Global Terrorism Essay

TheProsAndConsOfGlobalTerrorism

Globalterrorismisathreattoglobalpeaceandsecuritywhichhasnowsurpassedbordersofnations anddelvedintoculture,religionandpersonalbeliefstoencapsulatetheentireworldwithterror.The worldhaswitnessedwarsfromtimeimmemorialwiththemilitaryofvariousnationsengagingwith eachothertoeitheracquireorretainacertainamountofpowertoestablishtheirdominanceoverthe world.Theneedtobecomea"Superpower"existswithineverynationwhichleadsthemtocommit actsofviolenceonothernationsthrougharmedconflicts.Thus,tolimitthisage–oldpracticeofwar, TheGenevaConventionsandTheHagueConventionswhichareaspectsofInternational HumanitarianLawdeterminedthelawofwarandthewaysinwhichwarcanbelimitedSectionIII ofTheHagueConventionof1907hostilitiesneedtobeprecededwithawell–reasoneddeclaration ofwar.Article2ofTheUnitedNationsCharterof1945soughttocurtailtherightofmemberstates todeclarewarSuchlimitationswereindeedeffectiveinstoppingfrequentwarsfromoccurring acrosstheworldbutitleadstosomethingevenmorehorrendousthanwaritselfthatis'state sponsoredterrorism.'Itisatypeofcovertoperationofwarbycountriestoacquiretheirpolitical goalswithoutviolatinganyprinciplesofinternationallawthroughnon–stateactorsactingforthe state.TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofStaterecognisedIran,Sudan,Cuba,Iran,Iraq,Libya,North Korea,Saudi

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WhathasbeentheeffectofglobalizationonTerrorism?

Theaggravationofglobalproblemsattheturnofthe20thand21stcenturieshasbecomea distinctiveaspectofthepresentstageofthedevelopmentoftheworldcommunityGlobalproblems largelydeterminetoday'sfeaturesofinternationalrelationsandthemaindirectionsofworld politics.Oneofthekeyglobalproblemsthatinternationalcommunitycurrentlyfacesisinternational terrorismAlivelydiscussionaboutthegrowinginfluenceofglobalizationonthestudyof internationalrelationshasbecomeevenmoreacuteafterSeptember11,2001,whentheworldfaced anunprecedentedterroristactinhistory.Thus,thesideeffectsofglobalizationhavefoundtheirown dangerousshowmorecontent

However,inordertocreatetheanalyticalframeworkofthiswork,itiscrucialtofindthedefinitions ofthekeytermsofthisquestion

Thenotionofterrorismanditsevolutionmakesitdoubtfulofitsexistenceasagenerallyaccepted theoreticalcategoryandanestablishedanduniversallyacceptedterm.BruceHoffmanarguesthat mostofthedefinitionsaretoobroadandhence,everyactofviolencebystates,non–stateactororan individualisconsideredasanactofterrorism.Moreover,heclaimstheterm,whichwasfirstly coinedduringtheFrenchRevolution,haschangeditsmeaningseveraltimesthroughoutthehistory, whichmakesitevenmorecomplextocreateatotallyaccepteddefinition.JeffreySimonfound212 diversedefinitionsofterrorism.Inmyview,thetermislargelyoverusedbyavarietyofpolitical actorsandacademics,whounderstanditdifferentlyForexample,NoamChomskyarguesthatUS policytowardNicaragua,HaitiandGuatemalainthe1980swasarepresentationofastateterrorism andRobertMugabereferstotheanydemocraticoppositioninZimbabweasterrorists.However,it ishighlyimportanttodefinethetermbecauseinthecaseofglobalterrorismof21stcentury, definingbecomesapoweronitselfandinordertousethepowerofthedefinition,thedefinition mustbe,atleastparty,sharedInmyopinion,twomaincharacteristics

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GlobalTerrorism:CanItBeStopped?

11November2016

Tacticstoinduceterrorinpursuitofapoliticalgoalhavebeenutilizedbyamultitudeof organizationsacrosstheglobe.Thismethodofpowercontrolisknownasterrorism,andduetoits impactandunpredictability,itishighlyfearedandmonitoredtodayinthe21stcentury.Attacksof thisnaturestemfromradicalbeliefsofreligion,ethics,orotherpolitics,andhavebeencarriedout globally,rangingfromthe9/11attackinNewYorkCitytothe2015shootinginParis,France. Terrorismoverrecentyearshasgrowndespiteanabundanceofeffortsbymanynationsand internationalorganisationstostopdevelopmentofsuchgroups.Thisgrowthispartiallyattributedto advancesindigitaltechnologyandthefurthermentofcommunicationtechniques,suchassocial mediaandweb–basedcontent,whichhasallowedforthespreadoftheseradicalideasacrossthe planetmakingitdifficulttocontroltheadvancementofthesebeliefs(CouncilonForeignRelations, 2009)Terrorismwillneverbeabletobefullystoppedduetotheabstractnatureandideologyfrom whichterrorismoriginates.

Muchcontroversysurroundstheuseofdronestrikestomitigateterrorism.Manybelieveitis effectiveineradicatingterrorists,howevertheaftermathofthesituationisquitecontradictory Dronestrikes"killwomen,children,theykilleverybody.It'sawar,

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TheImportanceOfGlobalTerrorism

TheGlobalTerrorismSanctionsblock,withcertainexceptions,allpropertyandinterestsinproperty ofcertainforeignpersonsthatareintheUnitedStates,thatcomewithintheUnitedStates,orthat comewithinthepossessionorcontrolofU.S.persons,includingtheiroverseasbranches.The sanctionsalsoprohibitanytransactionwithordealingwithaU.S.personorwithintheUnitedStates inpropertyorinterestsinpropertyblockedundertheOrderAlso,anytransactionbyaUSperson orapersonwithintheUnitedStatesthatevadesoravoidsorattemptstoevadeoravoidthe prohibitionsintheOrderisalsoprohibited.

TheUSAPATRIOTAct,(Pub.L.107–56,October26,2001),theprimarypieceoflegislationto emergeaftershowmorecontent governmenttoprotectglobalcommercefromterrorism,developedtoenhanceandmaintainsecurity proceduresthroughouttheglobalsupplychain.Undertheprogram,importingcompaniescreate policiestoenhancetheirownsecuritypracticesandthoseoftheirbusinesspartnersinvolvedinthe supplychain.Upontheeffectiveimplementationoftheirpolicies,importsbythesebusinessesare subjecttoexpeditedprocessingatentry.

CompanieswhoelecttoparticipatewillundergoaC–TPATvalidation,whichisnotaCustoms audit,butaprocessunderwhichCustomsmeetswithcompanyrepresentativesandpotentiallyvisits selecteddomesticandforeignsitestoexaminethecompany'ssecurityprofiletoverifythatspecific supplychainsecuritymeasuresareaccurateandarebeingfollowed.Throughtheprogram,Customs envisionsenhancingpartnerships,sharing"bestpractices,"andcooperativelydevelopingsolutions topotentialvulnerabilities,toenhanceoverallbordersecurityagainstinternationalterrorism.

EffectiveDecember2,2002,thisrulerequirescarrierstosubmitacargodeclaration24hoursbefore cargoaboardthevesselataforeignport.EnforcementoftherulebeganonFebruary2,2003.On May4,2003,Customsbegantoissue"DoNotLoad"messagesforcertaincargothathasaninvalid orincompletecargodescription.Thisprocessisachangefrominitialenforcementactionsthat focusedonlyonmajordeparturesfrom

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Thewaronterrorisatthepeakandtherearevividindicationsthateverystonewillbeturnedtohalt it.Acentralassumptionisthatterrorismisareligiouswar,apparentlybetweenChristiansandthe Muslims.Thisisjustamoralclaimthatterroristsareusingtoattractmorepeopleovertotheirside, aswellascreatesolidarityamongtheMuslims.Asaresult,theimageryandtherealityofterrorism differoverwhelminglyTherearevariousterroroccurrencesaroundtheglobethataresimilarand canbeclassifiedasterrorism.Otherwise,terrorismhasbeenameanstocarryonaconflictwithout theantagonistrealizingthenatureofthethreat,mistakingterrorismforcriminalactivity.Terrorism shouldbeaglobalconcernshowmorecontent

JonahAlexander,adirectorofInter–UniversityCentreforTerrorismStudiesinArlington,Virginia saysthat"thespreadofholyterrorisminthenameofhigherIslamicimperativesistheleading spoilerofMiddleEasternpeace"(Alexander362).Headdsthat"thespreadof'Sacred'Islamic valuesisbecomingthemostseriouschallengetoregionalandglobalstability"(Alexander361).This shiftwillcreatemorerivalryaspeoplewillautomaticallyfallononesideOntopofthat,thereis likelihoodthatterroristswillmakeneutralnationstheirbattleground,therebygettingthemtobe indirectlyinvolved.Itis,therefore,importantthatterrorismbeconsideredaglobalissue.Itshould bemadeaglobalconcernbecauseterroristsusereligionasajustification.

Theuseofreligionasajustificationforterroristactivitiesisonereasonterrorismshouldbeaglobal concernThewaronterrorisgettingmorecomplicatedasterroristsaredivertingthereasonforthe wartoappearlikeareligiouswarofChristiansagainsttheMuslims.Thisisatechniquetheyare usingtoattractmorepeopleandasajustification.Alexandersays,"Holyterrorisminthenamefor higherIslamicimperativesistheleadingspoilerforMiddleEasternpeace"(Alexander361)Inhis examplewecanseethata

Name3wholeregionreignsinconflictasaresult

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Globalwarmingandterrorismaretwotransnationalproblemsthatstatesfaceinthe21stcentury. Globalizationhasbroughttheattentionoftheentireworldtocometogethertosolvetheissuesof collectivegoodsforthebettermentofmankind.Theeffectsofman–madeglobalwarmingand terrorism–mainlysuicideterrorism,arecertainlychallengesthatcallforsolutions.Whensolving terrorism,statesmustinvestheavilyinhomelandsecurityinordertosendapowerfulmessage towardsterroristorganizations.Cooperationandtheabilitytogiveuppowerandsovereigntyfrom everystategovernmenttousethetoolsattheirdisposalatthelocal,regional,andnationallevelis vitalinsolvingsuchtransnationalproblemsEducationandshowmorecontent

Australiaisanexampleofhowpeoplecaninfluencetheirleaderstomakeadifference–a television,internetandradiocampaignaswellasover250peoplegivingAlGore'spresentationall acrossthecountrybecamethedecidingfactorforAustralia'sPrimeMinistertochangehisposition onKyoto.Whenstatesdealwithinternationalissuessuchasglobalwarming–it'scommonfor accusationstobemaderatherthanactionsForexample,althoughtheUnitedStateshasn'tformally acceptedtheKyotoProtocols,theyhavebeenquicktojudgeChinaforitslevelsofpollutionthat ranktheworstglobally.Needlesstosay,theU.S.hasfailedtomakemeaningfulimpactthemselves andranksecondworst(UnionofConcernedScientists).Statesneedtobegintoworktogetherand cometotheunderstandingthattheenvironmentisacollectivegoodconsideringeveryoneusesit andisresponsiblefortakingcareofit(Miller2016,Module13)Stateswouldbenefitfromacleaner environmentregardlessofthesacrificesmadeintheformofshorttermnegativeeconomiceffects causedbyindustrialization,newtechnologiesandindividualeconomiesthatdependonthem,overall wewouldseereducedgreenhousegasemissions(GoldsteinandPevhouse2014,312)Duringhis TEDtalk,AlGoresays"wecanmobilizeresourcesandpoliticalwill.Butthepoliticalwillhastobe mobilizedinordertomobilizetheresources"(AlGoreModule12).Whensuperpowerssuchas

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TerrorismisaglobalissuethatmostCanadianshavecomeaccustomedtohearing.Duetothe suddenriseofterroristactswiththeBostonbombingsandtheshootingsinParis,terrorismisallthat seemstoappearonthenews.Buttherearemanypartsofterrorismthatpeopledon'tknowabout. LikethefactthatatonepointtheUnitedStatesarmedMuslimextremistinAfghanistan,whowould latermakeupAlQeada,tohelpthemwinthefightagainstthesovietswhoonceoccupied Afghanistan.Terrorismisaverybroadsubject,butthroughthisessayIwillbediscussingthe historyofterrorism,itspsychologicalfactors,sociologicalfactors,howisonebroughtuptobecome aterrorist,differingviewpointsandanexpertsopinion Terrorismisdefinedastheuseofviolenceorintimidationinthepursuitofpoliticalaim.Theterm wascoinedin1793byMaximillianRobespierreduringhisreignofterrorintheFrenchrevolution. Robespierrewouldhavepeoplewhoopposedhiswayskilled.Sincethosedaysterroristgroupshave formedallovertheworld.TheIrishpublicarmyisaterroristgroupthatisfightingtobecomea nationalrepublicratherthanbeconsideredpartofGreatBritainDistinctethnicgroupsinturkey, Syria,Iran,andSriLankahavefoughtforautonomysincethebeginningofthe20thcentury.The firstexperiencethewesternsocietyhadwithterrorismwasinthe1972MunichOlympicwhena PalestiniangroupkidnappedandkilledIsraeliathletes.Religiously

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Introduction

Atthemoment,terrorismishappeningalloverthegloberangingfromtheMiddleEasttoEurope andLatinAmericaandeverypartoftheworld.Itisnowadaytodayacthappeningtoinnocent citizensoftheircountries.Terrorismcanbecausedbyquiteanumberoffactorsthatcanaffectthe activityofterrorism,forexamplepoliticsisaverygoodexampleoffactorsthecanpossiblycausea groupofpeopletoterrorizeagainstanotherpartyorevenrebelagainsttheirowncountry.Thereis nodoubtamongeconomiststhatwars,terrorismandpoliticalinstabilityhaveasignificantnegative effectsontheeconomiesinwhichtheytakeplaceRecenteconomicliteratureinvestigatesboththe consequencesofpoliticalviolence...showmorecontent...

UnitedStatesofAmerica

CurrentlyAmericaundoubtedlyhasthehighestrateofterrorismandinmyopinionisthemost dangerouscountry.ThereasonbehindmyopinionisthepowerthattheUnitedStatesofAmerica possessesandtheamountofdamageitcandotoaffectacountryisextremelyhigh,andbecauseof thisithasmanyenemiesandistargetedbymanycountries.Locally,Americahasaveryimmoral reputationofhavingmanyterroristorganizationsinwhichtheyallfoughtforareason,Forexample theso–calledArmyOfGodwasfightingandusingbrutalwaystoendabortionintheunitedstates ofAmericaforthereasonthatduringthemid–1990'sabortionviolenceincreaseddrasticallycausing someconflictsinthecountryandthusresultedinthecreationofthegroupwhichcontemplatesthat theyaredoingtherightthingbutinsteadcausingterrorinthecountryandliketheseterroristgroups, theyhaveallresultedinthelossofAmerica'sgoodreputation.

Continued... Russia

TerrorisminRussiahasaverylonghistorystartingfromtheRussianempire.Significantterrorist activityhasbeenoccurringinRussiathroughouttheyears,mostnotablyMoscowwhereaterrorist groupstartedbybombingapartmentsandwhichwasfollowedbytheMoscowtheaterhostagecrisis whichalsoleadtothebeslanschoolcrisiswhere1100peopleincluding777childrenwhereheld hostageforthree

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Introduction

Terrorismhasaverysignificantimpactinglobalpolitics.Theimpactonglobalpoliticsisnowmore significantthaneverbefore,duetotheriseofterroristorganisationssuchastheIslamicStateand al–Qaeda.Terroristsuseattackstocreatechaosandfearinsociety,forcingglobalpoliticalreactions tocontrolthethreatFearcreatedthroughthemediaisbelievedtoexaggeratetheglobalthreatposed byterrorism.Terrorismisabletodramaticallychangethescopeofglobalpoliticsforcingstatesto reconsidermanypoliciesincludingtheimmigration,spendinganddefence.

Body

Terrorismisconsideredverydifficulttodefine,thereisnodefinitivedefinitionofterrorismwith governmentsandorganisationsofferingdifferentdefinitions.Whiletheirisnotuniversaldefinition forterrorism,theU.S.DepartmentofDefencedefinesterrorismas'Theunlawfuluseofviolenceor threatofviolencetoinstilfearandcoercegovernmentsorsocietiesTerrorismisoftenmotivatedby religious,political,orotherideologicalbeliefsandcommittedinthepursuitofgoalsthatareusually political.'

Modernterrorismposesmanythreatstogovernmentsovertheworld,thefearofterroristattackshas risenwithattacksinmajorcitiessuchastheattacksinParis,Franceon13November2015,resulting in137deaths,withinjuriestoafurther368people.AtthetimeoftheattacksEuropewasunderan migrantcrisiswith1.3millionmigrantsapplyingfor

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STRATEGIESOFPREVENTINGANDCONTROLLINGGLOBALTERRORISM

Author'sName InstitutionalAffiliation

DateofSubmissionTerrorismisdescribedastheviolentandinhumanactsthatgetperpetuatedfor political,ideological,andreligiousgoalswiththeaimofcreatingfearamongtheneutralmilitary personnel.AccordingtotheFederalBureauofInvestigation(FBI),itentailstheunlawful applicationofforcetopropertyorpersonspurposelytocoercethesocietyorgovernmentin furtheranceofsocialorpoliticalobjectives.Terrorismisanoldphenomenonthatisemotiveand complexgiventhatsuchactsinvoketremendousfeelings.Throughouthumanhistory,thoseopposed totherulinggovernmentsorleadershiphaveshowmorecontent

Inparticular,applicationsofmilitaryforces,violence–for–violence,andnegotiationhavebeen appliedindifferentpartsoftheworldtohelpcontrolandpreventglobalterrorismBibliography Hoffman,Bruce.InsideTerrorism.NewYork:ColumbiaUniversityPress,2011.

Laqueur,Walter.TheNewTerrorism:FanaticismandtheArmsofMassDestruction.NewYork: OxfordUniversityPress,2009.

Pillar,Paul.TerrorismandU.S.ForeignPolicy.Washington,D.C.:BrookingsInstitutionPress, 2013

Rubenstein,Richard.AlchemistsofRevolution:TerrorismintheModernWorld.NewYork:Basic Books,2011.

Wilkinson,PaulTerrorismversusDemocracy:TheLiberalStateResponseLondon:FrankCass,

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Terrorismareglobalissuethathaveoccurredaroundtheworld.Ithappenedbetweencountriesand countriesoreveninthecivilwars.Becauseofveneratingthereligiousbeliefs,someterrorists groupsusedterrorismtodefenseandpropagandizetheirgoaltotheworldUntilnow,Al–Qaedaand theiralliesareknownasoneofthestrongestanddangerousterroristgroups.Theywerekilling peoplewhoshowedopposedideasovertheirbeliefs;furthermore,intheirreligiousideal,the terroristsgroupsbelievedthatthemorepeopletheykilled,theclosertheycometoGodBecause AmericanhavefreedomlifestyleandthislifestyleareopposedtoAl–QaedaopinionsandAmerican gotoMiddleEasterntoprofitfuelandresources,AmericanbecomethemaintargetofAl–Qaeda.In 9/11Al–QaedaattackedUSandaftertheirattack,Al–Qaedabecomenightmareofeverynationin theworld.Before9/11,Al–QaedaalreadylaunchedtheterrorintheUnitedStatesbutAmericandid notrecognizethedangerousofterrorism,sotheydidnotimproveandtightenthesecurityuntilthe attackonSeptember11.Accordingto3conceptsthatwerestatedinthebookofPatrickC.Coaty aboutterrorism:TerrorismandInternationalEnvironment,TerrorismandTheState,andTerrorism andTheIndividual,peoplecanbeawareofhowdangerterrorismisandthereforesetupagoodplan toavoidterrorismoratleastprotectthemselvesfromnotbecomingvictimsoftheterror.Theattack on9/11wasnotthefirst ...Getmorecontent...

TheGlobalFightAgainstTerrorism

AmanPatel Mr.Stout WorldHistory

1/28/14

TheGlobalFightagainstTerrorismInordertothoroughlyanalyzetheglobalfightagainstterrorism, itisimperativetofirstunderstandthedefinitionofterrorism.AlexWoolfstatesthatterrorismisthe useofviolenceagainstcivilians,inordertoachievepoliticalgoals(Woolf4).Suchpoliticalgoals includealteringthegovernmentofacountry,abolishingunfairlawspassedbybiasedindividualsin power,andchangingthestatusquoofasociety.Asopposedtoanactofwar,terrorisminvolves excessiveviolence,andisgenerallytargetedtowardsciviliansandinnocentbystanders.Smalleror weakerfactionshaveutilizedterrorismasatactictoattractattentionandattackgovernments(Woolf 8).Governmentshavealsosupportedterrorismtosuppressandcontroloppositiongroupsand politicalparties(Woolf8)

Manyindividualsembraceterrorismforvariousreasons.Thegrievancescouldbeinformsof dissatisfactionwiththeireconomicsituation,ordifferencesinpoliticsandreligionwiththeruling government(Woolf12).AccordingtoRichardBarret,coordinatoroftheAlQaedaTaliban MonitoringTeamfortheUN,statesshouldconsidereducationandmessagingasmethodsto decreasetheappealofterrorismtodiscontentedMuslims(French)Certainindividualsresortto terrorismbecausetheyaredeniedavoiceintheirgovernment.Also,peoplemayfindthetimingto berighttovoicetheiropinion,inaviolent

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AngelaBrown ProfessorMiller

English112 13Sept2015 Terrorism

Manyofuswillembraceourlovedonesbeforeleavingourhomestostartahecticworkday.Aswe hugourchildrenandkissourspousesgoodbye,thethoughtoflosingthem,orourlivestoactsof terrorism,istypicallynotonetocrossourmindsOnSeptember11,2001,thismerethoughtbecame therealityformanyfamilies.TheeleventhofSeptemberwillforeverberememberedasthedatea terroristorganization,knownasal–Qaeda,attackedtheUnitedStateskillingthousandsofinnocent people.Theal–QaedaorganizationhaveexposedvulnerabilitiesintheUnitedStates'homeland security.Manyhavequestionedhowcouldthishappentoacountryknowntobethemostpowerful nationintheworldandwhatstepsarebeingtakentopreventtheseactsfromoccurringinthefuture?

Today,terrorismisaforefrontglobalissuebringingnationstogethertodevelopwaystoimprove nationalsecurityforall.Thetermterrorism,inEnglishuse,originatedduringtheFrenchRevolution 'sReignofTerrorwhenviolentactswerecarriedoutbyapoliticalgroupcalledtheJacobinClub. TheJacobinClubconductednumerousofguillotinekillingstoenforceobediencefromthestateand tobullyregimeenemies(HistoryofTerrorism)Historyalsoshowswhenindividualsdisagreewith beliefsorviewsofanothergroupofpeople,sometimesactsofviolenceanddestructionareusedto intimidateorconform.Examplesofactsof

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TheImportanceOfTerrorism

Terrorismisaninternationalproblemthathasaffectedmanynationsdirectlyandindirectlyfor hundredsofyears.Itisdefinedbymanyas"amethodofgoverningorofresistingagovernmentby theuseofviolenceandthreatstointimidateorcoercethetarget"(Baylis403).Althoughthereare manysignsandindicatorsofterroristactivities,suchas:surveillance,elicitation,andsupplies,it willalwaysbeastruggletocombatwithterrorismUnfortunately,becauseofthis,theworldwill havetocontinuetolearntolivewithterrorism.

Sinceterrorismisaninevitableaspectoflife,itisimportantthateveryoneiseducatedonthe subjectTherearefourknowntypesofterroristgroupscategorizedbytheirsourceof motivation:...showmorecontent...

Lastly,itisimportantthatcitizenspayattentiontoanyoneacquiringsuspicioussupplies.These supplieswillincludeitemssuchas:explosives,weapons,ammunition,chemicals,orchemical equipment("Secure").Terroristsareknowntocreatemassivedestructionwithoutbeingrecognized fortheirsuspiciousbehaviorOnNovember16th,2017atleast18peoplewerekilledoutsideofa restaurantbyanallegedcarbombinKabul,Afghanistan(Maps).Becauseofthefactthatterrorists cansoeasilyblendinwithanyone,itishardtochallengetheiractsofterror.

Onceterroristsrealizedhoweasyitwasforthemtoimplementsomuchfearonsomanypeople, terrorismwentfrombeingdomestictotransnational.From1980–2017therewereatleast11 terroristattacksonUnitedStatessoil("USTerrorist")Asofrightnowthereare195countriesinthe worldandallofthemareatriskjustastheUnitedStatesis("Countries").Ithasbecomesoeasyfor terroriststoattacktransnationallybecauseoftheadvancementsinairtravel,technology,and politicalinterestsintersectedaroundacommoncause

Airtravelseemedratherimpressivetoterroristsformanyreasons.Inthebeginningairportsecurity measuresseemednon–existent,butthathassincechanged.Whentherewasvirtuallynoairport security,itwascommonforterroriststotakepartinskyjackings.Skyjackingsarewhentheterrorists would

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CanWeStoptheWorldwideDisease–Terrorism?Terrorism,whichhasbeenaroundforaslongas peoplecanremember,hasbeenontheriseforthepasttenyears.Terroristsusuallyusemurdering, kidnapping,hi–jackingandbombingstoachievetheirpoliticalpurpose.Forinstance,accordingto Wikipedia.com(2006),in1985816deaths,thenin2003,morethan1,000peoplediedbyterorist actsaroundtheworldInrecentyears,terrorismseemstobeatanewheightandattacksaremuch moreviolentthaninthepast.Unfortunately,inspiteofmanyanti–terrorcampaigns,projectsand organizationsarebeingcreatedforprevention(toprevent)terrorism,thenumberofterroristsonlyis increasingThesedaysterrorismisallovertheworldshowmorecontent Forexample,theAndijanEvents,whichhappenedin2005.Manyinnocentpeoplewerekilled duringtheterroristsattempttotakecontroloverthegovernmentof(maybein)Andijan.Asthe PresidentofUzbekistan,IslamKarimovsaid(UzbekNationWillNeverDependonOthers,2005), theexecutorsofthatterroractwerethemembersof,so–called,IslamicMovementofUzbekistan. TheirprimarygoalwastosetCaliphateinUzbekistan,whichwouldhavemadeUzbekistanan IslamicRepublicandledtoputdotinUzbekistan'sdevelopment,especiallyineconomygrowth. Also,therearesomeotherreasonsforterroristactssuchas:hatetowardsarace,nationality,or religion.Thefollowingexamplecontainsallreasonslistedabove.Anotherinternationalterrorgroup Al–Qaeda,numberoneterrorgroupwithamultimillionaireleaderOsamaBenLaden,carriedouta terrorattackin2001,inUSAReferringtoWikipediacom(2006),terroristshijackedfour commercialairplanesandcrashedtwoofthemintoWorldTradeCentre,inManhattan.Theother onecrashedtoUSPentagon,andfourthcrashedinruralplaceinPennsylvania.Ittookabout2,986 livesofinnocentpeople,including19hijackers,andmorethan40000peoplewereinjuredInboth examplesmentionedabove,thereareexactmotivatingfactors.Inbothcasesthemotivatingfactors areideologyandreligion.Buttherearealsomanyotherfactorswhichmakepeoplebecome terroristsandtakegunsintheirhandsorblowthemselves

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Terrorismisaglobalissuethathasbeenaproblemformanyforcenturies.Manyagreethatthereis notjustonecleardefinitionoftheword.TheDictionary.comdefinitionofterrorismis,"Theuseof violenceandthreatstointimidateorcoerce,especiallyforpoliticalpurposes."Thisdefinitionis incomplete.Itdoesn'ttellyouthattheactofterrorismiswrongordoesitdescribewhocanbe affectedbyitTheFBI'sdefinitionseemstobeabetterdescriptionTheydefineitas,"Terrorismis theunlawfuluseofforceandviolenceagainstpersonsorpropertytointimidateorcoercea government,thecivilianpopulation,oraysegmentthereof,infurtheranceofpoliticalorsocial objectives

Terrorismisaglobalissuebecausecountrieswillalwayshavepoliticalgroupsorreligiousgroup withdifferentviewsonhowtheircountyshouldberun.Someofthesegroupshavehatredfor groupsorcountriesthatopposethoseviews.Theyusethathatredtocommitplanned,andorganized actsofviolencetocausefearinasociety,andshowthatthesociety'sgovernmentisunableto protectitscitizensActsofterrorismusuallyaffectsinnocentpeople,intheirdailylives,including children.Thesocietiesthatareattackedareforcedtochangethewayitisruninordertoprotectthat societyfromfutureattacks.Thesechangescanmakeasocietyfeelasthoughtheirgovernmentis beingtoocontrolling.Themainobjectiveofterrorismistocausechaosin

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Despitespendingbillionsofdollarstofightendlesswars,globalterrorismrose43%in2013.Asa result,terrorismhasbeenbroughttotheforeofnotonlytheAmericanmentality,butthe internationalmentalityaswell.Consequently,wemustdoafewthingsinordertomaintainour sanity,dignity,power,andsecurity.

Wemustretaliateforcefullyandsuccessfully.Wemustgarnersupportforourcauseandgiveother countriesareasontowanttostandbehindAmerica.Wemustreassuretheworldofourconfidence asagreatpower,andourabilitytoretainthatstatusLastly,andmostpractically,wemustexplore thepossibilitiesofterrorismthatexistandattempttograsptheactualthreatthatthese...showmore content

Theseinclude:

Telecommunications,electricalpowersystems,gasandoil,bankingandfinance,transportation, watersupplysystems,andgovernmentandemergencyservices(CriticalInfrastructureAssurance Office).Thesesystemsandtheirroleinoureverydaylivescannotbetakenforgranted.Whatwould wedoiftheyweretobreakdown?

I'mwalkingafinelineherewithregardstothedefinitionofterrorismItisnotoftenimpliedthatthe goaloftheterrorististocauseirreparabledamagetoaparticularstatesystem.Instead,thegoalofa terrorististocommunicateamessage,attractattention,ortoadvanceapoliticalideologythrough violent(andnotnecessarilyubiquitous)actsWipingoutacountry'seconomicfoundationmaybe anactionthatwouldbeexpectedasanactofwar;astate–sponsoredprojectinresponsetoanother statesadversarynature,aswehavedemonstratedbyemployingeconomicsanctionsinresponseto SaddamHussein'sdisregardformorality.

ButthenIconsiderthecausesandmotivesofterrorismIamawareofReligiousfanaticismandPost Warconditionsareobvious,butIworrymostaboutterroriststhatarebothembitteredanddrivenby adeephatredfordemocracy,theinstitutionsitfosters,andfeelingsofeconomicdistress.Onewho israisedinanenvironmentthatfuelsthese

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Inthefightagainstglobalterrorism,theUnitedStateshasemergedastheleaderinthefightagainst transnationalterrorismduetoitsstandingasworld'slonesuperpowerandthefactbigtargetfor attacksbyterroristgroups.However,withthatbeingsaidaspowerfulastheUnitedStatesisand withasmanyresourcesthatithasatitsdisposalittofightterrorismitstillneedshelpfromothers. Nationstatesthatareinregionswereterroristswreakorhaveterroristactivitywithintheirown bordersareinasituationinwhichtheywouldbeabletohelptheUnitedStatesinasubstantialway byprovidingagreatdealofinformationandpartneringupwiththeUnitedStatesinthefightagainst terrorismHowever,therearenationsshowmorecontent

ThefundingofterroristgroupshasbeenabigissueforUnitedStatescounterterroristpolicies becauseessentiallywhatishappeningisthatterroristgroupswhoreceivefundingfromnationstates notonlyhavethedesiretocommitactsofterrorbuttheynowhavethemoneyand/orresourcesthey needtogetwhateverweaponssuchasguns,bombsandknifesthatwouldenablethemtocommit whatevercrimesthatpoppedintotheirheadsAdditionally,eveninsituationsinwhichterrorist groupsareinnationsthatareanti–terroristbuthavetheresourcesavailablesuchaspurchasing certainitemsfromstorestocommitactsofterrorfromstoreswouldallowterrorgroupstocarryout theiractivitiesiftheyarenotcaughtintimetopreventthemfromcarryingouttheirplans. Terrorists/terroristgroupsthathavethenecessaryresourcestoengageinterroristicactivitymakes thefightagainstinternationalterrorismthatmuchmorecomplicatedbecausetheywouldhave similarresourcestothecounterterroristforces,theUnitedStatesinparticularandwesternnationsin general.Hoffman,inreferencetotheamountofmoneyperyearIranfundedforvariousterrorists groupsmentions,"Iranwasallegedtohaveprovidedatotalofabout$100millionayeartovarious Islamicterroristorganizationsacross

Terrorismiscertainlynotinnovativeanddespitethefact,thatithasbeendocumentedthroughout history,itismoderatelydifficulttodefinewhatterrorismis.Whenitcomestodiscussingterrorism, ithasbeenpubliclyunderstoodfromeitherexploitingorthreateningthebrutalityinorderto enhanceapoliticalcause;thiscanbeconfusingasthereisn'tauniversallyapproveddefinition towardsterrorismForinstance,theGlobalTerrorismIndexhasanalysedthat64,000peoplewere killedbyspecificenactmentsofterrorismthroughout2002and2011.Thisisaninterpretationof howterrorismhasbecomeoneofthemostexceedinglypoliticalproblemsthroughouttheprevious halfcenturyThereareavarietyoflawenforcement,researchersandpolicymakerswhohavesofar beenunsuccessfulwhenitcomestodefiningterrorism;thisiswhyIwillgointodepthaboutthe difficultiesthatcometowardsdefiningterrorism.

Thecircumstancesconcerningterrorismhavebeeninclinedbyanextensivesignificancetowardsthe internationalcommunitywhichiswhyithasincreasedprimeforeignpolicychallengesofthestates Terroristpowerhasbeenincreasingduetothemostmoderntypesofcommunicationtechnologies andtransportwhichhasmadeiteffortlessforanyterroristtoattaintargetstoforaythemwithoutany difficulties.Thisisthereasonwhyithasincreasedthethreatofterrorismandformedittobemuch morealarmingthaneverinthepast.Eventhoughthe

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ETAstandsforEuskadiTaAskatasunainEuskara,orinEnglish,BasqueFatherlandandFreedom.

ItgrewoutoftheEKINinSpainin1959andformedasaradicalBasqueseparatistgroup. DiscontentedwiththemoderatenationalismofthemainBasqueparty,theETAisdedicatedtoa separatenation–statefortheBasquepeople,anethnicgroupinhabitingareasofnorthernSpainand southwesternFranceCurrentlythereareabout300membersCurrentleadersincludeJuanCruz MaizteguiBengoaandJoséLuisEciolazaGalán,howeververylittleisknownabouttheETApower hierarchy.Theyareextremelysecretiveabouttheirleadershipstructure.Howeverin1992,ETA's threetopleaders–"military"leaderFranciscoMujikaGarmendia,showmorecontent Thegrouphasattemptedseveralcease–fires,includinga14–monthonethatlasteduntilDecember 1999.WhiletherehavebeenanumberofETAattackssince2000,thegrouphasclaimedfewer victims.ThestringsofbombingsinSeptember2004,December2005,andearly2006were generallyprecededbywarningsanddidnotresultinanydeaths.AlsotheSpanishgovernmenthas beencrackingdown,andtherearemorethanonehundredsuspectedETAmembersinSpanish prisonstoday.InMarch2006,ETAdeclaredapermanentcease–fire,butbrokethisdealin Decemberwiththeplacementofacarbomb.Sincethentheyhaveappearedrelativelyweak, especiallywiththearrestofJurdanMartitegi,thefourthconsecutiveETAmilitarychieftobe arrestedbythepolice.However,violenceresurgedinthesummerof2009,leadingtothedeathof threeindividualsandinjuringdozensmoreTheETAmaysimplybebidingitstimebefore commencinganotherstringofattacks.FARCFARCstandsforFuerzasArmadasRevolucionariasde Colombia,orRevolutionaryArmedForcesofColombia.ThegroupgrewoutoftheColombian CommunistPartyin1964withtheaimofoverthrowingthecurrentdemocraticgovernmentof ColombiaandreplacingitwithaCommunistgovernment.Therearecurrentlyaround12,000FARC members.ManuelMarulandaand

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