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WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA

JANUARY 2007 This publication was produced by Development Alternatives, Inc. for the United States Agency for International Development under Contract No. 497-M-00-05-00005-00

Photo Credit: ESP NAD .

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA

Title:

Water Quality Monitoring And Hydrochemical Loading Study Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Program, activity, or project number: DAI Project Number: 5300201.

Environmental Services Program,

Strategic objective number:

SO No. 2, Higher Quality Basic Human Services Utilized (BHS).

Sponsoring USAID office and contract number: 497-M-00-05-00005-00.

USAID/Indonesia,

Contractor name:

DAI.

Date of publication:

January 2007

TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................................... II LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................III LIST OF ACRONYMS ..............................................................................................................IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...........................................................................................................V 1.

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1

BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................. 2

HYDROLOGIC OVERVIEW............................................................................................. 6 3.1. 3.2.

KRUENG ACEH ..........................................................................................................................................6 KRUENG MEUREUBO .............................................................................................................................. 15

STUDY METHODOLOGIES .......................................................................................... 18

RESULTS........................................................................................................................... 23 5.1. 5.2.

FIELD RESULTS......................................................................................................................................... 23 LABORATORY ANALYSES ....................................................................................................................... 27

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS........................................................................................... 29 6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 6.4.

DATA EVALUATION ............................................................................................................................... 29 MAIN STEM KRUENG ACEH AND ITS TRIBUTARIES.............................................................................. 31 GROUNDWATER AND SPRINGS IN THE VICINITY OF BANDA ACEH ................................................. 44 KRUENG MEUREUBO AND MEULABOH ................................................................................................ 47

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................... 51

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................... 53

APPENDICES ................................................................................................................... 55 APPENDIX A SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN .................................................................................... 56 APPENDIX B FIELD MANUAL FOR THE COLLECTION OF WATER SAMPLES............................ 90 APPENDIX C LABORATORY ANALYTICAL METHODS .................................................................... 113 APPENDIX D FLOW MEASUREMENTS.................................................................................................... 118 APPENDIX E LABORATORY ANALYSES................................................................................................. 132 APPENDIX F SPRING PROTECTION POWERPOINT.......................................................................... 161

LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1-1: MAIN STEM OF KRUENG ACEH ...............................................................................................................1 FIGURE 3-2 : ACEH WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AREAS (IWACO, 1993) .................................................6 FIGURE 3-3: KRUENG ACEH SUB-WATERSHEDS (CZEKANSKI ET AL, 2006) ...........................................................8 FIGURE 3-4: AVERAGE MONTHLY PRECIPITATION - BANDA ACEH (1879 - 1984) ................................................9 FIGURE 3-5: KRUENG ACEH HYDROGRAPH AT LAMPISANG/TUNONG - YEAR 2000 ............................................9 FIGURE 3-6: HYDROGEOLOGIC MAP OF NORTHERN ACEH.................................................................................. 11 FIGURE 3-7 : GENERALIZED HYDROGEOLOGIC COLUMN (IWACO, 1993)....................................................... 12 FIGURE 3-8: GENERALIZED CROSS-SECTION OF THE KRUENG ACEH VALLEY (FARR, J.L. AND DJAENI, A., 1975)................................................................................................................................................................. 13 FIGURE 3-9: MEULABOH HYDROGEOLOGY (CAMERON ET AL, 1983).................................................................. 17 FIGURE 4-1: WATER QUALITY AND QUANTITY MONITORING LOCATIONS - KRUENG ACEH AND VICINITY AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2006............................................................................................................................... 19 FIGURE 4-2: FLOW GAUGING ................................................................................................................................... 21 FIGURE 4-3: FIELD SAMPLING .................................................................................................................................... 21 FIGURE 4-4: FILTERING SAMPLES ............................................................................................................................... 22 FIGURE 4-5: PREPARING SAMPLES TO BE SENT TO THE LABORATORY................................................................... 22 FIGURE 5-1: TYPICAL PROFILE AND FLOW VELOCITY SECTIONS .......................................................................... 24 FIGURE 5-2: PHOTOGRAPH OF KRUENG AGAM SECTION ..................................................................................... 24 FIGURE 6-2: TYPICAL STIFF DIAGRAM ...................................................................................................................... 32 FIGURE 6-2: STIFF DIAGRAMS CHARACTERIZING WATERS IN THE KRUENG ACEH SYSTEM ............................... 32 FIGURE 6-3: DISSOLVED SOLIDS IN THE KRUENG ACEH SYSTEM ........................................................................... 33 FIGURE 6-4: DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN THE KRUENG ACEH SYSTEM ....................................................................... 33 FIGURE 6-5: NUTRIENTS IN THE KRUENG ACEH SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 35 FIGURE 6-6: TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN THE KRUENG ACEH SYSTEM ............................................................. 36 FIGURE 6-7: TURBIDITY IN THE ACEH RIVER SYSTEM .............................................................................................. 37 FIGURE 6-8: RELATIONAL TRENDS OF FRESH WATER FISH ACTIVITY TO TURBIDITY VALUES AND TIME (WATERACTION VOLUNTEERS, 2003) .......................................................................................................... 37 FIGURE 6-9: BOD AND COD IN THE ACEH RIVER SYSTEM .................................................................................. 38 FIGURE 6-10: DISSOLVED IRON IN THE KRUENG ACEH SYSTEM............................................................................ 39 FIGURE 6-11: TOTAL AND FECAL COLIFORMS IN THE KRUENG ACEH SYSTEM ................................................... 40 FIGURE 6-12: LINE DIAGRAM - KRUENG ACEH FLOWS (AUGUST - SEPTEMBER, 2006)...................................... 41 FIGURE 6-13: SUSPENDED SOLID, BOD5, AND COD LOADING INTO THE KRUENG ACEH SYSTEM ............... 42 FIGURE 6-14: NUTRIENT LOADING INTO THE KRUENG ACEH SYSTEM ................................................................ 42 FIGURE 6-15: SELECTED MINERAL LOADINGS INTO THE KRUENG ACEH SYSTEM ............................................... 43 FIGURE 6-16: DISSOLVED SOLID LOADING INTO THE KRUENG ACEH SYSTEM ................................................... 43 FIGURE 6-17: GROUNDWATER STIFF DIAGRAMS - BANDA ACEH REGION .......................................................... 45 FIGURE 6-18: STIFF DIAGRAMS FOR BANDA ACEH SPRINGS AND WEST COAST RIVER HEADWATERS ............ 46 FIGURE 6-19: WATER QUALITY SAMPLING - KRUENG MEUREUBO....................................................................... 49 FIGURE 6-20 : KRUENG MEUREUBO FIELD PARAMETER TRENDS .......................................................................... 50

LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2-1: INDONESIA WATER QUALITY LEGISLATION (WORLD BANK, 2003)...................................................5 TABLE 3-1: KRUENG ACEH CHARACTERISTICS ..........................................................................................................7 TABLE 3-2: KRUENG ACEH SUB-WATERSHED AREAS (CZEKANSKI ET AL,2006) ...................................................7 TABLE 3-3: KRUENG ACEH FLOW CHARACTERISTICS ..............................................................................................8 TABLE 3-4: CHARACTERISTICS OF WELLS COMPLETED IN THE KRUENG ACEH BASIN (IWACO, 1993) ........ 14 TABLE 3-5: CHARACTERISTICS OF KRUENG MEUREUBO ........................................................................................ 15 TABLE 4-1: MONITORING LOCATION CHECKLIST – KRUENG ACEH AND VICINITY, AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 2006 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 20 TABLE 5-1: GROUNDWATER FIELD ANALYSES ........................................................................................................ 23 TABLE 5-2: SURFACE WATER FIELD ANALYSES – KRUENG ACEH AND VICINITY – AUGUST – SEPT. 2006 ...... 23 TABLE 5-3: SURFACE WATER FLOW MEASUREMENT SUMMARY - KRUENG ACEH AUGUST-SEPTEMBER, 2006 23 TABLE 5-4: MEULABOH GROUNDWATER FIELD MEASUREMENTS ......................................................................... 25 TABLE 5-5: KRUENG MEULABOH FIELD SURVEY ..................................................................................................... 25 TABLE 5-6: KRUENG MEULABOH FIELD PARAMETER SUMMARY ............................................................................ 26 TABLE 5-7: KRUENG ACEH– SURFACE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY – AUGUST – SEPTEMBER, 2006 ............... 27 TABLE 6-1: INDONESIAN WATER QUALITY STANDARDS ...................................................................................... 30 TABLE 6-2: LOCATIONS ON THE MAIN STEM OF THE KRUENG ACEH AND ITS TRIBUTARIES WHERE CONCENTRATIONS EXCEED INDONESIAN STANDARDS .............................................................................. 34 TABLE 6-3 : BOD LEVELS AND POLLUTION (WIKIPEDIA, 2006)........................................................................... 38 TABLE 6-4: PARAMETERS WHICH EXCEED GOI STDS. IN GROUNDWATER, SPRINGS AND HEADWATER SAMPLES IN THE BANDA ACEH REGION ......................................................................................................... 47 TABLE 6-5: MEULABOH GROUNDWATER QUALITY SUMMARY BASED ON CRS (2006) DATABASE.................. 48 TABLE 6-6: KRUENG MEUREUBO SURVEY STATISTICS ............................................................................................ 50

LIST OF ACRONYMS BAPEDALDA BGR BMG CRS ESP FAO FDEM. GIS g/L GOI GTZ. IRC IRD LOE m.a.m.s.l. mbgs mg/L meq/L S/cm NGO NTU OXFAM PDAM ppb ppm ppt SDC USAID UN HIC UNICEF USTDA WATSAN WHO WRDA

Office of the Environment Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources) Badan Meteorologi & Geofisika Catholic Relief Services Environmental Services Program Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Frequency Domain Electromagnetics Geographical Information System Grams per liter Government of Indonesia Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (German Development Agency) International Relief Committee International Relief and Development Level of Effort Meters above mean sea level Meters below ground surface Milligrams per liter Milliequivalents per liter Micro Siemens per cetermeter Non-Governmental Organization Nephelometric turbidity unit Oxfam International Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Parts per billion Parts per million Parts per thousand Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation United States Agency for International Development United Nations Humanitarian Information Centre (HIC) United Nations Children's Fund United States Trade Development Agency Water and Sanitation World Health Organization Water Resource Development Areas

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The following report is based on data review and field investigation for the USAID funded Environmental Services Program (ESP) in Banda Aceh, Indonesia by and Phillip Brown and Asep Mulyana between 20 August and 14 September 2006. The objective of this work was based on concepts developed during a 2005 Scoping Study for ESP-Banda Aceh. The results presented in this report address CONCEPT 2: WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT HYDROCHEMICAL EVALUATION PROGRAM. One of the main premises of this concept was to develop of a total chemical loading model for the main stream of Kr Aceh. This report presents the design, methodologies used, and results of this study. In performing this study, a detailed Sampling and Analysis Plan as well as a Field Manual were developed. Flow measurements were also taken at springs and at various locations on the main stream of the Krueng Aceh as well as on its tributaries. In addition, groundwater and surface water samples were also taken in the Meulaboh area as part of a training exercise for water professionals. As part of this study, over 20 samples were analyzed for a comprehensive set of analytes. These included: •

•

Field parameters including pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), specific conductance, salinity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, and temperature. When evaluated spatially, these parameters indicate changes in quality of surface water and groundwater as water moves downstream or in an aquifer. These parameters also give an immediate indication of pollution entering a system. Major cations and anions. Cations include sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium. Anions consist of chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, and carbonate. Evaluation of these aid in understanding how water changes as it moves through or over rocks from which it receives minerals. Nutrients including nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and phosphate. These are indicators of pollution from agricultural, municipal, and domestic sources such as fertilizers, feed lots, and waste discharge. Oxygen demanding substances such as oil and grease, surfactants, and phenols. These are generally indicated using analysis for biological oxygen demand (BOD) which indicated depletion in oxygen over a five day period by bacteria and chemical oxygen demand (COD) which includes both biologic and chemical demand for oxygen. Each of these parameters is an indicator of pollution. Trace metals such as arsenic, iron, and others. These come from both natural and manmade source. High concentrations of any these in water may pose a risk to people and the environment.

Basic conclusions on the overall water quality of surface water and groundwater in the Aceh and Meulaboh regions include: 1. Overall the water quality of the Krueng Aceh is relatively good, however, sections can be considered moderately to fairly polluted due to the presence of organic material. 2. Water quality deteriorates from the upper part of the watershed to its outlet to sea. 3. Salt water incursion strongly affects water quality in the Krueng Aceh down stream form the Banda Aceh freshwater intake dam.

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA

4. Samples taken from each station exceed Indonesian Class I and/or Class II standards in one or more of the following BOD5, COD, total phosphate, ammonia, dissolved iron, dissolved zinc, chloride, and total/fecal coliforms. 5. Phosphate exceeds standards in all samples with the highest values found at the top of the watershed. This is an indicator that phosphate fertilizer is used in high quantities in these areas.. 6. Krueng Keumireu at its confluence with Krueng Aceh has the highest BOD5 of all stations. 7. Chloride concentrations increase towards the mouth of the river. 8. Loading of nutrients, BOD, COD, and dissolved solids occurs from Krueng Jreue, Krueng Keumireu, and most notably from Krueng Inong. 9. Sand and gravel operations in the river adversely affect the overall quality of the water. Downstream from the operation total suspended solids and turbidity increase markedly exceeding standards. 10. From its headwaters to it’s mouth, the Krueng Aceh becomes depleted of dissolved oxygen ranging from over saturated to around 40% saturation. 11. Well samples taken in both Aceh and Meulaboh reflect are more polluted with nutrients than surface waters samples. This is most likely due contamination from human waste. 12. Pesticides and semi-volatile compounds were not detected in any sample. 13. Bacterial contamination of Mata Ie springs is a major concern. High fecal and total coliform counts indicate that there is a need for a spring protection program. 14. Groundwater samples in the Meulaboh region indicated a high degree of nitrate contamination most likely from septic systems. In addition, groundwater samples analyzed by Catholic Relief Services indicate that of the over 600 samples taken 35 exceed Indonesia drinking Class I drinking water sample of 0.05 mg/L. These samples range between from non detect to 101 mg/L. Samples with dissolved arsenic are believed from a moderately deep aquifer (approximately 150 meter below ground surface). This was the maximum depth to which a drill rig provided for tsunami relief could drill. This zone is most likely consists of sediments deposited in a reducing environment which enhance the release of arsenic into the environment. In designing water supply wells it is important to avoid this zone. 15. Although not specifically mentioned in the text, based on the results of the duplicate sample analysis and internal consistency evaluation, the performance of the laboratory is judged to be substandard. Normally, the total of cations and anions in equivalents/liter should be within 5%. Only one analysis was considered acceptable in this regard. As requested the laboratory did not analyze for sodium which is consider very important. For the duplicate sample, analyses of several parameters were not within acceptable range. Another concern is the pervasive extent of phosphate contamination in each of the samples analyzed. This is questionable on several counts and could indicate contamination is occurring in the laboratory perhaps (although not certain) due the use of phosphate detergent in laboratory. Based on the results of this study, recommendations include: 1. Developing programs in sub-watershed Krueng Inong and Krueng Keumireu to reduce BOD5, COD, and bacteria loading. Working with communities on a small scale, sources of these contaminants could be identified and measures taken to reduce contamination to the river could be accomplished in a timely manner. Such a program could also reduce the occurrence of diarrhorea in children. 2. On a pilot basis, implement a spring protection program for Mata Le spring. Based on materials developed by ESP-Central Java and other locations this may be an ideal ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA

location. Appendix F presents a brief summary of spring protection methodologies that could be employed in Aceh Province. Results could be measured in terms of water quality improvement. 3. Working with the local governments and other donors such as Germany develop a proactive method to move sand and gravel operations away from the Krueng Aceh river bottom. Although relocating these operations in the flood plain would solve the problem it will at least improve water quality in the river during low flow. Such a program would improve the operation of the water treatment plants downstream by removing reducing the potential to clog intakes with sediment. 4. The above study merely presented a snapshot of the Krueng Aceh and Krueng Meureubo systems. The samples were taken between a period of low flow and high flow. Water quality analyses make the results somewhat questionable. To get a clearer picture, it is recommended that such a survey be taken on a periodic basis during high flow and low flow. These results can then be compared and conclusions can be drawn on how best to protect the watershed by modifying land use. A digital terrain model and ArcHydro model have been produced for the Krueng Aceh watershed by the U. of Texas. Details of this study are presented in Czekanski et al (2006). This study provides a good basis for numerically evaluating the watershed over time. As changes occur in the watershed due to mining, logging, or urbanization, changes will occur not only in water chemistry but also the flow regime of the river. It is recommended that work continue in modeling the river and what-if scenarios are developed to determine the impacts of changes in the watershed.

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VII

1. INTRODUCTION The following report is based on data review and field investigation for the USAID funded Environmental Services Program (ESP) in Banda Aceh, Indonesia by Phillip Brown and Asep Mulyana between 20 August and 14 September 2006. The objective of this work was based on concepts developed during a 2005 Scoping Study for ESP-Banda Aceh. The results presented in this report address CONCEPT 2: WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT HYDROCHEMICAL EVALUATION Figure 1-1: Main Stem of Krueng Aceh PROGRAM. One of the main premises of this concept was to develop of a total chemical loading model for the main stream of Kr Aceh. This report presents the design, methodologies used, and results of this study. Conclusions are drawn on the overall water quality of surface water and groundwater in the watershed from the highlands to Krueng Aceh’s outlet to the sea as well as the effect of land use has on the hydrochemical characteristics of the river and shallow groundwater. Recommendations are made as to how this information could be used to assist BAPEDALDA, PDAM, BPDAS, and others in making informed decisions on water quality based on loading (flow and quality) rather than just quality. In addition, as part of this field program, a site visit was made to Meulaboh. The main purpose of this visit was to train local professionals on proper water quality sampling methods and to meet with other agencies to review water quality data for the region. Towards this end, demonstrations on groundwater sampling took place and a survey was undertaken of the Krueng Meulaboh. Groundwater quality data collected in numerous villages in the region was also reviewed. This report is divided into six sections described as follows: 1. The first section provides background on the USAID Environmental Services Project and how a water quality monitoring program fits into the overall goals of the project. Previous work on earlier site visits is also summarized. 2. The second provides an overview of the hydrology and hydrogeology of the Krueng Aceh and Meulaboh Regions and places into perspective Indonesian water quality policy and laws in regulating these watersheds. 3. The next section describes in detail methodologies used for the loading study in terms of measurement of field parameters, sample collections, preservation, labeling, shipment and analysis. 4. The forth section presents of the results of the study. 5. The fifth provides a discussion of results. 6. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are made. In addition, a comprehensive reference section is provided.

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA

2. BACKGROUND Understanding the impact of various land uses on water quality in watersheds is very important aspect of USAID-ESP in Indonesia. In addition within ESP, programs have been developed to reduce incidences of diarrhea and other diseases associated with contaminated water. USAID-ESP has been involved with establishment of clean water resources in Aceh since the beginning of 2005 as part of an internationally supported program to reconstruct the Aceh Province in the aftermath of the tsunami which struck the northern and western coasts in December 2004. The following presents a brief overview of ESP’s program to date in the areas of water resource evaluation and placing this program in perspective of Indonesian policies toward developing clean water for the people in Aceh. After the tsunami, there were serious concerns regarding the quality and quantity of water supplies in the tsunami-affected areas. The direct affect of the tsunami as well as over pumping of shallow wells for water supply in that region has caused saltwater intrusion. This in turn has created an increased demand for both unaffected shallow and deep wells, penetrating aquifers on which we have very little information as to location, extent, quantities or recharge rates. To place perspective of these problems, USAID-ESP performed a Scoping Study to evaluate the current situation, to define the current knowledge base, to examine how existing and projected activities are going to impact groundwaters in the region, and to determine needs to be done to perform a complete hydrological/ hydrogeological study for the affected watersheds in the region. The result of the Scoping Study was the development of six concepts. These concepts and their current status are described as follows:

ESP The Environmental Services Program (ESP) is a fifty-eight month program funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented under the leadership of Development Alternatives, Inc. (DAI). ESP works with government, private sector, NGOs, community groups and other stakeholders to improve the management of water resources and broaden the distribution of safe water to urban dwellers by strengthening watershed management and delivery of key environmental services, including clean water, sanitation and solid waste management in Indonesia. The period of the project is from December 2004 through September 2009. ESP activities are focused on six High Priority Provinces: Aceh, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, East Java, West Java and DKI Jakarta. ESP also supports a limited set of activities in four Special Concern Imperative Areas: Balikpapan, Manado, Manokwari and Jayapura.

CONCEPT 1: HYDROMET MONITORING PROGRAM. This program would involve the development of a hydromet monitoring program. A pilot program which would involve the establishment of automated weather stations would be established at various locations in the Krueng Aceh watershed and on the West Coast. It is anticipated that this program would initiate a region wide hydromet monitoring network. In addition, the program would assist in assessment of the environmental impacts of the USAID funded road, deforestation on the west coast and the foot bridge may divert foot traffic away from the highway. To date, six stations have been installed and data on wind direction, barometric pressure, rain fall, and others are currently being collected. CONCEPT 2: WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT - HYDROCHEMICAL EVALUATION PROGRAM. This concept would consist of a total chemical loading study for the main stem of Kr Aceh. The program would be designed to evaluate the water quality in the watershed from source to fresh water intake or further down stream to tsunami affected area. It would ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA

used to determine the effect of land use on water quality and would assist BAPEDALDA, PDAM, BPDAS, and others in making informed decisions on water quality based on loading (flow and quality) whether than just quality. By sampling wells, it would also serve for ground truthing of the BGR EM survey. Ultimately, it will develop a loading model for the watershed and provide input into a basin wide GIS. The program has been completed and the results are presented in this report. CONCEPT 3: WATER BALANCE AND WATER SUPPLY. This program would apply water management concepts to small water supply system. In doing so, tools would be developed for long-term water supply forecasting. The study would involved the hydrogeologic evaluation of springs that supply water to communities in the Aceh Region. Originally, this program was to focus on Krueng Geupu on the West Coast of Aceh. However, due to high flood waters, a gauging station could not be established. Currently, a gauging station has been established at a spring above Jantho on Krueng Mountala which is currently being used for water supply. In addition, a weather station has been installed nearby to assist in developing a water balance for the area. CONCEPT 4: WATER RESOURCE PROTECTION. This concept would assist the PDAM and others in defining and locating wells drilled during the period when well permits were not required (shallow and deep)– post-tsunami. The program would also define areas around springs and wells which need to be protected from adverse impacts from development and determine the probable impacts of silvaculture, farming, mining (quarries) and other land uses on water supplies. It would develop protection zones for springs on the west coast and provide guidance to expand the spring protection program for the entire region. This concept would be designed to work with UNICEF, PDAM, BAPEDALDA, as well as NGOs who are currently working in spring development along the West Coast in areas such as Calang. At this time, ESP has developed basic concepts towards spring protection. A paper is presented in Appendix F defining these and a program is underway to define protection zones for springs. CONCEPT 5 – GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT MODEL (Krueng Aceh) This project would involve the development of a finite element or finite difference groundwater/surface water model (quantity and quality) for the Krueng Aceh watershed. Hydrogeology boundaries of this basin are well defined and a model could be easily designed. It is not expected at this time that the input into the model would involve the drilling and testing of wells to obtain hydraulic characteristics. However, recommendations may be given requiring the establishment of a monitoring program and a testing program for the calibration of the model. Such a model could be used by PDAM, BAPEDALDA, and others to evaluate the impacts of pumping, irrigation, and land use changes to the aquifer. It would ultimately be part of the GIS for the basin. Working with the Environmental Engineering Department of the University of Texas, ESP has begun developing digital terrain models, defining water courses, and sub-watershed boundaries in the Krueng Aceh watershed. With time, providing resources are available, this will work will be incorporated into the overall hydrologic model of the system. CONCEPT 6 – SPRING DEVELOMENT AND WATSAN PLANNING (West Coast Communities) - Springs are a major source of water supply in the region. Communities depend on these springs, however, development of springs and distribution is often haphazard and needs improvement. This program would develop:

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WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA

• •

•

WATSAN Planning for the development of springs in small communities. Working in the communities of Lhoknga, Leupung and Lamno on the West Coast, a template for a WATSAN Plan for the development and distribution of water from the Mata Ie and Glee Taron Springs would be developed. Work with community leaders, alternative financing of design and implementation of the water and sanitation systems.

ESP-Aceh has been involved with several of these programs and is currently working with regional WATSAN committees to assist in these areas. To date most work has been placed on CONCEPT 2 and the development of better understanding of the Krueng Aceh river. This has been especially important due to the ever increasing demand for natural resources in the Aceh watershed for reconstruction. These include sand and gravel mining, deforestation for lumber for temporary and permanent housing, as well as water supply. These activities have led to increase in total suspended solids, turbidity, and especially around settlements an increase to organic contamination which could lead to increased diarrhea in children who swim and play in the waters of the Aceh. Towards this end, ESP-Aceh, has performed the following activities: • •

• •

Diarrhea Reduction One of the primary objectives USAIDESP is assist health departments in reducing the occurrence of diarrhea in children. As defined by the WH0 (2000), diarrhea is the passage of loose or liquid stools more frequently than is normal for the individual. It is primarily a symptom of gastrointestinal infection. Depending on the type of infection, the diarrhea may be watery (for example in cholera) or passed with blood (in dysentery for example). Diarrhea due to infection may last a few days, or several weeks, as in persistent diarrhea. Severe diarrhea may be life threatening due to fluid loss in watery diarrhea, particularly in infants and young children, the malnourished and people with impaired immunity. Diarrhea is a symptom of infection caused by a host of bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms most of which can be spread by contaminated water. It is more common when there is a shortage of clean water for drinking, cooking and cleaning and basic hygiene is important in prevention. Water contaminated with human faeces for example from municipal sewage, septic tanks and latrines is of special concern. Animal faeces also contain microorganisms that can cause diarrhea. By protecting springs from these sources of contamination, USAID-ESP believes that the recurrence of diarrhea in villages can be greatly reduced.

Performed a detailed survey of potential pollution sources in the Krueng Aceh Basin. Conducted a field program to measure pH, conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, and turbidity for the entire length of Krueng Aceh. Provided training for over 60 people of proper water quality sampling and field measurement of flow and water quality parameters. Surveyed springs and wells as well as collected considerable data from other organizations working on water quality issues in Aceh Province.

The work presented in report presents a first attempt to evaluate the potential treats to water resources in the Krueng Aceh watershed as well as in the Meulaboh region. Finally, in conducting these programs, it was recognized that the GOI has a keen interest in providing clean water for there citizens. In doing so, they have developed numerous laws and regulations as well as standards for different classes of waters. Table 2-1 presents a summary of these laws. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA

Table 2-1: Indonesia Water Quality Legislation (World Bank, 2003)

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WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA

3. HYDROLOGIC OVERVIEW 3.1. KRUENG ACEH 3.1.1. SURFACE WATER The Krueng Aceh falls with the Aceh Water Resources Development Area 1 (WRDA) as presented in Figure 2-1. Besides the Krueng Aceh, other watersheds included in WRDA 1 included: Krueng Amagn, Kr Raya, Kr Teungku, Krueng Lampanah, Krueng Leungah, Kr Biheue, Krueng Ale, P. Weh, P. Breheh, and P. Nasi.

Figure 3-1 : Aceh Water Resource Development Areas (IWACO, 1993)

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WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA

length of 113 km. The width of the river varies from 51 m upstream to 57 m at midstream to 60 m at it’s mouth with an average slope of 0.0044 m/m. As presented Figure 3-2 and Table 3-1, the Krueng Aceh watershed can be divided into eight principal sub-watersheds. Runoff from these areas produce approximately 602 million cubic meters of water a year (Binnie and Partners,1988). At Pasie where the catchment has an area of approximately 1576 km2, the mean annual flow is 47.14 m3/sec with a mean daily maximum flow of 326 m3/sec and mean daily low flow of 8.73 m3/sec (see Table 3-3).

Debit

Width

Table 3-1: Krueng Aceh Characteristics Krueng Aceh Name of the river 113.00 Length (Km) 60.00 Downstream (M) 57.00 Midstream (M) 51.00 Upstream (M) 3 85.20 Max M /Sec 10.38 Min M3/Sec 3 19.10 Average M /Sec Water Resources Downstream Midstream Upstream

M3/Year (M) (M) (M)

602,337,600.00

Slope (I)

0.00412 0.00433 0.00474 2 1,780.00 Drainage Basin Area (Km ) ARR & AWLR Est. Gauging Equip D.I. Krueng Aceh Irrigated Area (Ha) 7,384.00 Irrigated Width (Ha) 2,100.00 Flood Plain (Ha) Sedimentation in River mouth Remark's Sources: 1. Data of River Debit Aceh Nangroe Darussalam Year 1993 s/d 1999. 2. Reallitation of Irrigation Development by CV.Studio 78 Year 1993 Table 3-2: Krueng Aceh Sub-Watershed Areas (Czekanski et al,2006) NAME Drainage Area (km2) Jantho Water Reservoir Area Krueng Inong Jantho Water Reservoir Area Krueng Inong Jointing Krueng Agam River and Krueng Inong River Krueng Agam Krueng Aceh at the Seulimum Water Reservoir Krueng Keumireu Krueng Jreue Water Reservoir Krueng Jreue River Krueng Keimire Krueng Data Krueng Meutala Krueng Unga Krueng Aceh River

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13.35 5.33 650.36 14.00 219.33 667.82 268.97 168.19 226.42 211.93 2.19 2.45 5.40 1580.09

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Figure 3-2: Krueng Aceh Sub-Watersheds (Czekanski et al, 2006)

Table 3-3: Krueng Aceh Flow Characteristics River

Gauging Station

Years of Record

Area (km2)

Mean Flow (m3/sec)

Krueng Aceh

Krueng Jreue Seulimeum Lampisang/Tunong Kp. Darang Pasie

7 9 4 9 3

165 392 675 1078 1576

7.58 18.54 21.30 35.33 47.14

Mean Daily Max Flow (m3/sec) 56.40 150.00 177.00 397.00 326.00

Mean Daily Min Flow (m3/sec) 0.79 1.96 0.93 3.51 8.73

The average annual rainfall in the Krueng Aceh valley is between 1500 – 3000 mm and is distributed throughout the year as presented in Figure 3-3. Figure 3-4 is a hydrograph of the Ache River at Lampisang/Tunong. Data are missing for November and December either because the river was not gauged during these periods or the river stage was higher than the gauge. However, flows as would be expected are closely related to rainfall with high flows occurring during the raining season of December through February with secondary peak flows occurring in April/May and again in September/October.

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250

Rainfall (mm)

200 150 100 50 0 Jan

Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Figure 3-3: Average Monthly Precipitation - Banda Aceh (1879 - 1984)

Figure 3-4: Krueng Aceh Hydrograph at Lampisang/Tunong - Year 2000

Much of the surface water is used for irrigation. The cropping season is generally defined as follows: Wet Season – Planting August – November Dry Season – Planting February – May

Harvesting January – April Harvesting June – Sept.

Crops grown include: • Sawah – Padi • Tadah hujan - padi • Ladang cloves, mixed, palawija. In 1986, agricultural land use according to Binnie and Partners (1988)

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Irrigated sawah Rainfed sawah (tadah hujan) Ladang (rain fed non-sawah) Total arable land Total sawah as a proportion of total arable

8,902 ha 20,872 ha 21,140 ha 50,914 ha 58.5%

According to Binnie and Partners (1988), much of the flatter alluvial area of the Krueng Aceh basin is cultivated with rice. However, due to the low rainfall (particularly in the northern sector) and the traditional practice of growing only one rice crop, most existing irrigation schemes operate in the wet season only. A notable exception is the Krueng Jreue scheme irrigating 2440 ha on the left bank of the Krueng Aceh from the Krueng Jreue and Lam Karueng side catchments in the southern part of the basin. This and some smaller schemes in the wetter parts supply sufficient water to achieve double cropping. Drainage is generally adequate, the only problems occurring in the lower reaches of Krueng Aceh which is subject to the Krueng Aceh flood alleviation scheme. Some brackish water aquaculture was carried out prior to the tsunami at the mouth of the Krueng Aceh. Flow in the Kr Aceh is more than sufficient to irrigate all existing sawah on both its banks. However, the shallow gradient of the Krueng Aceh requires any gravity supply to be diverted more than 20 km upstream of its potential sawah. Irrigation of 4730 ha of existing rice cultivated land on the right-bank of Krueng Aceh as a single pumped scheme was proposed but not implemented. The Krueng Aceh Right Bank Irrigation Project has reassessed the viability of the right-bank scheme and has opted for gravity supply from a weir located near Seulimeum. Deforestation has been a major problem in this WRDA and poses an increasing treat for the future. Only some 31% of the Krueng Aceh basin as of 1983 is protected forest with the possibility of only 36% total forest cover in the future if current forestry practices are not amended. Soil erosion is already a problem in the middle region of the Krueng Ache basin. A major part of Gunung Seulawah is being designated as fixed production forest along a total length of 14 km of the watershed. Water used for industries in the Krueng Aceh valley, prior to the tsunami was primarily supply by the PDAMs. In general consumption was low and consisted only 2 major, 3 intermediate, and about 900 small scale operations. Major water users included vulcanized tires, printing, ice, and soft drink manufacturers (IWACO 1993).

3.1.2. GROUNDWATER The Krueng Aceh Valley is underlain by unconsolidated to semi-consolidated deposits of Quaternary Age. Hydrogeologically, the Krueng Aceh alluvial plain covers an area of about 250 km2 as presented in the hydrogeological map (Figure 3-5). Figure 3-6 is a generalized hydrogeologic column describing the hydrogeologic characteristics of the various units underlying the valley as well as the Aceh Region. These units are divided into recent alluvial deposits, Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic aquifers, pre-Tertiary to Quaternary limestone, Tertiary and pre-Tertiary consolidated aquifers, and intrusive and metamorphic rocks of various ages. As illustrated in Figure 3-7, a conceptual cross-section of Krueng Aceh Valley, the plain is bounded on the west by limestone formation and on the east by volcanic rocks.

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Figure 3-5: Hydrogeologic Map of Northern Aceh ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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Graphic

Rock Type

Hydrogeologic Unit

Volcanic

Alluvium

Unconsolidated

Semi-consolidated

Quaternary volcanics

Intrusive and metamorphic rocks

Consolidated sediments

Limestones

Tertiary volcanics Quaternary and Tertiary Tertiary pre-Tertiary

Tertiary

pre-Tertiary

Hydrogeologic Characteristics These sediments consist of unconsolidated and semiconsolidated gravels, sands, and clays. The aquifers are often confined with piezometric heads at or below the land surface. In the coastal zone, artesian heads are known to be present. Quality of these waters is questionable with a high potential for salty and brackish water near shore. Away from shore there is a high potential for development. These aquifers consist of both porous and fractured volcanic rocks including lava, lahar, tuff, and breccia. In higher terrains, these rocks have little groundwater potential. Down slope potential production increases. Young volcanics are usually tight and act as groundwater flow boundaries. Springs discharges vary throughout the year. Water quality is good but sometimes high in iron. Significant groundwater resources are present in limestone formations. Main outcrops are restricted to the region Southwest of Banda Aceh and the region east of Calang. These formations are composed of reef limestones and dolomites. Groundwater flow is governed by secondary porosity including solution cavities and fractures. Springs often have significant quantities of water of good quality. Consisting of consolidated sandstones, shales, and siltstone, these aquifer units are located for the most part north of the Sumatra Fault System. Groundwater flow is controlled by fractures which discharge via small springs. Water quality and potentiometric heads show wide variation. These units have in general what is considered a low potential for groundwater development. No important groundwater resources are present. Groundwater is resisted to local fractured zones.

Intrusive rocks

Figure 3-6 : Generalized Hydrogeologic Column (IWACO, 1993)

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Figure 3-7: Generalized Cross-Section of the Krueng Aceh Valley (Farr, J.L. and Djaeni, A., 1975)

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In the upper portion of Krueng Aceh Basin, the majority of groundwater supply in the valley comes from shallow groundwater. The depth to water is generally less than 2.5 meter below surface level. The water quality is generally poor with high turbidity and salinity, especially in the coastal areas. Work by IWACO (1993) and more recently by BGR (2005) indicates that is an extensive productive aquifer at deeper depths. As presented in Table 3-4, wells drilled to an average depth of 100 have yields up to 20 L/sec. The quality of the deeper groundwater is quite variable with specific conductance ranging between 333 to 2920 µS/cm with higher values found in samples from wells near the coast. Table 3-4: Characteristics of Wells Completed in the Krueng Aceh Basin (IWACO, 1993) Well No. Owner Depth SWL Yield EC Qs (l/s/m) (m) (mbsl) (µS/cm) 1106030002 1106030010 1106030011 1106030012 1106030013 1106030014 1106050006 1106060003 1106060005 1106090018 1106100014 1106100015 1106100018 1106110001 1106110020 1106110021 1106110022 1106110023 1106110024

P2AT P2AT P2AT P2AT P2AT P2AT SMIK Masyarakat BPAD P2AT Army Army TVR1 Bandara Archived Archived Archived Archived Archived

100 90 90 102 90 110 90.2 125.5 150 102 110 110 90 45 53.5 48 51 69.5 69

11.4 7.1 7.1 6.0 7.8 15.3 Flow 3.2 6 6 7.5 -

20 8.5 10.2 7.0 2.5 1.8 8.6 <0.1 3 10 6.4 7.5 0.1 1.0 -

494 897 1020 796 2920 333 -

0.97 0.75 0.90 0.57 0.15 0.11 0.51 0.18 – 2.75 -

Down gradient towards the coast, the shallow deposits consist mainly of clays. These effectively form an aquiclude and deeper groundwater is under artesian pressure. These waters are generally of poor quality and historic decay of organic matter has formed pockets of methane gas.

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3.2. KRUENG MEUREUBO 3.2.1. SURFACE WATER Meulaboh lies within the watershed of the Krueng Meureubo. This river drains the western portion of Aceh Barat and flows southwest into the Indian Ocean. It falls with the Aceh Water Resources Development Area 7 (WRDA) as presented in Figure 3.1. It is bounded on the northwest by the Krueng Wayla watershed and on the southeast by the Krueng Sewhagan watershed. The highest points in the watershed lie on G. Mengjah of approximately 2015 meters above mean sea level (a.m.s.l) and on G. Abong-Abong of 2961 meter a.m.s.l. The lowest point is sea level along the southwestern shore of Island of Sumatra. Having a watershed area of approximately 1,379 km2, Krueng Meureubo has a length of about 150 kilometers. Receiving about 3000 mm of rainfall a year, the river discharges approximately 1.8 billion cubic meters annually. Basic data for the river are presented in Table 3.5. Water quality is characterized by low conductivity and low dissolved solids but the river becomes more saline closer to the sea. This will be discussed in more detail in a subsequent section of this report. Table 3-5: Characteristics of Krueng Meureubo LENGTH WIDTH

Lt. of Regimen

(Km)

150.00

Downstream

(M)

225.00

Midstream

(M)

191.25

Upstream

(M)

184.50

448.00

Max DISCHARGE

M /Sec

Min

M /Sec

17.00

Average

M3/Sec

58.47

Water Resources

M /Year

1,843,909,920.00

Downstream

(M)

0.0154

Midstream

(M)

0.01617

Upstream

(M)

0.01648

WATERSHED

Watershed Area

(Km2)

1,379.00

Irrigation

Area

(Ha)

Irrigation

Width

(Km)

Puddle

Width

(Ha)

250.00

TOTAL FLOW SLOPE (I)

Sources: 1. Data of River Debit Aceh Nangroe Darussalam Year 1993 s/d 1999. 2. Reallitation of Irrigation Development by CV.Studio 78 Year 1993

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3.2.2. GROUNDWATER Groundwater in the Krueng Meureubo is for the most part abundant with water quality being the limiting factor. Figure 3-8 presents a generalized hydrogeologic map and crosssection of the Meulaboh area which the Krueng Meureubo drains. Wells are generally completed in unconsolidated to semi-consolidated gravels, sands, clays and muds. These for the most part show groundwater potentials. The aquifers formed by these sediments are under water table conditions near the surface and often become confined with depth with the potentiometric surface being at or just above the surface. Along the coastal plain, saline or brackish water-bearing layers are often found above and below fresh water aquifers limiting their potential. In 2006, Catholic Relief Services and others sampled over 600 wells in the Meulaboh region. This will be discussed in Section 6 of this report.

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4. STUDY METHODOLOGIES To meet the objectives of this project, a detailed Sampling and Analysis (SAP) plan was developed. This plan as presented in Appendix A provided the field team with the following: 1. Background material for the project most of which is presented above. 2. Methodologies to be used in taking field measurements for flow, pH, temperature, specific conductance, salinity, etc. These were defined further in a field manual presented in Appendix B. 3. Sample locations – Before going to field sites were identified which best represented the overall character of the river as well as wells in the watershed (see Figure 4-1). 4. A checklist on what was to be done at each sampling site (see Table 4-1). 5. Descriptions on how to filter, label, preserve, and ship the samples. 6. Quality Control and Quality Assurance procedures. 7. Laboratory analysis techniques (See Appendix C) This plan was distributed to each of the team members to be reviewed prior to going to the field. The reader is encouraged to review Appendices A and B for the methodologies used in this study. Figures 4-2 through 4-5 illustrate methods used in the field.

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Table 4-1: Monitoring Location Checklist – Krueng Aceh and Vicinity, August-September 2006 Feature No

Location/River’s Name

Coordinate

Flow

Notes

N 05o 14’ 57.6” E 95o 34’ 47.0” N 05o 22’ 07.5” E 95o 34’ 24.0” N05o 16' 21.9" E095o 32' 36.3" N 05o 22’ 07.5” E 95o 34’ 24.0 N 05o 27’ 09.4” E 95o 41’ 48.2” N 05o 21’ 27.9” E 95o 35’ 51.8” N 05o 22’ 17.7” E 95o 33’ 45.2” N 05o 22’ 18.8” E 95o 25’ 58.6” N 05o 24’ 36.7” E 95o 27’ 07.2” N 05o 21’ 22.8” E 95o 29’ 43.1” N 05o 21’ 22.8” E 95o 29’ 43.1” N 05o 24’ 47.2” E 95o 26’ 45.5” N 05o 29’ 38.3” E 95o 22’ 25.8” N 05o 33’ 13.1” E 95o 19’ 14.4” N 05o 33’ 37.1” E 95o 19’ 06.6” N 05o 33’ 11.4” E 95o 19’ 58.4” N 05 o 27’ 38.1” E 95 o 15’ 41.3” N05o 22' 04.3" E095o 17' 02.2" N05o 22' 04.3" E095o 17' 02.2" N05o 29' 49.8" E095o 17' 44.7" 05o 26' 55.1" 095o 25' 07.0" 05o 16' 25.3" 095o 35' 56.8" 05o 34' 07,6" 095o 21' 36.4" 05o 24’ 36.7” 95o 27’ 07.2” 05o 34' 07,6" 095o 21' 36.4"

√

Top River Krueng Inong

√

Upstream from confluence with Krueng Agam

√

Intake of PDAM/THW scheme

KI-1

KI-2

Krueng Inong Jantho Water Reservoir Krueng Inong River

KM-1

Krueng Mountala

KAC-6

Krueng Aceh

KAG-1

Saree – Kr Agam

KAG-2

Krueng Agam

KAC-1

Seulimum water reservoir

KJ-1

Krueng Jreue River reservoir

KJ-2

Krueng Jreue River

KK-2

Gauge water station Krueng Keumireu

KK-1

Krueng Keumireu

KAC-7

Krueng Aceh

KAC-2

KAC-3

KAC-4

KAC-5

KR-1

Montasik Bridge Downstream Krueng Aceh Up-Lambaro Rubber Reservoir Downstream Krueng Aceh Peunayong Bridge Downstream Krueng Aceh Beurawe Bridge Downstream Krueng Aceh Krueng Raba

KG-1

Krueng Geupu

GT-1

Gle Taroh Spring

ML-1

Mata le Spring

JRB-1

Jruek balee

JB-1

Jantho Baru

BH-1

Bamboo House

KJ-2/1

Krueng Jreue

BH-1/1

Bamboo House

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√ √

√

At confluence of Krueng Agam and Krueng Inong

√

Top River Krueng Agam

√

Flow measurement took place above the dam

√

√ √ √

√

Lhok Nye – proposed ESP/THW intake Intake of THW scheme

√

18 meters deep in a small village

√

Hand dug well

√

Well at guest house

√

Duplicate

√

Duplicate

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Figure 4-2: Flow Gauging

Figure 4-3: Field Sampling

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Figure 4-4: Filtering Samples

Figure 4-5: Preparing Samples to be sent to the Laboratory

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5. RESULTS The following presents the results for field measurements and laboratory analyses for both the water quality and quantity survey of surface water and groundwater for Krueng Aceh and vicinity as well as Krueng Meureubo. These results will be discussed in detail in Section 6 of this report.

5.1. FIELD RESULTS Tables 5-1 through 5-7 present the results of flow measurement and field water quality parameters for the surveys for surface water and groundwater in the Krueng Aceh and nearby environs as well as Krueng Meureubo. Appendix D presents cross-section and velocity profiles for each station where flow measurements were taken. Figures 5-1 and 5-2 illustrated a typical profile. Table 5-1: Groundwater Field Analyses Sample Number

Well No.

1 2 3

JRB-1 JB-1 BH-1

Date

09/04/06 09/05/06 09/05/06

Field Parameters Water Level or depth Turbidity EC pH DO Temp o (mbgs) (NTU) (std. units) (%l) (µS/cm) ( C) 18 15 20

0,57 5,32 0,61

7,4 7,1 8,1

65,9 54,1 51,5

489,7 121,5 1846

Salinity (pptl)

TDS (g/l)

0,2 0,1 0,9

0,2857 0,0737 1,141

31 28,8 27,7

Table 5-2: Surface Water Field Analyses – Krueng Aceh and Vicinity – August – Sept. 2006 Field Parameters

Sample Number

Location

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

KI-1 KAG-1 KAG-2 KAC-6 KI-2 KAC-1 KK-2 KK-1 KJ-1 KJ-2 KAC-7

12 13

Date

EC (µS/cm)

Temp (oC)

Salinity (pptl)

TDS (g/l)

44,9 90,5 115,1 105,2 104,1 70,6 86,6 38,8 92,3 102,2 96,5

63,8 108,5 431,5 198,7 202,5 379,7 123,3 205,1 272,3 287,9 234,7

23,9 21,5 29 27,9 27,7 30 27 27,7 26,9 29,1 29,1

0 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1

0,0423 0,0758 0,2603 0,1214 0,1245 0,2252 0,0772 0,1267 0,707 0,1738 0,1414

7,85

77,4

233,8

28,2

0,1

0,1430

7,98

40,3

348,7

29,1

0,2

0,2105

9,84

7,8

49,7

1793

28,8

0,8

1,087

09/01/2006

9,21

7,7

40,5

6490

29,3

3,2

3,92

MI-1

09/02/2006

2,07

8,0

87,3

240,7

21,9

0,1

0,1661

KR-1

09/02/2006

3,31

7,8

299,3

23,6

0,1

1,998

KG-1

09/02/2006

1,43

8,7

128,2

196,7

25,2

0,1

0,1275

KM-1

09/03/2006

0,84

8,3

97,8

73,7

23,8

0,0

0,0496

GT-1

09/03/2006

0,64

7,6

78,7

332,5

26,3

0,2

0,2105

Turbidity (NTU)

pH (std. u)

08/29/2006 08/30/2006 08/30/2006 08/30/2006 08/30/2006 08/30/2006 08/31/2006 08/31/2006 08/31/2006 08/31/2006 08/31/2006

0,02 1,66 3,92 22,8 32,7 12,5 6,03 16,6 4,04 52,4 47,8

8 8,17 8,51 8,65 8,58 8,39 7,95 8,05 8,24 8,21 8,19

KAC-2

08/31/2006

80,7

KAC-3

08/31/2006

30,3

KAC-5

09/01/2006

KAC-4

16 17

DO (%l)

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Table 5-3: Surface Water Flow Measurement Summary - Krueng Aceh August-September, 2006 Station

River

I.D. KAG-2

Date

Location

Krueng Agam

(m )

Latitude

Longitude

N05o 21'28.4"

E095o34'51.8"

31-Aug-06

Area

Width

Flow

(m)

(m3/sec)

10.8

17.0

0.72

KI-1

Krueng Inong

N 05 14’ 57.6”

E 95o 34’ 47.0”

29-Aug-06

KI-2

Krueng Inong

N05o 21' 56.8"

E095o 34' 16.8"

31-Aug-06

7.7

43.7

4.42 1.86

0.45

KJ-2

Krueng Jreue

N05 23' 49.4"

E095 29' 29.8"

31-Aug-06

5.9

27.0

KK-1

Krueng Keumireu

N05o 24' 07.7"

E095o 27' 00.1"

31-Aug-06

2.8

13.4

0.85

KAC-1

Krueng Aceh

N05o 22' 16.6"

E095o 34' 05.8"

1-Sep-06

69.3

48.0

15.67

KAC-2

Krueng Aceh

N05o 24' 56.6"

E095o 26' 40.4"

31-Aug-06

13.0

26.7

3.72

KAC-3

Krueng Aceh

N05 31' 08.6"

E095o 21' 45.4"

1-Sep-06

119.0

67.0

11.73

MS-1

Mata Ie Spring

N05o 29' 49.8"

E095o 17' 44.7"

2-Sep-06

1.7

6.0

0.34

KG-1

Krueng Guepu

N05 22' 04.3"

E095 17' 02.2"

2-Sep-06

1.6

4.6

1.62

KM-1

Krueng Mountala

N05o 16' 21.9"

E095o 32' 36.3"

3-Sep-06

1.9

4.5

0.31

Kr. Agam Profile Right Bank

Left Bank

W ater Level

0 Depth (m)

-0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 0

Distance (m)

Figure 5-1: Typical Profile and Flow Velocity Sections

Figure 5-2: Photograph of Krueng Agam Section

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Table 5-4: Meulaboh Groundwater Field Measurements Sample Number

Well Number

Date

Water Level/ Depth (mbgs)

Field Parameters Turbidity NTU

DO %

EC (µS/cm)

Temp (oC)

Salinity ppt or (mg/l)

TDS (g/l)

CD-1

09/07/2006

- 2,3/2,8

0,42

7,1

33,8

645

0,3

0,404

GP-1

09/07/2006

- 1/3

3,92

6,7

7,5

303

28,1

0,1

0,1856

Table 5-5: Krueng Meulaboh Field Survey Site # 1

Location N (Lat)

E (Long)

04o 09’ 09,1”

096o 08’ 23.8”

Specific Conductance (µS/cm)

Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l)

Turbidity (ntu)

Temperature (oC)

1044

660

209

04 09’ 16.3”

096o 08’ 28.7’

1060

678

212

04o 09’20.1

096o 08’ 34.5”

4 5

04 09’ 20.4” o

04 09’ 20.5” o

1050

674

215

1039

646

203

1037

659

196

096 08’ 38.0” 096 08’ 41.6”

04 09’ 21.3”

096 08’ 45.4”

1031

659

200

04o 09’ 22.9”

096o 08’ 48.3”

1020

652

204

1030

659

192

1025

655

186

8 9

04 09’ 26.1” o

04 09’ 29.1” o

096 08’ 49.3” 096 08’ 49.3” o

04 09’ 31.8”

096 08” 49.0”

999

639

195

04o 09’ 34.6”

096o 08’ 48.7

1004

642

196

04o 09’ 37.8”

096o 08’ 49.2”

13 14

04 09’ 39.8” o

04 09’ 41.7” o

1007

644

198

1003

641

180

1004

642

180

096 08’ 50.7” 096 08’ 54.2”

04 09’ 42.6”

096 08’ 57.6”

1020

653

04o 09’ 43.1”

096o 09’ 00.2”

998

639

04o 09’ 44.0”

096o 09’ 02.4”

1022

654

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Site # 18 19 20

Location N (Lat)

E (Long)

Specific Conductance (µS/cm)

04o 09’ 46.2”

096o 09’ 04.4”

04 09’ 49.9” 04 09’ 54.1”

Temperature (oC)

1024

656

1031

660

25.8

1040

642

25.8

096 09’ 03.3”

Turbidity (ntu)

096 09’ 04.5”

Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l)

04 09’ 57.0

096 09’ 01.6”

999

638

25.9

04o 09’ 59.9”

096o 09’ 00.3”

1002

640

25.9

996

636

25.9

1004

642

25.9

23 24

04 10 ’03.7”

096 08’ 59.8”

04 10’ 07.1”

096 09’ 00.2”

04 10’ 10.9”

096 09’ 02.0”

995

636

25.9

04o 10’ 13.6”

096º 09’ 07.3”

1001

640

25.9

04o 10’ 14.2”

096o 09’ 10.9”

28 29

04 10’ 15.6”

1020

652

25.9

1007

644

25.9

1052

674

25.8

096 09’ 18.0”

04 10’ 20.1”

096 09’ 21.6”

04 10’ 25.4”

096 09’ 21.0”

431

267

27.5

04o 10’ 26.3”

096o 09’ 17.9”

1049

671

25.8

1052

673

25.8

1057

677

25.8

30 32

04 10’ 27.1”

096 09’ 15.5”

04 10’ 27.5”

096 09’ 12.9”

Table 5-6: Krueng Meulaboh Field Parameter Summary Statistic

Specific Conductance (µS/cm)

Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l)

Turbidity (ntu)

Count

Temperature (oC) 14.0

Max

1060

678

215

25.9

Min

995

636

180

25.8

Mean

1023

652

198

25.9

Std. Dev.

0.1

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5.2. LABORATORY ANALYSES All samples were sent on ice as quickly as possible to SUCOFINDO Analytical and Testing Laboratory in Jakarta for analyses. The results of these analyses are presented in Appendix E. Table 5-7 presents a summary of these results for Krueng Aceh surface water analyses. Table 5-7: Krueng Aceh– Surface Water Quality Summary – August – September, 2006 Parameter

Units

Detects

Max

Min

Mean

Temperature at Lab

°C

Dissolved Solid

mg/L

4117

450

Suspended Solid

mg/L

8.58

7.34

7.67

BOD 5 days 20 °C

mg/L

6.57

2.00

2.70

COD by K2Cr2O7

mg/L

16.5

2.96

5.31

Dissolved Oxygen

mg/L

6.29

5.00

5.86

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

11.3

3.71

6.69

Nitrate as N

mg/L

2.27

0.24

1.08

Ammonia

mg/L

1.3

< 0.01

0.45

Arsenic Dissolved

mg/L

0.004

<0.001

0.004

Cobalt Dissolved

mg/L

0.04

<0.02

0.03

Barium

mg/L

0.06

< 0.01

0.03

Boron Dissolved

mg/L

0.95

<0.08

0.35

Selenium Dissolved

mg/L

< 0.005

Cadmium Dissolved

mg/L

0.02

< 0.01

0.01

Chromium Hexavalent

mg/L

< 0.05

Copper Dissolved

mg/L

< 0.02

Iron Dissolved

mg/L

1.04

< 0.01

0.25

Lead Dissolved

mg/L

< 0.01

Manganese Dissolved

mg/L

0.18

< 0.01

0.05

Mercury Dissolved

mg/L

< 0.001

Zinc Dissolved

mg/L

0.21

<0.01

0.02

Chloride

mg/L

1914.0

< 2.0

165.0

Cyanide

mg/L

< 0.02

Fluoride

mg/L

0.5

0.1

0.2

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

Sulfate

mg/L

316.00

0.02

31.44

Physical :

Inorganic Chemicals:

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Parameter

Units

Detects

Max

Min

Mean

Free Chlorine

mg/L

< 0.01

Sulfur as H2S

mg/L

< 0.02

Bicarbonate

mg/L

224.0

47.5

123.4

Calcium

mg/L

154.0

16.8

66.4

Magnesium

mg/L

333.00

5.12

42.60

Molybdenum

mg/L

< 0.01

Phosphate

mg/L

11.30

3.71

6.69

Potassium

mg/L

89.30

0.74

11.68

Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L

4117

450

Fecal Coliform

per 100 mL

300

Total Coliform

per 100 mL

19000

2923

Oil & Grease

µg/L

< 1400

Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

µg/L

< 50

µg/L

< 10

Microbiological :

Organic Chemical :

Organic Semi Volatile & Pesticides Compound : BHC

µg/L

Aldrine & Dieldrine

µg/L

Chlordane

µg/L

DDT

µg/L

Heptachlor & H. Epoxide

µg/L

Lindane

µg/L

Methoxychlor

µg/L

Endrine

µg/L

Toxaphane

µg/L

BHC

µg/L

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6. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 6.1. DATA EVALUATION Water quality data can be evaluated in ways. Water can be characterized according to major chemical constituents. Chemical concentrations can be combined with flow to determine the quantity of substance transport over a given period of time in the form of chemical loading. Chemical concentrations can also be compared to specific standards above which the water poses a risk to human health or the environment. As part of this study, over 20 samples were analyzed for a comprehensive set of analytes. These included: •

•

In addition, included in the analyses were organic semi volatile compounds, pesticides and other parameter such as free chlorine, fluoride, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids. Because high concentrations of particular substance such as total suspended solids are more significant in high flow situation than low flow, chemical loading has been evaluated for samples taken on the main stem of the Krueng Aceh and its tributaries. Loading is calculated by multiplying concentration by flow are for this study are reported in metric tonnes/day. Finally, in conducting these programs, it was recognized that the GOI has a keen interest in providing clean water for there citizens. In doing so, they have developed numerous laws and regulations as well as standards for different classes of waters. Table 6-1 presents a summary of these laws. In addition, rivers in Indonesia are classified under four categories, which relate to their use/functions: ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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Classification A: Water that may be used directly for drinking without treatment (includes BOD/other pollutant levels considered 'acceptable' for all classifications); Classification B: Water to be used for drinking after conventional treatment; Classification C: Water to be used for fisheries and watering animals; Classification D: Water to be used for agriculture, municipal supplies, industry, and hydropower. Existing laws require that all the rivers in Indonesia be classified according to their designated use. Each classification defines the water quality criteria for a wide range of substances (as stated by the Government Regulation No. 20/1990) and establishes the limits of concentrations for each of these substances in rivers so that a specific use can be attained and maintained. Table 6-1 presents water quality standards for each of these classifications. As part of this study, all water quality samples were compared to these standards. The following sections discusses the results of this investigation for the main stem of Krueng Aceh and its tributaries, springs and wells in the Banda Aceh region, and water quality trends in Meulaboh and Krueng Meureubo. Table 6-1: Indonesian Water Quality Standards Parameter

Units

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Temperature at Lab

°C

Normal ±3

Normal ±5

Dissolved Solid

mg/L

1000

2000

Suspended Solid

mg/L

400

Std. Units

6-9

5-9

BOD 5 days 20 °C

mg/L

COD by K2Cr2O7

mg/L

Dissolved Oxygen

mg/L

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

0.2

0.2 -

Physical :

Inorganic Chemical :

Nitrate as N

mg/L

Ammonia

mg/L

0.5

Arsenic Dissolved

mg/L

0.05

Cobalt Dissolved

mg/L

0.2

Barium

mg/L

Boron Dissolved

mg/L

Selenium Dissolved

mg/L

0.01

0.05

Cadmium Dissolved

mg/L

0.01

Chromium Hexavalent

mg/L

0.05

Copper Dissolved

mg/L

0.02

Iron Dissolved

mg/L

0.3

Lead Dissolved

mg/L

0.03

Manganese Dissolved

mg/L

0.1

Mercury Dissolved

mg/L

0.001

0.002

0.005

Zinc Dissolved

mg/L

0.05

Chloride

mg/L

600

Cyanide

mg/L

0.02

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Parameter

Units

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Fluoride

mg/L

0.5

1.5

Nitrite as N

mg/L

0.06

Sulfate

mg/L

400

Free Chlorine

mg/L

0.03

Sulfur as H2S

mg/L

0.002

Fecal Coliform

per 100 mL

100

1000

2000

Total Coliform

per 100 mL

1000

5000

10000

Oil & Grease

µg/L

1000

Surfactants Anionic as MBAS

µg/L

200

Phenolic Compounds

µg/L

Microbiological :

Organic Chemical :

Organic Semi Volatile & Pesticides Compound : BHC

µg/L

210

Aldrine & Dieldrine

µg/L

Chlordane

µg/L

DDT

µg/L

Heptachlor & H. Epoxide

µg/L

Lindane

µg/L

Methoxychlor

µg/L

Endrine

µg/L

Toxaphane

µg/L

BHC

µg/L

6.2. MAIN STEM KRUENG ACEH AND ITS TRIBUTARIES 6.2.1. WATER CHARACTERISTICS In hydrochemistry, various waters are classified by the concentration of major cations and anions. As mentioned earlier, major cations consist of positively charged ions including calcium, sodium, magnesium, and potassium whereas major anions are negatively charged ions of hydroxyl, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride and sulfate. With few exceptions, these ions make up the majority of minerals in water. When concentrations are converted from units such as milligrams/liter or kilogram (mg/L) to a combining weight per volume (milliequivalents/liter or meq/L) defined as the formula weight of an ion divided by it’s charge, a finger print of the water can be developed. In most water, the sum of meq/L of anions should be within 5% of the sum of meq/L of cations. One way of visualizing the relationship between cations and anions in a sample is a Stiff Diagram. As illustrated in Figure 6-1, cations in milliequivalents per kilogram are plotted on the left and anions in milliequivalents per kilogram are plotted on the right. In a balanced system, the areas on each side of the graph should be equal.

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Figure 6-1: Typical Stiff Diagram

By using Stiff Diagram, one can visualize how water changes as the river moves towards the sea. For the study, Stiff Diagrams were developed for each sample and plotted on a line diagram for the river system. Figure 6-2 illustrates the results of this endeavor. For the most part, the Stiff Diagrams show that in the upper part of the watershed, the surface waters are very similar in character and predominated by calcium and bicarbonate. Minor changes occur in waters from upper portions of in Krueng Jreue and in waters from Krueng Keumireu where magnesium cations appear to increase. In the lower portions of the watershed sodium and chloride become dominant as the river approaches the sea. Dissolved solids and dissolved oxygen (% of saturation) placed on line diagrams also help characterize the system. Figure 6-3 shows how dissolved solids increase from the top of the watershed to the mouth of the watershed. Figure 6-4 shows using a line diagram how waters in the upper portion of the watershed are supersaturated with oxygen and as the river flows toward the sea it becomes oxygen depleted.

KAG-1

KAC-4

KAC-5

KAC-3

KAC-2

KAC-7

KAG-2 KAC-6

KAC-1 KK-2 KK-1

KJ-2

KI-2 KI-1

JB-1

KM-1

KJ-1

Figure 6-2: Stiff Diagrams Characterizing Waters in the Krueng Aceh System

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4500 4000

Concentration (mg/L)

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500

-2 KA G

-1

KI -1

KI -2

-1 KA C

KK -1

KJ -2

-1

KJ -2

-7 KA C

-2 KA C

KA C

-3

-5 KA C

KA C

-4

Figure 6-3: Dissolved Solids in the Krueng Aceh System

KAG-1

KAC-4

KAC-5

KAC-3

KAC-2

KAC-7

KAG-2 KAC-6

KAC-1 KK-2 KK-1

KJ-2

KI-2 KI-1

JB-1

KM-1

KJ-1

K r . A c e h

D is s o lv e d

O x y g e n

1 4 0

1 2 0

D .O .

1 0 0

8 0

6 0

4 0

2 0

D.O. (% Sat)

G K

I K

J K

I-

A K

0 C

0 10 50 80

100

Figure 6-4: Dissolved Oxygen in the Krueng Aceh System

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6.2.2. PARAMETERS OF CONCERN Examination of the water quality data for Krueng Aceh and its tributaries indicate that exceedance of Class I and II Indonesian standards for numerous parameters occurred at several sites. These parameters include biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, phosphate, ammonia, total suspended solids, iron, zinc, and total/fecal coliforms. Table 6-2 presents data for each of these parameters which exceed the standards starting from the top of the watershed down to its outlet to the sea. It should be noted that pesticides and semivolatile analyses for all samples were below detection limits. Table 6-2: Locations on the Main Stem of the Krueng Aceh and its Tributaries where Concentrations Exceed Indonesian Standards Site

Suspended Solids

BOD 5

COD by K2Cr2O7

Total Phosphate Ammonia as P

Dis Iron

mg/L

Dis. Zinc

mg/L

Chloride

mg/L

Coliforms Fecal

Total

per 100 mL

mg/L

KAG-1

3.01

6.05

11.3

< 0.01

0.12

0.01

2.93

KAG-2

5.04

9.02

10.1

0.2

0.02

0.01

3.91

140

KAC-6

2.19

5.41

6.94

0.2

0.01

2.0

370

KI-1

6.72

0.01

0.06

0.01

1.48

260

KM-1

6.49

0.01

2.0

KI-2

4.9

9.02

6.29

0.21

0.07

0.01

2.0

420

KAC-1

3.01

5.07

9.86

0.5

0.01

3.4

KK-1

6.57

16.5

7.09

0.34

0.1

0.01

2.99

1700

KK-2

6.02

5.57

6.26

0.01

0.36

0.21

300

KJ-1

3.01

5.48

0.1

1.04

0.01

300

16000

KJ-2

3.01

3.71

0.12

0.53

0.01

2.0

KAC-7

3.01

7.45

0.49

0.36

0.01

3.14

500

KAC-2

0.78

0.03

0.01

3.89

6000

KAC-3

7.8

0.59

0.11

0.01

3.46

200

KAC-5

5.05

0.6

0.01

527

1600

KAC-4

3.78

1.3

0.01

1914

170

19000

Class I

0.2

0.5

0.3

0.05

600

100

1000

Class II

0.2

N/A

0.05

N/A

1000

5000

Nutrients (Phosphate, Nitrate, and Ammonia): Nutrients are of concern primarily because they enrich water and promote the growth of algae and other plants. When these plants die, the decay process depletes the water of oxygen and destroys fish habitat. Of primary concern is phosphate. Phosphate is made available for solution through natural occurrence in the mainly in the mineral form of apatite which occurs in igneous rocks and marine sediment. In the Krueng Aceh watershed the main source of phosphate is most likely fertilizer and to a lesser extent waste water. Table 6-2 indicates that phosphate exceeds the standard of 0.2 mg/L at each of the stations. Phosphate ranges from 3.78 mg/L to 11.3 mg/L averaging 6.9 mg/L. The highest concentration of phosphate occurs at KAG-1 which is highest point sampled in the watershed with phosphate concentration gradually decreasing towards the sea. Nitrate which is also a nutrient found in fertilizer does not exceed Indonesian standards at any of the stations, however, ammonia which commonly found in urea does exceed Class I standards in the lower portion of the river. As illustrated in Figure 6-5, phosphate decreases from the top of the watershed to the bottom whereas nitrates and ammonia gradually increase. This is most likely due to the widespread use of phosphate ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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fertilizers in the upper portion of the watershed with nitrates and ammonia from human waste in the lower part of the watershed. 12

Concentration (mg/L)

10 8 6 4 2

Total Phosphate as P

Nitrate as N

Ammonia

-2 KA G

-1 KM

KI -1

KI -2

-1 KA C

KK -1

-1 KJ -2

KJ -2

-7 KA C

-2 KA C

-3 KA C

-5 KA C

KA C

-4

Nitrite as N

Figure 6-5: Nutrients in the Krueng Aceh System

Total Suspended Solids: Total suspended solids in stream are that fraction of total solids that does not pass through a 0.45 micron filter. It represents sediment and suspended clay in the water column. It is caused by sediment generated by erosion. It is also causes the water to be turbid. Samples taken from the Krueng Aceh system ranged between 1 and 66 mg/L. The highest concentration is found at KAC-2 which is directly downstream from large scale sand and gravel operations in the bed of the Krueng Aceh. As illustrated in Figure 6-6, total suspended solids increase downstream in the watershed. Other sources of sediment are sand and gravel operations and perhaps logging operations in Krueng Jreue and Krueng Keumireu.

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Concentration (mg/L)

60 50 40 30 20 10

-2

-1

KA G

KI -1

KI -2

-1 KA C

KK -1

-1 KJ -2

KJ -2

-2

-3

-5

-7 KA C

KA C

-4

Figure 6-6: Total Suspended Solids in the Krueng Aceh System

High suspended solid concentrations in water also causes the water to be turbid. Turbidity is a measurement of the ability of water to pass light. Turbidity is: • • • •

Measured in Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) Estimates how light is scattered by suspended particulate material in the water. A turbidimeter has a photocell set at 90o to the direction of the light beam to estimate scattered rather than absorbed light. Provides a very good correlation with the concentration of particles in the water that affect clarity.

Field measurements for turbidity indicate that turbidity as presented in Table 5-4 and Figure 6-7 ranges between 0.02 NTU at KI-1 at the head waters of Krueng Inong to 80.7 NTU again at KAC-2 downstream from the sand and gravel operation in Krueng Aceh. As illustrated in Figure 6-8 values of turbidity as those found at a KAC-2 can stress fish and adversely affect feeding over time.

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Kr. Aceh Turbidity 90 80

Turbidity (NTU)

70 60 50 40 30 20 10

-2 KA G

-1 KM

KI -1

KI -2

-1 KA C

KK -1

KJ -1

KJ -2

-2

-7 KA C

KA C

-5

-3 KA C

KA C

-4

Figure 6-7: Turbidity in the Aceh River System

Figure 6-8: Relational Trends of Fresh Water Fish Activity to Turbidity Values and Time (WaterAction Volunteers, 2003)

Biological and Chemical Oxygen Demand: Biological oxygen demand is a test used to measure the concentration of biodegradable organic matter present in a sample of water (Wikipedia, 2006). It can be used to infer the general quality of the water and its degree of pollution by biodegradable organic matter. As described in the Table 6-3, clean or ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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unpolluted rivers will have a 5 day BOD of less than 1 mg/l. Moderately polluted rivers may have BODs in the range 2 mg/l to 8 mg/l. Table 6-3 : BOD Levels and Pollution (Wikipedia, 2006)

BOD Level (in ppm)

Water Quality

1-2

Very Good

3-5

Moderate

6-9

Fairly Polluted

10+

Very Polluted

Water in the Krueng Aceh range between 2 and 6.7 mg/L of BOD indicating sections of the river are fairly polluted. As illustrated in Figure 6-9, BOD loading to the Krueng Aceh occurs at the outlets of Krueng Jrueu and Krueng Keumireu.

18 16

Concentration (mg/L)

14 12 10 8 6 4 2

BOD 5 days 20 °C

-1

-2 KA G

KI -1

KI -2

-1 KA C

KK -1

-1 KJ -2

KJ -2

-2

-3

-5

-7 KA C

KA C

-4

COD by K2Cr2O7

Figure 6-9: BOD and COD in the Aceh River System

As defined in the Wikipedia (2006), chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a test used to measure the amount of organic compounds in water. COD determines the amount of organic pollutants in rivers and lakes. In the Krueng Aceh system, COD ranges from 3 mg/L to 16.5 mg/L. Of primary concern is the influx of COD at Krueng Keumireu. Trace Metals (Dissolved Iron and Zinc): Both iron and zinc are naturally occurring in the environment. Iron is commonly found in iron rich clays and in both sedimentary and igneous rocks. It can also be indicator of industrial pollution. As illustrated in Figure 6-10, loading of iron into system mainly occurs in Krueng Jreue to KAC-7. Zinc is found in the mineral sphalerite which is common in igneous rocks. Dissolved zinc was found only in the upper reaches of Krueng Keumireu and may be related to the underlying geology of this sub-basin. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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0.6

Concentration (mg/L)

0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1

-2 KA G

-1 KM

KI -1

KI -2

-1 KA C

KK -1

KJ -2

-7 KA C

-2 KA C

-3 KA C

-5 KA C

KA C

-4

Iron Dissolved

Figure 6-10: Dissolved Iron in the Krueng Aceh System

Coliforms (Total and Fecal): Coliform bacteria are defined as rod-shaped gram-negative organisms which ferment lactose with the production of acid and gas when incubated at 35 °C. Coliforms are abundant in the feces of warm-blooded animals, but can also be found in the aquatic environment, in soil and on vegetation. In most instances, coliforms themselves are not the cause of sickness, but their presence is indicates that other pathogenic organisms of fecal origin may be present.The presence of fecal coliform bacteria in aquatic environments may indicate that the water has been contaminated with the fecal material of man or other animals. Fecal coliform bacteria can enter rivers through direct discharge of waste from mammals and birds (Wikipedia, 2006). In the Krueng Aceh system, total coliforms range between 0 and 19,000 per 100 ml with fecal coliforms range between 0 and 300 per 100 ml. Higher values exceed the Class I limit of 100 per 100 ml for fecal coliforms and 1000 per 100 ml for total coliforms and Class II limits when greater than 5,000 per 100 ml for total coliforms. As illustrated in Figure 6-11, coliform bacteria increase downstream from the upper portion of the watershed. Influxes of total and fecal coliforms occur in the lower portion of Krueng Jreue with an increase in total coliforms occurring as Krueng Aceh passes through Banda Aceh. The source of these coliforms is most likely human waste.

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20000 18000 16000

per 100 mL

14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000

Fecal

KI -1 KA C -6 KA G -2 KA G -1

KA C -4 KA C -5 KA C -3 KA C -2 KA C -7 KJ -2 KJ -1 KK -2 KK -1 KA C -1 KI -2 KM -1

Total

Figure 6-11: Total and Fecal Coliforms in the Krueng Aceh System

6.2.3. CHEMICAL LOADING Chemical loading in a river system gives a snapshot in time where influxes of minerals are occurring. Loading is defined by concentration of particular parameter multiplied by the flow. Figure 6-12 presents flows of various within Krueng Aceh system. This diagram illustrated that Krueng Aceh gains considerable flow between Krueng I and Krueng Agam. At the Seulimum Dam considerable water is lost and is gradually regain through irrigation return flow as the river flows downstream.

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KAG-1

KAG-2 KAC-4

KAC-5

KAC-3

KAC-2

KAC-6

KAC-1

KAC-7 KK-2 KK-1

KJ-2

KI-2 KI-1

30 No 1

Feature KI-1

JB-1

KM-1

KJ-1

Location_River s Name Krueng Inong\Jantho Water Reservoir

Length (km) 7.8

Krueng Mountala

6.4

KAC-6

Kr. Aceh

57.7

KAG-2

Krueng Agam

5.1 55.4

KM-1

KAC-1

Seulimum water reservoir

>1 m3/sec 5 m3/sec

KJ-1

Krueng Jreue River reservoir

KJ-2

Krueng Jreue River

0.2

KK-2

Gauge water station Krueng Keumireu

11.7

10 m3/sec

KK-1

Krueng Keumireu

11.8

KAC-7

Kr. Aceh

33.5

KAC-2

Montasik Bridge\Downstream Aceh River

20.9

KAC-3

Up-Lambaro Rubber Reservoir\Downstream Aceh River

12.8

KAC-4

Peunayong Bridge\Downstream Aceh River

3.4

KAC-5

Beurawe Bridge\Downstream Aceh River

5.7

KR-1

Krueng Raba

4.7

KG-1

Krueng Geupu

5.3

ML-1

Mata le Spring

7.5

BH-1

Bamboo House

4.3

15 m3/sec

6.7

Figure 6-12: Line Diagram - Krueng Aceh Flows (August - September, 2006)

Figures 6-13 through 6-16 presents loadings of various parameters at flow measurement stations in the Krueng Aceh system. These figures illustrate the following: 1. Suspended solids increase substantially between KAC-1 and KAC-2 with Krueng Inong increasing the load for these parameters in the main stem of Krueng Aceh (Figure 6-13). 2. Also shown in Figure 6-13, there is an influx of BOD5 and COD into the Krueng Aceh from Krueng Inong. The Krueng Aceh appears to assimilate both BOD5 and COD before they start increase at KAC-7 where the river is going through more urbanized areas. 3. For nutrients as shown in Figure 6-14, a similar pattern to is seen with Krueng Inong and runoff from the reach between Krueng Agam and Inong increasing loading at KAC-1 on the Krueng Aceh with an increasing trend between KAC-7 and KAC-2. In addition, Krueng Inong and Krueng Jreue contribute significant loadings of phosphate into the system. 4. In evaluating Figure 6-15, parameters such as iron, fluoride, cobalt, and manganese present a similar trend with Krueng Inong and Krueng Jreue contributing considerable loading to the system, however, as Krueng Aceh approaches the sea, salt water influences the quality of the water and parameters such as boron, cobalt, manganese, and barium loading increase substantially. 5. Finally as illustrated in Figure 6-16, dissolved salt loading including major cations and anions show that the sea water intrusion and to lesser extent Krueng Inong increase the mineralization of Krueng Aceh as the river moves down gradient.

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30000 25000 20000 Loading 15000 (tonnes/day) 10000 5000

KA C KA 4 C KA 5 C KA 3 C KA 2 C -7 KJ KJ 2 -2 -1 KK -1 KA C -1 KI -2 KI -1 KM -1 KA G -2

BOD 5 days 20 °C

COD by K2Cr2O7

Suspended Solid

Figure 6-13: Suspended Solid, BOD5, and COD Loading into the Krueng Aceh System

10000

Loading (tonnes/day)

9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 KA

4 C-

5 C-

-3 KA

Ammonia

-2 KA

7 C-

-2 KJ

-2

-1

Nitrate as N

-1 KA

1 C-

-2

-1

-1 KA

2 G-

Total Phosphate as P

Figure 6-14: Nutrient Loading into the Krueng Aceh System

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600

Loading (tonnes/day)

500 400 300 200 100

C KA -4 C KA 5 C KA 3 C KA 2 C -7 KJ KJ 2 -2 -1 KK KA 1 C -1 KI -2 KI -1 KM -1 KA G -2

Barium

Cobalt Dissolved

Manganese Dissolved

Iron Dissolved

Boron Dissolved

Flouride

Figure 6-15: Selected Mineral Loadings into the Krueng Aceh System

Loading (tonnes/day)

3.E+06

2.E+06

1.E+06

5.E+05

KA -4 C KA -5 C KA -3 C KA -2 C -7 KJ KJ - 2 -2 -1 KK KA -1 C -1 KI -2 KI -1 KM KA 1 G -2

0.E+00

Potassium

Bicarbonate

Calcium

Magnesium

Sulfate

Chloride

Dissolved Solids

Figure 6-16: Dissolved Solid Loading into the Krueng Aceh System

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6.3. GROUNDWATER AND SPRINGS IN THE VICINITY OF BANDA ACEH Since the tsunami, numerous reports and databases have been developed evaluated groundwater and spring quality in the Banda Aceh region. Most of these studies have focused on total dissolved solids especially sodium-chloride. Electro-conductivity surveys have been undertaken by BGR, UNICEF, and others. A comprehensive electromagnetic survey has been completed by BGR and some ground truthing has taken place. This survey developed water quality maps of the Krueng Aceh watershed and the West Coast depicting areas of saline waters. Earlier work by Lawrence et al (1997) IWACO (1993), Farr et al, 1975, and numerous governmental groundwater surveys presented in the reference section of this report. This study evaluated the water quality of three wells. BH-1 which is located in Banda Aceh at the Bamboo Guest House, JB-1 which is located at Jantho Baru near the top of the watershed, and JRB-1 which is located in a small village of Jreuk Balle where ESP-Aceh is currently working to improve the Krueng Aceh watershed on a community level. In addition, three springs and two rivers in sub-watersheds on the West Coast were tested. These included Krueng Mountala (KM-1) which is the headwater spring of Krueng Inong near Jantho, Gle Taroh Spring (GT-1), Mata Le Spring (MI-1), Krueng Geupu (KG-1), and Krueng Raba (KR-1).

6.3.1. WATER CHARACTERISTICS As mentioned early, the dissolved minerals in water reflect the nature of the rock and for groundwater the retention time of the water in rock matrix. Most studies indicate that the mineralization in groundwater and springs is quite low with electrical conductivities ranging between 200 and 1000 S/cm. However, wells within 0 to 2 kilometers along the coast have been affected by saltwater intrusion. Samples of wells, springs and surface water at headwaters of rivers on the West Coast sampled during this study generally reflect the same thing with electrical conductivity ranging between 70 and 500 S/cm. The lowest electrical conductivity was found at the headwaters of Krueng Mountala and the highest in the deep well JRB-1 at Jreuk Balle. pH generally for all sites were slightly above neutral with the highest value of 8.7 being found in the Krueng Geupu. Stiff diagrams for groundwater samples as presented in Figure 6.17 indicate that the groundwaters from these wells show three distinct types of waters. JB-1 is dominated by calcium and bicarbonate ions and is less mineralized than JRB-1 and BH-1. This well is very similar to surface waters in the Banda Aceh Basin and indicates a relatively short retention time in the aquifer. JRB-1 is more mineralized and is dominated by magnesium calcium and bicarbonate ions. This water is most likely older than the water found in JB-1. Finally, BH-1 is more saline and is dominated by sodium, magnesium, and chloride ions. It is located in the lower part of the basin and reflects recharge for the saline Krueng Aceh at the lower part of the watershed.

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BH-1

JRB-1

JB-1

Figure 6-17: Groundwater Stiff Diagrams - Banda Aceh Region

Figure 6-18 are stiff diagrams for springs and surface water samples taken on the West Coast. These water are very similar in nature with calcium and bicarbonate being the dominate ions reflecting the limestone origins. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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MI-1

KG-1

GT-1

KR-1

KM-1

Figure 6-18: Stiff Diagrams for Banda Aceh Springs and West Coast River Headwaters

6.3.2. PARAMETERS OF CONCERN As presented in Table 6-4, all groundwater sampled in the Krueng Aceh system exceed Indonesia standards for Class I and II waters for total phosphate with suspended solids BOD5 exceeding standards for KR-1. Fluoride is of concern in each of the wells. Fluoride originates naturally in groundwater from the mineral apatite and calcium fluoride fluorite. These is fairly common minerals in sediments of volcanic and limestone origin. Finally, high coliforms in the Mata Le Spring reflect human activities around the spring.

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Table 6-4: Parameters which Exceed GOI Stds. in Groundwater, Springs and Headwater Samples in the Banda Aceh Region Site

BH-1 JB-1 JRB-1 KM-1 GT-1 MI-1 KR-1 KG-1 Class I Class II

Suspended Solids

BOD 5

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L 1 2 2 1 1 1 30 7 50 50

mg/L 2 2 2 2 2 2 2.13 2 2 3

mg/L 10.9 6.74 6.74 6.49 1.25 2.05 1.33 2.24 0.2 0.2

Fluoride mg/L 2.16 1.27 1.27 < 0.01 <0.10 <0.10 < 0.01 0.5 1.5

Coliforms Fecal

Total

per 100 mL 0 0 0 0 0 600 0 0 100 1000

per 100 mL 0 0 0 0 0 36000 0 0 1000 5000

6.4. KRUENG MEUREUBO AND MEULABOH As part of the field work, a training program was held in Meulaboh on water quality sampling and field methods. In addition, data collected by Catholic Relief Services was evaluated as to its significance in water supply development. The training program consisted of collecting groundwater and sample and conducting a field survey of the Krueng Meureubo. The following presents a discussion of these results.

6.4.1. GROUNDWATER Table 6-5 presents a statistical summary of these data. Besides total dissolved solids (salts) and turbidity, parameters of concern (those that exceed Indonesian Stds.) include arsenic, copper, iron and coliforms. Of primary concern to many is the presence of arsenic in groundwater. Arsenic in water poses a risk to human health. Arsenic is a contaminant found in groundwater of Holocene aquifers throughout Southeast Asia. Most studies concerning the causes of this contamination have focused on Bangladesh and West Bengal, India where the problem is most acute, but recently arsenic poisoning has been observed in Vietnam, Laos, Nepal, China, and Cambodia. Samples taken by CRS indicate that of the over 600 samples taken 35 exceed Indonesia drinking Class I drinking water sample of 0.05 mg/L. These samples range between from non detect to 101 mg/L. A common cause of arsenic is the reductive dissolution of ferric (hydr)oxides in aquifer materials. However, it is uncertain as to why certain aquifer zone have high arsenic concentrations. Work by CRS indicates that the source of the dissolved arsenic is a moderately deep aquifer (approximately 150 meter below ground surface). This is the maximum depth a drill rig provided for tsunami relief could penetrate. This zone most likely consists of sediments deposited in a reducing environment which enhance the release of arsenic into the environment. In designing water supply wells it is import to avoid this zone.

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Table 6-5: Meulaboh Groundwater Quality Summary based on CRS (2006) Database No. that Parameter Units Count Max Min Mean Exceed Stds. pH std Units 11.08 3.52 7.00 4 652 o Temperature C 659 33 2.7 27.66 Turbidity NTU 993 0.05 20.84 284 659 Conductivity μs/cm 660 19300 11 702 117 Fecal coliform count/100 ml 211 46 0 1.20 11 Total Coliform count/100 ml 300 0 35.16 136 210 Free Chlorine ppm 2.72 ND 0.05 0 485 Total Chlorine ppm 3.2 ND 0.08 0 443 Nitrate ppm 1 ND 0.11 0 470 Nitrite ppm 0.8 ND 0.03 0 468 Ammonia ppm 1.6 ND 0.44 1 470 Free Copper ppm 1.13 ND 0.04 1 444 Total Copper ppm 5 ND 0.09 4 440 Iron ppm 5 0.001 0.80 299 520 Fluoride ppm 2.1 0.001 0.97 1 512 Arsenic ppb 101 ND 2.06 35 566 Manganese ppm 0.3 ND 0.02 6 465 Sulphate ppm 200 3 21.78 0 489 Chloride ppm 500 ND 106.35 67 489 Total Hardness ppm 170 355 3 72.60 0 Magnesium ppm 330 ND 24.71 NA 101 Calcium ppm 500 ND 82.57 NA 101 Sodium g/L 25 1.74 7.77 0 20

Two groundwater samples were taken by the ESP-Aceh team (see Figure 6-19). These were CD-1 (Cot Darat-Samatiba Meulaboh) and GP-1 (Desa Gampa-Dug Well Meulaboh). For CD-1 the pH was 7.1 with a electrical conductivity of 645 S/cm. The sample exceeded Indonesia drinking water standards for BOD5 (4.74 mg/L), COD (11.8 mg/L), phosphate (6.71 mg/L), nitrate (55.4 mg/L), and ammonia (7.58 mg/L+). The values of nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate indicate that this well is being contaminated by nearby human waste disposal. GP-1 exceeded drinking water standards of total suspended solids (56 mg/L), BOD5 (10.6 mg/L), COD (26.5 mg/L), phosphate (5.09 mg/L), nitrate (19.6 mg/L), ammonia (9.65mg/L), and dissolved iron (29.4 mg/L). Again human waste is most likely the cause of contamination.

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Figure 6-19: Water Quality Sampling - Krueng Meureubo

6.4.2. SURFACE WATER As presented in Table 5-5, a field survey of Krueng Meureubo was completed. This survey started at the near the mouth of the river at the bridge for the main highway crossing to the new fresh water intake for the city with readings being take about every 25 meters. During this field trip, about 15 water professionals were trained on how to take turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and temperature readings. Data indicates, that is very little deviation in the water quality as we proceeded up stream with the exception of one station which indicated a fresh water inflow into the river. As illustrated in Figure 6-20 and Table 6-6 , the readings were relative consistence with specific conductance ranging between 995 S/cm and 1060 S/cm and turbidity ranging between 180 NTU and 215 NTU. Higher values for specific conductance and turbidity occurred downstream from the confluence with a tributary entering the main stem of the river from the south. The water from this tributary was visually darker and appear to contain organic material.

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Kr. Meurebo Field Parameter Trends 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1

EC (uS/cm)

11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33

TDS (mg/L)

Turbidity (NTU)

Linear (Turbidity (NTU))

Figure 6-20 : Krueng Meureubo Field Parameter Trends

Count Max Min Mean Std. Dev.

Table 6-6: Krueng Meureubo Survey Statistics Specific Total Turbidity Temperature Conductance Dissolved (NTU) (oC) Solids (mg/L) (μs/cm) 32 32 14 14.0 1060 678 215 25.9 995 636 180 25.8 1023 652 198 25.9 21 13 11 0.1

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7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the work presented above the following conclusion can be drawn: 1. Overall the water quality of the Krueng Aceh is relatively good, however, sections can be considered moderately to fairly polluted with organic material. 2. Water quality deteriorates from the upper part of the watershed to its outlet to sea. 3. Salt water incursion strongly affects water quality in the Krueng Aceh down stream form the freshwater intake dam. 4. Samples taken from each station exceed Indonesian Class I and/or Class II standards in one or more of the following BOD5, COD, total phosphate, ammonia, dissolved iron, dissolved zinc, chloride, and total/fecal coliforms. 5. Phosphate exceeds standards in all samples with the highest values found at the top of the watershed. This is an indicator that phosphate fertilizer is used in high quantities in these areas.. 6. Krueng Keumireu at its confluence with Krueng Aceh has the highest BOD5 of all stations. 7. Chloride concentrations increase towards the mouth of the river. 8. Loading of nutrients, BOD, COD, and dissolved solids occurs from Krueng Jreue, Krueng Keumireu, and most notably from Krueng Inong. 9. Sand and gravel operations in the river adversely affect the overall quality of the water. Downstream from the operation total suspended solids and turbidity increase markedly exceeding standards. 10. From its headwaters to it’s mouth, the Krueng Aceh becomes depleted of dissolved oxygen ranging from over saturated to around 40% saturation. 11. Well samples taken in both Aceh and Meulaboh reflect are more polluted with nutrients than surface waters samples. This is most likely due contamination from human waste. 12. Pesticides and semi-volatile compounds were not detected in any sample. 13. Bacterial contamination of Mata Le springs is a major concern. High fecal and total coliform counts indicate that there is a need for a spring protection program. 14. Groundwater samples in the Meulaboh region indicated a high degree of nitrate contamination most likely from septic systems. In addition, groundwater samples analyzed by Catholic Relief Services indicate that of the over 600 samples taken 35 exceed Indonesia drinking Class I drinking water sample of 0.05 mg/L. These samples range between from non-detect to 101 mg/L. Samples with dissolved arsenic are believed from a moderately deep aquifer (approximately 150 meter below ground surface). This was the maximum depth to which a drill rig provided for tsunami relief could penetrate. This zone most likely consists of sediments deposited in a reducing environment which enhance the release of arsenic into the environment. In designing water supply wells it is import to avoid this zone. 15. Although not specifically mentioned in the text, based on the results of the duplicate sample analysis and internal consistency evaluation, the performance of the laboratory is judged to be substandard. Normally, the total of cations and anions in equivalents/liter should be within 5%. Only one analysis was considered acceptable in this regard. As requested the laboratory did not analyze for sodium which is consider very important. For the duplicate sample, analyses of several parameters ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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were not within acceptable range. Another concern is the pervasive extent of phosphate contamination in each of the samples analyzed. This is questionable on several counts and could indicate contamination is occurring in the laboratory perhaps (although not certain) due the use of phosphate detergent in laboratory. Based on the results of this study, recommendations include: 1. Developing programs in sub-watershed Krueng Inong and Krueng Keumireu to reduce BOD5, COD, and bacteria loading. Working with communities on a small scale, sources of these contaminants could be identified and measures taken to reduce contamination to the river could be accomplished in a timely manner. Such a program could also reduce the occurrence of diarrhorea in children. 2. On a pilot basis, implement a spring protection program for Mata Le spring. Based on materials developed by ESP-Central Java and other locations this may be an ideal location. Appendix F presents a brief summary of spring protection methodologies that could be employed in Aceh Province. Results could be measured in terms of water quality improvement. 3. Working with the local governments and other donors such as Germany develop a proactive method to move sand and gravel operations away from the Krueng Aceh river bottom. Although relocating these operations in the flood plain would solve the problem it will at least improve water quality in the river during low flow. Such a program would improve the operation of the water treatment plants downstream by removing reducing the potential to clog intakes with sediment. 4. The above study merely presented a snapshot of the Krueng Aceh and Krueng Meureubo systems. The samples were taken between a period of low flow and high flow. Water quality analyses make the results somewhat questionable. To get a clearer picture, it is recommended that such a survey be taken on a periodic basis during high flow and low flow. These results can then be compared and conclusions can be drawn on how best to protect the watershed by modifying land use. 5. Work with Sucofino Laboratory to improve their Quality Control and Quality Assurance or send samples to another laboratory. 6. Working with the University of Texas Civil Engineering Department, a digital terrain model and ArcHydro model was produced for the Krueng Aceh watershed. Details of this study are presented in Czekanski et al (2006). This study provides a good basis for numerically evaluating the watershed over time. As changes occur in the watershed due to mining, logging, or urbanization, changes will occur not only in water chemistry but also the flow regime of the river. It is recommended that work continue in modeling the river and what-if scenarios are developed to determine the impacts of changes in the watershed.

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8. REFERENCES BGR, 2005, Electrical Conductivity (EC) of Shallow Groundwater in Banda Aceh City and Aceh Besar District (Feb 2005 data for well 1.6 to 13 meters below ground surface). BGR, 2005, Temperature of Shallow Groundwater in Banda Aceh City and Aceh Besar District (Feb 2005 data for well 1.6 to 13 meters below ground surface). BGR, 2005, pH of Shallow Groundwater in Banda Aceh City and Aceh Besar District (Feb 2005 data for well 1.6 to 13 meters below ground surface). Binnie & Partners, 1986, ACEH DESIGN UNIT – Provincial Water Resources Development Plan Inventory of Water Resources Schemes – Volume 1 Summary, January 1986. Binnie & Partners, 1986, ACEH DESIGN UNIT – Provincial Water Resources Development Plan Inventory of Water Resources Schemes – Volume 2 Existing Situation, January 1986. Brown, Phillip E., 2005, POST-TSUNAMI WATER RESOURCE SCOPING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA, submitted to USAID Environmental Services Project, Jakarta, Indonesia Catholic Relief Services, 2006, Meulaboh Water Quality Database Culshaw, M.G., Sutarto, N. R., Duncan, S. V., and Effendi, A., (not dated), An Engineering Geologic Survey of the Banda Aceh Basin, D.I. Aceh, Sumatra Indonesia. Czekanski A.J. and McKinney, D.C., 2006, “Introduction to Arc-Hydro: ACEH Basin Pilot Study,” CRWR Online Report 06-05, May 2006, CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN WATER RESOURCES, Bureau of Engineering Research ,The University of Texas at Austin, http://www.ce.utexas.edu/centers/crwr/reports/online.html Departeme Enegi Dah Sumberdaya Mineral, 2005, Informasi Geologiling Jungan Untuk Rencana Tata Ruang Regional (Intra Urban) Daerah Aceh Bara Provisi Naggroe Ach Darassalam. (Environmental Geologic Atlas of the Banda Aceh Region). Farr, J.L. and Djaeni, A., 1975, A Reconnaissance Hydrogeological Study of the Krueng Aceh Basin, North Sumatra – Geological survey of Indonesia Engineering Geology – Hydrogeology Division. Hem, John H., 1970, STUDY AND INTERPRETATION OF THE CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL WATER, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1473. IWACO, 1993, Study of Water Sources Allocation for Water Supply for D.I. Aceh Province – Report Aceh Barat – 9 September 1993. IWACO, 1993, Study of Water Sources Allocation for Water Supply for D.I. Aceh Province – Kabupaten Aceh Barat – September 1993

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IWACO, 1993, Study of Water Sources Allocation for Water Supply for D.I. Aceh Province –Kotamadya Banda Aceh Planning of Water Supply Development and Raw Water Sources Allocation – September 1993 Lawrence, a. and Djaeni, 1977, Indonesia – Reconnaissance study of the Groundwater Resources of the Krueng Aceh Basin – N. Sumatra UNICEF, 2005, Database. WaterAction Volunteers, 2003, http://clean-water.uwex.edu/wav/turbidity.pdf Wikipedia, 2006, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_oxygen_demand Wikipedia, 2006, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_oxygen_demand

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9. APPENDICES APPENDIX A SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN APPENDIX B FIELD MANUAL FOR THE COLLECTION OF WATER SAMPLES APPENDIX C WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS METHODS APPENDIX D FLOW MEASUREMENTS APPENDIX E LABORATORY ANALYSES APPENDIX F SPRING PROTECTION POWERPOINT

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APPENDIX A SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN

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SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN FOR GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER SAMPLING KREUNG ACEH BASIN BY PHILLIP E. BROWN AND ASEP MULYANA

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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES...........................................................................................................................59 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................60 LIST OF ACRONYMS.....................................................................................................................61 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................62 1.1. GENERAL.................................................................................................................................................................62 1.2. OBJECTIVE...............................................................................................................................................................62 1.3. APPROACH .............................................................................................................................................................63 2. BACKGROUND ..........................................................................................................................64 2.1. SURFACE WATER ...................................................................................................................................................64 2.2. GROUNDWATER ....................................................................................................................................................67 3. FIELD SURVEYS .........................................................................................................................72 3.1. WATER QUALITY ...................................................................................................................................................72 3.2. POLLUTION SOURCES............................................................................................................................................73 4.

SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN ................................................................................77 4.1. SAMPLING PLAN .....................................................................................................................................................77 4.1.1. Objective ...........................................................................................................................................................................77 4.1.2. Sampling Locations and Frequency............................................................................................................................77 4.1.3. Sampling Procedures .....................................................................................................................................................78 4.1.4. Field Analysis....................................................................................................................................................................78 4.1.5. Quality Control and Quality Assurance (QA/QC)...................................................................................................78 4.1.6. Water Quality Parameters...........................................................................................................................................79 4.2 ANALYSIS PLAN .......................................................................................................................................................83

5. REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................84 6. ANNEXES ....................................................................................................................................85 ANNEX A LABORATORY PROCEDURES .......................................................................................................................85 ANNEX B NGO POLLUTION STUDY SUMMARY ........................................................................................................85

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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2-1: ACEH WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AREAS (IWACO,1993) ........................................................64 FIGURE 2-2: AVERAGE MONTHLY PRECIPITATION - BANDA ACEH (1879 - 1984) .....................................................66 FIGURE 2-3: KRUENG ACEH HYDROGRAPH AT LAMPISANG/TUNONG - YR 2000 .....................................................66 FIGURE 2-4: HYDROGEOLOGIC MAP OF NORTHERN ACEH ..........................................................................................68 FIGURE 2-5 : GENERALIZED HYDROGEOLOGIC COLUMN (IWACO, 1993)...............................................................69 FIGURE 2-6: GENERALIZED CROSS-SECTION OF THE KRUENG ACEH VALL (FARR, J.L. AND DJAENI, A., 1975)......70 FIGURE 3-1 FIELD SURVEY SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND RESULTS .................................................................................74

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LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2-1: KRUENG ACEH CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................................... 65 TABLE 2-2: KRUENG ACEH FLOW CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................................... 65 TABLE 2-3: CHARACTERISTICS OF WELLS COMPLETED IN THE KRUENG ACEH BASIN (IWACO, 1993) ................ 71 TABLE 3-1: RESULTS OF KRUENG ACEH FIELD WATER QUALITY SURVEY ................................................................... 75 TABLE 3-2: POTENTIAL POLLUTION SOURCES IN THE KRUENG ACEH BASIN (MAPAYAH AND PENA, 2005) .... 76 TABLE 4-1: SAMPLING AND FLOW MEASUREMENT SITES ............................................................................................... 77 TABLE 4-2: EXAMPLE SAMPLE AND CHAIN OF CUSTODY FORM OF DUST CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY FORM .................. 80 TABLE 4-3: EXAMPLE SAMPLE AND CHAIN OF CUSTODY FORM OF DUST CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY FORM .................. 81 TABLE 4-4: SUGGESTED WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS ................................................................................................ 82

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LIST OF ACRONYMS BAPEDALDA BGR BMG ESP FAO FDEM. GIS GOI GPS MAPAYAH NGO PeNA PDAM SAP USAID UNICEF WATSAN WHO WRDA

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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. GENERAL This report presents a “Sampling and Analysis Plan” (SAP) for a proposed water quality monitoring program for the Kreung Aceh in Aceh Province, Indonesia. This plan is based on the findings of a preliminary assessment of the Krueng Aceh hydrochemical characteristics. This assessment was performed by Phillip E. Brown and Asep Mulyana for the USAID funded Environmental Service Program (ESP) in November and December, 2005. The assessment took place as part of a defined terms of reference as presented in “Water Resource Development Scoping Study” completed by Phillip Brown in the tsunami ravaged Indonesian province of Aceh in September, 2005. One of the outcomes of this Scoping Study was a concept for the development of a hydrochemical evaluation of the Krueng Aceh. This concept was based on the fact that little is understood about the impacts of irrigation and pollution sources in the Krueng Aceh. The objective of this concept was to initiate a program to evaluate the hydrogeochemical loading (flow and quantity) in the Krueng Aceh and use this information to promote land use and regulatory reforms. Such a program would consist of a program that would measure surface water flows, water levels in wells, analyze water quality samples, and conduct a visual survey of the main stem of the Krueng Aceh.

1.2. OBJECTIVE Prior to completing any large scale monitoring program as conceptualized above, it is important to gain a certain understanding of the hydrologic and hydrochemical aspects of the surface water and groundwater system. This is generally based on a literature survey of existing information and a preliminary evaluation of the basin. This work leads towards the development of a “Sampling and Analysis Plan” that provides details on how and where water quality samples, flow measurements, and groundwater levels are to be taken. The objective of this report is three-fold. The first is to provide background information on surface water and groundwater in the Krueng Aceh Basin. The second is to provide the results of a field parameter (pH, temperature, and specific conductivity) survey of the Krueng Aceh performed by the ESP team as well as to summarize the results of a pollution survey for the entire Krueng Aceh Basin conducted by two NGOs – Masyaraka Penyanang Alam dan ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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Lingkungan Hidup (MAPAYAH) and Peduli Nanggroe Atjeh (PeNA) in October, 2005. Finally, based on the results of these surveys, present a “Sampling and Analysis Plan” for the KruengAceh.

1.3. APPROACH For this assessment, the following approach was taken: 1. A literature survey was completed. In addition, data from other sources including gauging data from Pemerintah Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Dinas Sumber Daya Air (2003), which not collected during the “Water Resources Development Scoping Study” was evaluation. 2. Over a two-day period (22 and 23, November 2005), a four person team consisting of Phillip Brown, Asep Mulyana, Edison, and Ivan completed a field parameter survey of the KruengAceh. The survey began in the upper reaches of the river and continued to its mouth. Water samples were also analyzed for major tributaries. The field measurements were taken in flowing water and measurement points were located using a hand held GPS. 3. A pollution study conducted by MAPAYAH and PeNA was reviewed and summarized. 4. A “Sampling and Analysis Plan” was developed for the proposed sampling effort. 5. A “Field Sampling Manual” was also prepared to ensure that samples are taken consistently. This Manual is presented in Appendix A to this report. 6. Analytical procedures are presented in Appendix B. 7. Local and regional water quality laboratories were visited and evaluated. The following report presents background information on both surface water and groundwater in the Krueng AcehBasin, the results of the preliminary assessment of the water quality of the basin, and finally the “Sampling and Analysis Plan” for surface water and groundwater monitoring.

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2. BACKGROUND 2.1. SURFACE WATER The Krueng Aceh falls within the Aceh Water Resources Development Area 1 (WRDA) as defined in IWACO (1993) and presented in Figure 2-1. Besides the KruengAceh, other watersheds included in WRDA 1 include: Krueng Amagn, Krueng Raya, Krueng Teungku, Krueng Lampanah, Krueng Leungah, Krueng Biheue, Krueng Ale, P. Weh, P. Breheh, and P. Nasi.

Figure 2-1: Aceh Water Resource Development Areas (IWACO,1993)

The Krueng Aceh basin drains the area lying between the northern end of the Bukit Barisan range and the volcanic slopes of Gunung Seulawah. The lower parts of the main basin are characterized by low annual rainfall (< 2000 mm) rising to only 3000 mm in the upper catchment area. As presented in Table 2-1, the catchment area is 1780 km2 with the river having a total length of 113 km. The width of the river varies from 51 m upstream to 57 m at midstream to 60 m at it’s mouth with an average slope of 0.0044 m/m. Approximately 602 million cubic meters of water a year are available. According to Binnie and Partners (1988), at Pasie where the catchment has an area of approximately 1576 km2, the mean annual flow is 47.14 m3/sec with a mean daily maximum flow of 326 m3/sec and mean daily low flow of 8.73 m3/sec (see Table2-2). ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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Debit

Width

Table 2-0-1: Krueng Aceh Characteristics Krueng Aceh Name of the river 113.00 Length (Km) 60.00 Downstream (M) 57.00 Midstream (M) 51.00 Upstream (M) 3 85.20 Max M /Sec 3 10.38 Min M /Sec 3 19.10 Average M /Sec M3/Year (M) (M) (M)

Water Resources Downstream Midstream Upstream

602,337,600.00

Slope (I)

Gauging Station

Years of Record

Area (km2)

Mean Flow (m3/sec)

Mean Daily Max Flow (m3/sec)

Mean Daily Min Flow (m3/sec)

Krueng Aceh

Krueng Jreue Seulimeum Lampisang/Tunong Kp. Darang Pasie

7 9 4 9 3

165 392 675 1078 1576

7.58 18.54 21.30 35.33 47.14

56.40 150.00 177.00 397.00 326.00

0.79 1.96 0.93 3.51 8.73

The average annual rainfall in the Krueng Aceh valley is between 1500 – 3000 mm and is distributed throughout the year as presented in Figure 2-2-. The latest gauging of the Aceh River occurred during the Year 2000 by Departemen Permukiman Dan Pengembangan Wilayah-Kantor Wilayah Pekerjaan Umum Daerah Istimewa Aceh . Figure 2-3 is a hydrograph of the Ache River at Lampisang/Tunong. Data are missing for November and December either because the river was not gauged during these periods or the river stage was higher than the gauge. However, flows as would be expected are closely related to rainfall with high flows occurring during the raining season of December through February with secondary peak flows occurring in April/May and again in September/October.

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250

Rainfall (mm)

200 150 100 50 0 Jan

Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Jul

Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Figure 2-2: Average Monthly Precipitation - Banda Aceh (1879 - 1984)

Figure 2-3: Krueng Aceh Hydrograph at Lampisang/Tunong - Yr 2000

Much of the surface water is used for irrigation. The cropping season is generally defined as follows: Wet Season – Planting August – November Dry Season – Planting February – May

Harvesting January – April Harvesting June – Sept.

Crops grown include: • Sawah – Padi • Tadah hujan - padi • Ladang cloves, mixed, palawija. In 1986, agricultural landuse according to Binnie and Partners (1988) Irrigated sawah Rainfed sawah (tadah hujan) Ladang (rain fed non-sawah)

8,902 ha 20,872 ha 21,140 ha

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Total arable land Total sawah as a proportion of total arable

50,914 ha 58.5%

According to Binnie and Partners (1988), much of the flatter alluvial area of the Krueng Aceh basin is cultivated with rice. However, due to the low rainfall (particularly in the northern sector) and the traditional practice of growing only one rice crop, most existing irrigation schemes operate in the wet season only. A notable exception is the Krueng Jreue scheme irrigating 2440 ha on the left bank of the Krueng Aceh from the Krueng Jreue and Lam Karueng side catchments in the southern part of the basin. This and some smaller schemes in the wetter parts of the basin supply sufficient water to achieve double cropping. Drainage is generally adequate, the only problems occurring in the lower reaches of Krueng Aceh which is subject to the Krueng Aceh flood alleviation scheme. Some brackish water aquaculture was carried out prior to the tsunami at the mouth of the Krueng Aceh. Flow in the Kr Aceh is more than sufficient to irrigate all existing sawah on both its banks. However, the shallow gradient of the Krueng Aceh requires any gravity supply to be diverted more tna 20 km upstream of its potential sawah. Irrigation of 4730 ha of existing rice cultivated land land on the right-bank of Krueng Aceh as a single pumped scheme was proposed but not implemented. The Krueng Aceh Right Bank Irrigation Project has reassessed the viability of the right-bank scheme and has opted for gravity supply from a weir located near Seulimeum. Deforestation has been a major problem in this WRDA and poses an increasing treat for the future. Only some 31% of the Krueng Aceh basin is protected forest with the possibility of only 36% total forest cover in the future if current forestry practices are not amended. Soil erosion is already a problem in the middle region of the Krueng Ache basin. A major part of Gunung Seulawah is being designated as fixed production forest along a total length of 14 km of the watershed. Water used for industries in the Krueng Aceh valley, prior to the tsunami was primarily supply by the PDAMs. In general consumption was low and consisted only 2 major, 3 intermediate, and about 900 small scale operations. Major water users included vulcanized tires, printing, ice, and soft drink manufacturers (IWACO 1993).

2.2. GROUNDWATER The Krueng Aceh Valley is underlain by unconsolidated to semi-consolidated deposits of Quaternary Age. Hydrogeologically, the Krueng Aceh alluvial plain covers an area of about 250 km2 as illustrated on the hydrogeological map (Figure 2-4). Figure 2-5 is a generalized hydrogeologic column describing the hydrogeologic characteristics of the various units underlying the valley as well as the Aceh Region. These units are divided into recent alluvial deposits, Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic aquifers, pre-Tertiary to Quaternary limestone, Tertiary and pre-Tertiary consolidated aquifers, and intrusive and metamorphic rocks of various ages. Figure 2-6 presents a conceptual cross-section of Krueng Aceh Valley and conceptualizes how the plain is bounded on the west by limestone formation and on the east by volcanic rocks.

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Figure 2-4: Hydrogeologic Map of Northern Aceh

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Graphic

Rock Type

Hydrogeologic Unit

Volcanic

Alluvium

Unconsolidated

Semi-consolidated

Quaternary volcanics

Intrusive and metamorphic rocks

Consolidated sediments

Limestones

Tertiary volcanics Quaternary and Tertiary Tertiary pre-Tertiary

Tertiary

pre-Tertiary

No important groundwater resources are present. Groundwater is resisted to local fractured zones. Intrusive rocks

Figure 2-5 : Generalized Hydrogeologic Column (IWACO, 1993)

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Figure 2-6: Generalized Cross-Section of the Krueng Aceh Vall (Farr, J.L. and Djaeni, A., 1975) ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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In the upper portion of Krueng Aceh Basin, the majority of groundwater supply in the valley comes from shallow groundwater. The depth to water is generally less than 2.5 meter below surface level. The water quality is generally poor with high turbidity and salinity, especially in the coastal areas. Work by IWACO (1993) and more recently by BGR (2005) indicates that is an extensive productive aquifer at deeper depths. As presented in Table 2-3, wells drilled to an average depth of 100 have yields up to 20 L/sec. The quality of the deeper groundwater is quite variable with specific conductance ranging between 333 to 2920 µS/cm with higher values in wells near the coast. Table 2-0-3: Characteristics of Wells Completed in the Krueng Aceh Basin (IWACO, 1993) Well No. Owner Depth SWL Yield EC Qs (l/s/m) (m) (mbsl) ( S/cm) 1106030002 1106030010 1106030011 1106030012 1106030013 1106030014 1106050006 1106060003 1106060005 1106090018 1106100014 1106100015 1106100018 1106110001 1106110020 1106110021 1106110022 1106110023 1106110024

P2AT P2AT P2AT P2AT P2AT P2AT SMIK Masyarakat BPAD P2AT Army Army TVR1 Bandara Archived Archived Archived Archived Archived

100 90 90 102 90 110 90.2 125.5 150 102 110 110 90 45 53.5 48 51 69.5 69

11.4 7.1 7.1 6.0 7.8 15.3 Flow 3.2 6 6 7.5 -

20 8.5 10.2 7.0 2.5 1.8 8.6 <0.1 3 10 6.4 7.5 0.1 1.0 -

494 897 1020 796 2920 333 -

0.97 0.75 0.90 0.57 0.15 0.11 0.51 0.18 – 2.75 -

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3. FIELD SURVEYS 3.1. WATER QUALITY On the 22nd and 23rd of November 2005, an ESP team consisting of Phil Brown ,Asep Muryana, Ivan, and Edison conducted a field water quality survey of the Krueng Aceh and several of its tributaries. The survey consisted of using field instruments to measure pH, specific conductance (conductivity or EC), temperature, and making field notes from the upper portions of the Krueng Aceh watershed to it’s mouth. Field parameters were measured at a total of 24 sites. Figure 3-1 presents the sampling locations and the results of the survey. Field notes and results are presented in Table 3-1. These results are summarized as follows: Specific Conductance: This is a measurement of the electroconductivity of water and an indicator of the concentration of total dissolved solids. This because electric current flows in ionized or mineralized water because the ions are electically charged and move toward a current source that will neutralized them. If current is introduced between two electrodes, the positive ions will move toward the negatively charge electrode, whereas the negatively charge ions will move toward the positively charged electrode. Specific conductance is defined as the conductance of a cubic centimeter of any substance compared with the conductance of the same volume of water. Chemically pure water has very low conductance. In general, specific conductance multiplied by a factor between 0.55 to 0.75 (about 0.66) gives a reasonable estimate of total dissolved solids for water. The World Health Organization recommends that total dissolved solids be less than 600 mg/L for palatability. There are no Indonesian standards. Overall the Krueng Aceh waters appear to be of good quality with low specific conductance and total dissolved solids. Water samples ranged between 70 µS/cm at the head waters of Krueng Inong which the water source for the town of Jantho in the southwest corner of the basin to 550 µS/cm on the Krueng Agam just before it enters the Krueng Aceh. A Specific Conductance measured at the headwaters of the Krueng Agam was 140 µS/cm. Along the main stem of the Krueng Aceh (Point 17) to Peunayong Bridge (Point 25), specific conductance gradually increased from 230 µS/cm to 330 µS/cm. Using a factor of 0.66 to convert specific conductance to total dissolved solids, all samples were acceptable for WHO drinking water recommendations for palatability. However, there may be sources of water high in total dissolved solids in the Krueng Agam from either natural or man made sources and theses sources should be investigated. pH: pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the inverse of the hydrogen ion concentration or pH = Log 1/H+ . This particular equation is used because the actual number of ions is very small. The pH range is from 0 to 14 with a pH value of 7 indicating a neutral solution in which H+ and OH- have the same concentration. A pH less than 7 indicates an acid solution and pH greater than 7 indicates an alkaline solution. The current drinking water standard for pH in Indonesia is a range of pH standard values between 6.5 and 8.5 std. units. The pH for the Krueng Aceh ranged between 7.6 and 8.2. These high values are within the Indonesian Standards. The high values indicate the influence of mineralization for limestone and volcanic bedrock draining into the Krueng Aceh river system. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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Temperature: Temperature is very important and influences both pH and specific conductance readings. It is also an indicator of pollution. Polluted discharges either increase or decrease temperatures in water bodies. Extreme charges in temperature along a reach of a river is an indicator that a discharge of other waters may be occurring. These waters could be a groundwater discharge in the form of a spring, the inflow of a tributary or a pollution source. There are no standards for temperature for drinking water in Indonesia. For the Krueng Aceh system, waters ranged between 22.6oC in the headwaters of Krueng Inong to 27.2 oC for the Krueng Agam just before it enters the Krueng Aceh. From Point 17 to Point 26, the main stem of the Krueng Aceh ranges from 25.6 oC at Point 17 to 26.8 oC at Point 25 (Peunayong Bridge). Higher temperatures with higher conductivities in the Krueng Agam and at the Peunayong Bridge deserve a closer look otherwise the changes in temperature are in general within a few degrees.

3.2. POLLUTION SOURCES In October, 2005, two NGOs - Masyaraka Penyanang Alam dan Lingkungan Hidup (MAPAYAH) and Peduli Nanggroe Atjeh (PeNA) conducted a survey of pollutions sources in the Krueng Aceh basin. The results of this survey are presented in Table 4-2 and indicate that sources included areas of high sediment yield due to deforestation, solid waste dumps, sand and gravel operations and non-point sources from agriculture. Each of these has the potential to contaminate surface water and groundwater resources. However, due to the limited number of parameters the extent of contamination from these sources cannot be determined at this time. It is felt that detailed analysis of water samples taken from the sampling locations selected during the preliminary investigation would give an indication of the impacts of these sources on the overall water quality of the basin. A more detail summary of this study is presented in Appendix C. .

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Table 3-0-1: Results of Krueng Aceh Field Water Quality Survey No

Location/River’s

Coordinate

Deforestation

7.8

22.6

Top River Krueng Inong -

Elementary School

Krueng Inong

7.8

180

24.5

Krueng Inong

8.1

200

25.2

7.8

520

27.2

Jointing Krueng Agam River and Krueng Inong River Saree

N 05o 15’ 04.5” E 95o 35’ 51.8” N 05o 14’ 57.6” E 95o 34’ 47.0” N 05o 16’ 03.6” E 95o 36’ 03.4” N 05o 16’ 25.3” E 95o 35’ 56.8” N 05o 17’ 13.1” E 95o 35’ 52.8” N 05o 22’ 00.0” E 95o 34’ 15.6” N 05o 22’ 07.5” E 95o 34’ 24.0”

Jantho Water Reservoir area Krueng Inong Jantho Water Reservoir Fish pond construction

8.1

140

21.5

Saree

8.0

140

21.5

Top River Krueng Agam Top River Krueng Agam

Krueng Agam

8.2

550

27.2

Seulimum water reservoir

8.2

340

26.6

Krueng Aceh River

8.1

290

26.8

Sub-Krueng Aceh

7.7

420

26.4

Krueng Keumireu

7.7

170

25.9

Krueng Keumireu

7.9

170

24.6

Gauge water station Krueng Keumireu Krueng Aceh River

N 05o 27’ 09.4” E 95o 41’ 48.2” N 05o 27’ 10.3” E 95o 34’ 52.0” N 05o 21’ 27.9” E 95o 35’ 51.8” N 05o 22’ 17.7” E 95o 33’ 45.2” N 05o 23’ 06.5” E 95o 31’ 37.1” N 05o 23’ 00.8” E 95o 31’ 27.4” N 05o 23’ 47.9” E 95o 29’ 28.7” N 05o 21’ 27.7” E 95o 29’ 44.2” N 05o 21’ 22.8” E 95o 29’ 43.1” N 05o 24’ 11.8” E 95o 29’ 29.2” N 05o 22’ 18.8” E 95o 25’ 58.6” N 05o 24’ 36.7” E 95o 27’ 07.2” N 05o 24’ 47.2” E 95o 26’ 45.5” N 05o 28’ 10.5” E 95o 23’ 39.5” N 05o 29’ 38.3” E 95o 22’ 25.8” N 05o 31’ 06.0” E 95o 21’ 43.1”

7.8

230

25.6

8.2

280

24.1

8.2

290

25.2

8.0

270

25.9

8.0

280

26.4

7.9

280

26.3

8.0

280

26.6

N 05o 31’ 08.5” E 95o 21’ 45.4”

8.0

280

26.5

N 05o 33’ 13.1” E 95o 19’ 14.4” N 05o 33’ 37.1” E 95o 19’ 06.6” N 05o 33’ 11.4” E 95o 19’ 58.4”

7.6

230

26.1

7.7

330

26.8

7.9

280

26.6

17 18 19

Krueng Jreue water reservoir Krueng Jreue River

Krueng Aceh River

Montasik Bridge Downstream Aceh River Lubuk Bridge Downstream Aceh River Up-Lambaro Rubber Reservoir Downstream Aceh River Bellow-Lambaro Rubber Reservoir Downstream Aceh River Pente Pirak Bridge Downstream Aceh River Peunayong Bridge Downstream Aceh River Beurawe Bridge Downstream Aceh River

22 23 24 25 26 27

Conductivity (µ S)

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Temperature (o C)

Notes

Top of river November 23,05 -

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Table 3-0-2: Potential Pollution Sources in the Krueng Aceh Basin (MAPAYAH and PeNA, 2005) No

Location/River’s

Up-stream krueng Jreu Krueng Inong Jantho

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Coordinate

Conductivity (µ S)

N 05°22’20,6” E 95°25’15,6”. N 05°14’52,6” E 95°35’43,1”. Sub-Krueng Inong N 05°15’04,6” Jantho E 95°35’51,9”. Up-stream krueng N 05°22’20,3” Jreu E 95°25’19,4” Sub-krueng Jreu N 05°22’19,0” E 95°25’19,7”. Sub-krueng Jreu N 05°22’20,6” E 95°25’19,6”. N 05°19’25,5” E 95°35’49,5” Krueng Aceh N 05°30’24,1” E 95°21’41,5” Seulimum Traditional N 05°23’45,5” E 95°41’31,7” market Saree Traditional N 05°21’58,1” market E 95°40’49,2” Krueng Aceh N 05°24’43,3” E 95°27’05,6”. PLTD Lueng Bata

N 05°32’20,7” E 95°20’32,3”.

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Temperature (o C)

Notes Deforestation Deforestation Deforestation Deforestation Quarry Quarry Stone Crusher Garbage Disposal Garbage Disposal Garbage Disposal Rice Field Water Waste discharge Diesel-Water Waste Discharge

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4. SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN 4.1. SAMPLING PLAN 4.1.1. OBJECTIVE The objective of the Sampling Plan is to develop standardized procedures for the sampling of water samples taken along the Main Stem of the Krueng Aceh River and it’s tributaries in Aceh Province, Indonesia. These procedures will be used throughout the hydrochemical investigation. As conditions warrant, modifications to this plan will be made.

4.1.2. SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND FREQUENCY This sampling program will take place on a one-time basis in the later part of August and the early part of September, 2006. All sampling will be done on the main stem of Krueng Aceh and its tributaries. In addition, samples will be taken from springs and rivers on the north coast which are being used for water supply. Basic water quality (WQ) analyses will be performed on each sample with pesticides (P) analyses being done on selected samples. Flow measurement will also be done at select sites. Table 4-1 presents a detailed list of sites. Table 4-0-1: Sampling and Flow Measurement Sites Feature No 1 KI-1 2

KI-2

Location/River’s Name Krueng Inong Jantho Water Reservoir Krueng Inong River

KM-1

Krueng Mountala

KAG-1

Saree – Kr Agam

KAG-2

Krueng Agam

KAC-1

KK-1

KJ-1

Seulimum water reservoir Gauge water station Krueng Keumireu Krueng Jreue River

KAC-2

KAC-3

KAC-4

KAC-5

KR-1

KG-1

GT-1

ML-1

Lubuk Bridge Downstream Aceh River Pente Pirak Bridge Downstream Aceh River Peunayong Bridge Downstream Aceh River Beurawe Bridge Downstream Aceh River Krueng Raba Krueng geupu Gle Taroh Spring Mata le Spring

Coordinate

N 05o 14’ 57.6” E 95o 34’ 47.0” N 05o 22’ 07.5” E 95o 34’ 24.0” N05o 16' 21.9" E095o 32' 36.3" N 05o 27’ 09.4” E 95o 41’ 48.2” N 05o 21’ 27.9” E 95o 35’ 51.8” N 05o 22’ 17.7” E 95o 33’ 45.2” N 05o 21’ 22.8” E 95o 29’ 43.1” N 05o 24’ 36.7” E 95o 27’ 07.2” N 05o 29’ 38.3” E 95o 22’ 25.8” N 05o 33’ 13.1” E 95o 19’ 14.4” N 05o 33’ 37.1” E 95o 19’ 06.6” N 05o 33’ 11.4” E 95o 19’ 58.4” N 05 o 27’ 38.1” E 95 o 15’ 41.3” N05o 22' 04.3" E095o 17' 02.2" N05o 29' 48,9" E095o 17' 02.2" N05o 29' 49.8" E095o 17' 44.7"

√

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√ √

Flow

√ √

√ √ √

Notes Top River Krueng Inong Upstream from confluence with Krueng Agam Intake of PDAM/THW scheme Top River Krueng Agam

√ √

√

√ √

√

√ √ √

√

Lhok Nye – proposed ESP/THW intake Intake of THW wS shceme

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA

4.1.3. SAMPLING PROCEDURES Wells and surface water resources will be sampled in accordance to the sampling methodologies present in Appendix A.(Surface Water and Groundwater Sampling Field Manual). In general for sampling, the following procedures will be used: 1. The locations of wells and surface water monitoring sites will be located with GPS in the field andl marked on a map and in the field so that sampling takes at the same location each time. 2. Samples to be analyzed for dissolved trace metals will be filtered in the field through a 0.45 micron filter. The samples will be placed in borosilicate glass, linear polyethylene, polypropylene, or Teflon bottles that have been pre-washed with detergent and tap water, and rinsed with 1:1 nitric acid and tap water or 1:1 hydrochloric acid and tap water. 3. In addition, a non-filtered sample will be taken for analysis. 4. All samples will be preserved appropriately, placed on ice and kept at 4o C and transported to the laboratory.

4.1.4. FIELD ANALYSIS Water samples will be analyzed in the field for pH, Eh, specific conductance, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and salinity. At surface water flow sites, flow measurements will be either directly taken or estimated by staff gauges and calibrated rating curves. Water levels will be recorded for all wells sampled. Details for these procedures are presented in Appendix A (Surface Water and Groundwater Sampling Field Manual). As presented in Appendix A, in the field, forms will be filled out in detail presenting: 1. Name of sampler 2. Date and time when the sample was taken. 3. General site and weather conditions 4. Values for field parameters. It should be noted that the Field Manual is generic in nature. Once sampling begins changes may be made depending on field conditions. If so the manual should be updated accordingly.

4.1.5. QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA/QC) At least one duplicate sample to test the accuracy of the laboratory. In addition, at least one sample will be sent to a second laboratory for analysis. With each sample run, a blank sample will be sent to the laboratory for analysis. The samples, duplicates, and blanks will be sent to a qualified laboratory for total and dissolved lead, cadmium, antimony, selenium, and arsenic. Lab results and field monitoring results will be presented for ESP review. To protect the integrity of the sampling process with each round of sampling and to ensure samples are not tampered with chain-of-custody forms as presented in Tables 4-1 for surface water samples and 4-2 for groundwater samples will be filled out with each round of sampling. Each person who handles the samples will be expected to sign and date the form as he or she gives or receives the samples.

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4.1.6. WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS Table 4-3 presents a list of recommended water quality parameters. For the most part, this list is based on Indonesian Drinking Water Standards, however, additional parameters have been included for major anions and cations as well as trace metals and pesticides which will give and indication of non-point pollution sources. There is a possibility that field water quality kits may be available at the time of sampling for various pesticides. If available, the sampling manual will be changed accordingly.

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Table 4-0-2: Example Sample and Chain of Custody Form of Dust Chain-of-Custody Form

Field Sampling Form for Surface Water Samples Name of Inspector_________________________________________ Name of Property Owner____________________________________ Property Address__________________________________________ Sample Number

Location

Time of Sampling

Field Parameters pH (std units)

EC (mmhos/cm)

Temp (oC)

Salinity (mg/l)

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES RECORDER ON THIS PAGE:_____________

Date of Sample Collection: __/__/ Shipped by __________________ Shipped by __________________ Shipped by __________________ Shipped by __________________

Received by:_____________________ Received by:_____________________ Received by:_____________________ Received by:_____________________

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Table 4-0-3: Example Sample and Chain of Custody Form of Dust Chain-of-Custody Form

Field Sampling Form for Groundwater Samples Name of Inspector_________________________________________ Name of Property Owner____________________________________ Property Address__________________________________________ Sample Number

Well Number

Time

Water Level/Depth (mbgs)

pH (std units)

Field Parameters EC Temp (mmhos/cm) (oC)

Total number of samples recorder on this page:_____________ Date of Sample Collection: __/__/ Shipped by __________________ Shipped by __________________ Shipped by __________________ Shipped by __________________

Received by:_____________________ Received by:_____________________ Received by:_____________________ Received by:_____________________

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Salinity (mg/l)

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Table 4-0-4: Suggested Water Quality Parameters Parameter

Units

Water Quality Stds

pH Std. Units Odor Total Alkalinity mg/L Turbidity NTU o Temperature C Oil Sheen Visual Color mg/L Mercury (Hg) mg/L Arsenic (As) mg/L Iron (Fe) mg/L Fluoride (F) mg/L Cadmium (Cd) mg/L Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) mg/L Chloride (Cl) mg/L Hexavalent Chrome (Cr+6) mg/L Manganese (Mg) mg/L Nitrate (NO3) mg/L Nitrate (NO2) mg/L pH Std Units Zinc (Zn) mg/L Cyanide (CN) mg/L Sulfate (SO4) mg/L Lead (Pb) mg/L Detergent mg/L Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) mg/L Copper (Cu) mg/L Chlorine mg/L Ammonia (NH4) mg/L Total Suspended Solids mg/L Total Phosphate (PO-4)* mg/L Carbonate (CO2-)* mg/L Bicarbonate (HCO3-)* mg/L Total Alkalinity* mg/L Salinity* mg/L Total Dissolved Solids* mg/L Potassium (K)* mg/L Calcium (Ca)* mg/L Chlordane* µg/L Atrazine* µg/L * Not normally analyzed for drinking water supplies

Location

6.5 – 8.5 NA NA 1,000

Field Field Field Field Field

15 0.001 0.01 0.3 1.5 0.003 500 250 0.05 0.1 50 3 6.5 – 8.5 3 0.07 250 0.01 0.05 0.05 1.0 0.6 -1.0

Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory Laboratory

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4.2 ANALYSIS PLAN Analyses of samples shall be done in accordance to acceptable laboratory methodologies as presented in Appendix B of this Plan. Throughout the laboratory analysis process proper QA/QC protocols as outlined in Appendix B shall be followed. The preliminary results of analyses shall presented to ESP for review prior to finalization.

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5. REFERENCES Binnie & Partners, 1986, ACEH DESIGN UNIT – Provincial Water Resources Development Plan Inventory of Water Resources Schemes – Volume 1 Summary, January 1986. Binnie & Partners, 1986, ACEH DESIGN UNIT – Provincial Water Resources Development Plan Inventory of Water Resources Schemes – Volume 2 Existing Situation, January 1986. Farr, J.L. and Djaeni, A., 1975, A Reconnaissance Hydrogeological Study of the Krueng Aceh Basin, North Sumatra – Geological survey of Indonesia Engineering Geology – Hydrogeology Division. Departemen Permukiman Dan Pengembangan Wilayah-Kantor Wilayah Pekerjaan Umum Daerah Istimewa Aceh, 2000, DATA DEBIT SUNGAI PROPINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA ACEH TAHUN 2000. Driscoll, Fletcher G., 2003, GROUNDWATER AND WELLS MAPAYAH AND PeNA, 2005, SURVEY AWAL KONDISI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI KRUENG ACEH, 12 – 23 October 2005 IWACO, 1993, Study of Water Sources Allocation for Water Supply for D.I. Aceh Province – Report Aceh Barat – 9 Septerber 1993. IWACO, 1993, Study of Water Sources Allocation for Water Supply for D.I. Aceh Provice – Kabupaten Aceh Barat – September 1993 IWACO, 1993, Study of Water Sources Allocation for Water Supply for D.I. Aceh Provice – Kotamadya Banda Aceh Planning of Water Supply Development and Raw Water Sources Allocation – September 1993 Pemerintah Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Dinas Sumber Daya Air, 2003, DATA SATUAN WILAYAH SUNGAI, SWS 01.01–SWS01.08.

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6. ANNEXES Annex A Laboratory Procedures Annex B NGO Pollution Study Summary

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Annex A Laboratory Procedures Determination

Sample Container

Acidity or Alkalinity BOD Boron Bromide Carbon, Total Organic Carbon Dioxide COD Chloride Chlorine (residual) Chlorine dioxide Chlorophyll Chromium VI Colour Conductivity, pH Cyanide, Total Dissolved Solids Fluoride Halogenated Solvents Hardness Hydrazine Iodine Metals (General) Nitrogen Ammoniacal Nitrogen Nitrate Nitrogen Nitrate & Nitrite Nitrogen Nitrite Nitrogen Organic Odour Oil and Grease Organo Phosphorus Ozone PAHs PCBs Pesticides

Plastic or Glass Plastic or Glass Plastic Plastic or Glass Plastic or Glass Plastic or Glass Plastic or Glass Glass Plastic or glass Plastic or glass Glass Plastic Glass Glass Plastic Glass Plastic Glass Glass Glass Glass Plastic Glass Glass Glass Glass Plastic or Glass Glass Glass Glass Glass Glass Glass Glass

Phenols Phosphate, Sulphate Sulphide

Glass Glass Glass

Surface Active Agents (Ionic) Surface Active Agents (non-ionic)

Glass Glass

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Preservative None None None None HCl to pH <2 None H2SO4 to pH <2 None None None None None None None NaOH to pH>12 None None None HNO3 to pH <2 HCL to 1M None HNO3 to pH <2 H2SO4 to pH <2 None H2SO4 to pH <2 None H2SO4 to pH <2 None H2SO4 to pH <2 None None None None Ascorbic Acid if residual chlorine is present H2SO4 to pH <2 None Zinc Acetate & NAOH to pH 12 H2SO4 to pH <2 40% Formaldehyde to 1% solution

Filtration Required? Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No

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Annex B NGO Pollution Study Summary

PRELIMINARY POLLUTION SURVEY KRUENG ACEH, NANGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM PROVINCE BY : NGO’s MASYARAKAT PENYAYANG ALAM DAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP (MAPAYAH) PEDULI NANGGROE ATJEH (PENA)

MASYARAKAT PENYAYANG ALAM DAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP

PEDULI NANGGROE ATJEH (PENA)

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Krueng Aceh or Aceh River is the bigest and largest river in Nangroe Aceh Darussalam Province. The water resources this river coming from some significant tributaries, such as : • • • •

Sub DAS Krueng Jreu. Sub DAS Krueng Keumireu (Cot Glie area and vicinity). Sub DAS Krueng Inong (Jantho area and vicinity). Sub DAS Kr. Agam/Buga (Seulimum area and vicinity).

The PDAM (The Local Water Supply Compny) is pumping and used the Krueng Aceh water resources for water raw material to supply for all costumer, also the local people using the water resouces for others purpose such as; for rice field irrigation, aqua culture activities, industries, pactories and others used. For understanding the real condition and identify the set of the problems, then conducted the preliminary river survey are included some tributaries; sub-DAS Lambaro and vicinity, Sub-DAS Krueng Jreu (ndrapuri and vicinity), ub-DAS Krueng Keumireu (Cot Glie and vicinity), Sub-DAS Krueng Inong (Jantho and vicinity), Sub-DAS Krueng Agam/Buga (Seulimum and Saree and vicinity).

FIELD FOUNDED ACTIVITIES Field finding shown that almost upper stream the Krueng Aceh was critical by uncontrolled activities, and moreover founded the small river was dry. A. Illegal Logging And Forest Fires Are Found At : • • •

Illegang logging are founded at embankment of upper stream of Krueng Jreu coordinate N 05°22’20,6” E 095°25’15,6” and Sub-DAS krueng Inong, Janthoe, coordinate N 05°14’52,6” E 095°35’43,1”. In some cases the illegal logging at embankment river caused landslide and river abrassion. People ignited or burn the forest or bushes during preparation for cultivation or during hunting. Forest or bushes fires found at Sub-DAS Krueng Inong, coordinate N 05°15’04,6” E 095°35’51,9” and Sub-DAS krueng Jreu, coordinate N 05°22’20,3” E 095°25’19,4” also in Sub-DAS krueng Kemireu.

B. Quarry mine (regolith) activities which are take place nearby the embankment of the river and in stream river; • •

Quarry mine nearby Sub-DAS Krueng Jreu, coordinate N 05°22’19,0” E 095°25’19,7”. Quarry mine in stream river of krueng Jreu, N 05°22’20,6” E 095°25’19,6”. And almost along in every river found the quarry activities.

C. Solid waste (domestic waste), the leachet from the domestic waste very possible polluted the surface or groundwater resources. • • •

Solid waste disposal nearby the krueng Aceh, coordinate N 05°30’24,1” E 095°21’41,5” Seulimum traditional market which disposed nearby embankment of the Krueng Seulimum, coordinate N 05°23’45,5” E 095°41’31,7” Saree traditional market, coordinate N 05°21’58,1” E 095°40’49,2”

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D. Waste water from ricefield and diesel power plant •

The farmer used huge volume number of herbiced, pesticide and insecticide to increase the harvest. Discharge waste water which was polluted by the chemical component that could be pollurte the river water resources. Coordinate water discharge from ricefield N 05°24’43,3” E 095°27’05,6” and discharge from diesel power plant which was polluted by hydrocarbon, coordinate N 05°32’20,7” E 095°20’32,3”.

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APPENDIX B FIELD MANUAL FOR THE COLLECTION OF WATER SAMPLES

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 92 2. PREPARATION FOR THE FIELD...................................................................................... 93 2.1. LOGISTICS ....................................................................................................................................................... 93 2.2. SITE HISTORY ................................................................................................................................................. 93 2.3. EQUIPMENT AND FIELD PREPARATION ........................................................................................................ 93 2.4. SITE INFORMATION ........................................................................................................................................ 93 2.5. DOCUMENTATION AND REFERENCE MATERIALS ....................................................................................... 94 2.6. SAMPLING EQUIPMENT .................................................................................................................................. 94 2.7. FIELD MEASUREMENTS AND EQUIPMENT .................................................................................................... 94 2.8. DECONTAMINATION EQUIPMENT................................................................................................................ 94 2.9. SAMPLE PRESERVATION AND SHIPPING ....................................................................................................... 95 2.10. TOOLS AND MISCELLANEOUS.................................................................................................................... 95 2.11. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................................... 95 3. FIELD PARAMETER MEASUREMENT ............................................................................. 96 3.1. TEMPERATURE ................................................................................................................................................ 96 3.2. SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (CONDUCTIVITY AND ELECTRIC CONDUCTANCE)........................................ 96 3.3. PH ................................................................................................................................................................... 97 3.4. TURBIDITY ...................................................................................................................................................... 98 3.5. DISSOLVED OXYGEN ..................................................................................................................................... 98 3.6. COLOR ........................................................................................................................................................... 98 3.7. ODOR ............................................................................................................................................................. 98 3.8. EH (OXIDATION-REDUCTION POTENTIAL)................................................................................................. 99 3.9. OTHER WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENTS ................................................................................................. 99 4. SAMPLE COLLECTION ................................................................................................... 100 4.1. TECHNIQUES TO PREVENT SAMPLE CONTAMINATION ............................................................................. 100 4.2. FIELD RINSING EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................................................... 101 4.3. SURFACE-WATER SAMPLE COLLECTION AT FLOWING-WATER AND STILL-WATER SITES .................... 101 4.4. GROUNDWATER SAMPLING ....................................................................................................................... 104 4.5. SAMPLE FILTRATION .................................................................................................................................... 104 4.6. SAMPLE PRESERVATION................................................................................................................................ 105 4.7. SAMPLE BOTTLE LABELING AND FILLING PROCEDURES ........................................................................... 106 4.7.1. Procedures for Filling Sample Containers......................................................................................................107 4.7.2. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) .............................................................................................................108 4.7.3. Inorganics...............................................................................................................................................................108 4.7.4. Other Sample Parameters ................................................................................................................................108 4.8. SAMPLE HANDLING AND STORAGE ........................................................................................................... 109 5. QUALITY ASSURANCE/ QUALITY CONTROL .......................................................... 110 5.1. QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES .................................................................................................................... 110 5.1.1. Field Blank (field rinsate blank, decontamination blank, equipment blank) .............................110 5.1.2. Field Duplicate......................................................................................................................................................110 5.1.3. Field Split Samples ..............................................................................................................................................110 5.2. EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION.............................................................................................................. 110 5.3. SAMPLE TRACKING, SECURITY AND CHAIN OF CUSTODY PROCEDURES ....................................... 111 5.3.1. Shipping Custody Seal ........................................................................................................................................112 5.3.2. Chain of Custody Record...................................................................................................................................112

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1. INTRODUCTION This manual is intended to be guide for field operations as well as one that could be used for training personnel. This manual is divided into four parts which are described as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Preparation for the field. Field Parameter Measurement Sample Collection Quality control and quality assurance

As procedures are modified or if field equipment changes, this manual should be updated accordingly.

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2. PREPARATION FOR THE FIELD Preparation for the field is one of the most important processes in sampling. If done correctly, it can save time and money. Prior to going to the field, it is important that you are trained, you have the necessary information for the project, you have the tools to do the job, and the field equipment is calibrated and working properly. In preparation for the field the following items should be packed and ready to go. All the following procedures may not be necessary for each sampling event. Use those procedures applicable to your sampling plan or customize this list.

2.1. LOGISTICS Arrange for site access. Arrange transportation

2.2. SITE HISTORY Review past water quality data and earlier work done at the site.

2.3. EQUIPMENT AND FIELD PREPARATION Review the PA and QA/QC plan. Organize equipment Check that equipment is in good working condition: • • • • •

Test and recharge/replace batteries as necessary. Test the equipment with tap water or calibration standards. Inspect the equipment for defects, loose bolts, frayed wiring, etc. Check the instruments' ability to calibrate and function properly. Check that all equipment is properly decontaminated and stored for transport.

2.4. SITE INFORMATION Directions to the site and site access roads/site access keys Contact names, addresses and phone numbers Site map showing sampling locations Calculator and/or purge volume conversion tables

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2.5. DOCUMENTATION AND REFERENCE MATERIALS Sampling Field Manual Sampling and analysis plan (SAP) and QA/QC plan Specific Field Sheet and Field Procedures Documentation sheet Field note book and waterproof pens Clipboard with waterproof cover Chain of custody forms and other sample tracking forms Camera and film

2.6. SAMPLING EQUIPMENT Plastic sheet or equivalent ground cover Sample bottles, thief, isokinetic sampler or other sampler and accessories (inert material) Sampling pump and accessories (inert material) Cable or rope (no cotton or cloth) and tripod Calibrated buckets Waterproof grease markers or pens (SharpiesTM are a potential source of VOCs) Sample containers (provided by lab) - bring extra, and water proof labels/tags QA/QC sample bottles Sample transfer containers and wide mouth funnel Filtering apparatus and all accessories Filter membranes (0.45 micron) and pre-filters, or Disposable in-line filters

2.7. FIELD MEASUREMENTS AND EQUIPMENT Thermometer or temperature instrument Conductivity meter and calibration standards (KCl) pH meter, buffer solutions (pH 4, 7 and 10) and beakers Dissolved oxygen meter and membrane replacement kit and/or Eh meter Turbidity meter All meters fully charged and operational; spare batteries Closed flow through cell Squirt bottles filled with reagent grade water

2.8. DECONTAMINATION EQUIPMENT Non-phosphate cleaner and scrub brushes Wash and rinse tubs or buckets and wastewater containers Laboratory reagent grade water (two gallons is usually sufficient) Clean containers to transport equipment

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2.9. SAMPLE PRESERVATION AND SHIPPING Sample preservatives, transfer pipettes and pH paper Coolers sufficiently large to hold all samples, including QA/QC samples Crushed or cubed ice (frozen cold packs discouraged, need temp. blank) Bubble wrap, ZiplockTM bags or equivalent to protect sample containers

2.10. TOOLS AND MISCELLANEOUS Adjustable wrench, screw drivers, hammer, scissors, knife, duct tape, etc. Plastic garbage bags for contaminated waste Bailer retrieval device (e.g., weighted hook) Drum bung wrench and racket socket set (typ. 15/16” socket for 55 gallon drums)

2.11. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Safety glasses and/or splash shield Mask Overalls Inner and outer gloves (compatible for contaminants) Hard hat and steel toed boots Air monitoring equipment First aid kit and eye wash kit

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3. FIELD PARAMETER MEASUREMENT Prior to filtration and filling of sample bottles, the raw water should be measured for field parameters such as conductivity, temperature, pH, turbidity, redox potential and dissolved oxygen. Field analysis could be complete using a variety of field instruments which are designed specifically for taking field measurements. Operating instructions and calibration procedures for these instruments should be review and studied prior to going into the field. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for your instrument and familiarize yourself with the methodology in the most recent version of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. The following presents general instructions for use of these meters in the field. Take in-field measurements immediately, or less preferably, within 30 minutes of collection. Avoid exposing instruments and samples to extreme heat or cold. Specific conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen and Eh can change rapidly due to aeration, oxidation and the loss or gain of dissolved gasses as you remove the water sample from the river or stream. Minimize atmospheric contact with the sample.

3.1. TEMPERATURE 1. Place the thermometer or probe into a closed flow-through cell or sample bottle and allow the purge water to continuously flow past the thermometer or probe. If you use a sample bottle, allow the water to overflow while measuring temperature. 2. Allow the thermometer or probe to equilibrate with the water for a minute or more, then record the temperature. Do not remove the thermometer or probe from the water when taking the reading. 3. Decontaminate the thermometer or probe and store properly.

3.2. SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (CONDUCTIVITY AND ELECTRIC CONDUCTANCE) Measure specific conductance before pH (unless using a flow-through cell). In addition, as specific conductance is a temperature sensitive measurement, adjust readings to 25o C. 1. Calibrate the conductivity instrument and probe against a standard potassium chloride (KCl) solution. Do this in the field, or less preferably, in the laboratory. Calibrate the instrument according to the manufacturer's instructions. Recalibrate at least daily; more often is recommended and prudent. Record calibration data. 2. If required, set the instrument to the anticipated range for measurement (e.g., x100 mhos/cm (mS/cm)). ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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3. 4.

If your instrument automatically compensates for temperature, record the measurement as "field specific conductance at 25o C." Don't forget to multiply the measurement by the range at which the instrument is set. If your instrument does not automatically compensate for temperature, measure the temperature of the sample and set the instrument's temperature dial to the sample temperature. Record the measurement as the "field specific conductance at 25o C." Don't forget to multiply the measurement by the range at which the instrument is set. If your instrument cannot compensate for temperature, apply a correction factor as specified in the manufacturer's instructions or by using the following formula: specific conductance @ 25oC = sample conductivity ( mhos/cm) 1 + 0.0191 x (sample temp. in oC - 25)

Note: Conductivity meters that do not automatically correct readings to 25o C usually include a conversion table or chart for correcting data to 25o C. 6.

Decontaminate the electrode and store properly.

Note: Most problems related to collecting poor conductivity data include: weak batteries; fouling of the electrode (chemical cleaning may be necessary); insufficient submersion of the probe into the sample; allowing the probe to touch the container walls; improper or no instrument calibration; not allowing the probe to equalize with the sample temperature; and improperly or not converting readings to 25o C.

3.3. PH 1.

2. 3. 4. 5.

Calibrate the pH instrument with pH buffer solutions that span the range of expected water sample pH values. Two fresh pH buffer solutions (7.00 and 4.00 or 7.00 and 10.00) having temperatures within 5o C of the samples are required for instrument calibration. Properly fill the probe with a salt solution, if required. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for the procedures and frequency of instrument calibration. Calibrate the instrument at least daily; more often is recommended and prudent. Record calibration data. Place the calibrated pH probe into a closed flow-through cell and allow the purge water to continuously flow past the probe. If you measure pH from a sample container, fill a container for this measurement only. Do not insert a pH probe into a sample that will later be analyzed for other parameters. Allow the pH probe to equilibrate with the water for a minute or more, then record pH. Do not remove the pH probe from the water while taking the reading. Read pH measurements to the nearest 0.1 pH units. Rinse the pH probe with reagent grade water and store in the buffer solution or as recommended by the equipment's manufacturer.

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3.4. TURBIDITY Measure the turbidity of a sample the same day you collect it, preferably in the field immediately after collection. If you cannot measure sample turbidity soon after collection, you may store samples in the dark for up to 24 hours before measuring turbidity. Shake the sample vigorously before measuring. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater discusses interferences and procedures for measuring turbidity. 1. Use a turbidity meter according to the manufacturer's instructions. Read turbidity to the nearest 0.1 Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) and record your measurement. In addition, provide this measurement to the laboratory if any samples will be analyzed for metals. 2. When you do not use a turbidity meter, describe the turbidity (e.g., slight, moderate) and record your observations or have a laboratory determine sample turbidity within 24 hours of sample collection.

3.5. DISSOLVED OXYGEN You can measure dissolved oxygen (DO) with an electrometric method (dissolved oxygen meter), colorimetric method, the Winkler method, or with the iodometric method. (See most recent version of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.) Dissolved oxygen meters usually require calibration before use and a visual check of the probe to verify that the membrane is not damaged.To function properly, most DO probes require that water continuously flow past the membrane while measurements are being taken. Therefore, use either a DO probe equipped with a circulator or, less preferably, slowly raise and lower the probe in the water column while taking readings. If your DO meter is not responding as expected or is very sluggish, you may need to change the probe's membrane; follow the manufacturer's instructions for doing this.

3.6. COLOR 1. Note the color against a white background. If filtering is required, note the color after filtering. Document whether you noted sample color for a filtered or nonfiltered sample. 2. Describe the color by common descriptors (e.g., light gray), or use an industryrecognized and standardized color description method (e.g., a color comparison disk for water). Record your observations.

3.7. ODOR It is neither required nor advocated that smelling of samples is necessary. 1. If you do not know the type and approximate concentration of substances in a sample, do not attempt to smell it. Record sample odor only if you notice it unintentionally. 2. If the type and concentration of substances are known carefully wave your hand over the sample and note any distinct odor. Do not "stick your nose" in the sample to check for odor. Record any noticeable odor (e.g., pungent, solvent). ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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3.8. EH (OXIDATION-REDUCTION POTENTIAL) Eh is usually measured with a noble metal (e.g., platinum) and a reference electrode system using a pH meter that reads millivolts. Take field measurements of Eh in an air-tight flowthrough cell or similar air-tight device. Read Eh measurements to the nearest 10 millivolts (mV). Follow the equipment manufacturer's instructions and refer to the most recent version of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.

3.9. OTHER WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENTS Other water quality measurements that may change physically and chemically soon after collection include dissolved carbon dioxide and alkalinity. These parameters are best measured in-field and immediately after collection. Follow the equipment manufacturer's instructions and the most recent version of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater for measuring these parameters.

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4. SAMPLE COLLECTION The following presents a brief overview of recommended surface water field sampling methods. Included in this section are: • • • • • • • •

Techniques to prevent sample contamination. Field rinsing of equipment Surface-water sampling collection methods at flowing water and still water sites. Groundwater sampling collection methods for shallow wells Sample filtration Sample preservation Sample bottle labeling and filling Sample handling and storage

For more details, consult U.S. Geological Survey TWRI Book 9 – NATIONAL FIELD MANUAL FOR THE COLLECTION OF WATER-QUALITY DATA (1999). This reference is available in the Unit’s library.

4.1. TECHNIQUES TO PREVENT SAMPLE CONTAMINATION Sample contamination can be caused by poor sampling-handling, atmospheric input, poorly cleaned equipment, and the use of equipment not designed for the analytes targeted for the study. Contamination from these sources can be prevented or minimized by using sound field practices. These practices include: 1. Being aware of and recording potential sources of contamination at each field site. 2. Wearing appropriate disposable, powderless gloves changing them before each step during sample collection and prior to sampling avoiding touching contaminated surfaces. 3. Using equipment constructed of relatively inert materials in respect to the analytes being tested. 4. Using only equipment cleaned using appropriate procedures. 5. Rinsing equipment only as directed for some analytes should not be field rinsed. 6. Using correct sample-handling procedures including the minimization of the number of sample handling steps; having clean hands when handling samples; and being trained prior to sampling. 7. Collecting samples in enclosed chambers if possible to minimize contamination for atmospheric sources. 8. Following a prescribed order for collecting samples (going from less contaminated sites to more contaminated sites). 9. If sampling for trace organic and inorganic compounds, Clean Hands(CH)/ Dirty Hands (DH) techniques should be used. This requires the use of two people. The CH takes care of all operations involving equipment that contacts the sample. The DH takes care of operations that might come into contact with potential sources of contamination. Both CH and DH where disposal gloves throughout the operation.

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4.2. FIELD RINSING EQUIPMENT To field rinse a surface-water sampler: 1. Put on appropriate disposable powderless gloves. 2. Partially fill and rinse the sampler with the water to be sampled and avoid getting sand in the rinse water. 3. Shake and/or swirl and drain the rinse water from the sampler.

4.3. SURFACE-WATER SAMPLE COLLECTION AT FLOWING-WATER AND STILL-WATER SITES Methods used to collect surface-water samples are dependent the nature of the water body with considerations being given to: • • • • • • • •

Safety of field personnel. Nature of stream flow. Field measurement profiles (Is the stream or lake well mixed?) Temporal heterogeneity. Weather conditions. Fluvial sediment transport. Sources of potential pollution. Study requirements.

To obtain, a representative sample of a flowing stream one of several methods should be considered depending on the requirements of the study. These methods are generally categorized as being either isokinetic or nonisokinetic. Isokinetic methods involve the collection of depth integrated water samples using a sampler that allows for a discharge weighted sample along a water column (its vertical). This calls for the use of a depth-integrating sampler that is designed to collect a water sample for a stream vertical. This sampler allows for the velocity in the nozzle at the of intake of the sampler is nearly the same as the immediate stream velocity, when running sampler down and up the vertical at a uniform speed.

ISOKINETIC SAMPLING METHODS • Use isokinetic, depth-intergrating sampling equipment. • Use same size sample container. • Collect samples using the same transit rate at each vertical . • Composite the subsamples in a churn splitter or process subsamples through a cone splitter Use the following steps: 1. Prepare for sampling (evaluate site, prepare equipment) 2. Select number of equal width or discharge increments. 3. Select transit rates 4. Collect Subsamples 5. Composite subsamples 6. Clean equipment

Using a depth-integrating sampler, either the equal discharge-incremented (EDI) or equalwidth incremented sample (EWI) sampling method is used. The EDI method calls for the collection of depth-integrated sample integrated across a stream cross section based on ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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flow. The EDI verticals are located at the centroid, a point within each increment at which the stream discharge is equal on either side of the vertical. The EWI divides the stream into increments based on width with the depth intergrated sample being taken at the mid-point of the increment. Using either method, once the samples are collected at each vertical they are composited to make one representative sample.

Figure 1: Isokinetic Field Sampling Equipment

For isokinetic sampling, several items must be considered. These include: • • • •

Variation in field measurement values (specific conductance, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen) along a cross section. The distribution of discharge and suspended materials along a cross section. The type of sampler. The location of side-channel eddies and turbulance.

Nonisokinetic samples involve grab samplers or automated point samplers. Nonisokinetic sampling methods are used when: • • • • •

Velocity of flow is so high that depth integrated samplers can not be used properly or safely. Extreme low-flow conditions and the stream is too shallow or the velocity of the stream does not meet the minimum requirement of the sampler. When automatic samplers are required. In still water. Study objectives dictate that nonisokinetic sampling methods be used.

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Figure 2: Non-isokinetic Field Sampling Equipment

These methods include: Dip sampling method: This involves the dipping of a narrow-mouthed bottle into a water body. Care must be taken to avoid collecting particulates that are re-suspended as result of wading or perturbing the sampler. To collect the sample a dip sample: in water that is shallow wade to where the sample will be collected and immerse a hand-held, narrow mouth bottle at he centroid of flow or at multiple locations along the cross-section. Stand downstream of the bottle while it is being filled. Where the water is too deep to wade, lower the weighted sample bottle using a rope or cable at the centroid of flow or at multiple locations along the cross-section.

SAMPLING STILL OR SLOW MOVING WATER In sampling situations that involve still or slow moving water a thief-type sampler is ofter used to obtain a sample at a discrete depth. Procedures using a thief sampler are as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Lower opened sampler slowly to desired depth. Isolate the sample by activating the mechanism that closes the sampler. Dispense sample to sample bottle or compositing devise. Repeat to obtain sample at different d h

Discrete sampling method: This involve obtaining a sample at a discrete depth. Using a thief-type sample obtain a sample in still water or slow moving water at eh centroid of flow or at mulitple verticals at selected depths along the cross-section. Pump sampling method: This involves the use of a suction lift or submersible pump designed to collect water-quality samples. These can be portable or permanently installed and automated for sampling. A portable pump can be used to collect a depth-integrated sample by continuously pumping at a specified depth. The Unit has purchased an ISCO automatic sampler. Basic instructions for this pump type sampler is presented in Appendix G. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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Figure 3: Thief Sampler for Discrete Depth Sampling

4.4. GROUNDWATER SAMPLING Groundwater samples will be taken with either disposable bailers, submersible pump, or platter pumps. Prior to sampling the water level in the well and the depth of the well will be measured. This measurement will be completed using a water level meter accurate to 2 mm or other suitable measurement devise. To prevent cross contamination, after measurements are taken, the meter and its sounding line will be washed off with detergent and water and then rinsed with a weak acid solution followed a distilled water rinse. The volume of water in the well will then calculated using the formula: V = 6 r2 h Where: V = volume of water in the well 6 = constant r = radius of the well h = height of the water column The well will then be pumped or bailed and at least three well volumes will be evacuated prior to sampling. After the well has been sampled, sample will be filtered as necessary and sample bottles with proper preservatives will be filled using (if possible) a disposable bailer. If raw samples are required, the sample bottles will be filled directly. After sampling the bailers will be disposed of and the pumps will be cleaned in the same fashion as the water level sounder.

4.5. SAMPLE FILTRATION Filter samples immediately after collection, document when you filtered the samples. Use a 0.45 micron pore size filter membrane for filtering. If possible, rinse or flush the filter membrane and filtering device with a minimum of 0.5 liters (500 mls) of reagent grade water ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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before use. Avoid applying high pressure (>50 psi) when filtering samples. For silt-laden or turbid samples, use a pre-filter (e.g., glass microfiber) or a filter membrane of larger diameter or larger surface area Allow 150 mls or so of sample to pass through the filtering device before filling sample containers. Rinse sample containers once with filtrate. IMPORTANT: Immediately after or during collection, field filter samples collected for metals analyses. There are three exceptions: 1) Total metals results are required 2) Three consecutive in-field turbidity readings (spaced 2 minutes or more apart) are all 5 NTUs or less. Low turbidity values (<5 NTUs) for the sample should reflect the naturally mobile colloids and particulates moving through the water. Record that the samples were not filtered and that they have turbidity readings of 5 NTUs or less. 3) The parameters being collected are not subject to change during sample storage (e.g., changes in dissolved gas content, pH, Eh, redox potential, and dissolved/solid phases), If a sample is not subject to change and is held for extended periods of time, filtering may be done later. Record the filtering place, time and method. Filtering procedures for sample bottles are as follows: 1. After collecting the sample, gently pour the sample directly into the self-contained device fitted with a disposable filter membrane. If possible, use positive pressure filtration rather than vacuum filtration, which causes excessive sample aeration and agitation. 2. Attach the pressure line to the device. 3. Discard the first 150 mls or so of filtered sample. Collect the subsequent filtered samples into appropriate sample containers. 4. Immediately preserve the samples, replace the cap, label the samples, and place them on ice in a cooler. 5. Record "sample field filtered (Y)" and the "time samples filtered." Dispose of the used in-line filter - do not reuse it.

4.6. SAMPLE PRESERVATION Table 1 includes sample preservation for a variety of compounds and parameters. You may add preservative to sample bottles before or immediately after sample collection. (Filter the sample, if required, before adding preservative.) If you add preservative to a container before adding the sample, take care to minimize sample overflow that may dilute the preservative. Checking and Adjusting the pH of a Preserved Sample. When using a pH meter to check the pH of a preserved sample, follow these procedures: 1. If applicable, check and fill the reference electrode with solution as recommended by the instrument's manufacturer. 2. Calibrate the instrument according to the manufacturer's instruction. Two fresh pH buffer solutions (7.00 and 4.00 or 7.00 and 10.00) having temperatures within 5o C of the samples are typically required for instrument calibration. 3. Pour a small portion of the preserved sample into a separate container. Immerse the electrode into the separate container and wait for the reading to stabilize. Do not ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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swirl or stir the electrode while taking the reading unless recommended by the manufacturer. 4. If sample pH needs adjustment, add additional preservative to the original sample and repeat Step 3. 5. If sample pH is acceptable, dispose of the separate sample (do not pour it back into the original sample container), replace the lid on the original sample and place it on ice in a cooler. 6. Rinse the electrode with reagent grade water and store the electrode in the buffer solution or as recommended by the manufacturer. Table 1: Sample Collection, Containers, Preservation and Holding Times PARAMETER Physical parameters, common ions Metals (Total Recoverable) Gross Alpha and Beta Nitrate and Nitrite, Ammonia, TKN, total P Organic Carbon, dissolved Organic Carbon, total Cyanide (Total)

FILTERED/ UNFILTERED Unfiltered Unfiltered Unfiltered Unfiltered

Filtered Unfiltered Unfiltered

CONTAINER VOLUME AND TYPE (ml) 500 Plastic 250 Plastic 1000 Plastic 1000 Plastic 25 Plastic 25 Glass 500 Plastic

PRESERVATIVE

NOTES

none

Cool, 4oC

HOLDING TIME Indefinite

HNO3 to pH <2

6 months

HNO3 to pH <2

Cool, 4oC

6 months

H2SO4 to pH <2

Cool, 4oC

28 days

H2SO4 or HCl to pH <2 H2SO4 or HCl to pH <2 NaOH to pH>12

Cool, 4oC

28 days

Cool, 4oC

28 days

Cool, 4oC

14 days

When using pH paper to check the pH of a preserved sample, follow these procedures: 1. Gently tip the sample container on its side to wet the inside of the lid and remove the lid. 2. Touch the pH paper to the droplets inside the lid and read the pH. Do not put the pH paper directly into the sample container. Compare the color of the pH paper to colorpH provided by the manufacturer. 3. If sample pH needs adjustment, add additional preservative to the sample, rinse the container lid with reagent grade water, replace the container lid and repeat Steps 1 and 2. 4. If sample pH is acceptable, rinse the container lid with reagent grade water, shake the lid to remove any excess water and replace the lid.

4.7. SAMPLE BOTTLE LABELING AND FILLING PROCEDURES Take in-field water quality measurements before or immediately after sample collection. Open only one sample container or one set of sample containers immediately before filling. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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Preserve samples within 15 minutes of collection and immediately place on ice. Minimize the contact of extraneous contamination with sample containers and equipment. Common extraneous contaminants include perfumes, cosmetics, bug spray, sun tan lotion, Sharpie® , spray lubricants and engine fumes. Sample up wind or remove extraneous contaminants before opening containers and collecting samples. Use waterproof labels. Write on them with a permanent, waterproof marking device (e.g., grease pencil). Labels should include: 1. A unique sample number (if applicable). 2. Site/project name or other identifier. 3. Date and time sample collected. 4. Sample collectors initials. Type of preservation added and analysis required. Use extra caution when collecting samples that have a "medium" or "high" potential to volatalize from water. Remember to keep complete and accurate records. Record all field information before proceeding to the next site. Order of Filling Sample Containers Collect sample parameters in the following order: 1. Unfiltered samples for in-field water quality measurements. 2. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs). 3. Non-filtered, non-preserved (e.g., sulfate, total chromium VI, mercury, semi- and nonvolatiles, pesticides, PCBs). 4. Non-filtered, preserved (e.g., nitrogen series [ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, etc.], phenolics, total phosphorous, total metals, cyanide, totalorganic carbon). 5. Filtered, non-preserved (e.g., dissolved chromium VI). 6. Filtered, preserved immediately (e.g., dissolved metals) 7. Miscellaneous parameters. Collect sulfate samples before sulfuric acid preserved samples (e.g., nitrogen series). Collect nitrogen series samples before nitric acid preserved samples (e.g., boron, dissolved metals). Finally, the number of sample bottles required depends on the number of different extraction, clean-up, analytical methods and quality control (QC) needed for the project. Remember that laboratories are required to duplicate and spike samples at a set frequency. Collecting insufficient sample volumes may result in higher detection limits, because sample volume must be reduced to accommodate QC requirements.

4.7.1. PROCEDURES FOR FILLING SAMPLE CONTAINERS 1. Tip the sample container at a slight angle and allow a slow steady stream of water to run down its inner wall. Hold the sampling discharge tube close to the sample container but do not touch it. 2. Immediately after filling a sample container, if not already done, add any required preservative (filter first, if required), replace the cap, add the label, and place the sample in a plastic bag (optional) on ice in a cooler. 3. Record the "time sample collected." To avoid confusion, you may wish to record sample collection time in military time (e.g., 1300 instead of 1:00 pm, 1845 instead of 6:45 pm, etc.,) Note: If a sample container already has preservative in it before you fill it (common for VOC vials), do not rinse the container before filling and take care to minimize sample overflow that may dilute the preservative.

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4.7.2. VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS) 1. If a laboratory hasn't already done so, add sufficient preservation to the container. 2. Tip the container at a slight angle and allow a slow, steady stream of water to run down its inner wall. 3. Fill the sample container until the water forms a positive meniscus at the brim, then immediately replace the cap. 4. Invert the sample container and tap it lightly to check for bubbles. If bubbles are present, fill a new sample container (containing preservative) and check for bubbles the same way. If bubbles are unavoidable, collect numerous samples and save those with the least amount of bubbles. Do not try to reopen and add more water to samples that have bubbles. Refill a used container only if you again add sufficient preservative and refill it with water from the same site, to avoid cross-contamination between samples. 5. Label the sample, place it in a plastic bag (optional), then immediately place it on ice in a cooler. Record the "time sample collected." Semi-volatiles and Pesticides When collecting semi-volatiles and pesticides, unless project objectives or regulations require otherwise, use similar, but less rigourous, procedures as those described for collecting VOC samples. Use the same equipment decontamination and storage procedures you use for collecting VOC samples. When collecting semi-volatiles and pesticides, the type of sample container,volume and preservative may be quite different than that required for VOC samples. In addition, leave approximately ½ inch of air space when filling sample bottles to allow for expansion. Otherwise, the bottles may break. Note: Do not filter VOC or other organic samples. Turn off any nearby gasoline engines or sample up wind of any engine exhaust. Remember to store one trip blank per cooler when collecting volatile (VOCs, GRO, and PVOCs) samples. Store empty VOC containers on ice to help you reduce VOC volatilization when you fill them.

4.7.3. INORGANICS Inorganic samples (e.g., dissolved metals) are quite susceptible to aeration, oxidation, precipitation, coprecipitation, extraneous contamination and cross-contamination during sampling, filtering and handling. Therefore, take extra care to avoid sample aeration before filtering (if required) and preserving. Unless specified, field filter inorganic samples and preserve immediately after collection.

4.7.4. OTHER SAMPLE PARAMETERS Other sample parameters subject to rapid change (by aeration and subsequent changes in redox state, or addition or loss of dissolved gasses) once a sample is taken include: chromium VI, pH, Eh, oxygen, inorganic carbon, alkalinity, TOC, ammonium, nitrate/nitrite, sulfide, cyanide, molybdenum, mercury, selenium, dissolved iron (ferrous iron - FE+2 ), manganese, zinc, cadmium, lead, vanadium, arsenic and phosphate. Take precautions to avoid altering these parameters during sampling. Add preservative, if required, immediately and place on ice in a cooler. For those interested in monitoring indicators of biodegredation that may be occurring in water at a site, use a field test kit (e.g., colorimetric), sensor probe or other field test (e.g., portable gas chromatogram) to quantify pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, sulfate, ferrous iron, redox potential and manganese in the field immediately after sample collection. In addition,alkalinity, methane and carbon dioxide should be measured in the field immediately after collection, or less preferably, in the laboratory.

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4.8. SAMPLE HANDLING AND STORAGE After samples are collected, filtered (if required), labeled and preserved (if required), they must be placed immediately on ice. Keep samples at or below 4o C, but above freezing throughout storage, handling and shipping. Make sure there is enough ice for the duration of sample storage and transport. Discourage the use of frozen cold packs (e.g., "blue ice"). If you do use them, place a temperature blank in the cooler so the laboratory can document the temperature of the samples when they arrive. Breakable sample containers (e.g., glass vials) should be separated by bubble wrap, foam, ice, etc. At least a portion of each container must contact the ice, otherwise the protective layer (e.g., bubble wrap) may insulate the sample from the cooling effects of the ice. Placing samples in a plastic bag can help minimize the chance of cross-contamination among samples should a container break.

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5. QUALITY ASSURANCE/ QUALITY CONTROL Field QA/QC efforts must match the data quality objectives established or required for the project and sampling event. Remember that QA/QC procedures and samples are not optional All QA/QC samples must be collected, handled and processed in the same exact manner as the other analytical samples being collected. Make sure the laboratory receives sufficient sample volumes or additional containers to perform required QC procedures. All sampling and decontamination wastewaters and materials must be stored, handled and disposed of properly.

5.1. QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES 5.1.1. FIELD BLANK (FIELD RINSATE BLANK, DECONTAMINATION BLANK, EQUIPMENT BLANK) Collect one field blank for every 10 samples or less collected. Decontaminate the sampling equipment for the field blank the same way you do when collecting other samples. After decontaminating the sampling device (e.g., bucket or pump), fill it with laboratory reagent grade water, then collect a sample of the reagent grade water - this is your field blank. The field blank should be analyzed for the same parameters as the samples.

5.1.2. FIELD DUPLICATE Collect one field duplicate for every 10 samples or less collected The field duplicate should be analyzed for the same parameters as the samples. When using a grab sampler, collect the duplicate from the same sample of water as the original sample is collected, bailer volume permitting.

5.1.3. FIELD SPLIT SAMPLES Field split samples should be take at least once per sampling event. Collect the sample, filter if required, and dispense into two or more containers. Preserve the samples if required and send them to separate laboratories for analysis. The samples must be analyzed by identical laboratory analytical methods to be comparable.

5.2. EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION Check with your laboratory for recommended equipment cleaning solutions and procedures for each analyte you are sampling. Collection of inorganic compounds may necessitate a dilute acid equipment rinse first. Collection of organic compounds may require a pesticide grade isopropanol, acetone, methanol or hexane equipment rinse. If you use pesticide grade hexane, take extra safety precautions because hexane is quite flammable. Use your professional judgment to decide which of the following procedures to use: ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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Minimum decontamination procedures include: Disassemble the equipment if possible. Use a weak non-phosphate detergent (e.g., Alquinox® , Liquinox® ) and water solution, and scrub the equipment inside and out. Visually inspect the equipment to ensure no visible contamination is present 1. Thoroughly rinse the equipment with organic-free tap water. Reassemble the equipment, if applicable. 2. Store and transport the equipment in clean plastic, aluminum foil, or a container that will protect the equipment from extraneous contamination. More rigorous decontamination procedures include: Wash equipment with a non-phosphate detergent solution and scrub with an inert brush. For internal mechanisms and tubing, circulate the detergent solution through the equipment. 1. Thoroughly rinse the equipment with organic-free tap water. 2. For organic (e.g., VOCs) sample collection, rinse equipment with an organic desorbing agent (e.g., pesticide grade isopropanol, acetone, methanol or hexane). 3. For inorganic sample collection, rinse equipment with inorganic desorbing agent (e.g., dilute [0.1 Normal] reagent grade hydrochloric acid or nitric acid solution). For stainless steel and low-carbon steel, a more dilute hydrochloric acid solution (1 percent) is recommended. Note: If you use organic or inorganic desorbing agents, check with your laboratory regarding potential analytical interferences caused by desorbing agents and their proper use and disposal. 4. Rinse the equipment with organic-free tap water only if you are using an inorganic desorbing agent. 5. Rinse with laboratory reagent grade water. If practical, allow the equipment to air dry before its next use or storage. 6. Store and transport the equipment in clean plastic, aluminum foil or a container that will protect it from extraneous contamination. Other decontamination methods such as high pressure steam cleaning, hot-water power wash, ultrasonic cleaning and other methods decontaminate most equipment satisfactorily.

5.3. SAMPLE TRACKING, SECURITY AND CHAIN OF CUSTODY PROCEDURES Sample tracking, security and chain of custody procedures provide a legal transport, possession and handling.

record of sample

Sample Identification: Use waterproof labels or a similar method to identify each sample container. Use a permanent waterproof marker. Avoid placing labels on container lids; however, if you do place a label on a lid, make sure it's attached to the container as well. Labels should include the following information: a unique sample number site/project name date and time sample collected sample collectors initials preservation and analysis required Sample Seals ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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5.3.1. SHIPPING CUSTODY SEAL Use tape or a lock to seal the container for shipping. If you use tape, write your signature, the date and time on the tape.

5.3.2. CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD Complete a chain of custody (COC) record for each sampling event. Each time the samples change possession, whoever relinquishes and whoever receives the samples must sign, date and time the chain of custody form. Figure 2-2 and 2-3 in the Sampling and Analysis Plan are examples of chain of custody form.

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APPENDIX C LABORATORY ANALYTICAL METHODS

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SUCOFINDO WORK SHEET

ANALYTICAL & TESTING LABORATORY

Lab No

Date Received

Section

Date To Be Completed

Sample

Marking

Analysis

: Drinking Water (Permenkes NO.907/MENKES/VII/2002)

PARAMETER

UNIT

TEST RESULTS

THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE

METHODS *) PART NUMBER

1. Bacteriological a). Microbiological Escherichia Coli

Colony / 100 mL

9222 G

Total Coliform

Colony / 100 mL

9222 B

mg/L

0.005

Mercury

mg/L

0.001

3112 B

Arsenic

mg/L

0.01

3114 C, 3030 F

Barium

mg/L

0.7

3111 D

2. Chemical a). Inorganic Chemical Antimony

3111 B, 3030 E

Boron

mg/L

0.3

3500-B-C

Cadmium

mg/L

0.003

3111 D

Chromium

mg/L

0.05

3111 B

Copper

mg/L

3111 B, 3030 E

Cyanide

mg/L

0.07

4500-CN--E

Fluoride

mg/L

1.5

4500-F-D

Cobalt

mg/L

0.01

3111 B, 3030 E

Molybdenum

mg/L

0.07

3500-Mo-B

Nickel

mg/L

0.02

311 B

Nitrite

mg/L

4500-NO2-B

Nitrate

mg/L

4500-NO3--B

Selenium

mg/L

0.01

3114 C, 3030 F

Ammonia

mg/L

1.5

4500-NH3-C **

Alumunium

mg/L

0.2

3111 D, 3030 E

Chloride

mg/L

250

4500-Cl-D

Total Hardness as CaCO3

mg/L

500

2340 B

Hydrogen Sulfide as H2S

mg/L

4500-S2--D

Iron

mg/L

0.3

3111 B

Manganese

mg/L

0.1

3111 B

6.5 – 8.5

Sodium

mg/L

3125 B

Sulfate

mg/L

250

4500-SO42--E

Zinc

mg/L

3111 B, 3030 E

b). Inorganic Chemical

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4500-H+-B

114

SUCOFINDO WORK SHEET

ANALYTICAL & TESTING LABORATORY

Lab No

Date Received

Section

Date To Be Completed

Sample

Marking

Analysis

: Drinking Water (Permenkes NO.907/MENKES/VII/2002)

PARAMETER

UNIT

TEST RESULTS

THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE

METHODS *) PART NUMBER

C). Organic Compound Carbon Tetrachloride

μg/L

6630 C

Dichloromethane

μg/L

6630 C

1,2 Dichloroethane

μg/L

6630 C

1,1,1 – Thrichloroethane

μg/L

2000

6630 C

Vinyl Chloride

μg/L

6630 C

1,1 – Dichloroethane

μg/L

6630 C

1,2 – Dichloroethane

μg/L

6630 C

Thrichloroethane

μg/L

6630 C

Tetrachloroethane

μg/L

6630 C

Benzene

μg/L

6630 C

Toluene

μg/L

700

6630 C

Xylenes

μg/L

500

6630 C

Benzo(a)pyrene

μg/L

0.7

6630 C

monochlorobenzene

μg/L

300

6630 C

1,2 dichlorobenzene

μg/L

1000

1,4 dichlorobenzene

μg/L

300

6630 C

Trichlorobenzene (total)

μg/L

200

6630 C

Di(2-ethylhexil)adipate

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phtalate

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Acrylamide

μg/L

0.5

Gas Chromatography

Ephichlorohydrin

μg/L

0.4

Gas Chromatography

Hexachlorobutadiene

μg/L

0.6

Gas Chromatography

Edetic acid (EDTA)

μg/L

200

Gas Chromatography

Nitriloacetic acid

μg/L

200

Gas Chromatography

Tributyltin oxide

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Toluene

μg/L

24 – 170

Gas Chromatography

Xylene

μg/L

20 – 1800

Gas Chromatography

Ethylbenzene

μg/L

2 – 200

Gas Chromatography

Styrene

μg/L

4 – 2600

Gas Chromatography

Monochlorobenzene

μg/L

10 –12

Gas Chromatography

1,2-dichlorobenzene

μg/L

0.3 – 30

Gas Chromatography

Trichlorobenzene (total)

μg/L

5 – 50

Gas Chromatography

2-chlorophenol

μg/L

600 – 1000

Gas Chromatography

Others

D) Organic compound

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115

SUCOFINDO WORK SHEET

ANALYTICAL & TESTING LABORATORY

Lab No

Date Received

Section

Date To Be Completed

Sample

Marking

Analysis

: Drinking Water (Permenkes NO.907/MENKES/VII/2002) THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE

METHODS *) PART NUMBER

μg/L

0.3 – 40

Gas Chromatography

μg/L

2 – 300

Gas Chromatography

Alachlor

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Aldicarb

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Aldrin / dieldrin

μg/L

0.03

Gas Chromatography

Atrazine

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Bentazone

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Carbofuran

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Chlordane

μg/L

0.2

Gas Chromatography

Chlorotoluron

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

DDT

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

1,2 – dibromo – 3 chloropropane

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

2,4 – D

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

1,2-dichloroprophane

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

1,3-dichloroprophane

μg/L

0.720

Gas Chromatography

Heptachlor & heptachlorepoxide

μg/L

0.03

Gas Chromatography

Hexachlorobenzene

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Isoproturon

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Lindane

μg/L

PARAMETER

UNIT

2,4 – dichlorophenol 2,4,6 – trichlorophenol

TEST RESULTS

E). Pesticides

MCPA

Gas Chromatography

Molinate

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Pendimethalin

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Penachlorophenol

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Permetrin

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Propanil

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Pyridate

μg/L

100

Gas Chromatography

Simazine

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Trufularin

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Chlorophenoxy herbicides other than 2,4-D and MCPA 2,4 – DB

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Dichloroprop

μg/L

100

Gas Chromatography

Fenoprop

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Mecoprop

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

2,4,5 – T

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

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116

SUCOFINDO WORK SHEET

ANALYTICAL & TESTING LABORATORY

Lab No

Date Received

Section

Date To Be Completed

Sample

Marking

Analysis

: Drinking Water (Permenkes NO.907/MENKES/VII/2002)

PARAMETER

UNIT

TEST RESULTS

F.Disinfectant and its related compound product Monochloramine, di-and μg/L trichloramine

THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE

METHODS *) PART NUMBER

Gas Chromatography

Chlorine

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Bromate

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Chlorite

μg/L

200

Gas Chromatography

2,4,6 – trichlorophenol

μg/L

200

Gas Chromatography

Formaldehyde

μg/L

900

Gas Chromatography

Bromoform

μg/L

100

Gas Chromatography

Dibromochloromethane

μg/L

100

Gas Chromatography

Bromodichloromethane

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Chloroform

μg/L

200

Gas Chromatography

Dichloroacetic acid

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Trichloroacetic acid

μg/L

100

Gas Chromatography

Chloral hydrate (trichloroacetaldehyde)

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Dichloroacetonitrile

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Dibromoacetonitrile

μg/L

100

Gas Chromatography

Trichloroacetonitrile

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Cyanogen chlorine (as CN)

μg/L

Gas Chromatography

Gross alpha activity

μg/L

0.1

Pico rad

Gross beta activity

μg/L

Pico rad

Colour

TCU

2120 B

Taste

Tasteless

2160 C

Odour

Odorless

2150 B

Temperature

°C

Ambient air temp ±3°C

2550 B

Turbidity

NTU

2130 B

Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L

1000

2540 C

Checked

Approved

Chlorinated acetic acids

3. Radioactivity

4. Physical

* ) : Standard method 20 th edition – APHA-AWWA-WEF.

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117

APPENDIX D FLOW MEASUREMENTS

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118

SUMMARY Station I.D.

Location

River

Latitude o

Longitude o

Date

KAG-2

Kr. Agam

N05 21'28.4"

E095 34'51.8"

31-Aug-06

KI-1

Kr. Inong

N 05o 14’ 57.6”

E 95o 34’ 47.0”

29-Aug-06

KI-2 KJ-2

Kr. Inong Kr. Jreue

N05 21' 56.8" o

N05 23' 49.4" o

Area (m2) 10.8

Width (m) 17.0

Flow (m3/sec) 0.72 0.45

31-Aug-06

7.7

43.7

4.42

31-Aug-06

5.9

27.0

1.86

E095 34' 16.8" E095 29' 29.8"

KK-1

Kr. Keumireu

N05 24' 07.7"

E095 27' 00.1"

31-Aug-06

2.8

13.4

0.85

KAC-1

Kr. Aceh

N05o 22' 16.6"

E095o 34' 05.8"

KAC-2 KAC-3

Kr. Aceh Kr. Aceh

N05 24' 56.6" o

N05 31' 08.6" o

1-Sep-06

69.3

48.0

15.67

31-Aug-06

13.0

26.7

3.72

1-Sep-06

119.0

67.0

11.73

E095 26' 40.4" E095 21' 45.4"

MS-1

Mata Ie Spring

N05 29' 49.8"

E095 17' 44.7"

2-Sep-06

1.7

6.0

0.34

KG-1

Kr Guepu

N05o 22' 04.3"

E095o 17' 02.2"

2-Sep-06

1.6

4.6

1.62

3-Sep-06

1.9

4.5

0.31

KM-1

Kr. Mountala

N05 16' 21.9"

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E095 32' 36.3"

119

LOCATION MAP

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120

KAG-1 (Krueng Agam upstream from Bridge) N05o 21'28.4" E095o34'51.8" Kr. Agam 1 30/08/06

Krueng Agam Profile Right Bank

PROFILE Observation Right Bank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Left Bank 10

Distance (m) 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17

RESULTS Area (m2) Width (m) Q (m3/sec)

10.8 17 0.72

Depth (m) 0 -0.62 -0.71 -0.71 -0.79 -0.71 -0.56 -0.68 -0.73 0

V (ft/sec) 0.000 0.000 0.067 0.067 0.088 0.104 0.073 0.052 0.037 0.000

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Depth (m)

LOCATION Latitude Longitude River Name Transect Date

Left Bank

W ater Level

0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 0

Distance (m)

121

KI-2 (Krueng Inong Upstream from Bridge) N05o 21' 56.8" E095o 34' 16.8" Kr. Inong 2 31-Aug-06

Krueng Inong 0

PROFILE Observation Right Bank 1

Left Bank RESULTS Area (m2) Width (m) Q (m3/sec)

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Distance (m) 0.43 1 2 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40

Depth (m) 0 -0.03 -0.06 -0.13 -0.12 -0.22 -0.31 -0.26 -0.33 -0.29 -0.24 -0.2 -0.14 -0.12 -0.13 -0.06

V (ft/sec) 0.000 0.305 0.727 1.473 1.882 2.333 2.032 2.190 2.437 2.032 1.842 1.659 1.596 1.267 0.941 0.749

Depth (m)

LOCATION Latitude Longitude River Name Transect Date

-0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4

Distance (m)

7.73 43.7 4.42

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122

KJ-2 (Krueng Jreue Downstream from Bridge) N05o 23' 49.4" E095o 29' 29.8" Kr. Jreue 3 31-Aug-06

Krueng Jreue 0 Depth (m)

LOCATION Latitude Longitude River Name Transect Date PROFILE Observation Right Bank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Distance (m) 0 0.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Depth (m) 0 -0.38 -0.36 -0.3 -0.22 -0.12 -0.11 -0.06 -0.08 -0.08 -0.11 -0.07 -0.06 -0.06 -0.08 -0.08 -0.11 -0.14 -0.15 -0.18 -0.22

V (ft/sec) 0.000 0.160 0.308 0.271 0.323 0.270 0.220 0.001 0.121 0.144 0.103 0.152 0.281 0.000 0.382 0.523 0.712 0.770 1.013 1.240 1.290

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-0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8

Distance (m)

123

Left Bank RESULTS Area (m2) Width (m) Q (m3/sec)

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

-0.25 -0.36 -0.43 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -0.56 0

1.165 1.218 1.423 1.499 1.651 1.592 1.914 0.000

5.86 27 1.86

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124

KK-1 (Krueng Keumireu Uptream from Bridge) N05o 24' 07.7" E095o 27' 00.1" Keumireu 4 31-Aug-06

Krueng Keumireu 0

PROFILE Observation Right Bank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Left Bank 8

Distance (m) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 13.4

RESULTS Area (m2) Width (m) Q (m3/sec)

2.77 13.4 0.85

Depth (m) 0 -0.13 -0.23 -0.33 -0.3 -0.3 -0.11 0

V (ft/sec) 0.000 0.708 1.175 1.167 1.049 0.908 0.569 0.000

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Depth (M0

LOCATION Latitude Longitude River Name Transect Date

-0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4

Distance (m)

125

KAC-1 (Krueng Aceh upstream of Seulimum Dam)

Transect Date

N05o 22' 16.6" E095o 34' 05.8" Krueng Aceh upstream of Seulimum Dam 7 1-Sep-06

PROFILE Observation Right Bank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Left Bank 12

Distance (m) 0.5 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 48

RESULTS Area (m2) Width (m) Q (m3/sec)

69.3 48 15.67

Depth (m) 0 -0.6 -1.3 -1.86 -1.92 -1.71 -1.63 -1.71 -1.6 -1.71 -0.6 0

V (ft/sec) 0.000 0.060 0.300 0.754 0.878 0.986 1.088 1.085 0.737 0.169 0.000 0.000

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Krueng Aceh Upstream from Seulimum Dam 0 -0.5 Depth (m)

LOCATION Latitude Longitude River Name

-1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 0

Distance (m)

126

KAC-2 (Krueng Aceh near Gauging Station below Montasik Bridge) N05o 24' 56.6" E095o 26' 40.4" Kr. Aceh 5 31-Aug-06

Krueng Agam Profile Right Bank

PROFILE Observation Right Bank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Left Bank 11

Distance (m) 0 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 26.7

RESULTS Area (m2) Width (m) Q (m3/sec)

13 26.7 3.72

Depth (m) 0 -0.1 -0.3 -0.47 -0.58 -0.72 -0.71 -0.79 -0.48 -0.27 0

V (ft/sec) 0.000 0.083 0.197 0.308 0.530 0.826 1.104 1.349 1.561 1.608 0.000

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Depth (m)

LOCATION Latitude Longitude River Name Transect Date

Left Bank

W ater Level

0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 0

Distance (m)

127

KAC-3 (Downstream of Rubber Dam) N05o 31' 08.6" E095o 21' 45.4" Kr. Aceh nr Rubber Dam 6 1-Sep-06

PROFILE Observation Right Bank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Left Bank 14

Distance (m) 0 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 67

RESULTS Area (m2) Width (m) Q (m3/sec)

119 67 11.73

Depth (m) 0 -2.99 -3.56 -3.77 -1.45 -1.6 -1.54 -1.37 -0.97 -1.24 -1.79 -1.83 -1.6 0

V (ft/sec) 0.000 0.295 0.200 0.211 0.249 0.329 0.649 0.950 0.592 0.264 0.283 0.279 0.112 0.000

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Krueng Aceh Downstream of Rubber Dam 0 -1 Depth (m)

LOCATION Latitude Longitude River Name Transect Date

-2 -3 -4 0

Distance (m)

128

MS-1 (Mata Ie Spring) N05o 29' 49.8" E095o 17' 44.7" Mata Ie Spring 8 2-Sep-06

Mata Le Spring 0 -0.1

PROFILE Observation Right Bank 1 2 3 4 5 6 Left Bank 7

Distance (m) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

RESULTS Area (m2) Width (m) Q (m3/sec)

1.68 6 0.34

Depth (m) 0 -0.24 -0.36 -0.41 -0.36 -0.31 0

V (ft/sec) 0.000 0.279 0.898 1.279 0.552 0.000 0.000

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Depth (m)

LOCATION Latitude Longitude River Name Transect Date

-0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 1

Distance (m)

129

KG-1 (Krueng Geupu at Irrigation Dam) N05o 22' 04.3" E095o 17' 02.2" Kr. Geupu at Irrigation Dam 9 2-Sep-06

PROFILE Observation Right Bank 1 2 3 4 5 Left Bank 6

Distance (m) 0.1 1 2 3 4 4.6

RESULTS Area (m2) Width (m) Q (m3/sec)

1.57 4.6 1.62

Depth (m) 0 -0.42 -0.59 -0.4 -0.2 0

V (ft/sec) 0.000 3.317 3.637 3.363 2.580 0.000

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Krueng Geupu at Irrigation Dam 0 -0.1 Depth (m)

LOCATION Latitude Longitude River Name Transect Date

-0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 0.1

0.6

1.1

1.6

2.1

2.6

3.1

3.6

4.1

4.6

Distance (m)

130

KM-1(Krueng Mountala near PDAM Pipeline) N05o 16' 21.9" E095o 32' 36.3" Krueng Mountala 11 3-Sep-06

Krueng Mountala (Intake of PDAM Pipe)

PROFILE Observation Right Bank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Left Bank 9

Distance (m) 0.5 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

RESULTS Area (m2) Width (m) Q (m3/sec)

1.88 4.5 0.31

Depth (m) 0 -0.43 -0.55 -0.72 -0.6 -0.5 -0.5 -0.25 0

V (ft/sec) 0.000 0.190 0.210 0.600 0.490 0.980 0.860 0.610 0.000

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Depth (m)

LOCATION Latitude Longitude River Name Transect Date

0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.8 0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

Distance (m)

131

APPENDIX E LABORATORY ANALYSES

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132

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Wisma Bamboo Hotel-Deep Well Name of Location : BH-1-1 (Wisma Bamboo Hotel-Deep Well)-Water Sample Control Coordinate : N 05° 34' 07,6" and E 095° 21' 36.4" Date of Sampling : 09/05/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 12236 1

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

6-9

5-9

4500-H +-B 5210 B

Inorganic Chemical : pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K2Cr2O7

mg/L

7.7 2

6-9 2

6-9 3

mg/L

5.93

5220 B

Dissolved Oxygen

mg/L

5.54

4500-O-B 4500-PO 4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

1.82

Ammonia

mg/L

<0.01

0.5

4500-NH 3 -C ++

Arsenic Dissolved Cobalt Dissolved Barium Boron Dissolved Selenium Dissolved Cadmium Dissolved Chromium Hexavalent Copper Dissolved Iron Dissolved Lead Dissolved Manganese Dissolved Mercury Dissolved Zinc Dissolved Chloride Cyanide Flouride

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

<0.01 <0.02 0.06 0.39 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 <0.01 < 0.01 0.04 < 0.001 0.08 324 < 0.02 <2.18

0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

4500-NO 3+-B

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

3114 C, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 D, 3030 F 3500-B-C 3111 D, 3030 F 3111 C, 3030 F 3500-Cr-B 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 4500-Cl-D 4500-CN-E 4500-F-D 4500-NO 2-B

Sulfate

mg/L

19.9

400

4500-SO 42--E

Free Chlorine

mg/L

< 0.01

0.03

4500-Cl-B

Sulfur as H 2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-S 2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

449 89.6 77.7 < 0.01

Phosphate

mg/L

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO 4-C

Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L

24.9 1236

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 0

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

Organic Semi Volatil & Pesticides Compound : BHC µg/L Aldrine & Dieldrine µg/L Chlordane µg/L DDT µg/L Heptachlor & H. Epoxide µg/L Lindane µg/L Methoxychlor µg/L Endrine µg/L Toxaphane µg/L BHC µg/L

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : Zinc, Phosphate and Total Suspended Solid

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133

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Wisma Bamboo Hotel-Deep Well Name of Location : BH-1 (Wisma Bamboo Hotel-Deep Well) Coordinate : N 05° 34' 07,6" and E 095° 21' 36.4" Date of Sampling : 09/04/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS

Parameter

Units

WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Test Results Class I Class II Class III

Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

°C mg/L mg/L

26 1228 1

Normal ±3 1000 50

Inorganic Chemical : pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K2Cr2O7 Dissolved Oxygen Total Phosphate as P

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

7.69 2 3.08 4.86 10.9

6-9 2 10 6 0.2

6-9 3 25 4 0.2

Class IV

Methods

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

6-9

5-9

4500-H+-B 5210 B 5220 B 4500-O-B 4500-PO4-C 4500-NO3+-B

Nitrate as N

mg/L

1.88

Ammonia Arsenic Dissolved Cobalt Dissolved Barium Boron Dissolved Selenium Dissolved Cadmium Dissolved Chromium Hexavalent Copper Dissolved Iron Dissolved Lead Dissolved Manganese Dissolved Mercury Dissolved Zinc Dissolved Chloride Cyanide Flouride

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

<0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.47 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 <0.01 < 0.01 0.03 < 0.001 < 0.01 401 < 0.02 2.16

0.5 0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

4500-NH3 -C ++ 3114 C, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 D, 3030 F 3500-B-C 3111 D, 3030 F 3111 C, 3030 F 3500-Cr-B 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 4500-Cl-D 4500-CN-E 4500-F-D 4500-NO2-B

Sulfate

mg/L

23.2

400

4500-SO4 -E

Free Chlorine

mg/L

< 0.01

0.03

Sulfur as H2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-Cl-B 4500-S2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

449 898 81.3 < 0.01

Phosphate

mg/L

10,9

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO4-C

Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L

25.6 1228

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 0

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : DO, Phosphate, Floride and Total Suspended Solid

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134

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Cot Darat-Samatiba Meulaboh Name of Location : CD-1 (Samatiba-Meulaboh) Coordinate : N 04° 12' 52.3" and E 96° 03' 52.4" Date of Sampling : 09/07/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 415 17

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

6-9

5-9

4500-H -B 5210 B

Inorganic Chemical : +

pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K2Cr2O7

mg/L

6.62 4.74

6-9 2

6-9 3

mg/L

11.8

5220 B

Dissolved Oxygen

mg/L

3.37

4500-O-B 4500-PO4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

6.71

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

55.4

Ammonia

mg/L

7.58+

0.5

4500-NH3 -C ++

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

< 0.01 0.02 0.2 0.4 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 0.08 < 0.01 0.01 < 0.001 0.04 54.3 < 0.02 0.29

0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate

mg/L

79.6

400

4500-SO4 -E

Free Chlorine

mg/L

< 0.01

0.03

Sulfur as H2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-Cl-B 4500-S2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

100 23.5 9.84 < 0.01

Phosphate

mg/L

6.71

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO4-C

Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L

28.8 415

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

40 800

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

4500-NO3+-B

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : BOD, COD, Phosphate, Ammonia, Nitrate

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

135

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA

Report Water Quality Analysis of Desa Gampa Meulaboh Name of Location : GP-1 (Desa Gampa-Dug Well Meulaboh) Coordinate : N 04° 10' 9.7" and E 96° 07' 51.4" Date of Sampling : 09/07/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS

Parameter

Units

WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Test Results Class I Class II Class III

Class IV

Methods

Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

°C mg/L mg/L

26 177 56

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

Inorganic Chemical : pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K2Cr2O7 Dissolved Oxygen Total Phosphate as P

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

6.6 10.6 26.5 4.62 5.09

6-9 2 10 6 0.2

6-9 3 25 4 0.2

6-9

5-9

4500-H+-B 5210 B 5220 B 4500-O-B 4500-PO4-C 4500-NO3+-B

Nitrate as N

mg/L

19.6

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

9.65 < 0.01 < 0.02 0.07 <0.08 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 29.4 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.001 0.04 11.4 < 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.02

0.5 0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5 0.06

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5 0.06

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

Sulfate Free Chlorine Sulfur as H2S

mg/L mg/L mg/L

146 < 0.01 < 0.02

400 0.03 0.002

0.03 0.002

4500-SO4 -E 4500-Cl-B 4500-S2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum Phosphate Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

144 92.9 6.1 < 0.01 5.09 5.31 177

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO4-C 3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

per 100 mL per 100 mL

130 4100

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : BOD, COD, DO, Total Phosphate, Nitrate, Ammonia, Iron Dissolved and Total Suspended Solid

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

136

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Gle Taroh Spring Name of Location : GT-1 (Gle Taroh Spring) Coordinate : N 05° 29' 48,9" and E 095° 17' 02.2" Date of Sampling : 09/03/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 231 1

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

mg/L

7.31 2

6-9 2

6-9 3

6-9

5-9

4500-H -B 5210 B

Inorganic Chemical : +

pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K2Cr2O7

mg/L

5220 B

Dissolved Oxygen

mg/L

5.2

4500-O-B 4500-PO4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

1.25

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

0.85

Ammonia

mg/L

< 0.01

0.5

4500-NH3 -C ++

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

< 0.01 < 0.02 0.01 <0.08 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.001 < 0.01 4.17 < 0.02 < 0.01

0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

4500-NO3+-B

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate

mg/L

<0.02

400

4500-SO4 -E

Free Chlorine

mg/L

< 0.01

0.03

Sulfur as H2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-Cl-B 4500-S2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

221 166 2.28 < 0.01

Phosphate

mg/L

1.25

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO4-C

Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L

0.95 231

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 0

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : Phosphate

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

137

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Jantho Baru (Dug Well) Name of Location : JB-1 (Jantho Baru Dug Well) Coordinate : N 05° 16' 25.3" and E 095° 35' 56.8" Date of Sampling : 09/04/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 81 2

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

6-9

5-9

4500-H -B 5210 B

Inorganic Chemical : +

pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K2Cr2O7

mg/L

6.9 2

6-9 2

6-9 3

mg/L

6.15

5220 B

Dissolved Oxygen

mg/L

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

6.74

0.2

4500-O-B 4500-PO4-C

Nitrate as N

mg/L

3.47

Ammonia

mg/L

<0.01

0.5

4500-NH3 -C ++

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

<0.01 <0.02 0.06 <0.08 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 <0.01 < 0.01 0.17 < 0.001 < 0.01 2.78 < 0.02 1.27

0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate

mg/L

18.5

400

4500-SO4 -E

Free Chlorine

mg/L

< 0.01

0.03

Sulfur as H2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-Cl-B 4500-S2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

65.8 30.4 10.3 < 0.01

4500-NO3+-B

Phosphate

mg/L

6.74

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO4-C

Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L

3.36 81

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 0

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : Phosphate, Floride

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

138

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Aceh Name of Location : KAC-1 (Water Dam Seulimum) Coordinate : N 05° 22’ 17.7” and E 95° 33’ 45.2” Date of Sampling : 08/30/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 251 10

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

6-9

5-9

4500-H -B 5210 B

Inorganic Chemical : +

pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K2Cr2O7

mg/L

7.54 2

6-9 2

6-9 3

mg/L

3.01

5220 B

Dissolved Oxygen

mg/L

5.07

4500-O-B 4500-PO4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

9.86

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

1.36

Ammonia

mg/L

0.5

4500-NH3 -C ++

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

< 0.01 < 0.02 0.04 0.12 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 < 0.001 < 0.01 3.36 < 0.02 0.16

0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

4500-NO3+-B

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate

mg/L

0.48

400

4500-SO4 -E

Free Chlorine

mg/L

< 0.01

0.03

Sulfur as H2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-Cl-B 4500-S2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

243 110 33.9 < 0.01

Phosphate

mg/L

9.86

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO4-C

Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L

7.46 251

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 70

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : DO, Phosphate

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

139

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Aceh Name of Location : KAC-2 (Montasik Bridge) Coordinate : N 05° 29’ 38.3” and E 95° 22’ 25.8” Date of Sampling : 08/31/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 155 66

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

6-9

5-9

4500-H -B 5210 B

Inorganic Chemical : +

pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K2Cr2O7

mg/L

7.51 2

6-9 2

6-9 3

mg/L

5220 B

Dissolved Oxygen

mg/L

4500-O-B 4500-PO4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

2.27

Ammonia

mg/L

0.78

0.5

4500-NH3 -C ++

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

< 0.01 0.04 0.04 <0.08 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 0.03 < 0.01 0.07 < 0.001 < 0.01 3.89 < 0.02 0.11

0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

4500-NO3+-B

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate

mg/L

13.2

400

4500-SO4 -E

Free Chlorine

mg/L

< 0.01

0.03

Sulfur as H2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-Cl-B 4500-S2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

141 66.2 22.4 < 0.01

Phosphate

mg/L

7.07

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO4-C

Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L

3.75 155

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

90 6000

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : TSS, Phosphate, Ammonia and Total Coliform

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

140

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Aceh Name of Location : KAC-3 (Krueng Aceh-Upper Rubber Dam) Coordinate : N 05° 33’ 13.1” and E 95° 19’ 14.4” Date of Sampling : 08/31/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 172 26

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

6-9

5-9

4500-H -B 5210 B

Inorganic Chemical : +

pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K2Cr2O7

mg/L

7.59 2

6-9 2

6-9 3

mg/L

5220 B

Dissolved Oxygen

mg/L

4500-O-B 4500-PO4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

7.8

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

1.74

Ammonia

mg/L

0.59

0.5

4500-NH3 -C ++

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

< 0.01 0.03 0.05 <0.08 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 0.11 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.001 < 0.01 3.46 < 0.02 0.13

0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

4500-NO3+-B

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate

mg/L

12.3

400

4500-SO4 -E

Free Chlorine

mg/L

< 0.01

0.03

Sulfur as H2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-Cl-B 4500-S2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

155 70.6 24.3 < 0.01

Phosphate

mg/L

7.8

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO4-C

Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L

3.96 172

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 200

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : Phosphate, Ammonia

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

141

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Aceh Name of Location : KAC-4 (Krueng Aceh-Penayung Bridge BandaAceh Down Town) Coordinate : N 05° 33’ 37.1” and E 95° 19’ 06.6” Date of Sampling : 09/01/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 4117 14

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

6-9

5-9

4500-H -B 5210 B

Inorganic Chemical : +

pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K2Cr2O7

mg/L

7.43 2

6-9 2

6-9 3

mg/L

5220 B

Dissolved Oxygen

mg/L

4500-O-B 4500-PO4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

3.78

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

1.69

Ammonia

mg/L

1.3

0.5

4500-NH3 -C ++

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

< 0.01 <0.02 0.05 0.95 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.18 < 0.001 < 0.01 1914 < 0.02 0.5

0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate

mg/L

316

400

4500-SO4 -E

Free Chlorine

mg/L

< 0.01

0.03

Sulfur as H2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-Cl-B 4500-S2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

163 154 333 < 0.01

Phosphate

mg/L

3.78

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO4-C

Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L

89.3 4117

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

170 19000

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

4500-NO3+-B

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : Phosphate, Ammonia, Manganese, Cloride, TSS, Faecal Coliform, Total Coliform and TSS

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

142

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Aceh Name of Location : KAC-5 (Krueng Aceh-Beurawe Bridge BandaAceh Down Town) Coordinate : N 05° 33’ 11.4” and E 95° 19’ 58.4” Date of Sampling : 09/01/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 1176 11

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

6-9

5-9

4500-H -B 5210 B

Inorganic Chemical : +

pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K2Cr2O7

mg/L

7.56 2

6-9 2

6-9 3

mg/L

5220 B

Dissolved Oxygen

mg/L

4500-O-B 4500-PO4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

5.05

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

1.84

Ammonia

mg/L

0.6

0.5

4500-NH3 -C ++

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

< 0.01 <0.02 0.05 0.27 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.08 < 0.001 < 0.01 527 < 0.02 0.21

0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

4500-NO3+-B

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate

mg/L

10.9

400

4500-SO4 -E

Free Chlorine

mg/L

< 0.01

0.03

Sulfur as H2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-Cl-B 4500-S2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

162 93.1 100 < 0.01

Phosphate

mg/L

5.05

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO4-C

Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L

25.7 1176

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 1600

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : Phosphate, Ammonia, TSS and Total Coliform

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

143

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Aceh Name of Location : KAC-6 (Jointing of Krueng Agam and Krueng Inong) Coordinate : N 05° 22’ 07.5” and E 95° 34’ 24.0 Date of Sampling : 08/30/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 145 1

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

6-9

5-9

4500-H -B 5210 B

Inorganic Chemical : +

pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K2Cr2O7

mg/L

7.98 2.19

6-9 2

6-9 3

mg/L

5.41

5220 B

Dissolved Oxygen

mg/L

5.94

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

6.94

0.2

4500-O-B 4500-PO4-C

Nitrate as N

mg/L

0.61

Ammonia

mg/L

0.2

0.5

4500-NH3 -C ++

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

< 0.01 <0.02 0.01 0.16 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.02 < 0.001 < 0.01 < 2.0 < 0.02 0.18

0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate

mg/L

10.5

400

4500-SO4 -E

Free Chlorine

mg/L

< 0.01

0.03

Sulfur as H2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-Cl-B 4500-S2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

129 65.4 19.9 < 0.01

4500-NO3+-B

Phosphate

mg/L

6.94

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO4-C

Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L

3.34 145

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 370

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : BOD, DO, Phosphate

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

144

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Aceh Name of Location : KAC-7 (Mid of Krueng Aceh River) Coordinate : N 05° 24’ 47.2” and E 95° 26’ 45.5” Date of Sampling : 08/31/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 154 13

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

6-9

5-9

4500-H -B 5210 B

Inorganic Chemical : +

pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K2Cr2O7

mg/L

7.63 2

6-9 2

6-9 3

mg/L

3.01

5220 B

Dissolved Oxygen

mg/L

5.45

4500-O-B 4500-PO4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

7.45

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

1.16

Ammonia

mg/L

0.49

0.5

4500-NH3 -C ++

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

< 0.01 0.04 0.04 <0.08 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 0.36 < 0.01 0.02 < 0.001 < 0.01 3.14 < 0.02 0.22

0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate

mg/L

14.8

400

4500-SO4 -E

Free Chlorine

mg/L

< 0.01

0.03

Sulfur as H2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-Cl-B 4500-S2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

138 66.9 22.3 < 0.01

4500-NO3+-B

Phosphate

mg/L

7.45

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO4-C

Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L

3.72 154

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 500

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : DO, Phosphate and Iron

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

145

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Agam Name of Location : KAG-1 Coordinate : N 05° 27’ 09.4” and E 95° 41’ 48.2” Date of Sampling : 08/30/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 87 2

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

6-9

5-9

4500-H -B 5210 B

Inorganic Chemical : +

pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K2Cr2O7

mg/L

7.52 2.04

6-9 2

6-9 3

mg/L

3.01

5220 B

Dissolved Oxygen

mg/L

6.05

4500-O-B 4500-PO4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

11.3

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

1.56

Ammonia

mg/L

< 0.01

0.5

4500-NH3 -C ++

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

0.004 0.01 0.01 < 0.08 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 0.12 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.001 < 0.01 2.93 < 0.02 0.15

0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate

mg/L

13.2

400

4500-SO4 -E

Free Chlorine

mg/L

< 0.01

0.03

Sulfur as H2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-Cl-B 4500-S2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

68.9 26.4 11.3 < 0.01

Phosphate

mg/L

11.3

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO4-C

Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L

5.93 87

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 60

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

4500-NO3+-B

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : Phosphate

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

146

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Agam River Name of Location : KAG-2 (Krueng Agam River) Coordinate : N 05° 21’ 27.9” and E 95° 35’ 51.8” Date of Sampling : 08/30/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 293 1

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

6-9

5-9

4500-H -B 5210 B

Inorganic Chemical : +

pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K2Cr2O7

mg/L

8.1 5.04

6-9 2

6-9 3

mg/L

9.02

5220 B

Dissolved Oxygen

mg/L

6.08

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

10.1

0.2

4500-O-B 4500-PO4-C

Nitrate as N

mg/L

0.84

Ammonia

mg/L

0.2

0.5

4500-NH3 -C ++

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

< 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.21 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.001 < 0.01 3.91 < 0.02 0.2

0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate

mg/L

400

4500-SO4 -E

Free Chlorine

mg/L

< 0.01

0.03

Sulfur as H2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-Cl-B 4500-S2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

224 114 38.9 < 0.01

Phosphate

mg/L

10.1

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO4-C

Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L

9.92 293

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 140

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

4500-NO3+-B

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : BOD, Phosphate

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

147

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Inong Name of Location : KI-1 (Krueng Inong-Up Stream) Coordinate : N 05° 14’ 57.6” and E 95° 34’ 47.0” Date of Sampling : 08/29/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 45 1

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

mg/L

7.36 2

6-9 2

6-9 3

6-9

5-9

4500-H +-B 5210 B

mg/L mg/L

3 6.29

10 6

25 4

Inorganic Chemical : pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K 2Cr2O7 Dissolved Oxygen

5220 B 4500-O-B 4500-PO 4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

6.72

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

0.87

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

<0.01 < 0.01 0.03 0.06 <0.08 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 0.06 < 0.01 <0.01 < 0.001 < 0.01 1.48 < 0.02 <0.10

0.5 0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate Free Chlorine

mg/L mg/L

4.8 < 0.01

400 0.03

0.03

4500-SO 42--E

Sulfur as H 2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-S 2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

47.5 16.8 5.12 < 0.01

Phosphate Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L mg/L

6.72 2.99 46

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO 4-C

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 260

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

4500-NO 3+-B 1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

4500-NH 3 -C ++ 3114 C, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 D, 3030 F 3500-B-C 3111 D, 3030 F 3111 C, 3030 F 3500-Cr-B 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 4500-Cl-D 4500-CN-E 4500-F-D 4500-NO 2-B 4500-Cl-B

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : Phosphate

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

148

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Inong Name of Location : KI-2 (Krueng Inong) Coordinate : N 05° 22’ 07.5” and E 95° 34’ 24.0” Date of Sampling : 08/30/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 145 30

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

mg/L

8.58 4.9

6-9 2

6-9 3

6-9

5-9

4500-H +-B 5210 B

mg/L mg/L

9.02 5.91

10 6

25 4

Inorganic Chemical : pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K 2Cr2O7 Dissolved Oxygen

5220 B 4500-O-B 4500-PO 4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

6.29

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

0.47

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

0.21 < 0.01 <0.02 0.01 0.27 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 0.07 < 0.01 0.02 < 0.001 < 0.01 <2.0 < 0.02 0.22

0.5 0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

4500-NO 3+-B 1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

4500-NH 3 -C ++ 3114 C, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 D, 3030 F 3500-B-C 3111 D, 3030 F 3111 C, 3030 F 3500-Cr-B 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 4500-Cl-D 4500-CN-E 4500-F-D 4500-NO 2-B

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate Free Chlorine

mg/L mg/L

5.41 < 0.01

400 0.03

0.03

4500-SO 42--E

Sulfur as H 2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-S 2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

135 64.7 19.8 < 0.01

Phosphate Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L mg/L

6.29 22.8 145

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO 4-C

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

4 420

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

4500-Cl-B

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : DO, BOD, Phosphate

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

149

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Geupu Name of Location : KG-1 (Krueng Geupu)-Water Spring Coordinate : N 05° 22' 04.3" and E 095° 17' 02.2" Date of Sampling : 09/02/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 126 7

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

mg/L

7.77 2

6-9 2

6-9 3

6-9

5-9

4500-H +-B 5210 B

mg/L mg/L

6.15 4.98

10 6

25 4

Inorganic Chemical : pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K 2Cr2O7 Dissolved Oxygen

5220 B 4500-O-B 4500-PO 4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

2.24

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

1.05

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

< 0.01 < 0.01 0.03 < 0.01 <0.08 < 0.005 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.001 < 0.01 <2.0 < 0.02 < 0.01

0.5 0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

4500-NO 3+-B 1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

4500-NH 3 -C ++ 3114 C, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 D, 3030 F 3500-B-C 3111 D, 3030 F 3111 C, 3030 F 3500-Cr-B 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 4500-Cl-D 4500-CN-E 4500-F-D 4500-NO 2-B

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate Free Chlorine

mg/L mg/L

<0.02 < 0.01

400 0.03

0.03

4500-SO 42--E

Sulfur as H 2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-S 2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

116 87.4 6.92 < 0.01

Phosphate Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L mg/L

2.24 1.52 126

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO 4-C

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 0

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

4500-Cl-B

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : COD, DO, and Phosphate

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

150

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Raba Name of Location : KR-1 Krueng Raba River Coordinate : N 05° 27’ 38.1” E 95° 15’ 41.3” Date of Sampling : 09/02/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 172 30

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

mg/L

7.13 2.13

6-9 2

6-9 3

6-9

5-9

4500-H +-B 5210 B

mg/L mg/L

3.08 6

10 6

25 4

Inorganic Chemical : pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K 2Cr2O7 Dissolved Oxygen

5220 B 4500-O-B 4500-PO 4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

1.33

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

2.48

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

< 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.02 0.01 <0.08 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.001 < 0.01 9.41 < 0.02 <0.10

0.5 0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

4500-NO 3+-B 1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

4500-NH 3 -C ++ 3114 C, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 D, 3030 F 3500-B-C 3111 D, 3030 F 3111 C, 3030 F 3500-Cr-B 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 4500-Cl-D 4500-CN-E 4500-F-D 4500-NO 2-B

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate Free Chlorine

mg/L mg/L

< 0.02 < 0.01

400 0.03

0.03

4500-SO 42--E

Sulfur as H 2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-S 2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

137 151 5.12 < 0.01

Phosphate Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L mg/L

1.33 1.35 172

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO 4-C

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 0

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

4500-Cl-B

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : Phosphate

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

151

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Montalla Name of Location : KM-1 Coordinate :N 05° 16' 21.9" and E 095° 32' 36.3" Date of Sampling : 09/03/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 55 1

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

mg/L

7.66 2

6-9 2

6-9 3

6-9

5-9

4500-H +-B 5210 B

mg/L mg/L

3 6

10 6

25 4

Inorganic Chemical : pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K 2Cr2O7 Dissolved Oxygen

5220 B 4500-O-B 4500-PO 4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

6.49

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

0.71

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

< 0.01 < 0.01 <0.02 < 0.01 < 0.08 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.001 < 0.01 < 2.0 < 0.02 0.1

0.5 0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

4500-NO 3+-B 1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

4500-NH 3 -C ++ 3114 C, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 D, 3030 F 3500-B-C 3111 D, 3030 F 3111 C, 3030 F 3500-Cr-B 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 4500-Cl-D 4500-CN-E 4500-F-D 4500-NO 2-B

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate Free Chlorine

mg/L mg/L

< 0.02 < 0.01

400 0.03

0.03

4500-SO 42--E

Sulfur as H 2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-S 2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

49.5 20.3 8.27 < 0.01

Phosphate Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L mg/L

6.49 2.02 55

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO 4-C 3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 0

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

4500-Cl-B

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : Phosphate

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

152

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Keumireu Name of Location : KK-1 (Krueng Keumireu-1) Coordinate : N 05° 21’ 22.8” and E 95° 29’ 43.1” Date of Sampling : 08/31/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 131 8

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

mg/L

7.42 6.57

6-9 2

6-9 3

6-9

5-9

4500-H +-B 5210 B

mg/L mg/L

16.5 5.45

10 6

25 4

Inorganic Chemical : pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K 2Cr2O7 Dissolved Oxygen

5220 B 4500-O-B 4500-PO 4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

7.09

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

1.21

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

0.34 <0.01 0.03 0.03 0.21 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 0.1 < 0.01 0.09 < 0.001 < 0.01 2.99 < 0.02 0.2

0.5 0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate Free Chlorine

mg/L mg/L

0.32 < 0.01

400 0.03

0.03

4500-SO 42--E

Sulfur as H 2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-S 2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

114 48.7 20.4 < 0.01

Phosphate Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L mg/L

7.09 4.2 131

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO 4-C 3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

60 1700

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

4500-NO 3+-B 4500-NH 3 -C ++ 3114 C, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 D, 3030 F 3500-B-C 3111 D, 3030 F 3111 C, 3030 F 3500-Cr-B 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 4500-Cl-D 4500-CN-E 4500-F-D 4500-NO 2-B 4500-Cl-B

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : BOD, COD, DO, Phosphate and Total Coliform

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

153

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of KK-2(Krueng Keumireu-2) Name of Location : KK-2(Krueng Keumireu-2) Coordinate : N 05° 21’ 22.8” and E 95° 29’ 43.1” Date of Sampling : 08/31/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 86 5

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

mg/L

7.34 2.41

6-9 2

6-9 3

6-9

5-9

4500-H +-B 5210 B

mg/L mg/L

6.02 5.57

10 6

25 4

Inorganic Chemical : pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K 2Cr2O7 Dissolved Oxygen

5220 B 4500-O-B 4500-PO 4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

6.26

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

0.98

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

< 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.02 0.03 < 0.08 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 0.36 < 0.01 0.01 < 0.001 0.21 < 2.0 < 0.02 0.14

0.5 0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate Free Chlorine

mg/L mg/L

0.32 < 0.01

400 0.03

0.03

4500-SO 42--E

Sulfur as H 2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-S 2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

77.5 32.1 16.5 < 0.01

Phosphate Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L mg/L

6.26 5.71 86

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO 4-C

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

20 300

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : BOD, DO, Phosphate, Iron and Zinc

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

154

WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Jreue Name of Location : KJ-2 (Krueng Jreue River) Coordinate : N 05 ° 24' 36,7 " and E 95° 27' 07.2" Date of Sampling : 08/31/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 156 1

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

mg/L

7.67 2

6-9 2

6-9 3

6-9

5-9

4500-H +-B 5210 B

mg/L mg/L

3.01 6

10 6

25 4

Inorganic Chemical : pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K 2Cr2O7 Dissolved Oxygen

5220 B 4500-O-B 4500-PO 4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

3.71

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

0.29

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

0.12 < 0.01 0.02 0.01 <0.08 < 0.005 0.02 < 0.05 < 0.02 0.53 < 0.01 0.01 < 0.001 < 0.01 <2.0 < 0.02 0.12

0.5 0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

4500-NO 3+-B 1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

4500-NH 3 -C ++ 3114 C, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 D, 3030 F 3500-B-C 3111 D, 3030 F 3111 C, 3030 F 3500-Cr-B 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 4500-Cl-D 4500-CN-E 4500-F-D 4500-NO 2-B

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate Free Chlorine

mg/L mg/L

15 < 0.01

400 0.03

0.03

4500-SO 42--E

Sulfur as H 2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-S 2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

115 63.6 10.2 < 0.01

Phosphate Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L mg/L

3.71 0.74 156

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO 4-C

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 60

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

4500-Cl-B

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : Iron, Phosphate

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WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Jreue Name of Location : KJ-2-1 (Krueng Jreue River)-Water Sample Control Coordinate : N 05 ° 24' 36,7 " and E 95° 27' 07.2" Date of Sampling : 08/31/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 90 1

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

mg/L

7.69 2

6-9 2

6-9 3

6-9

5-9

4500-H +-B 5210 B

mg/L mg/L

2.96 6

10 6

25 4

Inorganic Chemical : pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K 2Cr2O7 Dissolved Oxygen

5220 B 4500-O-B 4500-PO 4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

5.54

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

0.24

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

< 0.01 < 0.01 0.04 < 0.01 <0.08 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.001 < 0.01 <2.0 < 0.02 < 0.01

0.5 0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

4500-NO 3+-B 1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

4500-NH 3 -C ++ 3114 C, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 D, 3030 F 3500-B-C 3111 D, 3030 F 3111 C, 3030 F 3500-Cr-B 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 4500-Cl-D 4500-CN-E 4500-F-D 4500-NO 2-B

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate Free Chlorine

mg/L mg/L

11.9 < 0.01

400 0.03

0.03

4500-SO 42--E

Sulfur as H 2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-S 2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

78.8 52.2 8.61 < 0.01

Phosphate Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L mg/L

5.54 0.74 90

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO 4-C

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 160

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

4500-Cl-B

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : Phosphate

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Jreue Name of Location : KJ-1 (Krueng Jreue River) Coordinate : N 05° 22’ 18.8” and E 95° 25’ 58.6” Date of Sampling : 08/31/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 191 35

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

mg/L

7.74 2

6-9 2

6-9 3

6-9

5-9

4500-H +-B 5210 B

mg/L mg/L

3.01 6

10 6

25 4

Inorganic Chemical : pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K 2Cr2O7 Dissolved Oxygen

5220 B 4500-O-B 4500-PO 4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

5.48

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

0.77

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

0.1 < 0.01 0.02 0.01 <0.08 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 1.04 < 0.01 0.01 < 0.001 < 0.01 <2.0 < 0.02 0.18

0.5 0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

4500-NO 3+-B 1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

4500-NH 3 -C ++ 3114 C, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 D, 3030 F 3500-B-C 3111 D, 3030 F 3111 C, 3030 F 3500-Cr-B 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 4500-Cl-D 4500-CN-E 4500-F-D 4500-NO 2-B

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate Free Chlorine

mg/L mg/L

24.3 < 0.01

400 0.03

0.03

4500-SO 42--E

Sulfur as H 2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-S 2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

176 107 20.6 < 0.01

Phosphate Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L mg/L

5.48 2.03 191

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO 4-C

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

300 16000

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

4500-Cl-B

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : Iron, Phosphate, Faecal Coliform and Total Coliform

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WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Mata Ie Water Spring Name of Location : MI-1 Mata Ie Spring Water Coordinate : N 05° 29' 49.8" and E 095° 17' 44.7" Date of Sampling : 09/02/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 186 1

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

mg/L

7.53 2

6-9 2

6-9 3

6-9

5-9

4500-H +-B 5210 B

mg/L mg/L

3.08 6.51

10 6

25 4

Inorganic Chemical : pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K 2Cr2O7 Dissolved Oxygen

5220 B 4500-O-B 4500-PO 4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

2.05

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

2.12

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

< 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.02 0.01 <0.08 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.001 < 0.01 4.62 < 0.02 <0.10

0.5 0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate Free Chlorine

mg/L mg/L

1.6 < 0.01

400 0.03

0.03

4500-SO 42--E

Sulfur as H 2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-S 2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

173 131 10.6 < 0.01

Phosphate Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L mg/L

2.05 2.73 186

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO 4-C

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

600 36000

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : Faecal Coliform, Total Coliform and Phosphate

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WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Jreuk Balle (Deep Well) Name of Location : JRB-1 (Jreuk Balle Deep Well) Coordinate : N 05° 26' 55.1" and E 095° 25' 07.0" Date of Sampling : 09/04/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

Test Results

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 313 1

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

mg/L

7.32 2

6-9 2

6-9 3

6-9

5-9

4500-H +-B 5210 B

mg/L mg/L

6 5

10 6

25 4

Inorganic Chemical : pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K 2Cr2O7 Dissolved Oxygen

5220 B 4500-O-B 4500-PO 4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

12.2

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

1.27

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

<0.01 <0.01 0.04 0.09 <0.08 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 <0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.001 < 0.01 9.02 < 0.02 0.23

0.5 0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

4500-NO 3+-B 1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

4500-NH 3 -C ++ 3114 C, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 D, 3030 F 3500-B-C 3111 D, 3030 F 3111 C, 3030 F 3500-Cr-B 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 3111 B, 3030 F 4500-Cl-D 4500-CN-E 4500-F-D 4500-NO 2-B

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate Free Chlorine

mg/L mg/L

1.3 < 0.01

400 0.03

0.03

4500-SO 42--E

Sulfur as H 2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-S 2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

301 100 70.1 < 0.01

Phosphate Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L mg/L

12.2 8.34 313

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO 4-C

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

0 0

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

4500-Cl-B

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : Phosphate

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WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND HYDROCHEMICAL LOADING STUDY BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Report Water Quality Analysis of Krueng Meuruebo-Meulaboh Name of Location : PS-1 Pasilehan (PDAM New Intake Site) Krueng Meuruebo-Meulaboh) Coordinate : N 04° 10' 27.7" and E 96° 09' 12.2" Date of Sampling : 09/07/2006 REPORT OF ANALYSIS

Parameter Physical : Temperatur at Lab Dissolved Solid Suspended Solid

Units

WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BY GOV. DECREE 82/2001 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE Test Results Class I Class II Class III

Class IV

Methods

°C mg/L mg/L

26 74 92

Normal ±3 1000 50

Normal ±3 1000 400

Normal ±5 2000 400

2550 B 2540 C 2540 D

mg/L

7.47 5

6-9 2

6-9 3

6-9

5-9

4500-H +-B 5210 B

mg/L mg/L

12 6

10 6

25 4

Inorganic Chemical : pH BOD 5 days 20 °C COD by K 2Cr2O7 Dissolved Oxygen

5220 B 4500-O-B 4500-PO 4-C

Total Phosphate as P

mg/L

4.23

0.2

Nitrate as N

mg/L

2.67

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

0.45 < 0.01 < 0.02 0.05 <0.08 < 0.005 < 0.01 < 0.05 < 0.02 0.14 < 0.01 0.01 < 0.001 < 0.01 < 2.0 < 0.02 <0.10

0.5 0.05 0.2 1 1 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.3 0.03 0.1 0.001 0.05 600 0.02 0.5

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.02 1.5

4500-NO 3+-B 4500-NH 3 -C ++

1 0.2 1 0.05 0.01 1 0.02 1 0.005 2 -

Nitrite as N

mg/L

< 0.02

0.06

Sulfate Free Chlorine

mg/L mg/L

14.5 < 0.01

400 0.03

0.03

4500-SO 42--E

Sulfur as H 2S

mg/L

< 0.02

0.002

4500-S 2--D

Additional Parameter : Bicarbonate Calcium Magnesium Molybdenum

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

67.4 36.2 8.03 < 0.01

Phosphate Potassium Total Dissolved Solid

mg/L mg/L mg/L

4.23 1.91 74

2320 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 3030 E, 3120 B 4500-PO 4-C

Microbiological : Faecal Coliform Total Coliform

per 100 mL per 100 mL

20 160

100 1000

1000 5000

2000 10000

9222 D 9222 B

µg/L µg/L µg/L

< 1400 < 50 < 10

1000 200 1

5520 B 5540 C 5530 C

<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

210 17 3 2 18 56 35 1 5 -

210 2 4 -

2 -

US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080 US EPA SW-846-8080

Organic Chemical : Oil & Grease Surfactants Anionic as MBAS Phenolic Compound

4500-Cl-B

3030 E, 3120 B 2320 B

Notes : Exceed the maximum permissible for the folowing parameters : BOD, COD, Phosphate and Total Suspended Solid

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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APPENDIX F SPRING PROTECTION POWERPOINT

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161

SPRING PROTECTION IN ACEH PROVINCE What is a spring? Springs are a major source of clean water for villages and major communities in Aceh Province. A spring is where underground water or groundwater flows to the surface. Springs occur when groundwater flows to the ground surface either due to gravity (gravity or contact springs) or under pressure (artesian). In general, groundwater is formed when rainfall infiltrating into the ground fills up void spaces in rocks with water. Rocks which contain water are considered to be porous and are known as an aquifer. At some point, the infiltrating water can go no further because the rocks have few or no void spaces. This layer of rock is considered to be impermeable. The water level above impermeable layer is called the water table. In cases where groundwater is under pressure because fractured or porous rocks are bounded by two impermeable layers and recharge occurs at a higher elevation. Artesian springs come to the surface due to an excavation or natural break in the rock,. Why should we be concerned? Springs can make very good water supplies. Springs found above a village, can feed a piped system and provide water for homes. When a spring is at the same, or lower, level than the village, it can still be used for water supplies but protection may be more difficult. However, underground water that form springs can be contaminated with nutrients and bacteria due to human and animal waste percolating down into ground from seepage pits, feed lots and other sources. Other contaminants such as pesticides, trace metals, household solvents, and oil and grease are also of concern. Hazards from other contaminants which could affect spring quality are presented in the adjacent text box.

Other Hazards to Spring Water Pesticides. The organophosphates and the carbonates present in pesticides affect and damage the nervous system and can cause cancer. Some of the pesticides contain carcinogens that exceed recommended levels. They contain chlorides that cause reproductive and endocrinal damage. Lead. Lead is hazardous to health as it accumulates in the body and affects the central nervous system. Children and pregnant women are most at risk. Fluoride. Excess fluorides can cause yellowing of the teeth and damage to the spinal cord and other crippling diseases. Nitrates. Drinking water that gets contaminated with nitrates can prove fatal especially to infants that drink formula milk as it restricts the amount of oxygen that reaches the brain causing the ‘blue baby’ syndrome. It is also linked to digestive tract cancers. It causes algae to bloom resulting in eutrophication in surface water. Petrochemicals. Benzene and other petrochemicals can cause cancer even at low exposure levels. Chlorinated solvents. These are linked to reproduction disorders and to some cancers. Arsenic. Arsenic poisoning through water can cause liver and nervous system damage, vascular diseases and also skin cancer. Other heavy metals. –Heavy metals cause damage to the nervous system and the kidney, and other metabolic disruptions. Salts. It makes the fresh water unusable for drinking and irrigation purposes.

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Diarrhea Reduction and Spring Protection One of the primary objectives of the Central Java USAID-ESP is assist health departments in reducing the occurrence of diarrhea in children. As defined by the WH0 (2000), diarrhea is the passage of loose or liquid stools more frequently than is normal for the individual. It is primarily a symptom of gastrointestinal infection. Depending on the type of infection, the diarrhea may be watery (for example in cholera) or passed with blood (in dysentery for example). Diarrhea due to infection may last a few days, or several weeks, as in persistent diarrhea. Severe diarrhea may be life threatening due to fluid loss in watery diarrhea, particularly in infants and young children, the malnourished and people with impaired immunity. Diarrhea is a symptom of infection caused by a host of bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms most of which can be spread by contaminated water. It is more common when there is a shortage of clean water for drinking, cooking and cleaning and basic hygiene is important in prevention. Water contaminated with human faeces for example from municipal sewage, septic tanks and latrines is of special concern. Animal faeces also contain microorganisms that can cause diarrhea. By protecting springs from these sources of contamination, USAID-ESP believes that the recurrence of diarrhea in villages can be greatly reduced.

Many diseases are caused by ingesting water that is contaminated by diseasecausing organisms or “pathogens” that come from human waste or faeces. These diseases, which include severe diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, giardiasis, typhoid and intestinal worm infections, are responsible for much sickness and many deaths each year. If a seepage pit, is located above a spring, there is a high possibility that the seepage from faeces with carry bacteria to the spring water. In addition, it springs form areas of standing water diseases transmitted by vectors such as mosquitoes (malaria) and sandflies (leishmaniasis) and those with intermediate hosts in fresh water such as snails (schistosomiasis) can occur. What is the Current Situation? USAID-ESP is in the process of working with villages in subwatersheds of Kr. Aceh. Discussion with community leaders and villagers indicate that springs and their protection are of major concern. A Scoping Study performed by USAID-ESP indicated the following.

Springs in villages are not only a major source of water for villages but also act as a social gathering place. With deforestation, spring source areas have become farm land and agricultural practices affect the only quality of the spring water. At this time, for little or no data is available which would helpful in examining the effects of agriculture, however, over use of fertilizers and pesticides is major concern. Runoff from agricultural lands into spring catchment areas is often not controlled and human activities around springs such as bathing is not restricted. In addition, seepage pits were found to be located above spring “eyes” or discharge points and animal feedlots were at located nearby. Each of these act as a source of contamination. It is uncertain at this time as to the consequences of these poor spring management practices on the health of Aceh. Through questionnaires and surveys USAID-ESP is evaluating the impact of these practices on the overall health of the village. However, it is believed that using basic spring protection techniques as described below, potential hazards to springs will be reduced and the overall health of villagers will improve.

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Runoff Entering A Discharge Area

How are springs protected? Spring protection can be introduced to villages on several levels. Spring protection areas can be divided into three zones. Zone 1 represents the area in the direct vicinity of the “eye” of the spring where the water emerges. Zone 2 is the area directly up gradient from the “eye”. The length and width of Zone 2 is based on the nature of the rocks and the shape of the hydrologic basin. Zone 3 basically encompasses the entire basin that contributes water to the spring. To protect a spring in Zone 1, a simple management plan can be developed. This plan would include community based programs to: • Divert runoff away from spring discharge areas • Locate fresh water intakes near spring discharge points • Keep seepage pits, septic tanks at least 15 meters preferably downstream from spring discharge point(s) • Pick up litter and organic debris around the spring • Do not allow the pond to become stagnant • Designate bathing areas downstream from fresh water intakes More specially, at the spring “eye” as described by Howard et al (2002), a retaining wall or berm could be constructed around the outlet. The area behind the wall or berm could be backfilled with sand and stones to filter water as it enters the box

and help remove contamination in the groundwater. The backfill area would be capped with clay and grass is planted on top. The whole area would then be fenced and a ditch dug above the spring to prevent surface water from eroding the backfill area and contaminating the spring. If resources are available, the collection area should be covered with concrete and sufficient space left beneath the outlet pipe for people to place jerry cans and buckets. A lined drain should be constructed to carry spilled water away from the spring. This water could be used for laundry, to feed an animal-watering trough or for irrigating a garden. To prevent mosquito breeding, water from the spring should not be allowed to form pools. All spring collection areas will need to be maintained. To determine, it maintenance is required, the following basic checks for protected springs should be carried out: • • • • • • • • • •

Does the water change color after rain? Has a water-quality test been carried out recently? Did the community receive the results of the test and understand them? Is the area behind the retaining wall losing the grass cover? Does the retaining wall show signs of damage? Does the uphill ditch need clearing? Does the downhill ditch need clearing? Does the fence need repair? Does the grass behind the retaining wall need cutting? Do the outlets leak?

The need to monitor spring water quality cannot be understated. Indonesia has specific standards for drinking water and a complete analysis of spring waters should be taken on at least a quarterly basis. Should visible changes such an increase in turbidity (cloudiness) occur samples should be taken and analyzed for at a minimum of total and fecal coliforms.

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Where can more information be found? In the literature, there is considerable information on spring and water resource protection. The World Bank, the World Health Organization, as well as U.S. Environmental Protection agency have done considerable work in this area. Two references that were very helpful in preparing this fact sheet include:

Zone 1 - Protected Area (Howard et al, 2002)

Protection in Zones 2 and 3 are more problematic. As illustrated below, sources of pollution come a variety of sources and are largely dependent of the land uses directly up gradient from the spring “eye.” Because spring water originate in these areas, it is important that villagers understand how various practices affect their water supply and how they can work with farmer, industries, miners, and others to reduce the impact to their water supply. This is not a easy practice because employment is villages is dependent on these land use practices. However, community and watershed forums have proven to be effective in modifying behaviors of polluters. As part of the USAID-ESP community outreach program, discussion forums will be established and will form the basis for these spring protection discussions and actions.

Howard, Guy and the WHO, 2002, “Healthy Villages A guide for communities and community health workers,” Water, Engineering and Development Centre Loughborough University, Loughborough, England.

WHO, 2000, “GLOBAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION ASSESSMENT. World Health Organization. Geneva

Zone 2 and 3 Pollution Sources

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ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM Ratu Plaza Building, 17th. Fl. Jl. Jend. Sudirman No. 9 Jakarta 10270 Indonesia Tel. +62-21-720-9594 Fax. +62-21-720-4546 www.esp.or.id