List of references

(CPD), C. C. &. P. D., 2013. Senior planning official [Interview] 2013. Architectes, B.-L., n.d. EuroNantes. Nantes: s.n. BCVA Architecture, 2013. Ørestad 2.0. Ørestad: s.n. BY&HAVN, n.d. Where employees want to live and work. s.l.:s.n. Chemetoff, A., 1993. The guide plan of "L'île de Nantes". Nantes, s.n. Christensen, 2007. [Interview] 2007. Christensen, D., 2003. Ørestad. Historic perspective, planning, implementation, documentation [Interview] 2003. Copenhagen, W., n.d. https://www.visitcopenhagen.com/copenhagen/8-housegdk539319. [Online]. Fletcher, S., 2017. Decide, Announce, Defend (DAD). [Online] Available at: https://participedia.net/en/methods/decide-announce-defend-dad [Accessed 13 March 2018]. Gehl, J., 2010. Cities for people. s.l.:ISLAND PRESS. Hansen, K. V. M., 2011. Is the deserted town Ørestad going to wake up?. EUROVIEWS. Hansen, K. V. M., 2011. An attractive ghost city. [Online] Available at: http://www.euroviews.eu/2012/?p=1639 [Accessed 2018 March 08]. Harbor, H., 2011. An attractive ghost city? [Interview] 2011. Jacques, V., 2006. quai des antilles. [Art]. Jean Mar Ayraut - Deputy Mayor of Nantes, P. o. N. M., 2008. Rapport SAMOA [Interview] 2008. Jensen, O. K., 2011. Chairman of the Board in Ferring Pharmaceuticals [Interview] 2011. Jepsen, 2007. VM Husene Ørestad, Copenhagen. [Art]. Johanna Rolland, M. d. N., 2017. Dossier de presse île de Nantes Expérimentations [Interview] 2017. Jørgensen, I. K. F. &. N. J., 1997. Making strategic spatial plans, Innovation in Europe. In: A plan of hope and glory. An example of development planning in Denmark after Maastricht.. London: UCL Press, pp. 39-58.

Majoor, S., 2014. Ørestad: Copenhagen's radical new town project in transition. Planning Theory & Practice, 15(3), pp. 432-438. Majoor, S. J. H., 2009. The Disconnected Innovation of New Urbanity in Zuidas Amsterdam, Ørestad Copenhagen and Forum Barcelona. European Planning Studies , 17(9). Mikkelsen, K., 2013. Interview [Interview] 2013. Nantes Métropole, 2017. L'Ile de Nantes, un grand projet pour une métropole européenne. [Online] Available at: https://www.nantesmetropole.fr/decouverte/les-grands-projets/l-ile-denantes-29111.kjsp [Accessed 11 March 2018]. Olsson, L. & Loerakker, J., 2013. The story behind Failure: Copenhagen's Business Districk Orestad. [Online] Available at: https://www.failedarchitecture.com/the-story-behind-the-failurecopenhagens-business-district-orestad/ [Accessed 17 Février 2018]. Ørestadsselskabet, 1994. Ørestaden, Ideas Competition. Ørestaden, p. 56. Ørestadsselskabet, 1995. Ørestaden, master plan. Copenhagen: Ørestadsselskabet. Peter, 2015. Copenhagen metro train on the elevated tracks in Ørestad. [Art]. SAMOA, 2008. Rapport d'activités de la SAMOA, Nantes: s.n. Sennett, R., 2006. The Open City. [Online] Available at: https://lsecities.net/media/objects/articles/the-open-city/en-gb/ [Accessed March 2018]. Thinktank, M., 2012. Machines de L'Ile de Nantes, Steampunk Elephant. [Art]. Vandkunsten, 2014. Masterplan. s.l.: s.n.

List of illustrations

Figure 1: VM Husene Ørestad, Copenhagen. Source: (Jepsen, 2007) .............................. 1 Figure 2: Egnsplankontoret, Skitseforslag til egnsplan for Storkøbenhavn (Copenhagen Finger Plan) - Tutein & Koch, Copenhagen, Denmark (1947) .......................................... 7 Figure 3: Satellite image of Copenhagen with location of the Ørestad project, by OG Havn .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 4: Repartition diagram of the project’s types at Nantes ..................................... 10 Figure 5: Repartition diagram of the project’s types at Ørestad ................................... 10 Figure 6: Map of Ørestad, (Hansen, 2011) ..................................................................... 12 Figure 7: Main crossroads and transportation ways, (BY&HAVN, s.d.) ......................... 13 Figure 8: The 15000 square meters and 20 floors of the Ferring building. Source: Ørestad.dk - 2002 ........................................................................................................... 14 Figure 10: Empty residences in Ørestad. Information: Copenhagen Municipality 1th of January. ........................................................................................................................... 15 Figure 9 : The population and residences in Ørestad. It is clear to see that more and more people move to the area. Source: Copenhagen Municipality 1th of January ................ 15 Figure 11: 8house by night. Source: Wikipedia .............................................................. 15 Figure 12: Aerial view of Ørestad. Source: (BY&HAVN, s.d.) .......................................... 16 Figure 13: Districts map of the Island. Source: Original creation ................................... 17 Figure 14: Intention plan of the restructuration. Source: îledenantes.com .................. 18 Figure 15: We can see here, the Euronantes district connected by different bridges on both sides of the Island. Source: Nantes development ................................................. 19 Figure 16: On this pictures representing Euronantes we can see similarities with Ørestad, large spaces, abundant vegetation, the absence of visible carpark, etc. Source: (Architectes, s.d.) ............................................................................................................ 20 Figure 17: The most famous attraction of the Royal De Luxe Company, the mechanical elephant. (Thinktank, 2012) ........................................................................................... 21 Figure 18: The most famous attraction of the Royal De Luxe Company, the mechanical elephant. Source: ............................................................................................................ 21 Figure 19: “The bar graph shows the average number of people who stay on two newly built squares in Copenhagen and Oslo respectively, on summer days between 12 noon and 4p.m.” (Gehl, 2010) ................................................................................................. 26 Figure 20: A public space in Ørestad (Peter, 2015) ........................................................ 27 Figure 21: The “Quai des Antilles” at Nantes in the West point district dedicated to entertainment. (Jacques, 2006) ..................................................................................... 28 Figure 22: “Copenhagen metro train on the elevated tracks in Ørestad”. A public space in Ørestad. Source: (Peter, 2015) ................................................................................... 28 Figure 23: Master plan of the future Arena district. Source: (Vandkunsten, 2014) ...... 30

Figure 24: To vary the scales of sizes, to improve the transitions. Source: (Vandkunsten, 2014) ............................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 25: Possible smaller urbanization track around the canal, left the actual plot, right artistic view. .................................................................................................................... 31