2 134.6m2 28.4m2 24.4 m2 45.2 m2 188.3 m2
774 m2 63
Feynan Eco Lodge
Second Floor Plans 1- Terrace for activity 2- Staff Room Second Floor Area :
134.5 m2 87.8 m2 222.3 m2
64 References :
http://www.khammash.com/projects/feynan-eco-lodge?field_gallery_type_tid=8
Entrance & circulation :
Section A-A :
1- Main Entrance 3-Main Circulation (Public) 5-Main Courtyard & Horizontal Circulation
2- Service Entrance 4- Staff Circulation (Private)
65
Feynan Eco Lodge Entrance & circulation :
Why Courtyard ??? The light penetrates the courtyard openings which manipulate the natural sun light just like a self-sculpting instrument that plays the moving light across the different hours of the day. The passageway in the interior of the building carries resonances from the old souqs of Damascus and Aleppo. It connects the light masses of the different courtyards together to form a passive cooling system, especially when the wind blows right into the passageway, a wind chimney is created.
66 References :
http://www.khammash.com/projects/feynan-eco-lodge?field_gallery_type_tid=8
Light :
Section B-B :
The broad aim of the design process was to construct an ‘opposite’ to the present merciless landscape and the arid environment by creating a microclimate of ‘darkness’, opposite to the glaring sun, just like monasteries.
67
Feynan Eco Lodge Structure :
In general, the architect use traditional construction system represented 107 column in different sizes and shapes. Also in general, the distance between the column and another (module) is 3.5 meters.
68 References :
http://www.khammash.com/projects/feynan-eco-lodge?field_gallery_type_tid=8
Wall & Roof :
Section C-C :
Just as most of the Jordanian poor families use concrete blocks as the main unit of building, it was used in the construction of Feynan Eco-lodge walls. The worst thing about using such material is the poor insulation, to overcome that in the lodge: a double layer of blocks were used with an air gap in the middle. Since most of the heat escapes through the roofs, it was the biggest climate control challenge. To overcome heat loss, roofs where made from two layers of Ferro-cement sandwiching straw bales in-between to ensure low thermal bridging. The very thin inflated organic domes do not follow any particular geometry; they were done spontaneously from 3-4cm of plastered chicken wire. The protruded and bulging domes face the sun from one side, and shade the other side, another climate control strategy used in the project 69
Feynan Eco Lodge Architecture Language :
The architecture of the exterior extends to the interior, creating a vivid coherence between the outside narrative and the inside. The mono-material language of the space, reminiscing a womb or a shell, makes it very relaxing for the escaping visitor. The typical room in Feynan Eco-lodge is made out of nude walls from sand and cement, cotton white sheets, and minimal joinery: a purely molded space. that what the Borrowed from archaeological architecture .
70 References :
http://www.khammash.com/projects/feynan-eco-lodge?field_gallery_type_tid=8
Stone chips :
Stone chips were used as sun-breakers in the southern and western elevations; a technique widely used in Asir in Yemen and some parts in Saudi Arabia. In addition to the stone chips sculpting value, they were valuable in forming a climate control tool. In the summer, the stones shade the walls from the vertical sun; as the sun moves, the elevation changes dynamically over the day. During the winter season, the sun is lower and the shade is shallower, thus heat is retained in the walls warming the building’s interior. 71
Feynan Eco Lodge Interior design
Just like a typical Jordanian Fellahi peasant house built in the 19th century in which women used to mold the furniture from mud-based plaster, our office adopted the same monolithic approach when designing the interior spaces, rendering a wall into a desk, a bed or a sofa. If we are to take the metaphor further, part of a Monk’s prayer is living on bread alone. In an attempt to prove how the city spoils the spirit, the rooms were designed to be too minimal, with no televisions, radios or electricity. Batteries die in the first day and somehow the visitor ends up being forced to give up those things and experience the deprivation just like monks.
72 References :
http://www.khammash.com/projects/feynan-eco-lodge?field_gallery_type_tid=8
Trial :
The choice of walks from Feynan is dizzying. Routes are decided the day before, but could include the informative Copper Mines trail , explaining the significance of Feynan for ancient copper-smelting, visiting Roman mine-shafts and slag heaps, or sampler trails into Wadi Ghwayr – past Roman ruins into a perpetually flowing stream-bed – or Wadi Dana, for birdwatching and spectacular views . There’s also a selfguided option for a walk to nearby archeological sites , including a Roman aqueduct, Byzantine church and Neolithic village. Every day, a guided sunset walk leads from the lodge on a short stroll up to a nearby hilltop, for freshly brewed bedouin tea and stunning views westwards as the sun sets over the vast Wadi Araba deserts.
73
Feynan Eco Lodge
Sustainably : His style marries local materials with traditional arid-zone building techniques – thick walls, recessed windows, ribs to cast shadow on exterior walls, shaded interior courtyard, and so on – in the Feynan Ecolodge, a unique building that is functional, sympathetic and attractive. The lodge’s green credentials are impeccable. It is not connected to the grid, and generates all its own electricity through solar panels – but only the reception office, bathrooms and kitchen have power; the rest of the building is lit by candles (which are made locally by hand). Water comes from local springs, and is heated by the sun for showers and kitchen use. Over the few chilly weeks of winter, the lodge fireplaces burn not wood but jift, a by-product of olive-oil production made from compacted olive stones and dry residue. The lodge composts and recycles, serving only vegetarian food made from locally sourced products: bread is baked fresh each day by a woman from the local bedouin community.
74 References :
http://www.khammash.com/projects/feynan-eco-lodge?field_gallery_type_tid=8
75
Feynan Eco Lodge Sustainably :
And the place has atmosphere. Sit out on the terrace, lounge on the sofas, try a spot of star-gazing on the roof, walk in the hills – it’s bewitchingly calm and contemplative. Set down below stony crags under a scorching sun, the lodge feels remote, but crucially not cut off from its surroundings. This is no luxury tourist hideyhole planted down amid rural poverty. . Feynan has been named one of the world’s best ecolodges for a reason.
76 References :
http://www.khammash.com/projects/feynan-eco-lodge?field_gallery_type_tid=8
Conclusion : - How the designer deal with surrounding environment in terms of materials used in construction, which is dominated by the local character. - Sustainable environmental solutions used by the designer to address problems in this nature environment, such as the use of domes and thick walls , etc ... - How to deal with the internal space and the lighting this space through the metaphor of old local elements, such as Courtyard and corridors , etc .. - Take advantage of the functionality of the building and distribution of the appropriate spaces on these function and relationship with each other. - Know the existing functionality within the visitor center and the services offered to tourists that. - How to involve the community in the building to take advantage of the building for all.
77
Collider Activity Center
Architects: Fissure Team (Ignacio Gias, JesĂşs Lorenzo GarvĂn, Ana Vida) Location: Sofia, Bulgaria Program: Climbing center Area: 8,000 sqm; building program Year: 2013 78 References :
http://www.archdaily.com/352702/collider-activity-center-competition-entry-ignacio-gias-jes-s-lorenzo-garv-n-ana-vida
Site Plan
As a climbing wall, the artificial realization and construction of a natural environment should limit or transition between an urban context to a natural one. In order to express this bipolarity, the building acquires a rigid, geometrical and massive character, that by the use of a grid pattern, pretends to represent the human world, the city, the knowledge and the stability.
79
Collider Activity Center concept :
architects Ignacio Gias, Jesús Lorenzo Garvín, and Ana Vida (Fissure Team), designed the building of the Collider Activity Center to appear as a flow connector in the territory. In doing so, they create a transition from the urban to nature, from the stability to the unpredictable, from colonized to wild territories. It is broken by an organic geometry, by the adventure, by the representation of the natural world, that cuts the building and makes the users ‘break it, break it through, to the other side’ as a door to adventure.
80 References :
http://www.archdaily.com/352702/collider-activity-center-competition-entry-ignacio-gias-jes-s-lorenzo-garv-n-ana-vida
Zoning and Plans :
Ground Floor Plan
In architectural terms, the building’s central space, the soul, is the climbing area. The building functions around the central core. This climbing area is also the exterior image of the project and consists of a 19 m high wall, which is naturally lit by the glass facade. 81
Collider Activity Center Ground Floor Plan
The climbing area divides the building in two. The west side contains the public programs, such as Spa, Fitness, Funtopia, Coffee shop or the multifuntional Hall. The other side, the east, houses the daily functions, such as offices, parking and restaurant. All the programs have permanent visual connections to the climbing hall across the climbing wall.
82 References :
http://www.archdaily.com/352702/collider-activity-center-competition-entry-ignacio-gias-jes-s-lorenzo-garv-n-ana-vida
Elevation and Section:
83
Collider Activity Center
The exterior skin is a prefabricated metal that allows natural light to filter into the building. In order control the luminosity, a vertical garden its placed between the skin and the building. The vegetation acts as natural shading to various parts of the building.
84 References :
http://www.archdaily.com/352702/collider-activity-center-competition-entry-ignacio-gias-jes-s-lorenzo-garv-n-ana-vida
Conclusion : - Find out what is the adventures center and activities that occur inside and visitors who come to him. - Knowledge of the functions and activities and relationship area and spaces with each other. - How to form the exterior of the building with its surroundings and local environmental benefit from this building. - How to borrow designer forms of mountaineers climbing in the formation of a space. - How to deal with the interface designers commensurate with the region and modern architecture.
85
Six Senses Spa- Evason Main
Client: G.P. Holding Category: Health Care Status: Built City: Madaba / Hammat Main Date: May, 2008
86
Site Plan
87
Six Senses Spa
The following figure represents the distribution of spaces in the building and its size, where we note dominationl of the pool is as a major start point to the rest of the building. While the rest of the spa function distributed about these Pool that are larger than the rest of function . The response to the majestic site of Ma’en was through respecting the original mountainous surrounding by connecting the building to the existing natural hot waterfall whereby the building becomes part of the mountain and at the same time echoes its history through the implementation of domes and vaults that blends with the surroundings. The building was awarded as the best environmental friendly building in Jordan for 2008.
88
Exterior Shots :
89
Six Senses Spa Interior Shots
90
Conclusion : - How the designer deal with the site, especially as it is located in a natural environment containing water falls. - How the designer use local materials in the construction of the building, such as stone and others. - Knowledge of the internal spaces and therapeutic center, which consists of functions and their relationship with each other. - Need to know every room need of light and their own furnishings. - How to use the pond as a major center of the building and released him to the rest of the rooms.
91
Chalets
The Eco-Village Resort
These very attractive domed ‘Mandarah’ are simple but beautifully designed using local limestone. They have been built on the side of the wadi (valley), overlooking the sea. Traditional domed and vaulted desert architecture and thick stone walls keep the rooms cool. Each bungalow has its own terrace with views of the sea. - Twin beds - Stunning Red Sea views - Private sun terrace (drying facilities) - 3.5 x 3.5m
92 References :
http://www.dolphinswims.co.uk/accommodation/the-eco-village-resort/ madyafah-en-suite-chalets/
The Mandarahs are located behind the domed tents on the side of the wadi (valley) overlooking the bay. The huts are furnished with 2 beds with sheets, blankets and a pillow each. There is a bedside table with lamp and a wardrobe. The Mandarahs are 3.5 x 3.5m with domed roofs and windows. This desert styled architecture is very effective and they stay cool enough without requiring air-conditioning.
93
Chalets
Built in attractive Arabic style the dome roofed en-suite chalets are very spacious with twin beds, wardrobes, and private sun terraces at the front and back with sea and desert mountain views. Full en-suite facilities Twin beds and wardrobe Stunning Red Sea and desert mountain views Private sun terrace front and back (drying facilities) Bathroom Towels provided 24 m² room Electric fan in all,
94 References :
http://www.dolphinswims.co.uk/accommodation/the-eco-village-resort/ madyafah-en-suite-chalets/
The Madyafah is a 24m² stone building. This desert style architecture is very effective and stays cool enough without requiring air-conditioning. In addition, there are two terraces with bamboo chairs. One of the terraces has a mountain view while the other one is facing the sea. The chalets have their own bathroom facilities, they are furnished with a roof fan, two beds, wardrobe, side table and dressing table with a mirror.
95
Chalets
96 References :
http://www.dolphinswims.co.uk/accommodation/the-eco-village-resort/ madyafah-en-suite-chalets/
Conclusion : - Know the chalet components and the approximate area. - How to distribute the chalets and their relationship with the public site. - Relationship chalet with sea beach . - How to use the chalet in the best possible way to serve tourists and keep the rest. - Know the interior furnishings and how to use them.
97
Teleferique
Cable Car Station Funivia Inigna
building type: traffic buildings, landscape, building access, viewing tower/platform support structure construction: mixed construction support structure material: reinforced concrete, steel/aluminium facade material: concrete, metal, fair-faced concrete, steel topic: circulation areas, prefabrication / modular systems,
98 References :
http://www.adgnews.com/cable-car-station-funivia-inigna/gallery
99
Teleferique
100 References :
http://www.adgnews.com/cable-car-station-funivia-inigna/gallery
The present Ifing cable-car system near MerÂano links skiing and walking areas with the Nova Valley and replaces a former lift dating from 1968. Two separate competitions were held – for the upper and lower stations. Both were won by the Roland Baldi practice, so that the complexes are similar in appearance. Above flat, exposed-concrete plinth structures rise red, expanded-metal cubes that protect the mechanical installations from the weather. The former station at the top was completely demolished and the new one erected 12 m away. The plinth structure, laid out across the slope, houses machinery and technical installations. On top of this and at right angles to it is a volume that contains the cable apparatus and access to the platforms. Housed in a further tract are a ski store and staff rooms and above this a space for children’s activities, a bistro and a large sun terrace.
101
Teleferique
102 References :
http://www.adgnews.com/cable-car-station-funivia-inigna/gallery
Conclusion : Knowledge of the workings of the cable car and its mode of operation and spaces associated with it. - Know your Alstrkosher the cable cars and on what carries. - Know the required angle to the work of the cable car and whether dangerous or not. - Relationship with both sides of the cable car to each other and their relationship to the design as well. - Know the space needed by the cable cars in general.
103
Problem Identification
104 References :
105
Total Area Diagram
1.1- Wadi Mujib Visitors Center
34 %
1.2- Adventure Center
28 %
2.1- Treatment Center
18 %
2.2- Accomodation Facilities
20 %
Program Area :
106
Percentage Diagram :
Wadi Mujib Visitors Center
Treatment Center
Adventure Center
Accomodation Facilities
Bubble Diagram :
107
Design Standard Fixed grip chairlifts :
1- Compact terminal double/quad chairlift : fixed-grip chairlifts for double or quad chairs. The entire terminal is pre-assembled and tested at our factory in Germany. Onsite, the compact design reduces assembly time considerably. Furthermore, the return terminal has a minimal footprint – a major advantage in steep slopes. Technical specifications :
The design and mode of operation of detachable bicable aerial ropeways are as described in Figure :
108
Fixed grip chairlifts :
2- Sheave trains : Our wide range of sheave trains respond to all load situations. They are available in numerous configurations: support, compression, and support-compression. Our assembly system enables adjustment in all directions. Technical specifications :
Climbing Standard :
109
Design Standard Climbing Standard :
110
Spa Standard :
111
Design Standard Chalets Standard :
112
Restaurant and Cafe Standard :
113
Program Area And Matrix Visitors Center Program :
114
Visitors Center Program :
Adventure Center Program :
115
Program Area Treatment Center Program :
Accomodation Facilities Program :
116
Matrix :
Matrix :
117
Percentage Diagram Visitors Center :
Teleferique
Services for Mujib Trips
Lobby
Research Center
Tourism Police
Public Space
Administration / Services
Treatment Center :
Bazzar
118
Spa
Adventure Center :
Outdoor Activity
Indoor Activity
Accomodation Facilities :
chalets
Teleferique
Restaurant
Administration
Shop
119
Bubble Diagram Visitors Center :
Treatment Center :
120
Adventure Center :
Accomodation Facilities :
121
Program Conclusion Total Area Conclusion :
Spaces Needes :
122
Spaces Needes :
123
Program Conclusion Spaces Needes :
124
Horizontal Zoning Diagram :
Vertical Zoning Diagram :
125
Problem Identification
126 References :
127
Site Description Jordan Tourism Map :
Wadi Mujib Reserve Area
128
Madaba / Dead Sea Map : Archaeologists have identiďŹ ed Wadi Mujib as a human habitation site since the Copper Age (4500-3200 BCE). During biblical times, the Mujib River served as a major geographical and political boundary between the kingdoms of Moab and Ammon. Once a busy commercial area for salt and oil, villagers now depend on farming for their livelihoods. Established in 1985, the Mujib Biosphere Reserve covers an area of 212km2 bordering the Dead Sea at lower than 416 meters below sea level, which makes it the lowest reserve on Earth. It serves as an internationally recognized staging ground for migratory birds such as White Storks and Levant Sparrows.
Mujib Dam
Mujib Lane
Panorama of Mujib Reserve
129
Site Description History Of Mujib Reserve :
1987
1989
2000
Mujib Bisphere Reserve Was Established
The Ibex captive breeding program was initiated
Mujib Bridge Was Developed
2006
2008
2011
The big flood happen that has affected on the area
Al-Mujib Visitors Center Was Established
From a Nature ta a Biosphere Reserve
130
Nearby Sites - Attraction Points : 1- Mukawer : (15 km northeast) was the royal fortress of Herod the Great and the site where John the Baptist was beheaded .
2- The Dead Sea Panoramic Comple : A short drive from the Mujib Biosphere Reserve Visitor Center, the Dead Sea Panoramic Complex consists of the Dead Sea Museum, scenic lookouts, restaurant, and conference facilities.
3- The hot springs of Hammamat Ma’in : The Tourism district in Jordan is expected to be one of the most prosperous universal districts in the next 2 decades.
4- Mount Nebo :
(50 km north) is the site where Moses viewed the Holy Land of Canaan . Also a small Byzantine Church was built there by early Christians. From Mount Nebo, you can see the Dead Sea, Jericho, and the distant hills of Jerusalem .
5- The Baptism Site :
(50 km northwest) commemorates the baptism of Jesus by his cousin, John the Baptist. Archaeological evidence from the 1st century AD show that this site was inhabited and used during the time of Jesus and John the Baptist.
131
Site Description Accessibility : Wadi Mujib located in the mountainous landscape to the east of the Dead Sea, approximately 90 km south of Amman. From Amman, the trip to Mujib Biosphere Reserve takes approximately 1.5 hours.
And from Amman , Madaba , The trip takes approximately 1.30 hours about 83.5 km West from Madaba .
And from Karak , The trip takes approximately 54 Minutes about 60.9 Km North of Karak.
132
Mujib Biosphere Reserve :
The Mujib reserve in Wadi Al Mujib consists of mountainous, rocky, and sparsely vegetated desert (up to 800 m), with cliffs, gorges and deep wadis cutting through plateaus. Perennial, spring-fed streams flow down the wadis to the shores of the Dead Sea which lies 400 m below sea-level.The slopes of the mountainous land are very sparsely vegetated, with asteppe-type vegetation on plateaus. Groundwater seepage does occur in places along the Dead Sea shore, for example at the hot springs of Zara, which support a luxuriant thicket of Acacia, Tamarix, Phoenix and Nerium, and a small marsh. The less severe slopes of the reserve are used by pastoralists for the grazing of sheep and goats.That as Mujib Valley water comes from two sources: 80% of the Mujib dam , which is located in Madaba, and 20% water coming from the Valley Hivan.
133
Maps Soild And Void Map :
Scale 1/10000
N
Vegetation Map :
Scale 1/10000
134
N
Sun And Wind Map :
Scale 1/10000
N
Site (1) Area :
Scale 1/5000
N
135
Maps Site (1) Slop And Drainage :
Scale 1/5000
N
Site (1) Streets, Noise :
Scale 1/5000
136
N
Site (2) Area :
Scale 1/5000
N
Scale 1/5000
N
Site (2) Slop And Drainage :
137
Analysis Soild And Void Analysis :
2- Mujib Security Checkpoint with a Police Center 3- Wadi Mujib Visitors Center And Mujib Bridge
138
1- Buildings subsidiary of water authority in order to pump water to amman . The Wadi Zara–Ma’in and Mujib Project for Water Treatment and Conveyance involves taking water from Wadi Ma’in Zara and the Mujib Valleys, subjecting the combined flows to treatment (including desalination and conveying of the treated water thru 6 pumping stations and reservoirs to the existing National Park Pump Station Site in Southern Amman).
139
Analysis Vegetation Analysis :
4- A Farm affiliated to Jordanian Royal Court contain a lot of Plam Tree and some of the Manga Tree .
Plam Tree
140
Manga Tree
Noise Solution :
- Planting bushes and trees in and around sound generating sources is an effective solution for noise pollution . - Buildings can be designed with suitable noise absorbing material for the wall , windows , and ceilings .
Drainage Solution :
And finally the 3rd common form of tidal power is using tidal lagoons. These are similar to a tidal barrage, but are cheaper to build and have lower environmental impacts. It just sits off of the sea. They rest works just like the barrage, just with a little bit less power being generated.
141
Analysis Sun And Wind Analysis :
The following figure shows the movement of the sun in summer and winter, and different angle in both seasons and the effect of the sun on the site.
Sun Solution :
142
Wind Solution :
Humidity :
143
Analysis Sun Path:
The solar altitude, and the solar azimuth, can be read directly for any date of the year and any hour of the day from the solar charts or sun path diagrams. There are several methods of projection for reprsenting the sun�s apparent movement two dimensionally but the “stereographic� method described here is generally used 144
Annual Wind Rose ( Speed Distribution) :
Annual Wind Rose ( Frequency Distribution) :
145
Analysis Monthly Wind Rose :
146
Annual Temperature Bins :
Diurnal Weather Averages :
147
Analysis Views Map :
1 148
2
3
4
5
6 149
Analysis Views Map :
7 150
8
9
10
11
12 151
Analysis Site (1) Section :
Site Section A-A :
Site Section B-B :
152
Site (2) Section :
153
Shots Render Site Render :
154
Site (1) Render :
155
Shots Render Site (1) Render :
Site (2) Render :
156
Site (2) Render :
157
Problem Identification
158 References :
159
Conclusion Photo Render :
160
Zoning Master plan Map :
The following map shows the distribution of spaces on the general site and how to connect between the two sites by Teleferique . and describes the proposed master plan that show catches water and re-open the street that connects the Wadi mujib with the Dead Sea. Where it has been added five catches water to reduce the risk of flooding that often gets in the winter and to mitigate its effects on the surrounding areas. As an opposite photo render show the teleferique and how it works, and that process , and it will be an adventure to move from the Wadi mujib area to the Dead Sea area.
161
Conclusion Zoning Site (1) Map :
162
Why building at this location ? 1. longitudinal distance to take advantage of the mountains inside the building at adventures center . 2. connect the building in the old visitor center for processing of tourists to an adventures trip inside Mujib Valley . 3. The appropriate high of mountain in this region in order to Teleferique as the mountain high there are 50 m and this is the appropriate height . 4. In Passive Design : Focus on the western facade in order to daylight and natural air ventilation and reducing the interface of northern facade .
Site (1) Description Site (1) located near the wadi mujib area , that have the old visitors center and the tourism go trips from there . The site also have a big rock mountain that high above 50 M and have a small slop in the other hand the site area is approximately 22000 M2 .
163
Conclusion Zoning Site (1) Map :
164
Zoning Site (1) Diagram :
1
The Entrance and Lobby Area . Where the adventurer waking in a lobby and flow the space until it reaches to gathering area .
2
The wadi mujib seq area as a starting point for an adventurous feeling throughout an escorted path of excitement.
3
Car Cable area , Where the adventurer off on a trip to the corresponding area near the dead sea .
4
Adventure Center area , where can tourist enjoying by climbing the rock in the mountain and also the artificial wall .
5
Research Center Area and Public spaces that contain the shops , cafe and restaurant that help the tourism enjoying in the building .
6
General Distribution
165
Conclusion Photo Render :
166
Photo Render :
167
Conclusion Zoning Site (2) Map :
Site (2) Description
Site (2) located near the Dead sea beach and have a siq that the water from wadi mujib drop off in the sea . The site have a nice view especially when the sunset , and have a salt need to treatment from many virus . the area of site is 30000 M2 and have a small slop also .
168
Zoning Site (2) Diagram :
1
Car Cable area , Where the adventurer off on a trip to the corresponding area near the Wadi mujib area .
2
Here, the bridge that connect the car cable area with the administration and service area .
3
The Spa area , Where the tourism can enjoying in the sun and salt from dead sea to treatment himself .
4
Public spaces that contain the shops , cafe and restaurant that help the tourism enjoying in the beach and the sea .
5
Chalets area , Where can the tourism go off to sleep there, and get some relaxing in it .
6
General Distribution
169
Conclusion Photo Render :
170
Photo Render :
171
Problem Identification
172 References :
173
Problem Identification
174 References :
175
Problem Identification
176 References :
177
Problem Identification
178 References :
179
Problem Identification
180 References :
181
Al-Mujib Tourism Center Applied Science University Architecture Engineering Graduation Project
Done By : Esam Turkmani 2011114540 Supervisor : Dr. Ala Gammoh