EUropean ROma MApping
Giugliano in Campania REPORT
Action 01 EU-ROMA map(happening) Naples 3-20 April 2008
lan in collaboration with:
Focus Group Naples ARCHINTORNO
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Giugliano in Campania REPORT
Giugliano in Campania
The “Camp” of Giugliano is an unofficial “spontaneous” settlement accommodating roughly 500 people of whom 50% are adolescents and children. The group is divided into 85 families, all from the ex-Yugoslavia. Some have lived in Italy for more than forty years but the majority came over to join family members already living in the area as part of the flow of migration following the 1991 Balkan war.
img 2 - 360° panoramic view of “camp 7” - photo by Martin Devrient
Contents
Page
Introduction
3
General View Map
5
Credits
6
The settlement and its inhabitants
7-11
General map of the settements
8
Map of settlement/infrastructure
10
Settlement: “camp 1”
15
Settlement: “camp 4”
16
Settlement: “camp 7”
17-20
Settlement: “camp 11”
21-22
Settlement: “camp 13”
23-28
INDUSTRIAL AREA ROMA SETTLEMENTS EX-WASTE COLLECTING SITE “ECOBALLE” DEPOSIT “ASSE MEDIANO” STREET “CIRCUMVALLAZIONE ESTERNA” (PERIMETER ROAD)
img 4 - General map of the area
img 5 - The backyard of “Camp 13”
Project Leader: Alexander Valentino (LAN) Laboratorio Architettura Nomade (Alexander Valentino, Martin Devrient) with the Naples EU-ROMA team Raffaella Inglese, Mario Puorro, Rosandra Esposito, Alma Esposito and Alessandra Basile, Lucia Spaccaforno of ARCHINTORNO
Aerial Images courtesy of Google Earth Text by Raffaella Inglese and Alexander Valentino Graphics by Alma and Rosandra Esposito and ARCHINTORNO Text Editing: A.Valentino Final Graphics: R.Esposito Editing: A. Valentino, Pietro Nunziante Additional photos by M. Devrient, ARCHINTORNO Special thanks to Zoran Hezovich, Ivo, and Carmine D’Angelo
In Giugliano culture, traditions and language are still passed on orally. Unlike the new generations, the old, who are by now parents or grand-parents, are illiterate aside from some men who claim to have learned to read and write in order to pass their driving test. The languages spoken are Romanès, Serbo-Croato and Italian. Relationships with non-Rom (principally mediators and institutions but also employers) in the area are good although contact is infrequent. The settlement is set up as a continuous camp subdivided into 13 units. Of these camps number 11, 7 and 13 have been monitored (called the “Opera Nomadi” and recognized by the inhabitants), as they are substantial from the point of view of the settlement and represent a heterogeneous sample of the present situation. The remaining settlements are composed of single family units. The settlement is located in the municipality of Giugliano, to the north-west of Naples, at the outer limits of the urban centre, on the external ring-road following the State Highway 162. Giugliano is served by suburban public transport which however does not cross the area of the settlement which is therefore accessible only by private means. The camp, in existence since 1991, was constructed on agricultural land flat with both cultivated and wild green areas, as the Rom who have been since then will confirm, and still resembles agricultural land of the past. Later on, with the application of the General Urban Development Plan (Piano Regolatore Generale) of 2004, the Municipal Council of Giugliano assigned the land as a PIP zone (Plan for Productive Settlements) and around the settlement numerous industries arose, including an ex-refuse collection centre and various refuse deposits, places then taken over by the legal authorities. Today they are considered areas of “strategic interest” by the Commission of the Government for the Campania Refuse Emergency and are guarded by the army and police. For these reasons, today the administration, by means of a private security firm (Falko Security S.R.I.S.), has created a barricade system under 24-hour surveillance, thirty metres from the entrance to the “camp”.
CAMP ENTRANCE CAMP AREA PRINCIPAL ROAD, PAVED UNPAVED ROAD
12
13
7
9 8 5 11
6
4 3 2 1
img 6 - Map of settlements, access and interior streets.
The thirteen units in the settlement, of differing character and dimension are linked together mainly by degrees of kinship (a link that applies to the whole group), or of friendship relative to the number of years spent in the camp as a permanent resident. Most centres have its own well-defined area of control with a single entrance, some with a perimeter which is less clearly demarcated. The borders of the various units are made up of natural elements such as trees, hedges and embankments, but also of man-made elements, barriers and fences of the adjacent factories or made by the residents with recycled materials or with actual mounds of rubbish.
The settlements are connected neither to the electricity network, or the water mains, nor even to the sewage system. Some of the inhabitants are hooked up informally to the electricity supply and pay a fee to the nearby factories. It’s the same for the water supply. The majority supply themselves with drinking water with canisters transported individually and with generators that run on petrol for electricity. Toilet facilities are made up of a system of septic tanks or drainage ditches and are located behind the shacks at the edges of the camp in separate wooden cabins. Winter heating is obtained from wood heaters, constructed by the residents and located in the central space of the living quarters. The heater is often also used for cooking, baking bread and for the heating of water.
img 8 - General plan of settlements and infrastrucure’s logo
The area is included in the refuse collection service but the containers are not big enough for the number of users and the collection of refuse is not carried out on a regular basis. The result is that the refuse often gets burnt or collected by private companies hired directly by the residents, the latter in order to limit the possibility of the outbreak of infectious diseases and the proliferation of rats. The desire to integrate is strong and it pushes the inhabitants to stress the similarities between their culture and ours. In that regard the families who seek to improve their living conditions are less willing to live in their own extended community. The first generation, those who were the first to emigrate, preserve their links more with their country of birth. Only the few old people still alive spend some period of the year in the ex- Yugoslavia while the new generations feel no kinship or emotional ties to that country. The ever-present threat of expulsion from Italy gives rise to a great degree of worry and bewilderment, above all among the minors who are Italian for all intents and purposes. The inhabitants are fundamentally sedentarized. They live in the “camp� and have no desire to move around. The main problem remains the acquisition of documentation that recognizes their integration into Italian society and the possibility of offering their children a better future. The majority of children go to the primary school and some of them try to continue their schooling (technical and hotel institutions etc.) urged on by their parents and their own desire for a more dignified life.
img 9 - Children playing
img 10 - Young man resting
Sources of great malaise are: the noise pollution produced by the neighbouring factories, air pollution from the same factories and the ex-centre for refuse collection; pollution from the burnt refuse; the danger of the roads being very near their homes and the areas in which their children play; the dirt and run-off from the illegal dumping of toxic industrial waste in the immediate vicinity and the necessity to wash themselves outdoors which is dangerous for children. The will to leave the neighbourhood with their families is clear if only to have better living conditions. If splitting up allowed them to improve their individual conditions, sacrificing the proximity to the group is a compromise and strategy which would be acceptable for the need to adapt. The wish to leave the camp as a residential structure is widespread as is the will to identify alternatives for one’s own family group, moving closer to the city to get out of a precarious and marginalized situation. In the last few months, after the census conducted by the Ministry for the Interior, after beginning work on the construction of a new “campo nomadi” located on land bordering the area already occupied and that will be able to house 106 people and after an ordinance that the area must be cleared out for health reasons, tension is reaching very high levels. The new local administration even asked the architect in charge for an adjustment to the project – to raise the surrounding wall from an initial height of 45cm to 270 cm, a real physical and visual barrier to hide the Rom settlement.
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img 12 - Pipe convertor gas station
img 13 - Paper released after security census img 14
img 15 - Confiscated dumping site
CAMP 1
img 16 - Map “camp 1�
family composition
single family famiglia unica
spatial shape
casual sparso
type of house
multy-room wooden shack baracca multistanza
w.c.
in the house interni alla casa.
water
no assente
green
no assente
img 17 - photo by ARCHINTORNO
CAMP 4
img 18 - Map “camp 4”
family composition
single family
spatial shape
casual
type of house
one room shack and roulotte
w.c.
at the edge of the site
water
unauthorized
green
cultivated
img 19 - photo by ARCHINTORNO
CAMP 7
family composition
more families
spatial shape
casual
type of house
single room shack, many roulottes
w.c.
collective img 20 - Google Earth aerial view
water
single collective unauthorized link
green
just for one family
img 21 - The ground is covered by soot
img 22
img 23
img 24 - Chidren are kept naked to prevent clothing from getting dirty
img 25
img 26
img 27 - The only water source in “camp 7”
Camp 11
family composition
large family
spatial shape
all around the central house
type of house
multi-room shack, few containers
w.c.
internal, one or more per house
water
single link
green
well cared-for in each area img 28 - Google Earh aerial view
img 29 - photo by ARCHINTORNO
img 32 - Backyard of a house
img 30 - ARCHINTORNO
img 31 - ARCHINTORNO
img 33 - Interior of a kitchen
img 34 - Children’s room
img 35 - Living room
CAMP 13
img 36 - Google Earth aerial view
family composition more families spatial shape leant against the partition wall. casual type of house single room shack and roulottes w.c. collective, , around the edges of the site water single collective connection green no
img 37 - Mezzanine terrace
img 38 - Looking outside
img 39 - Interior
img 40
img 41 - Front view
img 42 - At sun-set
img 43 - Often at night waste materials are set on fire
img 44 - Dust and heat in the summer evening
img 45 - The fires have given the area the nickname “Land of fires�