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Elisabeth Springate | 647-206-6166 | espringate.myportfolio.com | liz.springate@gmail.com | Linkedin Page 1 SERVICE SECTORS • Higher Education • Academic/Scholarly • Business-to-Business FORMATS • Textbooks • Workbooks • Manuals & Handbooks • Research Reports • Presentation Decks EMPLOYERS & FREELANCE CLIENTS • McGill University, Department of Art History & Communication Studies (AHCS) • Oxford University Press Canada • Canadian Scholars’/Women’s Press • CultureCap Business Services
& Publication Design
Book
PROJECT
Book Cover Design
An Introduction to Global Health. Third Edition. Published Fall 2017.
CLIENT Canadian Scholars’ Press.
BRIEF
Major update from International Health to Global Health. This edition needed a new visual framework that would remain current for years.
RESULTS
The 3D effect and ‘unfamiliar’ face of the globe (Africa-centric) brings global issues into relief.
ROLES
Designer; Art Director.
PROGRAMS
Adobe CC: Indesign; Photoshop; Illustrator; Acrobat.
DELIVERABLES
Front cover for Marketing
- RGB jpeg for website
- CMYK tif for catalogue
Full cover for Production
- Press Quality PDF for CMYK Print
- Tagged PDF for Digital Platforms.
IMAGE SOURCE
iStock.
Book Cover Design
Elisabeth Springate | 647-206-6166 | espringate.myportfolio.com | liz.springate@gmail.com | Linkedin Page 2
PROJECT
Book Cover Design
Health Promotion in Canada: New Perspectives on Theory, Practice, Policy, and Research. Fourth Edition. Published Fall 2017.
CLIENT Canadian Scholars’ Press.
BRIEF
The authors needed concepts to represent ‘rhizomatic growth’ to reflect their primary analytical frameworks.
RESULTS
This book design is a favourite with the authors, adopters, reviewers, readers, and in-house personnel.
ROLES
Designer; Art Director.
PROGRAMS
Adobe CC: Indesign; Photoshop; Illustrator; Acrobat.
DELIVERABLES
Front cover for Marketing
- RGB jpeg for website
- CMYK tif for catalogue
Full cover for Production
- Press Quality PDF for CMYK Print
- Tagged PDF for Digital Platforms.
IMAGE SOURCE
Pexels.com.
Book Cover Design
Elisabeth Springate | 647-206-6166 | espringate.myportfolio.com | liz.springate@gmail.com | Linkedin Page 3
PROJECTS
Book Cover Designs (40 in all!) for titles in Public Health, Communications, Race Studies, Psychology, and many more.
CLIENT Canadian Scholars’ Press.
ROLES
Designer; Art Director.
PROGRAMS
Adobe CC: Indesign; Photoshop; Illustrator; Acrobat.
DELIVERABLES
Front cover for Marketing
- RGB jpeg for website
- CMYK tif for catalogue;
Full cover for Production
- Press Quality PDF for CMYK Print
- Tagged PDF for Digital Platforms.
Book Cover Design
Elisabeth Springate | 647-206-6166 | espringate.myportfolio.com | liz.springate@gmail.com | Linkedin Page 4
PROJECT
Book Interior Design
An Introduction to Global Health. Third Edition
Published Fall 2017.
CLIENT Canadian Scholars’ Press.
ROLES
Designer; Art Director.
PROGRAMS
Adobe CC: Indesign; Photoshop; Illustrator; Acrobat.
DELIVERABLES
Book Interior Template
- Press Quality PDF for CMYK Print
- Tagged PDF for Digital Platforms.
ACHIEVEMENT!
This sample is one of over 40 Book Interior Templates I designed at Canadian Scholars. I databased my templates using SmartSheet®. The resulting Template Catalogue is searchable by over 20 critical parameters. Project Managers can select the right design for each project, saving 3-4 weeks per project in approval cycles.
Type Design
Elisabeth Springate | 647-206-6166 | espringate.myportfolio.com | liz.springate@gmail.com | Linkedin Page 5
12 PART WHAT IS GLOBAL HEALTH? Wo Low-Income Countries Countrie Middle untr Life Expectancy (Y ears) Figure 1.1: Global trends life expectancy at birth with time Source: World Bank. 2016a. Data from the World Bank. World Development Indicators: Life expectancy at birth, total (years). Retrieved from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN/ countries?display=graph (Accessed February 29, 2016). (i.e., person’s socio-economic status). The inequities referred to Goal 10 are important in creating equitable health for all—and you would see the course of this book, health inequities are one of the major component challenges. Goals 11 and 12 deal with living conditions such as safety and health, while climate change impacts on health in Goal 13. Goals 14 and 15 refer to making ecosystems and environments more safe and preventing their distortion, which are important for population health. Goal 16 focuses on justice and peace, which in its absence leads to strife, civil wars, and wars. Finally, in order to “strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development” as enunciated in Goal 17, different national and international partners must work collaboratively to help countries improve their health status. Forming an idea of the standards of population health in developing countries, based purely on available statistics, difficult; the numbers are simply too large to comprehend. However, no matter how bad health indicators might be today, they are all great deal better than they used to be. In the six decades since the end of World War II, life expectancy in many countries has increased by over 25 years (Figure 1.1) and infant mortality rates have fallen steadily (Figure 1.2). The aid industry that grew during this same period can probably claim some credit for Chapter An Overview Global Health 13 10 12 14 16 18 196519701975198019851990199520002005201020132014201 Infant Mortality Rate (Deaths per 1,000 Live Births) Wo Middle inco gh income Low Figure 1.2: Global trends in infant mortality with time World Bank. 2016a. Data from the World Bank. World Development Indicators: Life expectancy at birth, total (years). Retrieved from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN/ countries?display=graph (Accessed February 29, 2016). these improvements (particularly due to immunizations and other public health interventions), but developed countries improved much the same rate without receiving any aid, so some caution required in drawing simple conclusions. The final report on the achievements foreign aid mixed one (Easterly, 2006) and will be discussed in detail later in the book. must be remembered that global health statistics—typically Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)—are often expressed in reports as weighted average values based on results from studies in many different countries. Consequently, they are heavily influenced by public health improvements in the largest countries, particularly China and India. When poverty and health statistics are broken down by region, more accurate view obtained. For example, India and China have been able to elevate many of their people out of poverty. However, this obscures the point that other regions of the world, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, have seen little or no improvement over many years. The term “developing world” covers large range of countries in different regions the world, with each country having its own complex mixture of social and economic challenges. Problems differ between countries and, as the HIV/ AIDS epidemic has shown, new challenges also appear with time. While there is IGH-interior-v4-book.indb 12/1/2017 10:42:53 AM OBJECTIVES this second section the book, we will look the significant challenges faced by many of the people living in developing countries. The basic aim of the section can be summed up by the seemingly simple question, “Why are poor people less healthy than rich people?” Before examining the answers to that question, is good idea to begin by studying the basic requirements that people need in order to lead a long, healthy life. The answers are not as obvious as many would assume. The full story behind the steady improvement in population health over the last century complex. Although prosperity and health care are important factors, several less tangible variables must be included. your aim to help improve the health of poor people, is important to understand why they got sick in the first place—the answers will guide subsequent initiatives. After completing this chapter, you should be able to: understand the principal requirements for healthy life, particularly the contributions of income, medical care, and social equity appreciate some the complex determinants of health that appear once the basic needs have been met understand that knowledge of the major determinants of health an essential foundation for anyone interested designing effective development strategies We might free ourselves from innumerable diseases, both of the body and of the mind, and perhaps even from the infirmity of old age, if we had sufficient knowledge their causes and of all the remedies that nature has provided. —René Descartes, 1637 The Basic Requirements for Healthy Life CHAPTER 3 IGH-interior-v4-book.indb 56 12/1/2017 10:43:18 AM Chapter The Basic Requirements for Healthy Life 57 INTRODUCTION Of course, everyone wants to be healthy. The amusing thing no one’s really sure how to do it. —Jerry Seinfeld, 1995 No matter what methods are used, the basic aim of any aid project to improve the health of people living in poor regions. Clearly, before trying to improve population health, it important to know why the people got so sick in the first place; better to define diagnosis before rushing in with cure. This not as obvious as it sounds—the aid industry has history of following treatment trends that subsequently proved to have had little benefit, particularly for the rural poor. A clear understanding of health determinants prevents money from being wasted on initiatives that are unlikely to have widespread advantages. For example, in the early years of the aid industry, too much emphasis was placed on curative medical treatment as the first response to widespread ill health. It took over 20 years before it was finally realized that Western medical care had little ability to control epidemic diseases caused by poverty and social chaos. was finally agreed at the 1978 Alma Ata meeting that far greater benefits could be gained for given aid budget if the basic determinants of health were attended to first. These include clean water, sanitation, housing, nutrition, and peace. Health care surprisingly far down the list of cost-effective strategies. Think of the money that was wasted in the 20 years it took learn that simple lesson. Once the basic needs for existence are met, a wide range of less tangible factors appear. Humans are complex creatures; once their social conditions have improved beyond the level of bare survival, unlikely that the determinants of their health will be simple. Humans need to love and be loved. They need stable, peaceful societies and close social ties with family and friends. They need to feel they have control over their professional lives and, above all, that there sense of equity and fairness within their society. When these features are in place, society can reach the final goal population health, which is when mortality gradients no longer exist between social classes and the poorest in country have the same mortality as the rich. When this happens, life expectancy for that country probably as high as will get. Some countries, such as Sweden, are close to this point, but will be a long time before most of the world anywhere near such goal. When Chadwick first studied the effects of social class on mortality in Victorian England (Figure 3.1), he found that life expectancy at birth for the most privileged classes was 44 years and the infant mortality rate was above 100 per 1,000 live births. The poor of Dickensian London or Victor Hugo’s Paris lived lives that were IGH-interior-v4-book.indb 57 12/1/2017 10:43:21 AM OBJECTIVES Global health rapidly evolving and exciting field with many huge opportunities to make difference in the lives millions. This chapter provides an overview of global health and how far the field has come in the last century. understand the scope the subjects covered by the term “global health” understand how global health relates to the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) understand the design and content of this book and how to get the most out of the material start apply human faces and experiences the broad concepts poverty, malnutrition, and injustice An Overview of Global Health CHAPTER 1 There are two things which am confident can do very well: one an introduction to any literary work, stating what to contain, and how should be executed the most perfect manner; the other conclusion showing from various causes why the execution has not been equal to what the author promised to himself and to the public. —Samuel Johnson, 1775 Chapter An Overview of Global Health INTRODUCTION There simply no good reason why in the 21st century, thousands of women and children developing countries should be dying during childbirth and the early years of life. —Hon. Aileen Carroll, Canadian Minister International Cooperation, 2005 Global health is, very broadly, the study of the health of populations in global context. Although poor levels of health are common in many developing countries, important not to concentrate solely on diseases and to remember that they are just the most visible result of underlying social disruption. The need to study both the diseases and their causes means that global health covers very wide range subjects. These vary from tropical medicine and primary health care at one end the spectrum to epidemiology and economics at the other end, with great many stops in between. The solutions to these problems are, of course, no less complex than their underlying causes. Despite widespread improvements in health and prosperity over the last few decades, malnutrition, poverty, and all the ills that stem from them are still very common around the world. In fact, to the newcomer, the statistics can be quite overwhelming. During period when citizens of industrialized countries are healthier than at any time in history, hundreds millions of people in the least developed countries still live lives of terrible deprivation. There is, of course, natural human desire to assist people living under those conditions. Since the end World War II, complex mix of private, governmental, and international organizations has developed with the overall aim of improving the health of populations in developing countries. While the developing aid industry has had successes, it has also had its share of trials and considerable errors. Fortunately, the new millennium seems to have brought renaissance in aid. Current developments—such as the Debt Relief Initiative, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, which have now been replaced with the SDGs), several successful disease eradication efforts, and serious attempts to improve the quantity and effectiveness of foreign aid—have all combined to bring sense of great optimism to the field of aid. Another development has been the growing popular interest in global health issues. When the world’s seven richest countries first decided to hold annual meetings, about 30 years ago, is unlikely that the average person paid much attention. This in marked contrast to the period leading up to the 2005 Group of Eight (G8) Conference Gleneagles, when seemed as the whole world was waiting for the latest word on debt relief. The health developing populations (particularly the developing world debt) became bandwagon that staggered under the weight of politicians, pop stars, and various other celebrities as they clambered aboard. 100 140 160 prel Net debt relief grant refugee cost Hu nitari ai Multilateral OD ral development projects, prog and technica co-operati Figure 2.1: Components of DAC donors’ net official development assistance Source: OECD. 2016a. Retrieved from: www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/ development-finance-data/. The widespread adoption and subsequent support of the SDGs is very promising sign that the aid industry has learned some important lessons about the best way to do business. After passing through period in the 1990s when the relevance of aid was seriously questioned, the industry’s future is looking much brighter. Increasing volumes of foreign aid, combined with fundamental focus on the needs of the poor and the use of published outcome measurements, all give very real hope that the wealth and influence of the richest countries can make substantial contribution toward that most optimistic goal set almost 40 years ago at Alma Ata—health for everyone, not just rich people, but everyone. IGH-interior-v4-book.indb 30 12/1/2017 10:43:11 AM Chapter History International Aid THE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF FOREIGN AID Foreign Aid before World War II regard many of our Colonies as being in the condition of undeveloped estates and estates which can never be developed without Imperial assistance. —Joseph Chamberlain, secretary state for the colonies, 1895 If poverty could be cured by words, would have been solved long ago. Since writing began, numerous pious platitudes have been written about charity and the poor. There are plenty of examples from secular and religious literature. Ancient laws protecting the poor were carved on stone stele under Hammurabi (Goldman Law Library, 2008) and scratched on parchment with quill pen 30 centuries later under the first Queen Elizabeth (Bloy, 2002). Despite this, great deal of history passed before humans reached the point where group of prosperous countries could consider giving aid to less fortunate ones. Some the laws and practices introduced during the more benign periods of the Roman Empire could be considered as the earliest attempts at public health initiatives. The introduction of clean water (Rome’s Trevi fountain still fed by one of those early aqueducts), public baths, and toilets meant that the largest cities in the Roman Empire had standards of health that were little worse than those in London during the early days of Queen Victoria’s rule. Although foreign aid was very slow to develop, the elements of the modern system, including the rudiments of military intervention, humanitarian assistance, and, of course, the first aid agencies, can all be dated to the 19th century. The first recognizable aid project was conducted by the Spanish roughly 200 years ago. In response to the devastation caused by smallpox in the Spanish colonies, Charles IV sent Xavier de Balmis to spread the newly discovered vaccination process throughout Spanish holdings. In the absence of refrigeration, the vaccine was kept alive by sequential vaccination among group of “volunteers” taken from La Coruna Orphans Home. The expedition, which left in 1803, vaccinated an estimated 100,000 people in areas ranging from the Caribbean, South and Central America to as far north as Texas, and subsequently in the Philippines, Macao, and Canton. They arrived back in Spain three years later (Aldrete, 2004). Whether this work was motivated by general altruism or just pragmatic desire for healthier slaves is not recorded. IGH-interior-v4-book.indb 12/1/2017 10:43:11 AM PART WHY ARE POOR POPULATIONS LESS HEALTHY THAN RICH ONES? 60 50 40 30 20 10 WiltshireBenthalGreen Derby Kendal Leeds Manchester Liverpool Bolton Average age at death (years) Gentry Tradesmen Labourers Figure 3.1: Average age at death calculated by Chadwick for three social classes in mid-19th-century England Chadwick, E. 1842. Spartacus Schoolnet. Retrieved from: www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ PHchadwick.htm. not essentially different from those who live in the shantytowns of today. Whatever was that improved their health in the past probably has relevant application today. The health of the world’s population has greatly improved since Chadwick’s time, even among the poorest nations. During the 20th century, this trend accelerated. In the last 100 years, human life expectancy at birth has nearly doubled in some countries. The average American newborn in 1900 could expect to live 49 years. By 2000, that average baby could expect live for 77 years (Figure 3.2). This is the greatest improvement in human health in history, but neither widely appreciated nor fully understood. The newcomer might assume that these improvements were most likely due to advances in medical care, but even cursory examination shows this is not the explanation. Mortality rates from major killers such as tuberculosis in adults (Figure 3.3) and measles in children fell steadily decades before specific therapies were discovered. Clearly, other mechanisms were involved. There vast literature on the subject of health determinants. Although there inevitable controversy, the major variables have been identified and health care less prioritized. Below certain level of per capita income, health is governed by money and access basic human needs. However, after country’s GDP per IGH-interior-v4-book.indb 58 12/1/2017 10:43:21 AM Chapter The Basic Requirements for Healthy Life 59 85 80 75 65 55 50 40 30 25 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 US age expectancy at birth (years) White male Black male Figure 3.2: Historical trends in life expectancy at birth for the United States Shrestha, L. 2006. Life expectancy the United States. Retrieved from: http://aging.senate.gov/ crs/aging1.pdf. 1890 19001910 1920193019401950196019701980 (per 100,000 population) Mass vaccination trials Streptomycin Rifampin test Figure 3.3: Age-standardized adult death rate from tuberculosis for England and Wales; the timing of advances in diagnosis and treatment are indicated with arrows Source: Vynnycky, E., et al. 1999. Interpreting the decline tuberculosis. International Journal Epidemiology 28: 327–334. PART WHAT GLOBAL HEALTH? Box 1.1 History Notes Amartya Sen (1933–Amartya Sen an Indian economist whose work has had profound effect on the broad subject of global health. His early work on the origins of famine highlighted what everyone knew but few had articulated. Superficially “simple” population health problems such famine are far more complex than they initially seem. He showed that starvation not due just to lack food any more than poverty due only lack money. the root of most complex problems lies inequity. His later work, Development Freedom also widely quoted. Based on wide range of his early research, he further develops his arguments in favour of political and economic freedom. He outlines five specific types of freedoms: political freedoms, economic facilities, social opportunities, transparency guarantees, and protective security, which are usually viewed as only the ends of development. However, he argues that such freedoms should be both the ends and the means of development. Sen was born on university campus established by the Indian philosopher and previous Nobel Prize winner, Rabindranath Tagore. He studied economics India and England. After serving as master of Trinity College, Cambridge, he recently moved to Harvard University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Economics 1998. Please follow the reference for more details: Nobelprize.org (2011). When Tony Blair announced general agreement on the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative, there was real sense of worldwide excitement. While the agreement may not quite have lived up to its billing, cannot be denied that there is now widespread interest in the broad topic of global health. This increased awareness of global health issues has probably been fashioned by events that were large enough to reach news reports. A lot has happened over the last 20 or 30 years—some of the international issues that caught public attention included steady increase in political freedom (South Africa, eastern Europe), several widely reported famines (Ethiopia, Sudan), destructive civil wars (Rwanda, Bosnia), and natural disasters (Asian tsunami, Haitian earthquake). The current level of interest was exemplified by the spontaneous public response to the Asian tsunami. So much money was given by private citizens that the Red Cross actually asked people stop sending any more, since had enough! Strangely enough, despite the increased demand for courses, books, and general information on the subject of global health, there is no clearly defined preparatory educational path for entry into the field. Degree and post-graduate courses global health can be found in large centres, but there is still surprisingly limited amount of educational material considering the level interest. This book is designed to meet at least some of that demand by providing broad overview of global health that nevertheless includes as much detail as possible on key topics, and by Chapter An Overview of Global Health considering other aspects of global health that are rarely given attention, such as poverty, wars, humanitarian disasters, and governance. Although the subject of global health unavoidably medical in nature, this is not medical textbook and is intended for readers with wide range of interests. Whether you are pure researcher tied to laboratory bench, nursing student planning career in development work, or fieldworker in large aid agency, this book aims to provide detailed introduction to global health and its inevitable companion, the modern aid industry. We would like to wish warm welcome to anyone opening this book for the first time, and hope that it will help you find your way through the complex but fascinating subject of global health. THE SCOPE AND DEFINITION OF GLOBAL HEALTH There can be no real growth without healthy populations. No sustainable development without tackling disease and malnutrition. No international security without assisting crisis-ridden countries. And no hope for the spread of freedom, democracy, and human dignity unless we treat health basic human right. —Gro Brundtland, Director General of the World Health Organization, 2003 Providing concise, inclusive definition for subject as varied as global health is challenge. This is reflected in the common questions that newcomers ask: What global health? How does differ from international health? Where do tropical medicine, epidemiology, and public health fit in? An all-inclusive definition of global health would be similar to the description of an elephant by the blind philosophers—there are lots of parts, but no coherent whole. perhaps more useful to define the subject using its broad basic aims. Taking that approach, global health can be defined subject that tries to find practical answers to the following questions: Why population health so poor in many developing countries? What is the extent of the problem? What can be done about it? Those questions have dictated the general layout of this book and their answers will cover varied and interesting topics. Global health has been defined as “collaborative trans-national research and action for promoting health for all” (Beaglehole & Bonita, 2010). Global health has “health equity among nations and for all people” as its major objective (Koplan et al., 2009). Before World War II, global health was largely the preserve of doctors and missionaries. As the industry has grown, ever-increasing numbers of new specialists have been added to the list. Investigating the causes and extent of ill health 50 PART WHAT GLOBAL HEALTH? RECOMMENDED READING Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. 2013. Why nations fail: The origins of power, prosperity, and poverty Pub: Crown Business. Annan, K. 2013. Interventions: A life in war and peace Pub: Penguin Books. Banerjee, A., & Duflo, E. 2011. Poor economics: A radical rethinking the way to fight global poverty Pub: Public Affairs. Chan, S. 2013. The morality of China in Africa: The Middle Kingdom and the Dark Continent. Pub: Zed Books. Collier, P. 2007. The bottom billion: Why the poorest countries are failing and what can be done about it Pub: Oxford University Press. Foreman, J. 2013. Aiding and abetting: Foreign aid failures and the 0.7% deception Pub: Civitas. Munk, N. 2013. The idealist: Jeffrey Sachs and the quest to end poverty Pub: Anchor. Rist, G. 2008. The history of development: From Western origins to global faith Pub: Zed Books. Studwell, J. 2014. How Asia works: Success and failure the world’s most dynamic region Pub: Grove Press. Watson, L. 2014. Foreign aid and emerging powers: Asian perspectives on official development assistance Pub: Routledge. REFERENCES Aldrete, 2004. The travels of Francisco Xavier de Balmis. Southern Medical Journal 97: 375–378. Bloy, M. 2002. The 1601 Elizabethan Poor Law. Retrieved from: www.victorianweb.org/history/ poorlaw/elizpl.html. Bretton Woods Committee. 2011. Retrieved from: www.brettonwoods.org/. Cold War Museum. n.d. The Berlin Blockade. Retrieved from: www.coldwar.org/articles/40s/ berlin_blockade.asp. Cornia, G., et al. 1987. Adjustment with human face. Pub: Oxford University Press. Easterly, W. 1997. The ghost the financing gap: How the Harrod-Domar growth model still haunts development economics. World Bank Development Research Group, paper 1807. Retrieved from: http://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbrwps/1807.html. Fenner, F., et al. 1989. Smallpox and its eradication. History of Public Health (Vol. 6). Pub: World Health Organization. Retrieved from: whqlibdoc.who.int/smallpox/9241561106.pdf. IGH-interior-v4-book.indb 12/1/2017 10:43:14 AM WHY ARE POOR POPULATIONS LESS HEALTHY THAN RICH ONES? PART II IGH-interior-v4-book.indb 55 12/1/2017 10:43:15 AM 60 PART WHY ARE POOR POPULATIONS LESS HEALTHY THAN RICH ONES? Figure 3.4: Life expectancy birth, by World Bank region and for high- and low-income countries, 2014 World Bank. 2016a. Data from the World Bank. Life expectancy, total (years). Retrieved from: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN. 79 77 75 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 capita rises above approximately US$4,000, the relationship is completely lost and other variables gain in importance, such as social cohesion, income distribution, education, and social class. This fascinating subject that has great relevance for the design of modern aid projects. HISTORY OF BASIC NEEDS STUDIES Battles are only the terminal operations engaged in by those remnants of the armies which survived the camp epidemics. —Hans Zinsser, Rats, Lice, and History, 1934 The Egyptian civilization lasted roughly 3,000 years before finally gave way to British rule—not bad when you consider that the Canadian federation barely 150 years old. During all that time, the population survived without the benefits of anaesthesia, antibiotics, or any knowledge of microbiology. Other early civilizations in Central America, the Indus and Yangtze River valleys, Rome, and Greece thrived for centuries even though their physicians had little more than primitive surgery and a handful of effective drugs (Nutton, 2004). is likely that these early civilizations based their knowledge of population health on the experience gained from military campaigns. Once large group of humans is Chapter The Basic Requirements for Healthy Life 61 crammed together with minimum attention to clean water and waste disposal, soon becomes very obvious to an intelligent observer that some basic rules of hygiene are necessary. is probable that more armies have been stopped by infection than by combat (Peterson, 1995). Some armies took longer than others to learn these lessons on hygiene. As recently as the American Civil War, deaths among soldiers from infections such as typhoid, cholera, smallpox, and malaria (roughly 250,000) were nearly as high as those due to combat (roughly 350,000) (American Civil War Story, 2016). Help arrived in the unlikely form of a society gardener called Frederick Law Olmsted. He had gained such reputation for organization while landscaping Central Park in New York that he was placed in charge of the US Sanitary Commission during the Civil War. In this position, Olmsted’s Committee of Enquiry into military health slowly forced the US Army to improve living conditions and medical care for its soldiers (Frederick Law Olmsted, 2011). The standards of hygiene in the British Army (and the subsequent mortality) would have horrified any of the campaigning generals from ancient times. Long after Pacini’s discovery of the bacterial cause of cholera (in fact, after his death from old age), the British Army still persisted in the belief that flannel body wrap was the best way to prevent cholera. The “cholera belt” was standard part of army issue in the tropics until 1920 (Renbourn, 1957)! Archaeological evidence of existing Roman military camps shows clear evidence of their knowledge the essentials of public health. Tents and cooking areas were placed well away from latrines and waste disposal. These ideas probably influenced early city design. Excavations at the middle-class holiday resort Pompeii showed that all but the poorest houses had running water and central sewage disposal (Pompei, 2011). Today, any visitor to the slums of Dhaka in Bangladesh or Accra in Ghana would not take long to sort out why the inhabitants are unhealthy—probably less healthy than an average Roman citizen 2,000 years ago. There is clearly a minimum set of standards (e.g., clean water, shelter, food) that must be in place before any sort of restful, healthy life possible. As an exercise, is well worth debating what basic features are required for healthy society and then setting them some sort of order. Ideas will vary, but the lists given in the first column of Table 3.1 combine published opinions with the result of debate among medical and resident students in Vancouver, Canada. Whatever results your own debate produces, one point will be common to all: medical treatments do not appear until well down the list. It is important to remember that we are discussing population health rather than individual health. Anyone with treatable emergency such as appendicitis or pneumonia will be very happy to have access to good-quality medical care. However, on population level, as we will discuss later in this chapter, medical care does not have big impact on population mortality rates,
PROJECT
Book Cover Design & Production
Race & Racialization: Essential Readings. Second Edition. Published Spring 2018.
BRIEF
Apply full creative range to incorporate evolving discussions around race and racialization.
RESULTS
Art dynamically represents diversity
ROLES
Designer, Researcher and Pre-press Technician (for POD opportunity).
PROGRAMS
Adobe CC: Illustrator; Indesign; Photoshop; Acrobat.
DELIVERABLES
Front Cover for Marketing Channels
- RGB jpeg for web/email/digital
- CMYK tif for catalogue/print
Full Cover for Publishing
- Press Quality PDF for Print
- Certified Ingram LightningSource® PDF for Print-On-Demand
ACHIEVEMENT!
In addition to my core tasks, I researched, tested, and consulted with technicians at Ingram LightningSource to achieve digital certification, clearing us to run on POD channels.
Full Cover Production
Page 6 Elisabeth Springate | 647-206-6166 | espringate.myportfolio.com | liz.springate@gmail.com | Linkedin
PROJECT
Third-year Course Curriculum. Digital Media BRIEF
With the growing ubiquity of devices, software, and apps, people can create and distribute digital media locally and globally. Who is telling today’s stories? Why and by what means? Who are the audiences and how are relationships being reworked in the digital moment when professional industries, news organizations, publishers, politicians, and global business/marketing conglomerates are on the same platforms as solo-enterprises, NGOs, grassroots activists, independent artists, and micro-bloggers.
ROLES
Curriculum Author, Course Director, Lecturer
PROGRAMS/PLATFORMS
We explore an evolving range of proprietary, free, open source, and/or cloudbased media-making tools
LEARNING OUTCOMES
- Recognize key aesthetic of a range of narrative modes
- Develop digital literacy
- E xplore emerging apps and platforms online and social media
- Collaborate with peers on 3-5 minute video using industry standard methods
Douglas Englebart. (1968) “The mother of all demos.” at SRI and Menlo Park http://dougengelbart.org/events/1968-demo-highlights.html
“Experience the sun through its life cycle. A deeply personal and highly evocative meditation on human mortality and people’s individual place in the universe, this installation portrays the death of the star that sustains us.”
Elisabeth Springate | 647-206-6166 | liz.springate@gmail.com | Linkedin Page 11 Digital Media course Curriculum Page 11 Elisabeth Springate 2016 COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 Digital Media Storytelling COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 Elisabeth Springate 2016 COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 Digital Media Storytelling Elisabeth Springate 2016 COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 Digital Media Storytelling COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 © Elisabeth Springate 2016 COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 © Elisabeth Springate 2016 COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 “A site specific sound installation reflecting lived experience of recovery and wellness. ... Navigating Wellness provides an immersive, calm and peaceful sound environment amidst the bustle and chaos of a night of revelry.” Lascaux Virtual Tour > https://vimeo.com/40849516 © Elisabeth Springate 2016 COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 Digital Media Storytelling © Victor Fraile / Reuters COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 © Elisabeth Springate 2016 COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 © Elisabeth Springate 2016 COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 image Tobias Schwarz/AFP/GETTY COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 http://ict-researchworld.blogspot.ca/2015/07/global-gesture-recognition-technology-market.html COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 Elisabeth Springate 2016 COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016 COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016
© Elisabeth Springate 2016 COMM 3410—Digital Media Storytelling—Fall 2016
Elisabeth Springate | 647-206-6166 | espringate.myportfolio.com | liz.springate@gmail.com | Linkedin Page 7 SERVICE SECTORS • Commercial Property • Retail Display • Business-to-Business • Higher Education • Academic/Scholarly FORMATS • Out of Home Advertising • Point of Sale (POS) Display • Pitch Decks and Sales Collateral • Direct Marketing • Catalogues • Event Outreach • Email Blasts • Banner Ads • Social Media AGENCY & FREELANCE CLIENTS • Cadillac Fairview • The Body Shop • Yield Communications • Teknion Furniture Systems • Canadian Scholars/Women’s Press • McGill University, various Institutions Marketing & Promotions
PROJECT
Spring 2019 Catalogue
CLIENT Canadian Scholars’ /Women’s Press.
CROSS-TEAM ROLES
Designer; Art Director, Marketing Support.
Note: Interior catalogue template by third party agency.
PROGRAMS
Adobe CC: Indesign; Photoshop; Illustrator; Acrobat.
DELIVERABLES
- Press Quality PDF for CMYK Print
- Tagged PDF for Digital Platforms.
Catalogue Cover & image Content
Elisabeth Springate | 647-206-6166 | espringate.myportfolio.com | liz.springate@gmail.com | Linkedin Page 8
TEAM ACHIEVEMENT!
The Spring 2018 Catalogue is the first project to be completed in SmartSheet® by all teams. The platform turned out to be a powerful project management tool. Editorial and Production Managers, Marketing personnel, Design, and all assistants and interns were able to enter content from various sources.
I designed 18 of these 26 covers published in 2018. I acted as art director and consultant on the front covers produced by freelancers. I also implemented branded templates for full covers.
Catalogue Inside covers
Elisabeth Springate | 647-206-6166 | espringate.myportfolio.com | liz.springate@gmail.com | Linkedin Page 9
PROJECT
Poster Design: “Leading Change From a Global Perspective.”
CLIENT
McGill University, Institute for the Study of International Development (ISID), and Desautels Faculty of Management.
BRIEF
Theme: business development issues.
I viewed the lecturer’s TED talk for my research and creative phase. What a dynamic speaker! I wanted to represent change at a deep and massive level. I drew on concepts raised in the TED talk. In the end, we all favoured the image of waves carving a shoreline.
RESULTS
Multiple sponsors needed to approve concept and layout. They gave great feedback throughout the process and loved the final product.
ROLES
Designer; Art Director.
PROGRAMS
Adobe CC: Indesign; Photoshop; Illustrator; Acrobat.
DELIVERABLES
Press-quality PDF for poster; JPGS for digital channels.
PHOTO CREDIT/SOURCE
Hoodh-Ahmed/Unsplash.
Elisabeth Springate | 647-206-6166 | espringate.myportfolio.com | liz.springate@gmail.com | Linkedin Page 10 Event Outreach FEBRUARY 12, 2019 4:30-6:00 pm Reception to follow New Residence Hall Prince Arthur Ballroom 3623 avenue du Parc Montreal Lucy Quist, CEO and founder of Quist Blue Diamond and co-founder of the Executive Women Network in Ghana. Redefining Diversity. Dealing with Societal Bias. Connecting for Prosperity. International Management Photo courtesy of Hoodh-Ahmed on unsplash. LEADING CHANGE From a global perspective FEBRUARY 12, 2019 4:30-6:00 pm Reception to follow New Residence Hall Prince Arthur Ballroom 3623 avenue du Parc Montreal Lucy Quist, CEO and founder of Quist Blue Diamond and co-founder the Executive Women Network Ghana. Redefining Diversity. Dealing with Societal Bias. Connecting for Prosperity. International Management LEADING CHANGE From a global perspective FEBRUARY 12, 2019 4:30-6:00 pm Reception to follow New Residence Hall Prince Arthur Ballroom 3623 avenue du Parc Montreal Lucy Quist, CEO and founder Quist Blue Diamond and co-founder of the Executive Women Network in Ghana. Redefining Diversity. Dealing with Societal Bias. Connecting for Prosperity. International Management LEADING CHANGE From a global perspective FEBRUARY 12, 2019 4:30-6:00 pm Reception to follow New Residence Hall Prince Arthur Ballroom 3623 avenue du Parc Montreal Lucy Quist, CEO and founder of Quist Blue Diamond and co-founder of the Executive Women Network in Ghana. Redefining Diversity. Dealing with Societal Bias. Connecting for Prosperity. International Management LEADING CHANGE
a global perspective
From
Elisabeth Springate | 647-206-6166 | espringate.myportfolio.com | liz.springate@gmail.com | Linkedin Page 11 SERVICE SECTORS • Business Services • Non-profit FORMATS • Corporate Identity • Standards Manuals • Web Users’ Manuals • Website design • Corporate Collateral (internal and external) CLIENTS • CultureCap Business Services Agency • Community Story Strategies • Wen-Do Women’s Self Defense Identity & Branding
PROJECT
Corporate Identity Package.
CLIENT
Community Story Strategies.
IDENTITY BRIEF
The client teaches workshop participants how to bring personal stories to life using industry standard multimedia tools.
The logo and system expresses the primary message—that participants work, learn, and view their stories together. All digital storytelling workshops conclude with a group screening. Colours were chosen to reflect diversity.
ROLES
Strategic Consultant; Designer; Web Designer.
PROGRAMS
Illustrator CS6; Photoshop CS6; Indesign CS6; Dreamweaver CS6; Wordpress; CSS3.
DELIVERABLES
Logos for multiple channels
Identity Standards Manual
Letterhead
USB Business Cards
Branded Flashdrives
Customized Wordpress Website Web User Manual.
Corporate identity
Client Full-name 321 Address Avenue Toronto ON, M4K 1N7
September 18, 2014
Community Story Strategies offers media and storytelling services to enhance your community building efforts. We design and deliver customized projects to creatively address issues you are already engaged with. We integrate arts and community to help groups make and share personal stories that send a powerful message.
Digital Storytelling Services
Digital Storytelling is our core practice at Community Story Strategies. We work with nonprofit organizations, institutions, health centres, museums, and community groups to make and share digital stories. We collaborate with you to ensure the digital storytelling process is meaningful and its products are effective in meetin
Community Engagement Projects
Community Story Strategies has a model of digital storytelling as a community tool that integrates self-representation, education, advocacy and collective engagement. We believe that using media and storytelling in longer impact on individual storytellers and their communities. Responsibilities include project development and management, fundraising, workshop design and facilitation, post production, and evaluation.
Arts Residencies
Community Story Strategies provides artistic residencies to support the integration of arts based learning. Organizational benefits of investing in the process of making art include: a deeper understanding of the work you do; new tools and resources; and new possibilities for creating personal and community change. Digital Storytelling is its own artistic genre. An arts residency may use digital storytelling with other arts to create a larger project. Artist residencies have the potential as single
Sincerely
JLF, Community Story Strategies
74 Seymour Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4J 3T5 www.communitystorystrategies.ca
Page 12 Elisabeth Springate | 647-206-6166 | espringate.myportfolio.com | liz.springate@gmail.com | Linkedin
PROJECT
Branded Organizational Website. Part of a larger Identity Design and communications suite.
CLIENT
Community Story Strategies.
WEBSITE BRIEF
To showcase the 80+ digital videos produced by participants in community workshops across Canada, the client needed a way to organize the material thematically. The client also needed to build the video repository on a CMS so they could manage their growing and evolving collection.
We’re using a filterable gallery on Wordpress, searchable by subjects such as community, family, settlement, and youth.
RESULTS
The client loves working with the identity and suite of materials. They continue to add videos to the database, and easily add categories to the filterable gallery.
DELIVERABLES
Logos for multiple channels
Identity Standards Manual
Letterhead
USB Business Cards
Branded Flashdrives
Customized Wordpress Website
Web User Manual
www.communitystorystrategies.ca
Video Resource Site
ROLES
Strategic Consultant; Designer; Wordpress customization.
PROGRAMS/PLATFORMS
Adobe CS6: Illustrator; Photoshop; Indesign; Dreamweaver; Wordpress; CSS3, Youtube
ACHIEVEMENT!
The client is modeling their next Community-based educational resource project on this website.
They have been working with Indigenous groups to produce great language-based content—digital stories, interviews, songs, and cultural teachings—in Cree, Ojibway, and Mohawk languages.
Elisabeth Springate | 647-206-6166 | espringate.myportfolio.com | liz.springate@gmail.com | Linkedin Page 13
Page 13 espringate.myportfolio.com | liz.springate@gmail.com | Linkedin
Thank you! Please contact me regarding my work! liz.springate@gmail.com 647-206-6166 https://espringate.myportfolio.com/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/elisabeth-springate-21467b3/
