Research Turned into Action - The Global Governance Programme

RESEARCH TURNED INTO ACTION The Global Governance Programme

FOREWORD

The Global Governance Programme (GGP) is one of the flagship programmes of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute (EUI). It aims to: build a community of outstanding professors and scholars, produce high quality research, engage with the world of practice through policy dialogue, and contribute to the fostering of present and future generations of policy and decision makers through its executive training.

The launch of the GGP in 2010 was based on the understanding that the world has fundamentally changed over the last twenty years, becoming ever more connected and multipolar, with a pronounced expansion in demand for global governance given the problems facing our contemporary societies. Many of the big issues facing the world can only be addressed through co-operation across borders, involving States, international organisations, civil society and private actors. The international system is characterised by a serial rise in the number of regional organisations, trade agreements, arbitration mechanisms, and NGOs with a global focus. States remain powerful actors in the international system but do so as part of a world of connectivity and deep interdependence.

In all of these areas, established and early career scholars research, write on and discuss, within and beyond academia, issues of global governance in a unique environment full of creativity and intellectual vitality, in close co-operation with other Robert Schuman Centre programmes and the wider EUI community.

Thanks in part to the unparalleled convening power of the Robert Schuman Centre, the Global Governance Programme has over the years attracted distinguished scholars and leading decisionmakers for intellectually vibrant discussions, which have contributed robust critical thinking to questions of policy and institutional design. The GGP produces high quality academic and policy publications, including the Policy Brief series.

Find out more about our research community and how to join us, learn more about our core activities in the following pages, and keep abreast of the many initiatives, conferences, workshops, seminars and executive training courses through our website and Facebook page.

The GGP, as the EUI’s response to these developments in regional and international co-operation, focuses on four broad interdisciplinary themes and on the many crosscutting issues related to globalisation: ■■ European, Transnational and Global Governance ■■ Global Economics ■■ Europe in the World ■■ Cultural Pluralism

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Brigid Laffan Director of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies and of the Global Governance Programme

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INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AT THE FOREFRONT

EUROPEAN, TRANSNATIONAL AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE The European Transnational and Global Governance research area develops policy-oriented research with a transversal character. This is based on the understanding that a serial increase has occurred in the number of actors engaging in governance beyond State borders; for example, some 60,000 NGOs are operating in the international system. Moreover, many different modes of governance exist at regional and global levels, including State-led forms of transnational governance, governance and regulation produced by non-State actors plus a multiplicity of regime complexes involving both public and private actors. This research area focuses on the mechanisms, processes and agents of governance at global and regional level, while its activities bridge other Global Governance Programme research areas that concentrate more on specific global public goods, notably, trade, investment, development, cultural pluralism and the role of Europe in the world.

Linked to a substantive focus on governance, emphasis is placed on how transnational cooperation evolves and operates in different parts of the world. The research area draws on the experiences of European, regional and international organisations to analyse negotiation dynamics, power and asymmetrical relations, the institutionalisation of co-operation, the role of law and norms, issues of regulation and compliance, and differences across policy fields and regions of the world. Attention is paid to questions of design, effects and compliance of different modes of governance. The research area also addresses issues pertaining to the legitimacy, efficiency and accountability of evolving modes of governance that are weakly rooted in democratic politics within States.

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The European Union has evolved into the most institutionalised and legally bounded system of governance above the level of the State. The depth and range of its policy reach, central institutions, and the constitutionalisation of its treaties have transformed the original communities into a distinctive compound polity. The EU represents an intensive site of transnational governance unmatched in other regions in the world. Europe possesses unparalleled experience as a laboratory of transnational governance and co-operation. The focus here is on ‘Europe as a Laboratory’ that forms the core dynamics of European integration and the governance modes that it has fostered.

However, although lessons may be drawn from the European experience, they cannot be exported unchanged to other parts of the world, hence the related theme, within this area, of comparative regional integration.

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COMPARATIVE REGIONAL INTEGRATION The research team of the European Transnational and Global Governance area in fact analyses one of the most noteworthy forms of transnational governance that confronts globalisation, notably, the creation and reactivation of regional organisations. Trade and economic motivations inspire the creation of regional groupings but other issues, such as security and even social cohesion, are often articulated as rationales for this trend. In trade terms, regional integration raises the issue of compatibility between the global and the regional. The uni-

verse of existing regional organisations is explored with a comparative focus, with particular attention paid to the question of institutional design. The area aims to address questions on what inspires the selection of specific institutional architectures and on the effects of these choices in terms of compliance, efficiency, legitimacy and democratic accountability. Organs such as regional courts, parliaments, and secretariats are analysed in a comparative manner, as well as forms of regional citizenship or domestic constitutional openings to regional processes.

DIRECTORS

Brigid Laffan is Director and Professor at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies and Director of the Global Governance Programme. In August 2013, Professor Laffan left the School of Politics and International Relations (SPIRe) at University College Dublin (UCD) where she was Professor of European Politics. She was Vice-President of UCD and Principal of the College of Human Sciences from 2004 to 2011.

She was the founding director of the Dublin European Institute at UCD from 1999 and in March 2004 was elected as a member of the Royal Irish Academy. She is a member of the Board of the Mary Robinson Foundation for Climate Justice. Professor Laffan was on the Fulbright Commission (until September 2013) and the 2013 Visiting Scientist for the EXACT Marie Curie Network.

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Carlos Closa Montero, is part-time Professor at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. He is Professor at the Institute for Public Goods and Policies (IPP) at the Spanish National Research Council.

He served (2005-2009) as member of the Venice Commission for Democracy through Law (Council of Europe) and was Deputy Director of the Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies (2004-2008).

Formerly, he was Professor at the University of Zaragoza and Complutense and Visiting Professor at the College of Europe and the Instituto Universitario Ortega y Gasset.

He was Visiting Fellow at the Minda de Gunzburg Centre at Harvard University, Jean Monnet Fellow and Salvador de Madariaga Fellow at the EUI and Emile Noel Fellow at the New York University.

RESEARCH TURNED INTO ACTION

GLOBAL ECONOMICS: TRADE, INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

Executive Training Global Value Chains: Policy Implications and Opportunities, October 2013

The Global Economics research area conducts policyrelevant research in the area of trade, investment and economic development. An ever larger share of national output and employment involves participation in international value chains, with firms specialising in defined inputs and services that are embodied in a final product.

Economic development and growth prospects of countries depend on effective policies that support the ability of firms to participate in the global economy. Global value chains offer a useful framework to better understand how regulations impact on trade and investment and to identify policies that governments can use to enable firms to better exploit trade opportunities. Those policies may generate negative impacts on other countries.

International agreements are a key instrument used by governments to agree on policy disciplines to reduce these detrimental spillover effects.

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The research team focuses on issues of interest to the European Union and its Member States, but also beyond European boundaries, including in relation to the functioning and future of the multilateral trading system (the WTO), the so-called mega-regional trade agreements (such as the EU negotiations for a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) agreement and a plurilateral Trade in Services Agreement), and the trade and investment policies of large emerging economies and other developing countries.

Under this umbrella, a number of research projects aim to investigate: ■■ The future of the multilateral trading system— analysis of trade and investment policies and trade agreements aiming to identify national interests and concerns about current international trade governance mechanisms, as part of an evolving network of policy research institutes based around the world (including

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the South African Institute for International Affairs; the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Brazil), and the Korea Institute for Economic Policy); ■■ New approaches towards regulatory cooperation— on the design of new modalities of economic cooperation policies that generate trade and investment barriers for goods and services; ■■ Trade and development policies in a supply chain world —in particular, looking at the design of policies to assist small firms integrate into international value chains, trade facilitation, foreign direct investment, intellectual property protection, and other government policies, in a world characterised by extensive international specialisation and production networks; ■■ Transparency in government procurement—on policies that governments implement when engaging in public purchasing and assessing their economic effects; and

■■ Climate change policies and the WTO—on tradeenvironment linkages to identify whether and how existing WTO disciplines impact on implementation of efficient climate change policies.

In late 2013, this research area hosted the launch meeting of the Trade Policy Modelling Forum, a joint venture with the World Trade Institute/Bern University, which convenes an international network of leading academic modellers and analysts from international organisations (the OECD, the GTAP consortium, IFPRI, UNCTAD, the World Bank, the WTO). The Forum aims to improve model-based analysis of deep integration initiatives, such as the TTIP, by agreeing on common standards and benchmarks for assessing the impact of regulatory policies and cooperation in this area.

DIRECTORS

Bernard M. Hoekman is Professor at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. He has held senior positions at the World Bank, including Director of the International Trade Department and Research Manager of the Development Research Group. He has also worked as an economist in the GATT Secretariat and held visiting appointments at SciencesPo. He has published widely on trade policy and development, the global trading system, and trade in services. He is a graduate of the Erasmus University Rotterdam, holds a PhD in economics from the University of Michigan and is a Research Fellow of the Centre for Economic Policy Research.

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Petros C. Mavroidis holds the Chair in Global and Regional Economic Law of the Law Department of the European University Institute and the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. He is Edwin B. Parker Professor of Law at Columbia Law School in New York, on leave at the EUI. He was Chief-reporter at the American Law Institute project on ‘The Law and Economics of the WTO’. He has published in the law and economics of international trade organization, and is advising developing countries at the WTO.

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EUROPE IN THE WORLD

The Europe in the World research area explicitly ties the study of Europe’s international relations and role in international and security affairs to the central changes and challenges in world politics today. Through its research, seminars, and scholarly publications, this research area seeks to integrate theoretical and conceptual insights from a wide range of perspectives in international relations, the social sciences, history, and international law, with politically relevant empirical analysis. The research area contributes to theoretical and political debates on European and international affairs, and the implications of a multi-centred, multi-actor world for emerging global dynamics. It engages with key areas of European affairs and addresses some of the big questions confronting Europe and the EU in the decades ahead.

■■ EU foreign, security, and defence policy, including questions of purpose and strategy; ■■ The rocky and still tenuous consolidation of the EU as a “high politics” actor in global affairs; ■■ Issues of coherence and cohesion vs. divisions and fragmentation in external engagement; ■■ Internal and external aspects of European security and defence; ■■ The foreign, security, and defence policies of individual European States or groups of States; ■■ The impact of major shifts and continuities in international affairs on Europe itself.

The animating vision of the research area is to bring together prominent and promising scholars and practitioners in the field, both from, within and outside the EUI, and to support cutting-edge research, with the goal Central research themes of this research area include: ■■ Europe’s role and place in the emergent world of 21st of generating widely-read publications in internationally recognised journals and book presses. century global politics; ■■ Europe’s foreign relations broadly, including the evolving relations of the EU with major and emerging pow- This new research area, created in the spring of 2014, will ers (including the U.S., China, Russia, India, Brazil), as launch its full range of activities during the 2014-2015 well as regional and global international organisations; academic year.

DIRECTOR Ulrich Krotz, holds the Chair in International Relations of the Political Science Department of the European University Institute and the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. He is the author of Flying Tiger: International Relations Theory and the Politics of Advanced Weapons (Oxford University Press, 2011); Shaping Europe: France, Germany, and Embedded Bilateralism from the Elysée Treaty to Twenty-First Century Politics (with Joachim Schild) (Oxford University Press, 2013); and

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History and Foreign Policy in France and Germany (Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming). His articles have appeared in World Politics, International Security, the European Journal of International Relations, International Affairs, European Security, Foreign Policy Analysis, and the Journal of Common Market Studies.

CULTURAL PLURALISM

The Cultural Pluralism research area develops policyoriented research on two compelling challenges of the 21st century that must be addressed at the European and global level The Governance of Cultural and Religious Diversity, and The Economics of Cultural Diversity.

Considering the normative challenges of living in open, yet cohesive and democratic, societies, how can different forms of pluralism be managed? How does the relationship between multiculturalism and equality evolve across different liberal and democratic contexts? What are the different paradigms of secularism professed in Europe, North America or Asia? How does cultural pluralism relate to national identity and cultural heritage?

In this context, the Cultural Pluralism research team explores the governance of diversity from three main perspectives: the sociological and institutional one, by focussing on existing institutions and practices that need to be further developed with the purpose of successfully managing cultural and religious plurality; the political perspective, by exploring the relationship between political ideology (the traditional left- and right-wing distinction), culture and religion. Finally, as governance of cultural and religious diversity cannot exist without appropriate legal frameworks, the

legal perspective. The team evaluates the effectiveness of legal frameworks and seeks to analyse in a comparative manner how native vs. migration-related cultural and religious diversity is managed in different countries and continents.

Investigating the Economics of Cultural Diversity, the research team explores the relationship between cultural diversity, social solidarity and socio-economic development, aiming to address key questions, such as: ■■ Is cultural diversity bad for social solidarity? In times of crisis, when resources are scarce, what are the political and policy prerequisites for social solidarity in a culturally diverse society?

■■ Is cultural diversity a burden for society or is it an advantage that favours growth and human development?

In studying the economics of cultural diversity, research and policy advice focus on: Cultural Diversity for Growth, to analyse, in particular, the business case for diversity (cultural diversity as a positive factor in creativity, productivity and marketing); and Culture as a Lever of Growth and Development, to investigate cultural diversity, as expressed in the multi-faceted artistic and cultural landscape of diverse societies, as a lever for employment creation and innovation.

DIRECTOR Anna Triandafyllidou is Professor at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. Before joining the Global Governance Programme, she was part time professor at the Centre (2010-2012). During the past decade, she headed a highly successful migration research team as Senior Fellow at the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP) in Athens (2004-2012). She has been Visiting Professor at the College of Europe in Bruges since 2002, and is the Editor-

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in-Chief of the Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies.

Professor Triandafyllidou has held teaching and research positions at the University of Surrey (UK) (1994-95), the London School of Economics (1995-97), the CNR in Rome (1997-99), the EUI (19992004) and the Democritus University of Thrace (2007-2010). She has received awards from the Fulbright Programme and the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service).

GLOBALSTAT DATABASE

The GlobalStat database (online in Autumn 2014) aims to address the basic need for statistical data on developments in a globalised world, which are key to evidencebased analysis and informed decision-making in global governance. The database focuses on globalisation, sustainable development and human well-being, presenting country-level data on the economic and political foundation of global human interaction as well as on their key environmental, social and societal aspects. With this focus, GlobalStat follows a broad and informed approach to globalisation as well as its triggers, drivers and effects and provides detailed information on the way human beings live, what freedoms they enjoy and what limitations they face. As a freely accessible tool it offers citizens, academics, stakeholders and policymakers an excellent source of information to strengthen their knowledge base on the many aspects and multiple impacts of globalisation.

Data are grouped under 12 thematic and three horizontal areas most strongly exposed to the effects of globalisation.

Moreover, data on global trends are taken up in order to highlight potential future paths. The section on trends reflects the inter-generational component which a sustain-

able globalisation path has to pay tribute to in order to increase the sustainable quality of human lives. This section also offers interpretations of the data presented as to sustainable livelihood, national wealth, human well-being and quality of life.

Data presented in GlobalStat relate, whenever possible, to the period from the 1960s to today and include country level data for all 193 UN Member States. UN institutions and international bodies are the key statistical sources of the database. Among GlobalStat’s collaboration partners are Eurostat, the FAO, the Fund for Peace, the Legatum Institute, the ILO, the OECD, SSF, Transparency International, the UN and the World Bank.

Starting in 2011, an intense conceptualisation phase resulted in GlobalStat’s design and selection of indicators. Since 2012, a huge amount of data has been collected and processed. The GlobalStat website was designed during 2013.

GlobalStat (September 2011 – December 2014) is developed and co-financed by the Global Governance Programme and the Portuguese Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos. The research project involves a team of researchers from both partner institutions.

DIRECTOR Gaby Umbach is the Director of GlobalStat and Co-Director of the Global Governance by Indicators research projects of the Global Governance Programme She is also Research Fellow at Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.

She holds a PhD in Political Science from the University of Cologne, where she is Senior Research Associate of the Jean Monnet Chair for Political Science and the Seminar for Social Policy (on leave). In both positions, she researches and teaches European integration issues. Over the past 14 years, she has been engaged

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in 14 international research projects.

Her fields of expertise include European integration studies and theories; Europeanisation; multi-level and new modes of governance; policy co-ordination; environmental, employment and socio-economic policies; EU constitutionalisation and institutionalisation; EU enlargement; and curriculum development in EU studies. Her current academic work focuses on global governance; sustainable development; institutional crisis reactions and global governance by indicators.

RESEARCH PROJECTS

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE BY INDICATORS

This research project examines the development, application and impact of indicators, composite indicators and indices in global governance and global administrative law. It seeks to understand these differently institutionalised governance forms, and investigates questions of democracy and accountability that accompany their deployment in global governance and law.

It therefore focuses on analysis of indicators as instruments of global governance that impact on actors’ behaviour in global governance contexts, potentially bypassing traditional, public authority-based forms of global governance and international law.

understand complex realities and to quantify measures.

They also help to measure and evaluate many aspects of global governance, be it State action, policy-specific developments or international institutions.

Composite indicators and indices are applied to describe and measure multidimensional concepts (such as sustainable development, governance, human wellbeing or competitiveness) as well as the performance of States, international or regional organisations and different domains of policy implementation. These measures are therefore often closely connected to policy judgements and prescriptions, and may become a means As instruments of global governance, indicators not of benchmarking and standard-setting. only quantify and simplify empirical phenomena to help

DIRECTOR Nehal Bhuta is Professor of Public International Law at the Law Department of the European University Institute and Co-director of the Global Governance by Indicators research project together with Dr Gaby Umbach.

He previously taught at the New School for Social Research and at the University of Toronto. His scholarship ranges from humanrights law, humanitarian law and

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international criminal law, to social and political theory and the history and theory of international law. He is a member of the board of editors of the European Journal of International Law and of the Journal of International Criminal Justice, Constellations and Humanity. He has also previously worked as a researcher for Human Rights Watch and for the International Center for Transitional Justice.

ITHACA INTEGRATION, TRANSNATIONAL MOBILITY AND HUMAN, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CAPITAL TRANSFERS Through a comparative study, extensive fieldwork and a survey, it aims to: ■■ Map transnational mobility flows in four migration systems (North Africa-EU; Western Balkans-EU; Eastern Europe-EU; and South Asia-EU); ■■ Assess the human, social and economic capital transfers generated by mobility flows; ■■ Identify the integration policies and mobility framework conditions that foster transnational mobility ITHACA aims to answer three key questions: ■■ To what extent, and in what ways, do integration and human, social, and economic capital transfers; conditions in the country of destination encourage ■■ Draw policy-relevant recommendations for the design transnational mobility? of policies and mobility frameworks at the EU level.

■■ What are the conditions in the country of origin that The European University Institute, with Professor Anna may encourage transnational mobility?

■■ What type of transfers take place through the trans- Triandafyllidou, coordinates a research consortium with participation by the Real Instituto Elcano, London national mobility of migrants?

Metropolitan University, and the International Centre The project, launched in 2013, focuses on economic for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) in Vienna. integration and mobility conditions as factors that en- ITHACA is funded by DG Home of the European Commission (2013-2015). courage or prevent transnational mobility.

This project studies the links between integration of migrants and their transnational mobility.

Over the past couple of decades, rich empirical research in the field of transnational migration studies has highlighted that migrants engage in transnational mobility for an array of reasons, ranging from economic to emotional or political ties with their country of origin.

DEMANDAT ADDRESSING DEMAND IN ANTI-TRAFFICKING EFFORTS AND POLICIES DemandAT examines the history, economics and politics of anti-trafficking measures, and explores how effective they have been in practice. By delivering theoretical and empirical background knowledge the project aims at feeding EU and national policy-making to ultimately eliminate or at least reduce suffering from the worst forms of exploitation. Trafficking in human beings covers a range of forms of forced labour and exploitation of women, men and children. While responses to trafficking have traditionally focused on combating the criminal networks involved in trafficking or protecting the human rights of victims, European countries are increasingly exploring ways of influencing demand for the services or products of those trafficked within their own economies and societies – for example, through criminalising clients, better control of recruitment agencies, or fair trade campaigns.

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The project, coordinated by the International Centre for Migration Policy Development, investigates demand in Trafficking of HumanBeings (THB) and related policies from a multi- and interdisciplinary perspective across a wide range of fields – migration, development or labour studies.

It combines a broad mapping of conceptual and theoretical issues, and evidence in specific ‘fields’ with empirical indepth analysis of case studies of demand in THB and related policies. Based on research in seven different countries – Belgium, the UK, France, Greece, Italy, Cyprus and the Netherlands – the Global Governance Programme research team, led by Professor Anna Triandafyllidou, examines demand for trafficking in human beings in the domestic work sector, the motivations and the profits behind it, and the circumstances that allow it to take place. DemandAT is funded by the 7th Framework Programme of the EU (2014-2017).

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ACADEMIC STAFF RESEARCH AREAS AND PROJECTS

Laura Bartolini holds a MSc degree in Development Economics from the University of Florence and is enrolled in a Master’s Programme in Public Policy and SoACADEMIC cial Change at the Collegio Carlo Alberto (Italy). Her reASSISTANT search interests concern human rights and the economic effects of migration control and management, with a focus on Europe. She has worked at various NGOs and consultancies on development and migration issues in Italy and Spain, developing a practical knowledge of migration regulation and integration, European project administration and statistical data management. She joined the GGP as a project assistant for GlobalStat in December 2011.

ACADEMIC STAFF

Caterina Francesca Guidi holds a MSc degree in Development Economics from the University of Florence, a BSc degree in Law and Economics from the University ACADEMIC of Bologna and is currently enrolled as PhD Researcher ASSISTANT in the International Doctoral Programme of Economics at S.S. Santa Chiara – University of Siena. Prior to joining the GGP in February 2013, she worked for the Migration Policy Centre at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies as an external collaborator and in the European Commission at DG SANCO as a blue-book stagiaire. She has also worked in several international organisations and NGOs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Italy and Serbia on development and human rights, dealing mainly with health and migration issues.

ACADEMIC STAFF

Debora Valentina Malito holds a PhD in Political Studies (2013) from the Graduate School in Political and Social Science and a MSc. in International Relations (2007), ACADEMIC both from the University of Milan. Her doctoral dissertaASSISTANT tion analyses the impact of regional and global intervention on the persistence of State disintegration in Somalia.

Between 2008 and 2010 she was Research Assistant in Political Economy and Economic theories of globalization at the Faculty of Economics, University of Brescia. She joined the GGP as Research Assistant for the Global Governance by Indicators Research Project in February 2013.

ACADEMIC STAFF

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Luca Mancini holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Warwick, with a thesis on higher education and the labour market for university graduates. Between 2004 ACADEMIC and 2007 he was research officer in applied econometrics ASSISTANT at the Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity (CRISE), Department of International Development, University of Oxford and continued to collaborate with CRISE on inequality-related research until 2009. In 2010 he joined the EUI as research assistant to the 2010 European Report on Development dealing with issues of poverty, inequality and social protection, with a focus on SubSaharan Africa. Later he joined the Italian National Statistical Institute where he has been working since in the capacity of researcher on methodological issues relating to the engineering and quality assessment of population censuses.

ACADEMIC STAFF

Luca Rubini is reader (associate professor) in international economic law and deputy director of the Institute of European Law at Birmingham Law School. He served ACADEMIC as référendaire (law clerk) with Advocate General Jacobs at ASSISTANT the European Court of Justice. Luca has held visiting positions at the European University Institute, the Institute of International Economic Law (Georgetown), the World Trade Institute (University of Berne) and Bocconi University. He is a fellow of the Centre of European Law, King’s College London, and visiting professor at ASERI (Catholic University, Milan). Dr Rubini has law degrees from the Catholic University, Milan (JD) and King’s College London (MA, PhD).

ACADEMIC STAFF

Katerina Wright holds a bachelor’s degree in International Relations (2011) from Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Between 2011 and 2013, ACADEMIC she worked for Avascent, an international research and ASSISTANT consulting firm based in Washington, DC, where she executed analyses on American, European, and other global defence and public sector markets. As a consultant, she helped launch Avascent’s European office in Paris from 2013-2014, where she specialized in the fields of European, NATO, and national level defence. Her research interests include EU foreign policy, the EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), and transatlantic relations. She joined the Global Governance Programme research area Europe in the World in May 2014.

ACADEMIC STAFF

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A VIBRANT RESEARCH COMMUNITY

Distinguished scholars and promising young academics are a vital source of stimulus for the advancement of research at the Global Governance Programme and of inspiration for the debate on global governance issues that are topical, beyond academia and European boundaries.

Daniel Innerarity (University of the Basque Country and Instituto de Gobernanza Democrática) for democracy, Keith Maskus (University of Colorado) and Donald Regan (University of Michigan), for global economics, Will Kymlicka and Keith Banting (Queen’s University, Ontario), Tariq Modood (University of Bristol) and Bhikhu Parekh (University of Westminster), for democracy and diversity, are just some of the distinguished scholars who have enriched the lively research community of the Global Governance Programme over the past years with their ideas, insights and scholarship.

“The GGP is a ‘Great, Generous and Personal’ experience. It offers a unique academic environment in which to challenge and debate scholarly ideas with the views of policy-makers.

The richness of interdisciplinary and intellectually stimulating events results in creativity of research and thinking on global issues. And you smile while remembering the beautiful Florentine Our research community is the vital capital of the Glob- landscape and all the friends you met al Governance Programme, for the Robert Schuman there.”

Centre for Advanced Studies, and for the EUI. For this reason the relationship with our scholars and fellows Patrycja Dąbrowska-Kłosińska, remains vivid and vibrant over time, with strong ties to Centre for Europe, University of Warsaw research development through projects and continuous collaboration.

“My fellowship at the GGP was an extremely valuable personal and academic experience: a great opportunity to conduct research in an outstanding academic environment, to meet and interact with key policy-makers and academics working on cutting-edge global policy-issues.”

Pablo Iglesias-Rodríguez, VU Amsterdam

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JEAN MONNET FELLOWS

KRISTINA CZURA

Kristina Czura is a Jean Monnet Fellow in the Global Economics research area of the Global Governance Programme.

As a development economist she applies microeconomic methods – especially programme evaluation techniques in randomised control trials and natural experiments – and experimental economic techniques in laboratory experiments in the field, on the nexus of financial product design in microfinance, vulnerability and risk coping, and client welfare. She is especially interested in how households use microfinance products to cope with adverse income shocks and in how such products should be designed to meet microfinance client needs.

Dr Czura completed her PhD from the Goethe University Frankfurt in 2012 after earning a Master’s degree in Economics from the University of Muenster and Stockholm University. During her PhD, she empirically analysed (a) high repayment rates and extensive levels of peer punishmen t in group lending schemes observed in reality using a lab-in-the-field experiment, (b) the influence of aggregate shocks and natural disasters on credit demand in local financial intermediation using observational data and a natural disaster as a natural experiment, and (c) repayment flexibility to improve the impact of microcredit on borrower welfare using a randomised control trial. The regional focus of her PhD thesis was South Asia where she conducted field research in India and Sri Lanka.

Before joining the EUI, she worked at the CERDI development research centre in Clermont Ferrand as a post-doctoral researcher on index-based microinsurance products against climatic shocks for poor households in Senegal.

The research comprised a household survey on household

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risk profiles and lab-in-the-field experiments studying agricultural investment decisions and willingness to pay for flexible and non-flexible index insurance products.

Research project: Microfinance Products and Clients’ Preferences During her Jean Monnet Fellowship Dr Czura studies preferences of actual and potential clients of an aquaculture microinsurance scheme in southern Vietnam. The study comprises analyses of risk and time preferences of shrimp farmers and their preferences regarding specific attributes of a microinsurance scheme. This information will be elicited in household surveys, individual experiments regarding time and risk preferences, and discrete choice experiments (DCEs) regarding particular preferences. DCEs are a quantitative technique used to elicit individual preferences between products characterized by several attributes. Since this method involves asking individuals to state their preferences over hypothetical different specification of the various attributes characterizing the product, the answers can be used to infer the significance of the separate attributes in individual preferences and the rate at which individuals are willing to trade between them. Based on this information, and on an existing microinsurance scheme, variations of the microinsurance scheme are to be developed. The lab-inthe-field experiments test how clients change their investment behaviour with respect to different microinsurance schemes, how much they value particular attributes of the insurance scheme, and how behavioural changes and willingness to pay are related to individual risk and time preferences.

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JAN DOBBERNACK

Jan Dobbernack is a Jean Monnet Fellow in the Cultural Pluralism research area of the Global Governance Programme. He is also a Lecturer in Politics (on sabbatical) at the School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lincoln, and a research fellow at the Ethnicity Research Centre, University of Bristol. He holds a PhD from the Department of International Politics, Aberystwyth University (2012). His fields of research are political contestations about post-immigrant populations in Western Europe and the circulation of ideas and concepts in this area.

The focus on the circumstances of public policy-making entails an interest in the imaginaries that structure the conception of social spaces and the perception of social problems. The approach aligns itself with what Donald Schön has described as ‘a kind of policy-analytic literary criticism’, which attempts to understand the place of images, narratives and metaphors in the making of politics.

Jan Dobbernack’s doctoral research examined the development of social cohesion agendas in cases of community cohesion in the United Kingdom, Bürgergesellschaft in Germany and cohésion sociale in France. This research established differences between country-specific conceptions of cohesion and examined the shared regulatory framework of cohesion agendas, which tend to selectively target ethnic minority groups, welfare recipients or the unemployed. The work is forthcoming as a monograph with Palgrave Macmillan (The Politics of Cohesion in Germany, France and the United Kingdom). Recent publications include Tolerance, Intolerance and Respect. Hard to Accept? (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, co-edited with Tariq Modood) and Misrecognition and Political Agency. The Case of Muslim Organisations at a General Election (2014, British Journal for Politics and International Relations, with Nasar Meer and Tariq Modood).

lationship between, on the one hand, the assertion of liberal principles by political actors and, on the other, public policy initiatives that respond to challenges associated with the Muslim presence in Europe. The research focuses on the political rhetoric of ‘muscular liberalism’, which it defines as the public request for liberalism to become more ‘gutsy’, demanding and hands-on. Its key concern is to explore the significance of this rhetoric for policies that seek to integrate Muslim populations.

The project explores different domains – cultural, civic and socio-economic – in which Muslims have become an object of concern for their alleged lack of compliance with liberal norms. The project selectively works through significant speeches, events and public policy initiatives, including debates about ‘Sharia Courts’ in the UK and the regulation of male circumcision in Germany, and inquires when ‘muscular liberalism’ becomes politically effective and in what form. It also asks what significance, if any, muscular rhetoric has in situations where there is no corresponding programme of political change. It thus contributes to a wider interest in how significant differences are construed in changing accounts of European and national identities.

HIROYUKI ISHIMATSU

Hiroyuki Ishimatsu is a Canon Foundation fellow in the Cultural Pluralism research area of the Global Governance Programme. His major study discipline is political theory. Dr Ishimatsu was awarded an MA from the University of Manchester in Economy and Social Studies in 1998. After study at the University of Copenhagen and the University of Vilnius, he completed his doctoral study and received a PhD from the University of Newcastle in 2006 with a thesis on “A Dialogue with Adam Smith: Sympathy as a foundation of Multicultural ‘society’”. His Research project: Muscular liberalisms. On the rheto- fundamental research interest focuses on the possibility ric and practice of Muslim incorporation in Europe of solidarity and sense of belonging in culturally diverse Dr Dobbernack’s research project investigates the re- societies. After having received his PhD, Dr Ishimatsu

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taught social science and political theory subjects at the University of Fukuoka and Fukuoka University of Education and worked for the Embassy of Japan in the Baltic States as a researcher/advisor on Politics and Economy, where he also wrote reports on regional issues including energy, defence and international relations.

Research project: Sympathy and Immigrations in Europe Dr Ishimatsu’s research examines the concept of “sympathy”, a concept that he relates to the notion of “empathy”, a form of sharing with others, as a basis for cohesion in multicultural societies.

His work focuses on societies that comprise a relatively high ratio of migrant populations – such as the UK, Denmark and the Netherlands – with a view to combating the marginalisation of immigrants and favouring their integration into society. After analysing core elements and conditions of sympathy in the light of different understandings of this concept, Dr Ishimatsu aims to investigate the extent to which sympathy can become a useful concept in understanding and resolving issues and problems of culturally diverse societies. From a theoretical point of view his research looks at how sympathy relates to notions such as tolerance, acceptance, respect, recognition or indeed intolerance, rejection, and marginalisation. His research also studies the relationship between sympathy and national identity. From an empirical perspective, Dr Ishimatsu plans to conduct qualitative interviews with policy officers at national and local level, to collect their views on what could form a normative basis for the successful integration of immigrants.

OLAYINKA I. KAREEM

Olayinka I. Kareem is a Jean Monnet Fellow in the Global Economics research area of the Global Governance Programme. Dr Kareem is an economist specialising in trade, trade policies, and development and has

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written extensively in these areas of economics. Specifically, he has published books and chapters in books such as “Trade Restrictions and Market Access for Africa’s Exports”, articles such as “The Effects of the EU and China’s Trade Agreements on Africa’s Exports”. Prior to joining the GGP, he was a Global South Scholar at the Graduate Institute in Geneva, a senior research fellow at the Centre for Public-Private Cooperation (CPPC), an associate member of the UNCTAD Virtual Institute and a member of the International Economic Relations Network (IERN), University of Barcelona. He was a fellow of the Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies (CSAE), Department of Economics, University of Oxford and Senior Member of St. Anthony’s College, University of Oxford. Dr Kareem was formerly an Impact Evaluation Consultant at the World Bank, Nigeria Country Office, on the Commercial Agriculture Development Project (CADP), and has also consulted for the UNCTAD Virtual Institute in the Trade and Poverty Project, the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) in the Analyses of Contemporary Protectionism Project, as well as having research collaboration with the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Dr Kareem received his PhD in Economics from the University of Ibadan; the title of his thesis was “The Effects of Market Access Conditions on Africa’s Exports”. He has held teaching positions in Nigeria.

Research project: The European Union (EU) Technical Barriers to Trade and Africa’s Exports: Evidence from Product Standards Available evidence has shown that tariffs, as obstacles to the flow of trade, are collapsing and that the major challenges to global trade flows are Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs), of which product standards are important. To this end, the research project of Dr Kareem investigates the intensive and extensive impact on trade margins of applied standards on products relevant to Africa, such as cocoa, coffee, horticulture and fish. The research project builds on the findings of Dr Kareem’s PhD thesis, according to which despite tariffs not being major hindrances to African exports to the EU and US markets, the magnitude of the effects of non-tariff barriers is high.

In line with these findings, Dr Kareem continued his research at the Graduate Institute of Geneva, to determine the impact of non-tariff barriers on exports to the EU and US markets. The outcome of this research was that anti-dumping and countervailing measures have marginal effects on exports; therefore it is more an empirical matter whether NTBs significantly impact on exports from Africa to the EU market. In his current research

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project Dr Kareem further investigates the issue using for ignoring the environmental impact of consumption all applicable standards to selected products, in order to and other factors. Therefore, many studies argue that a simulate inferences for market access. consumption-based mechanism should be applied, under which the emissions inventory for a country should be accounted according to its consumption instead of its production. However, under consumption-based mechanisms, CO2-producing countries – while gaining economic benefit from exports – are not held responsible for their emissions and are not encouraged to adopt cleaner production technologies. Producing and consuming countries should instead share the responsibility for emissions embodied in their trade. The purpose of LEI this research project is to find a sharing mechanism acLIU ceptable to a large number of countries so that a robust climate agreement can be achieved. The method is based on a series of principles covering several considerations, including international relationships and multi-layer and multi-angle economic and climate equity. In addiLei Liu is a Jean-Monnet fellow at the Global Govern- tion, based on the theoretical method, empirical analysis ance Programme. He holds a PhD from Peking Universi- is applied. ty (2011) and a Bachelor’ degree from Wuhan University (2005), both in Environmental Science. He was a visiting scholar of the Vincent and Elinor Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis at Indiana University (Sep. 2009- Sep. 2010), under the mentorship of Dr. Elinor Ostrom, 2009 Nobel laureate in Economics.

His research interests include energy and environmental policy, urban and regional sustainability, as well as environmental input-output analysis. His past research MARY ANNE experience include policy design for local environmenMADEIRA tal governance in Shenzhen and Yunnan, investigation of CO2 emissions embodied in China’s industrial sectors and foreign trade, low-carbon transition of China and the global climate governance strategy. Dr. Liu has also worked for Shenzhen municipal environmental agency.

His current work deals with the allocation of embodied Mary Anne Madeira is a Jean Monnet Fellow in the emissions in international trade, against a backdrop of Global Economics research area of the Global Governthe controversy over the production or consumption- ance Programme. She was hired in December 2013 for a based emissions inventory in the current climate regime. tenure-track assistant professor position in the Department of Political Science at the City University of New Research project: Production-Based or Consumption- York – Queens College. She begins this appointment in Based: The Allocation of CO2 Emissions Embodied in August 2014.

Dr Madeira received her PhD in political science from International Trade Under the current territorial system boundary used by the University of Washington in 2013. She holds an MSc the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention with Distinction in International and European Politics for Climate Change), national CO2 emissions are defined from the University of Edinburgh, and an undergraduate on the basis of production. With an ever-growing geo- degree from Johns Hopkins University. She presents her graphical distance in global trade between production research regularly at international conferences, includand consumption, this mechanism has been criticised ing the annual conferences of the International Studies for not taking into consideration international transpor- Association and the American Political Science Associatation, as well as potentially causing carbon leakage, and tion. Dr Madeira is the co-author, with James Caporaso,

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of Globalization, Institutions and Governance (2011, SAGE). She has published on global economic integration as well as regional integration and in 2012 was awarded the Linden A. Mander Prize for the Best Paper in International Relations (The New Politics of the New Trade: the Political Economy of Intra-Industry Trade in Developed Economies) by the University of Washington.

Dr Madeira serves as a reviewer for a leading comparative politics journal.

Dr Madeira’s research focuses on the domestic political and societal effects of global economic integration.

Trade and FDI create both winners and losers, and she is interested in when and how societal actors affected by globalised production processes will mobilize for or against liberalisation, how successful they are politically, and whether and how policymakers can compensate the losers in order to pursue a path of continued openness.

SABRINA MARCHETTI

Sabrina Marchetti is a Jean Monnet Fellow in the Cultural Pluralism research area of the Global Governance Programme. From 2011 to 2013 she was Marie Curie fellow at the EUI. She mainly works on issues of gender and migration, with specific focus on migrant domestic work. From a comparative perspective, she has studied the case of Filipino, Eritrean and Afro-Surinamese women working in Italy and the Netherlands. Her current research project focuses instead on the case of Georgian, Ukrainian and Polish migrant women. She is also interested in issues of racism, citizenship, postcolonialism, identity and intersectionality.

She has collaborated with several research institutes such as the International Institute for Environment and Development (UK), the International Centre for Development and Decent Work (Germany), the IZA Institute for the Study of Labour (Germany), the Institute for the Study of European Transformations (UK), and the Istituto Superiore Formazione e Lavoro (Italy).

In 2010, she defended her PhD in Gender & Ethnicity at the Institute for History and Culture of the University of Utrecht. Afterwards, she was visiting fellow at the GEXcel programme of the University of Linköping (2010) and at the Sociology Department of the University of Southern California (2012).

Finally, she is an active member of several feminist and anti-racist grass-roots organisations and research groups such as Storie in Movimento, the Research Network for Domestic Worker Rights, and the Buying and Selling Gender Equality network.

Research project: Intra-Industry Trade, Political Institutions, and Levels of Protection in OECD Countries In her PhD thesis “The New Politics of the New Trade: the Political Economy of Intra-Industry Trade”, Dr Madeira developed and tested a model of the effects of intra-industry trade on the structure of lobbying coalitions in developed economies. She argued that intraindustry trade undermines both class-based and industry-based trade coalitions, as the gains and losses from this type of trade are located at the firm level, rather than the industry level. Exporting firms gain from trade liberalization while non-exporting firms lose. The result of such competing preferences is more active lobbying by individual firms, rather than by trade associations.

Dr Madeira found supportive evidence for this thesis in the US case as well as cross-nationally. Building on this research she is working on a case study of trade policy lobbying in the European Union. Through interviews with firms and trade associations, as well as through examination of coalitional patterns and lobbying data, Dr Madeira investigates how an industry’s trade structure affects the ability of its firms to form cohesive trade policy preferences and political coalitions. The aim of her research project at the Global Governance Programme is to analyse when and why individual firms lobby alone Research project: Multilayerd governance of East-West for their preferred trade policies versus forming politi- European migration: the case of eastern European carecal coalitions. workers in Italy This research project of Dr Marchetti consists in an analysis of how intertwining strategies of individual/collective and public/private actors have created a specific ‘space’ for EastWest relationships in Europe.

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THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME

The project focuses on the case of Polish, Ukrainian and Georgian women who in recent years have arrived in Italy to find employment in the home-care sector. Italian households and social services that have employed, trained and counselled these women are examined.

Based on in-depth interviews with Eastern European home-care workers and Italian employers, with key informants from the social and municipal services, and on participant observation in women’s gatherings, the project aims to address, among others, the following interrelated questions:

and comparative political economy framework, her doctoral thesis examined the institutional conditions that facilitate or hinder improvements in working conditions in the electronics industry through complementary interactions across national public and transnational private governance approaches. This work was based on more than four years of field research in Eastern Central Europe where she conducted extensive interviews and visited several electronics manufacturing plants that supply lead corporations from more advanced economies. Prior to receiving her PhD from MIT in 2013, she earned a ■■ How have Eastern migrant workers’ migratory strate- Master’s degree in Applied Sociology from the Univergies impacted the local reality they inhabit in Western sity of Massachusetts and a Bachelor’s degree in Business Europe, as result of their economic, cultural and social Economics from the West University of Timisoara. participation in it? How has this changed over time, comparing workers of different nationalities?

Research project: Environmental Governance of ■■ How do different public/private actors re-negotiate, Global Supply Chains: Understanding Regulatory over time, their competences in order to respond to Complementarities changes taking place, in their local reality, with regard During her Jean Monnet fellowship Dr Pal analyses the to the governance of labour, welfare and diversity, due implementation of corporate environmental governance to the arrival of different groups of eastern European efforts in the electronics industry, and the complementary workers? interactions of governance of global production chains ■■ How do Western families respond, over time, to the chal- with public regulation in different national settings. lenges posed by the increase in diversity and ethnic based One important aspect of the manifest inadequacy of segmentation of the labour market, in their local context, global environmental governance efforts to curb climate in their role of employers of Eastern Europeans of differ- change lies in weak environmental regulation in emergent nationalities? ing markets, where an increasing share of manufacturing takes place. Governments of less advanced economies often lack the capacity and/or will to regulate effectively the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and other pollutants. An important measure in addressing this governance gap consists in private transnational governance efforts by lead corporations to promote environmental responsibility throughout their supply chains.

These initiatives, however, are implemented in different national settings and can interact in a multitude of ways TIMEA with other forms of regulation.

PAL Dr Pal uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods and analysis to improve understanding of the conditions that enable complementary interactions across private and public governance approaches in global production chains. The quantitative Timea Pal is a Jean Monnet Fellow at the Global Gov- analysis draws on a unique dataset compiled through a ernance Programme. She is also part of the Climate collaborative research initiative between a lead corporaPolicy Research Unit (CPRU), a research group within tion in the electronics industry (Hewlett Packard) and the European University Institute (EUI) Robert Schu- the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, led by Proman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS), under the fessor Richard Locke. This is complemented with extenLoyola de Palacio Chair. Dr Pal is a political economist sive case study analysis of environmental practices and working on the governance of global production chains compliance performance of electronics manufacturing and on the implications for sustainable economic devel- facilities located in Eastern European countries – paropment in emerging economies. Using an international ticularly in Hungary, Romania and the Czech Republic.

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Special attention is also given to the role of the regu- Research project: The Interface between Private Regulatory framework of the European Union pertaining to lation and Ex Ante Policy Appraisal environmental practices in the electronics industry.

Dr Renda’s research at the Global Governance Programme lies at the interface between political science, law and economics. He analyses the governance and effectiveness of a wide range of private regulatory schemes, including schemes active in food safety, sustainability reporting, accounting, advertising, Internet governance and many more. The aim is to develop a taxonomy of these schemes, as well as a methodological framework for analysing the conditions under which these schemes are likely to be aligned with the public ANDREA interest. Once identified, these conditions will be transRENDA lated into a set of coherent criteria offered to policymakers and other stakeholders: these criteria should enable better decision-making by public policymakers as well as better organisational and governance decisions by private regulators. They will also apply to neighbouring Andrea Renda is a Jean Monnet Fellow at the Glob- areas of research, from “shared value” analysis promoted al Governance Programme. From September 2012 he by Professor Michael Porter (Harvard Business School) was Part-Time Professor at the European University to corporate social responsibility schemes, as well as to Institute, having being awarded the “Morris Tabaksb- analysis of the role that the private sector could play in lat Visiting Chair on Private Actors and Globalization” future global governance. The research findings will be for one year. He is also a Senior research Fellow at the made available in the form of a series of publications and Centre for European Policy Studies in Brussels, and the working papers, an online evaluation tool, as well as an Director of the Global Outlook programme for inter- impact assessment module to be attached to the current national economics at the Istituto Affari Internazionali European Commission Impact Assessment Guidelines, (Italy). Andrea Renda is also Senior Lecturer in Law specifically for analysing self- and co-regulatory options and Economics at Luiss Guido Carli University (Italy).

He lectures at universities such as the Erasmus University of Rotterdam, the College of Europe (Belgium), MGIMO in Moscow and Fudan University (China).

A member of the Editorial Board of the international peer-reviewed journals “Telecommunication Policy” (Elsevier) and the European Journal of Risk Regulation (Lexxion), Dr Renda sits on the Scientific Boards of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS) FRANCISCO and EuroCPR. He provides academic advice to several JORGE institutions, including the European Commission, the RODRÍGUEZ European Parliament, the OECD, and the World Bank.

GONZÁLVEZ Dr Renda holds a PhD in Law and Economics awarded by the Erasmus University of Rotterdam and is a European Master of Law and Economics (LLM, with distinction, University of Hamburg, 1996). He earned a Francisco Jorge Rodríguez Gonzálvez is a Jean MonBA in Economics magna cum laude from LUISS Guido net Fellow in the European, Transnational and Global Carli University ( Italy) in 1995. His research interests Governance research area of the Global Governance include law and economics, public and private regula- Programme. tion, regulatory impact analysis, transnational private Dr Rodríguez holds an MA in European Political and regulation, antitrust and competition policy, and infor- Administrative Studies from the College of Europe (Belmation society policies, with emphasis on telecommu- gium), with a thesis on historical images between Islam nications and media policy. and Europe as a basis for a potential Mediterranean con-

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THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME

flict. His MA (DEA) dissertation in History at UNED (Spain) focused on an experimental solution to the problem of poverty based on agriculture (18th century.).

He received a PhD in law from the University of Murcia with a case-study on the evolution of water institutions as economic and social foundations (13-20th century).

Dr Rodríguez has worked as policy officer in the field of refugees and homelessness in a number of European organisations. He taught at the University of Murcia and managed an externally financed research project on the development of traditional water rights and their interactions with the concept of sustainability. Among his publications his books include Las reglas del agua (IEA 2007), and Seda y lógica comunitaria (Editum 2011).

The latter is a study of certain aspects of the ambiguous role played by the guilds in the path towards industrialisation, which shows how leading traditional corporatist associations could participate in capitalist structures and were able to adjust to a changing environment.

Research project: The roots of the European model: the evolving relationship between social cohesion, democracy and poverty Does the so-called European model exist? The concept is still vague, and the values traditionally associated with it are being questioned in the middle of the worst economic crisis since 1929.

The recurrent debate about the organisation of political and socio-economic structures has been historically polarised between a liberal or market model, and a social cohesion model. The former emphasises the individual as the basis of the system and insists on a reduced role of the State in favour of the private enterprise. The latter is related to the existence of a number of organisations representing different interests, which are supported or created by the State and directly linked to the democratic functioning of so-called developed capitalism.

The particular development of democratic structures in Europe and its socio-economic evolution have created a strong link between the existence and protection of a series of rights and the robustness of the democratic system. In order to clarify the potential European model, Dr Rodríguez’s research project aims at conducting a comparative assessment of the liberal and the social cohesion models with a critical analysis and a synthetic approach. In particular Dr Rodríguez investigates whether and how the instrumental and recurrent use of ideology throughout history has produced an obfuscation of the options offered by the opposing models.

The research project furthermore analyses political and

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social responses to the poor and excluded, which in turn provide the tools to assess and define the socioeconomic structure of a society.

VANESSA VALERO

Vanessa Valero is a Jean Monnet Fellow on the Global Governance Programme. Dr Valero is also part of the Climate Policy Research Unit (CPRU), a research group within the European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, under the Loyola de Palacio Chair. She received her PhD in Economics from the University of Montpellier I (France) in 2011 for her thesis entitled “Incentives and Commitment in Public-Private Partnerships”. The thesis addressed theoretical and empirical questions as to the role of private sector involvement in provision of public goods or services. Dr Valero was a Lecturer at the Toulouse School of Economics for two years. She taught Microeconomics both at the undergraduate and graduate level and Applied Econometrics at the undergraduate level.

Dr Valero is an applied theorist with applied econometrics experience. During her PhD, her main research interests included regulation, procurement and contract theory. Lately, her research focuses on energy and environmental economics. More particularly, she aims to provide better insights on intertemporal trading in the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme which is theoretically and empirically essential, but also necessary for policy recommendations. Dr Valero’s research has been presented at international conferences and published in international peer-review journals.

Research project: Intertemporal Trading and Discount Rates in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme This research project is carried out in collaboration with Dr. Aleksandar Zaklan (EUI) and Professor Juan-Pablo Montero (Pontifical Catholic University of Chile). It aims to contribute to a better understanding of inter-

RESEARCH TURNED INTO ACTION

temporal allowances trading under the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) by presenting a new theoretical and empirical investigation of so-called banking of emission permits. The EU ETS is the biggest international cap and trade system launched. Within the defined cap, firms receive allowances for emissions that can be traded. If trading among firms in the same period has been largely studied, trading through time has received less attention. However, experience with the EU ETS reveals that about 1.5 billion of European Union allowances were potentially banked in 2012. An important feature of banking decisions by firms is their discount rate. Previous literature characterised banking by firms as if a single agent was making the decision. Their potential heterogeneity in appreciation of future events has been largely ignored. This project would be one of the first attempts to analyse the effect of heterogeneity in discount rates on banking decisions by firms in a climate change programme. First, a model of allowance banking will be developed. Then, it will be tested using a database containing compliance and transaction data in the entire EU ETS, for Phases I and II (2005 – 2012). Data come from the EU Commission Community Independent Transactions Log (CITL), recently called EUTL. Finally, the policy implications of intertemporal allowances trading in the EU ETS will be discussed.

ALEKSANDAR ZAKLAN

Aleksandar Zaklan is a Jean Monnet Fellow at the Global Governance Programme since September 2012. Dr Zaklan is also part of the Climate Policy Research Unit (CPRU), a research group within the European University Institute (EUI) Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS) under the Loyola de Palacio Chair. He holds a PhD in economics from TU Berlin. His PhD thesis is entitled “Econometric Analyses of Carbon Resource Markets” and addresses empirical questions regarding the major fossil-fuel markets, as well as the Eu-

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ropean market for carbon-dioxide emission permits, the EU Emission Trading System (EU ETS). Previously, he studied economics and international relations and holds degrees from Trinity College Dublin, Johns Hopkins University and Georgetown University. He has gained teaching experience in introductory microeconomics and macroeconomics at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Additionally, Dr Zaklan has gained practical working experience in a variety of non-university organisations, such as the European and Research Departments of the International Monetary Fund, as well as in the Development Research Group at the World Bank.

Dr Zaklan’s research has been presented at international conferences and he has been published in peer-reviewed literature. His research interests are in resource and climate economics, international economics, and applied econometrics.

Research project: Firm Behaviour under the Climate Constraint: Evidence from the EU’s Emissions Trading System During the first year of his Jean Monnet Fellowship, Dr Zaklan focused on understanding the determinants of spatial trading in the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) at the firm level, as well as on making data generated by the EU ETS suitable for empirical analysis. In 2013-2014 he further develops and implementing an ambitious research agenda to analyse firm behaviour under climate constraints, as well as continuing his research evaluating the spatial allowance trade – at the firm level – by using microeconometric methods. Dr Zaklan also works on a major new research project aimed at contributing to our understanding of the determinants of inter-temporal allowance trading in the EU ETS, i.e. the so-called banking of emission permits. The project aims to develop a theory of permit banking under more general conditions than currently available in the literature, while particularly focusing on the effect of firm heterogeneity in terms of discounting the future on banking behaviour. Testable hypotheses derived from the analysis will be evaluated by applying suitable microeconometric techniques to firm-level data. The ultimate goal of research during the second year of the Fellowship is to further contribute to peer-reviewed literature, while also helping to inform the debate on EU and global climate policy.

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MARIE CURIE FELLOW

IRINA ISAAKYAN

Irina Isaakyan is a Marie Curie Research Fellow at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies of the European University Institute. She holds an MA from the University of Minnesota and a PhD from the University of Edinburgh. After completing her PhD, she received a ESRC Post-Doctoral Fellowship (2008-2009) to examine European integration and new researchers’ mobility in Scotland. In 2010, she researched the issues of integration and civic engagement of US-national academics in the UK. Before joining the EUI she was reader at the Ryazan State Radio-Engineering University in Russia (2011-2012) and Research Fellow at the University of Edinburgh (2008-2010).

Dr Isaakyan’s research interests are at the crossroads of Sociology of Nationalism and Integration Studies, with attention to such intersecting themes as high-skill migration, family dynamics, integration and identity.

She maintains a long-standing interest in the work of national memory and its implications for integration policy. Together with Professor Anna Triandafyllidou, she is exploring the intra-OECD mobility of high-skill female migrants and their socio-economic integration.

Her research aims to find answers to the following questions: to what extent integration of female migrants may depend on nationality, and how this knowledge may challenge our habitual understanding of the high-skill migrant.

She is also working with Dr Agnieszka Weinar on themes of integration discourse and practice in post-Soviet States, looking specifically at integration and migratory space of post-Soviet transitional societies as well as at the relationship between the migrant and wider society.

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Research project: FEMIDE/Female Migration from Developed Countries in Southern Europe Dr Isaakyan’s research project investigates the socioeconomic integration of high-skilled migrant women from Anglophone countries in Italy and Greece, aiming to address, among others, the following key questions and their policy implications: who are these high-skill migrant women? What are the obstacles they face to their integration in the labour market and the host society? FEMIDE considers to what extent the reality of their integration differs from existing discourses of integration in the EU. The electronic survey, which is an important element of this project, can be accessed online.

The findings show that the majority of high-skill migrant women settle in Southern Europe as “marriage migrants” (married to Italian and Greek men). The cross-border marriage often creates a breeding ground for sharpened nationalistic sentiments within the host community, negatively affecting the integration process.

The most successfully integrated women are those who manage to have their professionalism acknowledged and who make best use of the social capital/net of their husbands and/or of their communities (rather than of the resources offered by expatriates’ clubs). The findings suggest that it is crucial for receiving countries to adopt more flexible integration policies which should take into account gender and family issues to draw on migrant human capital.

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RESEARCH FELLOWS

ARIS GEORGOPOULOS

Aris Georgopoulos is Research Fellow in the Global Economics research area of the Global Governance Programme. Dr Georgopoulos is Lecturer in European and Public Law at the School of Law of the University of Nottingham and Head of the Research Unit for Strategic and Defence Procurement of the Public Procurement Research Group. He has been also a Grotius Fellow at the Law School of the University of Michigan.

He has acted as expert advisor to national authorities, to international organisations and institutions (such as the OECD, the World Bank, the European Central Bank, The European Court of Auditors and USAID) in the area of public procurement regulatory reform. His research interests lie in the area of EU Law, public procurement law and policy and public law. He has taught at Universities in the United States, China, Turkey, Malaysia and Colombia. He is a member of the editorial board of the Public Procurement Law Review. After reading law at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and the Catholic University of Leuven (ERASMUS) in Belgium, he read for a PhD at University of Nottingham Law School on the basis of an award of a doctoral scholarship by the same academic institution.

His PhD thesis on aspects of European integration received a special distinction from the European Group of Public Law.

renegotiation of the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO), ongoing EU regulatory initiatives in the area and an increasing number of bilateral Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) that include chapters on public procurement. In particular the project aims to examine whether the new GPA is appropriately equipped to achieve the ambitions of its drafters, namely the emergence of the latter not only as a forum for regulation of a lucrative field of international trade but also as an agent for transparency, good governance and multilateralism. In addition, the project examines to what extent the GPA can become a vehicle for integrating developing countries in what used to be a “developed countries club”. Finally the project also analyses whether the increasing trend of bilateral FTAs that contain detailed provisions on public procurement support or ultimately undermine the multilateral/plurilateral approach in the field of international public procurement regulation.

Research project: International Trade and Public Procurement Regulation Dr Georgopoulos’s research project examines trends in international trade in the field of government/ public procurement as they emerge from the recent successful

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RUBY GROPAS

Ruby Gropas is Research Fellow in the Cultural Pluralism research area of the Global Governance Programme.

She is Visiting Professor at the College of Europe (Bruges) and holds a Lectureship in International Relations at the Law Faculty of the Democritus University of Thrace (currently on leave of absence). She has worked at the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP); for McKinsey & Co. in Zurich and Athens; and was Managing Editor of the Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies (2005-2009). Dr Gropas has taught at the University of Athens and at College Year in Athens.

She was Southeast Europe Policy Scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington DC in 2007 and again in 2009, then Visiting Fellow with the Center for Democracy Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) at Stanford University (2010-2011). Ruby Gropas has worked on European integration and for-

eign policy, human rights, migration and multiculturalism and is currently working on European emigration in times of crisis and transnational migration patterns. She studied Political Science at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, Business Management at the University of Maryland then pursued her graduate studies in European Studies at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. She holds a PhD from Cambridge University. Recent publications include ‘European Migration: A Sourcebook’ (co-edited with A. Triandafyllidou; Ashgate 2014) and ‘The Greek Crisis and European Modernity’ (co-edited with A. Triandafyllidou and H. Kouki, Palgrave 2013/ Ekdoseis Kritiki 2013).

Research project: ITHACA (Integration, Transnational Mobility and Human, Social and Economic Capital Transfers) Dr Gropas is a member of the team that is coordinating ITHACA (Integration, Transnational Mobility and Human, Social and Economic Capital Transfers), a collaborative research project that studies the links between migrant integration and transnational mobility.

ITHACA studies the transnational mobility and transfers of Moroccan, Bosnian, Ukrainian, Indian and Filipino populations to Italy, Spain, Austria and the UK. The project is coordinated by Professor Anna Triandafyllidou, Director of the Cultural Pluralism Research Area of the Global Governance Programme, and includes partners from the Real Elcano Institute in Madrid, London Metropolitan University and ICMPD in Vienna. It is funded

by DG Home of the European Commission (2013-2015).

GGP Fellows and Professors 2013-2014

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RESEARCH TURNED INTO ACTION

BRIDGING RESEARCH AND POLICY TO ADDRESS WORLD CHALLENGES

In the last twenty years, a profound change has occurred in the organisation of the world economy and world politics, an epochal transition to a transnational order/disorder characterised by deep interdependence and mutual vulnerability among regions, States and societies. The intensification of linkages and connections across regions, countries and societies driven by technology, the ICT revolution, trade, international business, aid, mobility of people and ideas is transformative for society in all regions of the world.

The period of uncontested American unipolarity, defined

by U.S. economic, political, and military hegemony, is waning; the emerging multi-polarity is an increasingly pronounced feature of the international system, underlined by the transcendence of the G8 of western powers by the G20. The growing weight of emerging economies – notably China, India and Brazil – points to a relative decline in the power of the US and Europe, especially

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within the international political economy. Pressing demands exist for public goods at the regional and international level but significant barriers to their provision. In the absence of a global consensus underpinned by a world community of citizens and strong global institutions, the emerging transnational order lacks sufficient capacity to deliver.

In this context, the research conducted at the Global Governance Programme aims to identify the medium and long term challenges that the world faces and possible directions to follow in addressing them. The Global Governance Programme engages in ‘Big Arguments’ and ‘Big Issues’.

Global thinkers and leaders, academics as well as policy and decision makers constitute the pool of experts on which the Programme can draw for inspired and cuttingedge debates of relevance to the problems facing the world.

The Programme fosters dialogue between the worlds of research and policy at the highest level of quality and in a fair-minded way and seeks to contribute robust critical thinking to questions of policy and institutional design.

The policy dimension is a core feature of the Programme, which has offered an exceptional forum for prominent leaders to attain a research-led approach to issues on the policy agenda. This was the case, for example, concerning governance of the monetary union during the euro crisis and discussions within the EU on the raison d’être of the single currency; the Global Governance Programme hosted high level discussions with central players such as José Manuel Durão Barroso (President of the European Commission) and Vitor Constâncio (Vice-President of the European Central Bank). More recently, a group of prominent experts, including Ben Emmerson (UN Special Rapporteur on Counter-terrorism and Human Rights), Gilles de Kerchove (EU Counterterrorism Coordinator), Christof Heyns (UN Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions) discussed with academics affiliated to and convened by the Global Governance Programme the direction and development

THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME

of EU policy in response to the controversial practice of targeted killing through the use of drones. The discussion anticipated an intense debate at the international level culminating in a speech by US President Barak Obama on US drone and counterterrorism policy.

The EU is drawn into a web of global governance as it attempts to influence and on the other hand is influenced by international regimes, bilateral and multilateral agreements and transnational governance. In this context, our Research Directors are called upon by a number of institutions, at the European and global level, to offer advice on issues of policy-relevance, disseminating the research

Ilze Brands Kehris, Director, OSCE High Commissioner National Minorities

needed new rules to govern international commerce, the major economies of the world are pursuing regional discriminatory deals: a Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) among Asian countries, including China; the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), which excludes China; a Trade in Services Agreement (TISA); and, of course, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). This represents a critical shift with major implications for the countries involved, for companies that operate or depend on complex international supply chains, and for those who are excluded – including the majority of developing countries. Our Research Directors

Sabino Cassese, Judge, Italian Constitutional Court

they conduct on the Global Governance Programme.

What should be brought to the attention of decision makers today, at the European and global level, to stimulate sound policy design to address, for example, the needs of native minorities and migrant populations? Our Research Director for Cultural Pluralism, Anna Triandafyllidou, together with a team of eminent experts such as Rainer Bauböck (EUI), Bruno de Witte (EUI), and Will Kymlicka (Queens University, Ontario), kicks-off an evidencebased argument and puts forward ideas on how to address some pressing issues today on “Migrants and Minorities: Towards a Common Rights Framework”, which, if disregarded, will represent a bigger challenge for tomorrow, in a White Paper produced to constitute the basis for discussion with representatives of international organisations, European institutions and think-tanks.

The recent trend towards mega-regional trade agreements is a game changer for the global trading system.

Rather than cooperate in the WTO to design urgently

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for Global Economics, Bernard M. Hoekman, and Petros C. Mavroidis, together with an international network of prominent analysts and policy research institutions, provide research-based policy advice to decisionmakers in governments and international economic organisations, identifying policy initiatives that can be taken to bolster multilateral cooperation and to reduce the potential adverse effects of regional cooperation on third parties.

The Global Governance Programme produces Policy Papers and Policy Briefs to frame key issues, present policy options and recommendations and issue a call to action for policymakers. The authors who have contributed their knowledge and expertise include Sabino Cassese (Italian Constitutional Court), Ben Emmerson (UN Special Rapporteur on Counter-terrorism and Human Rights), Charles A. Kupchan (Georgetown University) and Lawrence Lessig (Harvard University), to mention but a few.

RESEARCH TURNED INTO ACTION

ACADEMY OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE: THREE YEARS OF ACTIVITY

The Academy of Global Governance was established to offer a unique executive training model: a perfect combination of academic, research-based knowledge and evidence-based practice. The Academy has built a community drawn from all corners of the world and from a great number of sectors.

The teaching staff of the Academy includes leading academics from top universities and research centres – such as the Universities of Cambridge, Oxford, Yale, Princeton, Columbia, Harvard, New York University, the ASEAN Studies Centre, the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) – officials from national ministries, government agencies, and international organisations, such as the US State Department, the European Commission, the European External Action Service, the WTO, the OECD, the IMF, the European Court of Justice - and practitioners from the business sector.

Over only three years the Academy has more than doubled its number of applicants with a peak of over 300 between October and December 2013, and an increas-

ing number of academics, officials, diplomats, and practitioners who2010chose executive 31 training at the Academy 2011 169 of Global Governance to gain skills and knowledge to 2012 196 2013 252 advance their career and to join a wide and dynamic network of first-rate experts.

“A stimulating learning experience.

Especially the interdisciplinary discussion provided me with new substantial insights on the issue.”

“A very good overview of the topic, and a nice mix of speakers and participants, both from academia and practice.

A combination where theories and policies received a well-deserved reality check.”

Takemasa Sekine Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

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Participants per Year

Andra Elena Dusu European Commission

THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME

In 2014, the Academy expands its offer and kicks-off “tailor-made training”. These training schemes are designed to fulfil specific institutional training needs, geared towards either professional advancement of their staff or towards offering refresher courses. Building on its expertise, and taking advantage of the faculty of the European University Institute as well as of its wide and rich network of experts, the Academy can design customised training for junior, middle or senior management officials on a variety of global governance issues.

The first “tailor-made training” series are addressed to young diplomats from the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and to senior officials of the International Trade Centre (ITC).

Programmes and registration forms available at: Academy.eui.eu

Executive Participants (2011-2013) 4% 27%

25%

11% 12% 21%

European Institutions International Organisations National Governments, Government Agencies Research centres Private Sector NGOs

Executive Training Comparing Regional Integration Institutions, October 2013

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RESEARCH TURNED INTO ACTION

PROGRAMME STAFF

PROGRAMME STAFF OUTREACH COORDINATOR

ELEONORA CARCASCIO

Eleonora Carcascio graduated in political sciences and international relations and holds a Master’s Degree in Public Management from Bocconi University (Italy).

She specialises in marketing and communications, having extensive experience as communications and media officer in international organisations and NGOs. In the UN system she worked for the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). Previously, she also worked as a media-relations and event consultant in the private sector. In 2010, she joined the Global Governance Programme as Outreach Co-ordinator.

PROGRAMME STAFF

PROGRAMME STAFF

SECRETARY TO THE GGP

RESEARCH AREAS COORDINATOR

SARA BINI

Sara Bini joined the European University Institute in 2011 as an intern in the Conference Unit of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. Since September 2012 she is a member of the Global Governance Programme team as administrative assistant and is responsible for event organisation and management.

Before joining the EUI she worked for five years as a credit analyst in an international consumer bank. She studied Law at the University of Florence and University of Helsinki and wrote her thesis in International Law.

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SILVIA DELL’ACQUA Silvia Dell’Acqua holds a MSc in European Politics and Governance from the London School of Economics and graduated in International and Diplomatic Studies at the University of Trieste. She worked for more than six years in research and communications at the Lifelong Learning Programme Agency of the Italian Ministry of Education. She joined the GGP in 2011 as Coordinator of the Academy, then became Research Areas Coordinator.

She has worked in the field of international migration, as Outreach and Networking Coordinator for the CARIM Project of the RSCAS.

THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME

PROGRAMME STAFF

PROGRAMME STAFF

SECRETARY TO THE GGP

SECRETARY TO THE GGP

ANGELIKA LANFRANCHI

MIA SAUGMAN

Angelika Lanfranchi studied German Literature and Civilisation at the University of Montpellier (France) where she obtained a Master’s Degree and the CAPES. She later worked as publication officer at the EUI Academy of European Law (1988-95) before taking up a teaching position in England. She returned to the EUI in 1999 working at the Academic Service before joining the RSCAS in 2001 as assistant to the director until 2009.

Since the creation of the Global Governance Programme she works as administrative assistant. She is also responsible for publication of RSCAS Working and Policy Papers.

Mia Saugman holds a BA in Geography and Spanish as well as an MA in Intellectual History and the History of Social and Political Thought, both obtained at Sussex University (UK). Mia also studied at the Universidad de Salamanca as an Erasmus student. Before joining the Global Governance Programme in September 2012, she had worked as European customer service representative at Genesys Conferencing in the UK, followed by a year and a half as an English language instructor to the Italian armed forces, and subsequently as secretary to various professors at the EUI.

PROGRAMME STAFF

PROGRAMME STAFF

PROGRAMME MANAGER

WEBMASTER

INGO LINSENMANN

Ingo Linsenmann, MA, studied Political Sciences at the Universities of Cologne and Newcastle upon Tyne and worked for the International Young European Federalists (JEF) in Brussels and Bonn for several years. Between 1999 and 2004, he was a research fellow and Project Manager at the University of Cologne. He joined the RSCAS in the summer of 2004. Since then, he has worked as advisor for project applications to European Institutions and as Project Manager/Director for numerous projects, including the NEWGOV Project, the PIREDEU Design Study, the ERD-Project, EUDO and related projects.

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FRANCESCA SCOTTO Francesca Scotto holds a postgraduate degree in Humanities Computing with a specialization in ‘Graphics, Interactive and Virtual Environments’ from the University of Pisa. Before joining the Global Governance Programme as webmaster in May 2011, she worked for the computing unit of the University of Dresden. Between 2007 and 2009 she worked for the computer engineering department of the University of Pisa to develop an e-learning platform. She also has experience in video editing.

RESEARCH TURNED INTO ACTION

CONTACTS

EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE ROBERT SCHUMAN CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME VILLA LA FONTE VIA DELLE FONTANELLE, 18 50014 SAN DOMENICO DI FIESOLE FIRENZE (ITALY) PHONE: +39 055 4685 973 FAX: +39 055 4685 804

Published in May 2014 by the European University Institute Š European University Institute, 2014

The European Commission supports the EUI through the European Union budget. This publication reflects the views only of the author(s), and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

QM-AK-14-001-EN-N ISBN: 978-92-9084-216-3 ISSN: 1977-8279 DOI:10.2870/12591