Second Story of Longitudinal Study_FINAL by ESP Indonesia

SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; MARCH 2007

MARCH 2007 This publication was produced by Development Alternatives, Inc. the United States Agency for International Development under Contract No. 497-M-00-05-00005-00

SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

Title: Program, activity, or project number: Strategic objective number: Sponsoring USAID office and contract number:

Second Story of ESP Longitudinal Study October 2006 – March 2007 Environmental Services Program, DAI Project Number: 5300201. SO No. 2, Higher Quality Basic Human Services Utilized (BHS). USAID/Indonesia, Contract number: 497-M-00-05-00005-00.

Contractor name:

DAI.

Date of publication:

March 2007

TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ III 1.

INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1

ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY SITES...................................................................................3

3. PROGRESS AND TREND OF CHANGE OF LONGITUDINAL STUDY SITES IN NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM (NAD)................................................................................4 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4.

CLEAN, GREEN AND HYGIENE IN LHOKNGA – LAMKRUET VILLAGE ..............................................4 MINI-ESPS IN THE WEST COAST CORRIDOR – SAWANG VILLAGE, ACEH JAYA ..............................8 BLUE THREAD IN DAS KRUENG ACEH – JRUEK BALEE VILLAGE .....................................................11 PDAM INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM –PDAM ACEH BARAT ...................15

4. PROGRESS AND TREND OF CHANGE OF LONGITUDINAL SITES IN NORTH SUMATRA...........................................................................................................................................17 4.1. 4.2.

BLUE THREAD IN SUB-DAS LAU PETANI – SEMANGAT GUNUNG AND DOULU VILLAGES .................17 CLEAN, GREEN AND HYGIENE IN MEDAN METROPOLITAN AREA ..................................................20

5. PROGRESS AND TREND OF CHANGE OF LONGITUDINAL STUDY SITES IN DKI JAKARTA ....................................................................................................................................24 5.1. 5.2.

USAID ANCHOR SITE IN PETOJO UTARA VILLAGE OF GAMBIR SUB-DISTRICT (CENTRAL JAKARTA) ..24 USAID ANCHOR SITE IN JEMBATAN BESI VILLAGE OF TAMBORA SUB-DISTRICT (WEST JAKARTA) .....28

6. PROGRESS AND TREND OF CHANGE OF LONGITUDINAL STUDY SITES IN WEST JAVA........................................................................................................................................31 6.1. 6.2.

ANCHOR SITES IN SUD-DAS CIKUNDUL-CILAKU, CIANJUR – NAGRAK VILLAGE .............................31 BLUE THREAD IN CIKAPUNDUNG, BANDUNG – TAMANSARI NEIGHBORHOOD .............................35

7. PROGRESS AND TREND OF CHANGE OF LONGITUDINAL STUDY SITES IN CENTRAL JAVA/DI YOGYAKARTA............................................................................................38 7.1. 7.2. 7.3.

MINI ESP IN TANGSI SUBWATERSHED – SAMBAK VILLAGE .............................................................38 MINI ESP IN TANGSI SUBWATERSHED – SUTOPATI VILLAGE ..........................................................41 CLEAN, GREEN AND HYGIENE IN YOGYAKARTA .........................................................................44

8. PROGRESS AND TREND OF CHANGE OF LONGITUDINAL STUDY SITES IN EAST JAVA .........................................................................................................................................47 8.1. 8.2.

ANCHOR SITE IN SURABAYA – WONOKROMO VILLAGE ..............................................................47 BLUE THREAD IN TEMAS (SUMBER BRANTAS SUB WATERSHED) ....................................................51

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The two main approaches used in ESP Monitoring and Evaluation are quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative approach is used to report the achievement of ESP outcomes through the regular ESP reports: ESP Quarterly Progress Report and ESP Annual Report. The qualitative approach involves reportage done through the implementation of the ESP Longitudinal Study. The ESP Longitudinal Study monitors the impact of activities and changes by looking at the same situation through the same lens over different periods of time. This study reportage is done mainly through comprehensive narratives that include pictures to convey the stories recorded in each period. Each ESP Longitudinal Study reporting period is six months long. ESP has selected 15 specific sites across ESP High Priority Provinces (HPPs) for the implementation of the study. Based on the recent progress in ESP activities at the sites, “The Second Story of ESP Longitudinal Study” presents the progress and trends in changes at the sites during in the period of October 2006 to March 2007. This report is the continuation of the first ESP Longitudinal Study report titled “Profile of ESP Longitudinal Study”. This second story presents mostly the progress and change occurring in connection with the “first persons” who are actively involved in the ESP activities, or those who have benefited from ESP activities in ways that affect their lives. This story is developed based on interviews with the persons from the sites. The themes of the stories are related to ESP’s mission to promote better health through improved water resource management and expanded access to clean water and sanitation services. Each story from each site is started with a brief narrative on the problems related to water resource management, water and sanitation, as well as related health problems faced at the location. This is followed by a description of ESP activities conducted during the period cited. The following section will be the “heart” of the report describing a specific story of the “first person” in relation with the ESP program activities. Several points will be made from these stories: • Progress has been made toward improving conditions in their village or neighborhood • The knowledge and experiences of “first persons” have improved and expanded due to active participation in the ESP program • The “first persons” or their families and communities have benefited from the impact of the ESP activities. The report is concluded by an updated map from the site that details the physical indicators, such as the number of community nurseries, of solid waste management posts, of hand washing stations, of members of community cadre, and so on, during the study period. Several pictures are embedded in the stories to illustrate the actions and activities carried out by the “first persons” and his/her community groups.

1. INTRODUCTION The Environmental Services Program (ESP), Contract No. 497-M-00-05-00005-00, is a fiftyeight month program funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented under the leadership of Development Alternatives, Inc. (DAI). ESP works with government, the private sector, NGOs, community groups and other stakeholders to promote better health through improved water resources management and expanded access to clean water and sanitation services. The period of the project is from December 2004 through September 2009. ESP activities are focused on 6 High Priority Integrated Provinces (HPPs): Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, North Sumatra, East Java, Central Java/DIY Yogyakarta, West Java, and DKI Jakarta. ESP also supports a limited set of activities in Padang, West Sumatra; Balikpapan, East Kalimantan; Manado, North Sulawesi; and Manokwari and Jayapura, Papua. ESP is part of USAID/Indonesia’s Basic Human Services (BHS) Strategic Objective (SO), which focuses on the interdependence of health and the environment, and their effect on health outcomes. USAID/BHS activities strive to improve the quality of three basic human services, water, food/nutrition and health, to improve the lives of Indonesians. ESP partners under the BHS umbrella include the Health Services Program (HSP), Safe Water Systems (SWS) and Food Security and Nutrition (FSN) – an international NGO. In addition, ESP collaborates closely outside of BHS with programs under other USAID Strategic Objectives for Indonesia and the Southeast Asian Region. ESP collaborates with two of the three Decentralized Basic Education (DBE) projects to provide services and assistance to schools, and LGSP to support local governance capacity building. Regionally, ESP collaborates with the Eco-Asia project on issues related to improved management of municipal water utilities and expanding access to drinking water for the poor. ESP takes a ‘Ridges to Reefs’ approach to linking water resources management with improved health. Integrated technical components include Watershed Management and Biodiversity Conservation, focusing on raw water resource conservation and rehabilitation, as well as biodiversity conservation; Environmental Services Delivery, ensuring increased access to clean water, sanitation services and improved hygiene behavioral change; and Environmental Services Finance, leveraging necessary investment in infrastructure, microfinance and environmental service rewards; and Strategic Communications for Behavior Change, which integrates Health and Hygiene Behavior Change at the household and community level, with Public Outreach Communications at the community to provincial level. In Aceh, ESP has an additional technical component, Environmentally Sustainable Design and Implementation. A Program Management component provides overall guidance and support for ESP, and also manages cross-cutting technical support in Program Communications, Monitoring and Evaluation, Small Grants, GIS, and Gender. All of ESP’s work is implemented in an integrated manner, through which links are made among various technical components, as well as with our USAID/BHS partner programs. As part of the program management activities, Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) contribute to maintaining progress in program achievement. ESP M&E focus on regular presentation of program achievements that consist of two types of information in reports; quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative information is developed based on the contracted outcomes and deliverables as described in the approved document of Performance Monitoring Plan (PMP). The M&E qualitative achievements are reported through the implementation of ESP

SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; MARCH 2007

Longitudinal Studies. This documentation focuses on the presentation of program impact in specific locations over a given period of time (every six months). More important, the Longitudinal Studies report tell stories of ESP successes through a journalistic approach, personalizing the impact of the quantitative data, as well as demonstrating integration among the components in the specific locations. The longitudinal study report is the compilation of a concise story that shows the peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s experience, changes, and lessons learned regularly from selected locations.

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; MARCH 2007

2. ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY SITES The ESP Longitudinal Study is implemented in 15 specific sites across 6 ESP High Priority Provinces (HPPs). The location is a set of specific villages and neighborhoods and represents the sites of ESP component activities. The map below presents details on the location of the ESP Longitudinal Study sites.

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

3. PROGRESS AND TREND OF CHANGE OF LONGITUDINAL STUDY SITES IN NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM (NAD) 3.1. CLEAN, GREEN AND HYGIENE IN LHOKNGA – LAMKRUET VILLAGE Site Overview Almost all water sources, including PDAM pipes, were destroyed in Lamkruet village, which is located in one of the areas most severely damaged by the tsunami in Aceh. International NGOs and other organizations that develop the humanitarian programs have mostly assisted people in the stricken area with the construction of barracks, including water and sanitation facilities. Lamkruet village is located in Lhoknga subdistrict, which is part of Aceh Besar district, in the downstream section of the Kreng Aceh watershed area. Since ESP works using an integrated approach “from ridge to reef”, this area has become a strategic site for ESP for two reasons: 1) area affected by the tsunami; and 2) part of integrated area because ESP is currently also working in the up-stream segment of the Krueng Aceh watershed area. The following problems were identified related to ESP implementation: • The condition of sanitation facilities after the tsunami was abominable, with function severely curtailed, causing major problems for the local community, exacerbated by lack of knowledge about reconstruction of sustainable sanitation systems; • There was poor access to clean water services for locals due to damage from the tsunami; • There was environmental degradation due to the Aceh conflict and the tsunami, with Lamkruet village having lost most of its vegetation, including vegetable gardens and fruit tree plantations; along with the clogging of the Raba River, the main waterway in the village, by debris and fallen trees.

ESP Activities ESP’s plan was to focus initially on water and sanitation issues. ESP contributed the Perfektor E for water supply and worked on community sub-surface wetlands. During the period of October 2006 to March 2007, ESP also conducted several activities to help the Lamkruet Village people solve their problems. These activities were: • ESP Field School program in Lampuuk village; • Assessment through census activities to collect baseline data on water and sanitation facilities in Lhoknga sub-district;

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

• •

Development of a community-based sanitation system in Lamkruet Village through training on wetland communal systems and the organization of community group activities, as well as publication and dissemination of information on this program; Development of a community-based water supply program in Nusa Village through several activities, such as training for community members on the piping system and its maintenance; and the construction of the piping system itself; as well as the implementation of a public awareness drives highlighting program activities.

Story of ESP Longitudinal Study Simple Things That Are Meaningful For Us Lamkruet is a coastal village located less than a kilometer from the Indian Ocean in Lhoknga Subdistrict of Aceh Besar District, and is about 20 kilometers from Banda Aceh. The village is made up of three sub-villages and bounded on the south by the short Krueng Raba. Village residents estimate that 860 people (306 households) survived the tsunami (there were over 2000 residents in the village on the morning of December 26, 2005). Aisyah is one among hundreds of tsunami survivors that still live in barracks. Her roots in Lamkruet Village reach back to her grandfather, and she is one of six siblings in her family. She was at home when the tsunami hit the village. Soon after the havoc was over, the villagers flee to Jantho. “We were so scared at that time. We didn’t know what to do then,” Aisyah explained.

Aisyah and her son Rahmat. She is actively involved in managing the ESP built village sanitation facility.

“What ESP has done for our village, may seem a simple thing, but it’s important for us” says Ibu Aisyah.

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

“Nothing was left in our houses,” Aisyah said further. The tsunami also took her beloved husband. “My husband used to be called Om in this village. He was so friendly, and that made him close to the young people here,” Aisyah added. Before a year had passed after the tsunami, Aisyah gave birth to her second child. She gave him the name Rahmat. “Sometimes I still feel lonely and sad when I look at Rahmat because he will never be able to meet his father,” Aisyah said. In this village there is one old well call Mon Bungong by the locals. It was built in 1975. Until now, most of the local women prefer to wash their clothes and to bathe with water from this well, rather than using the public shower facilities in the barracks. The same thing goes for the public toilet that was built beside the well. “We ought to use the toilet in the barracks, but we always come here, even though it has not been functioning properly for months. So, now, quite a few people are using the nearby rice field as their toilet, “ Aisyah explained. The women of Lamkruet have asked for assistance with the reconstruction of the public toilet, and ESP has established collaboration with a women’s group to reconstruct their old public toilet. The women’s group will help the construction workers to do simple things, such as transport the bricks and sand to the site. “Maybe people might find it odd to find that we prefer to use the public toilet, rather than the one that has been built in our new home. I am just so thankful for what ESP has been giving to our community here. We asked such a simple thing, but it’s really meaningful for us. Soon we will be able to use our old public toilet. I can only say, it might be a simple, thing but it’s important for us,” Aisyah says repeatedly.

Updated Map of the ESP Longitudinal Study Site

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

3.2. MINI-ESPS IN THE WEST COAST CORRIDOR – SAWANG VILLAGE, ACEH JAYA Sawang village is one of the areas damaged by the tsunami in 2004. Due to this disaster, most of public facilities there were destroyed, and most area residents lost loved ones and their livelihoods. The tsunami changed their lives irreversibly. Initially, ESP encountered difficulties in working with this community because the villagers had been so traumatized by the disaster, and lacked motivation to try to reconstruct their lives. However, the recovery process proceeded slowly but surely. Initially ESP worked with the Laguen Indah Community Group, which had10 members, to implement the Sustainable Livelihood Assessment (SLA). The resulting SLA action plans SLA were then focused on solving the following problems: • The pressing need to replace, repair, and/or improve water and sanitation facilities in the wake of the tsunami disaster; • The pressing need to replace the vegetations along the beach and the villagers’ home gardens destroyed in the tsunami.

ESP Activities Based upon these problems, the Lageun Indah Community Group carried out the following activities, including developing a community nursery, during the period of October 2006 to March 2007: • Development of community nursery to support the implementation of the land rehabilitation program in Sawang village; • Coastal rehabilitation along the beach of Sawang village through several activities, such as Focus Group Discussions (FGD), training and communal tree planting along the beach, and the maintenance and monitoring of the land rehabilitation program; • Tree planting along the main road of Sawang village; and • Steps toward the development of a community-based water supply, including initial assessment and training on the development of a piping system and its maintenance.

Story of ESP Longitudinal Study Nursery Development in Sawang: Not As Easy As Turning Over One’s Hand “When ESP Aceh introduced us to the concept of a community nursery, first of all, we thought that it would be impossible to establish the community nursery in Sawang village because of the bad conditions existing there after the tsunami,” explained T. Rusli, a member of the Lageun Indah Community Group that provided land for free to be used for the location of the nursery. The people in this village faced the problem of flooding, especially in the rainy season, which made them doubt that a nursery could be established there. Another factor in their lack of confidence about this project was the fact that most of them had worked as traders or fishermen before the tsunami, not as famers.

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

PHOTO BY YASSER PREMANA

Flooding at the nursery site in July 2006. No seedlings had been planted yet.

PHOTO BY T. ABDUL MUSHADDAQ

Flooding in the dry season; a road is submerged.

However, after taking part in training in a joint training program on plant propagation/ cultivation taught by Mr. Sulaiman in Tanjung Morawa, Medan (North Sumatra) with the support of ESP Aceh at end of June 2006, the villagers became more positive about the possibilities. The group members actually become optimistic that they could develop the nursery. ”Before I was a trader, now I am a farmer. I share and introduce knowledge on plant propagation/cultivation to other people in order to rebuild Sawang village. I am sure that our beach will once again be as green as before the tsunami through these community nursery activities”, Mr. Sulaiman said. The biggest challenge is the condition of the mouth of the Krueng Lageun estuary, which often becomes blocked by sand, especially during the stormy monsoon season (musim angin barat). When the mouth of Krueng Lageun estuary is covered by sand, the Lageun river rises and submerges most of Sawang village, including houses, roads, and other facilities. This never happened before the tsunami.

PHOTO BY YASSER PREMANA

Mr. Sulaiman opens up the estuary using a hoe. “I understand that the flooding can sometimes destroy our nursery. We can’t always open the estuary quickly and effectively with our hoes, and we should find a way to better protect our nursery. ESP has helped us to raise the height of our nursery bed,” Mr. Sulaiman says.

ESP has taken an integrated approach in the development of this nursery, which requires water to spray the plants regularly. The ESP Water and Sanitation Team has supported this nursery with a water tower and the establishment of a wet land sanitation system. Thousands of seedlings have now been planted in this nursery by community groups, who are expanding it with their own resources; for example they built the roof for the seedling bed using their own funds. The nursery is also used as a training center for the community. “Currently, the Community Nursery in Sawang looks green. It is now hard to imagine how bad this land was before the nursery was established. That is in the past; now a lot of bushes are growing in this place after the tsunami disaster,” said Unzir, the head of the Laguen Indah Community Group, which has 10 members.

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Seedlings grow well in the Sawang nursery, despite the stress experienced in long distance transfer, due to the skillful hands of the people developing the nursery. After a time, the newly transferred seedlings become stronger and healthier and ready to plant in the degraded land of Sawang Village. This experience has imbued the Lageun Indah Group members with confidence and motivation to continue to reach for their dream of a greener, better living environment. (Written by Irfan Djailani and translated by Alifah Sri Lestari).

PHOTO BY HENDRA SYAHRIAL

Several kinds of seedlings grown at Sawang village nursery. Cemara seedlings, that require special treatment, are placed in higher seedbeds, and are usually thriving there within a month, so they are fairly quickly ready for planting.

Updated Map of the ESP Longitudinal Study Site

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

3.3. BLUE THREAD IN DAS KRUENG ACEH – JRUEK BALEE VILLAGE Site Overview The impact of the tsunami disaster in Aceh in 2004 did not influence the conditions at Jruek Balee Village because it part of the upstream area of the Krueng Aceh watershed. However, this area is important for the downstream section of the of Krueng Aceh watershed area, which was affected by the tsunami. Problems encountered in ESP implementation at Jruek Balee Village were: • Increased sand and soil excavation that extended the area of marginal land in Jruek Balee village during the post tsunami period; • Increased excavation as an environmental threat to the village, which can affect the local people’s livelihoods due to potential impact on the already sparse village water supply, as individual well water levels decrease, exacerbating the sanitation situation there as well.

ESP Activities To solve the problems stated above, ESP supported the Jruek Balee villagers through several program activities. The following activities were carried out in the period of October 2006 to March 2007: • Field School training on System of Rice Intensification (SRI) involving effective water management during rice planting for optimum yield; • Development of community nursery through initiation of FGD, training on propagation/cultivation techniques, and tree planting; • Implementation of composting program to strengthen community nurseries activities; • Cross visit by representatives of community group to Medan to learn propagation/cultivation techniques; • Development of community-based water supply through several training programs for community members; • Community forum development; • Initial stage development of local policy on conservation of water sources.

Story of ESP Longitudinal Study The Return of Jruek Balee’s Victory M. Husin, one of the community leaders actively involved in improving the conditions in Jruek Balee Village, was born on August 3, 1956. He was the village chief from 1986 until 1998, and the people there still call him “Pak Geuchik”, which means “village leader or chief” in Acehnese, even though someone else now holds that post. During his tenure as chief, his village was granted the “Best Village 1996” award for the special district of Aceh by former president Soeharto. A year later, Jruek Balee won another award as “Best Village” in the Family Medicinal Plants Category. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

However, these small victories faded in the following years due to the impact of the Aceh conflict and misguided development policy. The village well water levels decreased after the onset of the flood canal development project in Krueng Aceh. Before 1990, the villagers could access water from there wells with only a hand dipper, but now the well water levels have decreased by as much as 25 meters. When a big tree in the village died, the local people believed it was due to accumulative. The environmental conditions worsened after the tsunami disaster, with the water in some area wells becoming oily and slick. The above story reflects the facts gathered during the Sustainable Livelihood Assessment (SLA) conducted by ESP together with community members in Jruek Balee on March 8-10, 2006. However, after nine months of applying what they learned from the SLA the villagers have recorded a vastly long list of improvements, too many to note down on just one piece of paper. They then made even more advancements through further follow up actions. ESP has become such a trusted partner in developing the village that the local people say:”We have just gotten to know about ESP, but through the activities already conducted, we feel that ESP is close to us because their approach is acceptable to the people here.” Pak Geuchik adds: ”I am fully aware that the community nursery is for our own good. Therefore, I lend my land to enable my community to succeed with the community nursery without having to pay any rent.”

PHOTO BY FADLURRAHMANSYAH

Nursery location, before and after Nursery was established.

Jruek Balee has begun to come back into its own again with the support of the ESP ”Community Nursery”. Several high yielding varieties have been produced by the community. Two previously unemployed men, Asnawi and Zuhri, now raise funds from this nursery. ”We are optimistic about the future of this nursery”, says Asnawi. ”All of the high yielding durian seedlings we have raised have been ordered. We sell them for Rp. 15,000 per seedling to outsiders. But we sell them for less to other ESP partners because ESP has helped us to develop this nursery.” In order to facilitate the land rehabilitation program in Jruek Balee village, villagers may trade 10 seeds for 1 seedling. As Pak Geuchik explains, the exchange system is meant to motivate people to support the development of their community nursery. This exchange system is also expected to instill a sense of ownership in the development of the nursery and a feeling of independence or self sufficiency in participants, as well as to support the development of more seedlings for the land rehabilitation program. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

”Look at how clean our village was in the past, when Geuchik Husin led us to get the cleanliness award,” says Asnawi, while showing pictures of the village. “Now, with this nursery, we can also find a way to solve our problem with plastic waste. People now use the big plastic mineral water bottles for the cover during the plant propagation/cultivation process, as well as to prevent damage from insect pests. Small plastic bottles and Styrofoam noodle cups replace the expense of purchasing poly-bags for the nurturing of seedlings. So, the propagation/cultivation of plants can be done in the villagers’ own homes and costs can be minimized”, he added. ”Besides that, we also produce our own compost for our nursery,” says Geuchik Husin. “We are transferring over the compost idea from our experience in composting our rice fields through the SRI (System of Rice Intensification) Program supported by ESP. “We thank to ESP because ESP sent us to learn about the SRI system and composting at the Farmers Learning Center (Wadah Belajar Petani/WBP) in Sidodadi village, Deli Serdang, North Sumatran from May 29 – June 2, 2006. ”Furthermore, the composting effort for the nursery has close relationship with the village’s animal husbandry program, which is supported by the District Office of Animal Husbandry of Aceh Besar. Villagers have received a total of Rp. 350 million in financial support to buy cows and rear them. Now the village livestock assets total as much as Rp. 500 million and efforts to expand further are ongoing. The cow dung form the animal husbandry can be used as raw material for the compost, along with the remnants of cattle fodder, such as banana stems and other organic materials. From this activity, people in Jruek Balee can get additional income,” said Darwin, another activist from the village. “Through the SLA facilitated by ESP, people have started to identify the potentials of their village and to create participatory and sustainable program plans that allow them to determine their own livelihoods. We expect that ESP will always provide support to each program that benefits the people and the environment,” Geuchik M. Husin said. (written by Irfan Djailani, translated by Sari Tobing and Alifah Lestari)

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Updated Map of the ESP Longitudinal Study Site

PHOTO BY HENDRA SYAHRIAL

Use of large plastic bottles as covers for individual plants during the propagation/cultivation period. Right: new shoots after one month of cultivation.

PHOTO BY FAISAL

Using of Styrofoam noodle cups and small plastic mineral water cups to replace poly-bags for nurturing seedlings.

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PHOTO BY IVAN KRISNA

Composting process in support of the nursery.

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3.4. PDAM INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM –PDAM ACEH BARAT Site Overview The tsunami that hit the West Coast of Aceh in 2004 affected the operations of PDAM Aceh Besar, causing a massive decline in PDAM’s service performance for the public. The problems encountered PDAM Aceh Besar after the tsunami are detailed below: • Destruction of PDAM facilities, such as connection systems, installation units and treatment plants; • Reduction in number of customers that disturbed PDAM’s financial stability • Decreased motivation among PDAM employees due to the dire conditions of PDAM facilities, as well as the trauma they had experienced on a personal level because most of PDAM employees had lost family members in the tsunami; • Limited capacities of PDAM human resources.

ESP Activities ESP support for PDAM Aceh Barat during the period of October 2006 to March 2007 comprised the following: • Development of the PDAM Corporate Plan through several focus group discussions • Management training for Middle managers of PDAM Aceh Barat • Comparative study trip to PDAM Tirtanadi Medan • Training for census enumerators on the implementation of the PDAM census • Implementation of PDAM customer and non-customers census in Aceh Barat • Regular Water Quality Monitoring • Training on PDAM budgeting • Development of PDAM Standard Operational Procedures (SOP) for PDAM Aceh Barat

Story of ESP Longitudinal Study The Return of “The Exile“, The Director of PDAM Meulaboh Mr. M. Saifullah, SE, MM, the director of PDAM Tirta Meulaboh Aceh Barat is a firm, disciplined and visionary figure, whose return to the helm of PDAM Tirta Meulaboh has provided a motivational new environment that encourages all PDAM staff to work more professionally. His name has long been a catch phrase for excellence within PDAM Tirta Meulaboh. Unfortunately, for PDAM, in the wake of the tsunami, he was “exiled” from his post as the director of PDAM Meulaboh for unspecified reasons to serve as a government officer for Aceh Barat District for one-and-a half years. This move constituted a real “blow” for PDAM because, at the time, the staff really needed a strong motivational leader to help them overcome the dire conditions and situation they were facing. During this period, PDAM Tirta Meulaboh had difficulties moving forward to once again provide PDAM customers good clean water service. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

Because PDAM lacked a strong leader, its staff lost motivation and divisions emerged that culminated in crisis in September 2006. For this reason the Aceh Barat regent felt that it was time for “the exile” to return to lead PDAM. Nevertheless, the regent had difficulty in persuading Mr. Saifullah to return to the helm of PDAM because he felt that his termination from that post in 2005 had constituted a lack of confidence in his capabilities. Eventually, because he sought God’s will and had a strong sense of confidence in his own leadership skills, he agreed to return to lead PDAM Tirta Meulaboh in Aceh Barat district in September 2006. His inauguration into the post inspired expectations among the PDAM staff of a “fresh breeze” in the direction of change toward new hope and improved performance and better service to the public.

Three months into his renewed leadership, Mr. M. Saefullah, SE, MM had already made major basic changes, one being the revival of staff motivation. He also targeted and has taken strides toward improving the management of PDAM toward achieving healthier operations. To facilitate this process, PDAM Tirta Meulaboh has received support from USAID’s ESP to improve its internal management through revamping its organizational structure, taking back experienced PDAM staff that had been working in other district offices, and the recruitment of just the right people with good expertise. ESP and PDAM have conducted several meetings with the regent of Aceh Barat to get support for these efforts from the regency administration. The most interesting thing about this process has been the “cleaning up” of the PDAM staff through the replacement of civil servants with water management professionals. In many cases this has meant asking staff members to decide whether they wish to retain civil service status or remain on the PDAM staff in another capacity. The main question facing Mr. M. Saefullah, SE, MM now is “how long USAID ESP will continue to support PDAM Tirta Meulaboh’s efforts toward becoming a healthier water company?” This question constitutes a challenge or him as well as for ESP.

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4. PROGRESS AND TREND OF CHANGE OF LONGITUDINAL SITES IN NORTH SUMATRA 4.1. BLUE THREAD IN SUB-DAS LAU PETANI – SEMANGAT GUNUNG AND DOULU VILLAGES Site Overview Doulu and Semangat Gunung villages are cool climate vegetable growing areas in Karo district, about 1000 m above sea level. The villages are located in a Sibayak Mountain valley in Karo District. Springs flowing from those villages run together to form the Petani river (Lau Petani), at the top of the upstream section of the Deli Watershed. Geographically they are adjacent villages, located in the foothills of Sibayak Mountain and surrounded by Tahura Bukit Barisan. This valley has become one of ESP North Sumatra’s important sites because those two villages together constitute an interesting ecological zone: “two adjacent villages in one valley - surrounded by a grand forestry park – all of which form the top of the upstream section of the Deli Watershed. Several problems identified in relation to ESP implementation at this site were: • High level of use of chemical input for agricultural activities and the piracy of top soil or humus for agricultural purposes were threatening the environment; • Solid waste contamination of the spring and limited sanitation facilities in the villages increased the threat to the environment; • Lack of access to water for the local villagers, with the potential for impact on people living along Deli River because the villages are located in the upstream segment of the Deli Watershed area.

ESP Activities As the result of the Sustainable Livelihood Assessment (SLA) conducted in this village, ESP intervention has been focused on reducing the threats to the environment. The following activities were conducted by community groups with the support of ESP Medan during in the period of October 2006 – March 2007: • ESP Field Schools in Doulu and Semangat Gunung villages; • ESP Field School action plan follow-up activities; • Development of watershed management plans for upstream area of Sibayak valley based on the community action plans developed during the ESP Field School activities; • Training for women’s groups on the management of natural resources and health; • Implementation of Ecological Farming Field School for vegetable cultivation in collaboration with USAID – CRSP (Collaborative Research Support Program).

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Story of ESP Longitudinal Study Using Organic Materials for Farming to Reduce Water and Soil Pollution ”Through the application of ecological agriculture in our village, the pollution of water and soil due to the usage of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can be decreased. This all started from ourselves,” said Muhammad Taufiq Purba (26), whom people often call Mr. Opik. He is one of farmers from Doulu Village, Berastagi subdistrict, Karo District. Over a period of several months, Mr. Opik, together with other farmers from his village and the neighboring village, Semangat Gunung, in the upstream section of the Deli watershed, actively studied, practiced and promoted environmentally friendly agriculture through Field School training on ecological agriculture. The Field School is a collaboration program between ESP, FIELD Indonesia (National NGO) and Clemson University, under a program called USAID – CRSP (Collaborative Research Support Program). From July to December 2006, Mr. Opik and other farmers participated in and facilitated the field study on farming without chemical inputs and conduct weekly agroecosystem analyses. After taking part in the field school activities, Mr. Opik started to apply the practices he was learning in his own tomato field. He cultivates around 2000 tomato plants. Usually he applies chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In the last season, however, he switched over to liquid and solid compost he had processed through the fermentation of several ingredients, such as water from washing rice, coconut water, greens and other waste from the kitchen, along with shrimp paste, chicken dung, rabbit dung, and urine. The Mr. Opik and other farmers of Doulu village who compost is used to fertilize his actively practice the ecological cultivation of vegetables tomato plants. To control pests and after they received training at the Ecological Farming disease, he also began using Field School supported by ESP. botanical pesticide made from several local ingredients, such as curcuma, ginger, tobacco, lemon grass, galangale, areca nut, Tithonia leaves, nimba leave, and sulfur. ”Using these local ingredients, we can limit our expenses. In the past, I spent three million, one hundred thousand rupiah just to buy chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Now, I only spend around nine hundred thousand rupiah for this need”, Mr. Opik explained. ”Through the Field School on Ecological Agriculture, I learned a lot of things. Beside the agricultural techniques, I also learned about life, respect for each other, respect of the ideas of other people, cost efficiency, better financial management, and conservation of nature,” he added. With this knowledge, Mr. Opik carefully applied ecological agricultural practices for his tomato plants cultivated in December 2006.”Through the Field School on Ecological ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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Agriculture, I learned a lot of things. Beside the agricultural techniques, I also learned about life, respect for each other, respect of the ideas of other people, cost efficiency, better financial management, and conservation of nature,â&#x20AC;? he added. With this knowledge, Mr. Opik carefully applied ecological agricultural practices for his tomato plants cultivated in December 2006.

Mr. Opik applies ecological farming practices in his own fields, as well as teaching these techniques to other community members in his village.

Updated Map of the ESP Longitudinal Study Site

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4.2. CLEAN, GREEN AND HYGIENE IN MEDAN METROPOLITAN AREA Site Overview Aur neighborhood is an urban area of Medan Municipality located along the banks of Deli River. Aur neighborhood has a population of about 5,472 people, which is distributed throughout nine administrative community units (RW). It covers in area of 7 km², including 3.5 km² of residential area, with the rest being offices and public infrastructure. PDAM provides 95% of the drinking water for the community there, and the rest is obtained from surface wells (5 %). Deli River runs through this village and is utilized as a water source, especially by the people living along the river bank. The way of life of the people there is entrenched in the existence of this river. Most of their daily activities, such as washing, bathing and disposal of domestic waste, are linked to this waterway. Aur Village, which is categorized as a slum, is one of the most densely populated areas in Medan Municipality. Following are several problems identified in relation to the implementation of the ESP in Aur Village: • This neighborhood has serious problems with periodic flooding from the river caused by the bad habits of the people living along the river bank, such as throwing waste into the river; • Most Aur Village residents don’t have toilets in their homes, so the Deli River is used as a convenient place for defecation and urination, besides also functioning as a place to bathe and wash dishes and clothing; • Health issues arising from poor sanitation and hygiene are a serious problem for the village community; and • Shortage of clean water despite the fact villagers are PDAM customers – area residents complain about the poor quality of PDAM water, which is sometimes dirty and sandy.

ESP Activities ESP, together with the activists of the village, have worked tirelessly to increase the awareness of the public of the need to improve sanitation and hygiene in their village through the hand washing with soap campaign and other activities. During the period of October 2006 to March 2007, ESP Medan conducted the following activities to support the welfare of the community: • joint integrated health clinic cadre workshop on water source protection and hygiene behavior for health workers and women from Aur neighborhood; • provision of hand-washing stations for community activities in Aur neighborhood; • training for health clinic cadres on data collection for monitoring health conditions as a part of the diarrhea intervention efforts initiated through the implementation the Ten Minute Monitoring (Mini Baseline) program.

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Community members work together to clean waste out of the river.

Maintaining the cleanliness of the community environment makes children healthier.

Story of ESP Longitudinal Study Mr. Icabâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Vision of a Clean and Healthy Environment in a Flood Prone Area

Hand washing with soap campaign activity for children and youth groups.

Mr. Icab, a simple name well known by the people in his community. He works at a printing agency and runs a small grocery kiosk in Aur Village, Medan Maimun Subdistrict, Medan Municipality. He is highly motivated and enthusiastic about making the village environment clean and free of diseases caused by the poor sanitation and hygiene due to bad waste disposal habits that clog the river, causing chronic flooding. He never keeps quiet about the need to promote the cleanliness of his village environment, and he is constantly urging the community people to work together to clean up their environment regularly, to promote ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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not throwing garbage into the river, and to campaign on hand washing with soap, as well as disseminating messages on the importance of taking care of their environment to anyone who will listen. His initial involvement with USAID ESP was through a workshop on the hand washing with soap campaign conducted in the Aur Village administrative office in 2005. This campaign also promotes the establishment of a healthy and clean environment through the management of solid waste in the village thorough promotion of cleanliness campaign efforts as communal social activities. What he learned at the workshop motivated Mr. Icab to join forces with the heads of the area sub-villages, integrated health clinic cadres, and mosque youth groups, as well as other community youth organizations and teachers. Less than a year later the hand washing with soap and village cleanup campaign activities were being held regularly. The community people even created their own slogans to increase other people’s awareness of the importance of cleanliness and a healthy environment. They also mobilized members of the community to clean up their sub-villages, the river bank area and the gateway areas in the Aur Village community. ”I felt challenged to ask people in my village where there is a risk of flooding to always care for and conserve the environment in order to prevent floods flood. At the very least, this clean and healthy behavior should be started from the household level. Each family should keep their home and its surroundings clean, while making a habit of washing their hands with soap, and not throwing garbage into the river. I always try to do my best to realize our vision of a Clean and Slogans on the importance of hand washing with soap are posted Healthy Environment in the publicly. Flood Prone Area,” he says.

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

Updated Map of the ESP Longitudinal Study Site

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

5. PROGRESS AND TREND OF CHANGE OF LONGITUDINAL STUDY SITES IN DKI JAKARTA 5.1. USAID ANCHOR SITE IN PETOJO UTARA VILLAGE OF GAMBIR SUB-DISTRICT (CENTRAL JAKARTA) Site Overview Community Unit (RW) 08 Petojo Utara is surrounded by tall, storied shops and office buildings. It is located next to Kali Krukut, a waterway that functions primarily to discharge domestic wastewater and for the disposal of garbage. Due to a lack of awareness combined with insufficient garbage disposal and collection systems in the area, the river keeps getting clogged up with solid waste. To address this problem, ESP and other USAID programs (SWS, HSP and FSN) decided to work collaboratively in RW 08 Petojo Utara to help the community people solve their environmental and health problems, such as sanitation, solid waste and water supply. The problems identified in relation to ESP implementation were: • Limited access to latrine facilities: more than 50% of the households relied on the five public latrines (MCK) operated by individual or community groups, while none of them had proper septic tanks, resulting in a health hazard for the surrounding community, and the households that do have toilets discharge the effluent directly into the river. • Access to clean water was also a substantial problem, the ground water is either brackish or contaminated, while the PAM water company, which serves only 40% of the households, suffers problems with discontinuity of supply and intermittent flow. Household water supplies consist of a combination of different water sources: shallow and deep groundwater, PAM connection and bottled water that comes from a variety of providers and which is used for different purposes; • In terms of health and nutritional status, only 160 children from among a total of 250 under five years of age regularly participate in the local integrated health clinic’s weighing program; clinic data indicated that 72 of those children suffered from malnutrition.

ESP Activities The fact that Petojo Utara neighborhood is one of anchor sites for several USAID programs, it was necessary to integrate the efforts being made by USAID’s partners, especially those working to resolve health issues. ESP’s works at this site was focused primarily in the collaborative program developed with other USAID partners. During the period of October 2006 to March 2007, ESP DKI Jakarta conducted several activities at this site: ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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• • • • •

Campaign on health and hygiene as part of integrated health clinic/post activities, with several events at the community level; Campaign on “Clean River, Healthy Life”; Training for integrated health post/clinic cadres and data collection for monitoring of diarrhea intervention through the implementation of the Ten Minute Monitoring (Mini Baseline) program; Participation in workshop on assessment of community health center facilities for water and sanitation infrastructure; and Promotion of Air Rahmat utilization in collaboration with the Aman Tirta Program.

Story of ESP Longitudinal Study Partnering for Improvement: Success Story of Mr. Irwansyah and Wife from Petojo Utara, Central Jakarta Mr. Irwansyah has been married to his beloved wife Mrs. Herra Yunita, known as Ella, for 17 years. They have spent 10 years of their married life helping to support the poor communities in RW 08, Petojo Utara, after Mr. Irwansyah was elected as community head, and Mrs. Herra was appointed to organize an integrated health post/clinic along with coordinating PKK activities and a cadre of local women. He is now serving his third term as community head, and lots of improvements can be seen in the area. Both of them were born and grew up in RW 08, Petojo Utara, so they know every little nook and cranny in this community, and are highly aware of the poor environmental conditions there. His first attempt for environmental improvement started with regreening activities back in 1997. He encouraged the poorest members of the community that occupy two-third of the RW 08 area to start planting trees and other foliage to clean up their environs. The program was so successful that RW 08 was awarded the “Clean and Green Community” award by the local government twice: in1998 and 2005. However, they realized a deeper scale of behavioral change than simply planting and cleaning would be required to effectively address the environmental problems of the community. Therefore, when USAID’s FSN program approached the community in July 2005 for a nutrition drive, they were very happy and helped to conduct a technical assessment and feasibility study for that campaign. They were also more than happy when other USAID programs: ESP, SWS and HSP expressed an interest in supporting their community in February 2006. Mr. and Mrs. Irwansyah shared responsibilities in mobilizing the community to participate in the resulting programs. His close to focus youth and men’s groups, and Mrs. Ella utilized her network with local women’s cadres to involve people at all levels of society in the community. As a result of her efforts, both high and low income households have begun supporting and participating in all phases -- planning, implementation and evaluation – of the various USAID related programs. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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Mr. Irwansyah has repeatedly expressed his gratitude for the continuous support from all USAID partner organizations. He has consistently reported on and enthusiastically pointed out the level of progress that has been achieved so far. For example, the Kampung Hijau program has resulting in the homes in the area all having at least 30 different plants in their small front yards. As well, the composting program, which started in October 2006, has been able to reduce the volume of domestic waste that usually goes into temporary open air dumpsites or, even worse, into the river. Around 312 families are now able to produce good quality compost and are starting to sell the product. The clean river program has now become a regular community program, while a public latrine MCK based on the DEWATS system will soon be built in a centrally located neighborhood unit (RT) to serve around 75 households, or around 375 people, from four different neighborhood units.

Mr. Alfred Nakatsuma (USAID) warmly acknowledges Mr. Irwasyahâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leadership role in holding joint action USAID BHS activities in Petojo Utara.

The community has also been motivated through one major campaign on hand washing with soap to do something concrete to promote better health and hygiene among all area resident. RW 08 Petojo Utara now has four public hand washing stations placed in strategic places where children play or hang around with friends. Consistent messages on health and hygiene issues, including hand washing with soap and healthy snacking, are conveyed regularly during integrated health post/clinic activities and in class during early child education sessions. The children are now bringing those messages home and have been able to influence their siblings and parents to start practicing the positive behaviors they have learned.

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Updated Map of the ESP Longitudinal Study Site

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

5.2. USAID ANCHOR SITE IN JEMBATAN BESI VILLAGE OF TAMBORA SUB-DISTRICT (WEST JAKARTA) Site Overview RW 04 Jembatan Besi is one of the USAID-BHS sites where ESP, SWS and FSN (Mercy Corps) are working jointly on an integrated activity. Poor communities in DKI Jakarta are typically characterized by dense population and positioning near public market areas, coastal/port areas, river banks, railways, or under or near toll roads. What makes Jembatan Besi interesting is that it is located not too far from a public traditional market, a railway and two different rivers (Kali Krendang and Kali Angke). Following are several environmental problems identified in this area: • Limited access to sanitation facilities. The existing sanitation facilities are in very poor condition in terms of wastewater treatment, clogged sewers and lack of proper septic tanks, resulting in a health hazard for the surrounding community. Based on rapid assessment and field observation by ESP, 60% of the houses rely on public latrine facilities (there are 8 MCKs operated by individuals as a business in the area). • Access to clean water is also a substantial problem, the ground water is either saline, brackish or contaminated, while the supply of PAM water, which serves only 30% of the households, is not stable. Household water supplies consists of a combination of different water sources: shallow and deep groundwater, public hydrant, PAM connection, vended water and bottled water that comes from a variety of providers and is used for different purposes. • Poor garbage management exacerbates the problem of clogged drainage ditches and sewers. The Community Unit (RW) staffs claim that the garbage collection system is working properly, and garbage from households is to be picked up regularly by ‘tukang sampah’ (garbage collectors). However, during the field observation, ESP witnessed that gutters were filled with solid waste and sludge. • A high number of malnutrition cases has been identified for children under five years of age. Initially, Mercy Corps identified 48 malnourished children under five. Through complementary feeding and regular weighing, Mercy Corps has been able to improve the nutritional status and health of those children.

ESP Activities Jembatan Besi is also one of the anchor sites for USAID programs, especially ESP and FSN (Food Security and Nutrition). ESP works closely with Mercy Corps, which is the partner for the FSN program. The focus of ESP activities in this program is development of solid waste management, which is the main priority for the community. From October 2006 to March 2007, ESP DKI Jakarta conducted limited activities at this site due to several local conflicts. These conflicts made it difficult for community members to conduct activities in a group. However, the ESP DKI Jakarta team was able to conduct several intervention activities, as follow: • Training for integrated health post/clinic cadres and data collection for monitoring of diarrhea intervention through the implementation of the Ten Minute Monitoring (Mini Baseline) program; • Participatory impact evaluation for community activities at the site; • Survey and data collection on clean water and sanitation facilities in RW 04, Kelurahan Jemabatan Besi, Tambora subdistrict, West Jakarta Municipality. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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Story of ESP Longitudinal Study Jojo Asep: “The Most Important Things are Persistence and Teamwork. Jojo Asep was an ordinary resident of RW 04, Kelurahan Jembatan Besi, Tambora, West Jakarta until he was elected as head of the Community Empowerment Committee, known locally as KPM or Komite Pemberdayaan Masyarakat in 2005 through USAID’s FSN program. This committee serves to motivate and facilitate the community to implement the program. The committee also helps to oversee and evaluate the whole process of program implementation. Assisted by Mercy Corps Indonesia and a local NGO called PPMA (Pusat Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Agrikarya), KPM organized the community to implement a communal composting program. This program was so successful that this community was awarded one garbage shredding machine by the Mayor of West Jakarta. According to a laboratory test conducted by SEAMEO BIOTROP (the Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology) Laboratory Services, the compost produced there falls into the high quality category for agricultural activities. This compost is marketed publicly for Rp 10,000 per 5 kg.

Jojo Asep (left) and Asbanu (right), Head of RW 04, Kelurahan Jembatan Besi, explain how to use the shredding machine. “It is powered by gasoline,” Jojo Asep explains.

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Establishing and maintaining good sanitation and hygiene practices in the Community Unit has not been easy because it is located not too far from a crowded public traditional market, a railway and two different rivers (Kali Krendang and Kali Angke/Pos Dura), and the mobility of the residents is high. Even so communal cleaning has become a regular activity. Women, men, teenagers and children work hand in hand to sweep up yards due to the concerted efforts of KPM and Jojo Asep who work hard to encourage the more permanent residents to continue practicing adequate levels of hygienic behavior, for example cleaning up shared public spaces and not littering, so that newcomers will adopt those practices as well. 29

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There were a few obstacles during the initial implementation phase, such as low levels of community involvement and a lack of coordination. “The most important things are persistence and teamwork,” Jojo Asep said during a discussion with ESP. “Those are the keys for KPM to influence larger community participation” he added. Having been born and raised in Jembatan Besi helps Jojo Asep understand the roots of the inadequate health and hygiene practices, the lack of awareness and the limited supporting infrastructure in the area. Jointly with PPMA, ESP conducted a household census on those particular issues. The results confirm what Jojo Asep has often pointed out; only 45% of the houses in RW 04 have access to piped water. The rest use groundwater that is visibly contaminated, or buy from a water vendor. Jojo Asep and his wife, Ida, who has been married to him for 11 years, and is very actively involved in integrated health post/clinic activities, both realize that the change toward adequate hygiene practices will take time. Jojo, who has two healthy children with Ida, suggests that ESP’s involvement in Jembatan Besi could be more focused and intensive. This couple, KPM and the integrated health post/clinic cadre are always on the lookout for what ESP might do next in Jembatan Besi.

Updated Map of the ESP Longitudinal Study Site

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6. PROGRESS AND TREND OF CHANGE OF LONGITUDINAL STUDY SITES IN WEST JAVA 6.1. ANCHOR SITES IN SUD-DAS CIKUNDUL-CILAKU, CIANJUR – NAGRAK VILLAGE Site Overview Nagrak Village, one of the communities located along the banks of the Cisarua Gede, Cisarua Leutik and Cinalaya rivers, faces several environmental problems, such as land degradation and solid waste management. The results of the Sustainable Livelihood Assessment (SLA) identified several problems: • Most people in the village (80%) throw all of their waste into the rivers; • Lack of sanitation facilities exacerbates the poor condition of the rivers; • The rivers are contaminated by solid waste, as well as “grey water”, from the sanitation systems built along the river bank and from households. • Flooding and landslides occur during the rainy season in this village, especially if there is a lot of garbage in the rivers.

ESP Activities ESP started to work in this village in 2005 and has undertaken several interventions focused on the improvement of environmental conditions. From October 2006 to March 2007, ESP West Java conducted several activities at this site: • Implementation of ESP Field School and Sustainable Livelihood Assessment (SLA); • Training for community groups on facilitating behavioral change; • Multi-stakeholder workshop to support development of watershed management plans for the Cikundul/Cilaku Subwatershed; • Community action on land rehabilitation program; • Development of community nursery; • Public awareness workshop on development of watershed management plans for Cikundul/Cilaku Subwatershed.

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Story of ESP Longitudinal Study The Current Situation in Nagrak: Improving the Condition of the River Nagrak is a village in Cianjur subdistrict that is located ±15 km from Cianjur district. This village, which is cool and convenient to reach, is nestled in Mt. Gede Pangrango valley in West Java. The three rivers, Cisarua Gede, Cisarua Leutik and Cinalaya, which cross through the village, enhance the natural beauty of the area, and the verdant landscape dotted with rice terraces speaks volumes of the main livelihood of the people living there, which is agriculture. However, according to Mr. Ape Royani (64), the environmental conditions in the area are not as good as they used to be. Mr. Ape who was born and grew up in this village has noticed significant changes, although they may not yet be having a major impact on the local people’s way of life. “In the past, there were lot of big trees here, and the river water ran clean and clear, and at especially high levels in the spring. Now, we have begun losing the trees slowly, and the rivers are dirty and muddy, and decreased,” he said. Currently, the interaction between the people and the rivers is very intensive. The rivers play an important role in supporting the lives and livelihoods of the local people. The people use the rivers for bathing, washing, and even defecating; and have even begun throwing domestic solid waste into them. These activities and behavior have caused the rivers to become so polluted that they smell bad.

Mr. Ape works in the community nursery developed by his group in his village. This group produces their own organic liquid fertilizer for their nursery, as well as their farming. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

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Mr. Ape’s concern for the environmental conditions of his village motivated him to initiate efforts to make improvements. Even though he is getting old, he has proven that he has the motivation and commitment to change the people’s behavior through increasing their awareness of their living environment and the need to take good care of it. With the support of ESP, Mr. Ape has established a community nursery on his land and is working with his group to further develop this nursery. Currently, there are almost 15,000 seedlings available at the nursery, consisting of several species, such as mahogany, durian and gamelina. Together with other community members, his farmers group plants trees along the river banks in the village. He also has the knowledge and skill to make organic liquid fertilizers (POC), which is very simple to prepare and to use. He always shares his experience with other community members. He actively promotes the use of the organic fertilizers in order to reduce the utilization of chemical fertilizers that can have a negative impact on the environment. He has been selected by other community facilitators of Cianjur district as the coordinator of Foresta (Forum Rehabilitasi Sungai dan Hutan). Together with that group, he has been developing a small business making banana crackers in order to increase the income of its members, as well as collecting money to fund the tree planting activities in Nagrak village. ”I have learned facilitation skills and how to increase the awareness of the need to conserve the environment since ESP-USAID has begun to work in Nagrak village. With this knowledge, can organize the people in my village so they will have greater awareness about making the environment better,” he says modestly. He started participating in ESP activities in 2005. The people in his village believe that he is a good leader, and he was selected to participate in ESP’s Training of Trainers (TOT) program and now functions as a Field School farmer facilitator. He got a lot of knowledge from the TOT, such as techniques for facilitating and organizing community members, and also gained agricultural skills, including how to compost and how to establish and maintain a tree nursery, along with learning strategies to improve people’s awareness of the need to conserve and preserve the environment. Although he is aware that the environmental conditions in his village are not totally improved yet, at least there has enough progress that he feels they may be half-way there. Currently, the people in his village have come to understand the importance of making an effort to conserve the environment. ”Before ESP came and supported our village, people still used the water river for most of their domestic activities, such as bathing, washing, defecating and throwing away garbage. That made the river dirty and smelly. But, now, the river is cleaner and people have stopped throwing garbage there. And maybe more important, people have started to care for the trees growing along the river bank areas together, and have even started planting more trees there.” He said he hoped that ESP would continue to expand its activities into the villages neighboring Nagrak Village.

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Updated Map of the ESP Longitudinal Study Site

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

6.2. BLUE THREAD IN CIKAPUNDUNG, BANDUNG – TAMANSARI NEIGHBORHOOD Site Overview One of the urban communities in Bandung Municipality, Tamansari neighborhood is located along the banks of the Cikapundung River. This area has many problems related to hygiene, such as: • Most of people have poor sanitation facilities because they don’t have their own septic tanks, and all water waste discharged from households in dumped into Cikapundung River; • People also toss their solid waste into the river; into the river, and • Tamansari is prone to contamination diseases, such as respiratory illnesses and diarrhea.

ESP Activities ESP started to work in this area and initiated several interventions focused on the promotion of improved sanitation and hygienic behavior in order to reduce health and hygiene problems there. In the period of October 2006 to March 2007, ESP West Java conducted several activities at this site, including: • Focus group discussions to identify existing solid waste management activities and possible improvements community groups could introduce in future solid waste management activities; • Workshop and seminar on solid waste management for local stakeholders at the neighborhood level, such as neighborhood and community unit heads, community groups, religious leaders, and other informal community leaders; • Public awareness campaign on waste separation, recycling and compost making for Community Units15 and 20 staff, integrated health post/clinic workers, as well as and teachers; and • Support of community groups in Community Units15 and 20 in the initiation and implementation of solid waste management activities, including a public awareness drive to promote the “3R concept” (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle).

Story of ESP Longitudinal Study Mr. Obi and His Spirit to Promote Hand Washing with Soap in Tamansari Village Mr. Obi Kosasih(63) is a well known informal leader from the sub-village of Tamansari and a great environmental observer for his area. He is so enthusiastic about transforming the community into a healthy and clean environment. He started his work in Neighborhood Unit (RT) 004/RW09 in the sub-village of Tamansari with the campaign on hand washing with soap. His three years of experience participating in the “Hand Washing with Soap” and the “Solid Waste Management” programs implemented by ESP –USAID have imbued him with more ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

spirit to change people’s behavior to living in a clean and healthy way in the sub-village of Tamansari. He has established a “Hand Washing with Soap” station near the Administrative Unit Office of RW09, which is currently widely used by the people living in that area who are mostly poultry raisers.

Mr. Kosasih always has a high level of enthusiasm for promoting healthy habits in his community. His efforts, particularly promoting better solid waste management at schools and in the entire community, were instrumental toward realizing the targets of the “Bandung Sehat 2007” drive.

Composting activities conducted by the community groups in Tamansari Neighborhood.

He also teaches the community about household waste management, emphasizing the separation of non-organic from organic waste, and the making of compost by the community members themselves. The nonorganic waste can also be further sorted and classified for re-use or re-cycling. He learned about all these things through the ESPUSAID program. He then started applying the solid waste management principles he had learned at home. When his neighbors noticed what he was doing, he showed them how, and thus slowly expanded his healthy living campaign to the wider community of the entire subvillage of Tamansari. Mr. Kosasih explains that in 1990, the government of Bandung, West Java, introduced a program called “Bersih, Hijau dan Berbunga (Berhiber)” or “Clean, Green and Flowers”, but only the “Bersih (Clean)” part, which focused on the handling of solid waste, was implemented. At that time, a temporary garbage dumping site was developed for trash pick-up by sanitation workers in Tamansari, but was later closed because of the construction of the Pasopati Flyover. Even more recently the waste dumping site at Cihampelas was also closed. As a consequence, the community has to minimize the volume of household waste by practicing good solid waste management.

Mr. Kosasih said: “I have learned good solid waste management practices from the ESPUSAID program, which have benefited me and the community.” ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

He further said that since the ESP – USAID program was launched in Tamansari, the incidence of diarrhea in children under five has decreased radically. He now hopes to add to that success by finding a way to once again establish a well organized solid waste dumping site nearby to ensure the more effective and professional handling of the community’s refuse. The enthusiasm for getting things done right of Pak Obi – as Mr. Kosasih is usually called by his neighbors – belies the fact that he is not that young by Indonesian standards. He never tires of getting the word out to the people of Tamansari about the need to wash their hands with soap and to properly process and dispose of their solid household waste.

Updated Map of the ESP Longitudinal Study Site

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

7. PROGRESS AND TREND OF CHANGE OF LONGITUDINAL STUDY SITES IN CENTRAL JAVA/DI YOGYAKARTA 7.1. MINI ESP IN TANGSI SUBWATERSHED – SAMBAK VILLAGE Site Overview Sambak Village is located in Tangsi Subwatershed in Magelang district. Central Java ESP/DIY started to work in this area in early 2005. From the initial assessment, the village community faced the following problems related to water resources and environmental health: • Most of people get water from unprotected natural springs in their village; • Only 10% of the people in the community have septic tanks to accommodate their liquid household waste; • There are few trees cultivated or cared for in Sambak Village; • There several community and state forests in the vicinity of the village, but management of community forestry resources is lacking; and • Area residents tend to follow the lead of their village chief passively, and take little individual initiative; participation in village level activities is minimal. However, based on the assessment, Central Java ESP/DIY found signs of potential in the villagers’ recent establishment of a community group for forest and environmental management.

ESP Activities Central Java ESP has started providing support for the village community group through the establishment and implementation of the ESP Field School. During in this activity, the community group conducted their own assessment using the Sustainable Livelihood Assessment (SLA). From October 2006 to March 2007, Central Java ESP the following activities at this site: • ESP Field School activities that motivated the community group to develop a community nursery to support their land rehabilitation program for the village; • Several workshops at village level to kick off the formulation and development of village conservation program regulations; • Development of multi-stakeholder forum called Format Lintang for Tangsi Subwatershed; • Initiation of formulation and development of watershed management plans for Tangsi Subwatershed as part of the activities of the multi-stakeholder forum; ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

•

Tree planting program toward land rehabilitation in the Potorono and Menoreh hills together with nine other area villages.

Story of ESP Longitudinal Study Pak Hery , Community Motivator from Sambak

Pak Hery is a popular man in the Potorono hill area that is populated by around 4,500 households from nine villages. He is Sambak village head. Besides being the chief man in his village, he also plays an active role in several community forums in the other villages in his region. Even though he was born in a small and remote village, his style is that of an environmental expert and lecturer because he has strong knowledge about and experience with conservation programs. He is now 46 years old, but he is still Pak Hery (wearing blue shirt) explains the participatory process of the development of agro and eco-tourism in his very active in organizing the community people to conserve village. their forests. He takes every opportunity to promote the regulation on decentralization, especially in relation to community participation in the formulation of village planning as mandated by the regulation. He always voices his villagers’ concerns in meetings with other stakeholders in Magelang District in order to get support from them. His performance and leadership make other people believe in what he is talking about. This led the members of the stakeholders’ forum involved in the development of watershed management plans to select him as the coordinator of the Format Lintang Community Forum of Tangsi Subwatershed. As the head of Sambak village, this father of three children has signed two village regulations on community-based forest management and management of forest conservation through eco-tourism activities. His extensive network among the various area stakeholders and his expertise on the implementation of participatory values are key elements in the development of his village. Among his main achievements are the development of an ecotourism area and the establishment of an organization responsible for all eco-tourism activities in Sambak Village. The name of the organization is Agro-wana Wisata ”CUPU MAS” of Sambak Village. However, sometimes, Pak Hery is not quite patient or thorough enough in managing ongoing activities. He is often is so much of a hurry to achieve the targeted end result that he may overlook details developed in the initial stages. Whenever ESP introduces its vision and approaches for a particular matter, especially the ESP Field School approach, he is always very excited about implementing the program. Now, after two cycles of ESP implementation in this village, he feels that a new atmosphere has ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

been created to motivate community members to participate. “ESP is able to take a strategic role and its approach is very effective to empower people in Tangsi subwatershed. In the beginning stage, it seemed like the ESP program was being implemented too slowly, but by the time it all came together, I could see that the process of the activities was actually implemented precisely, in a focused and measurable manner.” says Pak Heri about all ESP activities in Tangsi subwatershed. In the eyes of the local people, the close relationship between Pak Heri and ESP makes them seem like two sides of a coin that have the same value. His house has become his office and people know they will find answers at his place or the ESP office in their village. Anyone from the village, including ESP staff, can come to his house any time to discuss something pressing, or just stop to talk about the conservation program in general. In his house, there are three computers, a white-board, books and stationery to support his work. His wife, Ibu Fitri, told the ESP team who were visiting their home for the first time: ”This is our house, this house can be a place for our family to stay, and can also function as the village office, and also be a place for people in this village to learn about everything imaginable. People from the multi-stakeholders forum often conduct discussions with village people in this house. We are happy with this situation.”

Updated Map of the ESP Longitudinal Study Site

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

7.2. MINI ESP IN TANGSI SUBWATERSHED – SUTOPATI VILLAGE Site Overview Sutopati village is one of the villages selected during the first cycle of program implementation by the Central Java/DIY ESP in early 2005. This village is located in the upstream section of the Tangsi Subwatershed in Magelang District. The results of the initial assessment conducted during on site found several problems faced by the community in this village. The main problems related to water resources and environmental health are as follow: • Water volumes tend to decrease even though they have enough natural springs as clean water sources; • Most of the people defecate in fish ponds and water canals; • domestic animals and livestock stay inside the village homes together with the family members; • Sutopati is among the poorest villages in Tangsi Subwatershed; • Increasing land conversion from forest to agricultural land; • Forest management is still focused on conservation of the state forest; • Lack of participation of the local people in community activities. Sutopati village is in a good location to function as a center for community nursery activities, especially for perennial trees and development of eco-tourism, because it is in an upstream with a beautiful view.

ESP Activities Central Java ESP’s support of this village started at the same time as that of Sambak village because they are in the same subwatershed area. ESP’s first support effort for Sutopati village was through the implementation of the ESP Field School. During in this activity, the community group also conducted their own assessment using the Sustainable Livelihood Assessment (SLA)approach. During in the period of October 2006 to March 2007, Central Java ESP conducted several activities at this site: • Community group follow up activities to ESP Field School input, including development of community nursery, training on seedling techniques and planting of Aren seedlings for conservation of Javanese eagle habitat in community and state forest border areas; • Village level workshops to initiate formulation of the village conservation regulation; • Development of multi-stakeholders forum for Tangsi Subwatershed through Format Lintang community forum; • Initiation of formulating watershed management plans for Tangsi Subwatershed as part of multi-stakeholder forum activities; and • Tree planting towards land rehabilitation for the Potorono and Menoreh hills together with 9 other area villages.

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

Story of ESP Longitudinal Study Pak Jamil, Seed Producer from Sutopati Pak Jamil (32) always dreams on instilling his fellow villagers with pride in who they are despite the fact they live in a remote village located on the slopes of Mount Sumbing that others might perceive as poor. Pak Jamil, who once ventured away to Jakarta, where he worked for awhile when he was younger, decided to return to where his roots were after he got married. His demeanor is calm but his dream and his motivation to build his village is very strong. He is well aware that only a few of the Pak Jamil, full of self confidence, facilitates the ESP Field villagers have a good education School activities in his village. and that most people in Sutopati Village live under the poverty line. He doesn’t know yet the best way to start to change the people’s behavior in order to help them move toward a better way of life. “I want to ask my neighbors to change their behavior, but I don’t know where I should start from,” he said with sad expression on his face. Initially he found his newly embraced profession as a farmer somewhat daunting, and he struggles to build up the confidence to talk and interact with other people. He seldom spoke or shared ideas in meetings, including when he was participating in the Training of Trainers for Village Facilitators. Like a sponge, he absorbed all the information as part of his own personal knowledge, without having the courage to speak during in the training. The t seedling cultivation skills he had learned from his parents were locked away like secrets in his mind, and shared with the other people in his village. In order to help Pak Jamil melt away his “mountain of reticence”, ESP sent him to Minahasa, North Sulawesi, to learn about Aren (Arenga piñata) tree crop management. The expectation was that this experience would open his mind and strengthen his capacity to work in his own community. After he came back from Minahasa, he was assigned the task of sharing the lessons he had earned through the training of the other Village Facilitators. Within six months, Pak Jamil was actively participating in various ESP Field School activities. He developed several maneuvers to get people motivated about developing their village. Patiently, he coaxed his neighbors into developing a tree nursery that would produce different varieties of seedlings. His efforts triggered a movement that spread so widely and through his community that the village head asked him to train a community group from another village how to develop a community nursery in their community. He now teaches not only how to produce and manage three kinds of seedlings, but he also promotes healthy living; all part of a dream come true for him and his neighbors. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

Now, the beautiful landscape and view of Sutopati village, with the Curug Selawi waterfalls and the camping ground, are ready to be shared with a wider circle off stakeholders as part of the Sutopati Village development program. ”I feel that ESP has a lot of ways to make people become courageous and motivated. Each activity that is implemented always makes people increase their motivation to move forward. This is what happened to me. After I joined the field school, I understood where I should start from to organize and motivate other people in my village,” Pak Jamil told a photojournalist who came to his village.

Updated Map of the ESP Longitudinal Study Site

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

7.3. CLEAN, GREEN AND HYGIENE IN YOGYAKARTA Site Overview Gondolayu is one of the ESP sites in the Yogyakarta municipality urban areas. This site is located along the banks of the Code River in Yogyakarta, where conditions were such – densely populated with severe solid waste disposal problems and related health issues – that it seemed a viable site for centering ESP activities. Several problems identified for alleviation by ESP were: • Most of people in Gondolayu habitually throw their garbage into the river, making is one of the dirtiest, most unhealthy administrative units in Yogayakarta; • Community solidarity was weak, probably due to the tendency toward individualism, isolation and alienation of urban living, yet, with time, through the efforts of the women’s group there, a solid waste management program could be effectively established and implemented; and • There is no more open land in Gondolayu community unit because everything has been covered over with concrete, so another way must be found to make this kampong green. Due to the environmental problems in Gondolayu, the Municipal Administration of Yogyakarta through its Environmental Services Office (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup) invited ESP to take part in the implementation of its program on solid waste management, which began at the end of 2005.

ESP Activities The support of this neighborhood by Central Java ESP is a continuation of ongoing community-based solid waste management in the Yogyakarta municipality. During the period of October 2006 to March 2007, Central Java ESP conducted several activities in Gondolayu: • Water and health campaign for street children; • Participatory planning for community-based solid waste management using focus group discussion approach; • Solid domestic waste reduction campaign for Yogyakarta municipality; and • Development of community-based solid waste management system through several training sessions on solid waste management (composting and recycling of solid waste).

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

Story of ESP Longitudinal Study Bu Suharni, among the Waste, Compost and Ornamental Crops

Bu Suharni explains how to manage organic waste in the community.

Talking about organic waste, compost, ornamental crops and the potential beauty of an urban kampong, this quiet woman, Ibu Suharni, becomes animated and articulate about the details of waste management, including waste separation. Her skill in transforming organic waste into compost and in growing plants in pots is extraordinary. She also has advanced skills in community facilitation. Her experience as agriculture officer of Bantul District over the past 30 years supports her in her efforts as a community leader in her village, especially for women’s groups. The results of her work can be seen clearly in her neighborhood. The small, simple and dense houses in her neighborhood are clean, green and beautiful due to good management.

Bu Suharni’s quiet calmness is one of her most striking traits. She is patient and low profile, but dynamic and progressive in her community work. The integration of these characteristics into one individual woman, makes for a truly charismatic person that people easily relate to and feel comfortable with. Her community members appreciate and recognize her as one of the most popular leaders in their neighborhood. Ibu Sri Suharni (54), the wife of Pak Yanto, head of Neighborhood Unit X of Gondolayu community, is a strong woman o accepts whatever challenges life brings her, even her husband’s decision to resign from his own job as n agriculture officer because he could not work with his supervisor. This couple of experienced agricultural experts now endlessly strive to promote improved solid waste management, even though sometimes people may ridicule them because they cannot understand their vision. The initial skepticism of many of their neighbors only served to motivate them even though they were well aware of the challenges involved in trying to enlist people in community work toward positive change. Their efforts in their community often seemed to be reflected in the children’s song about how the sun works tirelessly and unnoticed to warm the earth and nurture life without expecting anything for itself. Yet, in less than two months after collaborating with ESP, Ibu Suharni started to witness some subtle changes. She felt a new influx of energy and momentum to move forward. Her relationships with other stakeholders expanded, creating broader opportunities to develop partnerships to support their work on solid waste management. Eventually the people of Gondolayu became more aware of the problems they were facing, and gained greater understanding of the need to seek solutions. “A long time ago, we started to develop a solid waste management effort at household level, but since we have begun collaborating with ESP, our work seems to have become more systematic and structured. ESP provides an opportunity for us to learn more and develop stronger partnerships with other ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

stakeholders,” said Ibu Sri Suharni, during training on community-based solid waste management facilitated by ESP.

Updated Map of the ESP Longitudinal Study Site

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

8. PROGRESS AND TREND OF CHANGE OF LONGITUDINAL STUDY SITES IN EAST JAVA 8.1. ANCHOR SITE IN SURABAYA – WONOKROMO VILLAGE Site Overview As one of the high density neighborhoods in Surabaya Municipality, Wonokromo is populated by 39,713 people (7,741 households). There are several public facilities in the neighborhood to serve the people in their daily lives, such as schools, neighborhood offices and health care centers. Several problems were identified related to ESP implementation in Wonokromo, such as: • Health and hygiene issues due to poor sanitary conditions and insufficient clean water facilities; • A river crossing the community is polluted from domestic waste, affecting sanitation conditions and the health of the people living there; and • Lack of adequate solid waste management problem contributes to the river pollution in this neighborhood, where two community groups are actively implementing community based solid waste management in order to reduce river pollution.

ESP Activities East Java ESP’s support of this neighborhood is a continuation of ongoing community-based solid waste management activities at this location. From October 2006 to March 2007, East Java ESP conducted several activities at this site: • Implementation of solid waste management program to decrease incidence of diarrhea; • Campaigns on hand washing with soap, composting and waste separation; • Training for community cadres on hand washing with soap and solid waste management in support of the solid waste management program and the sanitation/hygiene campaign; • Facilitation of study tours by other community groups and organizations who want to learn about composting and waste separation; • Training for other neighborhood units by existing community cadres on solid waste management and hand washing with soap; and • Training for teachers and students from 2 schools in Kelurahan Wonokromo on hand washing with soap.

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

Story of ESP Longitudinal Study Japanese Spinach and Waste Separation Make for a Beautiful Home for Mrs. Narti The house, located in a narrow street of Central Wonokromo, is quite a bit bigger compared to neighboring abodes, but that is not what makes people turn to take a second look when they pass by. This house looks invitingly shady because of the different types of plants cultivated on the small piece of land in front of her house. Moreover, Japanese Spinach is growing up on the roof of her house. Nobody would guess that just six months previously there were no plants there at all. ”I brought the Japanese Spinach for the first time from Rawajati Village in Jakarta during my study tour on solid waste management and regreening,” said Mrs. Narti, the owner of the house. Mrs. Narti is one of five people from Wonokromo who have received awards from USAID’s ESP for being the most active of environmental volunteers actively working on solid waste management. After receiving this award, she got chance to participate in the study tour to Rawajati and Banjarsari in Jakarta in May 2006. Besides the cadre members from Wonokromo, among the other study tour participants were as Mrs. Retno Willis Affandi, the first lady of Surabaya Municipality, and representatives of the Bappeko Cleanness and Gardening Office of Surabaya, and the Environmental Office of Surabaya. ”I only brought two plants, 30 cm each, and after arriving home, I directly planted the spinach,” she explained. Mrs. Narti is lucky to have a husband who supports her home gardening activities. He helped her to make a wire frame for the spinach to spread out along. As a result, the spinach is also thriving in front of her house, providing a convenient source of vegetable nutrition for their family meals. She grows the spinach with compost produced in a Takakura basket that collects the organic waste from her kitchen.

A green house: Ibu Narti (left) and Ibu Rokhayah enjoy the shade in a corner of her house garden.

Mrs. Narti not only cultivates Japanese Spinach, but also other plants, such as labu putih, mango trees, srikaya, kana flowers, suko and medicinal plants (mahkota dewa, patah tulang, lidah buaya cincau, daun merah, jinten, ginseng, benahong, etc.). Now, her house looks like that of a florist. The heat of Surabaya is not really felt in her house because it is so shaded by the plants. ”Every morning, I feel so refreshed because we have fresh air from the garden, as well as the green all around,” Mrs. Narti says about the advantages of having a garden.

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

Every visitor to Sub-village VI in Wonokromo village is invited to stop off to check out her garden. Most people do not believe that she had never done any gardening before, primarily because there were so many children and chickens around that damaged whatever she set out in pots or into the ground. Now, she has resolved, that no matter what, she will protect and nurture the green things growing in her garden.

During the long dry season Ibu Narti has to make sure to water her plants twice a day.

Ibu Narti is only one of the members of Wonokromo neighborhood who is working actively to regreen their kampong; many other women in WonoKromo Community Unit VI have formed a community cadre for the betterment of their immediate environment. As a member of this cadre, Ibu Narti actively practices waste separation in her household. She sells the non-organic waste to scavengers and makes compost from the organic waste. Ibu Narti learned about waste separation methods from training provided by ESP-USAID in collaboration with the Surabaya Municipal Administration, the State University of Surabaya, P.T. Unilever Indonesia and assorted local NGOs. ESP- USAID East Java then followed up with capacity building for the community-based solid waste management cadre and the monitoring of their activities. Through this program, a cadre of 37 environmental activists now exists in Wonokromo Community Unit VI, and Ibu Narti is one of the most active, having succeeded in convincing 25 families in her neighborhood to participate in the waste separation activities. Since October 2005, the community’s waste separation activities have resulted in the reduction of the area’s waste volume to 1.5-2m3/day. As a result of processing non-organic waste, the group has earned about Rp. 1,660,000. To date, a total of 3,945 kg of waste has been sold to scavengers and recyclers. Currently, there are around 270 households (27% of the total number of households in the community) participating in the waste separation program at household level. Now, the community group of Wonokromo neighborhood has started to use compost for their gardens as part of the kampong regreening program. They want their kampong to become like the Rawajati neighborhood in Jakarta that was visited by them some time ago, where each piece of land is fully covered by plants. “If they are able to do it, why can’t people in Wonokromo follow their example?” Ibu Narti asks anyone who will listen. (Ristina Aprillia and Ratih Astati Dewi, ESP Surabaya/East Java).

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

Updated Map of the ESP Longitudinal Study Site

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

8.2. BLUE THREAD IN TEMAS (SUMBER BRANTAS SUB WATERSHED) Site Overview The ESP ridges to reefs approach is not only applied for large watershed areas, but also on a microcatchment scale. One example of this is Temas Village, an ESP longitudinal study area that depends on the ecological conditions of Oro-oro Ombo Village. The water-related health and hygiene conditions of Temas inhabitants depend on the quality of water quality of four rivers. The healthy of those rivers is determined by the degree of erosion and sedimentation in the upper area of Oro-oro Ombo. Taking the Temas microcatchment area as an ESP longitudinal study sites is ideal. The result of the Sustainable Livelihood Analysis conducted by local facilitators in Temas Village identified several problems: • Poor management of industrial waste from poultry processing and tofu production causes skin ailments due to contamination of water sources; • Two sub-villages have limited access to clean water; and • Lack of adequate solid waste management of market waste, and under-capacity temporary waste disposal site result in people throwing garbage(industrial and household waste) into in the river.

ESP Activities Some minor adjustments have been made to the ESP intervention strategy in this area. Utilization of satellite imagery and GIS analysis have led to new approaches in handling the main problems and issues in Temas. This new ESP approach is based on the area of the Temas microcatchment rather than village administrative boundaries. With this new approach, the linkage between upstream and downstream is enhanced. During the period of October 2006 to March 2007, East Java ESP has conducted several activities at this site: • ESP Formative Research to identify important health and hygiene practices, with results utilized as feedback on improving health and hygiene conditions in this village; • Awareness program for Temas and Oro-oro Ombo villages on protecting rivers from pollution and solid waste problems in order to protect village water resources by applying a microcatchment approach; what happens in one village impacts the other; • Small grant farmer scheme in Oro-oro Ombo develops a community based nursery to reduce erosion in degraded land in Oro-oro Ombo and minimize sedimentation that affects water quality in springs and rivers in Temas; supported by ESP training, including: (i) Training of trainers on community based nurseries, (ii) Participatory mapping to determine degraded land areas and reduced forest plant density in order to find out the number of seedlings needed for replanting; and • Application of participatory mapping that shows that 332 households in Oro-oro Ombo depends on a 331 ha forest enclave (98 ha of protected forest and 233 ha of production forest), with almost 217 ha of the total forest degraded; 90,000 multipurpose tree species seedlings are expected from state-owned Perum Perhutani.

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SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

Story of ESP Longitudinal Study Mr. Ridwan and Mr. Daun, Local Facilitators from Sumber Brantas Sub-Watershed Area A lot of efforts have been made to handle the water related issues of health and hygiene, but a holistic integrated watershed system approach is a very rare thing indeed. Through Fokal Mesra (Forum Kajian Air dan Lingkungan Hidup Menuju Selaras Alam) a forum established by local facilitators (Pemandu Desa) Pak Ridwan from Temas and Pak Daun from Oro-oro Ombo, after completing the ESP Training of Trainers program, a joint integrated action program has been implemented to help their villages. Pak Ridwan (35) is motorcycle taxi driver (Tukang Ojek) at Temas Market. Before he completed the ESP Training of Trainers, Pak Ridwan never thought about the environment. He did not think that water, forests, and environmental issues were any of his business. He just assumed that ordinary people like himself had no right or ability to speak authoritatively about water and environmental issues; the government should be responsible for all those things. Even when flooding happened in Kota Batu for the first time in early 2004, he still thought that the government was 100% responsible and that the local people had no role to play. Now, as a local facilitator, Pak Ridwan always tries to convince people in almost every discussion and informal event that water and the environment are everyone’s responsibility. Floods, landslides, illegal logging, a forest fires are man-made disasters. The responsibility for preventing them is that of the people who live in the watershed. One moment that he will never forget was when the Kota Batu legislative council (DPRD) invited him into a dialog about how to manage the environment. What he presented in that meeting was the result of what he had learned at an ESP field school. Using the comprehensive transect, trend analysis, and assessment data he had learned about during field school training, he could convince the legislative council to allocate some of the regional budget for conservation of the wetlands. Pak Daun (56), who was born and raised a forest enclave farmer, has dedicated almost all of his live to traditional agroforestry. He is the head of LMDH (Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan). He was in the habit of nurturing young plants and seedlings for planting in the forest, as well as in his fields. His nursery was entirely traditional, and he collected seeds, seedlings and other plants in small quantities from his immediate surroundings. Now, after completing ESP’s community-based nursery training, Pak Daun not only understands how to produce good and healthy seedlings, but also has good connections with ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

plant breeders at the university and research institute. He now has easy access to large quantities of the top grade planting material of all kinds. Before getting training on the technical aspects of nursery management, Pak Daun did everything as he had been taught as a child; his whole focus was traditional. In one recent year, for example, he nurtured seedlings from n20 Kg of Suren seed, 4 kg of Eucalyptus seeds and 5 Kg of Albazia seeds, that would have yielded as many as 1 million seedlings if he had placed them in proper seed beds; instead he ended up with 25,000 seedlings because he was unaware of more modern nursery techniques. Now his nursery, no longer managed solely by himself, but assisted by the efforts of others from his community, has a much larger capacity; 10 times that previously, growing from 25,000 seedlings to 273,000. The diversity of species is also much more extensive in this new community nursery; not only Suren, Eucalyptus and Albazia but also Nugmet, Avocado, Pine, Azhadiracta, Mahogany, Jack Fruit, Arenga Trengguli, Meopsis, Mahkota Dewa and other multipurpose tree species. The technical aspects of the nursery operations have also improved significantly. Previously Pak Daun applied the direct seedling approach through which the seeds were directly scattered into the bed, but now the viable seeds are identified and planted more methodically so the resulting seedlings can be easily nurtured in polybags, one for each tiny plant. Also, formerly Pak Daun use natural open shade to protect the seedlings from direct sunlight, but now he uses paranet so the intensity of the light can be easily adjusted according to the stages of the seedlings’ growth. Network on Network. Besides Pak Daun’s being the head of LMDH, both he and Pak Ridwan are also active members of FOKAL MESRA. Since the membership of FOKAL MESRA is open to all people and the group accommodates a broader range of stakeholders, including from women’s groups, as PKK, and forest community groups, every member can actively bring specific expertise and networks to be matched up to enhance collaboration. Through the monthly meetings of FOKAL MESRA, Pak Daun and Pak Ridwan (two men of two generations with almost 25 years of age difference between them), from two villages, with radically different backgrounds and professions, can come together and cooperation on the basis of shared perceptions focused on restoring the viability of the same microcatchment, Temas, with its contrasting rural and semi-urban habitats. Pak Daun and Pak Ridwan work hand in hand to ensure the success of the now large-scale nursery in Oro-oro Ombo. The seedlings will be distributed throughout the Oro-oro Ombo and Temas areas to rehabilitate the degraded land in Oro-oro Ombo and to replace the ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM WWW.ESP.OR.ID

SECOND STORY OF ESP LONGITUDINAL STUDY OCTOBER 2006 – MARCH 2007

depleted forest gallery along the river in Temas. Pak Daun’s network produces the trees to be planted to restore Oro-oro Ombo and as a result the water quality in Temas is significantly improved. In turn, the people in Temas will maintain the quality of the water that flows down to them from Oro-oro Ombo to ensure that all of the people who live in the lower part of the Brantas river also benefit from these joint efforts to preserve and maintain their microcatchment sustainably.

Updated Map of the ESP Longitudinal Study Site

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ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM Ratu Plaza Building, 17th. Fl. Jl. Jend. Sudirman No. 9 Jakarta 10270 Indonesia Tel. +62-21-720-9594 Fax. +62-21-720-4546 www.esp.or.id